dalkeith_n he_o immediate_o distract_v which_o article_n be_v likewise_o find_v relevant_a be_v join_v with_o fame_n and_o dilation_n which_o decision_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n very_o dangerous_a for_o they_o want_v a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o be_v precedent_n whereby_o judge_n may_v become_v very_o arbitrary_a and_o against_o these_o i_o may_v oppone_v a_o three_o alledgiance_n use_v in_o the_o former_a process_n against_o agnes_n finnie_n wherein_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o conclusion_n of_o all_o criminal_a libel_n shall_v be_v necessary_o infer_v from_o the_o deed_n subsume_v and_o that_o conclusio_fw-la semper_fw-la sequitur_fw-la debiliorem_fw-la partem_fw-la nam_fw-la libellus_fw-la est_fw-la syllogismus_fw-la apodicticus_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la probabilis_fw-la and_o therefore_o except_o the_o libel_n can_v condescend_v upon_o some_o mean_v use_v by_o the_o panel_n from_o which_o the_o malefice_fw-la be_v necessary_o infer_v it_o can_v not_o be_v conclude_v that_o these_o malefice_n be_v do_v by_o she_o or_o that_o she_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o wrong_n do_v thus_o bodin_n lib._n 4._o do_v conclude_v that_o veneficae_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la condemnandae_fw-la licet_fw-la sint_fw-la deprehensae_fw-la cum_fw-la bufonibus_fw-la ossibus_fw-la aliisque_fw-la instrumentis_fw-la egredientes_fw-la exovili_fw-la licet_fw-la oves_fw-la immediate_a moriantur_fw-la and_o perkins_n cap._n 6._o assert_n that_o neither_o defamation_n nor_o threaten_n albeit_o what_o be_v threaten_v do_v follow_v nor_o mala_fw-la fama_fw-la nor_o the_o defunct_n lay_v the_o blame_n of_o their_o death_n upon_o the_o person_n accuse_v call_v inculpatio_fw-la by_o the_o doctor_n can_v infer_v this_o crime_n though_o all_o these_o be_v conjoin_v for_o in_o his_o opinion_n nothing_o can_v be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o condemn_v a_o witch_n except_o the_o panel_n own_o confession_n or_o the_o deposition_n of_o two_o famous_a witness_n depon_v upon_o mean_n use_v by_o the_o panel_n and_o it_o be_v remarkable_a that_o in_o the_o chapter_n immediate_o subsequent_a to_o that_o wherein_o witch_n be_v ordinary_o to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n god_n have_v express_o ordain_v that_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o two_o or_o three_o witness_n every_o word_n shall_v be_v establish_v and_o in_o the_o process_n deduce_v against_o isobel_n young_a for_o witchcraft_n feb._n 4._o 1629._o and_o against_o katherine_n oswald_n novemb_n 11._o 1629._o this_o point_n be_v likewise_o debate_v it_o be_v libel_v against_o the_o say_a katherine_n that_o by_o her_o witchcraft_n she_o cause_v a_o cow_n give_v blood_n instead_o of_o milk_n and_o cause_v a_o woman_n fall_v and_o break_v a_o rib_n in_o her_o side_n against_o which_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n there_o inter_fw-la terminum_fw-la à _fw-la quo_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la quem_fw-la inter_fw-la causam_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o cow_n give_v blood_n for_o milk_n 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relevant_a because_o she_o be_v there_o in_o re_fw-mi illicita_fw-la and_o since_o the_o law_n can_v know_v exact_o what_o efficacy_n there_o be_v in_o natural_a cause_n it_o may_v very_o well_o discharge_v any_o such_o superstitious_a forbid_a act_n as_o it_o please_v under_o the_o pain_n of_o witchcraft_n nor_o can_v these_o who_o be_v accuse_v complain_v of_o severity_n since_o sibi_fw-la imputent_fw-la that_o use_v these_o forbid_a thing_n against_o the_o express_a commandment_n of_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o law_n and_o practic_n have_v forbid_v all_o charm_n it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o these_o who_o use_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v severe_o punish_v whatever_o the_o pretext_n be_v upon_o which_o they_o be_v use_v or_o after_o whatever_o way_n or_o manner_n or_o to_o whatever_o end_n whether_o good_a or_o bad_a x._o albeit_o per_n leg_n 4._o cod._n de_fw-fr mal_fw-fr &_o math._n these_o magic_a art_n be_v only_o condemn_v which_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o mankind_n but_o not_o these_o whereby_o man_n be_v cure_v or_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n preserve_v yet_o i_o have_v ofttimes_o impute_v this_o constitution_n to_o tribonian_a who_o be_v a_o pagan_a and_o a_o severe_a enemy_n to_o christian_n or_o else_o that_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v so_o interpret_v or_o that_o thereby_o remedy_n assist_v by_o godly_a prayer_n be_v allow_v else_o what_o mean_v these_o word_n suffragia_fw-la innocenter_n adhibita_fw-la but_o since_o i_o be_o inform_v from_o the_o ecclesiastic_a historian_n as_o zozim_n lib._n 2._o that_o constantine_n be_v not_o yet_o turn_v christian_n when_o he_o pass_v that_o constitution_n but_o however_o this_o constitution_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o basilicks_n and_o the_o gloss_n say_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o repurgation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o that_o constitution_n be_v very_o well_o reprobat_fw-la by_o leo_n 65._o novel_a and_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n tit_n de_fw-fr sorti-legiis_a and_o the_o general_a sanction_n of_o the_o former_a act_n of_o parliament_n leave_v no_o place_n for_o this_o distinction_n suitable_a to_o all_o which_o john_n brough_n be_v convict_v for_o witchcraft_n in_o anno_fw-la 1643._o for_o cure_v beast_n by_o cast_v white_a stone_n in_o water_n and_o sprinkle_v they_o therewith_o and_o for_o cure_v woman_n by_o wash_v their_o foot_n with_o south-running_a water_n and_o put_v odd_a money_n in_o the_o water_n several_a other_o instance_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o process_n lead_v in_o anno_fw-la 1661._o and_o the_o instance_n of_o drummond_n be_v very_o remarkable_a who_o be_v burn_v for_o perform_v many_o miraculous_a cure_n albeit_o no_o malefice_fw-la be_v ever_o prove_v xi_o consult_v with_o witch_n be_v a_o relevant_a ditty_n with_o we_o as_o be_v find_v against_o alison_n jolly_a per._n octob._n 1596._o and_o this_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o act._n the_o profess_v likewise_o skill_n in_o necromancy_n or_o any_o such_o craft_n be_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n a_o relevant_a article_n for_o the_o full_a clear_n of_o which_o act_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o divination_n be_v either_o per_fw-la daemono-mantiam_a the_o invocation_n of_o pagan_a god_n or_o nanganiam_fw-la which_o be_v the_o prophesy_v for_o invocation_n of_o some_o sublunary_a thing_n mangania_n be_v divide_v in_o necromantiam_fw-la which_o be_v a_o prophesy_v by_o depart_a spirit_n udromantiam_fw-la which_o be_v a_o divination_n by_o water_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o species_n and_o kind_n of_o divination_n by_o any_o thing_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a prohibition_n of_o necromancy_n and_o such_o like_a act_n so_o that_o prediction_n and_o response_n by_o the_o sieve_n and_o the_o shears_n and_o by_o the_o book_n and_o all_o such_o cheat_n and_o species_n of_o sorcery_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o this_o act_n yet_o these_o forbid_a practice_n may_v sometime_o be_v excuse_v by_o ignorance_n or_o if_o it_o can_v be_v clear_v by_o circumstance_n that_o the_o user_n design_v nothing_o but_o a_o innocent_a jest_n or_o recreation_n delrio_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 1._o quaest_n 4._o xii_o the_o last_o article_n in_o criminal_a libel_n use_v ordinary_o to_o be_v the_o be_v delate_a by_o other_o witch_n which_o the_o doctor_n call_n diffamatio_fw-la and_o we_o common_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n which_o be_v never_o sustain_v as_o relevant_a per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o only_o join_v with_o other_o relevant_a article_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o foresay_a process_n of_o margaret_n hutchison_n though_o i_o think_v that_o interlocutor_fw-la very_o severe_a since_o if_o any_o of_o the_o former_a article_n be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la relevant_a they_o need_v not_o the_o assistance_n of_o fame_n and_o delation_n sometime_o likewise_o but_o with_o much_o more_o reason_n article_n that_o be_v of_o themselves_o irrelevant_a be_v sustain_v relevant_a be_v join_v with_o fame_n and_o delation_n a_o example_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v
punishable_a 9_o malefice_n where_o there_o be_v no_o conection_n betwixt_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n 10._o the_o use_v magic_a art_n for_o good_a end_n how_o punishable_a 11._o consult_v with_o witch_n how_o punish_v 12._o what_o the_o be_v defame_v by_o the_o witch_n import_v 13._o a_o witch_n confession_n not_o punishable_a except_o the_o thing_n confess_v be_v possible_a &_o de_fw-fr succubis_fw-la &_o incubis_fw-la 14._o whether_o the_o transportation_n confess_v be_v real_a and_o though_o real_a whether_o punishable_a 15._o whether_o a_o witch_n can_v cause_v any_o person_n be_v possess_v 16._o whether_o penetration_n be_v possible_a 17._o whether_o transformation_n be_v possible_a 18._o whether_o he_o can_v make_v bruit_n to_o speak_v or_o raise_v storm_n 19_o whether_o witch_n may_v transfer_v disease_n and_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o seek_v their_o help_n for_o this_o 20._o whether_o witch_n may_v kill_v by_o their_o look_n 21._o whether_o they_o can_v procure_v love_n by_o their_o potion_n 22._o how_o they_o torment_v man_n by_o their_o image_n 23._o whether_o confession_n before_o kirk_n session_n be_v relevant_a 24._o who_o can_v be_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n 25._o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o 26._o the_o punishment_n of_o it_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n that_o there_o be_v witch_n divine_n can_v doubt_v since_o the_o word_n of_o god_n have_v ordain_v that_o no_o witch_n shall_v live_v nor_o lawyer_n in_o scotland_n see_v our_o law_n ordain_v it_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o though_o many_o lawyer_n in_o holland_n and_o elsewhere_o do_v think_v that_o albeit_o there_o be_v witch_n under_o the_o law_n yet_o there_o be_v none_o under_o the_o gospel_n the_o devil_n power_n have_v cease_v as_o