very great each hauing a woman sitting thereon with a Sword in her hand of the same metall and a siluer Crowne on the head so many had sacrificed themselues at her death to doe her seruice in the next World Another compasse environed that of the Giants all of triumphant Arches gilded with a great quantitie of siluer Bels hanging on siluer chaines which by the motion of the Aire continually yeelded a strange sound Without those Arches in the same proportion stand two rankes of Latten grates encircling the whole worke set in spaces with Pillars of the same and thereon Lions set on balls which are the Armes of the Kings of China At the foure corners were placed foure Monsters of Brasse one which the Chinois call the Deuouring Serpent of the deepe Caue of the House of smoke in the figure of a dreadfull Serpent with seuen Serpents comming out of his brest sported with greene and blacke with many prickles more then a span long quite thorow the bodie like Hedge-hogges each hauing in his mouth a woman ouerthwart with disheuelled haires looking deadly The old or great Serpent holds in his mouth a Lizard halfe out of aboue thirty spans in length as bigge as a Pipe with nose and lips full of bloud and in his hands he holds a great Elephant so forcibly that his entrailes seeme to come out of his mouth all so naturally represented that it is most dreadful to behold The folds of his tayle were aboue twentie fathome long enfolding therein another Monster the second of the foure called Tarcamparoo which they say was the Sonne of that Serpent which stands with both his hands in his mouth which is as bigge as a gate the teeth set in order and the blacke tongue hanging out aboue two fathomes Of the two other one was the Figure of a woman named Nadelgau seuenteene fathomes long and sixe about from whose waste issued a beake or face aboue two fathomes which cast smoake out of the nosthrils and flames of fire out of the mouth which they make therein continually saying shee is the Queene of the Fierie Spheare and shall burne the Earth at the end of the World The fourth is like a man set cowring with cheekes puffed like ships sayles so monstrous that a man could not endure the sight The Chinois call him Vzanguenaboo and say that it is hee which makes Tempests in the Sea and throwes downe Houses by Land to which the people giue much Almes not to hurt their Iunkes The second day we went from Pocasser and came to another Citie called Xinligau very great well built walled with Tyles ditched about with two Castles at the end hauing their Towres Bul-warkes and Draw-bridges in the midst of each Castle was a Towre of fiue Lofts with many workes painted in which the Chinois said were fifteene thousand Picos of siluer of the Rents gathered in that Archipelago which this Kings Grand-father there layd vp in memory of his Sonne Leuquinau which signifieth the ioy of all holden for a Saint because he dyed a Religious man and lyes there buried in the Temple of Quiay Varatel the God of all the Fishes in the Sea of whom they haue large Legends In that Citie and another fiue leagues from it is made the greatest part of the Silke of that Kingdome the waters there giuing quicker colours they say then in other parts The Weauers Loomes of these Silkes which they affirme thirteene thousand pay yearely to the King three hundred thousand Taeis Going further vp the Riuer wee came the next day Euening to a great Champaigne continuing ten or twelue leagues in which were many Kine Horses and Mares pastured for the shambles as well as other flesh and kept by many men on Horse-backe These Champaignes past wee came to a Towne called Iunquileu walled with Tyles but without Towres or Bul-warkes Here wee saw a stone Monument with an Inscription Heere lyeth Trannocem Mudeliar Vncle to the King of Malaca who dyed before hee was reuenged of Captayne Alboquerque the Lion of Sea Robberies We enquiring hereof an old Chinese said that about fortie yeares agoe the man there interred had come Embassadour from a King of Malaca to sue to the Sonne of the Sunne for succour against a Nation of a Land without name which had comne from the end of the World and taken Malaca with other incredible particularities printed in a Booke which hee made thereof Hauing spent three yeares in this Suite and brought it to some maturitie hee sickned of the Aire one night at Supper dyed in nine dayes and left this Memoriall Wee proceeded on our way the Riuer growing lesse but the Countrey more peopled scarsly a stones cast free of some House eyther of a Pagode or Labourer And two leagues higher on a Hill compassed with Iron grates were two Brasse Statues standing on their feete one of a man the other of a woman both seuentie foure spans long with their hands in their mouthes and puffed cheekes fastned to Cast-Iron Pillars seuen fathomes high The Male was named Quiay Xingatalor the woman Apancapatur The Chinois told vs that the man was Fire-blower in Hell to torment such as in this life gaue them no Almes the woman was the Hell-Porter which suffered the Almes-giuers to flye by a Riuer of cold water called Ochileuday and hid them their from the Deuils hurting them One of our company laughed at this Tale whereat a Bonzo was so offended that hee set Chifu in rage with vs who bound vs hand and foot and gaue vs one hundred stripes a-piece Twelue Priests were incensing these Monsters when wee were there with Siluer-censours full of sweet Odours Saying as wee serue thee helpe thou vs another company of Priests answering So I promise thee as a good Lord. And thus went they on Procession about the Hill an houres space sounding certayne Bels causing a dreadfull noyse Hence wee passed vp the Riuer eleuen dayes all peopled with Cities Townes Villages Castles in many places scarsly a Calieuer shot distant one from another and all the Land in compasse of our sight had store of great Houses and Temples with gilded Steeples which amazed vs with the sight Thus wee came to the Citie Sampitay where wee stayed fiue dayes by reason of the sicknesse of Chifus Wife There by his leaue wee went thorow the streets a begging the people wondering at vs and giuing vs largely One woman amongst others which busily questioned with vs shewed vs a Crosse branded on her left arme asking if we knew that signe and wee deuoutly answering yes shee lifted vp her hands to Heauen and sayd Our Father which art in Heauen hallowed be thy Name in Portugues and could speake no more but proceeded in China speech and procured leaue to lodge vs at her House those fiue dayes telling vs she was named Inez de Leiria and was the Daughter of Thomas Perez which came Embassadour to China
a King or Lord of some towne they offered him slaues to be put to death with him to the end they might serue him in the other world They likewise put to death his Priest or Chaplaine for euery Nobleman had a Priest which administred these ceremonies within his house and then they called him that he might execute his office with the dead They likewise killed his Cook his Butler his Dwarfes and deformed men by whom he was most serued neither did they spare the very brothers of the dead who had most serued them for it was a greatnesse amongst the Noblemen to be serued by their brethren and the rest Finally they put to death all of his traine for the entertaining of his house in the other world and lest pouerty should oppresse them they buried with them much wealth as Gold Siluer Stones Curtins of exquisite worke Bracelets of Gold and other rich peeces And if they burned the dead they vsed the like with all his Seruants and ornaments they gaue him for the other world Then tooke they all the ashes they buried with very great solemnity The obsequies continued tenne dayes with songs of plaints and lamentations and the Priests carried away the dead with so many ceremonies and in so great number as they could scarce accompt them To the Captaines and Noblemen they gaue trophees and markes of honour according to their enterprises and valor imployed in the wars and gouernments for this effect they had armes and particular blasons They carried these markes or blazons to the place where he desired to be buried or burnt marching before the body and accompanying it as it were in procession where the Priests and officers of the Temple went with diuers furnitures and ornaments some casting incense others singing and some sounding of mournfull Flutes and Drums which did much increase the sorrow of his kinsfolkes and subiects The Priest who did the office was decked with the markes of the Idoll which the Nobleman had represented for all Noblemen did represent Idols and carried the name of some one and for this occasion they were esteemed and honoured The order of Knighthood did commonly carry these foresaid markes He that should be burnt being brought to the place appointed they inuironed him with wood of Pine trees and all his baggage then set they fire vnto it increasing it still with goomie wood vntill that all were conuerted into ashes then came there forth a Priest attired like a Deuil hauing mouthes vpon euery ioynt of him and many eyes of glasse holding a great staffe with the which he did mingle all the ashes very boldly and with so terrible a gesture as he terrified all the assistants Sometimes this Minister had other different habits according to the quality of the dead There hath beene great curiosity at the Indies in making of Idols and Pictures of diuers formes and matters which they worshipped for Gods and in Peru they called them Guacas being commonly of foule and deformed beasts at the least such as I haue seene were so I beleeue verily that the Deuill in whose honour they made these Idols was pleased to cause himselfe to be worshipped in these deformities and in truth it was found so that the Deuill spake and answered many of these Guacas or Idols and his Priests and Ministers came to these Oracles of the father of lies and such as he is such were his Counsels and Prophesies In the Prouinces of New Spaine Mexico Tescuco Tlascalla Cholula and in the neighbour Countries to this Realme this kinde of Idolatry hath beene more practised than in any other Realme of the world And it is a prodigious thing to heare the superstitions rehearsed that they haue vsed in that point of the which it shall not be vnpleasant to speake something The chiefest Idoll of Mexico was as I haue said Vitâ—iliputzli It was an image of wood like to a man set vpon a stoole of the color of azure in a brankard or litter at euery corner was a piece of wood in forme of a Serpents head The stoole signified that he was set in heauen this Idoll had all the forehead Azure and had a band of Azure vnder the nose from one eare to another vpon his head he had a rich plume of Feathers like to the beake of a small Bird the which was couered on the top with Gold burnished very browne he had in his left hand a white Target with the figures of fiue pine Apples made of white Feathers set in a crosse and from aboue issued forth a crest of gold and at his sides he had foure darts which the Mexicans say had beene sent from heauen to doe those acts and prowesses which shall be spoken of In his right hand he had an Azured staffe cut in fashion of a wauing snake All these ornaments with the rest he had carried this sence as the Mexicans doe shew the name of Vitziliputzli signifies the left hand of a shining Feather I will speake hereafter of the proud Temple the Sacrifices Feasts and Ceremonies of this great Idoll being very notable things But at this present we will onely shew that this Idoll thus richly apparelled and deckt was set vpon an high Altar in a small peece or boxe well couered with linnen cloathes Iewels Feathers and ornaments of Gold with many runâ—les of Feathers the fairest and most exquisite that could be found he had alwaies a curtaine before him for the greater veneration Ioyning to the chamber or chappell of this Idoll there was a peece of lesse worke and not so well beautified where there was another Idoll they called Tlaloc These two Idols were alwaies together for that they held them as companions and of equall power There was another Idoll in Mexico much esteemed which was the god of repentance and of Iubilies and pardons for their sinnes They called this Idoll Tezcallipuca he was made of a blacke shining stone like to Iayel being attired with some Gentile deuises after their manner it had earerings of gold and siluer and through the nether lip a small canon of Christall in length halfe a foote in the which they sometimes put a greene feather and sometimes an azured which made it resemble sometimes an Emerald and sometimes a Turquois it had the haire broided and bound vp with a haire-lace of gold burnished at the end whereof did hang an â—aâ—e of gold with two firebrands of smoake painted therein which did signifie the praiers of the afflicted and sinners that he heard when they recommended themselues vnto him Betwixt the two eares hanged a number of small herons He had a Iewell hanging at his necke so great that it couered all his stomacke vpon his armes bracelets of Gold at his nauill a rich greene stone and in his left hand a â—aâ—ne of precious Feathers of Greene Azure and Yellow which came forth of a Looking-glasse of Gold shining and well burnished and that signified that within this Looking-glasse he saw
iestures beset with many Iewels Precious stones and Pearles Then they killed his slaue whose office was to light the Lampes and make fire vnto the gods of his Pallace These things done they carried the dead body vnto the Temple some followed him with dolefull tune others sung the death of the King by note for so was the custome The Noblemen and Gentlemen of his houshold carried Targets Arrowes Mases and Ensignes to throw into the fire where the body should be buried in the Temple The high Priest and all the Clergie receiued him at the Temple gate with a sorrowfull song and after he had said certaine words the body was throne into a great fire made for the purpose with all the Iewels that he had about him and all the other things which was brought to honour the buriall also a Dogge newly strangled with an Arrow which was to guide him his way In the meane while that the King and Dogge were burning the Priests sacrificed two hundred persons howbeit in his Ceremonie there was no ordinary taxe for sometimes they sacrificed many moe they were opened with a Rasor of flint in the breasts and their hearts taken out and throwne into the fire where the Kings body was These miserable persons being sacrificed and their bodies throwne into a hole they beleeued assuredly that those should serue for his slaues in another world some of them were Dwarffes monstrous and deformed persons with some women They placed about the dead body of the King before his buriall Roses Flowers and sundrie dishes of meate and drinke and no creature durst touch the same but onely the Priests for it seemed to be an offering The next day following all the ashes were gathered together and the teeth with the Emerald that was in his mouth the which things were put into a Chest painted on the inside with horrible figures of deuils and the locke of haire which was cut from his crowne and another locke of haire which was preserued from the time of his birth Then the Chest was lockt and an Image of wood made and cloathed like vnto the Kings person which was set on the top of the Chest. The obsequies endured foure dayes in the which the wiues and daughters of the King offered great offerings at the place where his body was buried and before the Chest and his Image On the fourth day after the buriall fifteene slaues were sacrificed for his soule and on the twentieth day other fiue persons were also sacrificed likewise on the sixtie three and fourescore which was like vnto the yeares minde The Kingdome of Michuacan is almost as great as the Empire of Mexico and when any King of that Countrey happened to be visited with sicknesse and brought to such extremitie that hope of life were past according to the opinion of Phisitions then would he name and appoint which of his Sonnes should inherite the estate and being knowne the new King or heire incontinent sent for all the Gouernours Captaines and valiant Souldiors who had any office or charge to come vnto the buriall of his Father and he that came not from thenceforth was held for a Traitour and so punished When the death of the old King was certaine then came all degrees of Estates and brought presents to the new King for the approbation of his Kingdome but if the King were not throughly dead but at the point of death then the gates were shut in and none permitted to enter and when his life was departed then began a generall cry and mourning and they were permitted to come where their dead King lay and to touch him with their hands this being done the carkasse was washed with sweete waters and then a fine shirt put vpon him and a paire of shooes made of a Deere skinne put on his feete and about his anckles were tied certaine Bels of Gold about his wristes of his hands were put Manyllias of Turkies and other Bracelets of Gold likewise about his necke they hung other collers of precious stones and gold and rings in his eares with a great Turkise in his neather lippe Then his body was laid vpon a large beere whereon was placed a good bed vnder him on his one side lay a Bowe with a quiuer of Arrowes and on his other side lay an Image made of fine Mantels of his owne stature or highnesse with a great tuffe of fine feathers shooes vpon his feete with Bracelets and a coller of gold While his worke was a doing others were busied in washing the men and women which should be slaine for to accompany him into Hell these wretched folke that should be slaine were banqueted and filled with drinke because they should receiue their death with lesse paine The new King did appoint those who should dye for to serue the King his Father but yet many of them had rather haue beene without his seruice notwithstanding some simple soules esteemed that odious death for a thing of immortall glory First seuen Gentlewomen of noble parentage were appointed to dye the one to haue the office of keeper of his Iewels which he was wont to weare another for the office of Cup-bearer another to giue him water with a Bason and Ewer another to giue him alwayes the Vrinall another to be his Cooke and another to serue for Laundresse They slew also many woman-slaues and free maidens for to attend vpon the Gentlewomen and moreouer one of euery occupation within the Citie When all these that were appointed to dye were washed and their bellies full with meate and drinke then they painted their faces yellow and put garlands of sweete flowers vpon each of their heads Then they went in order of procession before the beere whereon the dead King was carried some went playing on Instruments made of Snailes shels others played vpon bones and shels of Sea-turtils others went whistling and the most part weeping the Sonnes of the dead King and other Noblemen carried vpon their shoulders the Beere where the Course lay and proceeded with an easie pace toward the Temple of the god Curicaueri his kinsmen went round about the Beere singing a sorrowfull song The officers and houshold seruants of the Court with other Magistrates and Rulers of iustice bare the Standards and diuers other armes About midnight they departed in the order aforesaid out of the Kings pallace with great light of fire brands and with a heauie noise of Trumpets and Drummes The Citizens which dwelt where the Corse passed attended to make cleane the streete And when they were come to the Temple they went foure times round about a great fire made of the wood of Pine tree which was prepared to burne the dead body then the Beere was laid vpon the fire and in the meane while that the body was burning they mawled with a club those which had the Garlands and afterward buried them by foure and foure as they were apparelled behinde the Temple The next day in the morning the ashes
