remember that God doth sometimes permit Satan to buffet us as he did Paul that he might try our patience and obedience that we may be the more watchfull of our selves against that roaring Lyon which compasseth the earth to and fro seeking whom he may devour that we may be the more earnest in prayer that we may adhere the closer to God and that we may acknowledge his fatherly care and goodnesse who will not suffer us to be tempted above measure comforting our selves in this that his grace is sufficient for us 5. We must remember that God hath given his Angels charge over us to hold us up in their hands least we dash our foot against a stone Christ was no sooner tempted by Satan but the Angels came and ministred to him When Iacob was persecuted by his brother Esau God sent a multitude of Angels to guard him The Prophet Elisha was encompassed with fiery Chariots or Angels in that shape from the Syrian Souldiers Let us not then fear so long as we know that the Angels of God are round about those that fear him and delivereth them and that the same Angels will be ready at our death to convey our souls as they did Lazarus into Abrahams bosome 6. Let us support our selves against Satan by the assurance of Christs death and the remission of our sins for blessed is the man whose sins are forgiven him therefore let us not be afraid for there is no condemnation to them that are in Christ Iesus It is God that justifieth who can condemn if Satan objects against us that sin hath abounded let us answer him in the Apostles words grace hath much more abounded 7. Let us as our Saviour counselleth us watch and pray continually our spirituall enemies are many vigilant malicious and powerful nothing will give them advantage over us but security and neglect of prayer vigilancy and prayer are Armour of proofe against all tentations with these Saint Paul armed himself when he was buffeted by the Angel of Satan therefore saith Saint Hierom When thou walkest abroad let prayers arm thee when thou returnest home let prayers meet thee Egredientes domo armet oratio regredientibus de platea occurrat oratio Lastly let us take heed we do not countenance or approve or have any commerce with Necromancers or such as take upon them to raise Spirits for God often times punisheth such vain curiosity let us beware of too much retirednesse for Satan is most ready to tempt us when we are alone so he tempted Eve when she was alone in the Garden and assaulted Christ when he was alone in the Desart Let us take heed also of too much sadnesse and melancholy for though this be a natural infirmitie yet Satan by it takes occasion to work mischief as we see in Saul who is said to have an evil spirit when he was in his melancholy fit and we know that in the Gospel mad men Phreneticks and Lunaticks are called Demoniacks because the Devil took occasion by their madnesse to advance his kingdom of darknesse And let us chiefly endeavour to have a good conscience which is a continual feast to live a holy life and to be just in all our wayes and so we shall not need to feare Satans Stratagems or illusions for the righteous man is bold as a Lyon Q. Of What Religion were the Chinois A. They were alwaies and still are Idolaters except as few gained to Christianity by the Jesuits and a few Tartars that are Mahumetans That vast Dominion is full of Temples and Monasteries replenished with multitudes of Idols which their cunning Priests feed with the smoak of meats but they eat the meat themselves The Priests here have so much power over their gods that they may beate and whip them when they do not answer their expectation They have one Idol with three heads which they much reverence These represent their three great Philosophers Confusius Xequiam aud Tanzu Their chiefe gods are the Sun Moon and Stars They worship also the devil not out of love but feare that he may do them no hurt therefore they place his picture in the fore Castle of their ships They are Pythagoreans in the opinion of Transahimation therefore some of them will not kill any living thing For this cause at Quinsay in a walled Parke belonging to a Monastery the Monks feed 4000 living creatures of divers kinds out of their charity to the souls of Noble men which were entred into the bodies of these creatures Their Monks are shaven are bound to weare beads to be present at burials to maintain Celibate whilst they are Monks to pray two hours together before day Of these religious Orders there be four sorts distinguished by their colours black white yellow and russet These have their Priors Provincials and Generall he is carryed on mens shoulders in an Ivory Chaite and is cloathed in silke Their maintainance is not onely the Kings allowance but also the benevolence of devout people which they procure by begging and praying for them They have their Nuns also and Hermits and consecrated Hills to which the people make divers Pilgrimages There are many Colledges for learning which is of high esteem among them Their Secular Priests weare long hair and black cloath their Regulares are shaven but neither must marry They are bound to observe all Feastivall days such as the New and Full Moons the Kings birth-day but chiefly New-years day which is the first day of the New Moon in February The people here are very Superstitious in obâ—rving their birth-day and in performing the Funâ—al Obsequies of their Parents whom they adore and bury in the fields with all solemnity and excessive charges No man is tyed to any particular worship among them but he may be of what Sect he will They have abundance of Hospitals for the poor and no beggers to be seen among them But for any knowledge of heavenly joyes or hell torments they have very little or none at all They are very much afraid when there is any Eclipse of the Sun or Moon which they hold to be man and wife for then they think that these two gods are angry with them Of their many superstitious Ceremonies and vain opinions in Divinity see the Discourse of China Boterus Ortelius Maffaeus Linschoten and the Jesuits Epistles Q What was the Religion of the ancient Indians A. They worshipped their own gods till Bacchus and Alexander subdued them and then the Grecian deities were honoured amongst them chiefly Iupiter Iuno Neptune and Berecynthia Hercuses also they honoured in the forme and bigness of a Gyant The River Ganges and their tallest trees were honoured as Gods among them therefore it was death to cut down any of them Dancing to their Idols was held a part of Divine worship but the Brachmans among them worshipped no Images nor any living creature were very temperate in in their dyet and gave themselves to contemplation of divine things They abstain
531 c. Congâ— its religion 101. The religions of its Northern neighbours Ibid c. Cophti of Egypt 493 c. Creation the knowledge the Pagans had thereof 71 c. of it and Noahs flood what knowledge the Americans had 109 c. D. DAyes festival in the Church of Rome 458 c. Dâ—acons and their office 397. and 399. Dead vide Burial Death how worshipped 143 c. Dominâ—cans 30â— c. E. Earth c. how worshipped 142 c. Egyptians their ancient religion 90 c. Their idolatrous worship 91 c. and continuance thereof 92 c. Their modern Religions 93 c. Elders 403 c. Endymion the Sun 522 Episcopacy what among the Presbyterians 408 c. How diffeferent from Presbytery 410. c. Eremites or Anchorites 243 c. Their first manner of living 244 c. Their too great rigour 245 c. Of S. Austin 2â—8 c. Of S. Paul in Hungary 312. Of S. Hierom 318. Ethiopians of Africa their ancient religion 98 c. Their religion at this day 99 c. The religion of the lower Ethiopians 100. Europe the religions thereof 121 c. Excommunicate persons their condition 415. Prophets Pharisees c. could not excommunicate ihid c. Why Christ did not excommunicate Iudâ—s 416. Excommunication and excommunicate persons considered ibid. c. F. FAmilists their Heresies 364. Superstitious Fear its cruelty 116. Festival dayes of Christ 458 c. Of the Saints 468 c. Fez the religion and Church-discipline thereof 95 c. Their times of prayer 96 c. Fire c. how worshipped 142 c. Florida its religion 104. Franciscans 304 c. subdivided into divers Orders 341 c. Fraternities 279 c. Fratricelli 319. Friers Mendicants 298. Predicants 302 c. Minorites 306 c. G. GEntiles their Gods vid. Gods worshipped the Sun under divers names and shapes 516 c. acknoweldged but one deity 527 c. under divers names 528 c. Their superstitious fear ibid. acknowledge a Trinity 529 c. Georgians 490 c. Goa the religion thereof 84 c. God acknowledged by the Americans 109. but one God acknowledged by the wiser sort of Gentiles 126 c. and 529. Gods of the Gentiles 134 c. 155. c. How ranked and armed 156. Their chariots how drawn 157. In what peculiar places worshipped ibid c. One God acknowledged by them 529. Greeks their religion and Gods 134 c. their worship and how painted 137 c. The Greeks sacrifices 144 c. Their Priests and Temples 146. their chief festivals 158 c. Greek religion at this day 478 c. their Church dignities and discipline 480 c. â—roves and high places condemned in Scripture â—3 etc. Guinea its religion 97 c. H. HErcules the same with the Sun 520 c. Heresy an enemy to christianity 183 Hereticks and Heresies namely Simon Magus 184. Menander 186 c. Saturninus 187. Basilides ibid. Nicolaitans Gnosticks 188. c. Carpocrates Cerinthus 189. Ebion Nazarites 190. Valentinians ib. etc. Secundians Pâ—olâ—means 191 c. Marcites ib. etc. Colarbasii 192 Heracleonites 192. Ophites ibid. c. Cainites and Sethites 193. Archonticks and Ascoâ—â—yprae Cerdon 194. Marcion ibid. c. Apelles 195. Severus ib. etc. Tatianus 196. Cataphryglans ib. c. Pepuzians Quintilians 197. Arâ—otyrites ibid. c. Quartodecimani Alogiani 198. Adamians ibid. c. Elcesians and Theodotians 199. Melchisedecians ibid. c. Bardesanists Noetians Valesians 200. Cathari ibid. c. Angelici Apostolici 201. Sabellians Originians Originists ibid. c. Samosatenians 202. Photinians ibid. c. Manichees â—03 c. Hierachites 204. Melitians ibid. etc. Arrians Audians Semi-Arrians 205. Macedonians ibid. c. Aerians Aetians 206. Eunomians ibid. c. Apollinarists Antidicomariâ—nites 207. Messalians ibid. c. Metangismonites Hermians Procliâ—â—ites Patricians Ascitae ibid. c. Pattalorinchitae Aquarii Coluthiani Floriani Aeternales 209. Nudipedales ibid. c. Donatists 210. Priscillianists ibid. c. Rhetorians Feri Theopaschitae Tritheitae Aquei Meliâ—onii Ophei 211. Tertullii ibid. c. Liberatores Nativitarii Luciferians Iovinianists and Arabicks 212. Collyridians Paterniani Tertullianists 213. Abellonitae ibid. c. Pelagians Praedestinati 214. Timotheans ibid. c. Nestorians 215. Eutychians and their spawn ibid. c. Hereticks of the seventh Century 218. c. of the eighth Century 220. of the ninth and tenth Centuries ibid. c. of the eleventh and twelfth Centuries 221. c. of the thirteenth Century 224 c. of the fourteenth Century 225 c. of the fifteenth Century 227 c. of the sixteenth Century 229. and 2â—8 c. Hierapolis the religion