to_o these_o as_o well_o as_o in_o his_o give_a response_n by_o oracle_n i._o wierus_n that_o great_a patron_n of_o witchcraft_n endeavour_n to_o maintain_v his_o opinion_n by_o 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that_o which_o be_v conclude_v impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o 3._o it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v they_o for_o do_v ill_o by_o charm_n except_o it_o can_v be_v first_o prove_v that_o these_o charm_n produce_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v punishable_a and_o lawyer_n shall_v argue_v thus_o those_o who_o kill_v or_o hurt_v man_n or_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o witch_n and_o charmer_n kill_v man_n and_o beast_n by_o unlawful_a mean_n and_o therefore_o charmer_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n off_o which_o syllogism_n wierus_n deny_v the_o minor_a for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o verse_n cross_n or_o lay_v flesh_n in_o the_o threshold_n etc._n etc._n can_v destroy_v man_n or_o beast_n these_o be_v cause_n very_o disproportionable_a to_o such_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o these_o case_n 4._o these_o who_o execute_v the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v not_o punishable_a for_o that_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o so_o can_v be_v their_o crime_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o whatever_o the_o devil_n or_o witch_n do_v be_v decree_v by_o god_n either_o for_o trial_n or_o punishment_n express_o and_o without_o his_o permission_n nothing_o can_v be_v do_v and_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v not_o act_v here_o by_o obedience_n or_o be_v at_o liberty_n he_o will_v not_o leave_v any_o one_o man_n undestroy_v or_o any_o of_o god_n work_v undefaced_a but_o that_o there_o be_v witch_n and_o that_o they_o be_v punishable_a capital_o not_o only_a when_o they_o poison_v or_o murder_n but_o even_o for_o enchant_v and_o delude_v the_o world_n be_v clear_a by_o a_o express_a text_n exod._n 22._o vers._n 18._o thou_o shall_v not_o suffer_v a_o witch_n to_o live_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o same_o word_n which_o express_v a_o witch_n here_o be_v that_o which_o be_v use_v in_o exod._n 7._o to_o express_v those_o magician_n who_o delude_v only_o the_o people_n by_o transform_v a_o rod_n into_o a_o serpent_n as_o moses_n have_v do_v though_o no_o person_n be_v prejudge_v by_o their_o cheat_n and_o illusion_n likeas_n leu._n 29._o and_o 27._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o a_o man_n or_o a_o woman_n that_o have_v a_o familiar_a spirit_n or_o that_o be_v a_o wizard_n shall_v sure_o be_v put_v to_o death_n they_o shall_v stone_n they_o with_o stone_n their_o blood_n shall_v be_v upon_o they_o which_o law_n be_v in_o such_o observation_n among_o the_o jew_n that_o the_o witch_n of_o endor_n 1_o sam._n 28._o be_v afraid_a to_o use_v her_o sorcery_n before_o the_o king_n because_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v off_o those_o who_o have_v familiar_a spirit_n and_o wizard_n out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o great_a indignation_n do_v the_o eternal_a god_n bear_v to_o this_o sin_n that_o he_o do_v destroy_v the_o ten_o tribe_n of_o israel_n because_o they_o be_v addict_v to_o it_o not_o be_v the_o jew_n only_a enemy_n to_o this_o vice_n but_o even_o the_o henthen_n follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n punish_v witch_n as_o enemy_n to_o the_o author_n of_o it_o for_o the_o persian_n dash_v their_o head_n against_o stone_n as_o mince_v observe_v ad_fw-la §_o item_n lex_fw-la cornelia_n inst_n de_fw-fr pub_fw-la jud_v and_o tacitus_n lib._n 2._o annal._n tell_v we_o that_o publius_n marcius_n and_o pituanus_fw-la be_v execute_v for_o this_o crime_n for_o which_o likewise_o valerius_n maximus_n lib._n 6._o eap_n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o publicia_n and_o lucinia_n be_v with_o threescore_o and_o ten_o other_o roman_n hang_v but_o since_o it_o be_v express_o condemn_v in_o scripture_n and_o by_o many_o general_a council_n such_o as_o aurelian_a toledan_a and_o anaciritan_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o debate_v what_o the_o law_n have_v express_o condemn_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o we_o shall_v deny_v witch_n we_o must_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o all_o history_n ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a and_o plutarch_n lib._n 5._o sumps_n cap._n 7._o observe_n quodammodo_fw-la philosophiam_fw-la tollunt_fw-la qui_fw-la rebus_fw-la mirabilibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la non_fw-la habent_fw-la opportet_fw-la autem_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la aliquid_fw-la fiat_fw-la ratione_fw-la tractare_fw-la quod_fw-la vero_fw-la id_fw-la fiat_fw-la ex_fw-la ratione_fw-la est_fw-la sumendum_fw-la it_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o devil_n have_v the_o power_n and_o will_v to_o prejudge_v man_n can_v but_o be_v ready_a to_o execute_v all_o that_o be_v in_o witchcraft_n and_o it_o be_v as_o credible_a that_o god_n will_v suffer_v man_n to_o be_v convince_v by_o this_o mean_n that_o there_o be_v spirit_n and_o that_o by_o their_o mean_n he_o will_v give_v continue_v proof_n of_o his_o power_n in_o repress_v the_o devil_n and_o of_o the_o necessity_n that_o silly_a man_n have_v of_o depend_v upon_o his_o infinite_a power_n to_o the_o former_a argument_n it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o all_o sin_n and_o vice_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o delusion_n nor_o be_v witch_n more_o delude_v by_o melancholy_a than_o murderer_n be_v by_o rage_n or_o revenge_n and_o though_o it_o have_v never_o be_v see_v that_o person_n natural_o mad_a have_v be_v either_o guilty_a of_o or_o punish_v for_o this_o crime_n the_o devil_n design_v in_o this_o crime_n to_o gain_v only_o such_o as_o can_v damn_v themselves_o by_o give_v a_o free_a consent_n yet_o if_o madness_n can_v be_v prove_v or_o do_v appear_v it_o will_v certain_o defend_v both_o against_o the_o guilt_n and_o punishment_n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o series_n of_o clear_a circumstance_n shall_v concur_v before_o a_o person_n be_v find_v guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n as_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o secure_v the_o panel_n and_o satisfy_v the_o judge_n full_o in_o the_o quaerie_n but_o since_o daily_a experience_n convince_v the_o world_n that_o there_o
may_v be_v such_o a_o crime_n and_o that_o the_o law_n exact_v either_o confession_n or_o clear_a proof_n who_o can_v condemn_v the_o law_n as_o rigorous_a in_o this_o case_n since_o without_o believe_v these_o there_o can_v be_v no_o justice_n administrat_fw-la and_o whilst_o judge_n shun_v to_o punish_v it_o in_o some_o case_n they_o behove_v to_o suffer_v it_o from_o the_o same_o argument_n to_o go_v unpunished_a in_o all_o case_n to_o the_o second_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o neither_o the_o devil_n nor_o witch_n can_v work_v miracle_n yet_o the_o offering_n to_o cheat_v the_o world_n by_o a_o commerce_n with_o the_o devil_n and_o the_o very_o believe_v that_o the_o devil_n be_v able_a to_o do_v such_o thing_n for_o they_o shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a crime_n but_o much_o more_o when_o they_o believe_v all_o those_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v by_o themselves_o they_o give_v their_o own_o express_a consent_n to_o the_o crime_n and_o concur_v by_o all_o that_o in_o they_o be_v to_o the_o commission_n of_o it_o likeas_n it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o the_o devil_n know_v all_o the_o secret_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v apply_v active_n to_o passive_n that_o be_v unknown_a to_o we_o produce_v real_a effect_n which_o seem_v impossible_a to_o the_o three_o though_o charm_n be_v not_o able_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n that_o be_v punishable_a in_o witch_n yet_o since_o these_o effect_n can_v be_v produce_v without_o the_o devil_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o employ_v himself_o at_o the_o desire_n of_o any_o who_o have_v not_o resign_v themselves_o whole_o to_o he_o it_o be_v very_o just_a that_o the_o user_n of_o these_o shall_v be_v punish_v be_v guilty_a at_o least_o of_o apostasy_n and_o heresy_n the_o four_o argument_n be_v but_o a_o mere_a and_o silly_a sophism_n for_o though_o god_n in_o his_o providence_n permit_v at_o least_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v to_o be_v do_v yet_o such_o as_o contemn_v either_o the_o command_n of_o he_o or_o his_o vicegerent_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v i_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v some_o secret_n in_o nature_n which_o will_v have_v be_v look_v upon_o in_o the_o first_o author_n as_o the_o effect_n of_o magic_n and_o i_o believe_v that_o in_o the_o dull_a nation_n a_o philosopher_n draw_v iron_n with_o a_o loadstone_n may_v have_v run_v a_o great_a risque_fw-la of_o be_v burn_v and_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o give_v a_o judgement_n of_o naudeus_n learned_a book_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o persian_a magician_n the_o assyrian_a chaldean_n the_o indian_a gymnosophist_n and_o the_o druid_n of_o the_o gaul_n for_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o many_o true_a mathematician_n and_o physician_n have_v pass_v for_o magician_n in_o the_o dull_a age_n of_o the_o world_n but_o as_o to_o this_o there_o be_v now_o no_o fear_n since_o learning_n have_v sufficient_o illuminat_fw-la the_o world_n so_o as_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o these_o two_o but_o i_o be_o still_o jealous_a of_o those_o sage_n who_o be_v frequent_v by_o familiar_a spirit_n though_o they_o be_v otherwise_o very_o excellent_a man_n such_o as_o porphir_n jamblicus_n plotin_n and_o other_o who_o pretend_v by_o the_o purity_n of_o their_o life_n to_o be_v so_o spiritual_a as_o to_o deserve_v the_o friendship_n of_o spirit_n for_o beside_o that_o the_o primitive_a father_n and_o doctor_n of_o the_o church_n have_v testify_v against_o such_o as_o mere_a magician_n it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a how_o those_o spirit_n which_o frequent_v they_o can_v be_v good_a since_o they_o be_v tempt_v to_o fall_v from_o the_o true_a religion_n to_o paganism_n and_o do_v offer_v such_o sacrifice_n as_o the_o true_a god_n do_v never_o allow_v