it and aske of God that he do that for you which is contained in this written Prayer because with his owne mouth he taught it his friends and I hope he will saue you I could not doe any thing else because it was very dangerous to speake the words of doctrine by such an Interpreter nay almost impossible because he was ignorant AFter this wee entred into that plaine where the Court of Ken-Cham was which was wont to be the Countrey of the Naymans who were the peculiar Subiects of Presbyter Iohn but at that time I saw not that Court but in my returne Yet heere I declare vnto you what befell his Ancestry his Soone and Wiues Ken-Cham being dead Baatu desired that Mangu should be Chan. But I could vnderstand in certaintie of the death of Ken. Frier Andrew said that he dyed by a certaine medicine giuen him and it was suspected that Baatu caused it to be made Yet I heard otherwise for he summoned Baatu to come and doe him homage And Baatu tooke his iourney speedily with great preparation but he and his Seruants were much afraid and sent one of his Brothers before called Stichin who when he came to Ken and should waite vpon his Cup contention arising betweene them they slue one another The Widow of Stichin kept vs a whole day to goe into her house and blesse her that is pray for her Therefore Ken being dead Mangu was chosen by the consent of Baatu And was then chosen when Frier Andrew was there Ken had a certaine Brother called Siremon who by the counsell of Kens Wife and her Vassals went with great preparation towards Mangu as if he meant to doe him homage and yet in truth he purposed to kill him and destroy his whole Court. And when he was neere Mangu within one or two daies iourney one of his Wagons remained broken in the way While the Wagoner laboured to mend it in the meane space came one of the Seruants of Mangu who helped him he was so inquisitiue of their iourney that the Wagoner reuealed vnto him what Siremon purposed to doe Then turning out of the way as if hee little regarding it went vnto the herd of Horses and tooke the best Horse hee could choose and posting night and day came speedily to the Court of Mangu reporting vnto him what he had heard Then Mangu quickly assembling all his subiects caused foure rings of Armed men to compasse his Court that none might goe in or out the rest he sent against Siremon who tooke him not suspecting his purpose had beene discouered and brought him to the Court with all his followers Who when Mangu lay the matter to his charge strait-way confessed it Then he and his eldest Sonne Ken Chan were slaine and three hundred of the Nobilitie of the Tartars with them The Noble Women also were sent for who were all beaten with burning fire-brands to make them confesse and hauing confessed were put to death His youngest sonne Ken who could not be capable or guiltie of the conspiracy was left aliue And his Fathers Palace was left vnto him with all belonging vnto it as well Men as Chattels and we passed by it in our returne Nor durst my Guides turne in vnto it neither going nor comming For the Lady of the Nations sate there in heauinesse and there was none to comfort her THen went wee vp againe into the high Countries going alwaies towards the North. At length on Saint Stephens day we entred into a great Plaine like the Sea where there was not so much as a Mole-hill And the next day on the feast of S. Iohn the Euangelist we came vnto the Palace of that great Lord. But when we were neere it within fiue daies iourney our Host where we lay would haue directed vs a way farre about so that wee should yet trauaile more then fifteene daies And this was the reason as I vnderstood that wee might goe by Onam Kerule their proper Countrey where the Court of Chingis-Chan is Others said that he did it for this purpose that he might make the way longer and might shew his power the more For so they are wont to deale with men comming from Countries not subiect to them And our Guide obtained with great difficultie that we might go the right way For they held vs vpon this from the morning till three of the clocke In that way also the Secretarie whom we expected at Cailac told me that it was contained in the Letters which Baatu sent to Mangu-Chan that wee required an Army and ayde of Sartach against the Saracens Then I began to wonder much and to be greatly troubled for I knew the Tenor of the Letters and that no mention therof was made therein saue that yee aduised him to be a friend to all Christians and should exalt the Crosse and be an enemy to all the enemies of the Crosse and because also the Interpreters were Armenians of the greater Armenia who greatly hated the Saracens lest perhaps they had interpreted any thing in euill part to make the Saracens more odious and hatefull at their pleasure I therefore held my peace not speaking a word with them or against them for I feared to gainsay the words of Baatu least I should incurre some false accusation without reasonable cause We came therefore the foresaid day vnto the said Court. Our Guide had a great house appointed him and we three a little Cottage wherein wee could scarse lay our stuffe make our beds and haue a little fire Many came to visit our Guide and brought him drinke made of Rice in long strait mouthed bottles in the which I could discerne no difference from the best Antissiodorensian Wine saue that it had not the sent of Wine We were called and straightly examined vpon what businesse we came I answered that we heard of Sartach that he was a Christian we came therefore vnto him the French King sent him a Packet by vs he sent vs to Baatu his Father his Father hath sent vs hither hee should haue written the cause wherevpon they demanded whether we would make peace with them I answered he hath sent Letters vnto Sarâ—ach as a Christian and if he had knowne he were not a Christian hee would neuer haue sent him Letters to treate of peace I say he hath done you no wrong if he had done any why should you warre vpon him or his people he willingly as a iust man would reforme himselfe and desire peace If yee without cause will make warre with him or his Nation we hope that God who is iust will helpe them And they wondred alwayes repeating why came yee seeing yee came not to make peace For they are now so puffed vp with pride that they thinke the whole World should desire to make peace with them And truly if I might bee suffered I would preach Warre against them to the vttermost of my power throughout the whole World But I would
houshold-stuffe of the Dead drawing them betweene the fires For when any one dieth all things whatsoeuer appertayne to him are separated and not mingled with other things of the Court till all be purged by the Fire So did I see it done to the Court of that Ladie which died while wee were there Whereupon there was a double reason why Friar Andrew and his fellowes should goe betweene the fires both because he brought presents as also for that they belonged to him who was dead to wit Ken Chan. No such thing was required of me because I brought nothing If any liuing creature or any thing else fall to the ground while they thus make them passe betweene the fires that is theirs They also the ninth day of the Moone of May gather together all the white Mares of the Herd and consecrate them The Christian Priests also must come together thither with their Censers Then they cast â—ew Cosmos vpon the ground and make a great Feast that day because then they thinke they drinke Cosmos first as it is the fashion somewhere with vs touching Wine in the Feast of Saint Bartholmew or Sixtus and of fruits in the Feast of Saint Iames and Christopher They also are inuited when any child is borne to foretell his destinie They are sent for also when any is sicke to vse their Charmes and they tell whether it bee a naturall infirmitie or by Sorcerie Whereupon that woman of Mentz whereof I spake before told mee a wonderfull thing On a certaine time very costly Furres were presented which were layd downe at the Court of her Ladie who was a Christian as I said before And the Sooth-sayers drew them through betweene the fires and tooke more of them then was their due And a certaine woman vnder whose custodie the treasure of her Ladie was accused them thereof vnto her Ladie wherevpon the Ladie her selfe reproued them It fell out after this that the Ladie her selfe began to be sicke and to suffer certaine sudden passions in diuers parts of her bodie The Sooth-sayers were called and they sitting farre off commanded one of those Maidens to put her hand vpon the place where the griefe was and if shee found any thing shee should snatch it away Then shee arising did so And she found a piece of Felt in her hand or of some other thing Then they commanded her to put it vpon the ground which being layd downe it began to creepe as if it had beene some liuing Creature Then they put it into the water and it was turned as it were into a Horse-leach and he said some Witch hath hurt you thus with her Sorceries and they accused her that had accused them of the Furres who was brought without the Tents into the fields and receiued the bastinado seuen dayes together there and was thus tormented with other punishments to make her confesse and in the meane space her Ladie died Which shee vnderstanding said vnto them I know my Ladie is dead kill mee that I may goe after her for I neuer did her hurt And when shee confessed nothing Mangu Chan commanded to suffer her to liue Then the Sorcerers accused the Ladies daughters Nurse of whom I spake before who was a Christian and her husband was the chiefe among all the Nestorian Priests so shee was brought to punishment with a certaine Maide of hers to make her confesse And the Maide confessed that her Mistresse sent her to speake with a certaine Horse to demand answeres The woman also her selfe confessed some things which shee did to bee beloued of her Ladie that she might doe her good but shee did nothing that might hurt her Shee was demanded also whether her husband were priuie to it shee excused him for that he had burnt the Characters and Letters which she had made Then shee was put to death and Mangu Chan sent the Priest her husband to the Bishop which was in Cataia to be iudged although he were not found culpable In the meane time it fell out that the principall wife of Mangu Chan brought forth a sonne and the Sooth-sayers were called to fore-tell the Destinie of the child who all prophecied prosperitie and said he should liue long and be a great Lord after a few dayes it happened the child died Then the mother enraged called the Sooth-sayers saying you said my sonne should liue and loe hee is dead Then they said Madam behold wee see that Sorceresse the Nurse of Chirina who the other day was put to death shee hath killed your sonne and behold wee see shee carries him away Now there remayned one sonne and a daughter of that woman growne to full age in the Tents and the Ladie sent presently for them in a rage and caused the young man to be slayne of a man and the maide of a woman in reuenge of her sonne whom the Sooth-sayers affirmed to be killed of their mother not long after Mangu Chan dreamed of those children and demanded in the morning what was become of them His seruants were afraid to tell him and he being troubled the more demanded where they were because they had appeared vnto him in a Vision by night Then they told him So hee presently sending for his wife demanded whence shee learned that a woman should giue sentence of death without the priuitie of her Husband And he caused her to be shut vp seauen dayes commanding to giue her no meat But the man who who slew the young man he caused to be beheaded and the head to be hung about the womans necke who had kild the Mayde and made her to be cudgelled with burning Fire-brands through all the Tents and after to be put to Death Hee had also put his Wife to death but for the Children he had by her And he went out of his Court and returned not till after one Moone The Sorcerers also trouble the Ayre with their charmes and when the Cold is so great naturally that they cannot apply any remedy then they search out some in the Campe whom they accuse that the cold comes through their meanes so they are put to Death without any delay A little before I departed thence one of the Concubines was sicke and languished long and they mumbled their Charmes ouer a certaine Dutch Slaue of hers who slept three dayes Who when she came to her selfe they demanded what she had seene And she had seene many persons of all which shee iudged they should all shortly dye And because she saw not her Mistres there they iudged she should not dye of that sicknes I saw the Maydes head yet aking by reason of that sleepe Some of them also call vpon Deuils and gather them together who will haue answers from the Deuill in the night vnto their house and they put sodden flesh in the middest of the house and that Chan who inuoketh beginneth to say his Charmes and hauing a Tymbrell smites it strongly against the ground
and that the secret Counsels and waylesse wayes of the Tartars were fraught with Imperiall Counsels For they conceale their Language varie their Armes and if one be taken knowledge of them or their purpose can by no tortures be extorted from him And where say they should they lurke in which of the Climats till this time whence their so secret and fraudulent Conspiracie They are Hircans and Scythians sauage bloud-suckers who with the confederate Cumani through the Emperours deuise haue ouerthrowne the King of Hungarie to make him seeke shelter vnder the Imperiâ—ll wings and doe him homage c. Needs must they goe whom the Deuill driues or how else but by mad malice and furious faction or an Antichristian mist could such impossibilities haue beene conceiued Of their driuing the Turkes and the Choerosmines out of Persia is else-where spoken Of the Popes entertainment of the Tartarian Messengers Anno 1248. close Conferences with them and gifts to them with diuers other discourses in the said author or Authors I omit Onely this Epistle following as containing both the strange aduentures of an Englishman and his relations of the Tartars from better experience I could not but adde heere making so much to the Readers purpose and ours It was written by one Yuo of Narbone a Clergie man which being accused of Heresie to Robert de Curzun the Popes Legat fled and liued one while with the Patarines another with the Beguines and at last writ this Letter containing a discourse of his trauels amongst them in Italie and Gâ—rmanie He begins Giraldo Dei gratia Burdegalensi Archiepiscopo Yuo dictus Narbonensis suorum olimâ—ouissimus Clericorum salutem c. and after some premisses of the Patarines and Beguines too long for this place hee proceeds Hoc igitur multis alijs peccatis inter nos Christianos emergentibâ—s iratus Dominus c. In English Our Lord therefore being angry with this and other sinnes falling out amongst vs Christians is become as it were a destroying enemie Part of an Epistle written by one YVO of Narbona vnto the Archbishop of Burdeaux containing the confession of an Englishman as touching the barbarous demeanour of the Tartars which had liued long among them and was drawne along perforce with them in their expedition against Hungarie Recorded by Matthew Paris in the yeare our Lord 1243. THe Lord therefore being prouoked to indignation by reason of this and other sinnes committed among vs Christians is become as it were a destroying enemy and a dreadfull auenger This I may iustly affirme to bee true because an huge Nation and a barbarous and inhumane people whose Law is lawlesse whose wrath is furious euen the rod of Gods anger ouerrunneth and vtterly wasteth infinitâ— Countries cruelly abolishing all things where they come with fire and sword And this present Summer the foresaid Nation being called Tartars departing out of Hungarie which they had surprised by treason layd siege vnto the very same Towne wherein I my selfe abode with many thousands of Souldiers neither were there in the said Towne on our part aboue Fifty men of warre whom together with twenty Corsse-bowes the Captaine had left in Garrison All these out of certaine high places beholding the enemies vaste Armie and abhorring the beastly cruelty of Antichrist his complices signified forthwith vnto their Gouernour the hideous lamentations of his Christian subiects who suddenly being surprised in all the Prouince adioyning without any difference or respect of condition Fortune sexe or age were by manifold cruelties all of them destroyed with whose carkesses the Tartarian chieftaines and their brutish and sauage followers glutting themselues as With delicious cates left nothing for vultures but the bare bones And a strange thing it is to consider that the greedy and rauenous vultures disdained to pray vpon any of the reliques which remained Old and deformed Women they gaue as it were for daylie sustenance vnto their Canibals the beautifull deuoured they not but smothered them lamenting and scritching with forced and vnnaturall rauishments Like barbarous miscreants they quelled Virgins vnto death and cutting off their tender paps to present for dainties vnto their Magistrates they engorged themselues with their Bodies Howbeit their spials in the meane time discrying from the top of an high mountaine the Duke of Austria the King of Bohemia the Patriarch of Aquileia the Duke of Carinthia and as some report the Earle of Baden with a mighty power and in battell aray approching towards them that accursed crew immediatly vanished and all those Tartarian Vagabonds retired themselues into the distressed and vanquished land of Hungarie who as they came suddenly so they departed also on the sudden which their celeritie caused all men to stand in horrour and astonishment of them But of the said fugitiues the Prince of Dalmatia tooke eight one of which number the Duke of Austria knew to bee an Englishman who was perpetually banished out of the Realme of England in regard of certaine notorious crimes by him commâ—tted This fellow on the behalfe of the most tyrannicall King of the Tartars had beene twise as a messenger and Interpreter with the King of Hungarie menacing and plainely foretelling those michiefes which afterward happened vnlesse he would submit himselfe and his Kingdome vnto the Tartars yoke Well being allured by our Princes to confesse the truth he made such oathes and protestations as I thinke the Deuill himselfe would haue beene trusted for First therefore hee reported of himselfe that presently after the time of his banishment namely about the thirtieth yeare of his age hauing lost all that he had in the Citie of Acon at Dice euen in the midst of Winter being compelled by ignominious hunger wearing nothing about him but a shirt of sacke a paire of shooes and a haire cap onely being shauen like a foole and vttering an vncoth noyse as if hee had beene dumbe he tooke his iourney and so trauelling many Countries and finding in diuers places friendly entertainment he prolonged his life in this manner for a season albeit euery day by rashnes of speech and inconstancy of heart hee endangered himselfe to the Deuill At length by reason of extreame trauaile and continuall change of ayre and of meates in Caldea hee fell into a grieuous sicknesse insomuch that he was weary of his life Not being able therefore to goe forward or backward and staying there a while to refresh himselfe hee began being somewhat learned to commend to writing those wordes which he heard spoken and within a short space so aptly to pronounce and to vtter them himselfe that he was reputed for a natiue member of that Countrie and by the same dexteritie he attained to manie Languages The man the Tartars hauing intelligence of by their spies drew him perforce into their societie and being admonished by an oracle or vision to challenge dominion ouer the whole earth they allured him by many rewards to their faithfull seruice by reason that they wanted Interpreters
