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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	woman_n	work_n	year_n	39	3	3.8581	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16309	Nero Cæsar, or Monarchie depraued An historicall worke. Dedicated, with leaue, to the Duke of Buckingham, Lord Admirall. By the translator of Lucius Florus.	Bolton, Edmund, 1575?-1633?; Delaram, Francis, 1589 or 90-1627, engraver.	1624 (1624)	STC 3221; ESTC S107099	147,362	336

NERO CAESAR or Monarchie depraued An Historical work Dedicated wth leaue To the Duke of BVCKiNGhAM lord Admiral A.D. MDCXXiii NERO CAESAR OR MONARCHIE DEPRAVED AN HISTORICALL WORKE Dedicated with leaue to the DVKE of BVCKINGHAM LORD ADMIRALL By the Translator of LVCIVS FLORVS LONDON Printed by T. S. for Thomas Walkley at Britaines Bursse 1624. SENECA AD NERONEM Apud CORNELIVM TACITVM Annal. XIV Ego quid aliud MVNIFICENTIae adhibere potui quàm STVDIA vt sic dixerim in VMBRA educata è quibus CLARITVDO veuit TO MY LORD THE DVKE OF BVCKINGHAM LORD ADMIRALL Most noble my gracious Lôrd THe Office of an Historian is not more worthie then it is hard But the hardnesse as it riseth from the greater necessity of truth then of eloquence is recompensed with an aduantage aboue all other sorts of humane learning For each of those is but for certain natures whereas History is a common study for all The nobility of the guift for it is a guift from heauen and a great one is manifest by the excellencies of persons who haue laboured therein Saints Emperours Kings Gown-men Sword-men and whatsoeuer else is best or for the best The difficulties grow out of the abstruse condition of causes counsels facts and their circumstances And howsoeuer lights may faile yet truth is the supreame aime of euery right narrationer In this historicall work of NERO CaeSAR I haue so regarded veritie that in the same alone I haue placed my whole dignitie CHAP. XIII NERO'S munificences and liberalities CHAP. XIIII OF OCTAVIA NERO'S first wife and of some other women within his first fiue yeeres CHAP. XV. THe death of AGRIPPINA AVGVSTA § I. The causes for which NERO resolued to destroy Agrippina his owne mother Page 24. § II. Meanes thought and agreed vpon for the secret destruction of AGRIPPINA Page 26. § III. The time and place for execution of the deed with a partil description of the trap-galley Page 28. § IIII. AGRIPPINA feasted by NERO at BAIAE and put aboord the trap-galley vpon her returne Pag. 31. § V. The trap in the galley miscarrying AGRIPPINA regaines the shore her two chief attendants diuerslie slaine Pag. 34. § VI. Doubts touching AGRIPPINA'S escape not to bee cleared out of TACITVS SVETONIVS or DIO attempted to bee cleared otherwise Pag. 36. § VII NERO after the newes of Agrippina's escape giues present order for her death in hope to make it seeme her proper act Pag. 38. § VIII The manner of Agrippina's murther exactlie described Pag. 39. § IX NERO'S behauiour and words in priuate vpon the view of Agrippina's corse where the same of their incest is likewise scanned Pag. 43. § X. A short speculation touching Agrippina's pedigree and death Pag. 46. § XI The peoples inward iudgement of NERO'S heinous fact against his mother in what sort outwardly exprest Pag. 48. § XII Of Agrippina's colonie and commentaries and of her buriall Pag. 49. CHAP. XVI AN eclipse of the Sunne and the day of Agrippina's death obserued CHAP. XVII NERO'S part after his mothers end towards the cloze of his first fiue yeeres CHAP. XVIII COnsiderations touching the premisses and common-weale CHAP. XIX THe ghoste of Agrippina and other apparitions afflicting Nero. CHAP. XX. OF the fiue yearlie Playes and Prizes instituted at Rome by Nero and of his studies CHAP. XXI OF the Counsel of Historie for the worser part of Nero's reigne after his first Quinquennium CHAP. XXII AN addresse of speech to my Lord touching that which followes in Nero's reigne CHAP. XXIII THe principall wonder of Nero's time and of Princedoome THE END OF THE FIRST FIVE yeares of NERO his most commended time CHAP. XXIIII THe reuolt in BRITAINE and other troubles of warre § I. An introductorie summe of affaires in Britain from the Romans first entrance vnder Iulius Caesar till the present reuolt vnder Nero. Pag. 72. § II. The Britanns at bloudie oddes among themselues vpon Iulius Caesars inuasion Pag. 74. § III. The effects of Caesars two inuasions and of his finall returne out of Britain Pag. 75. § IIII. The Britanns and the things of Britain a part of Caesars triumph ouer the Galles Pag. 78. § V. Of the Britanns and the British chariot of Maecenas vnder Augustus Pag. 79. § VI. Of the peace of Britain