dalkeith_n he_o immediate_o distract_v which_o article_n be_v likewise_o find_v relevant_a be_v join_v with_o fame_n and_o dilation_n which_o decision_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n very_o dangerous_a for_o they_o want_v a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o be_v precedent_n whereby_o judge_n may_v become_v very_o arbitrary_a and_o against_o these_o i_o may_v oppone_v a_o three_o alledgiance_n use_v in_o the_o former_a process_n against_o agnes_n finnie_n wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o criminal_a libel_n shall_v be_v necessary_o infer_v from_o the_o deed_n subsume_v and_o that_o conclusio_fw-la semper_fw-la sequitur_fw-la debiliorem_fw-la partem_fw-la nam_fw-la libellus_fw-la est_fw-la syllogismus_fw-la apodicticus_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la probabilis_fw-la and_o therefore_o except_o the_o libel_n can_v condescend_v upon_o some_o mean_v use_v by_o the_o panel_n from_o which_o the_o malefice_fw-la be_v necessary_o infer_v it_o can_v not_o be_v conclude_v that_o these_o malefice_n be_v do_v by_o she_o or_o that_o she_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o wrong_n do_v thus_o bodin_n lib._n 4._o do_v conclude_v that_o veneficae_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la condemnandae_fw-la licet_fw-la sint_fw-la deprehensae_fw-la cum_fw-la bufonibus_fw-la ossibus_fw-la aliisque_fw-la instrumentis_fw-la egredientes_fw-la exovili_fw-la licet_fw-la oves_fw-la immediate_a moriantur_fw-la and_o perkins_n cap._n 6._o assert_n that_o neither_o defamation_n nor_o threaten_n albeit_o what_o be_v threaten_v do_v follow_v nor_o mala_fw-la fama_fw-la nor_o the_o defunct_n lay_v the_o blame_n of_o their_o death_n upon_o the_o person_n accuse_v call_v inculpatio_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n can_v infer_v this_o crime_n though_o all_o these_o be_v conjoin_v for_o in_o his_o opinion_n nothing_o can_v be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o condemn_v a_o witch_n except_o the_o panel_n own_o confession_n or_o the_o deposition_n of_o two_o famous_a witness_n depon_v upon_o mean_n use_v by_o the_o panel_n and_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o in_o the_o chapter_n immediate_o subsequent_a to_o that_o wherein_o witch_n be_v ordinary_o to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n god_n have_v express_o ordain_v that_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o two_o or_o three_o witness_n every_o word_n shall_v be_v establish_v and_o in_o the_o process_n deduce_v against_o isobel_n young_a for_o witchcraft_n feb._n 4._o 1629._o and_o against_o katherine_n oswald_n novemb_n 11._o 1629._o this_o point_n be_v likewise_o debate_v it_o be_v libel_v against_o the_o say_a katherine_n that_o by_o her_o witchcraft_n she_o cause_v a_o cow_n give_v blood_n instead_o of_o milk_n and_o cause_v a_o woman_n fall_v and_o break_v a_o rib_n in_o her_o side_n against_o which_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n there_o inter_fw-la terminum_fw-la à _fw-la quo_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la quem_fw-la inter_fw-la causam_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o cow_n give_v blood_n for_o milk_n may_v proceed_v from_o another_o natural_a cause_n viz._n from_o lie_v upon_o a_o ant_n or_o emmot_n hill_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v that_o because_o we_o know_v not_o what_o virtue_n may_v be_v in_o herb_n stone_n or_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v apply_v it_o be_v very_o hard_o to_o find_v cure_v perform_v by_o the_o application_n of_o these_o without_o the_o use_v charm_n or_o spell_n to_o be_v witchcraft_n but_o when_o these_o outward_a application_n be_v use_v to_o do_v hurt_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o the_o say_v margaret_n wallace_n be_v at_o enmity_n with_o john_n clark_n and_o after_o she_o be_v forbid_v to_o frequent_v his_o house_n do_v continue_v to_o frequent_v the_o same_o and_o do_v throw_v in_o blood_n or_o any_o unusual_a thing_n upon_o his_o wife_n pap_n if_o the_o child_n who_o suck_v the_o same_o have_v thereafter_o die_v i_o think_v this_o article_n join_v with_o precede_a defamation_n of_o she_o by_o another_o witch_n may_v have_v be_v find_v relevant_a because_o she_o be_v there_o in_o re_fw-mi illicita_fw-la and_o since_o the_o law_n can_v know_v exact_o what_o efficacy_n there_o be_v in_o natural_a cause_n it_o may_v very_o well_o discharge_v any_o such_o superstitious_a forbid_a act_n as_o it_o please_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o witchcraft_n nor_o can_v these_o who_o be_v accuse_v complain_v of_o severity_n since_o sibi_fw-la imputent_fw-la that_o use_v these_o forbid_a thing_n against_o the_o express_a commandment_n of_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n and_o practic_n have_v forbid_v all_o charm_n it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o these_o who_o use_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v severe_o punish_v whatever_o the_o pretext_n be_v upon_o which_o they_o be_v use_v or_o after_o whatever_o way_n or_o manner_n or_o to_o whatever_o end_n whether_o good_a or_o bad_a x._o albeit_o per_n leg_n 4._o cod._n de_fw-fr mal_fw-fr &_o math._n these_o magic_a art_n be_v only_o condemn_v which_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n but_o not_o these_o whereby_o man_n be_v cure_v or_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n preserve_v yet_o i_o have_v ofttimes_o impute_v this_o constitution_n to_o tribonian_a who_o be_v a_o pagan_a and_o a_o severe_a enemy_n to_o christian_n or_o else_o that_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v or_o that_o thereby_o remedy_n assist_v by_o godly_a prayer_n be_v allow_v else_o what_o mean_v these_o word_n suffragia_fw-la innocenter_n adhibita_fw-la but_o since_o i_o be_o inform_v from_o the_o ecclesiastic_a historian_n as_o zozim_n lib._n 2._o that_o constantine_n be_v not_o yet_o turn_v christian_n when_o he_o pass_v that_o constitution_n but_o however_o this_o constitution_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o basilicks_n and_o the_o gloss_n say_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o repurgation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o that_o constitution_n be_v very_o well_o reprobat_fw-la by_o leo_n 65._o novel_a and_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n tit_n de_fw-fr sorti-legiis_a and_o the_o general_a sanction_n of_o the_o former_a act_n of_o parliament_n leave_v no_o place_n for_o this_o distinction_n suitable_a to_o all_o which_o john_n brough_n be_v convict_v for_o witchcraft_n in_o anno_fw-la 1643._o for_o cure_v beast_n by_o cast_v white_a stone_n in_o water_n and_o sprinkle_v they_o therewith_o and_o for_o cure_v woman_n by_o wash_v their_o foot_n with_o south-running_a water_n and_o put_v odd_a money_n in_o the_o water_n several_a other_o instance_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o process_n lead_v in_o anno_fw-la 1661._o and_o the_o instance_n of_o drummond_n be_v very_o remarkable_a who_o be_v burn_v for_o perform_v many_o miraculous_a cure_n albeit_o no_o malefice_fw-la be_v ever_o prove_v xi_o consult_v with_o witch_n be_v a_o relevant_a ditty_n with_o we_o as_o be_v find_v against_o alison_n jolly_a per._n octob._n 1596._o and_o this_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o act._n the_o profess_v likewise_o skill_n in_o necromancy_n or_o any_o such_o craft_n be_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n a_o relevant_a article_n for_o the_o full_a clear_n of_o which_o act_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o divination_n be_v either_o per_fw-la daemono-mantiam_a the_o invocation_n of_o pagan_a god_n or_o nanganiam_fw-la which_o be_v the_o prophesy_v for_o invocation_n of_o some_o sublunary_a thing_n mangania_n be_v divide_v in_o necromantiam_fw-la which_o be_v a_o prophesy_v by_o depart_a spirit_n udromantiam_fw-la which_o be_v a_o divination_n by_o water_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o species_n and_o kind_n of_o divination_n by_o any_o thing_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a prohibition_n of_o necromancy_n and_o such_o like_a act_n so_o that_o prediction_n and_o response_n by_o the_o sieve_n and_o the_o shears_n and_o by_o the_o book_n and_o all_o such_o cheat_n and_o species_n of_o sorcery_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o this_o act_n yet_o these_o forbid_a practice_n may_v sometime_o be_v excuse_v by_o ignorance_n or_o if_o it_o can_v be_v clear_v by_o circumstance_n that_o the_o user_n design_v nothing_o but_o a_o innocent_a jest_n or_o recreation_n delrio_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 1._o quaest_n 4._o xii_o the_o last_o article_n in_o criminal_a libel_n use_v ordinary_o to_o be_v the_o be_v delate_a by_o other_o witch_n which_o the_o doctor_n call_n diffamatio_fw-la and_o we_o common_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n which_o be_v never_o sustain_v as_o relevant_a per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o only_o join_v with_o other_o relevant_a article_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o foresay_a process_n of_o margaret_n hutchison_n though_o i_o think_v that_o interlocutor_fw-la very_o severe_a since_o if_o any_o of_o the_o former_a article_n be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la relevant_a they_o need_v not_o the_o assistance_n of_o fame_n and_o delation_n sometime_o likewise_o but_o with_o much_o more_o reason_n article_n that_o be_v of_o themselves_o irrelevant_a be_v sustain_v relevant_a be_v join_v with_o fame_n and_o delation_n a_o example_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v
by_o imprisonment_n during_o life_n forfeit_v of_o good_n and_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o land_n during_o life_n for_o this_o crime_n the_o earl_n of_o morton_n be_v execute_v by_o king_n james_n 6._o for_o have_v conceal_v the_o design_v death_n of_o king_n henry_n his_o father_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o conceal_v be_v treason_n where_o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o repress_v or_o punish_v the_o treason_n that_o be_v intend_v for_o there_o the_o end_n of_o reveal_v seem_v to_o cease_v which_o be_v information_n in_o order_n to_o resistance_n it_o have_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v whether_o the_o not_o reveal_v treason_n be_v punishable_a where_o the_o treason_n be_v design_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o queen_n but_o since_o they_o be_v likewise_o subject_n and_o may_v commit_v treason_n therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o it_o be_v treason_n in_o any_o other_o to_o conceal_v their_o treasonable_a design_n fourteen_o the_o eleven_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o majesty_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n which_o be_v not_o extend_v only_o to_o such_o as_o be_v swear_v to_o colour_n but_o even_o to_o such_o as_o be_v warn_v to_o and_o do_v attend_v the_o king_n host_n vid._n tit_n the_o jurisdiction_n over_o soldier_n xv._n the_o twelve_o point_n of_o treason_n be_v to_o deny_v his_o majesty_n have_v the_o only_a power_n of_o call_v and_o dissolve_v of_o parliament_n act_n 3.1_o parl._n ch._n 2._o xvi_o by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v treason_n to_o kill_v any_o of_o the_o prince_n counsellor_n because_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n own_o body_n l._n quisquis_fw-la c._n h._n t._n but_o with_o we_o the_o pursue_v or_o invade_v any_o of_o the_o session_n secret_a council_n or_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n but_o not_o as_o treason_n act_n 4._o parl._n 16._o ja._n 6._o by_o officer_n here_o be_v mean_v only_a officer_n of_o state_n else_o it_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o messenger_n and_o i_o hear_v it_o resolve_v that_o this_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o such_o as_o invade_v the_o lyon_n and_o these_o word_n any_o of_o the_o session_n be_v not_o extend_v to_o advocat_n clerk_n macer_n or_o any_o else_o beside_o the_o lord_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act._n but_o i_o think_v the_o quality_n adject_v that_o they_o be_v invade_v for_o do_v his_o majesty_n service_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o circumstance_n and_o presumption_n as_o if_o a_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o have_v lose_v a_o cause_n shall_v invade_v the_o next_o day_n a_o lord_n who_o have_v vote_v against_o he_o and_o the_o word_n this_o be_v verify_v and_o try_v import_v so_o much_o but_o the_o stat._n edward_n 3._o be_v much_o more_o clear_a make_v it_o treason_n to_o kill_v the_o officer_n therein_o mention_v only_o viz._n chancellor_n thesaurer_n chief_a justice_n of_o either_o bench_n or_o any_o judge_n of_o either_o bench_n sit_v in_o judgement_n only_o and_o from_o this_o statute_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n we_o may_v argue_v that_o the_o kill_a none_o below_o a_o lord_n of_o session_n shall_v infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o this_o act._n the_o kill_v a_o member_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o in_o england_n treason_n though_o the_o parliament_n be_v a_o high_a judicatory_a than_o any_o express_v in_o the_o act._n and_o cook_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o allow_v not_o argumentum_fw-la à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la to_o infer_v crime_n and_o with_o we_o the_o kill_a a_o member_n of_o parliament_n will_v not_o infer_v death_n by_o this_o act_n since_o they_o fall_v under_o no_o qualification_n therein_o specify_v in_o england_n kill_v officer_n fall_v only_o under_o the_o statute_n but_o with_o we_o invade_v or_o pursue_v they_o be_v death_n though_o it_o take_v no_o effect_n quaritur_fw-la if_o to_o invade_v they_o when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v fall_v under_o the_o statute_n since_o they_o be_v not_o under_o that_o character_n elsewhere_o or_o if_o he_o who_o invade_v they_o during_o their_o be_v suspend_v will_v fall_v under_o this_o act_n since_o during_o that_o time_n they_o retain_v the_o character_n and_o the_o exercise_n be_v only_o suspend_v and_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o doctor_n that_o a_o statute_n punish_v such_o as_o invade_v magistrate_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v once_o admit_v but_o not_o to_o such_o as_o be_v only_o name_v or_o elect_v for_o such_o statute_n be_v extend_v in_o gratiosis_fw-la yet_o they_o be_v restrict_v in_o such_o odious_a point_n as_o their_o cabal_n case_z 148._o treasonable_a word_n vid._n t._n injury_n and_o libel_n xvii_o the_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o division_n be_v statutory_a treason_n which_o comprehend_v under_o it_o several_a other_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o because_o they_o relate_v to_o other_o crime_n therefore_o i_o shall_v also_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o these_o title_n wherein_o these_o crime_n be_v principal_o treat_v of_o but_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o act_n that_o these_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v treason_n but_o only_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n and_o therefore_o these_o statutory_a treason_n have_v not_o at_o all_o the_o other_o privilege_n competent_a to_o treason_n as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o woman_n &_o alios_fw-la testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la or_o that_o he_o who_o accuse_v in_o these_o will_v commit_v treason_n if_o he_o prove_v not_o his_o accusation_n thus_o wilful_a fire_n raise_v be_v treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 3._o cap._n ultimo_fw-la theft_n in_o landed-man_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 50._o vid._n tit_n theft_n murder_n under_o trust_n be_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 51._o vid._n tit_n murder_n sayer_n of_o mass_n jesuit_n traffic_v papist_n and_o their_o resetter_n commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 12._o cap._n 120._o vid._n tit_n heresy_n to_o buy_v or_o bring_v home_o poison_n be_v treason_n ja._n 2._o parl._n 7._o c._n 31._o vid._n poison_n thief_n who_o take_v leill_n man_n upon_o bond_n to_o re-enter_v they_o commit_v treason_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 21._o but_o though_o this_o act_n speak_v general_o of_o the_o take_n of_o any_o scottish-man_n yet_o it_o may_v clear_o appear_v by_o the_o narrative_a and_o the_o whole_a strain_n of_o the_o act_n that_o