noble Kingdome of Mangi And doe not thinke that wee haue handled in order the whole Prouince of Cataio yea I haue not spoken of the twentieth part For M. Polo passing by the said Prouince hath onely described the Cities in his way leauing those on both hands and those betwixt these to preuent tediousnesse The Prouince of Mangi is the most rich and famous that is found in the East and An. 1269. had a certaine King named Fanfur richer and mightier then any which had reigned there in an hundred yeeres but a man peaceable and full of almesdeeds so beloued of his subiects that thereby and by the strength of the Countrie he seemed inuincible Whereby it came to passe that the King aswell as the People lost the vse and exercise of Warre and Armes All the Cities were compassed with Ditches a Bow shoot broad full of Water Hee held in pay no Horses because he feared none And hence it came to passe that the King giuing himselfe to pleasure more then was meete enioyed continuall delights He maintayned about a thousand goodly Lasses with which he passed his time in pleasure He nourished Iustice and preserued Peace No man durst offend his Neighbour and disturbe the Peace for feare of seuere vnpartiall punishment So that Artificers would often leaue their Shops full of Wares open by night and yet none would presume to enter into them Trauailers and strangers most safely walked day and night throughout that whole Kingdom fearing no man The King himselfe also was pitifull and mercifull towards the Poore and forsooke not them that were oppressed with necessitie or pinched with penurie Besides euery yeere hee tooke vp twentie thousand young Infants cast off by their Mothers which through pouertie were not able to keepe them which he brought vp and set them when they were growne to some Trade or married the young Men with the Maids which hee had in like sort educated Cublai Can was of a differing disposition to Fanfur and delighted onely in Warres and Conquests and to make himselfe Great he sent a great Armie leuied of Horse and Foot and made one named Chinsan Baian that is one hundred eyes Generall thereof Hee therefore comming with his Armie and a Fleet to the Prouince of Mangi first summoned the citie Coiganzu to yeeld obedience to his Emperour Who refusing the same hee departed without any assault giuen to the Citie and required the same of the second Citie which likewise refusing he marched forward to the third and fourth and receiued the like answere of them all But he assaulted the next with great courage and vanquished the same by force and slue euery mothers child therein which so affrighted and terrified the rest that they all presently yeelded Moreouer Great Can sent another great Armie after the former with both which Armies hee marched against the chiefe Citie Quinsai where the King of Mangi resided who mightily terrified as neuer hauing seene any battell fled with his wealth and treasures in ships which he had prepared to certaine impregnable Ilands in the Ocean where he after died committing the custodie of the Citie of Quinsai to his wife bidding her to defend it as well as shee could for being a woman shee need not feare death if shee were taken It is to be obserued that King Fanfur had beene told by his Diuiners that his Kingdome should neuer be taken from him but by one which had an hundred eyes which the Queene knew and therefore was still in hope not to lose the Citie howsoeuer streightned thinking it impossible for one man to haue an hundred eyes But one day she heard that the Commander of the Tartars was called Baian Chinsan that is to say An hundred eyes and was much terrified wherefore calling for the Commander of the Tartars Armie thinking him to bee the man which the Astrologers spake of shee deliuereth the Citie vnto him Which being heard the Citizens and Inhabitants of the whole Prouince reuolted to the obedience of great Can. The Queene was sent vnto the Court of great Can and was most honourably receiued by him and maintayned like a Queene And now wee will speake of the Cities of Mangi §. VIII Of the Cities of Mangi now called China and the rarities thereof the many wonders of Quinsai the Palaces Pleasures Rites and Gouernment obserued by the Natiues and the Tartars COiganzu is a faire and rich Citie situate towards the South-east and East in the entrance of the Prouince of Mangi from Cataio whence the Authour passed where are alway great store of ships being seated on the Riuer Caramoran Great store of Merchandise is carried thither Salt is also made there in great abundance Going from Coiganzu you ride towards the South-east one dayes iourney on a stone Causie on both sides whereof are great Fennes with deepe waters whereon they may passe with ships neither is there any entrance into Mangi but by shipping as the Captaine of the Can did but by this Causie At the end of that dayes iourney is a Citie called Paughin great and faire The people make clothes of Gold and of Silke are Merchants and Idolaters The Paper money of great Can is receiued throughout that whole Countrey It is plentifull of all necessaries of life To the Citie Caim is from Paughin one dayes iourney South-east and this is also a famous Citie abounding with fish and game of beasts and fowle especially Phesants are found there in exceeding great plentie as great as Peacocks of which you may haue three for one Venetian groat Proceeding further hence one dayes iourney you come thorow a well manured and peopled Countrey to the Citie Tingui which although it be not great yet hath it exceeding great plentie of victuals They are Merchants and very many ships are also there plentie of beasts and fowles It is seated to the South-east and on the left hand towards the East three dayes iourney off is the Ocean and in the space betweene are very many Salt pits and they make great store of Salt After this is Cingui a great Citie whence the Countrey is furnished with Salt whereof the Can makes great profit beyond beliefe They are Idolaters and haue Paper money From Cingui riding towards the South-east you meet with the noble Citie Iangui vnder the gouernment whereof are other Cities seuen and twentie in number And in that Citie resideth one of the twelue Barons which are Gouernours of Prouinces chosen by the great Can. They are Idolaters and liue of Merchandise They make Armes and Harnasse for warre And Master Marco had the sole gouernment thereof by commission of the great Can three yeeres together in stead of one of those Barons Nanghin is a Prouince to the West one of the greatest and noblest of Mangi a place of great Merchandise They are Idolaters spend Paper money haue store of beasts and fowle wilde and tame They make
full fiftie leagues into the Countrey newly conquered It seemed vnto him a thing too much derogating from the greatnesse of the Emperour the maiestie of whose person hee represented if he went any further to see this barbarous King being more fit that he should come forward into the Countrey conquered lately from him by Odmar after he had obtayned the victory then to goe into his Countreys although he had subiected them vnto the Emperour and did pay a very great tribute So the King of China arriued within a league of Pochio with all his Court hee set forward vnto a Plaine where he and Prince Axalla did see each other who was much better accompanied from whom the King did as much differ as from the Emperours owne person They met three seuerall times together the King desired to bee admitted into a Citie which the Emperour had granted vnto him by the treatie Prince Odmar declared that it was of great importance therefore Prince Axalla was by the Emperour appointed for to bee Iudge of this controuersie In the end they required another further within the Countrey the which the King accepted so hee was put into possession of that Citie the situation whereof was very pleasant being compassed about with a Lake Axalla hauing discouered that this barbarous King did earnestly desire it onely for his pleasure and not for any other euill intent the Citie which hee deliuered being seated vpon a Riuer further within his Countrey and that other within our Countrey compassed about with our fortresses but Odmar did not allow of that and supposed it to bee for an euill purpose as for to contriue some new practises Odmar being an olde man who knew the Kings vnfaithfulnesse although hee had made him know it well enough vnto his smart hauing as I haue said wonne twenty or thirty Cities from him and aboue fourescore leagues of Countrey at such time as hee obtayned the last Battell during the time that the Emperour was in his last Voyage against the Persians So the enteruiew continued yet betweene Prince Axalla and the King of China on the Plaine a Tent being pitched whither Prince Axalla did come vnto him whom hee continually honoured as much as the Emperours owne person where after they had long time treated by Interpreters it was in the end agreed that the King of China should enter againe into Quinanci not suffering him to put any Garrison into it nor to fortifie the same but euen as a Prisoner and Subiect vnto the Emperour hee should enioy it and it should bee his owne enioying all the reuenue thereof neither should hee carrie any kingly Ensignes without the expresse leaue of the Gouernour for the Emperour hee should notwithstanding haue a guard of three hundred men for his person and should giue knowledge vnto the said Gouernour of his iourney before he entred into the Emperours Countries the which hee must passe for to goe thither Now the Citie was situated in the middest of a very great Lake in the which were many Ilands wherein there were an infinite number of houses of pleasure and it had beene alwaies a very delicate place where the Kings of China were wont to recreate themselues in all kindes of pleasures that were there to be found in so much as this barbarous King did not respect the conditions propounded vnto him so as he might make his abode there as it were in an Hermitage Hauing left vnto his brother the gouernment of his whole Kingdome through the displeasure he had of his bondage whereunto he was brought a courage certainly magnanimous and worthie a Nation made ciuill with the best learning and vnworthie the name of a Barbarian wherewith we called him Three times in the weeke at Samercand Tamerlan ministred open iustice vnto the meanest in his Imperiall Maiestie a thing which made him beloued of the people ouer whom hee commanded In the other dayes hee gaue secret audience for the affaires of his Estate and tooke aduice for matters of importance which were decided daily in his presence He had such seueritie in his counsell that they must needs deale truely before him and without all passion in discoursing notwithstanding he alwaies shewed himselfe courteous in his conuersation and made himselfe both beloued and feared of his people hee neuer changed his seruants except they committed great faults against him of all the seruants of the late Emperour his Vncle he did not change one of them but hee did withall encrease their estates making them in this change to feele his liberalitie which he made strangers for to taste also vnto whom he was accustomed to giue to binde them vnto him He drew great store of money yeerely for tribute of the Moscouite but he distributed it within the same countrey for to maintayne his authoritie there winning those for his which might haue hurt him by meanes of giuing vnto them Hee had great care of his reuenues and he had such a readinesse that he did see his estate from three moneths vnto three moneths within one houre both the ordinarie and extraordinarie expences they presented it so well digested vnto him But our haste of other voyages permits not our stay here Onely we will adde that after 〈◊〉 things ordered Sicknesse arrested and Death conquered this great Conquerour and this Traueller trauelled the way of all flesh into another world Presently after his death they ranne to call his sonne who as soone as he was come shut his eyes powring out teares as also did all his seruants The Prince Sautochio his eldest sonne within two houres after was proclaymed Emperour throughout â—ll the whole Armie and dispatches were made from all parts to aduertise the Gouernours of Prouinces thereof the Letters being signed with the hand of the new Emperour who hauing assembled all the Armie together hee made an Oration vnto the Captaines and Souldiers and caused them to make a generall muster gratifying all the ancient Seruants of the Emperour his Father he would not dispose of any thing before he had seene Prince Axalla and was ioyned with the Imperiall Armie This young Prince when he came vnto this Empire was nineteene yeeres old hee was faire and had much of the Emperor his Fathers naturall disposition They hoped that hee would wisely through the good counsell that was about him maintayne this great Empire but they feared greatly the young Prince Letrochio his brother whom his mother loued would cause diuisions as it happened in the times of their great grand-father betweene two brethren who had beene occasion of the destruction of their estate the which was releeued and lifted vp againe vnto his height by the valour of Tamerlan CHAP. IX Reports of GHAGGI MEMET a Persian of Tabas in the Prouince of Chilan touching his Trauels and Obseruations in the Countrey of the Great Can vnto M. G. BAPTISTA RAMVSIO HE said that he had beene at Succuir and Campion Cities of the Prouince of
dead are and there it consumes with time Their mourning which they vse is the sharpest that euer I saw for they weare Coats after the common sort of verie course wooll next the flesh and girt with great coards and on their head a Cappe of the same cloath made like the Caps that are vsed in the Countrey sauing that these haue certaine flappes that fall ouer their eyes Notwithstanding that as they are nearest in kindred so they weare the rougher mourning weed The rest weare raw cloath and not so course For Father or Mother they mourne three yeeres and if he bee Louthia as soone as hee heareth the newes presently he leaueth the office he serueth and goeth to mourne to his owne house for three yeeres which being ended he goeth to the Court to demand his office The Women commonly excepting those of the Sea coast and the Mountayners are very white and fine women some hauing their noses and eyes well proportioned From their child-hood they wrap their feete in cloathes that they may remayne small and they doe it for the China's doe holde them for finer women that haue small Noses and Feete This is vsed yet among the noble people and not among the basest They weare their hayre very well combed close and tyed to the crowne of the head and bound from the rootes to the toppes with a long lace very well placed And the lace is garnished with Iewels and peeces of Gold round about They vse long Coats like the Portugall women which haue the waste in the same manner that they haue They weare vpper-bodies with long sleeues they spend commonly more Silke in their garments then their husbands but in their common apparell they are cloathed in white Linnen-cloath They make curtesies as our women doe but they make three together and very hastely They vse painting their faces with Vermilion and white Ceruse very well set They commonly keepe themselues close so that through all the Citie of Cantan there appeareth not a woman but some light huswiues and base women And when they goe abroad they are not seene for they goe in close Chayres whereof wee spake before neither when any bodie commeth into the house doth hee see them except for curiositie they chance vnder the doore-cloath to looke on them that come in when they are strange people Commonly the men haue one Wife which they buy for their money more or lesse according as they are of their Fathers and Mothers Yet may euery one haue as many wiues as hee is able to maintaine but one is the principall with whom they liue and the other he lodgeth in sundry houses And if hee hath dealings in diuers Countries hee hath in euery one a wife and house with entertainement If the wife committeth adulterie and the husband accuseth her and the adulterer both suffer death And if the husband doe suffer the wife to play the adulteresse hee is grieuously punished I being in Cantan saw a Marchant of China goe from Iustice to Iustice verie sharpely handled for suffering his wife to play the adulteresse The common women are in no wise permitted to dwell within the walls And in the Suburbes without they haue their proper streets where they dwell out of the which they may not liue All the common women are slaues they bring them vp for that purpose from their child-hood they buy them of their mothers and teach them to play on an Instrument of musique and to sing And those that can best doe this because they gaine most are worth more And those which cannot doe that are worth lesse The masters either carrie them vnto the men or sell them to them and when they are to beset in the street of the common women they are written by an Officer of the King in a Booke and the Master is bound to come euerie yeere with a certaine fee to this Officer they are bound to answer their Master so much euerie moneth When they are old with Paynting they make them seeme young And after they are not for that trade they are altogether free without any obligation either to Master or any bodie and then they feed vpon that which they haue gottten I spake so particularly of this matter for to come to say that in this Countrey of China is no greater captiuitie then this of these Wenches And let no man say or affirme any other thing for about the examining of it I laboured somewhat in Cantan because some Portugals would affirme it otherwise The captiuitie in this Countrey is in manner following If any woman by the death of her husband remayneth a widdow and hath nothing to maintayne her selfe with neither the children that are left her are such as are able to get their liuing neither hath shee any thing to giue her children this Woman in this necessitie commeth to a rich man and agreeth with him for six or seuen Crownes for a Sonne or a Daughter and the price receiued shee deliuereth it if it be a Daughter shee serueth as abouesaid for a common Woman and is brought vp for that purpose if it be a Sonne hee serueth his Master some time And when hee is of age to marrie the Master giueth him a Wife and all the Children that are borne to him remayne free and without any Obligation notwithstanding this Seruant is bound to giue his Master so much by the yeere hauing a house by himselfe for when he marrieth they giue him a house and he laboureth either at some Trade or by his industrie for to earne his liuing And no man may sell any of these Slaues to the Portugals hauing great penalties for it The Women as by being common they looke for great profit of them in no wise they will sell them besides the running into great penalties also And all those which commonly are sold to the Portugals are stollen they carry them deceiued and secretly to the Portugals and so they sell them and if they were perceiued or taken in these stealths they would bee condemned in the vtmost punishment The Lawes of China giue authoritie to the Women for to sell their Children and not to the Men for as the Men are bound to get a liuing for himselfe and for his Children if hee want the remedie they hold that hee is in the fault of that And that Man may the better labour for their liuing and their Childrens So farre is China from hauing Slaues that altogether should bee captiues that neither those which they take in warre are slaues onely they are bound to the King and are placed for Souldiers in places farre from their Countries where they were taken eating of the wages they haue of the King These doe weare for a deuice a red cap as I saw the Tartarians weare in Cantan which had beene taken in the warres §. IIII. Of their Louthias Mandarines or Magistrates their creation priuiledges maintenance Of Prisons and Tortures of the King