and of other rarest matters there vnder Tiberius Pag. 81. § VII Britain menaced by Caligula A touch of his follies and tower Pag. 83. § VIII The conquest of Britain vnder Claudius Caesar. A rare coigne of his concerning the state thereof Pag. 85. CHAP. XXV THe intermitted narration of the reuolt of Britain vnder Nero prosecuted § I. The title of the Romans to their conquests Pag. 91. § II. The estate of the Roman-Britanns immediately before the reuolt Pag. 92. § III. The causes of the grand reuolt Boadicia's quarell the chiefe Pag. 97. § IIII. The person and qualitie of Boadicia the warlick widow curiously described Pag. 101. § V. Of Suetonius Paullinus Nero's lieutenant generall in Britaine and of his designe against Anglesey Pag. 102. § VI. Suetonius being absent vpon the conquest of Anglesey what Roman forces and friends resided behind for a stay and where Pag. 104. § VII Maine obseruations touching Cogidunus a king at this time in Britain Pag. 106. § VIII Boadicia and the Britanns meet in great secrecie and resolue to rise in armes Pag. 109. § IX The Druids of Britain parties in this grand reuolt Pag. 110. § X. Wonders fore-show the ouer-hanging euils Pag. 112. § XI Boadicia's musters and attire and of the place of the rendeuous Pag. 113. § XII Boadicia's oration to her armie affording a most forceable poinct to inflame the Britanns by opposing their manners to the Romans Pag. 115. § XIII The motions and actions of this mightie bodie of rebellion And first concerning the Roman colonie at Camalodunum and the castles on the borders Pag. 119. § XIIII The Roman colonie at Camalodunum destroid by Boadicia Pag. 122. § XV. Petilius Cerealis comming tardie to the rescue is encountred vpon the way by Boadicia and put to flight Pag. 125. § XVI Catus Decianus Nero's procurator leaues Britain without leaue Pag. 127. § XVII Suetonius Paullinus vpon the newes of Boadicia's rebellion came in hast from Mona to London Pag. 129. § XVIII Of Nero's London before Suetonius Paullinus was driuen by Boadicia to abandon it and first whither it were once a Roman colonie or no. Pag. 131. § XIX The qualitie and estate of London immediately before the burning Pag. 132. § XX. NERO'S lieutenant in Britain abandons London to the rebells Pag. 139. § XXI London entred sackt and set on fire by Boadicia Pag. 144. § XXII Verulam sackt and destroid by Boadicia An essentiall difference between the persons of a Municipium and a Colonie Pag. 148. § XXIII The most sauage behauiour of the Boadicians in the vse of their victories throughout Pag. 151. § XXIIII The course which Suetonius Paullinus held in his retreat from London and of

to be trussed into such a male with a cocke a dogge and a viper and so to be thrown all foure together quicke into Tiber. Another exposed an infant in the market-place with a scroll about the necke like the mott of an heroicall deuice or instructiue morrall which sayd thus much that the parent would not foster it for feare it should kill the mother And when his other euill deserts were come to such a swolne excesse that the people forlornly bemoaned the fortune of their cittie as if the time were at that instant come in which it was to be desolated according to certaine blinde prophesies which being masked vnder the venerable title of the Sybils though euen the verses themselues pointed expressely to the nine hundredth yeare from ROME built which was aboue fourescore yeares off NERO proclaimed that in the Sibylls oracles there was no such line therefore it was a bastard then they as if sorrow had inspired them vniuersally celebrated another verse as truly one of Sibylls nor any one of hers proued truer the fatall argument whereof was this That the last of AENEAS line to reigne in ROME should bee his mothers murtherer §. XII Of Agrippina's colonie and commentaries and of her buriall ANd though shee was in all other respects most vnfortunate yet in one point shee sacrificed luckely to felicitie For it was her act during her ful-saild fortunes to deduce a colonie of ROMAN Citizens to plant them among the VBII vpon the RHENE which beeing called of her name The colonie of AGRIPPINA because it was her birth-place while her father GERMANICVS serued in those parts General of the ROMAN armies doth at this day freshly florish the chaire and princely seat of the principal clergieman in GERMANIE and first elector As for her learned commentaries which shee left written touching the fortunes of her house they are almost vtterly lost sauing only as PLINIE the older and CORNELIVS TACITVS haue cited out of them a fragment or two which are their only remaines our misfortune more then hers for any thing