the_o same_o strike_v only_o against_o such_o thief_n as_o keep_v correspondence_n with_o the_o english_a and_o take_v scottish-man_n prisoner_n into_o england_n but_o custom_n have_v interpret_v this_o otherwise_o for_o duncan_n macgrigor_n be_v 15._o july_n 1643._o convict_v and_o hang_v as_o a_o traitor_n for_o art_n and_o part_n of_o take_v james_n anderson_n and_o john_n mackie_n and_o the_o take_n of_o captain_n cairn_n find_v relevant_a as_o a_o article_n of_o treason_n against_o assint_fw-la to_o usurp_v any_o prelate_n place_n after_o his_o decease_n be_v likewise_o treason_n ja._n 5._o parl._n 7._o cap._n 125._o xviii_o this_o crime_n have_v in_o it_o many_o specialty_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o other_o crime_n as_o first_o he_o who_o accuse_v any_o man_n for_o treason_n do_v incur_v the_o pain_n of_o treason_n if_o the_o defender_n be_v acquit_v which_o be_v occasion_v as_o the_o act_n bear_v because_o of_o the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n but_o since_o the_o the_o act_n say_v express_o that_o this_o shall_v take_v place_n where_o the_o party_n calumniat_fw-la be_v call_v accuse_v and_o quit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n therefore_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi raise_v summons_n of_o treason_n and_o shall_v pass_v from_o the_o same_o before_o the_o panel_n go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la though_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi might_n be_v punish_v poena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la yet_o he_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o traitor_n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o doubt_v if_o this_o hold_v in_o statutory_a treason_n as_o theft_n in_o land_a man_n etc._n etc._n and_o since_o the_o reason_n inductive_a of_o that_o act_n be_v the_o odiousness_n of_o treason_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o rigid_a law_n shall_v not_o take_v place_n in_o these_o point_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v not_o so_o odious_a of_o their_o own_o nature_n another_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o it_o can_v only_o be_v try_v by_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n lib._n 1._o e._n 1._o v._n 1._o and_o that_o because_o of_o the_o king_n immediate_a interest_n since_o it_o be_v not_o presumable_a that_o the_o fiscal_n in_o inferior_a court_n will_v be_v as_o careful_a as_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n who_o can_v appear_v there_o and_o because_o of_o the_o intricacy_n and_o great_a consequence_n of_o that_o crime_n but_o it_o may_v be_v
doubt_v whether_o lord_n of_o regality_n or_o subject_n have_v a_o justiciary_a be_v judge_n competent_a to_o treason_n and_o it_o seem_v not_o for_o the_o reason_n foresay_a xix_o the_o second_o privilege_n of_o treason_n be_v that_o those_o who_o be_v pursue_v for_o treason_n shall_v be_v immediate_o commit_v to_o prison_n and_o their_o good_n shall_v be_v put_v under_o sick_a burrows_n id_fw-la est_fw-la caution_n under_o which_o they_o must_v remain_v ay_o and_o while_o they_o suffer_v a_o assize_n ja._n 2._o p._n 12._o c._n 49._o and_o reg._n maj._n lib._n 4._o c._n 1._o but_o it_o seem_v very_o hard_a in_o our_o law_n that_o there_o be_v no_o time_n prescribe_v for_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o insist_v but_o that_o the_o person_n suspect_v may_v be_v keep_v in_o prison_n for_o a_o long_a time_n though_o he_o be_v very_o innocent_a and_o offer_v himself_o to_o a_o trial_n whereby_o the_o most_o innocent_a of_o subject_n may_v be_v ruin_v in_o their_o fortune_n and_o family_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o be_v hard_o that_o traitor_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o go_v abroad_o because_o probation_n can_v be_v present_o have_v which_o it_o may_v be_v the_o traitor_n have_v abstract_v or_o that_o the_o king_n or_o state_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o discover_v too_o soon_o by_o a_o pursuit_n a_o treason_n which_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o policy_n to_o cover_v for_o some_o time_n and_o as_o in_o war_n so_o in_o treason_n which_o be_v as_o dangerous_a many_o thing_n be_v allow_v to_o be_v do_v which_o be_v not_o otherwise_o regular_a the_o interest_n of_o all_o preponderate_v the_o interest_n of_o any_o one_o or_o a_o few_o xx._n the_o three_o speciality_n in_o treason_n be_v that_o all_o charge_n of_o treason_n shall_v be_v execute_v by_o herald_n and_o pursuivant_n bear_v coat_n of_o arm_n and_o by_o macer_n and_o that_o for_o the_o great_a solemnity_n else_o these_o charge_n be_v declare_v null_n ja._n 6._o p._n 12._o c._n 125._o likeas_n the_o ordinary_a custom_n be_v to_o execute_v summons_n of_o treason_n after_o that_o manner_n but_o it_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o 5._o of_o december_n 1666._o in_o the_o action_n intent_a at_o his_o majesty_n advocat_n instance_n against_o mackulloch_n and_o other_o that_o this_o act_n do_v only_o relate_v to_o summons_n of_o treason_n or_o any_o other_o charge_n wherein_o man_n be_v ordain_v to_o obey_v under_o pain_n of_o treason_n but_o that_o inditement_n of_o treason_n give_v to_o man_n who_o be_v in_o prison_n may_v be_v execute_v by_o ordinary_a messenger_n and_o yet_o the_o act_n say_v that_o all_o execution_n give_v otherwise_o then_o be_v appoint_v by_o that_o act_n shall_v be_v null_a xxi_o woman_n and_o other_o may_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n though_o in_o other_o crime_n they_o can_v and_o one_o witness_n be_v sufficient_a here_o and_o famosi_n &_o impuberes_fw-la of_o what_o ever_o age_n be_v receivable_a as_o witness_n by_o a_o express_a act_n of_o the_o sederunt_fw-la of_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o anno_fw-la 1591._o likeas_n cod._n fab_n hoc_fw-la tit_n def_n 4._o say_v est_fw-la privilegium_fw-la criminis_fw-la laese_n majestatis_fw-la ut_fw-la facilius_fw-la probetur_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v per_fw-la famoso_n &_o socios_fw-la criminis_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o savoy_n 1591._o vid._n pappon_n lib._n 24._o tit_n 2._o but_o the_o english_a do_v most_o just_o conclude_v that_o because_o the_o punishment_n be_v severe_a in_o treason_n therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o manifest_a and_o direct_a proof_n and_o not_o by_o presumption_n or_o strain_n of_o wit_n cook_n pag._n 12._o and_o that_o two_o witness_n be_v necessary_a for_o prove_v treason_n he_o prove_v most_o learned_o pag._n 26._o by_o the_o civil_a law_n famosi_fw-it &_o mulieres_fw-la be_v admit_v to_o accuse_v in_o this_o crime_n though_o not_o in_o any_o other_o crime_n l._n 7_o and_o 8._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n jul_a maj_o but_o this_o last_o privilege_n shall_v only_o hold_v in_o perduellion_n mascard_v de_fw-fr prob_fw-la lib._n 1._o conclu_fw-la 462._o and_o not_o in_o statutory_a treason_n and_o that_o this_o shall_v hold_v in_o no_o species_n of_o treason_n be_v math._n opinion_n pa._n 372._o because_o per_fw-la l._n ult_n cod_n de_fw-fr prob_fw-la in_o capitalibus_fw-la causis_fw-la idoniis_fw-la testibus_fw-la atque_fw-la appertissimis_fw-la documentis_fw-la opus_fw-la esse_fw-la dicitur_fw-la nec_fw-la excipitur_fw-la crimen_fw-la majestatis_fw-la neither_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o because_o person_n who_o be_v not_o admit_v in_o other_o crime_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v accuser_n in_o this_o that_o therefore_o these_o who_o be_v unfit_a to_o be_v witness_n in_o other_o crime_n shall_v be_v admit_v in_o this_o for_o there_o be_v little_a hazard_n in_o a_o unfit_a accuser_n but_o there_o be_v great_a hazard_n in_o unfit_a witness_n and_o this_o i_o think_v much_o more_o suitable_a to_o reason_n then_o the_o former_a statute_n for_o the_o great_a the_o hazard_n be_v the_o probation_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o the_o clear_a and_o though_o testes_fw-la inhabiles_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v or_o one_o witness_n may_v prove_v sufficient_o for_o subject_v the_o panel_n to_o the_o torture_n which_o be_v all_o that_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o that_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la which_o say_v only_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v receive_v witness_n but_o say_v not_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v receive_v in_o all_o case_n yet_o it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n that_o any_o condemnatory_a verdict_n or_o sentence_n can_v be_v found_v upon_o such_o probation_n i_o find_v also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o savoy_n that_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la &_o famosi_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n not_o in_o treason_n general_o but_o in_o perduellion_n and_o that_o act_n be_v by_o their_o lawyer_n restrict_v so_o that_o the_o panel_n can_v be_v condemn_v to_o death_n or_o forfeiture_n upon_o such_o deposition_n but_o only_o to_o torture_v nor_o will_v he_o be_v torture_v upon_o such_o deposition_n except_o the_o deponent_a be_v upon_o oath_n and_o abide_v the_o torture_n also_o at_o his_o deposition_n cod._a fab_n lib._n 9_o tit_n 5._o all_o which_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a but_o yet_o it_o seem_v that_o no_o man_n be_v to_o be_v repute_n socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la but_o he_o who_o be_v convict_v or_o have_v confess_v the_o crime_n and_o dilate_v other_o for_o else_o a_o man_n be_v accuse_v for_o treason_n can_v allege_v that_o the_o witness_n lead_v against_o he_o be_v socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v to_o confess_v himself_o to_o be_v guilty_a for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la to_o the_o panel_n except_o the_o panel_n be_v guilty_a himself_o and_o be_v socius_fw-la to_o the_o witness_n therein_o nam_fw-la relata_fw-la se_fw-la mutuo_fw-la ponunt_fw-la and_o this_o be_v so_o find_v in_o assint_n process_n but_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o though_o socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la can_v not_o be_v receive_v for_o the_o panel_n yet_o he_o can_v be_v receive_v against_o he_o and_o that_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o doctor_n who_o exclude_v socius_fw-la criminis_fw-la from_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o treason_n but_o as_o to_o this_o i_o doubt_v very_o much_o for_o if_o a_o person_n confess_v his_o accession_n it_o seem_v unjust_a that_o he_o can_v condemn_v other_o be_v infamous_a himself_o and_o yet_o in_o open_a treason_n as_o rise_v in_o arm_n it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o receive_v such_o as_o be_v in_o arm_n for_o none_o else_o can_v come_v near_o a_o army_n of_o rebel_n and_o so_o the_o crime_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o these_o or_o by_o none_o xxii_o the_o five_o privilege_n be_v that_o treason_n be_v not_o extinguish_v by_o death_n in_o all_o case_n as_o other_o crime_n be_v but_o that_o treason_n commit_v against_o the_o kâ—ngs_n person_n or_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v inquire_v into_o after_o death_n and_o the_o committer_n heir_n may_v be_v forefault_n therefore_o ja._n 5._o p._n 6._o c._n 69._o which_o act_n bear_v to_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o civil_a law_n these_o general_a word_n contain_v in_o it_o against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o common-weal_n must_v only_o be_v extend_v against_o such_o treason_n as_o be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n account_v perduellion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o this_o case_n and_o what_o be_v therein_o call_v perduellion_n see_v albeit_o all_o treason_n may_v by_o a_o natural_a interpretation_n be_v say_v to_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o king_n person_n or_o commonwealth_n yet_o the_o civil_a law_n declare_v only_o that_o species_n of_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n which_o they_o call_v perduellion_n to_o be_v punishable_a after_o death_n l._n ult_n ff_n ad_fw-la l._n jul_a maj._n plane_n non_fw-la quisquis_fw-la legis_fw-la juliae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la
and_o gothofred_n §_o venenum_fw-la be_v clear_a that_o medici_fw-la &_o farmacopolae_fw-la ineptum_fw-la medicamentum_fw-la scienter_fw-la ad_fw-la hibentes_fw-la ut_fw-la infirmus_fw-la morietur_fw-la tenentur_fw-la ut_fw-la homicidae_fw-la and_o though_o the_o judgement_n of_o physician_n ought_v to_o be_v ask_v where_o the_o design_n be_v not_o know_v yet_o where_o the_o design_n of_o kill_v and_o mean_v suitable_a to_o that_o design_n be_v clear_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o consult_v physician_n nor_o can_v any_o danger_n ensue_v from_o the_o preparative_n of_o punish_v this_o panel_n to_o other_o physician_n or_o apothecary_n except_o they_o give_v physic_n without_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o party_n and_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o servant_n who_o employ_v upon_o a_o design_n to_o kill_v and_o administrat_fw-la the_o drug_n at_o unseasonable_a hour_n all_o which_o be_v of_o themselves_o criminal_a and_o this_o way_n be_v more_o dangerous_a than_o ordinary_a poison_n because_o servant_n be_v more_o easy_o admit_v than_o other_o and_o this_o way_n be_v less_o discoverable_a nor_o need_v it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o defunct_a die_v of_o this_o poison_n for_o even_o one_o who_o get_v true_a poison_n may_v have_v die_v of_o other_o disease_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o after_o the_o give_v of_o their_o purgative_n he_o die_v the_o next_o morning_n of_o such_o a_o looseness_n as_o make_v his_o bed_n to_o swim_v and_o as_o this_o be_v like_o the_o natural_a product_n so_o presumitur_fw-la contra_fw-la versantem_fw-la in_o illicito_fw-la especial_o all_o this_o design_n of_o murder_n be_v to_o conceal_v the_o servant_n theft_n in_o which_o this_o apothecary_n be_v a_o sharer_n iii_o from_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n through_o the_o which_o any_o christian_a man_n or_o woman_n may_v take_v bodily_a harm_n it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o 1._o the_o poison_n of_o a_o jew_n or_o pagan_n fall_v not_o under_o this_o act_n though_o it_o may_v be_v pursue_v as_o murder_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o poison_n of_o a_o excommunicate_a person_n can_v fall_v under_o this_o act_n since_o they_o be_v not_o christian_n but_o to_o prevent_v all_o this_o the_o english_a statute_n bear_v that_o to_o kill_v any_o reasonable_a creature_n in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la by_o poison_n or_o otherways_o etc._n etc._n and_o cook_n observe_v that_o to_o poison_v a_o jew_n or_o turk_n fall_v under_o their_o statute_n iv._o from_o these_o word_n likewise_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o poison_n of_o bruit_n beast_n do_v not_o fall_v immediate_o under_o this_o act_n nor_o yet_o the_o poison_v whole_a field_n to_o the_o end_n beast_n may_v die_v albeit_o both_o these_o crime_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n by_o the_o law_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o carpz_n observe_v tract_n crim_n quest._n 21._o num_fw-la 24._o and_o since_o theft_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n much_o more_o ought_v the_o poison_n of_o beast_n be_v since_o not_o only_o be_v the_o party_n less_v by_o want_v his_o beast_n as_o much_o as_o in_o theft_n but_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v more_o prejudge_v then_o in_o theft_n since_o the_o beast_n so_o poison_v be_v make_v unserviceable_a as_o to_o all_o use_n and_o man_n be_v likewise_o in_o danger_n by_o eat_v or_o use_v of_o they_o and_o this_o be_v worse_a than_o hough_v of_o ox_n which_o be_v capital_a by_o our_o law_n but_o if_o a_o beast_n be_v poison_v that_o man_n may_v be_v thereby_o poison_v than_o the_o poison_n of_o beast_n will_v infer_v death_n from_o these_o word_n may_v take_v bodily_a harm_n it_o may_v be_v infer_v likewise_o that_o the_o give_v of_o poison_n whereby_o man_n do_v fall_v paralytic_a or_o lame_a shall_v fall_v under_o this_o statute_n though_o the_o person_n die_v not_o since_o that_o may_v be_v construct_v bodily_a harm_n v._o as_o also_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o since_o to_o bring_v home_o poison_n whereby_o man_n may_v die_v do_v infer_v death_n that_o therefore_o the_o give_v of_o poison_n though_o