and_o if_o such_o imposture_n be_v allow_v it_o be_v easy_a for_o any_o to_o defend_v themselves_o be_v true_o witch_n ii_o albeit_o witchcraft_n be_v the_o great_a of_o crime_n since_o it_o include_v in_o it_o the_o gross_a of_o heresy_n and_o blasphemy_n and_o treason_n against_o god_n in_o prefer_v to_o the_o almighty_a his_o rebel_n and_o enemy_n and_o in_o think_v the_o devil_n worthy_a of_o be_v serve_v and_o reverence_v and_o be_v accompany_v with_o murder_n poison_v bestiality_n and_o other_o horrid_a crime_n yet_o i_o conclude_v only_o from_o this_o that_o when_o witch_n be_v find_v guilty_a they_o shall_v be_v most_o severe_o punish_v not_o with_o scourge_v and_o banishment_n as_o the_o custom_n of_o savoy_n be_v relate_v to_o be_v by_o gothofred_n hoc_fw-la tit_n but_o by_o the_o most_o ignominious_a of_o death_n yet_o from_o the_o horridness_n of_o this_o crime_n i_o do_v conclude_v that_o of_o all_o crime_n it_o require_v the_o clear_a relevancy_n and_o most_o convince_a probation_n and_o i_o condemn_v next_o to_o the_o witch_n themselves_o those_o cruel_a and_o too_o forward_a judge_n who_o burn_v person_n by_o thousand_o as_o guilty_a of_o this_o crime_n to_o who_o i_o shall_v recommend_v these_o consideration_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v not_o presumeable_a that_o any_o who_o hear_v of_o the_o kindness_n of_o god_n to_o man_n and_o of_o the_o devil_n malice_n against_o they_o of_o the_o reward_n of_o heaven_n and_o torment_n of_o hell_n will_v deliberate_o enter_v into_o the_o service_n of_o that_o wicked_a spirit_n who_o they_o know_v to_o have_v no_o riches_n to_o bestow_v nor_o power_n to_o help_v except_o it_o be_v allow_v by_o permission_n that_o he_o may_v tempt_v man_n and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o liar_n from_o the_o beginning_n his_o promise_n deserve_v no_o belief_n especial_o since_o in_o no_o man_n experience_n he_o have_v ever_o advantage_v any_o person_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a his_o service_n have_v bring_v all_o who_o enter_v in_o it_o to_o the_o stake_n ii_o those_o poor_a person_n who_o be_v ordinary_o accuse_v of_o this_o crime_n be_v poor_a ignorant_a creature_n and_o ofttimes_o woman_n who_o understand_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o they_o be_v accuse_v of_o and_o many_o mistake_v their_o own_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n for_o witchcraft_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o two_o instance_n one_o of_o a_o poor_a weaver_n who_o after_o he_o have_v confess_v witchcraft_n be_v ask_v how_o he_o see_v the_o devil_n he_o answer_v like_o fly_n dance_v about_o the_o candle_n another_o of_o a_o womâ—n_n who_o ask_v serious_o when_o she_o be_v accuse_v if_o a_o woman_n may_v be_v a_o witch_n and_o not_o know_v it_o and_o it_o be_v dangerous_a that_o these_o who_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o simple_a shall_v be_v try_v for_o a_o crime_n which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v most_o mysterious_a iii_o these_o poor_a creature_n when_o they_o be_v defame_v become_v so_o confound_v with_o fear_n and_o the_o close_a prison_n in_o which_o they_o be_v keep_v and_o so_o starve_v for_o want_n of_o meat_n and_o sleep_n either_o of_o which_o want_n be_v enough_o to_o disorder_v the_o strong_a reason_n that_o hardly_o wise_a and_o more_o serious_a people_n than_o they_o will_v escape_v distraction_n and_o when_o man_n be_v confound_v with_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n they_o will_v imagine_v thing_n very_o ridiculous_a and_o absurd_a and_o as_o no_o man_n will_v escape_v a_o profound_a melancholy_n upon_o such_o a_o occasion_n and_o amid_o such_o usage_n therefore_o i_o remit_v to_o physician_n and_o other_o to_o consider_v what_o may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o melancholy_a which_o have_v oft_o make_v man_n who_o appear_v otherways_o solid_a enough_o imagine_v they_o be_v horse_n or_o have_v lose_v their_o nose_n etc._n etc._n and_o since_o it_o may_v make_v man_n err_v in_o thing_n which_o be_v oblivious_a to_o their_o sense_n what_o may_v be_v expect_v as_o to_o thing_n which_o transcend_v the_o wise_a man_n reason_n iu._n most_o of_o these_o poor_a creature_n be_v torture_v by_o their_o keeper_n who_o be_v persuade_v they_o do_v god_n good_a service_n think_v it_o their_o duty_n to_o vex_v and_o torment_v poor_a prisoner_n and_o i_o know_v ex_fw-la certissima_fw-la scientia_fw-la that_o most_o of_o all_o that_o ever_o be_v take_v be_v torment_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o this_o usage_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o their_o confession_n and_o albeit_o the_o poor_a miscreant_n can_v prove_v this_o usage_n the_o actor_n be_v the_o only_a witness_n yet_o the_o judge_n shall_v be_v afraid_a of_o it_o as_o that_o which_o at_o first_o do_v elicit_v the_o confession_n and_o for_o fear_n of_o which_o they_o dare_v not_o retract_v it_o v._o i_o go_v when_o i_o be_v a_o justice-depute_a to_o examine_v some_o woman_n who_o have_v confess_v judicial_o and_o one_o of_o they_o who_o be_v a_o silly_a creature_n tell_v i_o under_o secrecy_n that_o she_o have_v not_o confess_v because_o she_o be_v guilty_a but_o be_v a_o poor_a creature_n who_o wrought_v for_o her_o meat_n and_o be_v defame_v for_o a_o witch_n
image_n of_o clay_n or_o wax_n and_o when_o the_o witch_n prick_v or_o punse_v these_o image_n the_o person_n who_o these_o image_n represent_v do_v find_v extreme_a torment_n which_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o influence_n these_o image_n have_v upon_o the_o body_n torment_v but_o the_o devil_n do_v by_o natural_a mean_n raise_v these_o torment_n in_o the_o person_n torment_v at_o the_o same_o very_a time_n that_o the_o witch_n do_v prick_v or_o punse_v or_o hold_v to_o the_o fire_n these_o image_n of_o clay_n or_o wax_n which_o manner_n of_o torment_n be_v late_o confess_v by_o some_o witch_n in_o inverness_n who_o likewise_o produce_v the_o image_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v they_o hate_v the_o person_n who_o be_v torment_v and_o upon_o a_o confession_n so_o adminiculat_fw-la witch_n may_v very_o judicious_o be_v be_v find_v guilty_a since_o constat_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la delicti_fw-la de_fw-la modo_fw-la de_fw-fr linquendi_fw-la &_o inimicitiis_fw-la praeviis_fw-la xxiii_o it_o be_v ordinary_o doubt_v whether_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o kirk_n session_n in_o this_o case_n be_v sufficient_a but_o this_o i_o have_v treat_v more_o full_o in_o the_o title_n of_o probation_n by_o confession_n only_o here_o i_o shall_v observe_v that_o christian_a stewart_n be_v find_v art_n and_o part_n of_o the_o bewitch_a patrick_n ruthven_n by_o lay_v on_o he_o a_o heavy_a sickness_n with_o a_o black_a clout_n which_o she_o herself_o have_v confess_v before_o several_a minister_n nottar_n and_o other_o at_o diverse_a time_n all_o which_o confession_n be_v prove_v and_o upon_o these_o repeat_v confession_n she_o be_v burn_v novemb_n 1596._o margaret_n lawder_n be_v convict_v upon_o confession_n emit_v before_o the_o magistrate_n and_o minister_n of_o edinburgh_n albeit_o pass_v from_o in_o judgement_n decemb._n 9_o 1643._o see_v that_o book_n of_o adjournal_n pag._n 349._o and_o if_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o full_o adminiculat_fw-la lawyer_n advise_v that_o confessor_n shall_v be_v subject_v to_o the_o torture_n which_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o scotland_n and_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o the_o justice_n will_v not_o put_v james_n welch_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o inquest_n though_o he_o have_v confess_v himself_o a_o witch_n before_o the_o presbytery_n of_o kirkcudbright_n because_o he_o be_v minor_a when_o he_o confess_v the_o crime_n and_o the_o confession_n be_v only_o extrajudicial_a and_o that_o he_o now_o retract_v the_o same_o but_o because_o he_o have_v so_o gross_o prevaricat_a and_o have_v delate_a so_o many_o honest_a person_n they_o ordain_v he_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o put_v in_o the_o correction_n house_n april_n 17._o 1662._o it_o be_v prove_v against_o margaret_n wallace_n march_v 20._o 1622._o that_o she_o say_v that_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o she_o be_v in_o greg_n house_n she_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o all_o the_o ditty_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o she_o be_v in_o greg_n house_n that_o probation_n be_v allege_v by_o the_o advocate_n to_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o confession_n as_o be_v find_v against_o patrick_n cheyn_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o this_o can_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o a_o lie_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o can_v not_o have_v even_o the_o strength_n of_o a_o extrajudicial_a confession_n but_o rather_o import_v a_o denial_n of_o the_o crime_n xxiv_o the_o probation_n by_o witness_n in_o this_o crime_n be_v very_o difficult_a and_o therefore_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la or_o other_o confess_v witch_n be_v adduce_v but_o though_o many_o of_o they_o concur_v their_o deposition_n sole_o be_v not_o esteem_v as_o sufficient_a ne_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la poenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la imponendam_fw-la though_o some_o think_v the_o same_o sufficient_a to_o that_o end_n because_o of_o that_o general_a brocard_n ex_fw-la multiplicatis_fw-la indiciis_fw-la debilibus_fw-la resultare_fw-la indicia_fw-la indubitata_fw-la but_o delrio_n assert_n that_o the_o conjection_n of_o such_o testimony_n be_v not_o sufficient_a nanquam_fw-la enim_fw-la say_v he_o quae_fw-la sua_fw-la natura_fw-la dubia_fw-la sunt_fw-la possunt_fw-la facere_fw-la rem_fw-la indubitatam_fw-la ut_fw-la nec_fw-la multa_fw-la aegraunumsanum_fw-la nec_fw-la multa_fw-la non_fw-la alba_fw-la unus_fw-la album_fw-la nec_fw-la multa_fw-la tepida_fw-la anum_fw-la callidum_fw-la and_o that_o the_o testimony_n of_o one_o confess_v witch_n be_v find_v not_o sufficient_a to_o file_v the_o panel_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o process_n of_o alison_n jolly_a who_o be_v assoilzy_v pen._n octob._n 1596._o albeit_o janet_n hepburn_n another_o witch_n confess_v that_o the_o say_v alison_n have_v cause_v she_o bewitch_v isobel_n hepburn_n whereof_o she_o die_v but_o though_o witchcraft_n can_v be_v prove_v per_fw-la socios_fw-la criminis_fw-la