knowne to mee to the contrarie The very same night of her murther such was the odious haste shee was laid forth on a banqueting bed and funerally burned without other herse or greater solemnitie So the old text of the twelue tables wherein it was commanded that no man should plaine or polish the wood vsed for the burning of bodies seemes not in her case infringed Neither during all NERO'S dayes was the earth which had beene broken-vp to make her funeral fire-pitt cast in againe or the ground it selfe either raild about or otherwise enclozed After his death her houshold-people bestowed a simple sepulcher vpon her in the place where TACITVS hath described it neare the way to MISENVM and the high-seated house of the dictator CAESAR ouer-looking the bay of BAIAE That very sepulcher at this day extant and called AGRIPPINA'S is figured on the roofe and sides with sphinxes and griphons but greatly sullied with the smoake of torches and lights borne in by such as enter GEORGE SANDYS as an eye-witnesse testifies it in his generous trauails Those figures seeme to haue beene the badges or symbols of her ancestrie For AVGVSTVS CAESAR saith PLINIE SVETONIVS vsed the sphinx in his signet or seale of armes and ANTONIVS AVGVSTINVS whom some haue styled the prince of antiquaries hath published out of his treasurie a coigne with a sphinx as one of that emperours coigns who was her maternall ancestor To declare what the griphons signifie some OEDIPVS or oracle must be found vnlesse perhaps they were the tesseras or tokens of honor belonging to the CLAVDII her paternal progenitours as the sphinxes were of her mothers kindered If any would rather haue them stand for AGRIPPINAS inuectiues against POPPAEA SABINA as a most faire but a most cruel beast and against NERO himselfe as a most griping biformed monster or to lock vp vnder them some other allusiue or moral sense I will not dispute the matter The Sunne to vvhom they vvere antiently sacred must giue that more certaine light My first diuination pleaseth my selfe best as that which I repute most probable And here the marueilous storie of AGRIPPINA AVGVSTA endeth which I haue with alike faithfulnesse as care drawne out of the most authenticke testimonies and the clearest lights which the reason and nature of the things themselues would eliciently beare CAAP. XVI AN ECLIPSE OF THE SVNNE AND THE DAY OF AGRIPPANA'S DEATH OBSERVED THis hapned when VIPSANIVS and FONTEIVS were Consuls in the very yeare of that grand eclypse of the Sunne which XIPHILINE saith was such that the very starres of heauen appeared That solemne feast QVINQVATRVS in honor of MINERVA to the celebration whereof she was most officiously inuited by her sonne with purpose to haue her dispatched out of the world was vpon the fifth day after the Ides of March including the Ides according to the Gruterian Fragments of ROMAN inscriptions her plotted shipwracke was vpon the very night of that feast Her tragadie therefore by this computation fell vpon the twentieth of March but constituting the QVINQVATRVS as some more warrantablie doe vpon the thirteenth Kalends of Aprill it was then the one and twentieth of March. A greater argument of diuine wakings ouer the doings of men that afterwards vpon the very same day of the month vpon which this mighty empresse perished the newes of the reuolt of GALLIA which drew on NERO'S destruction came first of all to NERO'S knowledge This eclipse and other signes all of them declarations of a iust offence taken in heauen at a fact which far outwent all aërie monsters common prodigies gaue occasion to noble TACITVS to breake forth into anger at the long patience of his Gods who sufferd NERO to continue in life and villanie rather showing therein his sense of the indignitie then to insinuate a carelesnesse in powers diuine Howbeit his words sound not well and LIPSIVS aswell as SAVILE notes to vs an Epicurean faith in them Otherwise what are a few yeares permitted to malefactors for repentance or to render them inexcusable at the iudgement-day compared to that eternitie which shall punish them Nor could gods forbearance of NERO seeme too long for a thousand yeares are short the vengeance which ouertooke him late to TACITVS ouertooke him soone to the truth the weight of the vengeance considered When the senate and people sacrificed at his comming to ROME for ioy of his preseruation for that was the name which office found out to diuert the note of crime that grand eclips of the Sunne seene saith PLINIE in ITALIE betweene seauen eight in ARMENIA betweene ten and eleuen shewed an horrour at their offerings Nor that the vnaptest diuination for neuer were men so sould ouer to basenesse of flatterie and irreligious simulations as at this time they to content assure their NERO. XIPHILINE out of DIO befriends the Sunne in saying the whole face of his light was darkened