death_n do_v not_o follow_v either_o because_o the_o poison_n be_v not_o strong_a enough_o or_o because_o the_o party_n poison_v do_v counter-act_n its_o force_n immediate_o by_o suitable_a remedy_n shall_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n for_o these_o be_v more_o immediate_a deed_n then_o to_o bring_v home_o poison_n and_o general_o endeavour_n be_v in_o this_o crime_n punish_v as_o the_o consumat_fw-la act_n where_o the_o endeavour_n come_v to_o any_o deed_n that_o approach_v the_o crime_n l._n 1._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n pomp._n the_o parricid_n though_o carpz_n be_v of_o a_o contrair_a opinion_n assert_v that_o conatus_fw-la or_o endeavour_n be_v only_o to_o be_v punish_v even_o in_o that_o case_n by_o a_o extraordinary_a punishment_n the_o administrate_v drink_n or_o medicament_n to_o procure_v or_o increase_v love_n be_v think_v not_o punishable_a though_o death_n do_v not_o follow_v because_o there_o be_v no_o design_n there_o to_o kill_v carpz_n ibid._n &_o l._n siquis_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la though_o this_o be_v punishable_a as_o that_o law_n assert_n by_o a_o lesser_a punishment_n nam_fw-la est_fw-la res_fw-la mali_fw-la exempli_fw-la vi_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a in_o the_o poison_n of_o parent_n and_o in_o reiterated_a endeavour_n though_o death_n follow_v not_o and_o the_o poison_n of_o magistrate_n or_o master_n since_o these_o great_a aggravation_n be_v so_o odious_a in_o the_o very_a contrivance_n that_o these_o aggravation_n be_v as_o odious_a as_o success_n and_o as_o the_o judge_n may_v mitigate_v the_o punishment_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o lessen_v circumstance_n so_o he_o may_v heighten_v the_o punishment_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o aggradge_v circumstance_n vasq._n contraver_n illust_n cap._n 14._o and_o carpz_n num_fw-la 50._o quest_n 20._o part_n 1._o give_v we_o several_a decision_n to_o this_o purpose_n and_o among_o other_o decision_n tell_v we_o of_o two_o mountibank_n who_o be_v burn_v with_o hot_a tongue_n to_o death_n for_o have_v poison_v ten_o several_a person_n but_o if_o a_o physician_n will_v poison_v his_o patient_n it_o will_v be_v certain_o treason_n with_o we_o as_o be_v murder_n under_o trust_n title_n ix_o de_fw-fr incendiariis_fw-la or_o fire-raiser_n 1._o malicious_n and_o design_v fire-raising_a be_v only_o punishable_a by_o death_n 2._o what_o presumption_n can_v prove_v this_o design_n 3._o whether_o one_o may_v be_v punish_v for_o burn_v his_o own_o house_n 4._o the_o punishment_n of_o fire-raising_a according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n 5._o the_o punishmint_n of_o it_o according_a to_o our_o law_n 6._o the_o burn_a of_o coal-heughs_a how_o punish_v 7._o whether_o the_o drown_v a_o coal-heugh_a be_v punishable_a as_o the_o burn_a of_o it_o 8._o fire-raising_a can_v be_v remit_v 9_o the_o punishment_n culposi_fw-la incendii_fw-la 10._o how_o accidental_a fire-raising_a be_v to_o be_v punish_v 11._o how_o master_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v for_o their_o servant_n negligence_n it_o be_v most_o unnatural_a that_o the_o element_n which_o be_v create_v to_o be_v servant_n to_o man_n shall_v have_v dominion_n over_o he_o and_o therefore_o these_o who_o raise_v fire_n be_v repute_v great_a enemy_n to_o mankind_n and_o more_o criminal_a than_o either_o theives_n or_o murderer_n for_o in_o theft_n the_o thing_n steal_v remain_v still_o with_o the_o commonwealth_n whereas_o it_o be_v absolute_o destroy_v by_o fire_n and_o in_o murder_n the_o crime_n extend_v never_o further_a than_o the_o design_n whereas_o in_o fire-raising_a the_o merciless_a element_n which_o be_v employ_v debord_n oft_o beyond_o its_o commission_n and_o involve_v in_o the_o common_a misery_n those_o against_o who_o the_o fire-raiser_n have_v no_o design_n with_o those_o who_o be_v his_o know_a enemy_n and_o therefore_o those_o who_o raise_v fire_n within_o a_o town_n be_v burn_v whereas_o those_o who_o burn_v only_o a_o house_n be_v not_o so_o grievous_o punish_v i._o a_o fire-raiser_n or_o incendiarius_fw-la be_v by_o lawyer_n define_v to_o be_v he_o who_o of_o design_n raise_v fire_n whether_o he_o kindle_v the_o same_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o commissionat_v another_o or_o execute_v himself_o another_o commission_n and_o because_o of_o the_o atrociousness_n of_o this_o crime_n the_o attempt_n be_v punish_v though_o the_o effect_n follow_v not_o and_o threaten_n though_o nothing_o follow_v be_v punish_v damhaud_n rubrica_fw-la de_fw-la incendiariis_fw-la but_o because_o this_o crime_n be_v of_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v improbable_a that_o any_o will_v be_v so_o merciless_a to_o commit_v the_o same_o therefore_o the_o law_n require_v that_o the_o fire-raising_a which_o be_v punishable_a be_v commit_v dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la and_o with_o we_o it_o be_v require_v they_o be_v combustores_fw-la domorum_fw-la nequiter_fw-la &_o malitiose_fw-la as_o skeen_n translate_v it_o ad_fw-la cap._n 10._o malcolmi_n 2._o and_o wilful_a fire-raising_a be_v only_o declare_v
punishable_a 9_o malefice_n where_o there_o be_v no_o conection_n betwixt_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n 10._o the_o use_v magic_a art_n for_o good_a end_n how_o punishable_a 11._o consult_v with_o witch_n how_o punish_v 12._o what_o the_o be_v defame_v by_o the_o witch_n import_v 13._o a_o witch_n confession_n not_o punishable_a except_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v possible_a &_o de_fw-fr succubis_fw-la &_o incubis_fw-la 14._o whether_o the_o transportation_n confess_v be_v real_a and_o though_o real_a whether_o punishable_a 15._o whether_o a_o witch_n can_v cause_v any_o person_n be_v possess_v 16._o whether_o penetration_n be_v possible_a 17._o whether_o transformation_n be_v possible_a 18._o whether_o he_o can_v make_v bruit_n to_o speak_v or_o raise_v storm_n 19_o whether_o witch_n may_v transfer_v disease_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o seek_v their_o help_n for_o this_o 20._o whether_o witch_n may_v kill_v by_o their_o look_n 21._o whether_o they_o can_v procure_v love_n by_o their_o potion_n 22._o how_o they_o torment_v man_n by_o their_o image_n 23._o whether_o confession_n before_o kirk_n session_n be_v relevant_a 24._o who_o can_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n 25._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o 26._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o there_o be_v witch_n divine_n can_v doubt_v since_o the_o word_n of_o god_n have_v ordain_v that_o no_o witch_n shall_v live_v nor_o lawyer_n in_o scotland_n see_v our_o law_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o though_o many_o lawyer_n in_o holland_n and_o elsewhere_o do_v think_v that_o albeit_o there_o be_v witch_n under_o the_o law_n yet_o there_o be_v none_o under_o the_o gospel_n the_o devil_n power_n have_v cease_v as_o to_o these_o as_o well_o as_o in_o his_o give_a response_n by_o oracle_n i._o wierus_n that_o great_a patron_n of_o witchcraft_n endeavour_n to_o maintain_v his_o opinion_n by_o 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that_o which_o be_v conclude_v impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o 3._o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o do_v ill_o by_o charm_n except_o it_o can_v be_v first_o prove_v that_o these_o charm_n produce_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v punishable_a and_o lawyer_n shall_v argue_v thus_o those_o who_o kill_v or_o hurt_v man_n or_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o witch_n and_o charmer_n kill_v man_n and_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n and_o therefore_o charmer_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n off_o which_o syllogism_n wierus_n deny_v the_o minor_a for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o verse_n cross_n or_o lay_v flesh_n in_o the_o threshold_n etc._n etc._n can_v destroy_v man_n or_o beast_n these_o be_v cause_n very_o disproportionable_a to_o such_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o these_o case_n 4._o these_o who_o execute_v the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v not_o punishable_a for_o that_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o so_o can_v be_v their_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o whatever_o the_o devil_n or_o witch_n do_v be_v decree_v by_o god_n either_o for_o trial_n or_o punishment_n express_o and_o without_o his_o permission_n nothing_o can_v be_v do_v and_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v not_o act_v here_o by_o obedience_n or_o be_v at_o liberty_n he_o will_v not_o leave_v any_o one_o man_n undestroy_v or_o any_o of_o god_n work_v undefaced_a but_o that_o there_o be_v witch_n and_o that_o they_o be_v punishable_a capital_o not_o only_a when_o they_o poison_v or_o murder_n but_o even_o for_o enchant_v and_o delude_v the_o world_n be_v clear_a by_o a_o express_a text_n exod._n 22._o vers._n 18._o thou_o shall_v not_o suffer_v a_o witch_n to_o live_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o same_o word_n which_o express_v a_o witch_n here_o be_v that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o exod._n 7._o to_o express_v those_o magician_n who_o delude_v only_o the_o people_n by_o transform_v a_o rod_n into_o a_o serpent_n as_o moses_n have_v do_v though_o no_o person_n be_v prejudge_v by_o their_o cheat_n and_o illusion_n likeas_n leu._n 29._o and_o 27._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n that_o have_v a_o familiar_a spirit_n or_o that_o be_v a_o wizard_n shall_v sure_o be_v put_v to_o death_n they_o shall_v stone_n they_o with_o stone_n their_o blood_n shall_v be_v upon_o they_o which_o law_n be_v in_o such_o observation_n among_o the_o jew_n that_o the_o witch_n of_o endor_n 1_o sam._n 28._o be_v afraid_a to_o use_v her_o sorcery_n before_o the_o king_n because_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v off_o those_o who_o have_v familiar_a spirit_n and_o wizard_n out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o great_a indignation_n do_v the_o eternal_a god_n bear_v to_o this_o sin_n that_o he_o do_v destroy_v the_o ten_o tribe_n of_o israel_n because_o they_o be_v addict_v to_o it_o not_o be_v the_o jew_n only_a enemy_n to_o this_o vice_n but_o even_o the_o henthen_n follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n punish_v witch_n as_o enemy_n to_o the_o author_n of_o it_o for_o the_o persian_n dash_v their_o head_n against_o stone_n as_o mince_v observe_v ad_fw-la §_o item_n lex_fw-la cornelia_n inst_n de_fw-fr pub_fw-la jud_v and_o tacitus_n lib._n 2._o annal._n tell_v we_o that_o publius_n marcius_n and_o pituanus_fw-la be_v execute_v for_o this_o crime_n for_o which_o likewise_o valerius_n maximus_n lib._n 6._o eap_n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o publicia_n and_o lucinia_n be_v with_o threescore_o and_o ten_o other_o roman_n hang_v but_o since_o it_o be_v express_o condemn_v in_o scripture_n and_o by_o many_o general_a council_n such_o as_o aurelian_a toledan_a and_o anaciritan_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o debate_v what_o the_o law_n have_v express_o condemn_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o we_o shall_v deny_v witch_n we_o must_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o all_o history_n ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a and_o plutarch_n lib._n 5._o sumps_n cap._n 7._o observe_n quodammodo_fw-la philosophiam_fw-la tollunt_fw-la qui_fw-la rebus_fw-la mirabilibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la opportet_fw-la autem_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la aliquid_fw-la fiat_fw-la ratione_fw-la tractare_fw-la quod_fw-la vero_fw-la id_fw-la fiat_fw-la ex_fw-la ratione_fw-la est_fw-la sumendum_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o devil_n have_v the_o power_n and_o will_v to_o prejudge_v man_n can_v but_o be_v ready_a to_o execute_v all_o that_o be_v in_o witchcraft_n and_o it_o be_v as_o credible_a that_o god_n will_v suffer_v man_n to_o be_v convince_v by_o this_o mean_n that_o there_o be_v spirit_n and_o that_o by_o their_o mean_n he_o will_v give_v continue_v proof_n of_o his_o power_n in_o repress_v the_o devil_n and_o of_o the_o necessity_n that_o silly_a man_n have_v of_o depend_v upon_o his_o infinite_a power_n to_o the_o former_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o all_o sin_n and_o vice_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o delusion_n nor_o be_v witch_n more_o delude_v by_o melancholy_a than_o murderer_n be_v by_o rage_n or_o revenge_n and_o though_o it_o have_v never_o be_v see_v that_o person_n natural_o mad_a have_v be_v either_o guilty_a of_o or_o punish_v for_o this_o crime_n the_o devil_n design_v in_o this_o crime_n to_o gain_v only_o such_o as_o can_v damn_v themselves_o by_o give_v a_o free_a consent_n yet_o if_o madness_n can_v be_v prove_v or_o do_v appear_v it_o will_v certain_o defend_v both_o against_o the_o guilt_n and_o punishment_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o series_n of_o clear_a circumstance_n shall_v concur_v before_o a_o person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o secure_v the_o panel_n and_o satisfy_v the_o judge_n full_o in_o the_o quaerie_n but_o since_o daily_a experience_n convince_v the_o world_n that_o there_o
may_v be_v such_o a_o crime_n and_o that_o the_o law_n exact_v either_o confession_n or_o clear_a proof_n who_o can_v condemn_v the_o law_n as_o rigorous_a in_o this_o case_n since_o without_o believe_v these_o there_o can_v be_v no_o justice_n administrat_fw-la and_o whilst_o judge_n shun_v to_o punish_v it_o in_o some_o case_n they_o behove_v to_o suffer_v it_o from_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o go_v unpunished_a in_o all_o case_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o neither_o the_o devil_n nor_o witch_n can_v work_v miracle_n yet_o the_o offering_n to_o cheat_v the_o world_n by_o a_o commerce_n with_o the_o devil_n and_o the_o very_o believe_v that_o the_o devil_n be_v able_a to_o do_v such_o thing_n for_o they_o shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a crime_n but_o much_o more_o when_o they_o believe_v all_o those_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v by_o themselves_o they_o give_v their_o own_o express_a consent_n to_o the_o crime_n and_o concur_v by_o all_o that_o in_o they_o be_v to_o the_o commission_n of_o it_o likeas_n it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o the_o devil_n know_v all_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v apply_v active_n to_o passive_n that_o be_v unknown_a to_o we_o produce_v real_a effect_n which_o seem_v impossible_a to_o the_o three_o though_o charm_n be_v not_o able_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v punishable_a in_o witch_n yet_o since_o these_o effect_n can_v be_v produce_v without_o the_o devil_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o employ_v himself_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o any_o who_o have_v not_o resign_v themselves_o whole_o to_o he_o it_o be_v very_o just_a that_o the_o user_n of_o these_o shall_v be_v punish_v be_v guilty_a at_o least_o of_o apostasy_n and_o heresy_n the_o four_o argument_n be_v but_o a_o mere_a and_o silly_a sophism_n for_o though_o god_n in_o his_o providence_n permit_v at_o least_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v to_o be_v do_v yet_o such_o as_o contemn_v either_o the_o command_n of_o he_o or_o his_o vicegerent_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v some_o secret_n in_o nature_n which_o will_v have_v be_v look_v upon_o in_o the_o first_o author_n as_o the_o effect_n of_o magic_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o in_o the_o dull_a nation_n a_o philosopher_n draw_v iron_n with_o a_o loadstone_n may_v have_v run_v a_o great_a risque_fw-la of_o be_v burn_v and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o give_v a_o judgement_n of_o naudeus_n learned_a book_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o persian_a magician_n the_o assyrian_a chaldean_n the_o indian_a gymnosophist_n and_o the_o druid_n of_o the_o gaul_n for_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o many_o true_a mathematician_n and_o physician_n have_v pass_v for_o magician_n in_o the_o dull_a age_n of_o the_o world_n but_o as_o to_o this_o there_o be_v now_o no_o fear_n since_o learning_n have_v sufficient_o illuminat_fw-la the_o world_n so_o as_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o these_o two_o but_o i_o be_o