thereof 62 c. High places vid. Groves c. Hispaniola its religion 118. Hussites their tenets 227 c. I. IAcobites 492. Ianus the Sun 522. Iapon its religion 88 c. Idolaâ—ers their cruelty and cost in their barbarous sacrifices 106. c. The making worshiping of Images and bringing in Idolatry 19 c. Idolatry of the Gentiles and of all kindes condemned 63 c. Idolatry further condemned 118. c. and 515. The Gentile Idols were dead men 60 c. Iesuites 325. c. their rules 326. c. their constitutions and rules for Provincials 328. Provosts 330 c. Rectors 331. Masters ibid. c. Counsellers 333. Travellers ibid. c. Rules for the Admonitor 334 c. Overseer of the Church 335. for the Priests ibid. c. Preachers 336. for the Generals Proctor ibid. c. for the Readers Infirmarii 337. Librarii and under Officers ibid. c. Their privileges granted by divers Popes 339. c. Iewes their Church discipline from the beginning till their last destruction 6 c. The difference of the High Priestâ— from other Priests 7. Solomons Temple and the outward splendor of the Iewes religion 11 c. what represented by Solomons Temple and utensils thereof 15. office of the Levites 16. Prophets Scribes ibid. Pharisees 17. Nazarites ibid. etc. Rechabites 18. Essenes Sadduces ibid. Sâ—maritans 19 Iewes their ancient observation of the Sabbath 19 c. how they observed their passover 20 c. their feast of pentecost 21. their feast of tabernacles ibid. c. their new Moons 22. and 45. their feast of trumpets 22. c. their feast of expiation 23. their Sabbatical year ibid. c. their Jubilee 24 c. their excommunications of old 25 c. how instructed by God of old 26 c. their maintenance or allowance to their Priests and Levites 27 c. their Church government at this day 29 c. their manner and times of prayer 30 c. they hear the law three times a week 31 c. their ceremonies about the book of the Law 32 c. their manner of observing the Sabbath 33 c. how they keep their passover 35 c. their manner of eating the paschal lamb 36 c. their modern ceremonies are Rabbinical 37. observations concerning the Jewes
notorious Advancers of Heresie with their effigies and an account of their Lives Actions and Ends usually annexed to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the view of all Religions c. The Religions of Asia The Contents of the first Section OF the Church-Disciplin Sacrifices Ordination Publick place Buildings first erected for Divine Service and days of Divine Service before Moses 2. Of the Church Government under Moses difference of the High Priest from other Priests 3. Of the Church Government from him till Solonion 4. Of the Government after Solomon till the division of the Tribes 5. Of Solomons Temple and the outward splendor of the Iewes Religion 6. Of the office of the Levites of the Prophets Scribes Pharises Nazarites Rechabites Essenes Sadduces and Samritans 7. Of the ancient observation of their Sabbath of the observation of their Passover of the feasts of Pentecost Tabernacles new Moons of Trumpets and of expiation of their Sabbatical year and their Iubilee 8. Of their ancient Excommunications how God instructed them of old and of the maintenance allowed by the Iewes to their Priests and Levites 9. Of the Government after the Jewes were carried captive into Babylon 10. Of the Iewish Church-Government at this day their Prayers Sabbaths Feasts Book of the Law Passover what observable thereupon and whether to be permitted among Christians in the exercise of their own Religion and wherein not to be communicated with by Christians 11. Of the Iewish preparation for morning prayer Fast in August Beginning of their new year Feast of Reconciliation Ceremonies in reading of the Law 12. Their Church officers Feast of Dedication and of Purim Fasts Marriages Divorcements Circumcision Redemption of the first born their duty toward the sick and Ceremonies about the dead The Contents of the second Section THe Religions of the ancient Babylonians of the making worshipping of images bringing in Idolatry 2. Of Hierapolis and gods of the Syrians 3. Of the Phoenicians 4. Of the old Arabians 5. Of the ancient Persians 6. Of the Scythians 7. Of the Tartars or Cathaians and Pagans 8. The Religions of the Northern Countries neer the Pole Three ways whereby Satan deludes men by false Miracles The fear of his Stratagems whence it proceeds His illusions many our duty thereupon 9. Of the Chinois 10. Of the ancient Indians 11. Of Siam 12. Of Pegu 13. Of Bengala 14. Of Magor 15. Of Cambaia 16. Of Goa 17. Of Malabar Pagan Idolaters believe the immortality of the soul. 18. Of Narsinga and Bisnagar 19. Of Japan 20. Of the Philippina Islands 21. Of Sumatra and Zeilan 22. Of the ancient Egyptians 23. Of the modern Egyptian Religion The Religions of Africa and America The Contents of the third Section OF the old African Religion 2. The Religion and Church Discipline of Fez. 3. Of Morocco 4. Of Guinea 5. Of the ancient African Aethiopians 6. Of the modern Abissins 7. Of the Lower Aethiopians 8. Of Angola and Congo 9. Of the northern neighbours of Congo 10. Of the African Islands 11. The Religion of America 12. Of Virginia 13. of Florida 14. Of the Religions by west Virginia and Florida 15. Of New Spain and Mexico 16. Idolaters their cruelty and cost in their barbarous sacrifices 17. Of the Americans their superstitious fear and Tyranny thereof 18. Of Jucatan and the parts adjoining 19. Of the southern Americans 20. Of Paria and Guiana 21. Of Brasil 22. Of Peru. 23. Of Hispaniola The Religions of Europe The Contents of the fourth Section THe Religion of the ancient Europaeâ—ns 2. The Roman chief Festivals 3. Their gods 4. Their Priests 5. Their Sacrifices 6. Their Marriage Rites 7. Their Funeral Ceremonies 8. The old Grecian Religion 9. Their chief gods 10. Of Minerva Diana Venus 11 How Juno Ceres and Vulcan were worshipped 12. The Sun worshipped under the names of Apollo Phoebus Sol Jupiter Liber Hercules Mars Mercurius 〈◊〉 c. 13. The Moon worshipped under divers names and shapes 14. The Earth and Fire how worshipped and named 15. The Deity of the Sea how worshipped 16. Death how named and worshiped 17. The Grecian Sacrifices and Coremonies 18. Their Priests and Temples of old The Contents of the fifth Section THe Religion of the old Germans Gaules and Britains 2. Of the Saxons Danes Swedes Moscovites Russians Pomeranians and their neighbours 3. Of the Scythians Geâ—es Thracians Cymbrains Goths Lusitanians c. 4. Of the Lithuanians Polonians Hungarians Samogetians and their neighbours 5. Of divers Gentile gods besides the above named 6. The ranks and armes of their gods 7. With what creatures their Charriots were drawn 8. Of peculiar gods worshipped in peculiar places 9. The. Greek chief festivals The Contents of the sixth Section OF the two prevalent Religions now in Eorope 2. Of Mahomets Law to his Disciâ—les 3. Of the Mahumetans opinions at this day â— Mahomet not the Antichrist 5. Of their Sects and how the Turks and Persians differ 6. Of â—he Mahumetan religious orders 7. Of their oâ—her hypocritical orders 8. Of their secular Priest â— Of the Mahumetan Devotion and parts there â—f 10. Of their Ceremonies in their Pilgrimage to Mecca 11. The Rites of their Circumcision 12. Their Rites about the sick and dead 13. The 〈◊〉 of Mahumetanisme and the causes thereof 14. Mahumetanisme of what continuance THe Contents of the seventh Section The Christian Religion propagated 2. The decay thereof in the East by Mahumetanism 3. Persecution and Heresie the two great enemies thereof 4. Simon Magus the first heretick with his Disciples 5. Menander Saturninus and Basilides Hereticks 6. The Nicholaitans and Gnosticks 7. The Carpocratians 8. Cerinthus Ebion and the Nazarites 9. The Valentinians Secundians and Prolemians 10. The Marâ—ites Colarbasii and Heracleonites 11. The Ophites Cainites and Sethites 12. The Archonticks and Ascothyptae 23. Cerdon and Marcion 14. Apelles Severus and Tacianus 15. The Cataphrygians 16. Pepuzians Quintilians and Artotyrites 17. The Quartidecimani and Alogiani â— 18. The Adamians Elcesians and Theodocians 19. The Melchisedicians Bardesanists and Noetians 20. The Valesians Catheri Angelici and Apostolici 21. The Sabellians Originians and Originists 22 The Samosatenians and Phorinians 23 The Manichaean religion 24. The Hierachites Melitians and Arrians 25. The Audians Semi-arrians and Macedonians 26. The Aeâ—ians Aetians and Apollinarists 27. The Antidicomarianites Messalians and Metangismonites 28. The Hermians Proclianites and Patricians 29. The Ascites Pattalorinchites Aquarii and Coluthiani 30. The Floriani Aeternales and Nudipedales 31. The Donatists Priscillianists Rhetorians and Feri 32. The Theopaschites Tritheits Aquei Melitonii Ophei Tertullii Liberatores and Nativita rii 33. The Luciferians Jovinianists and Arabicks 34. The Collyridians Paterniani Tertullianists and Abelonites 35. The Pelagians Predestinati and Timotheans 36. The Nestorians Eutychians and their Spawn The Contents of the eighth Section OF the opinions in Religion held the seventh Century 2. The opiniâ—ns of the eighth Century 3. The Tenets of the ninth and tenth Centuries 4. The opinions of the eleventh
is yet to come therfore must make both confession of their faith and of their sâ—â—s They pray that their death may be a sufficient expiation for their sins and that they may have a share in Paradise and in the life to come Q. How do they use their dead A. When the Party dieth his kindred tear off a little piece of their garments because Iacob tore his garments when he heard of Iosephs death They mourn also seven days because Ioseph did so for his father All the water in the house they pour out into the streets They cover his face and bow his thumb that it resembleth the Hebrew Shaddai that so they may terrifie Satan from comming near the Corps His other fingers are stretched out to shew that now he holds the world no longer having forsaken it They wash the body with warm water and anoint the head with wine and the yolk of an egg and cloath him with the white surplice he wore on the day of Reconciliation and then they Coffin him When the Corps is carried out of the house they cast a shell after him signifying that all sorrow should be now cast out of that house In the Church yard a prayer or two is said then the Corps is buried the next of kin casteth in the first earth In their return they cast grasse over their heads either to signifie their frailty and mortality For all flesh is grass or else their hope of the Resurrection When they enter the Synagogue they skip to and fro and change their seat seven times The Mourners go bare-foot seven days abstain from wine and flesh except on Sabbaths and Festivals They bath not in 33. days nor pare their nails They burn candles for seven days together thinking that the departed souls return to the place where they left the body and bewail the losse thereof They beleeve that no Jew can be partaker of the Resurrection who is buried out of Canaan except God through hollow passages of the earth convey his body thither grounding this conceit upon Iacobs desire to Ioseph that he should bury him in Canaan and not in Egypt They borrowed diverse Gentile customs in their Funerals as cutting or tearing their skin hiring of women to sing and minstrils to play also shaving going bare footed and bare-headed with dust on their heads washing anointing and embalming besides beautifying of their Sepulchres and adding of Epitaphs c. they used also burning of the dead as may be seen in 1 Sam. 31. 