though_o die_v and_o penitent_a witch_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o the_o consult_v witch_n may_v not_o be_v prove_v by_o two_o witch_n who_o be_v consult_v for_o if_o this_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o prove_v consult_v any_o other_o manner_n of_o way_n the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v by_o the_o witch_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n thus_o katherine_n wardlaw_n be_v admit_v against_o margaret_n hutchison_n but_o sometime_o they_o be_v only_o admit_v cum_fw-la nota_fw-la if_o the_o probation_n be_v not_o otherwise_o weak_a and_o thus_o william_n young_a and_o agnes_n hutchison_n be_v only_o admit_v cum_fw-la nota_fw-la against_o beatrix_n leslie_n august_n 1661._o and_o in_o that_o process_n likewise_o they_o receive_v only_a agnes_n ross_n cum_fw-la nota_fw-la because_o she_o be_v the_o mistress_n of_o the_o two_o woman_n who_o be_v maleficiat_fw-la neilson_n be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n against_o margaret_n wallace_n though_o he_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n to_o john_n nicol_n who_o have_v give_v information_n for_o raise_v the_o ditty_n because_o the_o ditty_n be_v not_o at_o nicols_n instance_n and_o yet_o starling_n be_v set_v from_o be_v a_o assizer_n because_o moor_n who_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o person_n maleficiat_fw-la be_v his_o brother_n in_o law_n march_n 2._o 1622._o dickson_n be_v there_o likewise_o admit_v to_o be_v a_o assizer_n though_o he_o assist_v the_o bailie_n in_o take_v she_o which_o be_v find_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a citizen_n and_o though_o he_o have_v deadly_a fead_z against_o her_o husband_n since_o it_o be_v not_o prove_v he_o have_v any_o against_o herself_o woman_n be_v receive_v witness_n in_o this_o crime_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o process_n against_o margaret_n wallace_n and_o all_o the_o process_n in_o august_n 1661._o the_o not_o shed_v of_o tear_n have_v be_v use_v as_o a_o mark_n and_o presumption_n of_o witchcraft_n sprenger_n mal_fw-fr malef_fw-fr p._n 3._o q._n 15._o because_o it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o impenitence_n and_o because_o several_a witch_n have_v confess_v they_o can_v not_o weep_v but_o the_o be_v accuse_v of_o so_o horrid_a a_o crime_n may_v occasion_v a_o deep_a melancholy_n and_o melancholy_a be_v cold_a and_o dry_a hinder_v the_o shed_v of_o tear_n and_o great_a grief_n do_v rather_o astonish_v than_o make_v one_o weep_v xxv_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n be_v with_o we_o death_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v execute_v as_o well_o against_o the_o user_n as_o the_o seeker_n of_o any_o response_n or_o consultation_n &_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la the_o doom_n bear_v to_o be_v worry_v at_o the_o stake_n and_o burn_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n consulter_n be_v punish_v by_o death_n l._n 5._o c._n the_o mafef_n &_o mathem_n nemo_fw-la aruspicem_fw-la consulat_fw-la aut_fw-la mathematicum_fw-la nemo_fw-la ariolum_fw-la angurum_fw-la et_fw-la vatum_fw-la prava_fw-la confessio_fw-la nonticescat_fw-la sileat_fw-la omnibus_fw-la rer_fw-la petuo_fw-la divinandi_fw-la curiositas_fw-la in_o which_o law_n fortune_n teller_n be_v also_o punishable_a though_o with_o we_o dumb_a person_n who_o pretend_v to_o foretell_v future_a event_n be_v never_o punish_v capital_o but_o yet_o i_o have_v see_v they_o torture_v by_o order_n from_o the_o council_n upon_o a_o representation_n that_o they_o be_v not_o true_o dumb_a but_o feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v so_o abuse_v and_o cheat_v the_o people_n the_o foresaid_a law_n be_v renew_v in_o the_o basilick_v l._n 31_o h._n t._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o farin_n and_o other_o think_v that_o where_o no_o person_n be_v injure_v death_n shall_v not_o be_v inflict_v and_o thaâ—_n imprisonment_n and_o banishment_n be_v now_o practise_v by_o all_o nation_n in_o that_o case_n lib._n 1._o tom._n 3._o quest_n 20._o num._n 89._o &_o clarus_n §_o heresis_fw-la num_fw-la ult_n but_o perezeus_fw-la think_v this_o too_o favourable_a a_o punishment_n except_o the_o user_n of_o these_o curious_a art_n be_v induce_v thereto_o out_o of_o mere_a simplicity_n &_o sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la malo_fw-la but_o with_o we_o no_o such_o distinction_n can_v
proportionable_a to_o the_o violence_n offer_v by_o the_o aggressor_n and_o so_o exceed_v not_o moderamen_fw-la inculpatae_fw-la tutelae_fw-la for_o the_o say_a panel_n strike_v not_o he_o with_o any_o mortal_a weapon_n but_o only_o give_v he_o a_o thrust_n with_o his_o hand_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o throw_v the_o defunct_a off_o he_o upon_o which_o debate_n the_o justice_n sustain_v the_o libel_n only_o to_o infer_v paenam_fw-la extraordinariam_fw-la and_o remit_v also_o the_o panel_n defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n self-defence_n and_o that_o the_o wound_n be_v not_o mortal_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o inquest_n xi_o it_o be_v here_o controvert_v whether_o he_o who_o intend_v to_o kill_v one_o by_o a_o mistake_n kill_v not_o he_o but_o another_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o murderer_n see_v as_o to_o the_o person_n kill_v the_o murderer_n have_v no_o design_n yet_o i_o think_v he_o shall_v die_v see_v the_o design_n of_o kill_v a_o man_n and_o not_o any_o one_o particular_a man_n be_v murder_n and_o the_o killer_n intend_v to_o deface_v god_n almighty_n image_n and_o to_o take_v from_o the_o king_n a_o subject_a and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v murder_n by_o bolton_n cap._n 11._o num_fw-la 24._o by_o who_o likewise_o it_o be_v give_v as_o a_o rule_n nihil_fw-la interest_n utrum_fw-la quis_fw-la occidat_fw-la a_o acausam_fw-la mortis_fw-la prabeat_fw-la and_o thus_o a_o son_n for_o have_v carry_v his_o father_n be_v sick_a in_o a_o frosty_a night_n from_o one_o town_n to_o another_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n because_o the_o father_n die_v and_o a_o harlot_n have_v expose_v her_o child_n in_o a_o orchard_n where_o a_o kite_n kill_v it_o be_v execute_v as_o a_o murderer_n also_o &_o ibi_fw-la volunt_fw-la as_o reputatur_fw-la pro_fw-la facto_fw-la and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o murder_n this_o crime_n may_v be_v palliate_v under_o other_o shape_n this_o defence_n viz._n that_o the_o killer_n have_v no_o design_n to_o murder_n be_v a_o negative_a and_o so_o can_v only_o be_v prove_v by_o presumption_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o deadly_a fead_z former_o among_o the_o party_n 2._o if_o the_o party_n be_v kinsman_n or_o intimat_n 3._o if_o the_o killer_n strike_v with_o a_o staff_n have_v a_o sword_n or_o pistol_n or_o have_v these_o strike_v only_o with_o the_o hilt_n of_o his_o sword_n or_o with_o the_o head_n of_o his_o pistol_n and_o general_o it_o be_v rather_o presume_v to_o be_v homicidium_fw-la culposom_n then_o dolosum_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la nam_fw-la nunquam_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la dolus_fw-la by_o our_o law_n slaughter_n and_o murder_n do_v of_o old_a differ_v as_o homicidium_fw-la simplex_fw-la &_o premeditatum_fw-la in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o murder_v only_o commit_v as_o we_o call_v it_o upon_o forethought_a felony_n be_v only_o proper_o call_v murder_n and_o punish_v as_o such_o k._n ja._n par._n 3._o cap._n 1._o where_o it_o be_v statute_n that_o murder_n be_v to_o be_v capital_o punish_v but_o chaudmella_n or_o slaughter_v commit_v upon_o sudden_o shall_v only_o be_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n vid._n act_n 95.96_o par._n 6._o ja._n 1._o &_o 22._o par._n 4_o i._n 5_o &_o 35._o par._n 5._o ja._n 3._o &_o act_n 31._o par._n 6._o q_o m._n the_o old_a law_n to_o which_o these_o act_n relate_v be_v statute_n william_n c._n 5._o stat._n allexander_n c._n 6._o stat._n rob._n 2._o c._n 9_o in_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o murderer_n who_o be_v guilty_a of_o forethought_a felony_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o privilege_n and_o advantage_n of_o refuge_n in_o the_o girth_n but_o that_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o chaudmella_n or_o casual_a slaughter_n shall_v be_v shelter_v in_o the_o girth_n yet_o i_o find_v that_o none_o of_o these_o be_v in_o any_o other_o old_a statute_n to_o determine_v punishment_n of_o casual_a slaughter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o murder_n be_v clear_a by_o the_o opposition_n and_o in_o all_o our_o law_n betwixt_o single_a slaughter_n and_o fore-thought-fellony_n all_o casual_a slaughter_n be_v of_o old_a comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n chaudmella_n which_o be_v a_o french_a word_n chaud_fw-fr signify_v hot_a and_o mesler_n signify_v to_o mix_v but_o in_o effect_n this_o melletum_fw-la answer_n proper_o to_o rixa_fw-la &_o homicidium_fw-la in_fw-la rixa_fw-la commissum_fw-la which_o be_v but_o one_o species_n homicidii_fw-la non_fw-la dolosi_fw-la xii_o by_o the_o late_a 22._o act_n parl._n 1_o ch._n 2._o sess._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_n that_o casual_a homicide_n homicide_n commit_v in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o thief_n shall_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o death_n and_o see_v this_o act_n mention_n not_o homicide_n commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o homicidum_fw-la culposum_fw-la and_o see_v homicidium_fw-la culposum_fw-la differ_v from_o casual_a homicide_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o under_o the_o one_o the_o other_o may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o casual_a homicide_n be_v in_o this_o act_n a_o general_a term_n comprehend_v all_o homicide_n which_o be_v not_o commit_v by_o forethought_a felony_n because_o what_o be_v not_o design_v be_v casual_a and_o what_o be_v not_o forethought_a be_v casual_a and_o the_o doctor_n do_v use_v the_o word_n casual_a oftentimes_o in_o this_o general_a sense_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o gothofred_n prax_fw-la crim_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o by_o the_o rubric_n of_o this_o act_n which_o bear_v a_o act_n concern_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o casual_a homicide_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n casual_a be_v take_v there_o