in that obscuration which IOSEPH SCALIGER and reason denies for that part was vnhappie which was vnhidden nor did this actuall eclipse portend these deeds but mourne their doings for it hapned according to MARCIANVS vpon the eleuenth Kalends of May or the one and twentieth day of April the very month-day it selfe after AGRIPPINA'S death The constant rule which foreshowes eclipses led the learned to expect some dismal euent none more vnnaturall then this mother-slaughter Hee was then in the fifth yeare of his empire and so far within the fifth as from within October till the aforesaid day of March. CHAP. XVII NERO'S PART AFTER HIS MOTHERS END TOVVARDS THE CLOZE OF HIS FIRST FIVE YEARES BVt the crime of NERO did not determine in the killing of her For the charging her as with highest treason when shee was dead and her life being taken away without defense or notice vpon that supposition by the prōpter authoritie of SENECA then of BVRRHVS added calumniation to paricide Though this vvas no improbable rumor considering both her minde and her menaces But SENECA from the very first entrance of NERO strongly concurred to barre her from svvaying in empire and it vvas hee and his partie in court vvhich first outed PALLAS her principall instrument and finally eiected her And therein hee was not thought to haue deserued amisse of mankinde or of the ROMAN name her nature being bloudy fierie and busie as altogether became the roote of such an of-spring But the fact once committed and a wide passage set open for the introduction of his dearest POPPAEA through the deadly wounds of AGRIPPINA there rose a new care how to satisfie the world A knot more hard to vntye then the vnstringing of her life At the last yet among all the salues and remedies thought vpon in a case so scandalous a letter was diuised by SENECA in NERO'S name to the conscript Fathers wherein with much preface of sorrow hauing declared his owne certaine danger and the wonder of his narrow escape from being murthered by her procurement hee also vsed these passionate words as QVINCTILIAN cites them I do not as yet either beleeue I am safe or care whether I am or no. As if saith TACITVS probably reflecting vpon the same sentence the man had been angry that himselfe had not rather perished And though it was held a meere dissimulation yet could hee say no lesse nature might returne with such a compungent quicknes after his minde grew clearer which alwayes happens that not only the sense of those words but his weepings for her might be also true His gripes in conscience and affrights in his senses are euery-where confest The successe of NERO'S epistle left a grieuous taxation vpon the secretarie who endited it because while hee went about to show the reason and necessitie of the fact hee confessed the doing which was contrary to the resolution in counsell certainely to the intended qualitie of the fame for that saith SVETONIVS was diuulged as if she had voluntarely slaine her selfe to auoid an open condemnation CHAP. XVIII CONSIDERATIONS TOVCHING THE PREMISSES AND COMMONVVEALE THese two terrible examples in the persons of BRITANNICVS and AGRIPPINA gaue all the world to vnderstand that there was now no hold nor assurance in his nature for any dearenesse or title which could afford defense either against his feare or hate And while the factions of a diuided palace countermined each the other POPPAEA growing no lesse pernicious then AGRIPPINA had beene turbulent NERO got loose from all the modest tyes of his breeding SENECA found his authoritie shaken at the very bottome For without a woman there was no paramount working with NERO after once hee turn'd absolute as now hee beganne to doe Therefore though SENECA was able by obsequious ACTE to plucke him from his mothers dire embraces hee could not vse the poore wench to any such purpose against the predominant POPPAEA By those occasions a new side was erected consisting of such as had but litle other hope then in CAESARS vices nor any other like scope as the seruing of themselues As for the Senate and people they had very small care or feeling in generall what the prince did vniust for his own satisfaction in some few particulars vpon what grounds soeuer so long as it went well with themselues Though by the words in TACITVS of such as detracted from the glory of PoeTVS THRASEA in the case of the SYRACVSAN playes many points of estate might haue beene better ordered then they were