12. and Amos 6. 10. they bury apart by themselves and not with those of another Religion Their common Epitaph is Let his soul be in the bundle of life with the rest of the just Amen Amen Selah Other vain opinions and ceremonies they have but not to our purpose Of which see Munster Buxtâ—rfius Margarita Galatin Hospinian Fagius D. Kimchi Aben Esra c. The Contents of the second Section The Religions of the ancient Babylonians of the making worshipping of images and bringing in Idolatry 2. Of Hierapolis and gods of the Syrians 3. Of the Phenicians 4. Of the old Arabians 5. Of the ancient Persians 6. Of the Scythians 7. Of the Tartars or Cathaians and Pagans 8. The Religions of the Northern Countries neer the Pole Three-ways whereby Satan deludes men by false miracles The fear of his Stratagems whence it proceeds His illusions many our duty thereupon 9. Of the Chinois 10. Of the ancient Indians 11. Of Siam 12. Of Pegu. 13. Of Bengala 14. Of Magor 15. Of Cambaia 16. Of Goa 17. Of Malabar Pagan Idolaters believe the immortality of the Soul 18. Of Narsinga and Bisnagar 19. Of Japan 20. Of the Philippina Islands 21. Of Sumatra and Zeilan 22. Of the ancient Egyptians 23. Of the modern Egyptian Religions SECT II. Quest. WHat kinde of Religious or rather Superstitious government was there among the Ancient Babylonians Answ. They had their Priests called Chaldeans and Magi who were much addicted to Astrology aâ—d Divination and had their Schools for education of the Youth in this knowledge They worshipped divers gods or idols rather the two chief were Belus or Bel or Baal by whom they meant Iupiter the other was Astaroth or Astarte by which Iuno was understood They were bound also by their superstitious discipline to worship the Sun and so was the King to offer to him every day a white horse richly furnished They worshipped also the Fire under the name of Nego and and the Earth by the name of Shaca To this Goddesse they kept a feast for five dayes in Babylon where during that time the Servants were Masters and the Masters Servants They worshipped also Venus for maintaining of whose service the women prostituted themselves to strangers and received much money thereby to this purpose they sat and exposed themselves at the Temple of Venus which they call Militta Their Priests used to have their Processions and to carry their Idols on their shoulders the people before and behinde worshipping The Priests also there used to shave their heads and beards and to stand in their Temple with Axes Scepters and other Weapons in their hands and Candles lighted before them They held a Divine Providence but denied the Creation Ninus was the first Idolater who after the death of his Father Belus set up his Image and caused it to be adored with divine honours here at Babylon and in the rest of his dominions Thus we see that the making of images and the worshipping of them was the invention of the Gentiles for indeed they were men whom the Pagans affirmed to be gods and every one according to his merits and magnificence began after his death to be worshipped by his friends but at length by the perswasion of evil spirits they esteemed those whose memories they honoured to be lesser gods this opinion and idolatry was fomented by the Poets and not onely a preposterous love and a vain admiration of the worth and merits of dead men brought in idolatry but likewise Deisidemonia or a foolish and preposterous fear primus in orbe Deos fecit timor for the Gentiles did fear their Religion would be in vain if they did not see that which they worshipped they would therefore rather worship stocks and stones then an invisible Deity but it is ridiculous saith Seneca Genâ— posito simulachra adorare suspicere fabros vero qui illa secerunt contemnere to worship and admire the image and to slight the image maker whereas the Artificer deserves more honour then the Art Against this madnesse the Prophet Isaiah speaketh chap. 44. men cut down trees rinde them burn a part of them make ready their meat and warm themselves by the fire thereof but of the residue he maketh a god an idol and prayeth to it but God hath shut their eyes from sight and their heart from understanding Divers ways they had in worshipping of their Idols sometimes by bowing the head sometimes by bending the knee
from Wine and strong drink and women and lie on skins Their Gymnosophists were Philosophers who accustomed their bodies to endure all hardnesse and their eyes to gaze on the Sun from morning to evening Of the Indian Religion see Alexander ab Alexandro Pliny Bâ—emus c. Q. What is the Religion of Siam A. This kingdome of the East-Indies except where the Moors inhabit and some Christians is also idolatrous But especially they worship the four Elements and accordingly there be four differâ—nt Sects Each one desireth to be buried in that element which he worshippeth hence some are buried some burned some hanged in the Ayr and some drowned in the Water They hold that God made all things that the good are rewarded and the wicked punished That each man hath two spirits waiting on him a good and a bad That the world shall stand 8000 yeers and then shall be burned into ashes whence shall come forth two eggs and out of them one man and one woman who shall again replenish the Earth Their religious Orders are so strict that it's death among them to speak to a woman They feed on Rice onely and herbs which they beg from door to door They must not buy nor sell nor take Rents They are tyed to rise at midnight to pray to their Idols They go still bare-footed and in poor cloaths Every King of this Country at his Coronation is bound to erect a Temple with high Steeples and multitudes of Idols Their priests go in yellow being a sacred colour resembling the Suns light They may not nourish any female thing not so much as a hen He that drinks Wine is stoned to death See the discourse of China Boterus Maginus and others Q. What is the Religion of Pegu A. The religious Ceremonies of this kingdom consisted in multitudes of Temples Images and begging preachers who are still preaching and begging Their Alms are brought to them in the Pulpits whilst they are preaching The people when they enter into their Churches at the dore wash their feet and by lifting up their hands to their heads salute the preacher first and and then the Sun When any enters into that Order of Talipâ—n or preacher he is first carried in solemnity about the streets on horse-back with Pipes and Drâ—ms then upon mens shoulders to his house which is without the Town They keep holy day every New-Moon They believe multitudes of gods worlds succeeding each other that this world hath been governed by four gods already who are gone the fift is not yet come after whose death the world shall be burned After this life they hold some shall live in carnal pleasure some in torment and others shall be aunihiarid They hold Transanimation and are bound to fast thirty days every year They know no women for whom they allow Nunneries The People drink the water wherein their Preachers wash themselves coâ—nting it holy They feed the Devil each morning with baskets of rice that he may not hurt them that day When they are sick they build him Altars and pacifâ—e him with flowers meat and musick Their Idols are honoured with divers festivals in which wax lights are burned all night and the gates stand open that all those may see and have accesse to the idol who bring presents with them Q. Of what Religion are the people of Bengala A. They are not content to worship the River â—ahges but to its image also they give divine honours The River is visited by many Pilgrims who think themselves happy if they can wash themselves in it If any can drink of the water thereof at the point of death he thinks presently by the vertue thereof to obtain heaven There is also a Well which they adore in If they wash away all their sins and are all clean both without and within if they wash in it and drink thereof They carry away the sand of this Well as a sacred Relique and in recompence leave flowers behind them in the Well For fear Ieast their idols should saint with too much heat there are some who with fans blow the wind for refrigeration All are bound to enter bareâ—ooted into the idol-Temples The more horrid and ugly the idol looks the more he is worshipped Sick people are brought and laid before the idols which are honoured with lights continually burning before them Their marriages are made in some Water wherein the Priest and the married couple hold a Cow with her Calfe by the taile and poure water upon it then the Priest tieth the maâ—ried persons cloaths together then going round about the Cow aud Calse the Ceremony is ended The Priest hath for his Fee the Cow and Calf the poor some Almes and the idols some Money About Iemena they use to pray naked in the water and to do pennance by lying flat on the ground 〈◊〉 the earth holding up their hands to the Sun and turning themselves about fourty times Who deâ—ire more of this stuff let them read Linschoten R. Fitzh 〈…〉 Q. Of what Religion is the kingdom of Magor A. They are for the most part Pythagoreans holding Transanimation they acknowledge one God but have many fabulous conceits of him as that he hath appeared in the world in divers monstrous shapes to wit of a Fish a Snail a Hog a Monster resembling Woman in the lower part and a Lyon in the upper They worship divers idols one chiefly representing a Woman with two heads and many hands to this image neâ—r the City Tahor repair many Pilgrims The King worshippeth every morning the image of the Sun and of Christ also the Son of righteousnesse which he sets on the crown of his head See Oranus in his Narration of Magor Q. What is the Reiigion of Cambaia A. The people here are so superstitiously Pythagoreans that there are among them some religious orders who are afraid to kill a Gnat or Worm They are much addicted to fasting and almes-giving Their religious persons called Verteus leave no hair on their heads and faces but a little on their crown They will not drink their water cold fearing least thereby they should slay the soul of the water which is quickened by boyling The people here redeem birds and beasts appointed to be slain and if any bird be sick or hurt they carry it to the Hospital They redeem also Malefactors condemned to dye and sell them for slaves For fear least they should tread upon Ants they will rather go out of the way then goe neer their Hills They drink no Wine nor will eat Eggs least there should be blood in them Neither will they eat of Radishes Onyons or any herb that hath red colour in it See Maffaeus Linschoten and Purchas Q. What is the Religion professed in Goa A. Here are Christians Jewes Mahumetans and Pagans who pray to the Sun and Moon and worship divers idols of horrible Aspects but their custome is to pray to the first thing they meet with