still_o jealous_a of_o those_o sage_n who_o be_v frequent_v by_o familiar_a spirit_n though_o they_o be_v otherwise_o very_o excellent_a man_n such_o as_o porphir_n jamblicus_n plotin_n and_o other_o who_o pretend_v by_o the_o purity_n of_o their_o life_n to_o be_v so_o spiritual_a as_o to_o deserve_v the_o friendship_n of_o spirit_n for_o beside_o that_o the_o primitive_a father_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n have_v testify_v against_o such_o as_o mere_a magician_n it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a how_o those_o spirit_n which_o frequent_v they_o can_v be_v good_a since_o they_o be_v tempt_v to_o fall_v from_o the_o true_a religion_n to_o paganism_n and_o do_v offer_v such_o sacrifice_n as_o the_o true_a god_n do_v never_o allow_v and_o if_o such_o imposture_n be_v allow_v it_o be_v easy_a for_o any_o to_o defend_v themselves_o be_v true_o witch_n ii_o albeit_o witchcraft_n be_v the_o great_a of_o crime_n since_o it_o include_v in_o it_o the_o gross_a of_o heresy_n and_o blasphemy_n and_o treason_n against_o god_n in_o prefer_v to_o the_o almighty_a his_o rebel_n and_o enemy_n and_o in_o think_v the_o devil_n worthy_a of_o be_v serve_v and_o reverence_v and_o be_v accompany_v with_o murder_n poison_v bestiality_n and_o other_o horrid_a crime_n yet_o i_o conclude_v only_o from_o this_o that_o when_o witch_n be_v find_v guilty_a they_o shall_v be_v most_o severe_o punish_v not_o with_o scourge_v and_o banishment_n as_o the_o custom_n of_o savoy_n be_v relate_v to_o be_v by_o gothofred_n hoc_fw-la tit_n but_o by_o the_o most_o ignominious_a of_o death_n yet_o from_o the_o horridness_n of_o this_o crime_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o of_o all_o crime_n it_o require_v the_o clear_a relevancy_n and_o most_o convince_a probation_n and_o i_o condemn_v next_o to_o the_o witch_n themselves_o those_o cruel_a and_o too_o forward_a judge_n who_o burn_v person_n by_o thousand_o as_o guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n to_o who_o i_o shall_v recommend_v these_o consideration_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o any_o who_o hear_v of_o the_o kindness_n of_o god_n to_o man_n and_o of_o the_o devil_n malice_n against_o they_o of_o the_o reward_n of_o heaven_n and_o torment_n of_o hell_n will_v deliberate_o enter_v into_o the_o service_n of_o that_o wicked_a spirit_n who_o they_o know_v to_o have_v no_o riches_n to_o bestow_v nor_o power_n to_o help_v except_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o permission_n that_o he_o may_v tempt_v man_n and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o liar_n from_o the_o beginning_n his_o promise_n deserve_v no_o belief_n especial_o since_o in_o no_o man_n experience_n he_o have_v ever_o advantage_v any_o person_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a his_o service_n have_v bring_v all_o who_o enter_v in_o it_o to_o the_o stake_n ii_o those_o poor_a person_n who_o be_v ordinary_o accuse_v of_o this_o crime_n be_v poor_a ignorant_a creature_n and_o ofttimes_o woman_n who_o understand_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o they_o be_v accuse_v of_o and_o many_o mistake_v their_o own_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n for_o witchcraft_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o two_o instance_n one_o of_o a_o poor_a weaver_n who_o after_o he_o have_v confess_v witchcraft_n be_v ask_v how_o he_o see_v the_o devil_n he_o answer_v like_o fly_n dance_v about_o the_o candle_n another_o of_o a_o womâ—n_n who_o ask_v serious_o when_o she_o be_v accuse_v if_o a_o woman_n may_v be_v a_o witch_n and_o not_o know_v it_o and_o it_o be_v dangerous_a that_o these_o who_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o simple_a shall_v be_v try_v for_o a_o crime_n which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v most_o mysterious_a iii_o these_o poor_a creature_n when_o they_o be_v defame_v become_v so_o confound_v with_o fear_n and_o the_o close_a prison_n in_o which_o they_o be_v keep_v and_o so_o starve_v for_o want_n of_o meat_n and_o sleep_n either_o of_o which_o want_n be_v enough_o to_o disorder_v the_o strong_a reason_n that_o hardly_o wise_a and_o more_o serious_a people_n than_o they_o will_v escape_v distraction_n and_o when_o man_n be_v confound_v with_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n they_o will_v imagine_v thing_n very_o ridiculous_a and_o absurd_a and_o as_o no_o man_n will_v escape_v a_o profound_a melancholy_n upon_o such_o a_o occasion_n and_o amid_o such_o usage_n therefore_o i_o remit_v to_o physician_n and_o other_o to_o consider_v what_o may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o melancholy_a which_o have_v oft_o make_v man_n who_o appear_v otherways_o solid_a enough_o imagine_v they_o be_v horse_n or_o have_v lose_v their_o nose_n etc._n etc._n and_o since_o it_o may_v make_v man_n err_v in_o thing_n which_o be_v oblivious_a to_o their_o sense_n what_o may_v be_v expect_v as_o to_o thing_n which_o transcend_v the_o wise_a man_n reason_n iu._n most_o of_o these_o poor_a creature_n be_v torture_v by_o their_o keeper_n who_o be_v persuade_v they_o do_v god_n good_a service_n think_v it_o their_o duty_n to_o vex_v and_o torment_v poor_a prisoner_n and_o i_o know_v ex_fw-la certissima_fw-la scientia_fw-la that_o most_o of_o all_o that_o ever_o be_v take_v be_v torment_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o this_o usage_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o their_o confession_n and_o albeit_o the_o poor_a miscreant_n can_v prove_v this_o usage_n the_o actor_n be_v the_o only_a witness_n yet_o the_o judge_n shall_v be_v afraid_a of_o it_o as_o that_o which_o at_o first_o do_v elicit_v the_o confession_n and_o for_o fear_n of_o which_o they_o dare_v not_o retract_v it_o v._o i_o go_v when_o i_o be_v a_o justice-depute_a to_o examine_v some_o woman_n who_o have_v confess_v judicial_o and_o one_o of_o they_o who_o be_v a_o silly_a creature_n tell_v i_o under_o secrecy_n that_o she_o have_v not_o confess_v because_o she_o be_v guilty_a but_o be_v a_o poor_a creature_n who_o wrought_v for_o her_o meat_n and_o be_v defame_v for_o a_o witch_n
image_n of_o clay_n or_o wax_n and_o when_o the_o witch_n prick_v or_o punse_v these_o image_n the_o person_n who_o these_o image_n represent_v do_v find_v extreme_a torment_n which_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o influence_n these_o image_n have_v upon_o the_o body_n torment_v but_o the_o devil_n do_v by_o natural_a mean_n raise_v these_o torment_n in_o the_o person_n torment_v at_o the_o same_o very_a time_n that_o the_o witch_n do_v prick_v or_o punse_v or_o hold_v to_o the_o fire_n these_o image_n of_o clay_n or_o wax_n which_o manner_n of_o torment_n be_v late_o confess_v by_o some_o witch_n in_o inverness_n who_o likewise_o produce_v the_o image_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v they_o hate_v the_o person_n who_o be_v torment_v and_o upon_o a_o confession_n so_o adminiculat_fw-la witch_n may_v very_o judicious_o be_v be_v find_v guilty_a since_o constat_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la delicti_fw-la de_fw-la modo_fw-la de_fw-fr linquendi_fw-la &_o inimicitiis_fw-la praeviis_fw-la xxiii_o it_o be_v ordinary_o doubt_v whether_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o kirk_n session_n in_o this_o case_n be_v sufficient_a but_o this_o i_o have_v treat_v more_o full_o in_o the_o title_n of_o probation_n by_o confession_n only_o here_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o christian_a stewart_n be_v find_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o bewitch_a patrick_n ruthven_n by_o lay_v on_o he_o a_o heavy_a sickness_n with_o a_o black_a clout_n which_o she_o herself_o have_v confess_v before_o several_a minister_n nottar_n and_o other_o at_o diverse_a time_n all_o which_o confession_n be_v prove_v and_o upon_o these_o repeat_v confession_n she_o be_v burn_v novemb_n 1596._o margaret_n lawder_n be_v convict_v upon_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o magistrate_n and_o minister_n of_o edinburgh_n albeit_o pass_v from_o in_o judgement_n decemb._n 9_o 1643._o see_v that_o book_n of_o adjournal_n pag._n 349._o and_o if_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o full_o adminiculat_fw-la lawyer_n advise_v that_o confessor_n shall_v be_v subject_v to_o the_o torture_n which_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o scotland_n and_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o put_v james_n welch_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n though_o he_o have_v confess_v himself_o a_o witch_n before_o the_o presbytery_n of_o kirkcudbright_n because_o he_o be_v minor_a when_o he_o confess_v the_o crime_n and_o the_o confession_n be_v only_o extrajudicial_a and_o that_o he_o now_o retract_v the_o same_o but_o because_o he_o have_v so_o gross_o prevaricat_a and_o have_v delate_a so_o many_o honest_a person_n they_o ordain_v he_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o put_v in_o the_o correction_n house_n april_n 17._o 1662._o it_o be_v prove_v against_o margaret_n wallace_n march_v 20._o 1622._o that_o she_o say_v that_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o she_o be_v in_o greg_n house_n she_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o all_o the_o ditty_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o she_o be_v in_o greg_n house_n that_o probation_n be_v allege_v by_o the_o advocate_n to_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o confession_n as_o be_v find_v against_o patrick_n cheyn_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o this_o can_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o a_o lie_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o can_v not_o have_v even_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n but_o rather_o import_v a_o denial_n of_o the_o crime_n xxiv_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n in_o this_o crime_n be_v very_o difficult_a and_o therefore_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la or_o other_o confess_v witch_n be_v adduce_v but_o though_o many_o of_o they_o concur_v their_o deposition_n sole_o be_v not_o esteem_v as_o sufficient_a ne_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la poenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la imponendam_fw-la though_o some_o think_v the_o same_o sufficient_a to_o that_o end_n because_o of_o that_o general_a brocard_n ex_fw-la multiplicatis_fw-la indiciis_fw-la debilibus_fw-la resultare_fw-la indicia_fw-la indubitata_fw-la but_o delrio_n assert_n that_o the_o conjection_n of_o such_o testimony_n be_v not_o sufficient_a nanquam_fw-la enim_fw-la say_v he_o quae_fw-la sua_fw-la natura_fw-la dubia_fw-la sunt_fw-la possunt_fw-la facere_fw-la rem_fw-la indubitatam_fw-la ut_fw-la nec_fw-la multa_fw-la aegraunumsanum_fw-la nec_fw-la multa_fw-la non_fw-la alba_fw-la unus_fw-la album_fw-la nec_fw-la multa_fw-la tepida_fw-la anum_fw-la callidum_fw-la and_o that_o the_o testimony_n of_o one_o confess_v witch_n be_v find_v not_o sufficient_a to_o file_v the_o panel_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o process_n of_o alison_n jolly_a who_o be_v assoilzy_v pen._n octob._n 1596._o albeit_o janet_n hepburn_n another_o witch_n confess_v that_o the_o say_v alison_n have_v cause_v she_o bewitch_v isobel_n hepburn_n whereof_o she_o die_v but_o though_o witchcraft_n can_v be_v prove_v per_fw-la socios_fw-la criminis_fw-la though_o die_v and_o penitent_a witch_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o the_o consult_v witch_n may_v not_o be_v prove_v by_o two_o witch_n who_o be_v consult_v for_o if_o this_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o prove_v consult_v any_o other_o manner_n of_o way_n the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v by_o the_o witch_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n thus_o katherine_n wardlaw_n be_v admit_v against_o margaret_n hutchison_n but_o sometime_o they_o be_v only_o admit_v cum_fw-la nota_fw-la if_o the_o probation_n be_v not_o otherwise_o weak_a and_o thus_o william_n young_a and_o agnes_n hutchison_n be_v only_o admit_v cum_fw-la nota_fw-la against_o beatrix_n leslie_n august_n 1661._o and_o in_o that_o process_n likewise_o they_o receive_v only_a agnes_n ross_n cum_fw-la nota_fw-la because_o she_o be_v the_o mistress_n of_o the_o two_o woman_n who_o be_v maleficiat_fw-la neilson_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n against_o margaret_n wallace_n though_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o john_n nicol_n who_o have_v give_v information_n for_o raise_v the_o ditty_n because_o the_o ditty_n be_v not_o at_o nicols_n instance_n and_o yet_o starling_n be_v set_v from_o be_v a_o assizer_n because_o moor_n who_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o person_n maleficiat_fw-la be_v his_o brother_n in_o law_n march_n 2._o 1622._o dickson_n be_v there_o likewise_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n though_o he_o assist_v the_o bailie_n in_o take_v she_o which_o be_v find_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a citizen_n and_o though_o he_o have_v deadly_a fead_z against_o her_o husband_n since_o it_o be_v not_o prove_v he_o have_v any_o against_o herself_o woman_n be_v receive_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o process_n against_o margaret_n wallace_n and_o all_o the_o process_n in_o august_n 1661._o the_o not_o shed_v of_o tear_n have_v be_v use_v as_o a_o mark_n and_o presumption_n of_o witchcraft_n sprenger_n mal_fw-fr malef_fw-fr p._n 3._o q._n 15._o because_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o impenitence_n and_o because_o several_a witch_n have_v confess_v they_o can_v not_o weep_v but_o the_o be_v accuse_v of_o so_o horrid_a a_o crime_n may_v occasion_v a_o deep_a melancholy_n and_o melancholy_a be_v cold_a and_o dry_a hinder_v the_o shed_v of_o tear_n and_o great_a grief_n do_v rather_o astonish_v than_o make_v one_o weep_v xxv_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n be_v with_o we_o death_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v execute_v as_o well_o against_o the_o user_n as_o the_o seeker_n of_o any_o response_n or_o consultation_n &_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la the_o doom_n bear_v to_o be_v worry_v at_o the_o stake_n and_o burn_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n consulter_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n l._n 5._o c._n the_o mafef_n &_o mathem_n nemo_fw-la aruspicem_fw-la consulat_fw-la aut_fw-la mathematicum_fw-la nemo_fw-la ariolum_fw-la angurum_fw-la et_fw-la vatum_fw-la prava_fw-la confessio_fw-la nonticescat_fw-la sileat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la rer_fw-la petuo_fw-la divinandi_fw-la curiositas_fw-la in_o which_o law_n fortune_n teller_n be_v also_o punishable_a though_o with_o we_o dumb_a person_n who_o pretend_v to_o foretell_v future_a event_n be_v never_o punish_v capital_o but_o yet_o i_o have_v see_v they_o torture_v by_o order_n from_o the_o council_n upon_o a_o representation_n that_o they_o be_v not_o true_o dumb_a but_o feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v so_o abuse_v and_o cheat_v the_o people_n the_o foresaid_a law_n be_v renew_v in_o the_o basilick_v l._n 31_o h._n t._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o farin_n and_o other_o think_v that_o where_o no_o person_n be_v injure_v death_n shall_v not_o be_v inflict_v and_o thaâ—_n imprisonment_n and_o banishment_n be_v now_o practise_v by_o all_o nation_n in_o that_o case_n lib._n 1._o tom._n 3._o quest_n 20._o num._n 89._o &_o clarus_n §_o heresis_fw-la num_fw-la ult_n but_o perezeus_fw-la think_v this_o too_o favourable_a a_o punishment_n except_o the_o user_n of_o these_o curious_a art_n be_v induce_v thereto_o out_o of_o mere_a simplicity_n &_o sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la but_o with_o we_o no_o such_o distinction_n can_v