the things which she bringeth with her and all her house-hold stuffe But besides her they may marrie I say they may keepe and doe keepe as many as they are able as many Wiues as they will which for the most part they buy and afterward when they will sell them away againe They may not only not marrie with any Kinswomen of their Wiues but with none of that surname though they haue no shew of Alliance The sonnes of the Concubines doe likewise inherit and there is little or no difference in their state and honour to be the Sonne of the lawfull Wife or of the other neyther make they any question of it The thing wherein the Chinois are most obseruant Ceremonious and Superstitious is in their Burials Funerals and Mournings for herein they shew their obedience and loue to their Parents whereof their bookes are full It is a very ordinary thing to haue great respect to their Father and Mother and the disobedient are grieuously punished Many graue men and Mandarins begge leaue of the King to leaue their Offices which they haue and to goe home to keepe their Father and Mother company yeelding for a reason that they be old and that they would goe to serue them And it is a Petition in the sight of all men so iust that they grant it very vsually When the Father or the Mother dieth all the Sonnes and Daughters from the King to the meanest Peasant doe mourne for three yeares The mourning colour which among vs is blacke Bayes among them is white Linnen whereof they make all their apparell euen to the Cap. The first monethes they weare a very rough Sack-cloth girded with a Coard like the bare-footed Friers And though he be neuer so great a Mandarin without any exception saue only the Mandarins of the Warre assoone as hee heareth newes of the death of any of his Parents he is to leaue his Office and Dignitie and all other Employment whatsoeuer of Gouernment and Examinations of obtayning his degree and is to goe home for three yeares to burie his Father or Mother and to mourne and bewaile them The graue men which haue an house for this purpose doe not straitway burie their dead but keepe them two or three yeares in the house in a Chamber which they keepe for this Office and it is not the worst in the house and very vsually or euery day they go thither to make them a thousand Ceremonies and Reuerences and to burne Incense and other sweet sauours and to set ouer the place where they be laid meate to eate and at seuerall times many of those Bonzi doe meet and with great Ceremonies begin their Seruice and Prayers and their Sonnes Kinsefolkes and Wiues make lamentation The Mandarins do not only leaue their Offices and change their Weeds but also all the things which they did vse Many sit not in Chaires but vpon low Stooles they visit or suffer themselues to be seene very seldome they change euen the very Paper wherein they write wherein they haue a piece of another colour in token of mourning when they name themselues in their Letters they vse not the name which they did at other times but others proper to the partie as when he nameth himselfe hee calleth himselfe disobedient signifying that by his disobedience to his Parents he did not preserue them aliue They vse no kind of Musikce and many change their ordinarie Diet into courserfood Vpon the Funerall day they prouide great company many Kinsfolkes and Friends meete together all clad in white with many Bonzi according to euery mans abilitie which sing with dolefull Instruments And by their apparell which they weare and their time in singing hee that knew them not would take them for Clerkes reuested singing plaine Song for they much resemble them They make many Beeres with men of Paper or of white Silke many Banners and other Ensignes The place whither the Corps goeth is adorned with many figures the Corps is put into a very great Coffin This Nation holdeth a great part of their felicitie for them and their Successours to consist in these things of their Funerals especially in two the Coffin or Chist wherein the Corps is to be layed and the place of their buriall The stuffe to make the Coffin of wherein themselues are to bee buried and the making of the Coffin they leaue not to others to doe after their deathes neither then may the body looke for much cost to make one of these Coffins neither in this as a thing of great importance will they trust no not their owne Sons but they themselues at leisure seeke some kind of Wood that is least corruptible and Plankes which are commonly foure sixe or eight fingers thicke which because they bee so thicke and the Chists or Coffins very closely shut they can keepe their Corps in their Houses without any euill smell Some spend in making their Coffin seuenty eighty and an hundred Duckets They hold it for a felicity to be able to get one of these that is good on the contrary for a great disgrace not to haue a Coffin to burie himselfe in and they are very few which faile in that one point The Sepulchre and place thereof is the thing for choosing whereof they vse great Sorcerie or casting of Lots and doe it with great heedfulnesse and with the helpe of some that are skilfull in this Art For they hold opinion that in making a good choice of the place dependeth a great part of their owne good fortune and of their Posteritie And oftentimes they are a yeare in resoluing whether it shall looke toward the North or to any other part And therefore the greatest and most contentious Sutes which are in China are about places of Burials These places of Burials are alwayes without the wals in the fields or Mountaynes wherein they build Vaults very well made and strong of Bricke stone or other matter wherein they lay the Coffin and then close it vp very surely And afterward now and then they come thither to performe certain Ceremonies to bring things to eat They hold it very vnluckie to burie a dead man in the Citie and if they know it though he were the greatest man that is in China they will not suf-him to bewaile his dead Friends much especially those which are women There are many which beleeue the passing of the soules from one bodie into another and therefore after the death of their Father and Mother they will neuer kill any liuing beast yeelding for a reason why they will not doe so lest some of them should be their Mother or Father or some other other person And likewise many of them fast because that whereas some of them bee poore they desire afterward to be borne againe in a rich and honourable Family Although it bee true that the most part of them beleeue not in Idols and it offendeth them
case as are many of the greatest Houses of Christendome vz. the whole Stocke and Race concluded in one two or some few of the Bloud For besides the Emperour that now is who hath no child neither is like euer to haue for ought that may bee coniectured by the constitution of his body and the barrennesse of his wife after so many yeeres marriage there is but one more vz. a child of sixe or seuen yeeres old in whom resteth all the hope of the succession and the posteritie of that House As for the other brother that was eldest of the three and of the best towardnesse he died of a blow giuen him by his father vpon the head in his furie with his walking staffe or as some say of a thrust with the prong of it driuen deepe into his head That he meant him no such mortall harme when hee gaue him the blow may appeare by his mourning and passion after his sonnes death which neuer left him till it brought him to the graue Wherein may be marked the iustice of God that punished his delight in shedding of bloud with this murder of his sonne by his owne hand and so ended his dayes and tyrannie together with the murdring of himselfe by extreme griefe for this his vnhappie and vnnaturall fact The Emperours younger brother of sixe or seuen yeeres old as was said before is kept in a remote place from the Mosko vnder the tuition of his mother and her kindred of the House of the Nagaies yet not safe as I haue heard from attempts of making away by practice of some that aspire to the succession if this Emperour die without any issue The Nurse that tasted before him of certaine meat as I haue heard died presently That hee is naturall sonne to Ioan Vasilowich the Russe People warrant it by the fathers qualitie that beginneth to appeare already in his tender yeeres Hee is delighted they say to see Sheepe and other cattell killed and to looke on their throats while they are bleeding which commonly children are afraid â— behold and to beate Geese and Hennes with a staffe till he see them lie dead Besides these of the male kind there is a Widow that hath right in the succession Sister to the old Emperour and Aunt to this man sometime Wife to Magnus Duke of Holst Brother to the King of Denmarke by whom she had one daughter This woman since the death of her Husband hath beene allured againe into Russia by some that loue the succession better then her selfe which appeareth by the sequele For her selfe with her daughter so soone as they were returned into Russia were thrust into a Nunnerie where her daughter died this last yeere while I was in the Countrey of no naturall disease as was supposed The mother remayneth still in the Nunnerie where as I haue heard she bewayleth her selfe and curseth the time when she returned into Russia enticed with the hope of marriage and other faire promises in the Emperours name Thus it standeth with the Imperiall Stocke of Russia of the House of Beala which is like to determine in those that now are and to make a conuersion of the Russe estate If it be into a gouernment of some better temper and milder constitution it will be happie for the poore people that are now oppressed with intolerable seruitude THe solemnities vsed at the Russe Emperours Coronation are on this manner In the great Church of Precheste or our Ladie within the Emperours Castle is erected a Stage whereon standeth a Scrine that beareth vpon it the Imperiall Cap and Robe of very rich stuffe When the day of the Inauguration is come there resort thither first the Patriarch with the Metropolitans Arch-bishops Bishops Abbots and Priors all richly clad in their Pontificalibus Then enter the Deacons with the Quier of Singers Who so soone as the Emperour setteth foot into the Church beginne to sing Many yeeres may liue noble Theodore Iuanowich c. Whereunto the Patriarch and Metropolite with the rest of the Clergie answere with a certaine Hymne in forme of a Prayer singing it all together with a great noise The Hymne being ended the Patriarch with the Emperour mount vp the Stage where standeth a Seat ready for the Emperour Whereupon the Patriarch willeth him to sit downe and then placing himselfe by him vpon another Seate prouided for that purpose boweth downe his head towards the ground and sayeth this Prayer Oh Lord God King of Kings Lord of Lords which by thy Prophet Samuel didst choose thy seruant Dauid and anoynt him for King ouer thy People Israel heare now our Prayers and looke from thy Sanctuarie vpon this thy Seruant Theodore whom thou hast chosen and exalted for King ouer these thy holy Nations anoint him with the oyle of gladnesse protect him by thy power but vpon his head a Crowne of Gold and precious Stones giue him length of dayes place him in the Seat of Iustice strengthen his arme make subiect vnto him all the barbarous Nations Let thy feare bee in his whole heart turne him from all errour and shew him the saluation of thy holy and vniuersall Church that hee may iudge thy people with Iustice and protect the children of the poore and finally attayne euerlasting life This Prayer he speaketh with a lowe voyce and then pronounceth a lowd All prayse and power to God the Father the Sonne and the Holy Ghost The Prayer being ended he commandeth certayne Abbots to reach the Imperiall Robe and Cap which is done very decently and with great Solemnitie the Patriarch withall pronouncing alowde Peace be vnto all And so he beginneth another Prayer to this effect Bow your selues together with vs and pray to him that reigneth ouer all Preserue him oh Lord vnder thy holy protection keepe him that hee may doe good and holy things let Iustice shine forth in his dayes that we may liue quietly without strife and malice This is pronounced somewhat softly by the Patriarch whereto hee addeth againe alowd Thou art the King of the whole World and the Sauiour of our soules to thee the Father Sonne and Holy Ghost bee all prayse for euer and euer Amen Then putting on the Robe and the Cap hee blesseth the Emperour with the signe of the Crosse saying withall in the Name of the Father the Sonne and the Holy Ghost The like is done by the Metropolites Archbishops and Bishops who all in their order come to the Chaire and one after another blesse the Emperor with their two fore-fingers Then is said by the Patriarch another Praier that beginneth O most holy Virgin Mother of God c. After which a Deacon pronounceth with an high lowd voyce Many yeeres to Noble Theodore good honourable beloued of God great Duke of Volodemer of Mosko Emperour and Monarch of all Russia c. Whereto the other Priests and Deacons that stand somewhat farre of by the Altar or Table answere singing Many yeeres many yeeres to the Noble
gallowes made of stone with woodden rafters crosse and to poure it into the mouth of one of the dead men which there alway hang after execution his mouth who presently cryed like a beast as the boy reuealed and they thereupon cryed they were cosined a murren followed which should haue been a plague Many Iewes executed for it which yet the Iewes said to bee a pretence for their money The Iewes that farmed the Custome at Samaiden in Curland killed a Polonish Merchant without punishment beating out his braines for delaying to open his packe Hee returned out of Poland into Prussia to Torne the first place obtained by the Kreitzherne where they built a Castle about an Oake which standeth there still but is dead Thence along the Vistle where the Poles haue their Masts c. with wares three miles together tyed downe the streame to Dantzike thence into Pomerland farre more barren then Prussia to Cassubia Cosslin Colberg Thence to Statin euery way exceeding pleasant and good Thence to Rostock in Mockelberg Thence to Lubeck a fairer Citie then Danske so to Oldsloe to Hamberg to Breme to Limenberg to Mansuelt to Bamberg and thence through Bohemia into Silesia to Bresslaw where hee went to schoole three yeeres whence into Polonia againe and thence to Pruss Thence home into England Hee went againe into Norway to Nilus Bashus c. It is a barren soyle as being nothing but Rockes and Valleyes the Rockes are couered with grasse and the ground betweene they digge and sow with Corne which yet is not able to satisfie the Country The difference betweene the Gentlemen and Bore is in his command being otherwise as raggedly apparrelled as hee with twentie patches on his breech and barefoot in winter In Sweden he was at Stockholm the chiefe Citie These now vnder Duke Charles hold warre with their King yet all things passing vnder his name but so hating the Poles that though of another Nation neither the long attire neither their Curb or hooked Sword can passe safely among the Bores for suspition of being Poles and the rather because they were made beleeue that the Pole was ayded against them by the Tartars that were man-eaters They are strong in shipping and had giuen the Dane the ouerthrow at the battle at Bornaholm had he not beene assisted by the Lubeckers with money c. One also of whose Ships with a shot fired and blew vp the Admirall of the Sweden The Lubeckers therefore pay no custome to the Danes and for their costs hold Boraholm till they be satisfied out of the Reuenewes thereof In Sweden as in Friesland and other those Countries the Lord holdeth the other his Tenants as Villaines and Slaues and at his pleasure ships their Horses and Daughters to Reuell and there sells them a bushell and halfe a Culmet of Salt for a woman which yet is of person and complexion very comely and very able to doe worke He came againe to Leefland and thence to Finland where hee was with an English Captaine in a Castle and thence into Liuonia and so into Russia c. Besides those his Easterne trauels he hath bin in our neerer neighbor places as in Belgia France Spaine Portugall c. and passed to the West Indies by the Ilands of Cape Verd in three of which S. S. Ant on Vincent Lucie the Inhabitants cannot prosper nor liue long saue in those Ilands which yet are vnkind to other forrainers He hath also beene in Guinea in Barbary in the Straits at Carthage where the old ruines remaine and the stones of Marble c. worth the bringing home in Italy Slauonia Morea at Venice often at Ferrara Padua Mat. Angelo thence to Fermo to Loretto where he visited the Ladie of Loretto it is one street walled about the Temple faire and in the Temple of our Ladies house inscriptions innumerable of diuers languages affirming it to haue fled the Turkes conquests from Iury into Sclauonia and from thence also hither Here forsooth it was placed in a piece of ground belonging to two Brethren which because of this new quest and request could not agree on the proprietie and to auoyde further suite in the night it was found remooued to a vacant place by the high-way and there this Temple built whither resort Pilgrimes in troopes as to a Mart from diuers Nations The street on one side all Innes on the other makers of Images Beades and such other holy bables heere sanctified by touch of Madonne The Temple is hanged about with Monuments of her exploits vpon vowes conceiued in distres of Warres Diseases c. heere hang the old Swords c. There are two Vestries of incredible wealth and Priests of diuers Nations for their proper Pilgrimes The House low and meane builded with white Brickes such as in Barbarie they burne in the Sun There are two roomes in one whereof the Chimney where shee dressed her meate and her dishes c. In the other her selfe or statue with a Childe aloft of blacke colour to whom one whose office it is on a staffe like a Musket-rest doth lift vp Beades c. by her touch to bee hallowed The French Queene sent her a Present to hang about her necke which present would pull her in peeces by the weight It is round two foot in diameter made like a Sunne in the center a Carbuncle the rest set with Diamonds the rayes pointed with orient Pearles the Brickes miraculously cannot bee remooued to which end they report of a Bishops superstitious steale who was not able to passe without restitution Trauelling in diuers places of Italy Rome c. hee returned by the Alpes from Venice to Mestre thence to Treuise so to Sâ—raualle a Towne of Blade-smithes which with Water-workes grinde and hammer their Mettals thence vp the Alpes by a passage so narrow cut out of the Rocke that sometime the Horse hoofe hung ouer it beeing a steepe mile high a Riuer running vnder Thus to Basill thence backe to Tiroll After all ihese trauels in these parts of Europe better knowne and those others in the more vnknowne and in Africa and America hee much affecting the Virginia businesse and especially that of Bermuda went thither to order publike affaires And after all this as you haue heard went in place of Cape Merchant to the East Indies and being Captaine of the English House at Bantam there and thence trauelled to his long home This I thought good to adde to the former relations which I receiued many yeeres since from his owne mouth beeing my louing and familiar friend and for a generall Traueller by Sea and Land in hote and cold Countries of the old and new world not easily matchable Had hee liued I would haue better perfected these short Notes but Death it selfe hath not taken from mee his loue shall not from the world his memory I rather chusing to giue the world these vnpolished Notes as his then either to burie them with him