Guiana 21. Of Brasil 22. Of Peru. 23. Of Hispaniola SECT III. Quest. WHat was the Religion of the old Africans A. Their chief gods were the Sun and Fire to which they erected Temples and kept the Fire continually burning on Altars to that purpose The Planets were the Numidian and Lybian gods From Gentilisme they were converted to Judaism then to Christianity and at last to Mahumetanisme We read that Matthias the Apostle preached in Aethiopia and Simon another Apostle in Mauritania about the time of Constantine Christianity was generally received in the hither and lesser Africa and was by the Goths infected with Arianisme which made way for Mahumetanism The Poeni or Phonicians and Carthoginians whilest Gentiles offered men sacrifices to Saturn in their supplications they put infants in the arms of Saturns brazen image made hot with fire and so were burned to death At Tunis neer the Lake â—itonia Miuerva taught the use of Oyle and invented the Art of Spinning therefore she was worshipped as a goddesse Venus was a great deity in Phoenicia Iuno in Carthage At this day they are Mahumetans whose Religion consisteth most in washing and frequenting of the Mosques See Alexander ab Alexandro Ih. Leo Sâ—idas and others Q. What is the Religion and Church Discipline of Fez A. They are at this day Mahumetans in their prosession and in their Devotion no ways sparing for there are in the City of Temples and Chappels about 700 whereof some are garnished with many pillars and Fountains of Marble Each Temple hath one Priest to say Service and look to his Churches revenue which he bestoweth upon the Church-Officers namely the Porters Cryers and the Lamp-lighters these are night Officers but for the day Cryers who from their Steeples call the people to prayers these have no pay but onely are freed from tenths and all other payments In the great Church which is about a mile and halfe in compasse and hath 31 great gates the roofe whereof is upheld with twenty Arches in breadth and 38 in length are lighted every night 900 Lamps some of the greaâ—est are of brasse with sockets for 1500 Lamps About the walls are divers Pulpits for their Readers who begin their Lectures shortly after break of day in the Summer they read after Sun-set Mahumets Law and Moral Philosophie are read then to the winter Lectures are allowed large revenues books and Candles The Priest of this Temple taketh charge of the Orphans mony and of the poor to whom he dealeth Corn and mony every Holy-day This Temple hath a treasurer and under him eight Notaries and six Clarks twenty 〈◊〉 for the husbandry twenty Lime-kills and twenty Brick-kills for repairing of the Temple the Revenâ—es of which are 200 Ducatsaday Oâ—â—er Temples of the City are hence furnished when they want Here are two stately Colledges for porfessors of divers Sciences and divers Hospitals for strangers and the â—ick with all accommodations Their Marriages are performed in the Church They have great feasting at the circumcision of the males They observe divers Feastivals at some of which the youth do with Cudgels and other weapons knok down one another so that many murthers are committed They make Bone-fires on the Feast of St Iohn Baptist and on Christmasse â—Even eat Sallades of green Hearbs On Mahumets birth-day the Poets make Sonnets in his praise which they reherse publiquely and are rewarded accordingly In Fez are 200 Grammer-Schools the youth are bound in seven yeers to learn the Alcoran by heart On Mahumets birth-day every boy carrieth a wax torch to school which they light before day and let them burn till Sun-rising all this while singing Mahumets praise Candles are presented to the King that day of incredible heigth and bignesse who that night heareth all the Law read By Mahuments Law Soothsayers are inprisoned and yet here are many of that profession There are here divers Sects of Mahumetans some like our Anabaptists condeming all learning and trusting to Enthusiasmes others who think by their fasting and good works that they are so holy and perfect that they cannot sin There be some who hold all Religions to be true because every one takes that to be God which he worships and they teach that the Heaven with the Planets Stars and Elements are one God They have also their Hermits By their Discipline Women may not enter their Mosques because of their often pollutions and for that Eve first sinned The day after a child is born the Priest is sent for to pray The child is washed by the women who name it and then it is circumcised but somtimes the circumcision is put off for divers yeers They are very strict in their fastings not tasting any thing though they should faint till the Stars appear the Mufti or High-Priest sits with the King every day in judgment except the Friday then the King sits alone See 〈…〉 c. Q. What are their times of Prayer A. Two hours afore day then they pray for the day 2. Two hours after day then they give thanks for the day 3. At Noon then they give thanks for that halfe the day is past 4. At four in the afternoon then they pray that the Sun may well set on them 5. At twilight they give thanks after their daily labours 6. They pray-two hours after twi-light and then they desire a good night thus they pray six times in 24. hours and so devout they are that when they hear the Sexton from their Steeples cry to prayer before day then may no man touch his wife but prepare to prayer by washing or other devotion either at Church or in his own house after this his prayer the Talby or Priest sits down and resolves for half an hour all doubts that are moved in matters of their Law He is counted profane and disabled from being witnesse who prayeth not six times a day See Purchas in his Pilgrimage Q. What is the Religion of Morocco A. The same is there professed that is in Fez but they are not altogether so devout in Morocco as in Fez for they have not that number of magnificent Temples Colledges Hospitals and Schools yet some they have especially one Temple very large and stately in Morocco with a magnificent Steeple of incredible hight they have also their Hermites and other Religious men in all these they come short of Fez by reason they are often molested by the incursions of the Arabians They here also among them as in Fez multitudes of Jews who â—â—cked over thither when they were driven out of Spain by Ferdinand and out of Portugal by King 〈◊〉 There be also among them many Christians but in miserable captivity and slavery whereas the Turks elsewhere in spiritual affairs subject themselves to the Caliph of Cairo these African kingdoms acknowledge onely their subjection to the Caliph of Bagdaâ— or Babylon The Turks of Morocco and Fez think they merit Heaven if they kill many Christians therefore they
birds and their Priests are in such esteem that they think life and death plenty and famine are in their power In the Kingdome of Congâ— they worship some monstrous creatures in stead of God But they were converted to Christianity by the Portugal Anno 1490. At the City of Banza afterward called Saint Saviours was erected a Cathedral Church for the Bishop who was there received by the King in great magnificence This Church had 28. Canon Residents All their Idols of beasts birds trees and herbs with their conjuring characters were burned Divers Religious persons and Jesuits were sent from Portugal thither to erect Schools and Colledges for Divinity and the Arts. See Purchas Lopez Maffaeus Osorius of the acts of Emanuel Q. What Religion do the northern neighbours of Congo professe A. In Loango under the Line they worship idols and are circumcised Every trades-man appeaseth his god with such things as belong to his trade the husbandman with corn the weaver with cloath c. At the death of their friends they kill Goats to the honour of their idols and make divers feasts in memorial of the dead They will rather dye then touch any meat which is prohibited by their Priests At Kenga the Sea-Port of Loango there is an idol kept by an old Woman which is once a year honoured with great solemnity and feasting There is another idol at Morumba thirty leagues northward where boys are sworn to serve this God and are initiated with hard diet ten days silence abstinence from certain meats and a cut in their shoulder the blood of which is sprinkled at the Idols feet Their trials of life and death are in the presence of this Idol At Anzichi they are circumcised worship the Sun and Moon and each man his particular Idol In some of these neighbouring countries the people are man-eaters and worship the Devil to whom when they offer sacrifice they continue from morning till night using charming Vociferations dancing and piping See Lopez Barros and others Q. Of what Religion are the Islands about Africa A. In some of them are Mahumetans in some Christians but in most Heathens In Socotera an Island neer the mouth of the Red Sea whence we have our best Aloes they are Iacobites and are governed by their Abuna or Priest They much reverence the Crosse. They have Altars in their Churches which they enter not but stand in the Porch In Madagascar or the great Island of Saint Laurence there are many Mahumetans upon the coast but more Idolaters within the Land who acknowledge one Creator and are circumcised but use neither to pray nor keep holy day They punish adultery and theft with death In the Isle of Saint Thomas under the Line are Christians and Moors In divers Islands are no people at all In the Canaries are Christians before they were idolaters and had many wives whom they first prostituted to their Magistrates and this uncivil civility they used to strangers instead of hospitality They bury the dead by setting them upright against a wall with a staff in their hand and if he was a great man a vessel of milk by him Madera is also possessed by Christians and so be the other Islands on this hither part of the African coast see Ortelius Mercater and other Geographers Q. What Religion was professed among the Americans A. Before the Spaniards came thither they were all Pagans who as they were distinguished into divers Nations so they worshipped divers gods after divers manners but they did generally acknowledge the Sun and Moon for the chief gods In Canada they worshipped the Devil before the French came thither and in most places there as yet they worship him who when he is offended with them flings dust in their eyes The men marry two or three wives who after the death of their husbands never marry againe but go still after in black and besmear their faces with coal dust and grease they do first expose their daughters to any that will lie with them and