in_o a_o lax_n signification_n albeit_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o inscription_n be_v most_o improper_a see_v homicide_n in_o self-defence_n and_o homicide_n commit_v upon_o robber_n be_v not_o species_n of_o casual_a homicide_n but_o whether_o homicide_n in_o rixa_fw-la be_v comprehend_v under_o that_o act_n be_v controvert_v in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n and_o by_o that_o decision_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o in_o in_o our_o law_n though_o murder_n be_v not_o at_o first_o design_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v design_v the_o time_n the_o stroke_n be_v give_v the_o killer_n be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n that_o premeditation_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v murder_n capital_a be_v only_o such_o as_o antecedit_fw-la actum_fw-la licet_fw-la non_fw-la congressum_fw-la the_o civilian_n in_o the_o case_n of_o homicidium_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la commissum_fw-la state_n three_o question_n the_o first_o be_v where_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v upon_o forethought_a felony_n and_o then_o indefinite_o all_o the_o assister_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n the_o second_o be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o certain_a but_o it_o be_v only_o suspect_v and_o presumeable_a that_o it_o be_v deliberate_o commit_v and_o then_o all_o may_v be_v torture_v but_o if_o they_o deny_v the_o design_n they_o be_v all_o only_a punishable_a by_o a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n the_o three_o be_v when_o the_o murder_n be_v certain_o commit_v in_o rixa_fw-la or_o tuilzie_a and_o then_o either_o the_o author_n of_o the_o pley_n be_v certain_o know_v and_o he_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n in_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n albeit_o many_o lawyer_n be_v positive_a that_o no_o country_n use_v this_o rigour_n i_o remember_v that_o in_o william_n dowglas_n case_n this_o be_v urge_v for_o there_o several_a gentleman_n have_v make_v a_o quarrel_n which_o be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n they_o go_v to_o the_o field_n of_o lie_v and_o hoom_n of_o eccles_n be_v kill_v but_o it_o be_v not_o prove_v who_o be_v the_o killer_n and_o the_o quarrel_n be_v only_o prove_v by_o one_o witness_n who_o likewise_o prove_v that_o spot_n have_v the_o quarrel_n with_o eccles_n and_o that_o william_n dowglas_n have_v none_o and_o yet_o the_o assize_n find_v william_n guilty_a and_o he_o thereupon_o die_v because_o present_v xiii_o homicide_n likewise_o commit_v upon_o thief_n and_o robber_n break_v house_n in_o the_o night_n or_o commit_v in_o time_n of_o masterful_a depradation_n be_v free_a from_o punishment_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 22._o and_o albeit_o it_o be_v declare_v lawful_a to_o the_o justice_n to_o fine_a such_o as_o be_v assoilzy_v from_o murder_n upon_o the_o defence_n of_o casual_a homicide_n and_o homicide_n in_o defence_n yet_o such_o as_o kill_v robber_n or_o night_n thief_n be_v free_a from_o all_o arbitrary_a punishment_n by_o this_o act_n likewise_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o as_o assist_v or_o defend_v the_o depredator_n or_o oppose_v their_o pursuit_n by_o force_n and_o by_o the_o 6._o act_n of_o the_o second_o session_n of_o that_o parliament_n it_o be_v statute_v that_o the_o party_n who_o good_n be_v rob_v shall_v acquaint_v the_o sheriff_n or_o justice_n of_o peace_n of_o the_o paroch_n who_o shall_v require_v all_o party_n to_o concur_v and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o
sodomy_n in_o which_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n sodomy_n require_v habuisse_fw-la rem_fw-la veneream_n &_o pverum_fw-la carnaliter_fw-la cognovisse_fw-la cook_n p._n 59_o albeit_o the_o manner_n of_o death_n be_v not_o express_v in_o this_o act_n yet_o practic_a have_v determine_v the_o same_o to_o be_v hang_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o barnoch_n who_o be_v hang_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o his_o own_o sister_n decemb._n 8._o 1641._o and_o of_o joan_n knox_n who_o be_v hang_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o her_o husband_n brother_n may_v 1646._o sometime_o it_o be_v likewise_o punish_v with_o head_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o james_n strang_n who_o be_v behead_v for_o commit_v incest_n with_o his_o brother_n daughter_n the_o 4._o of_o april_n 1649._o iii_o sodomy_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lie_v with_o a_o man_n for_o which_o both_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n l._n cum_fw-la vir_fw-la nubit_fw-la c._n the_o adult_n they_o be_v burn_v in_o france_n and_o savoy_n as_o gothofred_n observe_v by_o the_o 25._o act_n henry_n the_o 8._o sodomy_n be_v declare_v felony_n and_o the_o punishment_n of_o felony_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v in_o all_o case_n to_o be_v hang_v by_o the_o neck_n till_o death_n though_o carpzovius_fw-la and_o the_o other_o doctor_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o confession_n alone_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n in_o this_o crime_n except_o other_o presumption_n concur_v for_o clear_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v true_o commit_v yet_o with_o we_o the_o confession_n itself_o without_o any_o other_o adminicle_n be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v the_o punishment_n of_o death_n except_o the_o confessor_n be_v know_v or_o at_o least_o suspect_v to_o be_v distemper_v mastrupatio_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la quis_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la aliove_n instrumento_fw-la se_fw-la polluit_fw-la &_o punitur_fw-la ut_fw-la sodomia_fw-la carp_n part._n 2._o quest_n 76._o haec_fw-la paena_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la iv._o bestiality_n be_v when_o a_o man_n lie_v with_o a_o beast_n which_o the_o roman_n also_o punish_v with_o death_n and_o in_o which_o some_o lawyer_n affirm_v the_o endeavour_n be_v as_o high_o punishable_a as_o the_o crime_n itself_o effectus_fw-la sine_fw-la affectu_fw-la papon_n lib._n 22._o tit_n 7._o art_n 1._o damhaud_fw-fr cap._n 96._o n._n 16._o which_o opinion_n they_o find_v upon_o the_o attrocity_n of_o the_o crime_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o he_o deserve_v not_o to_o live_v who_o can_v harbour_v such_o horrid_a thought_n but_o especial_o if_o he_o do_v all_o that_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o put_v his_o design_n in_o practice_n and_o be_v only_o let_v by_o some_o interveen_a accident_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n conclude_v that_o even_o in_o this_o crime_n the_o endeavour_n be_v punishable_a by_o a_o less_o severe_a punishment_n than_o death_n which_o seem_v clear_a by_o l._n 1._o §_o fin_fw-fr ff_n de_fw-fr extraord_n crim_n qui_fw-la pvero_fw-la struprum_fw-la abducto_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la vel_fw-la corrupto_fw-la comite_fw-la persuaserit_fw-la aut_fw-la mulierem_fw-la puellamve_fw-la interpellaverit_fw-la quidve_fw-la impudicitiae_fw-la gratia_fw-la fecerit_fw-la perfecto_fw-la flagitio_fw-la punitur_fw-la capite_fw-la imperfecto_fw-la in_o insulam_fw-la deportatur_fw-la and_o though_o in_o hot_a country_n where_o custom_n and_o climate_n lessen_v this_o crime_n the_o crime_n be_v by_o their_o lawyer_n think_v punishable_a less_o severe_o yet_o with_o we_o death_n ought_v to_o punish_v it_o if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v only_o let_v by_o other_o and_o in_o both_o their_o crime_n of_o sodomy_n and_o bestiality_n witness_n who_o be_v liable_a to_o exception_n will_v be_v receive_v because_o of_o the_o attrocity_n of_o the_o crime_n bos._n de_fw-fr judiciis_fw-la we_o have_v no_o particular_a statute_n for_o punish_v either_o sodomy_n or_o bestiality_n for_o they_o be_v crime_n extraordinar_fw-mi and_o rare_o commit_v in_o this_o kingdom_n but_o our_o libel_n bear_v that_o albeit_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a god_n as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o 20._o c._n of_o leviticus_n as_o well_o the_o man_n who_o lie_v with_o mankind_n as_o the_o man_n who_o lie_v with_o a_o beast_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n yet_o etc._n etc._n the_o ordinar_n punishment_n in_o both_o these_o be_v burn_v and_o the_o beast_n be_v also_o burn_v with_o which_o the_o bestiality_n be_v commit_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o james_n fidde_v who_o be_v convict_v of_o bestiality_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o last_o of_o may_n 1650._o and_o major_a weir_n april_n 1670._o yet_o sometime_o it_o be_v only_o punish_v by_o hang_v and_o thus_o john_n logie_n be_v only_o hang_v in_o july_n 1642._o and_o james_n wilson_n be_v only_o hang_v for_o the_o same_o crime_n 15._o feb._n 1649._o which_o last_o sentence_n bear_v that_o the_o execution_n shall_v be_v very_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o ordain_v the_o mare_n with_o which_o the_o buggery_n be_v commit_v to_o be_v drown_v in_o any_o moss_n or_o loach_n title_n xvi_o raptus_fw-la ravish_v 1._o the_o nature_n of_o a_o rapt_v describe_v and_o its_o punishment_n 2._o whether_o the_o violent_a lie_v with_o a_o woman_n without_o the_o carry_v she_o away_o be_v a_o rapt_v 3._o if_o the_o carry_v a_o woman_n away_o upon_o any_o other_o account_n then_o lust_n be_v a_o rapt_v 4._o if_o the_o carry_v she_o away_o without_o lie_v with_o she_o be_v a_o rapt_v 5._o if_o a_o woman_n carry_v away_o a_o man_n be_v a_o rapt_v 6._o whether_o a_o subsequent_a consent_n purge_v this_o crime_n 7._o some_o instance_n of_o the_o punishment_n of_o this_o crime_n 8._o whether_o the_o parent_n consent_n not_o be_v obtain_v make_v a_o rapt_v 9_o whether_o minor_n and_o such_o as_o force_v common_a whore_n be_v punishable_a for_o a_o rapt_v rapt_v or_o ravish_v be_v that_o crime_n which_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o violent_a carry_v away_o a_o woman_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o for_o satisfy_v the_o ravisher_n lust_n and_o be_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n punishable_a by_o death_n l._n un_fw-fr c._n the_o rapt_v virgin_n etc._n etc._n in_o our_o law_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o point_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o cognition_n of_o it_o belong_v only_o to_o his_o majesty_n justice_n and_o not_o