embracements And least the miserable cry of the children in horrible torment being heard might moone the bowels of the parents the Priests of Moloch filled the ayre and skie on euery side with the harsh sound of Trumpets and striking vp of Drummes so long as the sacrifice continued Whereupon also the place was named Tophet which signifieth a Drumme This Adricomus writeth And least any might thinke that the common people onely of the Iewes became thus blinde behold Kings Ahaz 2. King 16. 2. Paralip 28. Manasses there in the 21. and 33. where also the ancient custome of the Nations may bee alleaged But that crueltie and those sacrifices of Saturne seeme not to haue continued long with the Islanders and surely they were vsed no where else saue in the two places assigned Nor yet of all the Inhabitants of that Prouince where it was exercised For it is reported of Hiâ—rleifus the companion of â—ugulfus before mentioned that he altogether abhorred the worshipping of Idols And Helgo also surnamed Biola descended from the Barons of Norway an inhabitant of the Prouince of Rialarues fauoured the Ethnick Religion but a little for he receiued an Irish man a banished Christian into his neighbourhood one named Ornulfus with his families which came with him and did not onely receiue him but also permitted him to build a Church consecrated to Saint Columbe in the Village of Escuberg A yong man also of the same Prouince called Buo destroied that most accursed Temple of humane sacrifices with fire and burned all the Gods although afterward it was repaired by the Proprietors Moreouer Torchillus surnamed Mane it may bee because hee honoured the Moone called Mane and the rest of the Starres with more Religion then the rest a man of a very vpright life and famous among the Nobilitie of Island a little before the agonie of death caused himselfe to bee set forth ouer against the Sunne and openly admiring the workmanship of Heauen and the whole World commended his Soule departing when he was readie to die to that God who created the Sunne and the rest of the Starres He liued about the yeere of Christ 970. The same or the like may be reported of very many others while Ethnicisme yet continued As of Hallerus a certaine inhabitant of South Island who because hee followed not the worship of Idols was called Godlaus that is to say 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as was also his sonne Helgo The publique Offices some of them are distinguished from hence others haue their originall from some other place Those which are taken from hence are a Reppagogie that I may deuise a word and the administration of Prouinces to wit as that partition into Reppes and Prouinces ended as it were in sundrie species but both had some kinde of gouernment ioyned with it For aswell the Reppagogi for so I may call the Masters of Reppes as the prouinciall Gouernours proclaimed Assemblies established Iudgements euery one in their Court and punished the guiltie whereby it is euident that they also vsed the Law of Appeale in forren Causes for in their own euen priuate men had libertie of Appeale so that I need not doubt that the Reppagogi also were comprehended vnder the Title of a Magistrate Who is defined by Bodinus to bee Hee that hath part of a publique gouernment Metho hist. cap. 16. I added saith he the word Publique that it might be distinguished from the gouernment of a Master or a Father If therefore any would desire a more perfect distinction of a Magistrate it should be such A Magistrate is inferior or superior The inferior is a Reppagogie or Gouernour of fiue men which fiue inhabitants chosen for gouernment of the Reppes vsed in euery Reppe whom we are here compelled to call Reppagogie and The fiue men they call them Hreppflior ar appointed first for their wisedome and integritie next for the possession of immoueable goods vnlesse concerning this latter it seeme good to doe otherwise by the common opinion Moreouer the Office of the Reppagogi is limited by the care of the Poore But that which the care of the Poore required euery one within the bounds of their Reppe endeuored to attaine by these two meanes First that they should prouide that none should bee suddenly brought to extreme pouertie as much surely as consisteth in mans pollicy Secondly how they might prouide for such as were become Beggars to be maintayned by the common aide And surely they attempted the first part of their office three manner of wayes first by making Lawes against such as through their owne fault speaking after the manner of men became beggars of which sort are those titul de exhaeredandis cap. 3. Parentibus mendicis natus ipse hâ—stiatim victum quaerendo educatus nisi morbo affectus hareditatem nullam adito c. that is to say So long as he liueth from doore to doore The 18. chapter of the same and the first three yeere next from the time of begging cap. 20. Least any vnder a feigned shew of vertue should deceiue and abuse the Lawes Also Altera lex de eiusmodi mendicis impunè castrandis etiamsi cum eorundem nece coniunctum foret titul de pupillis cap. 33. to wit Lest liuing from doore to doore they might beget children like vnto the parents which afterwards should be a burden to the Commonwealth Also a third Law De ijsdem mendicis non alendis titul de mendicis cap. 39.63 not repugnant to the commandement of the Apostle Hoe that laboureth not let him not eate 2. Thes. 3. and of not receiuing them so much as into their house cap. 45. of the same a grieuous penaltie being inflicted if any offended against this Law in the same place By which Decree what other thing I pray you is meant then the custome of the Athenians in times past among whom the Areopagitae inquired of the particular Citizens by what art euery one liued and prouided to haue them called in question who gaue themselues to filthy and slothfull idlenesse What other thing I say then what was meant by the Decree of the Massilienses who forbad them to enter their Citie who knew no arte whereby to sustaine their life and lest any should practise either vnprofitable or dishonest artes they gaue no place to Players counterfeit Iesters laughing Companions sawcy Scoffers and Iugglers To conclude What other thing then what the Decree of Solon meant who ordayned a Law that the children should owe no thanks nor fauour to their parents by whom they had beene instructed in no honest arte to get their liuing The ancient World had so great and vehement prouocations vnto Vertue euen with our Countrimen which in this last age ah too degenerate you may finde wanting with griefe all these Constitutions being taken away Wherefore the number 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that I may vse the word of Paul is more abundantly increased that is to say of them
killed sufficient to fill all our Casks to leaue for them if there be occasion The foure and twentieth of Iune there was killed at Faire-hauen eighteene Whales which proue verie small to yeelde by their estimation one hundred and twentie tunnes hauing there fiue Flemmings well fortified and ships of fiue hundred Tuns some of them and two more expected thither euerie day which I feare will hinder much our shippes in their fishing this yeare and in my iudgement not to be remoued from thence for they hauing a Commission from the States to fish vpon this Coast were our whole Fleete there and could put them away yet would they flie to one of our Southerne harbours and so should we spend our time in following of them and lose our Voyage There were two French Ships of Saint Iohn de Luz at Faire-Hauen which were put away by the Flemmings and our Ships which they iudge are gone for the Cape With a beanie heart I write you the lamentable accident which happened here the eight and twentieth of Iune our shallops all out in chase and my selfe asleepe my brother hauing a shallop lying by the ships side spide a Whale going into the Ice Bay followed him and strucke him and his rope being new ranne out with kinckes which ouerthrew his shallop where he lost his life with my Boy Bredrake being as we thinke carried away with the rope the dearest Whale to me that euer was strucke in this harbour there was neuer anie losse I thinke went so neere my heart c. Many other Letters I could haue added but doubt I haue already wearied you with this vncouth Coast whereto our English Neptunes are now so wonted that there they haue found not onely Venison but Pernassus and Helicon and haue melted a Musaa◠Fountain out of the Greenland Snowes and Icie Rockes who le Elaborate Poems haue I seene of Master Heley as also of Iames Presson there composed but we haue harsher Discoueries in hand to which wee are now shipping you This I thought good at our parting to aduertise thee that Master Heley hath affirmed to me touching the diuersitie of weather in Greeneland that one day it hath beene so cold the winds blowing out of some quarter that they could scarce handle the frozen sailes another day so hot that the pitch melted off the ship so that hardly they could keepe their cloathes from pollution yea he hath seene at midnight Tobacco lighted or fired by the Sunne-beames with a Glasse Likewise for a farewell to our Whale-storie I thought good to deliuer Stowes relation touching a Whale somewhat differing in forme from those here vsually found in Greeneland my selfe also hauing spoken with some diligent viewers thereof in Thanet where it was taken Iulie 9. 1574. shooting himselfe on shore besides Rammesgate in the Parish of Saint Peter and there dying forsaken of his Ocean parent Hee came on shoare about sixe of the clocke at night and died about sixe the next morning before which time he roared and was heard more then a mile on the land The length was two and twentie yards the nether iaw twelue foote in the opening one of his eyes which in the Greene-land Whale is verie small not much greater then the eye of an Oxe being taken out of his head was more then sixe Horses in a Cart could draw a man stood vpright in the place whence the eye was taken The thicknesse from the backe whereon he lay to his bellie which was vpwards was fourteene foote his taile of the same breadth three men stood vpright in his mouth betwixt his eyes twelue foote some of the ribs sixteene foote long the tongue fifteene foote long his liuer two Cart load into his nostrils anie man might haue crept the Oyle of his head Spermaciti c. CHAP. IX The late changes and manifold alterations in Russia since IVAN VASILOWICH to this present gathered out of many Letters and Obseruations of English Embassadors and other Trauellers in those parts §. I. Of the reigne of IVAN PHEODOR◠his sonne and of BORIS REader I here present thee not what I would of Russian affaires but what I could We Englishmen vnder the gouernment of his Maiestie haue enioyed such a Sun-shine of peace that our Summers day to many hath beene tedious they haue loathed their Manna and lenged for I know not what Egyptians flesh pots For what else are Warres but pots set ouer the fire of Anger how often of Furie yea of Hell the Furies or Deuils blowing the coales and boyling mans flesh who le Families Villages Townes Cities Shires Prouinces not onely hurried thereby in confusions of State harried and enflamed with combustions of goods and goodnesse but the flesh of Men Women and Children but chered and as it were boyled beyond the manifold shapes of Death vnto the bones into the Vapors Froth Scumme Chaos nothing and lesse then nothing of Humanitie Such is the inhumanitie the immanitie the inanitie of Warres And such Warres haue made impressions into all our Neighbour Countries whiles wee sit vnder the shadow of Beati Pacifici haue lightened on Turkie and blasted the Seraglio haue thunder-stricken Barbarie haue torne the Atlas there and rent the Grison Alpes in Europe haue shaken France with earthquakes haue raysed Belgian stormes Bohemian broyles Hungarian gusts Germanian whirlewinds these selfe-diuided in Ciuill that is the vilest vnciuillest massacres and worst of Warres that I mention not the inundations and exundations of Poland the Snowes and Mists of Sweden the Danish Hailes and Frosts But all these and more then all these Tempests Turnado's Tuffons haue combined in Russia and there made their Hell-mouth centre there pitching the Tents of Destruction there erecting the Thrones of Desolation Pestilence and Famine had gone two yeeres before as direful Heralds to denounce these dreadfull warres and mutations of State the Pestilence possessing the Northerne parts of the World and dispossesing it of many thousands the Famine in Russia wanting necessaries to eate necessarily deuoured all things not onely Cats Mice and impure Creatures but mens flesh also and that in neerest necessitude Parents reuoking to their wombes by vnnaturall passage the dearest pledges of Nature which hauing euen now dyed with hunger were made preseruatiues from like death to those which first had giuen them life The Mightier made sale of the Poorer yea Fathers and Mothers of their Sonnes and Daughters and Husbands of their Wiues that price might bee had to buy Corne which was now beyond all names of whatsoeuer price credible But these things must be further searched Bloudinesse is a slipperie foundation of Greatnesse and the Mercifull haue the promise to finde mercy other wisedome how euer seeming politike is earthly sensuall deuillish yea ruine to the foole-wise Consultors as appeareth in Pharaohs working wisely that is cruelly to preuent the multiplying Israelites The greatest of Creatures on Sea and Land the Elephant and Whale liue on grasse weeds
at Yeres a House at Vologda a House at Colmogro and a House at Michael the Archangell being the shipping place these said Houses they shall keepe as in former time according to this our Imperiall Letter of fauour or gratified without paying any manner of Rent or any other duties whatsoeuer either at Mosko Yereslaue Vologda Colmogro or at the Castle of the Archangell neither shall they pay any taxe Also at those Houses at Yereslaue Vologda Colmogro and at Archangell they shall haue House-keepers of their owne Countrey-men or Russes of a meane sort that are not Merchants a man or two in a House to lay vp their goods in those Houses and to make sale of their goods out of those Houses to whom they will according to this our Imperiall Letter of fauour but their Russe House-keepers in their absence shall not sell any of their Commodities And the English Merchants shal come with their ship to their Port as in former times they haue done to vnlade their goods out of their ships and likewise to lade them againe with our Russia Commodities at their owne charges of Boates and hire of men and ferrying ouer the said goods from their ships to their House at the Castle of Archangell Likewise our Officers Customers and Swornemen shall take a iust note of all such goods as they haue both of Russia and English Commodities and the note to passe vnder the Merchants Firma because it may be knowne what goods passeth of the strangers and of the Russes But they shall not looke ouer their goods neither vnbind any packs in any place and when they doe send their owne Englishmen from Archangell to our Citie of Mosko or doe send Russia Commodities into their owne Land Then all our Officers and Customers shall let them passe without delay according to this our Letter of fauour And whensoeuer the Merchants shall be desirous to send any of their owne Countreymen into their owne Land or into any other Kingdome ouer Land they shall doe it freely with our Imperiall Maiesties order without carrying any Commoditie ouer with them and they shall haue their Letters of Passe giuen them in the Embassdours Office And concerning any matters of debate or controuersie in Merchandize or iniurie then they shall be iudged by the Keeper of the Seale and Secretarie Vassily Yacolowich Shelcolou doing right and Iustice to both parties with equitie and truth and what cannot be found out by Law or Inquisition there shall be vsed Lots His Lot that is taken forth shall haue right done vnto him Likewise in what place else in all our Kingdome there doe happen any matter of discord in Merchandize or by iniurie then our men of authoritie or Gouernours and all manner of our Officers shall doe true Iustice betweene them and what cannot be sought out by Law shall be sought out by Lot his Lot that is taken out shall haue right done vnto him as before mentioned as also they shall not take any custome or dutie of them for any Law matter not in any place in our Kingdome Moreouer this our Imperiall Letter in all our Realme and Dominion our Officers and all manner of our subiects shall not disobey or breake it in any point whatsoeuer but if there bee any that doth disobey this our Imperiall Letter of fauour that then those people shall bee in our high displeasure and executed to death This our Imperiall Letter of gratitude is giuen at our Imperiall Palace and House in our Citie of Mosko from the yeere of the beginning of the World 7107. in the month of Nouember being vnderwritten as followeth By the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Boris Pheodorowich of all Russia selfe-vpholder his Keeper of the Seale and Secretarie by name Vassily Yacolowich Sheallcaloue §. III. One pretending himselfe to be DEMETRIVS with the Popes and Poles helpes attayneth the Russian Empire his Arts Acts Marriage fauour to the English and miserable end HAuing thus presented you Boris his Tragedie out of that printed Author and his Grant to the English from a written Copie it shall not bee amisse to take more leisurely and mature view of this Pretender against whom Boris his desire of secrecie permitting none guiltie of the murther to suruiue had vnfurnished him of Arguments He produced a Purse giuen him by his Mother with the Historie of his life after that sending him away and acknowledging another whom she was more willing to act that bloudy Scene then her own Son with other particulars which bred strong confidence in such as weary of Boris were desirous it should be so But for the death of the yong Emperor his mother it is by most ascribed to Demetrius who seeing the people of Musco his friends and the Emperour and his Mother in hold pretended he could not come thither whiles his enemies liued wherevpon they in a mutinie slue them to auert the enuie whereof it is probable that it was made to be their owne act and their Keepers therefore by him imprisoned Boris his daughter was thrust into a Nunnerie and so made dead also to the succession But as I haue before deliuered out of that diligent learned and sincere Historian Thuanus Boris his attayning the Scepter I shall likewise intreat your patience out of him to receiue these Relations of Demetrius Thuanus writeth that after the murther of that true or false Demetrius some yeeres after in the borders of Polonia and Muscouia appeared one which called himselfe Demetrius and in testimonie thereof shewed a Wart in his face and one arme shorter then the other noted before in the true Demetrius a man of sharpe wit bold courage liberall mind gentle behauiour and of parts composed to a Scepter-worthinesse First was he made knowne to the Iesuites of principall note in Poland to whom he promised if he might receiue helpe for the recouery of his just Inheritance his first care should be to reduce the Russians to the Vnion of the Romish Church This thing was commended to the Pope as conducing to the enlarging of the holy See by his ayde and furtherance with the Polish King and Nobilitie to be promoted which also was done by the Iesuites themselues who brought him to George Miecinsy Palatine of Sendomir a man potent in that Kingdome with whom he couenanted also to marrie his Daughter if hee succeeded in his Russian Enterprize He had lurked awhile in Liefland casting off his Cowle and had there learned to speake and write the Latine Tongue and had written to Pope Clement the Eighth with his owne hand not inelegantly And being by the said Palatine and Visnouitzi his Sonne in Law brought before King Sigismund he made a pithy and Masculine speech that he should remember that himselfe had beene borne in Prison and Captiuitie whence Gods mercie had deliuered him to learne him to succour others afflicted with like disastre Thus by the Kings fauour the Palatines money the Iesuites industrie not to mention the
illusion whatsoeuer They report of one of the Kings Inguis a man of a subtile spirit who seeing that all his predecessours had worshipped the Sunne said that he did not take the Sunne to be God neither could it be for that God was a great Lord who with great quiet and leasure performed his workes and that the Stone doth neuer cease his course saying that the thing which laboured so much could not seeme to be God They came to the height of Idolatry by the same meanes the Scripture maketh mention of first they had a care to keepe the bodies of their Kings and Noblemen whole from any ill scent or corruption aboue two hundred yeeres In this sort were their Kings Inguas in Cusco euery one in his Chappell and Oratory so as the Marquesse of Canette beeing Viceroy to root out Idolatry caused three or foure of their Gods to be drawne out and carried to the Citie of Kings which bred a great admiration to see these bodies dead so many yeeres before remayne so faire and also whole Euery one of these Kings Inguas left all his Treasure and Reuenues to entertayne the place of worship where his body was laid and there were many Ministers with all his Family dedicated to his seruice for no King Successor did vsurpe the Treasureâ— and Plate of his Peedecessor but he did gather all new for himselfe and his Palace They were not content with this Idolatry to dead bodies but also they made their figures and representations and euery King in his life time caused a figure to be made wherein he was represented which they called Guaoigui which signifieth Brother for that they should doe to this Image during his life and death as much honour and reuerence as to himselfe They carried this Image to the warres and in procession for raine or faire weather making sundry Feasts and Sacrifices vnto them There haue beene many of these Idols in Cusco and in that Territory but now they say that this Superstition of worshipping of stones hath altogether ceased or for the most part after they had beene discouered by the diligence of the Licentiate Pollo and the first was that of the Inguas Rocha chiefe of the faction or race of Hanam Cusco And we find that among other Nations they had in great estimation and reuerence the bodies of their Predecessors and did likewise worship their Images THe Indians of Peru beleeued commonly that the Soules liued after this life and that the good were in glorie and the bad in paine so as there is little difficultie to perswade them to these Articles But they are not yet come to the knowledge of that point that the bodies should rise with the Soules And therefore they did vse a wonderfull care as it is said to preserue the bodies which they honoured after death to this end their Successors gaue them Garments and made Sacrifices vnto them especially the Kings Inguas being accompanied at their Funerals with a great number of seruants and women for his seruice in the other life and therefore on the day of his decease they did put to death the woman he had loued best his Seruants and Officers that they might serue him in the other life When as the Guanacapa dyed who was father to Atagualpa at what time the Spaniards entred they put to death aboue a thousand persons of all ages and conditions for his seruice to accompany him in the other life after many songs and drunkennesse they slew them and these that were appointed to