then give them in marriage They believe that after death their soules ascend into the Stars and go down with them under the Horizon into a Paradise of pleasure They believe also that god stuck a multitude of arrows in the beginning into the ground and of these sprung up men and women They have divers ridiculous opinions of God as that he once drank much Tobacco and then gave the pipe to their Governour with a command that he should keep it carefully and in so doing he should want nothing but he lost the Pipe and so fell into want and misery Such senselesse conceits have these people who as they are savage in their carriage so in their understandings they are little better then beasts They use to sing the Devils praises to dance about fires which they make to his honour and leap over them They bemoan the dead a great while and bring presents to the grave Many of these ignorant souls were converted to Christ by the industry of the Jesuites Anno 1637. and 1638. See Father Pauls relation of new France See also Champlain and Iaques Cartier c. Q. What is the Religion of Virginia A. Before the English planted Christianity there they worshipped the Devil and many idols as yet they doe in many places there They beleeve many Gods but one principally who made the rest and that all creatures were made of water and the Woman before the Man who by the help of one of the gods conceived and bore children They are all Anthropomorphites giving to their gods the forms of men whom they worship with praying singing and offerings They hold the soules immortality rewards and punishments after this life the one in heaven the other in a burning pit toward the west The Priests are distinguished from other people by garments of skins and their hair cut like a comb on their crowns They carry their gods about with them and ask counsel of them Much of their devotion consisteth in howling and dancing about fires with rattles of Gourd or Pompian rindes in their hands beating the ground with stones and offering of Tobacco Deer suet and blood on their stone Altars They undertake no matters of consequence without advice of their Priests the chief whereof is adorned with Feathers and Weasels tails and his face painted as ugly as the devils They bury their Kings after their bodies ate burned and dryed in white skins within arches of mats with their wealth at their feet and by the body is placed the devils Image The Women expresse their sorrow with black paint and yellings for twenty four hours None but the King and Priest may enter these houses where the Images of Devils and their Kings are kept Instead of saying Grace at meat they fling the first bit into the fire and when they will appease a storm they cast Tobacco into the water Sometimes they sacrifice children to the devil But of these passages See
is Idolatry saith he to carve or paint Idols so it is any ways to adorne them to build houses or temples for them so that all such Artificers are guilty of idolatry so are judicial Astrologers who call the stars by the names of Idols and take upon them to foretell future contingencies by them so are School-Masters who teach the Genealogies and Fables of these false gods this severity indeed was needful in the beginning of the Gospel when Gentilisme was to be suppressed that way might be made for Christianity but now Pagan idolatry being quite extinguished among us there is no danger in reading or teaching of Heathen Authors He condemneth also Merchants that bring home and sell incense or any thing else whereby idols are worshipped So he will not have Christians to be present at the solemnities shews or festivals of idols nor to give any countenance to them or to wink and connive at them or to call them gods or to swear by them for that is to take the name of the true God in vain nay he will not permit Christians to light candles or set up bayes in their doors which upon solemn days was an honour due to the Emperour because this ceremony had some resemblance with Gentile idolatry The Contents of the fourth Section The Religion of the ancient Europaeans 2. The Roman chief festivals 3. Their gods 4. Their Priests 5. Their Sacrificesâ—6 Their Marriage Rites 7. Their Funeral Ceremonies 8. The old Grecian Religion 9. Their chief gods 10. Of Minerva Diana Venus 11. How Juno Ceres and Vulcan were worshipped 12 The Sun worshipped under the names of Apollo Phoebus Sol Jupiter Liber Hercules Mars Mercurius Pan c. 13. The Moon worshipped under divers names and shapes 14. The Earth and Fire how worshipped and named 15. The Deity of the Sea how worshipped 16. Death how named and worshipped 17. The Grecian Sacrifices and Ceremonies 18. Their Priests and Temples of old SECT IV. Quest. WHat was the Religion of the ancient Europaeans Answ. The same Paganism was professed among them that was in the other parts of the world and which is yet professed in Lapland Finland and some parts of Norway Lituania and Samagâ—tia whose religion is Idolatrous whose knowledge is Magick and whose actions are barbarous The chief gods that were worshipped in Europe were the Sun Moon Stars Elements Rivers Fountains Trees and indeed so many great and small that according to Varros computation they exceeded 30000. in number If we speak of the Religions professed among the Greeks and Romans we shall speak in a manner of all because they had almost all Europe under their Dominion and before their conquests the same idols were worshipped by all but under different names Numa taught the Romans to worship their gods by offering Corn and Cakes besprinkled with salt and to erect Temples but no Images thinking it both absurd and impossible to represent that incomprehensible power by outward shapes and forms But many years after Tarquinius Prisâ—us taughâ— them according to the Grecian manner to set up images to their Gods Then were the Vestal Nuns chosen who were to continue so thirty years the first ten they were learners the second ten years practitioners in their office but the third ten years teachers of the novices If they committed whoredom they were burned or buried alive if the sacred fire went out by their neglect which was held ominous they were scourged Then were the Priests of Mars called Salii instituted at first but twelve afterwards twenty foure These were chosen out of the Patricii and they were in March to dance solemnly with their Targets called Ancilia one of which fell down from heaven These festival dances were dedicated to Mars They had their Augures or Diviners They had their Triumviri called Epâ—lones who had the charge of the holy feasts and other Triumviri who had the charge of the Siâ—yls books Arvales had the care of the fields Feciales of the wars All these were Orders of Priest-hood to which may be added Flamines of which there were as many as there were of their greater gods Iupiters Priests were called Diales the Priests of Mars Martiales of Romulus Quiâ—inales c. He that had the charge of these Priests of the Sacrifices and of Festivals was called Rex Sacrificulus or the King of Priests because anciently Kings did exercise the Priests office But above them all was the Pontifical Colledge which at first consisted only of eight but Sylla enlarged them to fifteen these were to assist the chief Pontifie or Pope in whom alone was the supream power of all Religion of Sacrifices Holy days Priests Yestals Vows Funerals Idols Oaths Ceremonies and whatsoever concerned Religion besides the care of the wooden bridge called Pons sublicius He had more priviledges and honours then the Kings themselves for he might ascend the Capitol in his Litter which was not lawful for others And whatsoever criminal fled to him he was that day free from punishment Neither was he bound to give an account of any thing he did Q. What were the Roman chief Festivals A. Saturnalia to the honour of Saturn about the Suns going into Capricorn then the servants were better then their Masters this feast they had from the Greeks Feriae Latinae to Iupiter this feast was kept upon the hill Albanus midway between Alba and Rome by the Romans and Latines Quinquatria was a feast of five days to the honour of Minerva it was kept after the Ides of March the first day was for sacrifice the other three for sword-players and the last for lustration Natalitia to the Genius in which feast it was held abominable to shed the blood of some beasts and ominous seeing those birth feasts were wholly dedicated to mirth and joy Vertumâ—alia were feasts to Vertumuâ—â— the god of Merchandising it was kept in the moneth of October Lupercalia in February to the honour of Pan Lycaeus the god of shepherds who keeps the sheep from the wolves This feast Evander brought with him out of Arcadia into Italy in it the young men used to run up and down the streets naked with leather thongs in their hands striking gently all such as they meâ— young Ladies used purposely to offer their naked hands to be struck by them hoping hereby to become fruitful Agonalia were feasts kept in Ianuary either to the honour of Ianus or else of Agon the god of actions and enterprizes Carmentaliâ— in Ianuary also to the honour of Carmenta Evanders mother who was a Prophetesse Feralia so called a ferendis epulis from carrying meat to the graves of their friends this feast was kept in February to the Manes or infernal Ghosts Terminalia in February also to Terminus the god of marches and bounds this feast was observed to keep amity between neighbours that they might not differ about the bounds of their lands Saliaria in March to the honour of Mars whose Priests called Salii