euen within the commended fiue yeares And though wicked deeds should not bee done at all yet when they were don by him whom they could not punnish euen good men were glad to make the best of that which neither could be recalled nor holpen A patriots and a wisemans office CHAP. XIX THE GHOSTE OF AGRIPPINA AND OTHER APPARITIONS AFFLICTING NERO. THe death of his mother in the spring of the yeare brought forth a fresher spring of popular delights and as if her life like an vnseasonable barre had hitherto hindred the fulnes of such benefit the blessings of a goldē age immediately seemed to follow Banished persons were recalled other acts of clemency exercised playes vpon playes for entertainment of generall affections set forth and celebrated Her relicks in the meane vvhile remained honor-lesse Another scandall of NERO'S reigne But though her name memorie was thus of purpose ouer-borne yet as if that fellnesse of spirit which shee had aliue were growne more violent since shee died her appearing ghost the furies of hell with whips and firebrands by his owne confession haunted him at times and tormented him euer after For auoiding of which infernall vexations hee consulted and practised with magitians to come to her speech and entreate her forgiuenesse A vaine attempt when it was his conscience which form'd his imagination and acted in his senses neither had SIMON Magus whom hee specially fauoured but SIMON PETRVS the proper receipt of quieting soules had hee sought it Guiltinesse is the immortall fiend of grieuous crimes and conuerts the conscience to an hell on earth nor is there cause for the wise or sober to repine at the seeming felicities of euill princes because their mindes are vncessantly tormented Nothing can afford sound peace but only innocencie This is the first and only mention of NERO'S vse for magicke to which saith PLINIE hee vvas extreamely adicted DIO adds that hee presented to the people most magnificent shovves playes to the honor of his mothers memorie soone after her murther But farre beyond all his princely doings in this iolly and Iouial kinde if I may vse those lighter epithets vvas the ordaining of his fiue-yearely playes and prizes at ROME in emulation of those other the most famous of Greece and of all the world called of their place OLYMPIAN and with vniuersall confluence celebrated in ELIS a prouince of PELOPONESVS His blossoming youth light opinions most easily carried him to things pleasant

for the time of his death affirmes no lesse There was also a tumult in the I le because saith SVETONIVS the fugitiues were not sent backe ADMINIVS as I suppose and his adherents So the detention of tribute seems to haue been in reprisall to force their restitution And here the part of that BERICVS comes aptly in who as DIO saith was expulsed out of BRITAN for sedition The cause not hard to find considering the premises if BERICVS may be thought one of the ADMINIAN faction But of these things let others reason Here certainely our iland first began to feele indeed the weight of conquest CAESAR had a MANDRVBATIVS to induce and train him on and CLADIVS a banished BERICVS The computation of force in AVGVSTVS time fit to hold BRITAIN in obedience according to STRABO'S account was extremely vnder the marke One legion and some horse CAMDEN the king of our antiquaries and not of arms onely reckons vp three whole legions the second the ninth and the fourteenth imposed by CLAVDIVS to retain his martiall purchase Sure I am that when the BRITANS fell from NERO there was another called the twentith all foure of them mentioned in TACITVS where he chronicles the defection and all foure few enough Yet NERO was so farre from augmenting the ROMAN forces here with extraordinaries that but for very shame as SVETONIVS saith he had euen reuoked the ligiers Howbeit STRABO'S estimate supposing equitie and AVGVSTVS might be a full proportion For the odds are not small in the seuerall natures of times which extremely alter the states of power A few vnder a wise and venerable prince are vertually as many as thrice their number vnder a vaine or violent With iniurie no force is not weake with iustice no fewnesse is not strong Sentences verifide vnder NERO in BRITAIN vnder whom euen the deitie of CLAVDIVS was made a greater burthen to the BRITANS as appeares by that of which themselues complaine in TACITVS then CLAVDIVS himself was when aliue Among those pretious coignes which the treasurie of ANTONIVS AVGVSTINVS hath afforded to the world I finde one of CLAVDIVS concerning BRITAN peaceable omitted by all men who haue of purpose handled our affairs What the left hand of the image held vnluckely