account_v as_o distract_a person_n and_o if_o they_o be_v punishable_a for_o any_o crime_n it_o behove_v to_o be_v for_o such_o as_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n vii_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a and_o too_o ordinary_a for_o woman_n who_o bear_v bastard_n to_o murder_v they_o and_o therefore_o to_o obviate_v this_o the_o law_n presume_v so_o far_o a_o woman_n who_o have_v bear_v a_o bastard_n and_o have_v conceal_v she_o be_v with_o child_n to_o be_v guilty_a of_o parricide_n if_o the_o child_n be_v find_v dead_a that_o it_o punish_v she_o by_o some_o extraordinary_a punishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n except_o she_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o child_n be_v bear_v dead_a thus_o it_o be_v decide_v in_o savoy_n 1595_o vid._n cod._a fab_n de_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-la parent_n occid_n def._n 11._o and_o with_o we_o lawson_n and_o ramsey_n be_v both_o scourge_v annis_fw-la 1661._o and_o 1662._o even_o though_o they_o be_v assoylzy_v from_o the_o murder_n but_o i_o think_v that_o this_o be_v severe_a if_o the_o woman_n open_o acknowledge_v that_o she_o be_v with_o child_n though_o none_o be_v present_a when_o she_o bring_v it_o forth_o and_o in_o all_o such_o case_n woman_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n the_o take_a potion_n also_o to_o make_v one_o part_n with_o child_n abortum_fw-la procurans_fw-la shall_v be_v a_o species_n of_o parricide_n in_o my_o opinion_n since_o she_o thus_o endeavour_n to_o kill_v she_o own_o child_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n l._n cicero_n ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la and_o though_o the_o doctor_n distinguish_v here_o betwixt_o the_o use_v such_o mean_n after_o the_o child_n be_v quick_a or_o before_o it_o make_v it_o capital_a in_o the_o one_o case_n but_o not_o in_o the_o other_o yet_o they_o presume_v that_o the_o child_n be_v quick_a quod_fw-la fetus_fw-la erat_fw-la animatus_fw-la and_o that_o in_o odium_fw-la delinquentis_fw-la and_o burden_v the_o delinquent_a to_o prove_v the_o contrair_a gomes_n the_o delict_n cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 32._o assert_n that_o this_o be_v presume_v not_o to_o infer_v death_n but_o ecclesiastic_a punishment_n and_o since_o to_o prove_v the_o contrair_a seem_v to_o i_o impossible_a i_o incline_v to_o gomesius_n his_o opinion_n but_o yet_o the_o use_v such_o mean_n even_o before_o the_o birth_n be_v quick_a be_v arbitrary_o punishable_a as_o be_v even_o the_o use_v mean_n to_o hâ—nder_a conception_n marsil_n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la mulierem_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr sicar_n and_o in_o these_o case_n both_o the_o physician_n who_o administrat_n the_o cure_n and_o the_o woman_n who_o take_v be_v equal_o punishable_a marsil_n ibid._n viii_o so_o horrid_a be_v parricide_n that_o what_o will_v be_v but_o a_o degree_n of_o guilt_n in_o other_o crime_n make_v a_o complete_a crime_n here_o and_o thus_o a_o child_n endeavour_v to_o poison_v his_o father_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 1._o basil._n h._n t._n and_o to_o kill_v parent_n by_o give_v they_o wound_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n in_o savoy_n c._n fab_n h._n t._n though_o the_o wound_a parent_n intercee_v to_o the_o contrair_a and_o the_o son_n who_o buy_v poison_n to_o poison_v his_o father_n though_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o give_v it_o carer_n §_o homicidium_fw-la num_fw-la 128._o for_o which_o crime_n suffer_v with_o the_o son_n the_o physician_n who_o furnish_v the_o drug_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 2._o basil_n h._n t._n and_o the_o person_n who_o lend_v the_o son_n the_o money_n to_o buy_v they_o but_o regular_o these_o stranger_n be_v not_o capital_o punishable_a for_o such_o a_o accession_n except_o the_o crime_n take_v effect_n and_o this_o be_v the_o present_a custom_n of_o nation_n though_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o the_o basilick_n they_o who_o be_v conscious_a or_o lend_v the_o money_n or_o be_v surety_n for_o money_n to_o be_v so_o bestow_v be_v guilty_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o yet_o he_o who_o command_v a_o son_n to_o kill_v his_o father_n be_v not_o guilty_a of_o parricide_n caepol_n consil._n 36._o which_o may_v seem_v strange_a since_o to_o give_v poison_n to_o kill_v a_o father_n seem_v equal_a guilt_n to_o give_v a_o son_n command_v to_o kill_v his_o father_n as_o these_o circumstance_n heighten_v parricide_n so_o there_o be_v some_o which_o restrict_n the_o punishment_n as_o if_o the_o father_n shall_v find_v that_o his_o son_n have_v lyen_fw-we with_o his_o own_o mother-in-law_n and_o have_v kill_v he_o upon_o that_o account_n though_o not_o in_o the_o very_a act_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lawyer_n think_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v only_o punish_v by_o banishment_n but_o not_o by_o death_n and_o that_o general_o for_o whatever_o crime_n or_o fault_n a_o father_n may_v exheredat_fw-la a_o son_n that_o the_o same_o fault_n will_v excuse_v the_o father_n from_o death_n if_o he_o kill_v his_o son_n l._n divus_o ff_n de_fw-fr paricid_n &_o cabal_n case_z 15._o some_o also_o think_v that_o a_o woman_n kill_v her_o husband_n who_o be_v banish_v and_o upon_o who_o head_n a_o fine_n be_v put_v be_v not_o punishable_a by_o death_n because_o her_o husband_n be_v nullus_fw-la injure_v and_o law_n allow_v all_o to_o kill_v such_o a_o person_n without_o any_o distinction_n betwixt_o wife_n or_o other_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n have_v conclude_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o death_n since_o such_o sentence_n lose_v not_o the_o wife_n be_v natural_a obligation_n but_o he_o be_v still_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o law_n own_v so_o far_o the_o relation_n as_o not_o to_o punish_v she_o for_o omit_v to_o kill_v he_o or_o for_o cohabit_v with_o he_o cub_n consil_n 278._o a_o father_n kill_v his_o son_n by_o accident_n ought_v not_o to_o die_v and_o therefore_o much_o less_o he_o who_o kill_v he_o in_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n for_o self-defence_n be_v a_o duty_n this_o crime_n be_v so_o odious_a that_o be_v prescribe_v not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d title_n fourteen_o incest_n sodomy_n bestiality_n 1._o what_o incest_n be_v and_o the_o several_a kind_n thereof_o 2._o the_o punishment_n of_o incest_n by_o our_o law_n 3._o sodomy_n how_o punish_v 4._o bestiality_n how_o punish_v incest_n be_v define_v by_o the_o civilian_n to_o be_v faeda_fw-la &_o nefaria_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o fâ—minae_fw-la commixtio_fw-la contra_fw-la reverentiam_fw-la sanguini_fw-la debitam_fw-la incest_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n viz._n that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o into_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o country_n all_o copulation_n betwixt_o ascendant_n and_o descendant_n such_o as_o grandfather_n father_n mother_n son_n daughter_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o all_o acknowledge_a to_o be_v incest_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o it_o be_v controvert_v whether_o the_o brother_n lie_v with_o the_o sister_n be_v incest_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o roman_a catholic_n allege_v it_o be_v not_o because_o it_o be_v allow_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o therefore_o they_o conclude_v that_o the_o pope_n may_v dispense_v therewith_o and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o difference_n betwixt_o that_o incest_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o which_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n the_o second_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o be_v that_o the_o pain_n of_o incest_n when_o it_o be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v death_n but_o when_o against_o the_o municipal_a law_n it_o be_v only_a deportation_n l._n 5._o ff_n de_fw-fr quest_n the_o three_o difference_n be_v that_o incest_n commit_v only_o against_o the_o municipal_a law_n be_v excuse_v in_o a_o woman_n in_o figura_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la but_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o but_o the_o man_n be_v inexcusable_a in_o either_o matheus_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi num._n 5._o the_o four_o difference_n be_v that_o if_o a_o marriage_n contract_v be_v rescind_v as_o incestuous_a all_o the_o committer_n good_n be_v confiscate_v if_o the_o incest_n be_v commit_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o tocher_n and_o jointure_n be_v only_o confiscate_v if_o the_o incest_n be_v only_o commit_v against_o the_o municipal_a law_n matheus_n ii_o our_o law_n do_v not_o observe_v the_o above-written_a distinction_n but_o it_o be_v universal_o statut._n act_n 14._o p._n 1._o i._o 6._o that_o whosoever_o pollute_v his_o body_n with_o such_o person_n in_o degree_n as_o god_n word_n do_v contain_v in_o the_o 18._o of_o leviticus_n shall_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n albeit_o by_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n whosoever_o abuse_v his_o body_n it_o will_v seem_v that_o such_o as_o actual_o copulat_v be_v only_o punishable_a by_o this_o act_n yet_o i_o think_v nudus_fw-la conatus_fw-la or_o endeavour_v be_v punishable_a by_o death_n as_o it_o be_v in_o
return_v 4._o how_o a_o endeavour_n to_o break_v prison_n be_v punishable_a 5._o how_o the_o master_n of_o the_o prison_n be_v punish_v if_o the_o prisoner_n escape_v prison_n be_v ordain_v to_o keep_v prisoner_n till_o they_o be_v try_v and_o therefore_o he_o who_o break_v they_o do_v more_o than_o tacit_o acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n since_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v that_o if_o he_o be_v innocent_a he_o will_v think_v himself_o oblige_v in_o honour_n as_o well_o as_o interest_n to_o wait_v till_o he_o be_v absolve_v judicial_o and_o since_o prison_n be_v the_o great_a security_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n therefore_o to_o break_v they_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sacrilege_n and_o as_o the_o wall_n of_o our_o city_n be_v sacred_a because_o they_o defend_v we_o against_o our_o enemy_n so_o shall_v prison_n because_o they_o defend_v we_o against_o our_o wicked_a countryman_n who_o be_v the_o great_a enemy_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n do_v also_o in_o the_o case_n of_o hiltoun_n well_o call_v break_v of_o prison_n a_o public_a hame-sucken_a i._o the_o breaky_a of_o prison_n who_o the_o civil_a law_n call_v effractor_n carceris_fw-la be_v punish_v paena_fw-la capitali_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr effractor_n but_o by_o that_o punishment_n be_v mean_v not_o death_n for_o that_o be_v too_o severe_a but_o capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la est_fw-la mors_fw-la civilis_fw-la and_o in_o effect_n he_o be_v arbitrar_o punishable_a except_o he_o be_v a_o soldier_n for_o soldier_n break_v prison_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n l._n 13._o ff_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi milit_fw-la because_o soldier_n have_v ordinary_o more_o courage_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v overawe_v by_o great_a punishment_n and_o yet_o i_o know_v the_o learned_a matheus_n think_v that_o quilibet_fw-la effractor_n carceris_fw-la be_v punishable_a by_o death_n but_o i_o think_v not_o his_o argument_n conclude_v for_o though_o ulp._n l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr effract_a say_v that_o suplicium_fw-la est_fw-la sumendum_fw-la yet_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o by_o supplicium_fw-la be_v mean_v death_n since_o all_o the_o glossator_n make_v supplicium_fw-la a_o genus_fw-la and_o when_o lawyer_n mean_v death_n by_o it_o they_o say_v ultimum_fw-la simplicium_fw-la and_o though_o cicero_n say_v that_o exilium_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la supplicium_fw-la sed_fw-la perfugium_fw-la &_o portus_fw-la supplicii_fw-la he_o speak_v there_o as_o a_o orator_n and_o indeed_o as_o to_o these_o who_o deserve_v to_o die_v banishment_n be_v a_o harbour_n and_o happiness_n nor_o do_v his_o other_o argument_n bring_v from_o the_o above-written_a law_n concern_v soldier_n conclude_v for_o soldier_n as_o i_o observe_v be_v more_o severe_o punishable_a than_o other_o because_o of_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o event_n and_o strictness_n of_o discipline_n and_o because_o as_o i_o observe_v they_o fearless_a and_o so_o ought_v to_o be_v more_o threaten_v than_o other_o but_o what_o need_n be_v there_o to_o have_v make_v a_o special_a law_n for_o soldier_n if_o all_o breaker_n of_o prison_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o it_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o arbitrary_a crime_n such_o as_o this_o be_v confess_v to_o be_v to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o the_o word_n capite_fw-la punire_fw-la shall_v always_o be_v interpret_v in_o the_o meek_a sense_n it_o can_v bear_v nor_o see_v i_o why_o the_o law_n will_v have_v speak_v so_o general_o if_o it_o have_v design_v that_o severity_n by_o our_o law_n breaker_n of_o prison_n be_v punish_v by_o banishment_n or_o fyne_a according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n but_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n determine_v the_o punishment_n ii_o he_o who_o flee_v out_o of_o prison_n when_o it_o be_v break_v by_o another_o shall_v in_o the_o judgement_n of_o julius_n clarus_n be_v punish_v in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n itself_o because_o he_o confess_v the_o crime_n and_o flight_n be_v a_o presume_a acknowledgement_n far._n quest_n 21._o num_fw-la 25._o but_o this_o seem_v to_o i_o too_o severe_a for_o flight_n be_v a_o presumption_n and_o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o condemn_v upon_o presumption_n and_o be_v it_o not_o absurd_a to_o condemn_v a_o man_n to_o die_v for_o a_o crime_n of_o which_o he_o be_v find_v by_o the_o trial_n of_o other_o to_o be_v innocent_a and_o man_n may_v flee_v out_o of_o prison_n rather_o because_o of_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o restraint_n than_o out_o from_o the_o conscience_n of_o guilt_n vid._n pegner_n quest_n 1._o crim_n but_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o violence_n use_v a_o person_n imprison_v for_o a_o criminal_a cause_n may_v escape_v lawful_o perez_n ad_fw-la tit_n c._n the_o custod_a reor_fw-la because_o he_o may_v redeem_v lawful_o his_o own_o blood_n from_o hazard_n if_o the_o person_n incarcerat_o be_v incarcerat_o only_o for_o a_o civil_a debt_n he_o go_v out_o of_o prison_n be_v even_o in_o that_o case_n find_v punishable_a only_o by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n july_n 3._o 1673._o in_o the_o case_n of_o francis_n irving_n of_o hiltoun_n who_o be_v pursue_v for_o break_v the_o prison_n of_o aberdene_n where_o the_o libel_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o upon_o our_o municipal_a law_n and_o custom_n without_o cite_v any_o particular_a law_n and_o subsume_v that_o he_o be_v incarcerat_a for_o a_o civil_a debt_n he_o and_o other_o break_v the_o prison_n at_o least_o escape_v the_o prison_n be_v break_v and_o therefore_o conclude_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n and_o payment_n of_o the_o damage_n do_v to_o the_o tolbuith_n against_o which_o libel_n it_o be_v allege_v 1._o that_o it_o be_v not_o relevant_a since_o it_o condescend_v upon_o no_o statute_n nor_o have_v we_o any_o statute_n or_o practic_n make_v the_o go_v out_o of_o prison_n when_o it_o be_v break_v by_o another_o punishable_a and_o when_o the_o imprisonment_n be_v only_o for_o a_o civil_a debt_n nor_o be_v this_o a_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o punish_v only_o effractores_fw-la carcerum_fw-la but_o not_o eos_fw-la qui_fw-la evaserunt_fw-la for_o nigrum_fw-la nunquam_fw-la excedere_fw-la debet_fw-la rubram_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v nothing_o in_o the_o title_n shall_v exceed_v the_o rubric_n and_o therefore_o the_o inscription_n or_o rubric_n be_v de_fw-la effractoribus_fw-la only_o such_o be_v criminal_a by_o that_o title_n as_o be_v effractores_fw-la and_o as_o perez_n observe_v num_fw-la 16._o si_fw-mi absit_fw-la violentia_fw-la potest_fw-la reus_fw-la aufugere_fw-la à _fw-la carcere_fw-la quem_fw-la apertum_fw-la vidit_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o punish_v effractores_fw-la carcerum_fw-la do_v not_o militat_fw-la here_o since_o there_o be_v no_o prejudice_n do_v to_o the_o prison_n nor_o violence_n commit_v against_o authority_n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a because_o natural_a to_o every_o man_n to_o recover_v his_o natural_a liberty_n nor_o be_v it_o ever_o hear_v that_o a_o man_n run_v away_o from_o a_o messenger_n be_v punish_v as_o effractor_n carceris_fw-la and_o yet_o that_o be_v the_o same_o guilt_n with_o what_o be_v here_o pursue_v 2._o the_o libel_n conclude_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o break_n of_o prison_n because_o he_o escape_v out_o of_o prison_n when_o break_v be_v most_o irrelevant_a since_o the_o one_o may_v exist_v without_o the_o other_o for_o one_o may_v escape_v and_o not_o break_v and_o therefore_o the_o one_o can_v be_v necessary_o illative_a of_o the_o other_o 3._o the_o pay_a damage_n can_v be_v conclude_v against_o one_o who_o only_o go_v out_o since_o he_o who_o go_v only_o out_o of_o prison_n occasion_n no_o damage_n and_o consequent_o aught_o to_o pay_v none_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o have_v be_v the_o constant_a opinion_n of_o lawyer_n that_o go_v out_o of_o prison_n that_o be_v break_v be_v a_o crime_n since_o the_o prisoner_n ought_v to_o have_v take_v no_o advantage_n of_o another_o man_n crime_n but_o ought_v rather_o to_o have_v hinder_v the_o break_n of_o the_o prison_n and_o to_o have_v cry_v and_o advertise_v the_o keeper_n whereas_o here_o the_o prison_n be_v break_v by_o a_o long_a and_o daily_o work_v and_o yet_o no_o notice_n be_v give_v likea_n skeen_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o the_o 1._o chap._n stat._n david_n 2._o observe_n that_o qui_fw-la effracto_fw-la carcere_fw-la aufugerit_fw-la capite_fw-la punitur_fw-la which_o be_v consonant_n to_o 13._o ff_v de_fw-fr re_fw-mi milit_fw-la &_o l._n 36._o ff_n de_fw-fr paen_fw-la to_o the_o 2._o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o prison_n be_v break_v in_o the_o night_n time_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi can_v not_o distinguish_v who_o break_v it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o prove_v break_v it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a to_o prove_v the_o crime_n and_o since_o the_o panel_n may_v have_v stay_v and_o have_v clear_v his_o own_o innocence_n it_o be_v just_a