Chariot drawn with Lyons to shew that the earth supporteth all Towers and Castles produceth all herbs and trees is the predominant Element in compounded bodies signified by the Crown Key and Scepter the motion of her Chariot on foure wheels signifieth the motion not of the earth but of her inhabitants in the four seasons of the year the Lions and all earthly creatures though never so strong and fierce are subject to the Laws of terrestrial nature Of the manner how Ceres was painted and worshipped we have said already By Proserpina they meant the Earth as she is fruitful and cherisheth the seeds cast into her For this cause she is called Bona Dea from the many good things she affords us and Fauna à Favendo from favouring and cherishing us Pomona from the fruits and Flora from the Flowers she produceth and Pales as she furnisheth fodder to the cattel therefore she was held the goddesse of Shepherds and her Feasts Palilia were kept without shedding of blood then were the Cattel purified with Sulphure Rosemary Sabin and Bayes and made to passe through flames of stubble and hay Q. What worship had the Deity of the Sea A. He was called Neptune and worshipped in the form of an ancient man with a Crown on his head holding his Trident in one hand and embraced his Wife Amphithrite with the other Between his legs was a Dolphin His Chariot drawn with Horses The Sea 's swift motion was represented by the Dolphin and Horses and its Dominion over all other waters by the Crown and Scepter He was called Consus from counsel to shew that Princes Counsels should be hid as the cause of the ebbing and flowing of the Sea is He was called Neptunus à Nubendo from covering the Earth Nereus and his Wife Thetis were Sea deities and indeed the same with Neptune so was Oceanus whose Chariot was drawn by four Whales Proteus is also the same though those are held by most to be different gods yet in effect all is but one and the same deity so were the Tritons and Nereides though these with the Sirenes are thought by some to be monstrous Fishes The Tritons were counted Neptunes Trumpeters to shew the noise and roaring of the Sea Old Glaucus is also the same Sea-god with the rest who is described and worshipped in the form of an old man with long hair and beard dropping with water his breast beset with Sea-oars and below the Navel like a Fish Q. What worship and names did they give to Death A. Death was held a Deity and worshipped under the name of Pluto or Plutus sitting in a dark Throne with a black Ebony Crown on his head a rod in one hand to drive together the dead bodies and a key in the other to lock them in At his feet was placed the three-headed-dog Cerberus all which was to shew the condition of the dead The Cypress-tree stood alwayes by him he was called from gathering or driving people together Death is the great King of darknesse who drives all men rich and poor wise and fools Kings and beggars into one place omnes eodem cogimur Death is called Cerberus that is a devourer of flesh For it consumes all flesh This is the black dog as Seneca calls him which is still barking at and biting of mortals he is called Bellua centiceps by Horace the-hundreth headed beast for death hath a hundred ways to seize upon us The same death is expressed by Charon to some by Acheron to others for to good men who depart hence with a clear conscience death is comfortable but to the wicked whom the furies of an evil conscience do torment death is terrible and comfortlesse expressed by the word Acheron Q. What was the manner of sacrificing in Greece A. None came neer the altar till they were first purified neither must the sacrifice be laid on the altar till it was also Instrated or purified with Meale and holy water called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The standers by were besprinkled with this water after a firebrand taken from the altar had been quenched in it and then some holy flower or meal was cast on them This done the Priest prayed then the Victim was brought to the altar with the head upward if it was dedicated to the superiour gods but if to the inferiour with its head downward The Fat Heart Spleen and Liver were offered to the gods the rest of the beast was eat up by the Priests and people spending the rest of the day in gormandising and drunkennesse When the Greeks sacrificed to Vesta and the Romans to the Lares they left nothing of the sacrifice hence Lari sacrificare 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was to eat up all The poorer sort offered 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Meat or Cakes the same with the Roman mol◠which by the richer sort was mingled with Wine and Oyl These frugal sacrifices are called by Pindarus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Supplicating sacrifices intimating that there is more devotion in these mean sacrifices then many times in those that are more costly for it is not the sacrifice but the heart of the sacrificer God requires They used to try if their victim would prove acceptable to their Gods by putting the Cake on the head between the horns which were in solemn feasts gilded if the beast stood quiet it was fit to be sacrificed if otherwise it was rejected In all sacrifices Vesta was first invocated 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to shew both the antiquity and necessity of fire in sacrificing Their custom also was to sacrifice in the morning to the Gods in the evening to the Heroes or Demi-gods The Greeks did not as the Romans grind the corn which they laid on the head of the Victim but laid it on whole 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Suides to shew the manner of the ancient feeding before the grinding of corn was invented This whole corn was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They were wont also after their sacrifice and feast to burn the tongue of the beast and besprinkle it with Wine as Homer sheweth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This was to shew that after drinking and feasting the tongue should be silent and nothing divulged what was then spoken This was also done in honour of Mercury the god of Eloquence and of sleep for about sleeping time the tongue was sacrificed The Grecian Priests used to dance or run about their Altars beginning first at the left hand to shew the motion of the Zodiack which is from the West called by Astronomers the left part of the world then they danced beginning at the right hand to shew the motion of the first sphear which is from East to West Their bloody sacrifices were called impure but Frankincense Myrth and such like were named by them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pure offerings The flesh of the Victims were called Theothyta but by the Christian Doctors Idolothyra They that gathered
looking forward and two backward in his right hand it held a horn which the Priest every yeer sprinkled with Wine in the left hand a Bow this also seems to be Mars The Sclavi adored an Idol standing on a Pillar with a Plough-share in one hand a Lance and Banner in the other his head was beset with Garlands his leggs were Booted and at one of his heels a bell did hang. Some of them did worship an Idol on whose brest was a Target in which was ingraven an Oxe head It had a Pole-Axe in its hand and a little Bird sitting on its head All these may seem to represent Mars The Moscovites and Russians adored an Idol called Perun in the shape of a man holding a burning stone in his hand resembling Thunder a fire of Oken wood was continually maintained burning to the honour of this Idol it was death for the Ministeres if they suffered this fire to go out It seems this was Iupiters Image The Stetinians in Pomerania worshipped a three-headed Idol and used to ask Oracles or advice of a black horse the charge of which was committed to one of the Priests In the countries about Moscovia they worship an idol called Zolota Baba the golden Hag. It is a Statue like an old woman holding an infant in her bosome and neer to her stands another infant To this Idol they offer the richest Sabel skins they have They sacrifice Stags to her with the blood whereof they annoint her face eyes and her other parts The beasts entrails are devoured raw by the Prlests With this idol they use to consult in their doubts and dangers Q. What Religion did the Scythians Getes Thracians Cymbrians Goths Lucitanians other Europeans profess A. The same Gentilisme with the rest adoring Idols of stocks and stones in stead of the true God or rather they worshipped the Devil as appears by their inhumane humane sacrifices The Scythians used to sacrifice every hundreth captive to Mars So did the Thracians thinking there was no other means to pacifie that angry and butcherly god but by murthering of men Of the same opinion were the old Germans who sacrificed men to Mercury The Cymbrians or Cymmerians by their women Priests used to murther and sacrifice men These she-devils girt with brasse girdles and in a white surplice used to cut the throats of the captives to rip up their bowels and by inspection to foretel the event of the war and withal to make drums of their skins The Goths did not think they pleased the Devil sufficiently except first they had tormented the poor captive by hanging him upon a tree and then by tearing him in pieces among brambles and thorns These Goths or Getes believed that the dead went into a pleasant place where their God Tamolxius ruled to him they used still to send a Messenger chosen out among themselves by lot who in a boat of five Oars went to supplicate for such things as they wanted Their manner of sending him was thus They took him hand and foot and flung him upon the points of sharp pikes if he fell down dead they concluded that the god was well pleased with that messenger if otherwise they rejected him as an unworthy messenger therefore they chose another to whom they gave instructions before he died what he should say to their god and so having slain him upon their pikes committed the dead body in the boat to the mercy of the sea The Lithuanians used to burn their chief captives to their gods The Lusitanians ripped open the bowels of their captives in their divinations and presented their right hands being cut off to their gods The Sclavi worshipped an idol called Suantovitus whose Priest the day before he sacrificeth makes clean the Chappel which none must enter but he alone and whilest he is in it he must not draw his breath but hold his head out of the window least with his mortal breath he should pollute the Idol The next day the people watching without the Chappel door view the Idols cup if they find any of the liquor which was put there wasted they conclude the next years scarcity but other wise they hope for plenty and so they fill the cup again and pray to the Idol for victory and plenty then pouring out old wine at the idols feet and offering to him a great cake they spend the rest of the day in gormandising It is held a sin and a dishonour to the idol not to be drunk then Every one payeth a piece of money to the idols maintenance to which also is paid the third part of all bâ—oties taken in the war To this purpose the idol maintained three hundred horse whom the Priest payed being the Idols treasurer In Lituania Russia and the adjacent places the Rusticks offer a yearly sacrifice of Calves Hogs Sowes Cocks and Hens about the end of October when their fruits are all gathered in to their idol Ziemiennick they beat all these creatures to death then offer them with prayers and thanksgiving which done they fall to eating and drinking flinging first pieces of flesh into every corner of the house Q. What did the Lithuanians Polonians Hungarians Samogetians and their neighbours professe A. Their chief god was the Sun They worshipped also the Fire which they continually maintained by Priests chosen for that purpose They ascribed also Divinity and worship to trees and the taller the tree was the more adoration it had When Christianity began to be preached among the Lithuanians and were exhorted to cut their trees none would venture to touch these gods till the preacheâ—s encouraged them by their example but when they saw the trees cut down they began to lament the losse of their gods and complained to their Prince of the wrong done to them by the Christians whereupon the Preachers were commanded presently to abandon the country and so these dogs returned to their vomit They adored also Serpents which they entertained in their houses and used by their Priests to ask Oracles or advice of the fire concerning their friends when they fell sick if they should recover health again The same Idolatry was used by the Polonians or Sarmatians The Hungarians or Pannonians did not onely worship the Sun Moon and Stars but also every thing they first met with in the morning Most part of Livonia is yet idolatrous worshipping the Planets and observe the heathenish customes in their burials and marriages In Samogethia a country bordering on Prussia Livonia and Lithuania they worshipped for their chief god the Fire which their Priests continually maintained within a Tower on the top of an high hill till Vladislaus King of Poland beat down the Tower and put out the fire and withal caused their Groves to be cut down which they held sacred with the Birds beasts and every thing in them They burn the bodies of their chief friends with their horses furniture and best cloaths and withal set down victuals by