appeares not in that faire printed copie with which it pleased a great and generous Earle to befriend me It might be a garland a cornucopia a little winged victorie or the like but I could thinke it was some round figure the signe of tribute-money The whole may signifie that CLAVDIVS the conquerour of BRITAIN ciuilised the subdued BRITANS The persons gowned habit a manifest token of it who is otherwise wont to be represented martial and vnclothed And though the rudder or helme of a ship which here BRITANIA holds downward in her right hand as a rest doth ordinarily signifie nothing else in antient ROMAN coigns but that the countrey whose figure appears vpon the metal is an iland whereunto there is no accesse but by water yet here perhàps it further noteth that not onely the nauigation of BRITAIN florished by his meanes but that tillage formerly neglected did also set vp now prosper if that which coucheth behind be not the halfe part of a ship but the hinder end of an antique plough A coigne put forth into the world after the Southerne BRITANS were prouinciated and the ROMAN gouernment fully setled here Nor improbably when the colonie of old souldiers was drawne and planted at CAMALODVNVM in the twelfth yeare of CLAVDIVS For that was precisely the time as that most modest and antient good friend of mine WILLIAM CAMDEN Clarenceux hath happely and learnedly obserued out of another of CLAVDIVS medalls CAMALODVNVM the place vpon which the raging tempest of rebellion did first discharge the force of it self as the insolencies of that colonie were among the heinous sparkes which firde the wronged natiues This in generall was the case and state of BRITAIN so farre as the ROMANS intermedled from the first entrance of IVLIVS CAESAR thereinto who what hee could not materiallie annex to the main-land attempted to fasten vertuallie to the empire as an out-worke CHAP. XXV THE INTERMITTED NARRATION OF THE REVOLT OF BRITAIN VNDER NERO PROSECVTED AFter the death of consecrated CLAVDIVS BRITAIN with the rest of the ROMAN world comming vnder the scepter of NERO it was nowe of his reigne the seuenth yeare CAESONIVS and PETRONIVS Consuls when the incensed BRITANNS led by a woman and a widowe reuengefullie writ her quarrell in the bloud of thousands of enemies For such they esteemed all who were either free of ROME or of the ROMAN partie The causes of which sodein furie with the bitter effects the estate of things foregoing and following as affording great lessons deserue a narration sutable to the maiestie though not to the length of the introduction And first of all that we may admiringlie know how large a place the euil shooke it must not bee forgotten that presentlie before the terrible blowe all the countreyes nowe comprehended vnder the noble names of ENGLAND and WALES excepting onely the I le of MONA or ANGLESEY were either immediatly ROMAN as prouincial or indirectlie and vpon the by as seeming social A goodlie scope of habitable element one thousand miles in circuit and it self the best and greatest part of BRITAIN full of braue people and of natiue commodities which the ancient equitie of the ROMANS should haue kept and cherished more carefullie For the straightned Ocëan which separates it from the continent doth not separate it from the benefits and blessings of the continent And if the aër of our I le be not alwayes the most pure and transparent yet is it certainly the most temperate But without all other commodities and the names of ours would fill a long inuentarie it was alone enough for an attractiue to the ROMANS that not onely the inferior sorts of oare but siluer also and gold it selfe lay couched in the mines of BRITAIN which their diligence would draw forth into light and vse the vaines of mineral coales a tresure left for vs whose improuident wasts of wood hath made them as pretious as metal The BRITANNS themselues who by the right of theyr first comming hither were natural Lords of the soil a people easily fashionable to the noblest arts and not to that mean one of making cheese the ignorance whereof stands vpon some of them in STRABO as a special note of barbarism Neither were the Romans now in any such numbers here that insolencie might thereupon securely rest it selfe For to defend their owne share they at most employd but foure legions with theyr ordinarie aids consisting partly of GALLS and GERMANS and partly of the ilanders themselues the legions of none but ROMANS only All which together could not very much surmount fortie thousand according to common proportions An handfull of men if compared to the natiues But of this more properly elsewhere §. I. Of the title of