to_o any_o other_o judge_n r._n maj._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o n._n 6._o and_o be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o the_o committer_n moveable_n for_o albeit_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v express_o appoint_v for_o it_o yet_o in_o the_o 8_o cap._n l._n 4._o r._n m._n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v punish_v as_o the_o other_o crime_n above_o relate_v and_o these_o be_v murder_n treason_n and_o fire-raising_a which_o be_v all_o capital_o punish_v and_o by_o the_o act._n 4._o p._n 21._o i._o 6._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o albeit_o the_o consent_n and_o declaration_n of_o the_o woman_n ravish_v declare_v that_o she_o go_v away_o of_o her_o own_o free_a will_n may_v free_v the_o committer_n from_o capital_a punishment_n yet_o shall_v it_o not_o free_v he_o from_o such_o arbitrary_a punishment_n as_o his_o majesty_n shall_v inflict_v by_o ward_n confiscation_n of_o their_o good_n or_o impose_v upon_o they_o pecunial_a mulct_n which_o act_n insinuat_v that_o the_o crime_n be_v otherways_o capital_a else_o that_o act_n have_v be_v unnecessar_n ii_o the_o definition_n give_v of_o a_o rapt_v l._n 4._o c._n 8._o r.m._n be_v that_o it_o be_v the_o unjust_a oppress_v of_o a_o woman_n by_o a_o man_n against_o the_o king_n peace_n in_o which_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n at_o least_o from_o some_o doctor_n who_o allege_v that_o lie_v with_o a_o woman_n or_o abuse_v her_o body_n violent_o be_v not_o a_o rapt_v except_o she_o be_v carry_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o albeit_o they_o do_v confess_v that_o this_o violence_n be_v punishable_a by_o deportation_n or_o banishment_n and_o be_v as_o some_o affirm_v non_fw-la raptus_fw-la sed_fw-la stuprum_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr ad_fw-la leg_n iu_n l._n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la but_o yet_o other_o lawyer_n and_o chief_o mathaeus_n do_v conclude_v that_o albeit_o the_o away_o take_v and_o the_o force_n or_o violent_a abuse_v a_o woman_n body_n be_v different_o punish_v yet_o they_o be_v degree_n of_o the_o same_o crime_n and_o both_o be_v rapt_n but_o according_a to_o our_o law_n both_o be_v rapt_n and_o both_o punishable_a by_o death_n neither_o do_v our_o law_n make_v any_o distinction_n inter_fw-la raptores_fw-la &_o deforciatores_fw-la mulierum_fw-la betwixt_o ravisher_n and_o deforcer_n of_o woman_n and_o it_o be_v most_o unreasonable_a that_o he_o who_o defloure_n a_o woman_n violent_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o severe_o punish_v
its_o own_o nature_n punishable_a by_o death_n 3._o by_o the_o 82._o act_n i._o 6._o p._n 11._o stealer_n of_o pleugh_n graith_n or_o breaker_n of_o miâ—nes_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v therefore_o to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n but_o because_o our_o practic_n be_v in_o this_o a_o little_a arbitrary_a and_o uncertain_a it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o theft_n in_o scotland_n be_v either_o pursue_v by_o accusation_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o private_a accuser_n or_o by_o way_n of_o indictment_n which_o be_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o procurator-fiskal_a if_o the_o pursuit_n be_v intent_a by_o way_n of_o accusation_n it_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o baron_n have_v power_n of_o pitt_n and_o gallow_n or_o as_o our_o charter_n call_v foffa_o &_o furca_fw-la or_o by_o sheriff_n but_o if_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o way_n of_o indictment_n the_o cognition_n thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o justice_n reg._n maj._n cap._n 1._o num._n 7._o but_o this_o distinction_n be_v not_o well_o observe_v for_o the_o sheriff_n do_v proceed_v to_o judge_v theft_n even_o by_o citation_n &_o though_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o take_v with_o with_o the_o fang_n which_o be_v certain_o a_o error_n for_o all_o process_n upon_o citation_n against_o a_o thief_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o justice_n viii_o in_o the_o procedor_fw-la before_o these_o inferior_a court_n they_o do_v not_o condemn_v to_o death_n except_o upon_o three_o theft_n or_o that_o the_o person_n be_v take_v with_o fang_n and_o he_o be_v likewise_o famosus_fw-la fur_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v no_o express_a law_n for_o it_o only_o stat_fw-la da._n 2._o cap._n 17._o where_o it_o be_v say_v if_o a_o thief_n be_v defame_v at_o three_o baron_n court_n and_o want_v a_o pledge_n or_o cautioner_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v or_o if_o he_o be_v defame_v and_o cite_v in_o two_o court_n or_o in_o one_o and_o be_v of_o ill_a fame_n likewise_o or_o as_o we_o say_v there_o be_v public_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n that_o he_o be_v a_o thief_n than_o he_o may_v be_v hang_v but_o simple_a fame_n be_v say_v there_o not_o to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n except_o that_o ill_a fame_n be_v find_v by_o a_o assize_n upon_o oath_n yet_o this_o be_v now_o absolet_n for_o fame_n be_v in_o no_o case_n sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n as_o to_o the_o three_o theft_n i_o find_v the_o civilian_n relate_v that_o the_o three_o theâ—t_n by_o the_o statutory_a law_n of_o most_o place_n be_v capital_a and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o who_o be_v oft_o find_v commit_v the_o same_o crime_n be_v presume_v by_o the_o law_n to_o design_n to_o make_v it_o a_o trade_n ang._n ad_fw-la l._n 8._o devi_fw-la publica_fw-la where_o the_o commit_n of_o theft_n twice_o infer_v this_o presumption_n the_o law_n of_o holland_n provide_v that_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n except_o it_o seem_v otherways_o just_a to_o the_o judge_n because_o of_o his_o age_n or_o any_o other_o pregnant_a reason_n and_o ordinary_o three_o small_a theft_n be_v by_o matheus_n say_v not_o to_o be_v construe_v such_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n as_o deserve_v death_n the_o civilian_n do_v upon_o supposition_n that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v capital_a conclude_v that_o these_o three_o theft_n shall_v be_v distinct_a even_o as_o to_o to_o the_o time_n and_o that_o he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n for_o the_o three_o theft_n though_o he_o have_v be_v former_o punish_v for_o both_o the_o other_o two_o or_o though_o the_o former_a two_o have_v be_v remit_v to_o he_o by_o the_o prince_n and_o albeit_o they_o use_v many_o distinction_n for_o clear_v whether_o a_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o the_o three_o theft_n where_o the_o first_o two_o be_v not_o commit_v within_o his_o territory_n or_o jurisdiction_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o he_o yet_o since_o capital_a punishment_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o a_o statute_n against_o the_o three_o theft_n but_o that_o the_o three_o theft_n be_v only_o punishable_a with_o death_n because_o the_o committer_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v irreclaimable_a therefore_o i_o think_v that_o where_o ever_o the_o theft_n be_v commit_v yet_o for_o the_o three_o theft_n the_o thief_n shall_v be_v hang_v for_o albeit_o there_o be_v no_o express_a statute_n for_o that_o with_o we_o yet_o see_v gomesius_n chasaneus_n and_o other_o famous_a lawyer_n attest_v this_o to_o be_v the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o world_n i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v follow_v by_o our_o sheriff_n and_o inferior_a judge_n who_o be_v determine_v by_o that_o number_n have_v some_o certain_a rule_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v both_o limit_v and_o warrand_v which_o be_v much_o safe_a than_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v allow_v scop_n to_o break_v out_o into_o the_o extreme_n of_o either_o cruelty_n or_o cowardliness_n the_o law_n of_o england_n divide_v theft_n or_o larcenry_n into_o petty_a larcenry_n when_o the_o thing_n steal_v exceed_v not_o twelve_o penny_n and_o its_o punishment_n extend_v not_o to_o death_n and_o grand_a larcenry_n when_o it_o exceed_v twelve_o penny_n wherein_o the_o thief_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n except_o he_o be_v save_v by_o the_o book_n and_o if_o one_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o six_o penny_n at_o one_o time_n and_o six_o penny_n at_o another_o time_n than_o he_o be_v guilty_a of_o death_n but_o if_o two_o steal_v to_o the_o value_n of_o eighten_v penny_n joint_o each_o be_v guilty_a common_a bruit_n and_o open_a fame_n of_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thief_n be_v likewise_o a_o good_a ground_n of_o make_v theft_n puishable_a by_o death_n the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o the_o fang_n &_o high_a fures_fw-la famosi_fw-la sive_fw-la infamati_fw-la de_fw-la pluribus_fw-la furtis_fw-la be_v ordinary_o hang_v likewise_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o clarus_n num._n 8._o hoc_fw-la tit_n menoch_n arbitrariis_fw-la casu_fw-la 295._o and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o witness_n depon_n of_o their_o credulity_n and_o that_o they_o be_v inform_v by_o other_o our_o law_n call_v such_o de_fw-fr famiati_fw-la de_fw-fr latrocinio_fw-la and_o if_o he_o can_v find_v caution_n the_o old_a law_n appoint_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o prove_v thief_n for_o latro_fw-la defamatus_fw-la &_o latro_fw-la probatus_fw-la be_v still_o aequipollent_a in_o our_o law_n but_o i_o think_v these_o law_n too_o severe_a and_o they_o be_v not_o in_o use_n ix_o as_o to_o the_o procedor_fw-la of_o the_o justice_n it_o be_v because_o their_o power_n be_v more_o eminent_a that_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v more_o arbitrary_a but_o i_o think_v the_o distinction_n allow_v by_o civilian_n will_v be_v very_o reasonable_a which_o be_v that_o in_o furto_fw-la simplici_fw-la in_o simple_a theft_n the_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v never_o be_v impose_v but_o in_o qualify_a theft_n if_o the_o quality_n be_v such_o as_o agredge_v the_o crime_n very_o much_o which_o aggravation_n be_v either_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o be_v steal_v as_o in_o our_o statute_n the_o stealer_n of_o pleugh-graith_a cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o pleugh_n and_o pleugh-graith_a in_o the_o time_n of_o tell_v and_o cutter_n and_o destroyer_n of_o