the_o realm_n during_o his_o life-time_n 1._o novem._n 1597._o the_o prosecution_n of_o this_o crime_n concern_v only_o his_o majesty_n be_v interest_n and_o therefore_o the_o diet_n be_v desert_v because_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n nor_o none_o to_o represent_v he_o do_v not_o concur_v nor_o be_v the_o libel_n raise_v at_o his_o instance_n 20._o july_n 1596._o mr._n james_n leask_n against_o andrew_n red._n title_n xxxiii_o beggar_n and_o vagabond_n 1._o how_o beggar_n and_o vagabond_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n our_o law_n have_v be_v so_o charitable_a as_o to_o provide_v for_o beggar_n by_o special_a statute_n ja._n 1._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 25._o ja._n 1._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 42._o ja._n 4._o p._n 6._o parl._n cap._n 70._o ja._n 5._o parl._n 4._o cap._n 21._o but_o sturdy_a beggar_n our_o law_n call_v they_o egyptian_n ofttimes_o as_o the_o french_a call_v they_o bohemian_n and_o vagabond_n shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o by_o the_o sheriff_n and_o other_o judge_n and_o they_o may_v exact_v caution_n of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o find_v none_o they_o shall_v be_v denounce_v fugitive_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 1._o cap._n 97._o and_o may_v be_v send_v to_o public_a work-house_n or_o put_v in_o the_o stock_n ja._n 6._o parl._n 12._o cap._n 124.144_o and_o 147._o item_n ja._n 6._o par._n 15._o cap._n 268._o and_o if_o they_o be_v recept_n after_o they_o be_v denounce_v fugitive_n their_o receptor_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o prejudice_n sustain_v and_o the_o party_n damnify_v will_v have_v action_n against_o the_o magistrate_n within_o who_o bound_n or_o jurisdiction_n these_o vagabound_v be_v recept_n witting_o ja._n 6._o parl._n 11._o cap._n 97._o but_o this_o act_n determine_v not_o whether_o this_o witting_o relate_v to_o the_o receptor_n or_o magistrate_n yet_o by_o the_o common_a law_n the_o adverb_n scienter_fw-la be_v still_o applicable_a to_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o penal_a statute_n run_v so_o that_o except_o the_o magistrate_n know_v that_o the_o vagabond_n be_v harbour_v within_o his_o bound_n it_o be_v severe_a to_o sustain_v action_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n against_o he_o though_o the_o receptor_n know_v the_o vagabond_n and_o do_v witting_o recept_n he_o but_o i_o think_v that_o if_o the_o magistrate_n do_v either_o omit_v his_o duty_n he_o will_v be_v liable_a nam_fw-la scire_fw-la &_o scire_fw-la debere_fw-la aequiparantar_fw-la or_o if_o he_o be_v willing_o ignorant_a i_o find_v that_o a._n b._n being_z pursue_v criminal_o for_o general_n recept_v vagabond_n this_o action_n be_v not_o sustain_v but_o he_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o kirk_n session_n which_o it_o seem_v be_v do_v because_o of_o the_o 147._o act_n parl._n 12._o ja._n 6._o whereby_o minister_n elder_n and_o deacon_n may_v nominâ—t_v any_o two_o of_o their_o number_n to_o inquire_v into_o this_o crime_n and_o who_o his_o majesty_n make_v and_o constitute_v justice_n as_o to_o that_o effect_n it_o appear_v by_o a_o proclamation_n emit_v by_o the_o council_n in_o anno_fw-la 1603._o these_o egyptian_n be_v order_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o the_o 13._o act_n parl._n 20._o ja._n 6._o and_o upon_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n moses_n shaw_n and_o other_o egyptian_n sorner_n and_o vagabond_n be_v hang_v the_o last_o of_o july_n 1611._o ii_o our_o law_n have_v in_o this_o follow_v exact_o the_o civil_a for_o there_o be_v a_o title_n in_o the_o codex_fw-la de_fw-la mendicantibus_fw-la validis_fw-la our_o sturdy_a beggar_n and_o the_o novel_a 80._o this_o crime_n be_v also_o call_v by_o the_o athenian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sive_fw-la otii_fw-la ignavi_fw-la de_fw-la quo_fw-la vide_fw-la heigium_fw-la l._n 2._o quest_n 27._o title_n xxxiv_o robery_n oppression_n vis_fw-la publica_fw-la &_o privata_fw-la 1._o the_o several_a epithet_n give_v to_o robbery_n and_o how_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o crime_n 2._o common_a theft_n and_o stouthrief_n how_o punish_v by_o our_o law_n 3._o several_a decision_n as_o to_o this_o crime_n 4._o how_o the_o assist_v of_o robber_n be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 5._o in_o what_o case_n be_v it_o lawful_a to_o join_v against_o robber_n 6._o the_o punishment_n of_o oppression_n by_o our_o law_n 7._o in_o what_o case_n the_o civil_a right_n be_v to_o be_v discuss_v before_o the_o violence_n can_v be_v criminal_o punish_v 8._o how_o oppression_n be_v term_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o how_o it_o be_v thereby_o punish_v 9_o what_o concussion_n be_v and_o how_o punish_v 10._o black_a mail_n how_o punish_v man_n may_v by_o diligence_n and_o circumspection_n defend_v themselves_o against_o theft_n and_o these_o who_o steal_v clandestine_o show_v a_o reverence_n even_o to_o that_o law_n which_o they_o transgress_v but_o robbery_n and_o oppression_n be_v crime_n against_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o fence_n and_o in_o which_o these_o who_o violat_a the_o law_n contemn_v the_o legislator_n to_o defend_v they_o against_o these_o man_n do_v associate_v themselves_o under_o government_n and_o renounce_v their_o native_a liberty_n for_o the_o protection_n of_o law_n nor_o can_v law_n justify_v the_o severity_n of_o its_o punishment_n and_o the_o great_a exaction_n it_o require_v but_o by_o return_v to_o these_o it_o command_v a_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a security_n against_o all_o rapine_n and_o violence_n i._o when_o theft_n be_v aggrage_v by_o violence_n it_o be_v call_v robbery_n from_o the_o german_a word_n raube_n and_o be_v with_o we_o call_v stouthrieff_n stouth_n signify_v theft_n and_o rieff_n signify_v violence_n in_o which_o crime_n our_o person_n be_v endanger_v as_o well_o as_o our_o estate_n and_o so_o be_v ordinary_o punish_v by_o death_n even_o in_o these_o country_n where_o theft_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o pecunial_a mulct_n or_o whip_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n among_o the_o jew_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o david_n answer_n to_o nathan_n parable_n though_o theft_n be_v only_o punish_v by_o restitution_n and_o though_o calistratus_n l._n 28._o §_o grassatores_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr paenis_fw-la seem_v to_o make_v such_o only_a punishable_a if_o they_o robb_n frequent_o and_o in_o high_a way_n and_o with_o arm_n grassatores_fw-la qui_fw-la praedae_fw-la causa_fw-la id_fw-la faciunt_fw-la proximi_fw-la latronibus_fw-la habentur_fw-la &_o si_fw-la cum_fw-la ferro_fw-la aggredi_fw-la &_o spoliare_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la capite_fw-la puniuntur_fw-la utique_fw-la si_fw-la saepius_fw-la atque_fw-la in_o itineribus_fw-la hoc_fw-la admiserunt_fw-la caeteri_fw-la in_o metallum_fw-la dantur_fw-la aut_fw-la in_o insulas_fw-la relegantur_fw-la yet_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n robbery_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n though_o it_o be_v not_o reiterated_a and_o i_o think_v that_o law_n must_v be_v only_o understand_v of_o such_o as_o design_v to_o robb_n qui_fw-la instituerunt_fw-la who_o be_v punishable_a though_o they_o actual_o rob_v nothing_o and_o have_v no_o design_n to_o kill_v but_o to_o plunder_v predae_fw-la causae_fw-la if_o they_o go_v out_o frequent_o and_o to_o high_a way_n with_o that_o design_n for_o if_o they_o actual_o rob_v or_o have_v a_o design_n to_o kill_v though_o they_o kill_v not_o yet_o they_o be_v still_o punishable_a by_o death_n by_o all_o law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ii_o the_o quality_n of_o frequent_a and_o common_a commit_v theft_n and_o robbery_n be_v not_o only_o a_o quality_n that_o raise_v the_o crime_n of_o theft_n alone_o from_o be_v punishable_a by_o restitution_n to_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o other_o nation_n but_o by_o the_o 51._o act_n 11._o parl._n i._n 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o land_v man_n who_o be_v convict_v of_o common_a theft_n recept_n of_o theft_n or_o stouthreif_n shall_v incur_v the_o crime_n and_o pain_n of_o treason_n upon_o which_o act_n it_o be_v controvert_v whether_o the_o word_n common_a be_v a_o quality_n and_o adjunct_n to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o recept_n of_o theft_n and_o stouthreif_a as_o well_o as_o theft_n since_o the_o act_n say_v but_o only_o common_a theft_n not_o common_a recept_n of_o theft_n nor_o common_a stouthreif_n and_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o it_o be_v reasonable_a that_o this_o shall_v be_v understand_v of_o all_o see_v it_o be_v that_o quality_n which_o render_v they_o treason_n for_o simple_a recept_n will_v not_o have_v be_v declare_v treasonable_a of_o itself_o and_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a l._n 28._o the_o reiterate_v this_o crime_n aggrage_v it_o from_o banishment_n to_o death_n and_o in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o speak_v man_n cease_v not_o to_o repeat_v such_o word_n likeas_n it_o be_v just_a that_o as_o the_o crime_n be_v in_o landless_a man_n punishable_a only_o by_o restitution_n or_o death_n if_o repeat_v so_o in_o land_a man_n the_o punishment_n shall_v grow_v proportional_o and_o infer_v death_n or_o treason_n if_o common_o commit_v to_o which_o
therefore_o adviser_n may_v appear_v in_o our_o law_n to_o be_v punishable_a as_o the_o principal_a offender_n see_v art_n and_o part_n be_v punishable_a as_o the_o principal_a crime_n with_o we_o yet_o the_o council_n use_v to_o mitigat_n the_o punishment_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v not_o atrocius_fw-la and_o the_o judge_n shall_v here_o consider_v whether_o the_o adviser_n give_v the_o counsel_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o former_a malice_n conceive_v by_o himself_o or_o if_o it_o be_v only_o give_v in_o resentment_n of_o any_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o committer_n and_o he_o be_v to_o be_v more_o severe_o punish_v in_o the_o first_o case_n then_o in_o the_o last_o 2._o in_o the_o case_n or_o advice_n the_o advisers_n age_n be_v much_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o though_o minor_n and_o these_o who_o be_v drink_v may_v be_v punish_v for_o murder_n yet_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o advice_n 3._o the_o word_n in_o which_o the_o advice_n be_v conceive_v shall_v still_o be_v interpret_v most_o favourable_a for_o the_o adviser_n for_o word_n be_v capable_a of_o several_a and_o distinct_a sense_n according_o as_o they_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o speaker_n and_o word_n do_v vary_v by_o the_o accent_n or_o punctation_n 4._o if_o the_o adviser_n retreat_v his_o opinion_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v if_o he_o thereafter_o dissuade_v the_o committer_n but_o some_o require_v that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la he_o do_v intimate_fw-la to_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o advice_n be_v give_v what_o danger_n he_o be_v in_o for_o else_o the_o advice_n once_o give_v may_v occasion_v the_o murder_n though_o thereafter_o disow_v iv._o he_o who_o give_v order_n to_o commit_v a_o crime_n be_v in_o our_o law_n be_v and_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n commit_v as_o be_v find_v in_o john_n mackintosh_n case_n the_o 11._o of_o may_v 1673._o and_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n punishable_a in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o manner_n with_o the_o principal_a party_n whether_o that_o principal_a or_o chief_a committer_n will_v have_v commit_v the_o crime_n or_o not_o without_o that_o mandat_fw-la nam_fw-la quando_fw-la mandatum_fw-la cadit_fw-la in_o delictum_fw-la non_fw-la queritur_fw-la a_o mandatorius_fw-la pierce_v commississet_fw-la gomes_n in_fw-ge §_o penale_n just_a de_fw-fr actionibus_fw-la and_o see_v this_o distinction_n hold_v not_o in_o mandato_fw-la i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v hold_v in_o confilio_fw-la not_o only_o if_o one_o give_v order_n to_o commit_v the_o crime_n be_v he_o liable_a as_o art_n and_o part_n but_o if_o he_o give_v order_n to_o do_v that_o which_o which_o be_v inseparable_o join_v to_o the_o commission_n of_o it_o and_o even_o if_o he_o give_v order_n to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a in_o it_o self_n may_v produce_v the_o crime_n and_o thus_o if_o one_o give_v order_n to_o wound_v a_o man_n it_o be_v think_v that_o if_o the_o person_n die_v of_o the_o wound_n he_o receive_v the_o giver_n of_o the_o mandat_fw-la be_v guilty_a of_o the_o murder_n except_o the_o order_n be_v restrict_v to_o wound_v with_o a_o stone_n club_n or_o some_o such_o weapon_n as_o be_v not_o mortal_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o committer_n be_v only_o punishable_a paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la and_o by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n not_o reach_v death_n clar._n quest_n 89._o num_fw-la 5._o what_o word_n will_v infer_v a_o command_n can_v be_v determine_v but_o it_o be_v find_v in_o mackintosh_n case_n that_o his_o desire_n to_o bring_v druchdarg_fw-mi who_o be_v kill_v dead_a or_o alive_a do_v not_o infer_v his_o be_v art_n or_o part_n of_o the_o murder_n for_o he_o have_v a_o caption_n against_o druchdarg_n he_o may_v desire_v the_o messenger_n or_o his_o son_n to_o pursue_v he_o if_o he_o resist_v the_o caption_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o word_n can_v import_v proper_o no_o other_o sense_n than_o such_o as_o will_v infer_v a_o crime_n the_o speak_n of_o they_o will_v infer_v art_n and_o part_n and_o thus_o frazeâ—_n of_o culhockie_n be_v pursue_v on_o the_o 9_o of_o july_n 1675._o for_o deforce_v a_o messenger_n he_o be_v find_v guilty_a because_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o after_o he_o be_v apprehend_v by_o the_o messenger_n he_o cry_v to_o his_o natural_a son_n to_o come_v up_o and_o help_v he_o and_o to_o give_v these_o man_n their_o reward_n whereupon_o his_o natural_a son_n do_v invade_v the_o messenger_n and_o he_o thereupon_o escape_v and_o in_o general_a i_o think_v word_n shall_v be_v very_o clear_a and_o speak_v too_o by_o a_o person_n who_o have_v previous_a malice_n else_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o infer_v death_n for_o word_n be_v oft_o speak_v in_o jest_n as_o when_o one_o of_o our_o king_n desire_v those_o of_o caithness_n to_o go_v and_o sup_v their_o bishop_n in_o broth._n it_o be_v determine_v also_o by_o the_o doctor_n that_o if_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o mandat_fw-la refer_v the_o commit_n of_o the_o crime_n to_o a_o three_o person_n and_o he_o to_o a_o