death held themselues happy They did sacrifice many things vnto them especially yong children and with the bloud they made a stroake on the dead mans face from one eare to the other This superstition and inhumanity to kill both men and women to accompany and serue the dead in the other life hath beene followed by others and is at this day vsed amongst some other barbarous Nations And as Pollo wâ—ites it hath beene in a manner generall throughout all the Indies The reuerent Beda reports that before the Englishmen were conuerted to the Gospell they had the same custome to kill men to accompany and serue the dead It is written of a Portugall who being captiue among the Barbarians had beene hurt with a dart so as he lost one eye and as they would haue sacrificed him to accompany a Nobleman that was dead he said vnto them that those that were in the other life would make small account of the dead if they gaue him a blinde man for a companion and that it were better to giue him an attendant that had both his eyes This reason being found good by the Barbarians they let him goe Besides this superstition of sacrificing men to the dead being vsed but to great Personages there is another farre more generall and common in all the Indies which is to set meate and drinke vpon the graue of the dead imagining they did feede thereon the which hath likewise beene an errour amongst the Auncients as Saint Austine writes and therefore they gaue them meate and drinke At this day many Indian Infidels do secretly draw their dead out of the Churchyard and bury them on hils or vpon passages of Mountaines or else in their owne houses They haue also vsed to put Gold and Siluer in their mouth hands and bosome and to apparell them with new Garments durable and well lined vnder the herse They beleeue that the soules of the dead wandred vp and downe and indure cold thirst hunger and trauel and for this cause they make their anniuersaries carrying them cloathes meate and drinke HAuing reported what many Nations of Peru haue done with their dead it shall not be from the purpose to make particular mention of the Mexicans in this point whose mortuaries were much solemnised and full of notable follies It was the office of the Priests and religious of Mexico who liued there with a strange obseruance as shall be said hereafter to interre the dead and doe their obsequies The places where they buried them was in their Gardens and in the Courts of their owne houses others carried them to the places of sacrifices which were done in the Mountaines others burnt them and after buried the ashes in their Temples and they buried them all with whatsoeuer they had of Apparell Stones and Iewels They did put the ashes of such as were burnt into pots and with them the Iewels Stones and Eare-rings of the dead how rich and precious soeuer They did sing the Funerall offices like to answeres and did often lift vp the dead bodies doing many ceremonies At these mortuaries they did eate and drinke and if it were a person of quality they gaue apparell to all such as came to the interment When any one dyed they laid him open in a chamber vntill that all his kinsfolks and friends were come who brought presents vnto the dead and saluted him as if he were liuing And if he were
time of seditions whereof there was great neede Don Martin the Viceroy appointed ordinary Posts at euery foure leagues to carry and recarry dispatches which were very necessary in this Realme though they run not so swiftly as the ancients did neither are there so many yet they are well paied and serue as the ordinaries of Spaine to whom they giue Letters which they carry foure or fiue leagues EVen as such as had done any good seruice in warre or in the gouernment of the Common-weale were honoured and recompensed with publike charges with Lands giuen them in proper with armes and titles of honour and in marrying wiues of the Inguas linage Euen so they gaue seuere punishments to such as were disobedient and offenders They punished murther theft and adultery with death and such as committed incest with ascendants or descendants in direct line were likewise punished with death But they held it no adultery to haue many wiues or concubines neither were the women subiect to the punishment of death being found with any other but onely she that was the true and lawfull wife with whom they contracted marriage for they had but one whom they did wedde and receiue with a particular solemnitie and ceremonie which was in this manner The Bridegroome went to the Brides house and led her from thence with him hauing first put an Ottoya vpon her foote They call the shooe which they vse in those parts Ottoya being open like the Franciscan Friars If the Bride were a maide her Ottoya was of Wooll but if she were not it was of Reedes All his other wiues and concubines did honour and serue this as the lawfull wife who alone after the decease of her husband carried a mourning weede of blacke for the space of a yeare neither did she marry vntill that time were past and commonly she was yonger then her husband The Ingua himselfe with his owne hand gaue this woman to his Gouernours and Captaines and the Gouernours or Caciques assembled all the yong men and maides in one place of the Citie where they gaue to euerie one his wife with the aforesaid ceremonie in putting on the Ottoya and in this manner they contracted their marriages If this woman were found with any other then her husband she was punished with death and the adulterer likewise and although the husband pardoned them yet were they punished although dispensed withall from death They inflicted the like punishment on him that did commit incest with his Mother Grandmother Daughter or Grandchilde for it was not prohibited for them to marrie together or to haue of their other kinsfolke for concubines onely the first degree was defended neither did they allow the brother to haue the company of his sister wherein they of Peru were very much deceiued beleeuing that their Inguas and Noblemen might lawfully contract marriage with their sisters yea by father and mother for in truth it hath beene alwaies held vnlawfull among the Indians and defended to contract in the first degree which continued vntill the time of Top◠Ingua Yupangui father to Guaynacapa and grandfather to Atahualpa at such time as the Spaniards entred Peru for that Topa Ingua Yupangui was the first that brake this custome marrying with Mamaoello his sister by the fathers side decreeing that the Inguas might marrie with their sisters by the fathurs side and no other This he did and by that marriage he had Guaynacapa and a daughter called Coya Cussillimay finding himselfe at the point of death he commanded his children by father and mother to marrie together and gaue permission to the Noblemen of his Countrie to marrie with their sisters by the fathers side And for that this marriage was vnlawfull and against the law of nature God would bring to an end this Kingdome of the Inguas during the raigne of Guascar Ingua and Atahualpa Ingua which was the fruite that sprang from this marriage Who so will more exactly vnderstand the manner of marriages among the Indians in Peru let him reade the Treatise Polo hath written at the request of Don Ieronimo Loaisa Archbishop of Kings which Polo made a very curious search as he hath done of diuers other things at the Indies BY the commandement of Don Phillip the Catholike King they haue made the most diligent and exact search that could be of the beginning customes and priuiledges of the Inguas the which was not so perfectly done as was desired for that the Indians had no written Records yet the haue recouered that which I shall write by meanes of their Quippos and Registers First there was not in Peru in old time any King or Lord to whom all obeyed but they were Comminalties as at this day there is in the Realme of Chille and in a manner in all the Prouinces which the Spaniards haue conquered in those Westerne Indies except the Realme of Mexico You must therefore vnderstand that they haue found three manner of Gouernements at the Indies The first and best was a Monarchie as that of the Inguas and of Moteçum◠although for the most part they were tyrannous The second was of Comminalties where they were gouerned by the aduise and authority of many which are as it were Counsellors Thele in time of warre made choise of a Captaine to whom a whole Nation or Prouince did obey and in time of peace euery Towne or Comminalty did rule and gouerne themselues hauing some chiefe men whom the vulgar did respect and sometime though not often some of them assemble together about matters of importance to consult what they should thinke necessary The third kinde of Gouernment is altogether barbarous composed of Indians without Law without King and without any certaine place of abode but goe in troopes like sauage beasts As farre as I can conceiue the first Inhabitants of the Indies were of this kinde as at this day a great part of the Bresillians Chiraguanas Chunchos Yscycingas Pilcocones and the greatest part of the Floridians and all the Chichimaquas in new Spaines Of this kinde the other sort of gouernment by Comminalties was framed by the industry and wisdome of some amongst them in which there is some more order holding a more staied place as at this day those of Auracano and of Teucapell in Chille and in the new Kingdome of Grenado the Moscas and the Ottomittes in new Spaine and in all these there is lesse fiercenesse and inciuilitie much more quiet then in the rest Of this kinde by the valor knowledg of some excellent men grew the other gouernment more mighty and potent which did institute a Kingdome and Monarchy It appeares by their Registers that their Gouernment hath continued aboue three hundred yeares but not fully foure although their Seigniorie for a long time was not aboue fiue or six leagues compasse about the Citie of Cusco their originall and beginning was in the valley of Cusco where by little and little they conquered
a matter of importance they appealed from the Counsell Chamber before Moteçuma the King himselfe where the matter was concluded In the Chamber that is intituled The Counsell Chamber of warre were prouided Captaines and Armies for the warres as was appointed by Moteçuma A The Throne and Maiestie of Moteçuma where he sate on Court-dayes and on iudgement B Moteçuma C a house where the Lords of Tâ—nayâ—ca Chienauhtla and Colhuacan were lodged that were friends and confederates of Moteçuma D a house where the chiefe Lords of Tezcucoytacuba were lodged that were Moteçuma his friends EFG The Court of the royall houses of Moteçuma HK These lines that goe vpward are the steps to the Courts of the royall houses of Moteçuma I The counsell chamber of warre K The counsell chamber of Moteçuma L These foure are as Auditors of the counsell of Moteçuma wise men M Pleaders and Sutors that in the degree and appellation from the Alcaldes doe present themselues and appeare before the Auditors of the counsell of Moteçuma THe father and the sonne that sit against each other face to face signifie that the father giueth his sonne good counsell that he be not vicious laying before him for example that those which come to vertue come afterwards in credit with the Lords and Casiques In that they giue them honest offices and doe vse them to be their Messengers and they doe admit Musicians and Singers vnto their feasts and weddings for the credit they beare 2 The pictured in the house where they meane to talke and prouide for publike affaires and the Steward that sitteth therein doth signifie that there are before him weeping because it hath happened vnto them to be occupied in bodily labour that the Coas and Guacales doe represent And the Steward is giuing them good counsell and exhorting them to flee idlenesse is the cause that they come to be Theeues and players at the Ball and players at Patol after the manner of Dice from which Games doe spring theft for to satisfie and fulfill such vices 3 The Carpenter Lapidane Painter Gold-smith and garnisher of feathers signifie that those Artificers teach their sonnes their occupation from their childhood that when they are men they might follow their Trade and spend their time in things of vertue giuing them counsell that of idlenesse commeth euill vices and so euill tongues tale-bearing drunkennesse and theeuerie and many other euill vices A a Messenger BCD The father counselleth his sonne to apply himselfe to all vertue E One hauing a ghest entertayneth a Musician FGI a house where they meâ—t for publike affaires H The Petlacalcatl KM Coa and Guacal LN Touthes O a vagabond P a player at the ball Q a Thiefe R a player at Patol or Dice after their manner S a Carpenter T The Carpenters sonne V a Lapidarie W The Lapidaries sonne X a Painter Y The Painters sonne Z a Gold-smith The Gold-smiths sonne Aa An ill tongued man and tale-bearer Bb An artificer that garnisheth with feathers Cc The artificers sonne Dd a drunkard Ee a drunkard and thiefe the last worke like a halter seemes to signifie the euill ends which such come to The particular punishments follow in the next picture A These two Pictures signifie that the young men that were drunke with Wine dyed for that according to the Law B A young man that was drunke C A young woman if shee were drunke with Wine was killed heere according to the Lawes of Mexico D A Thiefe they stoned him to death according to the Lawes of the Lords of Mexico E These two Pictures layed and couered with clothes doe shew that if any man had carnall dealing with a married woman they stoned them both to death according to the Lawes of the Lords of Mexico F An old man of threescore and tenne yeeres hath licence to drinke Wine and to bee drunke aswell publikely as secretly because he is so old and hath Sonnes and Nephewes at which yeeres Wine and drunkennesse was not forbidden them G An old woman wife to the old man aboue pistured had priuiledge to bee drunke as well as her Husband because shee had children and childrens children and to all those of the like age drunkennesse was not forbidden them CHAP. VIII Conquest of Mexico and New Spaine by HERNANDO CORTES HErnando Cortes was borne at Medellin in Andulozia a Prouince of Spaine Anno 1485. When he was nineteene yeeres old he sayled to the Iland of Saint Domingo where Ouando the Gouernour kindly entertayned him He went to the conquest of Cuba in the yeere 1511. as Clerke to the Treasurer vnder the conduct of Iames Velasques who gaue vnto him the Indians of Manicorao where hee was the first that brought vp Kine Sheepe and Mares and had heards and flockes of them and with his Indians he gathered great quantitie of Gold so that in short time he was able to put in two thousand Castlins for his stocke with Andres de Duero a Merchant At this time Christopher Morante had sent Anno 1517. Francis Hernandes de Cordoua who first discouered Xucatan whence he brought nothing except the relation of the Country but stripes whereupon Iames Velasques in the yeere 1518. sent his Kinsman Iohn de Grijalua with two hundred Spaniards in foure ships he traded in the Riuer of Tauasco and for trifles returned much Gold and curious workes of feathers Idols of Gold a whole harnesse or furniture for an armed man of Gold thin beaten Eagles Lions and other pourtratures found in Gold c. But while Grijalua deferred his returne Velasques agreed with Cortes to bee his partner in the Discouery which he gladly accepted and procured licence from the Gouernours in Domingo and prepared for the Voyage Velasques afterward vsed all meanes to breake off in so much that Cortes was forced to engage all his owne stocke and credit with his friends in the Expedition and with fiue hundred and fiftie Spaniards in eleuen ships set saile the tenth of February 1519. and arriued at the Iland of Acusamil The Inhabitants at first fled but by the kind entertainment of some that were taken they returned and receiued him and his with all kind offices They told him of certayne bearded men in Yucatan whither Cortes sent and one of them Geronimo de Aguilar came vnto him who told him that by shipwracke at Iamaica their Caruell being lost twentie of them wandred in the Boat without sayle water or bread thirteene or fourteene dayes in which space the violence of the current had cast them on shoare in a Prouince called Maija where as they trauelled seuen dyed with famine and their Captayne Valdinia and other foure were sacrificed to be Idols by the Cacike or Lord of the Counâ—rey and eaten in a solemne Banquet and he with sixe other were put into a Coope or Cage to bee fatned for another Sacrifice But breaking Prison they escaped to another Cacike enemy to the former where all the rest dyed but himselfe and Gonsalo
they blessed the annointed King and sprinkled him foure times with a certaine holy water that was made at the time of consecration of the God made of dowe or paste with a sprinkle made of bowes of Cane leaues Cedar and Willow leaues Then they put vpon his head cloth painted with the bones and souls of dead men and next they cloathed him with a blacke garment vpon that another blew and both were painted with the figures of dead mens sculs and bones Then they put about his necke certaine laces whereat did hang the armes of the Crowne And behinde his back they did hang certain little bottels full of powders by vertue wherof he was deliuered from pestilence and diseases according to their opinion yea and thereby Witches nor Witchcrafts could not hurt him nor yet euill men deceiue him In fine with those relicks he was sure from all perill and danger Vpon his left arme they bound a little bagge of Incense and then brought vnto him a chaffing-dish of imbers made of the barke of an Oke tree Then the King arose and with his owne hand threw of the same Incense into the chaffing-dish and with great reuerence brought the same to the god Vitzilopuchtli and after he had smoaked him therewith he sat him downe then came the high Priest and tooke his oath to maintaine the religion of the gods to keepe also all the lawes and customes of his predecessours to maintaine iustice and not to aggrauate any of his vassals or subiects and that he should be valiant in the warres that he should cause the Sunne to giue his light the clouds to yeelde raine the riuers to runne and the earth to bring forth all kinde of graine fruites and other needefull hearbs and trees These and many other impossible things the new King did sweare to performe and then he gaue thankes to the high Priest and commended himselfe to the gods and to the lookers on and they who brought him vp in the same order carrieth him downe againe Then all the people cried the Gods preserue the new King and that he may raigne many yeares in health with all his people But then some began to dance other to play on their instruments shewing outwardly their inward ioyes of heart And before the King came to the foote of the steps all the Noblemen came to yeelde their obedience and in token of louing and faithfull subiects they presented vnto him Feathers strings of Snaile-shels Collers and other Iewels of Gold and Siluer also Mantels painted with death and bare him company vnto a great hall within the compasse of the Temple and there left him The King sitteth downe vnder his cloath of estate called Tlacatecco and in foure dayes departeth not out of the circuit of the Temple the which hee spends in prayers sacrifice and penance he eates then but once a day and euery day he bathes himselfe and againe in the night in a great pond of water and then lets himselfe bloud in his eares and senseth therewith the god of water called Tlaloc he likewise senseth the other Idols vnto whom he offereth Bread Flowers Papers and little Canes died in the bloud of his owne tongue nose hands and other parts of his body After the foure dayes expired then come all the Noblemen to beare him company to his Pallace with great triumph and pleasure of all the Citie but after his consecration few or none dare looke him in the face And now with the declaration of the Acts and Ceremonies that the Mexican Kings are crowned I shall not neede to rehearse of other Kings for generally they all doe vse the same order sauing that other Princes goe not vp to the top of the Temple but abide at the foote of the steps to be crowned and after their Coronation they come to Mexico for their confirmation and then at their returne to their Countrey they made many drunken feasts and banquets The Mexicans did beleeue that the Soule was immortall and that they receiued either ioy or paine according to their deserts and liuing in this world vnto which opinion all their religion did attaine and chiefly appeare at their burials They held for an assured faith that there were nine places appointed for soules and the chiefest place of glory to be neere vnto the Sunne where the soules of those which were good men slaine in the warres and those which were sacrificed were placed and that all other sorts of euill persons their soules abode on the earth and were deuided after this sort children that were dead borne went to one place those which died of age or other disease went to another those which died of sudden death to another those which died of wounds or contagious diseases went to another place those which were drowned went to another those which were put to death for offence by order of Iustice as for robbery and adultery to another Those which slew their Fathers Mothers Wiues or Children to another place by themselues also those who slew their Masters or any religious person went to another place The common sort of people were buried but Lords and rich men had their bodies burned and their ashes buried In their shrowdes they had a great difference for many dead bodies were buried better apparelled then when they were on liue Women were shrowded after another sort And hee that suffered death for adultery was shrowded like vnto the God of lecherie called Tlazoulteutl he that was drowned like vnto the god of water named Tlacoc and he that died with drunkennesse was shrowded like vnto the god of wine called Ometochtli But the Souldier had an honorable shrowde like vnto the attire of Vitzilopuchtli and the like order in all other sorts of deaths When any King of Mexico happened to fall sicke they vsed forthwith to put a visor vpon the face of Tezcatlipaca or Vitzilopuchtli or some other Idoll which Visor was not taken away vntill they saw whether the King did amend or else dye But if he chanced to dye then word was sent throughout all his Dominions to bewaile his death and also other postes were sent is call the Noblemen that were his nighest kinsmen and to warne them within foure daies to come vnto his buriall The dead body was laid vpon a faire Mat and was watched foure nights with great lamentation and mourning then the body was washed and a locke of haire cut from the crowne of his head which was preserued as a great relicke saying that therein remained the remembrance of his soule This done a fine Emerald was put in his mouth and his body shrowded in seuenteene rich Mantels of colours both rich and costly wrought Vpon the vpper Mantle was set the deuise or armes of Vitzilopuchtli or Tezcalipuca or some other Idoll in whom the King had great confidence in his life time and in his Temple should the body be buried Vpon his face they put a visor painted with foule and Deuillish