grow_a tree_n or_o breaker_n of_o milnes_n or_o of_o lead_v coâ—ns_n or_o fuel_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o death_n as_o thief_n 82._o act._n 11._o p._n i._n 6_o and_o hocheâ—s_n and_o killer_n of_o ox_n horse_n and_o other_o cattle_n be_v punishable_a by_o death_n and_o confiscation_n of_o moveable_n as_o well_o committer_n as_o recepter_n act._n 110._o p._n ja._n 6._o and_o upon_o this_o act_n be_v hang_v for_o kill_v drumlanerk_n sheep_n 20._o feb._n 1666._o albeit_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o that_o act_n be_v only_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o labour_a cattle_n nota_fw-la this_o be_v a_o case_n wherein_o theft_n may_v be_v commit_v without_o carry_v any_o thing_n away_o for_o the_o do_v of_o these_o wrong_n without_o carry_v away_o the_o thing_n wrong_v be_v constant_o declare_v to_o be_v theft_n &_o per_fw-la constitutionem_fw-la frederici_fw-la secundi_fw-la de_fw-la stat_fw-la §_o agricultores_fw-la the_o steal_a pleugh_n graith_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o particular_a crime_n x._o herdship_n likewise_o which_o be_v the_o driving_z away_o a_o great_a many_o cattle_n call_v by_o the_o civilian_n crimen_fw-la abigeatus_fw-la be_v likewise_o by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o particular_o by_o we_o punish_v with_o death_n but_o though_o lex_fw-la prima_fw-la dig_v de_fw-fr abigeat_fw-la say_v that_o abigei_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la dentur_fw-la yet_o matheus_n do_v interpret_v that_o not_o to_o be_v mean_v de_fw-fr ultimo_fw-la supplicio_fw-la but_o only_o de_fw-fr ludo_fw-la gladiatorio_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v l
to_o swear_v before_o any_o debate_n upon_o the_o indirect_a manner_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o ordain_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o improbation_n and_o to_o ordain_v the_o defender_n to_o give_v in_o his_o article_n of_o approbation_n and_o albeit_o there_o be_v not_o publicatio_fw-la testimoniorum_fw-la in_o our_o law_n in_o civil_a case_n yet_o because_o improbation_n have_v a_o criminal_a effect_n and_o tend_v to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o the_o defender_n therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v in_o this_o case_n to_o ordain_v the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v see_v by_o both_o party_n and_o both_o party_n be_v full_o hear_v to_o debate_v in_o praesentia_fw-la the_o lord_n do_v either_o improve_v or_o assoylzie_n if_o the_o lord_n improve_v they_o have_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n power_n to_o impose_v a_o arbitrary_a punishment_n suitable_a to_o the_o crime_n and_o therefore_o they_o do_v sometime_o ordain_v the_o forget_v to_o be_v take_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n if_o the_o cheat_n be_v but_o small_a or_o the_o person_n in_o great_a necessity_n and_o sometime_o they_o only_o ordain_v the_o forger_n to_o be_v imprison_v and_o rebuke_v he_o without_o discover_v the_o falsehood_n as_o they_o do_v late_o to_o a_o gentleman_n who_o be_v otherways_o very_o discreet_a be_v by_o his_o poverty_n drive_v to_o counterfeit_v the_o subscription_n of_o his_o friend_n to_o a_o bond_n of_o suspension_n sometime_o likewise_o they_o refer_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o council_n who_o upon_o that_o reference_n use_v either_o to_o condemn_v the_o forger_n to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n as_o they_o do_v captain_n barclay_n or_o else_o they_o use_v to_o send_v they_o to_o the_o mercat_n cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n as_o they_o do_v tulloch_n a_o nottar_n for_o forge_v a_o charter_n 4._o july_n 1638._o but_o this_o mitigation_n be_v only_o allow_v when_o the_o forger_n have_v be_v induce_v to_o commit_v that_o crime_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o other_o or_o by_o his_o own_o simplicity_n and_o have_v ingenious_o confess_v vii_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o procedor_fw-la take_v by_o the_o lord_n when_o they_o have_v improven_v the_o paper_n and_o find_v they_o to_o be_v false_a be_v to_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n against_o who_o a_o indictment_n be_v draw_v up_o and_o the_o assize_n swear_v the_o lord_n decreet_a be_v read_v without_o repeat_v any_o further_a probation_n and_o the_o assize_n must_v condemn_v thereupon_o else_o they_o will_v be_v pursue_v for_o error_n and_o therefore_o the_o verdict_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la bear_v find_v the_o panel_n guilty_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o decreet_a of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n upon_o this_o verdict_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v express_o to_o condemn_v the_o defender_n to_o be_v hang_v as_o halyday_n for_o counterfeit_v a_o discharge_n 8._o february_n 1597._o james_n tarbet_n for_o be_v art_n and_o part_n of_o counterfeit_v a_o false_a charter_n 16._o february_n 1600._o and_o if_o the_o falsehood_n be_v atrocious_a they_o sometime_o before_o the_o execution_n ordain_v the_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o if_o the_o lord_n remit_v not_o the_o case_n to_o the_o justice_n when_o they_o find_v the_o paper_n to_o be_v false_a they_o ordain_v the_o paper_n improven_v to_o be_v cancel_v in_o their_o own_o presence_n but_o if_o they_o remit_v the_o forger_n to_o the_o justice_n than_o the_o paper_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o justice_n court_n and_o when_o the_o sentence_n be_v pronounce_v there_o against_o the_o panel_n the_o paper_n be_v likewise_o cancel_v at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o justice_n viii_o the_o second_o species_n of_o falsehood_n be_v that_o which_o be_v commit_v by_o witness_n in_o their_o deposition_n which_o may_v be_v many_o way_n commit_v as_o 1._o by_o take_v money_n to_o depon_n or_o not_o depon_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la ad_fw-la dicendum_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la dicendum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la acceperit_fw-la l._n 20._o ff_n h._n t._n 20._o by_o conceal_v the_o truth_n or_o express_v more_o than_o the_o truth_n though_o they_o receive_v no_o money_n l._n 16_o §_o ult_n hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi 3._o by_o depon_v thing_n express_o contradictory_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o contradiction_n must_v be_v palpable_a and_o not_o consequential_a nam_fw-la omnis_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la praeferendo_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la dicta_fw-la testium_fw-la reconcilientur_fw-la witness_n either_o be_v such_o as_o be_v swear_v and_o if_o they_o swear_v false_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la they_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n vid._n tit_n perjury_n or_o else_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v false_a witness_n without_o a_o oath_n as_o witness_n in_o paper_n and_o these_o be_v punishable_a tanquam_fw-la falsarii_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n corn._n clar._n hoc_fw-la tit_n num_fw-la 11._o and_o of_o these_o i_o design_n to_o treat_v only_o at_o least_o principal_o in_o this_o title_n he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o in_o one_o point_n be_v repute_v false_a in_o all_o his_o deposition_n whether_o the_o point_n be_v coherent_a or_o not_o but_o he_o who_o depones_fw-la false_o only_o in_o extrinsic_a circumstance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_o punish_v as_o if_o he_o have_v depone_v false_o upon_o the_o substantial_o of_o what_o be_v interrogat_n and_o yet_o in_o both_o case_n he_o be_v falsarius_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v one_o of_o barclay_n servant_n to_o be_v send_v to_o the_o cross_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n because_o he_o prevaricat_fw-la only_o in_o his_o deposition_n about_o the_o carry_v of_o a_o letter_n though_o that_o be_v extrinsic_a to_o the_o debate_n and_o be_v main_o use_v to_o try_v the_o witness_n honesty_n oblivion_n or_o forgetfulness_n excuse_v sometime_o à _fw-la paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la falsi_fw-la if_o it_o be_v invincible_o or_o strong_o found_v but_o not_o otherwise_o witness_n depon_v false_o and_o such_o as_o induce_v witness_n be_v by_o our_o law_n punish_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n act_n 80._o parl._n 6._o i._o 5._o but_o thereafter_o by_o pierce_v their_o tongue_n and_o escheat_v of_o their_o moveable_n to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o be_v never_o to_o brook_v honour_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o be_v to_o be_v further_o punish_v in_o their_o person_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o fault_n q._n m._n parl._n 6._o cap._n 48._o by_o the_o lord_n in_o this_o act_n be_v mean_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o may_v punish_v witness_n ex_fw-la incontinenti_fw-la during_o the_o dependence_n of_o the_o process_n before_o themselves_o wherein_o the_o witness_n depone_v false_o but_o if_o either_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v by_o depon_v in_o another_o court_n or_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v functi_fw-la officio_fw-la as_o to_o the_o process_n wherein_o the_o falsehood_n be_v commit_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o lord_n can_v judge_v the_o falsehood_n or_o punish_v the_o false_a witness_n sometime_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n thus_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o witness_n who_o have_v confess_v that_o they_o subscribe_v witness_n to_o a_o disposition_n grant_v by_o the_o tutor_n of_o towie_n to_o his_o nephew_n to_o be_v remit_v to_o the_o council_n who_o banish_v they_o and_o sometime_o they_o themselves_o ordain_v they_o to_o be_v banish_v or_o to_o have_v their_o tongue_n pierce_v or_o to_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o cock-stool_n with_o a_o paper_n hat_n yet_o they_o can_v ordain_v they_o to_o die_v because_o the_o arbitrary_a power_n grant_v by_o this_o act_n can_v in_o law_n be_v extend_v ad_fw-la infligendam_fw-la paenam_fw-la mortis_fw-la as_o be_v full_o clear_v elsewhere_o and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n use_v to_o remit_v the_o falsarie_a to_o the_o justice_n if_o the_o crime_n deserve_v death_n but_o it_o may_v be_v question_v if_o the_o justice_n can_v inflict_v the_o pain_n of_o death_n in_o any_o case_n upon_o false_a witness_n since_o that_o crime_n be_v not_o declare_v capital_a by_o any_o act_n but_o to_o this_o the_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o may_v and_o do_v inflâ—ct_a capital_a punishment_n upon_o the_o committer_n of_o this_o crime_n in_o some_o case_n and_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n ja._n 5._o it_o be_v declare_v punishable_a according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o which_o be_v mean_v the_o civil_a law_n &_o de_fw-fr practica_fw-la witness_v have_v be_v hang_v for_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o croy_n and_o for_o suborn_v other_o to_o bear_v false_a witness_n as_o cheyn_n march_v 15._o 1605._o and_o grahame_n march_v 8._o 1615._o at_o which_o time_n also_o dunlop_n and_o some_o other_o be_v hang_v for_o offer_v themselves_o to_o be_v false_a witness_n albeit_o they_o do_v not_o actual_o depon_n because_o they_o be_v not_o receive_v