minde but Secundus said they were true Essences subsisting by themselves He added also light and darknesse to the eight principal Aeones and so made up ten To Secundus succeeded Ptolomaeus in Valentinus his School He gave to Bathos or Profundity two Wives to wit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Cogitation and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Will. By the former Wife Bythus he procreated 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Minde and by the other he begot 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Truth Ptâ—lomaeus also slighted the old Law Q. 11. Of what opinions were the Marcites Colarbaâ—â— and Heracleonites A. Marcus was a notable Magician who lived under Antoninus Pius about 115. years after Christ. His Scholars called themselves Perfect and bragged that they were more excellent then Peter or Paul They denyed Christ humanity the resurrection of the flesh They held two contrary beginnings or Gods to wit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Silence and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Speech From these the Marcionites and Manichees borrowed their two principles They retained their Aeones of Valentinus but reduced them to four to wit Silence Speech and two unnamed so in stead of the Christian Trinity they held a Quaternity They taught that all men and every member in mans body were subject to and governed by certain letters and characters They baptized not in the name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost but in the name of the Father unknown of Truth the Mother of all and of him who descended upon Jesus By Magical words they bragged that they could turn the Sacramental Wine into blood and bring downe the grace of God from Heaven into the chalice The Colarbasians so called from Colarbas or Colarbasus the author of that Sect ascribed the life actions and eventâ— of man and all humane affairs to the seven Planets as authors thereof They held also but one Person in the Deity called by different names They divide Jesus from Christ as the Nestorians afterward and taught that Christ was as a flower compacted and made up of the 30. Aeones Heracleon Father of the Heracleonites lived about 110. years after Christ. These divided the Aeones into good and bad and held two beginnings to wit Profundity and Silence Profundity they held to be the most ancient of all and that of this with Silence all the other Aeones were procreated They said that man consisted of a soul body and some third substance they held it no sin to deny Christ in danger of life with the mouth if so be the heart believed in him They used in their prayeâ—s Superstitious and Magical words to drive away Devils And they thought by anointing their dead with Water Oyl and Balsame to free them from eternal death Q. 12. Of what Religion were the Ophites Cainites and Sethites A. These were called also Ophei and Ophiomorphi from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Serpent which they worshipped This Sect began about the year of Christ 132. They taught that Christ was the Serpent which deceived Eve and that he in the form of a Serpent entred the Virgins Womb. In the Eucharist they used to produce a Serpent by inchanting words out of his hole or rather box in which they carried him about neither did they think that the Sacramental bread was consecrated till that Serpent had first touched it or tasted thereof they denyed also the Resurrection of the flesh and Christs incarnation The Caini were so called because they worshipped Cain as the author of much goodnesse to mankind so they worshipped Esau Core Dathan Abiram and Iudas who betrayed Christ saying that he foreknew what happinesse should come to mankind by Christs death therefore he betrayed him Some of this Sect were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is resisters of God for they opposed him what they could in his Laws therefore rejected the Law of Moses as evil and worshipped the wicked Angels whom they pleased by their evil actions they taught also that we were evil by nature and that the creator of the world was an unknown God and envious to Cain Esau and Iudas The Sethites so called frâ—m Seth Adams Son whom they worshipped lived most in Egypt About the same time that the Cainites florished They thought that Seth was born of a superiour Vertue which they called Mother She of the chief God brought forth Seth the Father of all the Elect So they make Seth a part of the Divine substance who came in place of Abel who by the envy of some Angels stirring up Cain against him was slain They prate also that by the cunning of some Angels some of Cains posterity were preserved in the Ark from the flood which was sent by this great Mother to punish the Cainites for the murthering of Abel Of this posterity of Cain proceed all wicked men They denied the Resurrection and held that the Angels had carnal commerce with women and of this copulation two men were produced the one Earthly the other Heavenly being an Hermaphrodite who was created to Gods image who as they blasphemously taught is an Hermaphrodite and so Adam also They make Christ who was born of the Virgin to be no other then Seth. Q. 13. What Religion did the Archonticks professe and the Ascothypâ—ae A. These were the last of the Valentinian Hereticks caâ—â—ed Archontici from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Principalities these they worshipped as inferior gods Father of the Angels and creators of the world of Photenia the Mother were the Angels begot by these Archontes One Peter an Anachorit and a Monk of Palestina was author of this Sect in the time of Constantius the Son of Constantine about the year of Christ 308. These spawned anothed Sect which they called Ascothyptas because they brake in pieces all the Plate and Vessels used in the Sacrament for they rejected the Sacraments of the Church They despised good works and gave themselves to all uncleannesse and slighted the Old Testament denied the Resurrection and Sacraments as is said thinking it unlawful to represent Spiritual and Heavenly things by corporal and earthly They thought that the Devil begot Cain and Abel of Eve both these sons were Reprobates And that a man who hath knowledge and saith may be saved let his life be never so Vitious and that the devil was the Son of the Jewish but not of the Christian God They also affixed to each Heaven or Sphere an angel as the Peripateâ—icks did an Intelligence Q. 14. What was the Religion of Cerdon and Marcion A. Cerdon lived about the time of Valentinus the Heretick under Antoninus Pius Emperor 110 yeers after Christ he taught that there were two contrary gods the one a god of mercy and pitty the other of justice and severity whom he called evil cruel and the maker of the world The former God he called good and the
Bishops jurisdiction by Pope Calixtâ—â— the second in the Counsil of Rhemes Anno 1119. and from Tythes by Pope Alexander the third It was excommunication to lay violent hands on any Templar At last this order with their pride and luxury became so odious that having continued 200. years they were utterly rooted out of France by King Philip the faire and likewise out of other Kingdoms by the instigation of Pope Clement 5. In france they were put to death and their estates confiscated to the Pope and King But in Germany their lives were spared and their estates bestowed on the Hospitalers and the Teutonick Knights of Saint Mary Some think they were put to death for worshipping Images covered with mens skins for sacrificing men for burning a Child begot of a Templar and a Nun with the fat of which Child they anointed their Image and for divers other crimes yet doubtfull whether true or false Q. 9. What were the Teutonici or Mariani A. These were a mixt Order of Iohannites and Templars for they both used hospitality to Pilgrims and defended them in the High-ways from Robberi They were called Teutonici from their Country for they were Germans that undertook this Order who living in Ierusalem bestowed all their wealth on the maintenance of Pilgrims and by the Patriarchs leave assigned to them our Ladies Chappel from this Chappel of Saint Mary they were named Mariani The chief promoters of this order were the Lubikers and Bremers with Adolphus Earl of Holstein who with a Fleet of Ships assisted the Christians besieging Ptolemais and provided Tents with all necessaries for the sick and maimed Souldiers This order was erected before Accona or Prolemais by the King of Ierusalem the Patriarch divers Arch-Bishops Bishops and Princes of Germany then present and was confirmed by the Emperor Henry the sixth and Pope Calâ—stâ—ine the third who assigned them a white cloak with a black crosse and added a white target with a black crosse also and gave them leave to wear their beards and granted indulgences with other acts of graces to those that should undertake or promote the order they had power to bestow Knight-hood on such as deserved and are enjoyned to follow the rule of Saint Austin But none must be admitted into this order except he be a Teutonick born and nobly descended Their charge was to be ready on all occasions to oppose the enemies of the crosse and are tied to say 200. Pater-Nosters Creeds and Ave Maâ—ies in 24. hours When the holy land was lost these Knights came into Germany on whom the Pope and Emperor Frederick the second Anno 1226. bestowed the Country of Prussia conditionally that they subdue the Infidels there which they did in the space of 53. years and so got the full possession thereof Upon the River Vistula where they had raised a Fort against the enemy they built their chief City and called it Marieâ—burg they set up three great Masters the one in Germany the second in Livâ—nia and the third in Prâ—ssia this was over the other two they aided the Pâ—â—â—rians against the Lituanians much of whose Country they subdued which caused great Wars between these Teutonicks and