bones and Iewels was gathered and laid vpon a rich Mantle the which was carried to the Temple gate where the Priests attended to blesse those deuellish relickes whereof they made a dough or paste and thereof an Image which was apparelled like a man with a visor on his face and all other sorts of Iewels that the deaâ— King was wont to weare so that it seemed a gallant I doll At the foote of the Temple staires they opened a graue ready made which was square large and two fadom deepe it was also hanged with new Mats round about and a farre bed therein in the which a religious man placed the Idol made of aâ—hes with his eyes toward the East part and hung round about the wals Targets of Gold and Siluer with Bowe and Arrowes and many gallant tuffes of Feathers with earthen vessels as Pots Dishes and Platters so that the graue was filled vp with houshold stuffe Chests couered with Leather Apparell Iewels Meate Drinke and Armor This done the graue was shut vp and made sure with beâ—mes boords and flored with earth on the top All those Gentlemen which had serued or touched any thing in the buriall washed themselues and went to dinner in the Court or yard of the Kings house without any table and hauing dined they wiped their hands vpon certaine locks of Cotten woll hanging downe their heads and not speaking any word except it were to aske for drinke This Ceremonie endured fiue dayes and in all that time no fire was permitted to be kindled in the Citie except in the Kings house and Temples nor yet any Corne was ground or Market kept nor none durst goe out of their houses shewing all the sorrow that might be possible for the death of their King In Mexico were twelue Iudges who were all Noblemen graue and well learned in the Mexican Lawes These men liued onely by the rents that properly appertaine to the maintenance of Iustice and in any cause iudged by them it was lawfull for the parties to appeale vnto other twelue Iudges who were of the Princes bloud and alwayes abode in the Court and were maintained at the Kings owne cost and charges The inferiour Iudges came ordinarily once euery moneth to consult with the higher And in euery fourescore dayes came the Iudges of euery Prouince within the Mexican Empire to consult with the Iudges of Mexico but all doubtfull causes were reserued to the King onely to passe by his order and determination The Painters serued for notaries to paint all the cases which were to be resolued but no suite passed aboue fourescore dayes without finall end and determination There were in that Citie twelue Sergeants whose office was to arrest and to call parties before the Iudges Their garments were painted Mantels whereby they were knowne a farre off The Prisons were vnder ground moist and darke the cause whereof was to put the people in feare to offend If any witnesse were called to take an oath the order was that he should touch the ground with one of his fingers and then to touch his tongue with the same which signified that he had sworne and promised to speake the troth with his tongue taking witnesse thereof of the earth which did maintaine him But some doe interprete the oath that if the paâ—tie sware not true that then he might come to such extremitie as to eate earth Sometime they name and call vpon the God of the crime whose cause the matter touched The Iudge that taketh bribes or gifts is forthwith put out of his office which was accounted a most vile aâ—d 〈◊〉 reproach The Indians did affirme that Necauâ—lpincintâ— did hang a Iudge in Tezâ—â—â—o for 〈…〉 sentence be himselfe knowing the contrary The Murtherer is executed without exception The woman with childe that wilfully casteth her creature suffereth death for the same The Theefe for the first offence was made a slaue and hanged for the second The Traitor to the King and Common-weale was put to death with extreame torments The Woman taken in Mans apparell died for the same and likewise the Man taken in Womans attire Euery one that challengeth another to fight except in the warres was condemned to dye In Tezcuco the sinne of Sodomie was punished with death and that Law was instituted by Necaualpincinth and Necaualcoio who were Iudges which abhorred that filthy sinne and therefore they deserued great praise for in other Prouinces that abhominable sinne was not punished although they haue in those places common Stewes as in Panuco The end of the fift Booke AN ALPHABETICALL TABLE OF THE PRINCIPALL THINGS CONTAINED IN THE FIVE BOOKES of the third Part of PVRCHAS his Pilgrims The first Number notes the Page the second Number directs you to the number noted in the back-margent of the Pages Right against which or betwixt that and the next number the note is to bee found Obserue that whereas many words may bee well written with I. or with Y. the Reader is to looke to both Obserue also that Name of Saints or Knights are not set vnder S. but in the Alphabet of their proper Names A ABaccu is the Caspian Sea 69.60 The largenesse of it 70.1 Abaseia or Habassia is India media 106.50 in Marg. Rich in Gold ibid. Abedalcuria 252.60 Abortion caused by an Herbe 991.40 Acapulco the Prouince and Port in the West Indies the Latitude 871.60 Acias or Akas so the Tartars call the Alanian Christians 10.10 Enemies to the Tartars 12.40 Achbaluch Mangi which in Tartars Language is the White Citie of the Mangi 90.1 Acornes as big as Apples 520 50 Accents the Chinois haue fiue seuerall 384.20 Accounts cast by graines of Corne 1053.50 Accord betweene Poles and Russes about chusing their Emperour 788.789 Acquaintance the Ceremony of beginning it 374 Acacron the Armenian Prophet 49.50 Acon the Citie Arabicke and Syriack vnderstood there 13.50 Adams Sepulcher in Zeilan 106.1 More of that Fable ibid. Adams-Apples grow in Persia 71.10 Adders of India their seuerall sorts and natures 976.1 Adem the Soldan of it discomfited 106.50 Admirals Iland 474.40 Sea horses there 512 Adoration the manner of it in Mexico 1027.30 1028.1 1046.60 Adoption practised in Russia 740.40 Adulterie punished with Death in Peru 1058.40 Adultresses Dowries giuen to poore Girles 276.10 Adulterie Witaldrie the punishment 182.40 Adulterers how punished in China 204.10 Aedgar the King his mightie Nauie 619.40 Emperour of the Ocean ibid. Aegeland and Halgeland discouered 212.1 Aequinoctiall vnder it moyst and raynie and why 918.40 Not so hoâ— as the Antients held it very cold in March causes of the temperature though the Sunne bee very hote the dayes and nights equall 920. No Calmes vnder the Lane 923.60.926 The Ayre vnder or neere it swifter then the Ayre about the Poles and why 925.30 Easterne and Westerne windes continuall vnder the Lino 925.40 See Torride Zone Aequinoctiall whither healthfull liuing vnder it 889.10 Aethiopian Patriarch 327.30
Paulus Venetus c. 68.40 Chiai Catai an Herbe excellent for the Goâ—t c 165.10 Chiamonay or Cunebetee a Lake 254.1 Chiapa Prouince in the West Indies the Scite Commodities Arts of the Inhabiting Indians latitude of the Citie 879.1 Chiautaiso baptised 406.30 Chica drinke good for the Stone 953.60 Chichimecas Sauages of the West Indies their Fashions 876.40 Chierman the Kinâ—dome where 71.1 The Commodities there ibid. Chile Kingdome in the West Indies the bounds more Southerly towards the Aequinoctiall then Peru the true Scitâ— Extent of the Gouernment how much inhabited temper warlikenesse of the people the seuerall Spanish Colonies in it their latitudes and distances from other places 898. Bishoprickes Monasteries other townes and their latitudes and first peopling the name taken from Castro which was called Chiluc the Lakes Ilands Mynes Ports c. and their latitudes 899. The distances of Nauigation betwixt it and Panama 860.1 Chile Kingdome neere the temperature of Spaine a rich soyle a poore people 938.30 Chille Kingdome see Chile Child of Cathaya who affirmed the transmigration of Soules 42.10 Children dedicated to Deuils on their birth-day 75.40 Children exposed how prouided for 276.1 Children sold cheape in China 367 Children sold or kild in China 396 Childrens disposition ghessed at 420.30 The three Children in the Ouen the memory celebrated in Russia and when 456.10 Children how baptised named dedicated to the Church or wars in Mexico 1103. How corrected instructed ibid. How exercised at seuerall Ages 1104. c. Chimia Limia and Simia three Sciences what and where professed 166.1 China is in Asia 856.20 China a perilous Coast 258.30 When safest sayling there ibid. China what part of it the Tartars held 140.10 The Chinois had recouered held it forty yeares 149.20 China admirable for all prouisions 257.20 China the way to it by land through Russia 546 China calls it selfe Tame or Tamiâ— and the people Tangis 152.60 Described ibid. China knowne by that name to their Neighbours 167.30 They call themselues Tangin and their Countrey Tâ—me ibid. China a part of Scythia 167.40 Their Dominion of olde ibid. They are no Trauellers 168. 190.20 Hath store of shipping 173.30 The Chinois Prouerbe of that ibid. The naturall riches 173.50 Their manner of Sea-fights 174.1 Their Oares or Lioslios 174.10 Bancones Lanteas or small ships and Gallies 174.10 They dwell in their ships ibid. Poore men liue well there ibid. Their ships of guard for Merchants 175.1 10 Chinois are delicate liuers and yet industrious people 175.10 They hate Idlenesse and their Priests for being so 175.30 The tribute they pay ibid. Their Countrey well husbanded ibid. Their most artificiall Ploughes and Pumps for their shippes 176 10. Their Puppet playes ibid. Their prouision for impotent persons ibid. Trades 176.50 c. Rich men carried in Chaires 177 10. Reuenues of the King 177 50. Measures ibid. c. They loue Porke exceedingly 178.30 They haue two or three Haruests of Rice in a yeare ibid. Their Victualling houses 178.50 179.1 China most excellently full of Riuers and waters 179.10 China subiect to yearely tempests of wind 197.50 Hath thirteene â—hires 199.1 The Kingdome is fiue monethes post ouer 199.10 Streets lurge and straite 200.1 The Gouerment by Officers 183 200. Opinions of the Soules departed and of Reward after death 201.50 Their Lawes 203.10 Execution of Iustice 203.30 Curious of Newes and Nouelties 204.40 China Infinitely peopled 266.60 267 10. Hath diuers Siluer Mynes how such a world of people is maintayned 270.10 Yeilds two or three Haruests in a yeare 270 40. 365. Reason of the great trading 271.20 The admirablest place in the World 271.40 The distance of the Townes 294.60 Wonderfully tilled ibid. The High-wayes broad there 295.20 Castles none in China 295.40 Their Houses but low and why ibid. Earthquakes frequent ibid. The cheapâ—sse in China 302.60 How far from the Philippinaes 308.40 It is Cathay 342.314 40. They differ onely in name 314 50.315.10 T is great Catay 404 He that stayes there nine yeares may not returne to his Countrey 315.10 The least mother Citie in China bigger then Lisbone 319 40. The Prouinces haue peculiar Languages 320.20 They mourne three yeares for their dead 327.40 Their high-wayes much trauelled 330 60. Their trauell by Litters on mens shoulders very cheape 330. And so for Boat hire 331.39 Commoditie of their Riuers 336.20 Heate and cold much there 341 30 Greatnes of one of the 15. Prouinces 342.30 Their North parts best 344 China foure square 360.50 The true situation and quantity ibid. The exact description of it ibid. 361 c. 380.50 The two errours of our Maps of China 361.50 All one of with Cataye 361.50 362.20 Why the Neighbour-Kings cannot inuade China 362 40. How diuided from Mogot 362.40 The diuision and Chorographicall Bookes ibid. The greatnesse of their Cities and Villages 362.363 The trauell there is most by water 363.50 The cause of the plenty 363.40 The cheapnesse of their commodities 365.10 20 China needs no forreigne traffique 365.1 Europaean Commodities deare there 367.1.374.30 The gouernment 372.1 10. Halfe the time thâ—re spent in complements 374.50 The ancient names of China 380.20 The King changeth it at pleasure ibid. The greatest Kingdome of the World 380.50 T is vnder the temperate Zâ—â—e ibid. 381.20 The number of Cities and people 281 1 10. Exceedingly fortified by nature ibid. The naturall commodities of it ibid. Their innumerable shipping ibid. Why the Countrey is so cold 382.1 Their Metals Glâ—sse Paper Spices c. 382. Their Artizans not comparable to ours ibid. 383.10 Their writing and Learning c. 384. The Language subiect to Aequinocations ibid. Most confused ibid. Seuerall Languages spoken in China 402.30 Extreame difficulty of their Language 403.50 Particular descriptions of places and things in China see page 402.40 c. The Authours suspition of a Kingdome to the North of China 404. Christians not suffered to lye in their Cities a nights 411.1 China King He writes vpon plates of Gold 326 60. Kings of China where buried 260.30 275.20 Hospitall for Pilgrims that come to visit their tombes 261.50 Wonderfull wall about their buriall place 262.1 360. Hermitages in it ibid. The habit of the Hermites there and his admirable answeres to Faria ibid. Altars there much reuerenced 263.1 Rifled by Faria the Portugall 262. 263. Faria drowned 263.50 His Palace described 342. His closenesse 357 King of Chinaes Armes 266.10 275.10 296.1 319.50 352.20 392.40 Beginning of the Kingdome of China 267.50 The King is sworne to reside at Pequin 275.1 His reuenues how bestowed 276.30 364.30 His house of entertainment in euery Citie 292.30 Hee holds himselfe Lord of the World 309.50 This pride retorted by the Spaniards 310.20 He cares not to enlarge his Dominion 390 20.315.1 His noblenesse 315 20. Hee is gulled by counterfeit Ambassages ibid. 362 China vnited into a Monarchie when 376.20 The reuenue and expenses of the
King 376.50 He cares not to encrease his Dominion ibid. His brothers and Cousins of little authoritie 379.20 His tributary Kingdomes 381 10. His Pensions to Souldiers Officers c. ibid. His title 387 5â— Does nothing but by his Officers directions 388.10 His Reuenues he cannot lauish as he pleases ibid. Not spoken vnto but by his Eunuches or by Petition 392.40 His Armes or Ensignes reuerenced ibid. 405. They that speake to him couer their mouthes 392.50 405. He seldome giues presence ibid. He is yellow and none else may be ibid. His Robe and Palace Ibid. They reckon by his Reigne 393.1 Why he comes not abroad 396.30 He is the High Priest 397.10 China words Hiam-xan a Mayor 327.30 Ansam the same that Hiam-xan 327.30 Hien a Citie and Ci-hien Gouernour of a Citie 327 Ci-hien a Gouernour of a Citie 327 30 Aitao the Admirall 327.50 He is Gouernour ouer all Strangers See Strangers Chaen the Prouinciall Visitor 327 50 Ciai yuen the same that Chaen 389 60 Ci a Gouernour So Ci-hien the Gouernour of the City 327.30 Ci-fu the Gouernour of Sciauquin 328.1 Thien Chu the Lord of Heauen 328.30 Lin-ci-tau a Gouernour of three Prouinces 329.60 Tutan a Viceroy or Lord Deputy 330.20 Sancei three Wayters 333.60 Ci-lau or Scilau the Iudge of the Countrey of Warre 336.10 Naughan The Southerne Inn. 336 30 Sciepathau Eighteene Streames 336.50 Yamsu the Sonne of the Sea 337.40 La Pu the Councell of Magistrates 339.60.388 Chian the greatest Riuer 340.39 Cho a Riuer 340.39 Horses a swifter sort of ships 341 20 Lu the Tartars 342.40 Pa or Pe the North parts 342.40 Szin holy or Saint 345.10 Scingin a Saint the greatest title giuen to some learned in China 344.19 in marg L vsed for N in some Dialects 338.10 B seldome vsed by them 342.40 Holy Pao God 345.10 Scin mu holy Mother 345.10 Mâ— a Mother 345.10 Nian a Queene 345.10 Van van Siu A thousand thousand yeares 347.10 Tanfu the Priests of the learned 347.40 Cafila a Carauan or company of Merchants 362.1 364.40 Condures a Coins worth seuen farthings 365.39 Colaâ— the Councell of State 372.40 in marg 386.50 388 50 Zinzin an Interiection of Vrbanity 373.20 Pu a Tribunall or Court 388.30 They want B.D.R. 403.50 They end no word in any Consonant but M and N. 408.40 Ciam Ciu a President of a Court 388.50 Cilam an Assistant in Iudgement 388.50 Choli Magistrates extraordinary 388.60 Zauli Magistrates extraordinary 388.60 Quin the Court of the King and thus Nanquin signifies the Southerne Court and Pequin the Northerne Court 389.30 Nan South or Southerne 389.30 Pucinfu and Naganzafu Magistrates 389.40 Tauli an order of Magistrates ibid. Yuce Iaspar of Catai or Cascar 390.10 Totoqui the Law 397.50 Osciami a Sect of Priests 398.10 Ciaicum Fasters 398.30 Lauzu the old Philosopher 398.40 Hoei Sects of strange Religions 400 20 Fu a shire in a Prouince 40â— 40 Sciandai on the Sea 406.50 Xi Fiat 407.40 so the King signes Ti Cam. Pluto 407.60 A China-prouerbe Englished see 409.1 Foe Gods 409.10 Zo ye Cringing 373.20 Paytre a paper of Visitations 373 40 Than exceeding large 380.30 Yu Rest 380.30 Hia great ibid. Sciam Adorned Cheu Perfect Han the mike way in Heauen Min Splendour Ta-min the Kingdome of great Splendour 380.30 Chiumboa a Garden 380.30 Fu a Prouince 381.1 Cheu a great Citie Hien a towne 381.1 389.40 Mui Sea-coale 382.20 Qâ—ohoa the Court Language 384 30 Tâ—hio The Examiner or Poser 385 40 Siducai the degree of Bachelour of Art 385.40 Kingin Master of Arts. Quiaâ—juen the Senior Brother at Commencements 386 Cin-su Doctorship 386.50 Hoamsi Supreame Monarch 387 50 Lauye or Lausie Lord or Father 388.10 Chinois or people of China their Persons and Habits described 179.40.50 c. Curiosities in their Hayre ibid. How they Salute and their common Courtesie of inuiting men to Victâ—aâ—ing houses 180.10 Their entertainments of Guests and manner of Feasting ibid. 30. By night 181.1 They weare no Weapons ibid. 50. Their Funerals and Mourning ibid. 50. 182.1 Their Womens customes and Apparell Painting and retirednesse ibid. 20. Buying and selling of Men ibid. 50. c. Magistrates with their Creation Priuiledges and maintenance 183.20 Iustices Prisons and Schooles 184. and 203. Manner of administring Iustice 186.10 Admirable diligence in their Seruants ibid. 187. Pompe of their Magistrates in the Streetes 200.187 193. Their habite ibid. Their manner of examination of witnesses 188.200 Their Briberie 186.50 c. The Religion of China 195.50 c. They haue Temples for them and Oratories in their Ships 196.1 Slight esteeme of their Gods 196.10 197.1 Hard to bee made Christians and why 197. 207. Chinois the esteâ—me of their King 258.40 260.20 Their opinion of the Reward after death 262. 263.1 And of the burning of the World 266.30 Siluer buryed with them and why 263.10 Their Hospitals 264. They giue their goods to Idols and to haue their soules prayed for 264.40 270.1 277.1 Religious Orders amongst them 264.60 32. Seuerall Sects 265.50 272.40 Their Gods of fire Tempest Sea c. 266. Their opinion of Hell 267. â—1 Some Christians in Sampitay 267.20 Chronicles and Legends of China 267.50 Their prayers to their Gods 267.10 And vowes 269.30 They beate their Idols 319.60 Their Priests shauen 319.50 Chinois sometimes Lords of India 269. marg Their infinite varietie of Trades no man must meddle with anothers Trade 270.271 They eate Snakes Snailes or any thing 270.30 Their extreame Superstitions 271. Their workes of Pietie 271.30 Their stately Tribunalâ— 272.1 Their Sepulchers ibid. 30. 274.20 Sacrifices of wilde Birds and Beasts ibid. Their foure chiefe Sects 272.60 Their inkling of the Resurrection 274.20 Their Gods ibid. 40. They Marry and get Starres ibid. Their knowledge of the Flood of Noah 275.40 Skorne to be taught 327.60 Their owne people held vnfit for Gouernours 276. Their Women bee white ibid. They hold the transmigration of Soules 277.1 They are but meane Mariners 291.1 Their Compasse want of the Card ibid. 10. They worship Saints Images ibid. 20. Their Customes in comming a shoare 292.10 Their Banquets described 302.20.292.40 298.30 What Musicke they vse ibid. 302.30 They are excellent Porters 294.50 They weare no Weapons 295.20 Their State Ceremonies vpon the knee 296.40 298.20 300. The inferiour layes aside his state before his Superiour 297.1 Ceremonies to the Sunne before their Feasts 302. Their Masters Actiuitie and Martiall discipline 305.10 They inuoake the Deuill in a tempest 308.60 318.20 They thinke it barbarous to bee called by their owne name 330.40 Much addicted to Alchimie 332.60 334. ibid. Their manner of thankesgiuing 333.50 They are apt to Learning 335.1 How men suspected are made to finde out the parties offending ibid. 20. the abstinence of their Idolaters ibid 30. their testimonie of bidding a man welcome 339.40 Riding on Horsebacke not magnificent enough for them 342.20 Their Language