to_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o a_o party_n have_v make_v his_o antagonist_n absolute_o judge_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n he_o have_v as_o it_o be_v submit_v to_o he_o &_o juramentum_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la ultimum_fw-la refugium_fw-la and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o case_n decide_v per._n l._n 2._o c._n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la credit_n religionem_fw-la contemptam_fw-la juramenti_fw-la satis_fw-la deum_fw-la habet_fw-la ultorem_fw-la sed_fw-la majestatis_fw-la crimen_fw-la vel_fw-la periculum_fw-la corporis_fw-la &_o si_fw-la per_fw-la principis_fw-la venerationem_fw-la quodam_fw-la calore_fw-la fuerit_fw-la perjeratum_fw-la inferri_fw-la non_fw-la placet_fw-la for_o in_o the_o immediate_o precede_v law_n it_o be_v say_v that_o causa_fw-la jure_fw-la jurando_fw-la ex_fw-la consensu_fw-la utriusque_fw-la partis_fw-la delato_fw-la decisa_fw-la nec_fw-la perjurii_fw-la praetextu_fw-la retractari_fw-la potest_fw-la so_o that_o add_v both_o law_n together_o the_o sense_n be_v that_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v refer_v to_o any_o party_n oath_n it_o be_v decide_v conform_v thereto_o that_o decision_n can_v neither_o be_v retract_v upon_o pretext_n of_o perjury_n nor_o can_v the_o perjurer_n be_v corporal_o punish_v and_o this_o seem_v a_o much_o more_o reasonable_a answer_n than_o those_o many_o give_v by_o the_o doctor_n but_o yet_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o the_o conclusion_n itself_o nor_o be_v it_o at_o all_o conform_a to_o our_o law_n nor_o perhaps_o to_o reason_n for_o interest_n and_o avarice_n be_v sufficient_a bait_n to_o perjury_n though_o impunity_n be_v not_o thereto_o add_v and_o when_o the_o party_n defer_v a_o oath_n he_o intend_v thereby_o to_o submit_v final_o to_o he_o to_o who_o the_o famine_n be_v defer_v but_o not_o so_o but_o that_o if_o thereafter_o the_o sweaâ—er_n shall_v be_v find_v perjure_a he_o may_v be_v still_o challenge_v nor_o perhaps_o will_v he_o have_v defer_v the_o oath_n if_o he_o have_v not_o conclude_v himself_o secure_a as_o to_o what_o shall_v be_v depone_v not_o only_o out_o of_o respect_n to_o religion_n but_o likewise_o because_o of_o the_o hazard_n of_o perjury_n and_o see_v in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v mendacium_fw-la juramento_fw-la affirmatum_fw-la i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v perjury_n be_v there_o any_o ground_n why_o at_o least_o his_o majesty_n be_v advocate_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o pursue_v it_o for_o the_o reason_n which_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o speciality_n in_o it_o cease_v in_o he_o and_o as_o there_o be_v no_o decision_n in_o favour_n of_o clarus_n his_o opinion_n in_o our_o law_n so_o in_o mr._n james_n row'_v and_o other_o case_n where_o this_o may_v have_v be_v propon_v this_o defence_n be_v never_o propon_v yet_o in_o some_o case_n the_o deponer_n in_o juramento_fw-la delato_fw-la crave_v that_o the_o lord_n may_v declare_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v liable_a for_o perjury_n when_o any_o oath_n be_v necessary_o so_o defer_v to_o he_o which_o the_o lord_n in_o some_o case_n use_v to_o grant_v as_o in_o facto_fw-la antiquo_fw-la and_o by_o so_o do_v they_o show_v that_o perjury_n be_v punishable_a regulariter_fw-la even_o in_o he_o to_o who_o a_o oath_n be_v defer_v but_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o doctor_n have_v more_o just_o conclude_v that_o where_o a_o oath_n be_v defer_v in_o criminal_n though_o the_o panel_n need_v not_o swear_v yet_o if_o he_o do_v swear_v he_o be_v not_o punishable_a as_o a_o perjure_a person_n though_o he_o swear_v false_o quia_fw-la licet_fw-la cuique_fw-la suum_fw-la redimere_fw-la sanguinem_fw-la clar._n num_fw-la 12._o and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v debate_v that_o this_o hold_v not_o with_o we_o in_o usury_n and_o other_o case_n because_o there_o the_o law_n obliedge_v he_o to_o give_v his_o oath_n and_o matheus_n do_v think_v that_o it_o shall_v in_o no_o case_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o perjurer_n shall_v there_o be_v punish_v with_o a_o double_a punishment_n both_o for_o conceal_v the_o crime_n and_o also_o perjure_v himself_o and_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o this_o be_v rather_o punishable_a then_o ordinary_a perjury_n because_o the_o defender_n need_v not_o swear_v and_o be_v in_o no_o hazard_n by_o not_o swear_v and_o the_o less_o the_o temptation_n be_v the_o sin_n be_v always_o the_o great_a nor_o need_v the_o defender_n redeem_v his_o own_o blood_n by_o swear_v as_o be_v pretend_v or_o at_o least_o licet_fw-la hoc_fw-la liceat_fw-la licere_fw-la tam_fw-la debet_fw-la per_fw-la modum_fw-la licitum_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la perjurio_fw-la vi_o it_o may_v likewise_o be_v doubt_v in_o some_o case_n whether_o the_o violation_n of_o a_o oath_n do_v infer_v perjury_n as_o when_o a_o judge_n give_v his_o oath_n that_o he_o shall_v administrat_fw-la justice_n impartial_o or_o a_o advocate_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v honest_a in_o his_o employment_n without_o discover_v his_o client_n secret_a or_o betray_v his_o business_n if_o that_o judge_n take_v money_n as_o a_o bribe_n or_o that_o advocate_n thereafter_o prevaricate_a may_v be_v upon_o these_o account_n pursue_v for_o perjury_n and_o this_o be_v i_o remember_v controvert_v in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v pursue_v upon_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o queen_n mary_n for_o perjury_n because_o he_o be_v allege_v to_o have_v take_v money_n from_o the_o defender_n in_o case_n wherein_o they_o be_v pursue_v at_o his_o majesty_n instance_n and_o that_o this_o can_v not_o infer_v perjury_n be_v argue_v from_o this_o that_o our_o law_n have_v make_v some_o particular_a statute_n as_o to_o perjury_n it_o design_v thereby_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o nation_n shall_v not_o in_o this_o crime_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o see_v it_o have_v only_o punish_v perjury_n in_o the_o case_n of_o witness_n assizer_n and_o bigamy_n it_o do_v clear_o follow_v that_o perjury_n deum_fw-la tantum_fw-la habet_fw-la ultorem_fw-la in_o all_o other_o case_n 2._o if_o perjury_n be_v punishable_a in_o this_o case_n tutor_n and_o executor_n who_o find_v caution_n may_v be_v always_o punish_v for_o perjury_n where_o they_o be_v pursuable_a for_o maladministration_n which_o be_v absurd_a and_o be_v never_o practise_v in_o any_o nation_n 3._o when_o such_o oath_n as_o these_o be_v give_v these_o word_n as_o you_o shall_v answer_v to_o god_n be_v ordinary_o adject_v rather_o to_o impress_v a_o fear_n of_o the_o deity_n upon_o the_o swearer_n than_o to_o subject_v he_o by_o the_o oath_n to_o the_o hazard_n of_o perjury_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o perjury_n be_v neither_o thought_n upon_o consider_v by_o the_o administrator_n nor_o the_o swearer_n so_o that_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la agitur_fw-la at_o that_o time_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o many_o thing_n that_o be_v always_o look_v to_o in_o punish_v of_o crime_n 4._o if_o consequential_a perjury_n have_v be_v punishable_a as_o formal_a perjury_n there_o need_v no_o act_n to_o have_v be_v make_v declare_v that_o bigamy_n shall_v be_v repute_n and_o punish_v as_o perjury_n see_v it_o be_v such_o by_o consequence_n before_o that_o act._n for_o the_o better_a clear_n of_o this_o case_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o divide_v perjury_n in_o formal_a and_o consequential_a perjury_n and_o to_o conclude_v that_o formal_a perjury_n which_o be_v in_o these_o case_n declare_v perjury_n by_o a_o express_a act_n shall_v be_v punishable_a as_o a_o crime_n but_o that_o consequential_a perjury_n as_o may_v be_v instance_a in_o the_o case_n above-written_a shall_v not_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o crime_n but_o as_o a_o aggravation_n for_o see_v in_o these_o the_o perjurer_n do_v not_o formal_o design_n to_o commit_v perjury_n be_v be_v not_o very_o rational_a to_o think_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v by_o the_o formal_a punishment_n of_o that_o crime_n which_o distinction_n i_o find_v likewise_o allow_v by_o the_o civilian_n for_o albeit_o formal_a perjury_n be_v only_o punishable_a by_o banishment_n and_o infamy_n yet_o if_o any_o man_n die_v by_o that_o perjury_n as_o in_o false-witnessing_a in_o capital_a crime_n the_o perjury_n be_v eo_fw-la casu_fw-la punishable_a by_o death_n and_o if_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o treason_n it_o be_v punishable_a as_o treason_n margaret_z wood_n be_v in_o february_n 1631._o pursue_v for_o have_v perjure_v herself_o as_o a_o false_a witness_n in_o so_o far_o as_o she_o have_v be_v cite_v before_o the_o privy_a council_n and_o examine_v by_o they_o she_o have_v depone_v many_o false_a thing_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o pitcaple_n and_o richard_n mowat_n against_o which_o pursuit_n it_o be_v allege_v for_o she_o 1._o that_o she_o can_v not_o be_v pursue_v as_o a_o false_a witness_n because_o a_o woman_n in_o our_o law_n can_v be_v a_o witness_n and_o consequent_o she_o can_v be_v a_o false_a witness_n 2._o she_o do_v not_o depon_n upon_o oath_n before_o the_o council_n and_o consequent_o she_o can_v be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n since_o nemo_fw-la