the Polonians after that Poland and Lituaniâ— were united under own Prince After many bickrings at last the Polonian forced the great Master to swear-seaâ—ty to him to admit into his order as well Polonians as Germans and make them capable of offices that what land soever the Teutonicks obtain they should hold the same in â—ee of the King This occasioned a War between Albert Marquesse of Brandeburg and the Polander King Sigismund to whom for want of help from the Emperor being then imployed in Wars against France and the Turk in Hungary he was fain to submit and to acknowledge the King for his Lord. Then he obtaines Prussia but changed his title from Master to Duke of Prussia An. 1393. Venceslaus King of the Romans and Bohemians drove all the Teutonick Knights out of Bohemia and seised on their estates The Knights are thus installed The Commendator placeth him that is to be Knighted in the midst of the Knights then asketh every one of them if they find any exception against him either for his body mind or parentage the same is demanded of the party to be Knighted and withall if he be skilful in any usefull Art if in debt if married or if he have any bodily infirmity if he hath he must not enter into that order then he is commanded to kneel and by laying his hand on the Gospel and rule of the order to vow and promise obedience chastity poverty care of the sick and perpetual War with the Infidels which done the Commendator promiseth to him sufficient bread and water and course cloth for his life-time then he riseth and having kissed the Master and each one of the Brothers he sitteth down in the place appointed for him Then the Master or Commendator exhorts the brothers to observe their rule carefully after this he is inaugurated his kindred attend on him to the Church with a Torch burning before him in which are fastned 30. pieces of silver and a Gold-Ring Then he kneels before the Altar and riseth again behinde the offertory and so are delivered to him a Sword Target Spurs and a Cloak which were all consecrated before then the Commendator draweth his Sword with which he is girt and with it strikes his Target twise saying Knighthood is better then service and with the same Sword striking him on the back saith Take this blow patiently but no more hereafter then the Responsory being sung the rest of the day is spent in feasting and drinking Q. 10. What were the Knights of Saint Lazarus of Calatrava of Saint James and divers others A. The order of Saint Lazarus was instituted about the year of Christ 1119. and being almost extinct was renewed by Pope Pius 4. they wear a dark-coloured garment with a red Crosse before their breast This order is highly esteemed by the Dukes of Savoy who also were instituted the Knights of the Annunciada in memory of the Anunciation of Mary he ordained fourteen of the prime Nobility to be of this Colledge on each of whom he bestowed a Golden Collar with the Virgins Picture hanging at it within the Links of the Collar are engraven these four Letters F. E. R. T. which was the Motto of Amadeus the great who took Rhodes The meaning is Fortitudo Ejus Rhodum Tenuit the annual solemnity is held on our Lady-day in the Castle of Saint Peter in Turin But this is scarce to be reckoned among the Religious Orders The Knights of Calatrava are so called from that Province in Spain they were instituted Anno 1121. or as some say 1160. by Sanctius others write by Alphonsus King of Spain in the Country of Toledo where the Templars had a Monastery who not being able to resist the Saracens were forced to give place to these new Knights
Christians Whether to be permitted amongst Christians to exercise their own Religion Wherein Christians are not to communicate with Iews Iews spend eight days in their Easter sâ—lemnities Their Pentecost Their feast of Tabernacles Their new Moons Fast in August Their solemnities in beginning the new year Their preparation for morning prayer Their feast of Reconciliation and Ceremonies therein Their Rites after the Law is read over Church Offices sold among the Iews Their feast of Dedication Their feast of Purim Their fasts Their Marriages Their Bills of Divorce Their separation of the wife from the deceased Husbands brother Their circumcision and Rites thereof How they redeem their first born Their duty to the sick Their Ceremonies about the dead Babylonians their ancient Religion The making worshipping of Images and bringing in Idolatry The Gentiles Idols were dead men Hierapolis the Religion thereof Gods of the Syrians Phoeâ—icians Their Religion and Discipline Arabians theiâ— Religion and Discipline Persians their ancient Religion Scythians their old Religion Tartars their old Religion Pagans their knowledge of the Creation Tartars their diversities of Religion Religions of the Northern countries neer the Pole Three wayes whereby Satan deludes men by false miracles The fear of Satans stratagems though illusions whence it proceeds Our duty respecting the many stratagems and illusions of Satan Chinois their Religion Indians their Ancient religion Siam its religion Pegu its Religion Bengala and its Religion Magor and its Religion Cambaia and its religion Goa the religion thereof Malabar its religion Pagans though Idolatrous believe the immortality of the soule Narsinga and Bisnagar its Religion Japon its religion Philippinae their religions Sumatra and Zeilan their Religions Egyptians their ancient Religion Egyptian Idolatry continuance thereof Egypt its modern religions Africans their Religion Fez the Religion and Church discipline thereof Their times of prayer Morocco its Religion Guinea its Religion Aethiopians of Africa their ancient Religion Their Religion at this day The lower Aethiopians their Religion Angola its Religion Congo its religion The Religion its Northern Neighbours African Islands their religions America the Religion thereof Virginia its Religion Florida its Religion Religions of the nations by west Virginia and Florida New Spain itâ— Religion Idolaters their cruelty and cost in their barbarous sacrifices Persius his notable saying Mexico its Priests and Sacrifices Americans acknowledge a Supreme God a Trinity the immortality of souls a life after this and have some tradition of Noahs flood New Spain its festival days Jucatan its religion and parts adjoyning Southern America the Religion thereof Paria Guiana and Debaiba their Religions Brasil its Religion Peru its Religion Peruviant their Festival days Peruvians their Belief of the departed souls Americans their superstitious feare aud Tyranny thereof Hispaniola its Religion Idolatry further condemned Europeans Greekes and Romans their Religions Romans their old Religion See Alexanâ— ab Alexandro Plutarch Pliâ— Cicero Gelâ—â— Fenestella Lâ—tus Their chief Festivals See Plutarch Alex. ab Alexandro Ioseph Scaliger Rosinus and others Their chiefgods But one God acknowâ—edged by the wiser sort of Gentiles Of these see Augustine in the City of God Lactantius Cicero Plutarch Rosinus and others Their Priests Of these seeâ— the aforenamed Authors Romans their Sacrifices Of these particulars see Servius on Virgil Rosinus Alexâ—â— ab Alex. and the Latine Poets Their marriage Rites See Scâ—liger de re Poetica Alex. ab Alex. Rosinus Servius Del-Rio in Senecam c. Their Funeral Rites Of these and other customs see Virgil. and Servius on him Kirchmannus also Rosinus Rhodiginus Alex. ab Alex. Gyraldus and others Burial of the dead an act of justice and mercy Aen. l. 9. Aen. lib. 10. Greeks and Gentiles their Religion and gods See the Greek Poets and their Interpreters Of these see the Greek and Latine Poets Greeks their gods how worshipped and painted See Pausanias Capella Boccatins c. See Cartarius Martianus Capella Scaliger Spondanus c. But see the Mytbologists and what we have written in Mystag Poetice Moon how worshipped Earth and fire how worshipped See the Mythologists Sea how worshipped Of all these we have spoken fully in Mystagogo poetico Death how worshipped Of these things see more in Mystag Poetic Greeks their Sacrificing See Suidas Eustathius Rhodiginus Athenaeus c. Their Priests and Temples But of theâ—â— passages 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 on Aristophâ—â— Suidas 〈◊〉 Virgil Cerda on Tertullian Rhodiginus Turneâ—us and others Germans Gauls and Brittains their Religions See Tacitus Cesars Commentaries Camden and others Old Saxons worshipped their gods under divers shapes and forms Danes Swedes Moscovites and their neighbours their Religions See Saxo Grammaticus Cranzius on Vandalia Olaus Guaguin and other Historians Scythians Getes Thracians Cymbrians Goths c their Religions See Olaus Magnus Saxo Guaguinus Ioâ—annes Magâ—â—s Aventinus c. Lithuanians Polonians Hungarians c. Their Religions See Olaus Munster in his Geography and others Gods of the Gentils Of these see Austin Lactantius Tertullian Plutarch Arnobius Eusebius c. How Ranked and Armed Of these see the Poets and their Commentators Their Chariots how drawn In Myst. Poet. In what peculiar places worshipped Greeks their chiefe Festivals Of these see Suidas Athenaeus Rhodiginus Gyraldus Hesychius â—ertullian Austin Plutarch Iuâ— Pollux the Scholiast of Aristophanes Meursius and others Mahumetans their Religion See Lanicerus and others Their Law Their opinions Mahomet not that great Antichrist spoken of by Saint Paul and Saint John Their Sects See Borrius Lanicerus Knolles Camerarius Iovius c. Mahumetans their religious orders See Menavino Nicholaus Nicholai Septemcastrensis c. See Georgiovitz Septemcastrensis Busbequius and others Their secular Priests See Cuspinian Knolles c. Their devotion See Georgiovitz Knolles Purchaâ— c. Their Pilgrimage to Mecca See Vertoman Lanicerus and others Their Circumcision See Georgiovitz and others Their Rites about the sick and dead See Menavino Bellonius c. Their Superstition how far spread Mahumetanism of what continuance Christianity its beginning Yeelds to Mahumetanism Religion by what Engines battered Hereticks and Heresies namely Simon Magus Menander Saturninus Basilides See Austin Irenaeus and Epiphanius upon this subject in their Books they wrote against Heresies Trinity denied by Simon Magus and his Scholars with others besides Iewes and Mahumetans and why See Irenaeus Austin Theodoret Tertullian Epiphanius c. Nicholatians Gnosticks See Irenaeus Tertullian Austin Theodoret c. Carpocrates See the authors above named Eusebius also and Clemens Alexandrinus Cerinthus Ebionites Nazarites See Epiphanius Eusebius Austin c. Valentinians Secundians Ptolomeans See Irenaeus Epiphanius Austin with his Commentator Danaeus c. Marcites Colarbasians Heracleonites See Tertullian Itenaeus Epiphanius Austin c. Ophites Cainites Sethites See the above named Authâ—â—s Archonticks Ascothyptaâ— See Austin Theodoret Isidorus c. Cerdon Marcion See Epiphanius Eusebius Austin Theodoret c. Apelles Tatianus See Irenaeus Tertullian Eusebius Austin Theodoret Epiphanius c. Cataphrygians See Epiphanius Eusebius Austin Theodoret Isidor