four_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v by_o the_o three_o or_o four_o that_o all_o of_o they_o be_v punishable_a with_o the_o same_o punishment_n bald._n in_o l._n 1._o §_o nec_fw-la autem_fw-la c._n the_o cadâ—â—_n tollend_v but_o seem_v hard_a see_v the_o person_n be_v not_o kill_v in_o that_o case_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o first_o committer_n and_o possible_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o first_o mandat_fw-la be_v give_v be_v consider_v to_o be_v such_o that_o he_o will_v not_o excuse_v the_o mandat_fw-la and_o many_o case_n may_v fall_v out_o whereby_o it_o may_v have_v be_v that_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o mandat_fw-la will_v not_o have_v give_v the_o mandat_fw-la to_o any_o other_o and_o therefore_o capoll_n gautela_n 39_o &_o menoch_n de_fw-fr arb_n caesu_fw-la 353._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v by_o any_o other_o than_o he_o to_o who_o the_o commission_n be_v grant_v that_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o mandat_fw-la be_v not_o liable_a in_o that_o case_n and_o general_o they_o conclude_v that_o if_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o mandat_fw-la do_v exceed_v his_o mandat_fw-la any_o manner_n of_o way_n that_o then_o if_o the_o crime_n which_o be_v order_v to_o be_v commit_v be_v a_o mean_a and_o small_a crime_n the_o giver_n of_o the_o mandat_fw-la be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v punish_v but_o if_o the_o crime_n be_v atrocious_a than_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o warrant_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v paena_fw-la extraordinaria_fw-la by_o a_o extraordinary_a punishment_n for_o he_o who_o give_v order_n to_o commit_v as_o atrocious_a crime_n incur_v a_o punishable_a guilt_n in_o the_o very_o give_v of_o the_o order_n menoch_n ibid._n num_fw-la 9_o they_o likewise_o determine_v from_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o command_v to_o kill_v a._n â—_o he_o be_v not_o kill_v but_o b._n be_v kill_v be_v punishable_a by_o a_o extraordinary_a punishment_n the_o like_a also_o hold_v if_o the_o command_n 〈◊〉_d mandat_fw-la do_v bear_v to_o commit_v the_o crime_n in_o one_o month_n and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v not_o commit_v in_o that_o month_n but_o many_o other_o menoch_n ibid._n num_fw-la 21._o though_o mandate_n in_o civil_a case_n be_v only_o probable_a scripto_fw-la vel_fw-la juramento_fw-la yet_o in_o crime_n they_o be_v probable_a by_o witness_n as_o all_o crime_n and_o art_n and_o part_n be_v v._o how_o far_o the_o mandat_fw-la warrant_v or_o command_v of_o our_o superior_n excuse_n be_v various_o debate_v by_o the_o doctor_n but_o their_o dictate_v may_v be_v resolve_v in_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o the_o command_n of_o the_o prince_n excuse_v altogether_o in_o lesser_a crime_n but_o in_o atrocious_a crime_n it_o excuse_v only_o from_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n metus_fw-la paenam_fw-la attenuat_fw-la none_o in_o totum_fw-la tollit_fw-la for_o the_o committer_n in_o this_o case_n do_v not_o commit_v the_o crime_n dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la &_o quicitra_fw-la dolum_fw-la deliquit_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la paena_fw-la non_fw-la punitur_fw-la &_o illi_fw-la qui_fw-la aliquid_fw-la adversus_fw-la svam_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la agit_fw-fr crimem_fw-la non_fw-la adscribitur_fw-la sed_fw-la cogenti_fw-la cap._n 1_o 2._o &_o cap._n 32._o quest_n 5._o the_o command_n of_o the_o magistrate_n act_v as_o a_o magistrate_n or_o a_o public_a person_n excuse_n or_o defend_v the_o committer_n from_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n in_o atrocious_a crime_n and_o from_o all_o punishment_n in_o lesser_a crime_n l._n quanquam_fw-la &_o l._n quod_fw-la principis_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr aqua_fw-la pluv_fw-la arcend_v a_o mandat_fw-la give_v by_o a_o master_n to_o his_o servant_n excuse_v he_o from_o the_o ordinary_a punishment_n when_o the_o crime_n be_v atrocious_a and_o the_o master_n be_v know_v to_o be_v cruel_a and_o thus_o i_o have_v see_v the_o servant_n of_o one_o who_o be_v hang_v for_o robbery_n banish_v only_o because_o they_o know_v not_o that_o their_o master_n
except_o the_o word_n infer_v so_o clear_o a_o injury_n that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o libel_v the_o design_n 3._o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o be_v injure_v do_v present_o resent_v the_o injury_n and_o take_v what_o be_v speak_v for_o a_o injury_n which_o the_o lawyer_n call_v revocatio_fw-la injuriae_fw-la ad_fw-la animum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o this_o dissatisfaction_n be_v signify_v either_o open_o and_o express_o or_o by_o some_o other_o act_n which_o testify_v discontent_a ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la quis_fw-la injuriam_fw-la debet_fw-la ad_fw-la animum_fw-la revocare_fw-la alius_fw-la ex_fw-la intervallo_fw-la nihil_fw-la facit_fw-la sed_fw-la injuria_fw-la remissa_fw-la censetur_fw-la §_o ult_n just_a de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v because_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o verbal_a injury_n consist_v in_o dissatisfy_v the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v and_o word_n be_v only_a injury_n if_o they_o be_v so_o take_v and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v take_v at_o first_o to_o be_v no_o injury_n they_o be_v then_o no_o injury_n and_o if_o they_o be_v not_o then_o a_o injury_n they_o can_v not_o afterward_o become_v such_o since_o than_o injury_n be_v estimat_fw-la according_a to_o the_o design_n of_o the_o offender_n it_o follow_v natural_o that_o man_n who_o be_v fool_n idiot_n very_o young_a or_o very_o drink_v be_v not_o punishable_a for_o verbal_a injury_n except_o the_o offender_n do_v become_v drink_v upon_o design_n to_o offend_v si_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la proposito_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la impetu_fw-la deliquit_fw-la and_o great_a passion_n which_o break_v off_o all_o design_v justa_fw-la &_o non_fw-la affectata_fw-la ira_fw-la excuse_n also_o in_o this_o case_n as_o also_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o object_v true_a crime_n be_v no_o injury_n if_o the_o objecter_n design_v principal_o not_o to_o offend_v the_o person_n guilty_a but_o to_o inform_v the_o commonwealth_n or_o to_o defend_v the_o speaker_n own_o honour_n and_o upon_o the_o first_o account_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o detect_n what_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o much_o concern_v in_o be_v a_o injury_n cravet_fw-la consil_n 145._o and_o upon_o the_o last_o account_n it_o be_v think_v that_o to_o give_v a_o man_n the_o lie_n be_v a_o injury_n but_o that_o it_o be_v no_o injury_n to_o say_v you_o speak_v not_o truth_n for_o in_o the_o one_o we_o defend_v our_o own_o honour_n but_o in_o the_o other_o we_o offend_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o speaker_n and_o custom_n have_v make_v the_o expression_n pass_v for_o a_o expression_n to_o be_v use_v when_o we_o design_v to_o offend_v the_o relate_v likewise_o what_o we_o hear_v from_o good_a author_n who_o design_v no_o prejudice_n be_v sufficient_a also_o to_o defend_v against_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o injurer_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o court_n of_o savoy_n cod._n fab_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr def_n 5._o yet_o sometime_o injury_n be_v infer_v not_o only_o from_o express_a word_n but_o even_o from_o the_o presumptive_a meaning_n of_o the_o speaker_n as_o to_o look_v in_o a_o man_n face_n and_o to_o say_v i_o be_o not_o a_o liar_n as_o other_o be_v afflict_v §_o injuria_fw-la do_fw-mi de_fw-fr parjur_fw-fr firm_a or_o to_o say_v flaunt_o you_o be_v a_o fine_a churchman_n jacob_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la visu_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 3._o num_fw-la 31._o iii_o real_a injury_n be_v commit_v by_o hinder_v a_o man_n to_o use_v what_o be_v his_o own_o by_o remove_v his_o seat_n out_o of_o its_o place_n in_o the_o church_n by_o give_v a_o man_n medicament_n which_o may_v affront_v he_o by_o arrest_v his_o stood_n unjust_o by_o wear_v in_o contempt_n what_o belong_v to_o another_o man_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o honour_n by_o raze_v shameful_o a_o man_n hair_n or_o beard_n by_o offer_v to_o strike_v he_o in_o public_a or_o by_o strike_v he_o or_o rive_v or_o abuse_v his_o clothes_n or_o his_o house_n and_o many_o other_o way_n relate_v by_o berlich_n conclus_fw-la 69._o vi_o according_a to_o our_o law_n verbal_a injury_n be_v punish_v only_o by_o the_o commissar_n who_o be_v judices_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la scandal_n be_v a_o church_n censure_n and_o the_o commissar_n do_v inflict_v pecuniary_a mulct_n and_o make_v the_o offender_n do_v penance_n at_o church_n door_n or_o otherways_o nor_o do_v ordinary_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n either_o advocate_n such_o action_n or_o modify_v their_o penalty_n the_o council_n do_v use_v to_o remit_v to_o the_o commissar_n such_o pursuit_n and_o refuse_v to_o try_v verbal_a injury_n do_v to_o private_a person_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o strauchan_n and_o straiton_n but_o if_o the_o verbal_a injury_n be_v do_v to_o a_o magistrate_n as_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v call_v he_o a_o knave_n or_o a_o fool_n than_o the_o council_n use_v to_o fine_a and_o to_o punish_v even_o verbal_a injury_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o george_n campbel_n and_o the_o bailiff_n of_o inverary_n 1666._o or_o to_o a_o privy_a counsellor_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o mr._n alexander_n spotswood_n and_o the_o justice_n clerk_n and_o though_o verbal_a injury_n be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n if_o they_o be_v not_o pursue_v within_o a_o year_n or_o by_o posterior_n friendship_n for_o the_o law_n be_v most_o desirous_a to_o pass_v by_o such_o imaginary_a crime_n yet_o in_o george_n campbels_n case_n a_o subsequent_a reconciliation_n be_v not_o sustain_v as_o a_o relevant_a exception_n because_o it_o be_v not_o very_o express_v they_o punish_v also_o scandalum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la the_o criminal_a court_n likewise_o punish_v verbal_a injury_n if_o against_o magistrate_n but_o will_v not_o sustain_v a_o pursuit_n against_o private_a person_n for_o though_o ii_o of_o november_n 1672._o aikman_n against_o carnagy_n nor_o will_v they_o sustain_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n for_o call_v a_o minister_n perjure_a with_fw-mi stock_n decis_fw-la 108._o where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o present_a custom_n of_o brabant_n not_o to_o sustain_v criminal_a action_n for_o word_n except_o they_o be_v speak_v against_o magistrate_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o employment_n vid._n l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr priv_n delict_n real_a injury_n may_v be_v pursue_v before_o the_o council_n or_o justice_n court_n and_o the_o punishment_n be_v arbitrary_a v._o infamous_a libel_n libelli_fw-la famosi_fw-la be_v the_o most_o permanent_a of_o all_o injury_n and_o therefore_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v and_o in_o it_o the_o offender_n show_v more_o design_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o guilty_a he_o who_o write_v dictate_v or_o affix_n infamous_a libel_n or_o cause_n write_v dictat_fw-la or_o affix_v they_o be_v punishable_a he_o who_o find_v a_o infamous_a libel_n and_o show_v it_o though_o to_o one_o only_a be_v punishable_a if_o malice_n or_o design_n can_v be_v prove_v else_o not_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinary_a nor_o more_o innocent_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n then_o to_o show_v such_o libel_n whether_o dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la &_o animus_n iniuriandi_fw-la a_o design_n to_o offend_v be_v presume_v in_o this_o delict_n or_o must_v be_v prove_v be_v much_o controvert_v bertaz_n consil_n 237._o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v presume_v farin_n quest_n 295._o affirm_v it_o be_v not_o presume_v but_o must_v be_v prove_v and_o i_o incline_v to_o this_o last_o opinion_n see_v infamous_a libel_n be_v not_o now_o so_o much_o resent_v as_o former_o custom_n have_v much_o allay_v the_o picque_n which_o use_v to_o ensue_v thereupon_o and_o that_o custom_n defend_v from_o all_o guilt_n in_o this_o case_n be_v most_o learned_o maintain_v by_o coler_n decis_fw-la 154._o where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o stationer_n be_v absolve_v though_o they_o sell_v infamous_a libel_n because_o all_o stationer_n use_n to_o sell_v such_o many_o thing_n do_v likewise_o in_o this_o case_n lessen_v the_o punishment_n as_o that_o the_o panel_n be_v a_o minor_a be_v provoke_v do_v tear_v it_o before_o it_o be_v full_o write_v or_o after_o it_o be_v affix_v or_o confess_v his_o fault_n and_o say_v he_o do_v it_o only_o out_o of_o passion_n or_o curiosity_n or_o if_o what_o be_v say_v be_v true_a berlich_n conclus_fw-la 67._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o delict_n be_v of_o old_a arbitrary_a paul_n lib._n 5._o scent_n do_fw-mi 14._o but_o be_v make_v capital_a by_o the_o edict_n valentiniani_n &_o valentis_fw-la l._n unic_fw-la c._n the_o famous_a libel_n but_o clar._n make_v it_o arbitrary_a by_o the_o present_a custom_n of_o europe_n and_o so_o it_o be_v with_o we_o at_o present_a in_o scotland_n except_o where_o the_o prince_n be_v abuse_v or_o where_o a_o capital_a crime_n be_v allege_v against_o any_o man_n for_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la infamous_a libel_n be_v just_o punishable_a by_o death_n and_o thus_o fleeming_n be_v hang_v for_o say_v that_o he_o wish_v that_o the_o king_n will_v shoot_v to_o
dead_a and_o die_v of_o the_o fall_a sickness_n 17._o may_v 1615._o but_o in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v malicious_o speak_v for_o the_o speaker_n utter_v they_o because_o he_o have_v lose_v a_o plea_n but_o sometime_o the_o speaker_n be_v only_o scourge_v and_o banish_v as_o tweedy_n be_v 13._o march_v 1612._o for_o abuse_v constable_n and_o bid_v the_o king_n the_o council_n and_o they_o kiss_v his_o arse_n and_o swear_v he_o care_v not_o a_o fart_n for_o they_o which_o word_n appear_v both_o by_o the_o speaker_n and_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o word_n to_o have_v rather_o flow_v from_o folly_n than_o design_n and_o spotswood_n in_o his_o history_n relat_n that_o the_o schoolmaster_n of_o edinburgh_n be_v hang_v for_o disperse_v libel_n against_o the_o regent_n wherein_o he_o charge_v he_o with_o be_v guilty_a of_o capital_a crime_n lease_v maker_n vi_o like_o to_o this_o crime_n if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o it_o be_v lease_v make_v whereby_o hatred_n and_o discord_n may_v be_v raise_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n which_o be_v punish_v with_o tinsel_n of_o life_n and_o good_n by_o the_o 43._o act_n parliament_n 2._o king_n james_n the_o 1._o likeas_n any_o misrepresentation_n or_o evil_a information_n as_o our_o law_n call_v it_o of_o the_o king_n to_o his_o people_n be_v punishable_a in_o the_o same_o way_n by_o the_o 83._o act_n parliament_n 6._o king_n james_n the_o 5._o and_o though_o the_o slander_v of_o his_o majesty_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o act_n yet_o we_o see_v that_o our_o predecessor_n do_v not_o think_v paritas_fw-la rationis_fw-la sufficient_a in_o punish_v crime_n upon_o which_o act_v a_o great_a person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o death_n for_o write_v a_o letter_n wherein_o the_o parliament_n be_v slander_v anno_fw-la 1662._o but_o this_o be_v thereafter_o rescind_v by_o his_o majesty_n likeas_n by_o the_o 20._o a._n of_o the_o 14._o p._n ki_n 6._o the_o hear_n and_o not_o reveal_v and_o not_o apprehend_v of_o such_o lease_v maker_n if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hearer_n power_n be_v equal_o punish_v with_o the_o lease_n make_a but_o because_o these_o act_n can_v not_o reach_v to_o slanderer_n of_o his_o majesty_n to_o his_o people_n in_o england_n or_o misrepresent_v they_o to_o the_o king_n or_o abuse_v any_o privy_a counsellor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n therefore_o the_o misrepresent_v they_o be_v declare_v punishable_a at_o