Pancakes at Shroâ—etide in Russia 227.1 Panghin the City 96.30 Pannonia when first peopled 662 20 Panouras or China Shippes 260 30 Pantogia his being in China 407 Panuco Prouince in the West Indies the extent the difference of Soyle the Townes and Latitudes of them 872.10 20 Papa the Samoits Priests 443 40. And the Russians 447 40 Papas Roots are the bread of Peru 894.30 Paper made of the second barke of the Mulbery Trees 874.10 Paper of diuers matters made in China 175.60 Papers or notes sent before in Visitations and sending of Presents 391.30 Paper-sacrifice of China 369.1 Paper of Iapon 325.10 Papey or East Island whence so called 657.40 Pâ—pions skins vsed for clothing in Tartary 30.10 Pappa and Pappas what 657 50 Paps how the Indian wiues bearâ— them vp 992.40 Paquin described 272.20 Besieged by Tartars 280.10 Paradice the Chinois would go vnto 349.1 Pardoner an Officer in China 335 40 Parents honoured in China 393 30 Parents much respected in China 368 Parents selling or eating their owne Children 738.40 Pariacaca Mountaine in the West Indies the strange subtlenesse of the Aire there and the admirable effects One of the highest Lands in the World 926.20 30 c. Parishes vnequally diuided the inconueniencie 447.60 Parity a Peace-breaker 277.20 Parliaments their order in Russia 422.50 Begun commonly on Friday ibid. The meeting sitting and consulting 423 Parrots breed on the Mountaines of Peru 936 Parrots still flye by couples 995 40 Parâ—henium the Promontory 634 10 Parthia is now called Sachetay Zagetai or Sochtay 141.10 Partridges of the West Indies described how taken 996.1 Partridges white and plenty in Russia their Feathers sold 536 50 Partridges flying into a Ship 247 50 Paruam the bounds of the Mogores Dominion towards Catay 312 1 Pâ—scatir speake the Hungarian tongue 18 50. Their trades and borders ibid. The Hunnes came out of it ibid. Pascatir that is Hungaria the greater 6.30 Pascha a Christian Woman of Mentz found in Tartary 28 40 Pasius the Iesuite his trauels 321 His fortunes and death 322.1 Pasport to Hell 406.30 Passage by the Pole the hopes 702 20 Passage probable betwixt New Spaine and Asia or Tartaria 806.30 Passaur a City 311.40 Passe for Trauellers the forme vsed in Russia 758.40 Patanes the people and Kingdome 169.50 Patching of clothes one of Tartarian Commandements the reason 443.10 Patient hearing in Iudges 203.1 Pâ—triarch of Constantinople negotiates a league against the Turk 445. A league betwixt Spaine and Moscouia That how broken off ibid. He colourably resigneth his Patriarchate to the Metropolitan of Mosco ibid. Goes away enriched ibid. Patriarch of Mosco the Emperours Father chosen to be 791.10 Patriarch of Mosco signes Patents with the Emperour c. 802.20 30 Patriarch of Russia made to play on a Bagpipe 739.40 Crownes the Emperour 743.10 Patriarch of Mosco when first made 445. His Iurisdiction ouer the Russian Metropolitanes Archbishops c. 446.30 His reuenues 446.60 His habit 447 1. The Emperour holds his horse bridle 456.10 Pauing with Pitch 199.40 Paynting vpon Past-board in Catay 800.10 Paynting in China without shadowing 371.1 Paynting in China 357.1 10 20 Paynting of their bodies vsed by the Indians 992.10 Paynting vsed by the Russe women they haue allowance from their Husbands to buy their Colours 459.30 Paynted women 230.30 Peacockes of the West Indies described 995.50 Peace mediated betwixt the Russes and Poles and the Russes and Sweden and by whom 791 Peace betwixt the Russe and Sweden 792. The conditions of the accord as followeth Forgetfulnesse of iniuries 2. The Sweden yeilds vp the Castles before taken 3. Sweden was to restore Church Ornaments Bells 4. Persons and goods to bee freed on both sides 5. The time for Swedenâ— deliuery of the Townes set downe 6. Lodia Castle to bee rendred and Odoro to remayne Cautionary to Sâ—eden 7. Sweden not to ayde his brother in his clayme to Nouogrod c. 8. What places the Russe yeilds to Sweden 9. And what money 10. Sweden to keepe the Ordnance which hee had taken 11. Sweden to retaine the Signiory of Corelia 12. Where the Commissioners on both sides are are to meete determine of the bounds and confirme the Articles 13. The Russe to giue ouer his title to Liefland the titles of both Princes to be agreed vpon 14. Commerce of trade to continue 15. Merchants on both sides to haue free exercise of Religion 16. Personall wrongs c. And Ambassages how to bee ordered From the 16. to the 29. Article 30. Ambassages where to meete 31. Wrecks by Sea not to be taken of each others Subiects 32. Neyther partie to ayde the Pole but to treat of a ioynt league against him 33. The Confirmation and names of the Commissioners All which is acknowledged to be effected by the mediation of our King Iames. Peace betwixt Denmarke and Sweden and the Conditions 797.10 Peaches weighing two pounds a piece 95.1 Peares weighing ten pounds apiece 98.30 Pearle-fishing largely described 972. The Oyster they are found in naught Whither they grow where they are found or remooue thither where the best Pearles are found ibid. Mention of great and round Pearles most are fashioned like a Peare 973 1 10 Pearles found in shels two seldome of one bignesse Stories of some Pearles Where in the Indies are the most and best 952.50 60. The manner of diuing for them 953.1 Pearle-fishing in Margarâ—ta 866 20. And in Florida 868.60 Pearles found in two seuerall Shel-fishes and which is best 999 30 Pearles great store 91.1 Pearles whence they come 70.20 Pearle-fishing 254.50 Ships of Strangers burnt that come then ibid. Pearles the fishing for them and the manner 104.40 Vsed like Beads to pray vpon ibid. Pechincow Monastery 223.20 Pechingo in Lapland 558.10 Pechora the trade for Furres there 546. The way thence ouer-land to Ob 551.60 And the head and course of the Riuer 552.1 The Riuers that fall into it 553 554. The way thence to Tumen in Tartary 556.20 Pechora 530. It hath 22. mouthes 533.1 The Russes that trade thither 534.20 The Commodities there to be had 535.30 Conueniencie of transportation ibid. The Inhabitans feare to trade with Strangers ibid. The way from thence to Mongozey 539 543 Pechora the Towne described and how they liue there 536. Frost there in August 542.30 Sunne at Christmasse scarce seene Pechora wonne by the Russe 439 20. Their Language diuers from the Russe ibid. Pechora the Riuer discouered 463 20 Peibus the Lake in Liefland 628 40 Peim their adulterous liberty and custome 75.1 Penance of the Mexicans 1035 40 Pencils of haires haire for writing 383 People decayed in the Indies by the Spaniards 935. 938.10 Pensions taken away from vnseruiceable men 216.10 Pentle-frith Sound in Orkney 827.20 Pentlow-frith in Orkney Ilands the latitude 713. The course and tydes there ibid. Pepper infinite store of 101.30 Pepper the daily expence in one City 98.50 Pepper Tree described 138.50 Pepper of West India the seuerall sorts qualities and vses 955.50.60
I leaue to bee scanned by Falconers themselues Great expense of Wooll Chap. 8. Of the fashion which the Tartars vse in cutting their haire and of the attire of their women Chap. 9. Of the duties inioyned vnto the Tartarian Women and of their labors and also of their marriages Chap. 10. Of their execution of Iustice and Iudgment and of their deaths and burials Sepulchres Chap. 11. Of our first entrance among the Tartars and of their ingratitude Duke Sartach Chap. 12. Of the Court of Scacatai how the Christians drinke no Cosmos A caue at right worthy the noting Superstition the Kingdom â— of God is not meate and drinke Chap. 13. How the Alanians came vnto vs on Pentecost or Whitson Eâ—â—e * Or Akas Cloth is the chiefe Merchandise in Tartarie Chap. 14. Of a Saracen which said that he would be baptized and of certaine men which seemed to bee Lâ—pers Salt-pits Ten dayes Iourney Valani The length of Comania Russia Chap. 15. Of our afflictions which wee sustained and of the Comanians manner of buriall Prussia Extreame heate in Summer Tanaiâ— The breadth of Tanais He is much deceiued About the beginning of August the Tartars returne Southward Chap. 16. Of the Dominion of Sartach and of his Subiects The people of Moxel are Pagans The people called Merdui being Saracens The circuit of the Caspian Sea Kergis or Aas The Saracens called Lesgi He returneth by Derbent Chap. 17. Of the Court of Sartach and of the magnificence thereof Coiat the Nestorian No good consequence Chap. 18. How they were giuen in charge to goe vnto Baatu the Father of Sartach They are come as farre as Volga The Tartars will be called Moal Chap. 19. How Sartach and Mangu-Can and Ken-Can doe reuerence vnto Christians This Historie of Presbyter Iohn in the North-east is alleaged at large by Gerardus Mercator in his generall Mâ—p From whence the Turkes first sprang An Ocean Sea Nayman Presbyter Iohn The place of Ken Kan his aboad Vut Can or Vuc Can. The Village of Cara Carum Crit Merkit Moal in old time a beggerly people The place of the Tartars Cyngis Mangu-Can Mancherule Chap. 20. Of the Russians Hungarians and Alanianâ—â— and of the Caspian Sea Oâ— Berâ—a Changlâ— Frier Andrew Chap. 21. Of the Court of Baatu and how we were entertayned by him The North Ocean He descendeth downe the Riuer Volga in a Barke Aâ—â—racan The description of Baatu his Court. Horda signifieth the midst Iohn de Plano Carpini The Letters of the French King Chap. 22. Of our iourney towards the Court of Mangu-Can They trauell fiue weekes by the banke of Etilia Hungarians A Comonian A iourney of foure moneths from Volga The sixteenth of September Forty six daies Or Kangittae Chap. 23. Of the Riuer of Iagac Or Iaic and of diuers Regions or Nations Iaic twelue daies iourney from Volga Pascatir The Hungarians descended from the Bascirdes Valachians Deut. 32. v. 21. Rom. 10. v. 19. Cangle an huge plaine Countrey Chap. 24. Of the hunger and thirst and other miseries which we sustained in our iourned Certaine Riuers Eight daies iourny South-ward Asses swift of foot High Mountaines Manured grounds Kenchat a Village of the Saracens The seuenth day of Nouember A great Riuer Many Lakes Vines Chap. 25. How Ban was put to death and concerning the habitation of the Dutch men A Cottage The Mountaynes of Caucasus are extended vnto the Easterne Sea The Citie of Talas or Chincitalas Frier Andrew The Village of Bolac He entreth into the Territories of Mangu-Can Certaine Alpes wherein the Cara Catayans inhabited A mightie Riuer Ground tilled Equius A Lake of fifteene daies iourney in compasse Coilaâ— a great Citie and full of Merchants Contomanni Chap. 26. How the Nestorians Sâ—racens and Idolaters are ioyned together The people called Iugureâ— Idolaters Frier William was at Caracarum Chap. 27. Of their Temples and Idols and how they behaue themselues in worshipping their false gods Bookes Paper So doe the people of China vse to write drawing their lines perpendicularly downeward and not as we doe from the right hand to the left Chap. 28. Of diuers and sundry Nations and of certaine people which were wont to eate their owne parents The Countrey of Presbyter Iohn Tangut Strange Oxen. The people of Tebet Abundance of gold The sâ—ature of the people of Tangut and of the Iugures Langa and Solanga The people of Solanga resemble Spaniards A table of Elephants tooth The people called Muc. Great Cataya * From hence is supplyed by Master Hacluits industrie as he told me out of a Manuscript in Bennet Colledge in Cambridge the other part hee had out of an imperfect Copie of my Lord Lumlies The Chapters disagree as being I thinke rather some Transcribers diuision then the Authors Yet haue I followed the numbers I found euen where they are obscurest The Friers Latin for some barbarous words and phrases hath beene troublesome to 〈◊〉 The worke I hold a Iewell of Antiquitie now first entirely publike Idolatry Nestorians Segni a Citie of Cathay They are so at this day The euill qualities of the Nestorians Hence by corruption of manners and ignorance of faith seemeth the Apostacy of the greatest part of Asia to haue happened furthered by Tartarian inuasions and Saracenicall All Priests * Consider our Author a Frier whose trauels we rather embrace then in such passages his diuinitie They were later Fathers which made such Decrees contrary to the Father of truth which ordained marriage in Leuies Priest-hood and chose married men to the Apostleship and forewarned of another Father who with Doctrines of Deuils should prohibite meate and marriage vnder colour of Priests chastitie making the Temple stewes to carnall and spirituall whoredome Chap. 26. Of such things as befell them departing from Cailac to the Country of the Naymannes Nouemb. 30. Decemb. 6. Extreme cold Decemb. 7. A dangerous passage Chap. 27. Of the Country of the Naymans and what befell the stock of Ken-Chan his sonne wiues Bâ—atu Stichin and Ken kill one another Chap. 28. Of their comming to the Court of Mangu Chan. Onam Kerule the proper Country of the Tartars Chap. 15. Tartars pride Decemb. 28. Chap. 29. Of a Christian chappell and of the conference with Sergius the counterfeit Armenian Monke and of the sharpnes and continuance of the Winter An Armenian Monke Their conference with the Armenian Monke Monkish Re ue lation Toes frozen S. Francis Order not Catholike Vniuersally fitting all places and seasons Frost vntill the moneth of May. Easter in the end of the end of Aprill And great Snow in the end of Aprill Shauing Respect of Priests Chap. 30. Of the Admitting of the Friars to Mangu Chan and his description and their conference with him The description of Mangu Chan. Drinke of Rice is cleere and sauoury and like to white Wine The Indians call it Racke The Oration of Frier William to Mangu Chan. The like Letters you haue of King Edw. 2. before l. 8. c. 7.
Of the great ordâ—r and diligence the Mexicans vsed to instruct their youth Chap. 27. See the picture story Colledges Their employments and trials The baine of Plantations is expectation of present and externall gain Plaies and dances Military games Idoll gamâ—s Exo. 32. a thing vsuall to Heathens as their Comedies c. maniâ—est Musicke Curious Dancers Great agility Sir Hen. Spelman Tenuchtitian Mexican Lords Tenuch chosen chiefe Lord. Mexico Colhuacan and Tenayncan subdued See the storie before in Acosta Tlatilulco subdued bâ—fore as Acosta saith the Mexicans were subiect to them Ticocicatzi Title Tlacatecatl that is Great Captaine Motezuma His weale and greatnesse Maiestie Conquests Wisdome and learning Lawes Many women some wiues some Concubines See before in Acosta and after in Gomâ—ra morâ— large relaâ—ions of Mutezuma in a wilde kinde of state and maiestie equalling in many things in some exceeding most Princes of the elder world First notice of the Spaniards Mutezumas death Turkey stones Cold. Turkey stones Cochinilla Gold Target of gold Emerald stones Amber Cristall Amber Cotton wooll Cristall Amber A kinde of Baptisme with the naming of their children Presentation in the Temple a Gomara his third part of the Conquest of the West Indies translated into English by T. Nicolas b Of this voyage Reade P. Martyrs fourth Decade and Gomara part 1. of all which followes in this Chapter P. Maâ—t Dec. 5. Gom. vbi supra and Cortes his owne large narration to the Emperour ap Ramus Vol. 3. Indian simplicitie Potonchon called Victory Spanish incurable sicknesse Note for fashion-mongers Zempoallan Panuco Vera Crux Bloudy Sacrifices Tlaxcallan a great Citie Chololla Store of Temples and deuotions Popocatepec a burning Hill Mutezumas religion a The like speech he had made at first to Cortes who easily wrought on that aduantage applying this Tradition to the Spaniards Cortes Narrat Mutezumaâ— death b N. di Gus. ap Ram. vol. 3. c Lit. P. Aluarado Dieg. Godoy ap Ram. vol. 3. d Relat. del Temistitan ca. * This part of Lopez was long since translated and published by Tho. Nichols I haue here in diuers places ameÌ„ded it by the Italian translation of Agostino di Craualiz for the Spanish originall I haue not Purgatory The solemne pompe wherewith Cortes was receiued into Mexico Mutezumas state and Maiestie Spaniards giue gawdy glasâ—e for gold and glory The Oration of Mutezuma to the Spaniards A strange opinion A louing answerâ— Mutezuma described Cin. Title Cin. Change of Apparell His Wardrobe His dietâ—rites Magnificent attendance His wiues Bare-foot seruice Musicke Iesters Plate Mans flesh State ceremonies Iesters and Players Games The Tennis play in Mexico God of the Ball. His Palace Twentie doores Three Courts Hals chambers wals c. Multitude of women His Armes hee after saith a Conie was his armes but this Eagle was generall to all the Mexican Kings Gryffon-tale A house of fowle which were only preserued for their feathers A house of fowle for hawking and other strange things White men Wild beasts Snakes c. Foules of prey Deuils den Store-houses Officers The Armory of Mutezuma Wood for Armes Wodden Swords with stone edges The Gardens of Mutezuma Note of a magnificent minde Houses of pleasure The Court and Guard of Mutezuma Great Vassals State-caution Tributes and subiection of the Indians to their King Pouerty of the Tenants See our picture booke Receiuers Tribute of mens labours Three sorts of Streetes It groweth also in Bermuda The name of Mexico Two Lakes one sâ—lt the other fresh Eâ—bing and flowing by the winde Some as Pairitius hence moued deriue the cause of the Seas flowing from the saltnesse Cause of the saltnesse 200000. Canoas The Market place of Mexico Order of Sellers The diuers wares Indian workemanship Gold-smiths artifices Victuall of diuers sorts Bartering The great Temple of Mexico Chiefe Temple described Two Altars Fortie towres Seuerall Temples to seuerall gods A strange doore Temple-halls Idoll-holes Bloudie walls Deuillish Priests 5000. residents The Idols of Mexico 2000. gods A wicked attyre A mad offering The Charnell house or place of 〈◊〉 mens Sculls Terrible spectacle The accounting of yeares The Indians beleeued that fiue ages were past which they called Sunnes The Coronation of the Kings of Mexico The ointment The opinion of the Mexicans concerning the Soule Nine places for Soules The buriall of Kings in Mexico The order of buriall of the Kings of Michuacan Iudges Painters Sergeants Prisons Witnesses and oathes Bribery Murther Theft Disguise of seâ—e Duels capitall