his_o majesty_n pleasure_n by_o the_o 9_o act_n 20._o par._n k._n ja._n 6._o by_o the_o same_o last_o act_n disperse_v or_o make_v cockalands_n or_o other_o infamous_a libel_n against_o counselor_n of_o england_n be_v punish_v as_o lease_v make_v title_n xxxi_o poind_v of_o ox_n in_o time_n of_o labour_v 1._o how_o this_o crime_n be_v punish_v by_o our_o law_n 2._o how_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n 3._o the_o explication_n of_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n 4._o how_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o differ_v in_o this_o point_n by_o the_o 98._o act_n 6._o parl._n ja._n 4._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o no_o sheriff_n or_o officer_n shall_v poind_v or_o distreinzie_n the_o ox_n horse_n or_o other_o good_n pertain_v to_o the_o plough_n and_o that_o labour_v the_o ground_n the_o time_n of_o the_o labour_a of_o the_o same_o where_o any_o other_o good_n or_o land_n be_v to_o be_v apprize_v or_o poind_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n ii_o the_o common_a law_n to_o which_o this_o relate_v be_v l._n 8._o c._n quae_fw-la res_fw-la pig_n oblige_v possunt_fw-la pignorum_fw-la gratia_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la culturam_fw-la agri_fw-la pertinet_fw-la auferri_fw-la non_fw-la convenit_fw-la and_o by_o the_o subsequent_a authent_v ibid._n agricultores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la securi_fw-la sunt_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la nullus_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la tam_fw-la audax_fw-la ut_fw-la personas_fw-la boves_fw-la &_o agrorum_fw-la instrumenta_fw-la aut_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la agrorum_fw-la rusticorum_fw-la operam_fw-la pertineat_fw-la invadere_fw-la aut_fw-la capere_fw-la praesumat_fw-la &_o siquis_fw-la hoc_fw-la statutum_fw-la violare_fw-la praesumpserit_fw-la in_fw-la quadruplum_fw-la ablata_fw-la restituat_fw-la &_o infamiae_fw-la notam_fw-la ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la jucurrat_fw-la imperiali_fw-la animadversione_n nihilominus_fw-la puniendus_fw-la and_o maranta_n de_fw-fr ordine_fw-la jud_v part_n 6._o act_n 3._o num_fw-la 31._o relate_v that_o this_o law_n be_v confirm_v in_o sicily_n by_o a_o express_a statute_n and_o all_o these_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v found_v on_o deut._n 24._o vers_fw-la 6._o no_o man_n shall_v take_v the_o upper_a nor_o nether_a millstone_n to_o pledge_v for_o he_o take_v a_o man_n life_n to_o pledge_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o grotius_n observe_v out_o of_o philo._n which_o be_v call_v mola_fw-la &_o catillus_fw-la l._n cum_fw-la de_fw-la lanionis_fw-la §_o idem_fw-la consultus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr instructo_fw-la vel_fw-la instrumento_fw-la legato_fw-la iii_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n the_o poind_n of_o such_o good_n be_v forbid_v in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v but_o it_o be_v not_o declare_v to_o be_v a_o crime_n and_o the_o lord_n renton_n have_v in_o january_n 1666._o pursue_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o coldinghame_n for_o poind_v one_o of_o his_o plough_n ox_n when_o they_o be_v labour_v before_o the_o criminal_a court_n be_v be_v allege_v that_o no_o criminal_a pursuit_n can_v be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n see_v nothing_o can_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v a_o crime_n by_o a_o special_a statute_n and_o to_o which_o a_o special_a sanction_n be_v annex_v likeas_n by_o the_o constant_a custom_n many_o action_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v found_v upon_o this_o act_n but_o no_o criminal_a pursuit_n be_v ever_o thereupon_o intent_a to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o contempt_n of_o a_o law_n be_v in_o itself_o a_o crime_n see_v disobedience_n to_o authority_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o basis_n of_o all_o crime_n 2._o illegal_a intrometring_n with_o another_o man_n good_n be_v a_o crime_n especial_o ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la non_fw-la assistebat_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o restistebat_fw-la for_o theft_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o unwarrantable_a intromission_n and_o as_o the_o take_n of_o his_o majesty_n be_v free_a liedge_n be_v a_o crime_n where_o the_o same_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o law_n so_o the_o poind_n of_o these_o good_n shall_v infer_v a_o crime_n that_o be_v another_o species_n of_o unlawful_a execution_n 3._o this_o act_n discharge_v such_o execution_n conform_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o the_o common_a or_o civil_a law_n this_o be_v a_o crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o law_n above_o cite_v and_o whereas_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v it_o be_v reply_v that_o where_o the_o law_n annex_v no_o sanction_n the_o punishment_n be_v there_o arbitrary_a and_o there_o be_v many_o crime_n both_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o out_v to_o which_o no_o sanction_n be_v annex_v the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n and_o ordain_v the_o panel_n to_o go_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o interlocutor_fw-la be_v that_o the_o poind_v a_o ox_n in_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v be_v a_o injury_n and_o wrong_n punishable_a by_o the_o law_n paena_fw-la aplicanda_fw-la filco_fw-la and_o thereafter_o the_o three_o panel_n be_v find_v guilty_a though_o it_o be_v not_o express_o prove_v that_o the_o ox_n be_v labour_v actual_o the_o time_n of_o the_o poind_n but_o only_o that_o he_o use_v to_o labour_v and_o be_v in_o the_o plough_n the_o week_n before_o and_o the_o country_n be_v then_o labour_v all_o which_o be_v necessary_a qualification_n of_o this_o crime_n and_o so_o be_v necessary_a interrogator_n after_o pronounce_v of_o which_o doom_n the_o justice_n fine_v each_o of_o the_o three_o panel_n in_o forty_o pound_n scot_n and_o yet_o in_o june_n 1674._o a_o reply_n against_o lawful_o poind_v be_v propon_v in_o a_o pursuit_n for_o theft_n the_o case_n be_v by_o the_o justice_n refer_v to_o be_v first_o civil_o pursue_v it_o be_v here_o also_o allege_v that_o by_o the_o 34._o act._n 4._o parl._n i._n 5._o where_o crime_n may_v be_v criminal_o and_o civil_o pursue_v the_o civil_a pursuit_n ought_v first_o to_o be_v discuse_v which_o be_v repel_v because_o though_o a_o civil_a pursuit_n of_o spoilzie_n be_v intent_a there_o can_v no_o defence_n such_o as_o lawful_o poind_v authore_fw-la praetore_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v usual_a in_o other_o case_n be_v propon_v here_o see_v though_o the_o execution_n be_v formal_a and_o the_o decreet_a whereupon_o they_o proceed_v irreduceable_a yet_o to_o poind_v a_o labour_a ox_n in_o labour_a time_n be_v in_o all_o case_n unlawful_a &_o itacessat_fw-la hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la ratio_fw-la legis_fw-la 2._o the_o defender_n can_v not_o plead_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o
it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v conceive_v disjunctive_o likeas_n it_o seem_v that_o if_o the_o parliament_n have_v design_v to_o add_v the_o word_n common_a to_o receipt_n and_o stouthreif_n they_o will_v have_v add_v the_o same_o to_o prevent_v this_o objection_n and_o it_o seem_v indeed_o that_o stouthreif_n which_o be_v that_o species_n of_o theft_n that_o we_o call_v robery_n deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v as_o treason_n in_o land_a man_n though_o they_o do_v not_o common_o commit_v the_o same_o because_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o land_v man_n to_o commit_v robbery_n and_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o they_o will_v rob_v than_o steal_v this_o crime_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v in_o they_o as_o common_a theft_n and_o according_o the_o foresay_a alledgiance_n be_v propon_v for_o james_n wood_n the_o 21._o may_v 1601._o it_o be_v repel_v iii_o in_o this_o process_n likewise_o the_o say_a james_n have_v be_v pursue_v for_o rob_v the_o writ_n and_o evident_n belong_v to_o bonitown_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi oughts_z to_o condescend_v upon_o the_o land_n to_o which_o these_o evident_n belong_v because_o if_o that_o be_v condescend_v on_o the_o panel_n will_v prove_v that_o the_o say_v land_n and_o consequent_o the_o evident_n do_v belong_v to_o himself_o which_o alledgiance_n be_v likewise_o repel_v nor_o be_v it_o find_v necessary_a that_o a_o civil_a precognition_n shall_v proceed_v in_o this_o case_n and_o in_o june_n 1668._o it_o be_v find_v that_o a_o libel_n be_v relevant_a bear_v in_o general_n that_o jewel_n or_o pearl_n be_v steal_v without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a number_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o macgibbons_n decemb._n 8._o 1676._o that_o the_o libel_n be_v not_o relevant_a not_o condescend_v upon_o the_o person_n from_o who_o the_o good_n be_v rob_v nor_o what_o good_n be_v rob_v but_o only_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o panel_n do_v frequent_o rob_v the_o house_n of_o garntilly_n and_o strathurd_n tenant_n to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o where_o private_a party_n pursue_v ad_fw-la interest_n privatum_fw-la such_o a_o condescendance_n be_v nessary_a because_o the_o informer_n may_v know_v nor_o can_v the_o private_a damnage_n be_v repair_v except_o his_o loss_n be_v liquid_o prove_v yet_o when_o the_o pursuit_n be_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n and_o that_o a_o habitual_a and_o constant_a trade_n of_o rob_v and_o sorning_n be_v libel_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o libel_v in_o general_n and_o if_o the_o speciality_n be_v not_o prove_v the_o panel_n have_v no_o prejudice_n for_o they_o will_v not_o be_v find_v guilty_a nor_o will_v the_o probation_n be_v conclude_v but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o his_o majesty_n which_o of_o his_o subject_n be_v rob_v or_o what_o be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v his_o majesty_n interest_n that_o no_o constant_a and_o habitual_a robbery_n be_v commit_v in_o his_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o ordinary_a then_o to_o sustain_v libel_n against_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o open_a rebellion_n without_o condescend_v upon_o the_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v kill_v or_o rob_v in_o that_o rebellion_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o if_o the_o particular_a good_n allege_v to_o be_v rob_v be_v condescend_v on_o the_o libel_n may_v be_v elide_v by_o this_o suitable_a defence_n viz._n that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o the_o good_n or_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n it_o may_v have_v be_v answer_v that_o they_o be_v not_o preclude_v from_o such_o defence_n by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o libel_n for_o the_o panel_n may_v allege_v that_o the_o take_v away_o of_o such_o and_o such_o good_n can_v not_o infer_v robbery_n because_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o these_o good_n or_o be_v warrant_v to_o take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n the_o justice_n sustain_v this_o libel_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o generality_n aforesaid_a alexander_n steil_n be_v pursue_v in_o august_n 1669._o for_o steal_v and_o rob_v evident_n writ_n and_o clothes_n out_o of_o captain_n barclay_v house_n who_o be_v his_o master_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi behove_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o say_n evident_n be_v take_v away_o by_o force_n or_o break_v up_o of_o door_n and_o that_o the_o servant_n have_v of_o they_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o infer_v theft_n though_o he_o have_v deliver_v they_o to_o a_o three_o party_n and_o albeit_o this_o shall_v be_v prove_v yet_o the_o justice_n find_v this_o alledgeance_n relevant_a viz._n that_o this_o deposition_n allege_v to_o be_v steal_v be_v give_v to_o the_o panel_n that_o he_o may_v counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n and_o he_o have_v no_o freedom_n to_o comply_v therewith_o he_o do_v run_v away_o to_o the_o lord_n fyvie_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o same_o to_o he_o without_o any_o reward_n which_o alledgeance_n be_v find_v relevant_a as_o say_v be_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o libel_n and_o as_o to_o the_o wear_n clothes_n the_o libel_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a except_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o captain_n barclay_n and_o be_v under_o his_o lock_n at_o the_o time_n since_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o servant_n have_v wear_v these_o clothes_n public_o in_o his_o master_n service_n which_o purge_v the_o presumption_n of_o theft_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v what_o a_o poor_a servant_n can_v do_v if_o he_o have_v break_v up_o the_o door_n real_o at_o his_o master_n desire_n who_o have_v send_v he_o home_o to_o bring_v paper_n though_o he_o can_v not_o prove_v the_o command_n otherways_o then_o by_o his_o master_n oath_n for_o his_o master_n may_v always_o easy_o prove_v the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o door_n iv._o so_o odious_a be_v this_o crime_n and_o so_o frequent_a be_v it_o that_o by_o the_o 21._o act_n parl._n 1_o ja._n 6._o all_o such_o as_o recept_n fortify_v maintain_v or_o give_v meat_n harbour_n or_o assistance_n to_o any_o such_o robber_n be_v declare_v art_n and_o part_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o act_n strike_v only_o where_o there_o be_v letter_n of_o intercommune_v and_o that_o because_o the_o act_n itself_o bear_v to_o the_o effect_n it_o shall_v be_v know_v to_o what_o purpose_n they_o intercommune_v and_o because_o it_o be_v too_o severe_a to_o punish_v man_n as_o thief_n except_o they_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la so_o to_o do_v by_o public_a proclamation_n or_o letter_n of_o intercommuning_n v._o by_o the_o 227._o act_n parl._n 14._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v for_o the_o same_o hatred_n against_o robber_n lawful_a to_o all_o his_o majesty_n liege_n to_o concur_v and_o join_v against_o clann_n and_o border_n thief_n and_o to_o take_v and_o execute_v they_o all_o magistrate_n and_o freeholders_n be_v make_v justice_n for_o that_o effect_n by_o the_o say_v act._n but_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v now_o in_o desuetude_n and_o it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v but_o temporary_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o power_n of_o execute_v but_o robber_n may_v be_v lawful_o seize_v on_o without_o authority_n vi_o oppression_n be_v ordinary_o but_o a_o quality_n of_o other_o crime_n but_o yet_o there_o be_v sometime_o special_a dittaye_v found_v thereupon_o per_fw-la se_fw-la and_o there_o be_v some_o particular_a act_n declare_v several_a species_n of_o it_o to_o be_v punishable_a as_o reif_a or_o by_o other_o specific_a punishment_n mention_v in_o the_o said_n act_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o compel_v the_o king_n proper_a tenant_n to_o ride_v or_o do_v service_n of_o avarage_n carriage_n shear_v lead_v etc._n etc._n and_o shall_v be_v punish_v according_o act_n 21._o p._n 2._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o take_v caup_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o duty_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v give_v by_o private_a man_n to_o such_o as_o thief_n and_o other_o great_a man_n act_n 18._o and_o 19_o parl._n 2._o ja._n 4._o vid._n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n it_o be_v oppression_n for_o a_o crafts-man_n to_o take_v custom_n or_o any_o other_o taxation_n from_o another_o of_o that_o same_o craft_n or_o for_o they_o to_o make_v private_a act_n among_o themselves_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o people_n acts._n 42._o and_o 43._o parl._n 4._o james._n 4._o act._n 111._o parl._n 7._o i._o 5._o and_o act._n 4._o par._n 19_o ja._n 6._o it_o be_v oppression_n for_o customer_n to_o exact_v more_o than_o their_o due_n act._n 46._o p._n 4._o i._o 4._o it_o be_v oppression_n to_o molest_v magistrate_n of_o burgh_n and_o other_o merchand_n to_o use_v their_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n act._n 26._o parl._n 4._o ja._n 5._o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o