Pausanias Now the Aâ—henians the God himselfe hauing iudged this a Pollution of Sanctuary required the Lacedaemonians to banish out of their Citie such as were touched with the same At the same time that Pausanias came to his end the Lacedaemonians by their Ambassadours to the Athenians accused Themistocles for that hee also had medized together with Pausanias hauing discouered it by proofes against Pausanias and desired that the same punishment might be likewise inflicted vpon him Whereunto consenting for he was at this time in banishment by Ostracisme and though his ordinary residence was at Argos hee trauelled to and fro in other places of Peloponnesus they sent certaine men in company of the Lacedaemonians who were willing to pursue him with command to bring him in wheresoeuer they could finde him But Themistocles hauing had notice of it before-hand flyeth out of Peloponnesus into Corcyra to the people of which Citie he had formerly beene beneficiall But the Corcyraeans alleaging that they durst not keep him there for feare of displeasing both the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians conuey him into the opposite Continent and being pursued by the men thereto appointed asking continually which way hee went hee was compelled at a streight to turne in vnto Admetus King of the Molossians his enemie The King himselfe beeing then from home hee became a suppliant to his Wife and by her was instructed to take their Sonne with him and sit downe at the Altar of the House When Admetus not long after returned hee made himselfe knowne to him and desired him that though hee had opposed him in some suite at Athens not to reuenge it on him now in the time of his flight saying that being now the weaker he must needes suffer vnder the stronger whereas noble reuenge is of equals vpon equall termes and that hee had beene his Aduersary but in matter of profit not of life whereas if hee deliuered him vp telling him withall for what and by whom hee was followed hee depriued him of all meanes of sauing his life Admetus hauing heard him bade him arise together with his Sonne whom he held as he sate which is the most submisse supplication that is Not long after came the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians and though they alledged much to haue him yet hee deliuered him not but sent him away by Land to Pydna vpon the other Sea a City belonging to Alexander because his purpose was to goe to the King where finding a Ship bound for Iönia hee embarqued and was carried by foule weather vpon the the Fleet of the Athenians that besieged Naxus Being afraid hee discouered to the Master for hee was vnknowne who hee was and for what hee fled and said that vnlesse hee would saue him hee meant to say that hee had hired him to carry him away for money And that to saue him there needed no more but this to let none goe out of the Ship till the weather serued to bee gone To which if hee consented hee would not forget to requite him according to his merit The Master did so and hauing lyen a day and a night at Sea vpon the Fleet of the Aâ—henians he arriued afterward at Ephesus And Themistocles hauing liberally rewarded him with money for hee receiued there both what was sent him from his friends at Athens and also what he had put out at Argos hee tooke his iourney vpwards in company of a certaine Persian of the Low-Countries and sent Letters to the King Artaxerxes the Sonne of Xerxes newly come to the Kingdome wherein was written to this purpose His Letter to Artaxerxes I THEMISTOCLES am comming vnto thee who of all the Grecians as long as I was forced to resist thy Father that invaded mee haue done your House the maniest damages yet the benefits I did him were more after once I with safety hee with danger was to make retreat And both a good turne is already due vnto mee writing here how hee had forewarned him of the Grecians departure out of Salamis and ascribing the then not breaking of the Bridge falsely vnto himselfe and at this time to doe thee many other good seruices I present my selfe persecuted by the Grecians for thy friendships sake But I desire to haue a yeeres respite that I may declare vnto thee the cause of my comming my selfe The King as is reported wondred what his purpose might bee and commanded him to doe as he had said In this time of respite hee learned as much as hee could of the Language and fashions of the place and a yeere after comming to the Court he was great with the King more then euer had beene any Grecian before both for his former dignity and the hope of Greece which hee promised to bring into his subiection but especially for the tryall hee gaue of his wisdome For Themistocles was a man in whom most truely was manifested the strength of naturall iudgement wherein hee had something worthy admiration different from other men For by his naturall prudence without the helpe of instruction before or after he was both of extemporary matters vpon short deliberation the best discerner and also of what for the most part would bee their issue the best coniecturer What hee was perfect in hee was able also to explicate and what hee was vnpractised in he was not to seeke how to iudge of conueniently Also hee foresaw no man better what was best or worst in any case that was doubtfull And to say all in few words this man by the naturall goodnesse of his wit and quicknesse of deliberation was the ablest of all men to tell what was fit to bee done vpon a sudden But falling sicke hee ended his life some say hee dyed voluntarily by Poyson because hee thought himselfe vnable to performe what hee had promised to the King His monument is in Magnesia in Asia in the Market place for hee had the gouernment of that Countrey the King hauing bestowed vpon him Magnesia which yeelded him fifty Talents by yeere for his bread and Lampsacus for his Wine for this City was in those dayes thought to haue store of Wine and the Citty of Myus for his meate His bones are said by his Kindred to haue beene brought home by his owne appointment and buryed in Attica vnknowne to the Athenians for it was not lawfull to bury one there that had fled for Treason These were the ends of Pausanias the Lacedaemonian and Themistocles the Athenian the most famous men of all the Grecians of their time And this is that which the Lacedaemonians did command and were commanded in their first Ambassage touching the banishment of such as were vnder the curse AFTER THIS they sent Ambassadours againe to Athens commanding them to leuy the Siege from before Potidaea and to suffer Aegina to bee free but principally and most plainely telling them that the Warre should not bee made in case
And the Corinthians were to man tenne Gallies of their owne two of Leucas and three of Ambracia and come after Gylippus went first from Tarentum to Thuria as Ambassadour by his Fathers right who was free of the Citie of Tarentum but not winning them to his side hee put out againe and sailed along the Coast of Italy Passing by the Terinaean Gulfe hee was put from the shore by a wind which in that quarter bloweth strongly against the North and driuen into the maine Sea and after another extreme Tempest brought in againe into Tarentum where he drew vp such of his Gallies as had beene hurt by the weather and repaired them Nicias hearing that hee came contemned the small number of his Gallies as also the Thurians had before supposing them furnished as for Piracie and appointed no Watch for them yet About the same time of this Summer the Lacedaemonians inuaded the Territory of Argos they and their Confederates and wasted a great part of their Land And the Athenians ayded the Argiues with thirty Gallies which most apparantly broke the Peace betweene them and the Lacedaemonians For before they went out from Pylus with the Argiues and Mantineans but in the nature of Free-booters and that also not into Laconia but other parts of Peloponnesus Nay when the Argiues haue often entreated them but onely to Land with their Armes in Laconia and hauing wasted neuer so little of their Territory to returne they would not But now vnder the Conduct of Pythodorus Laespodius and Demaratus they landed in the Territory of Epidaurus Limera and in Prasia and there and in other places wasted the Countrey and gaue vnto the Lacedaemonians a most iustifiable cause to fight against the Athenians After this the Athenians being departed from Argos with their Gallies and the Lacedaemonians gone likewise home the Argiues inuaded Phliasia and when they had wasted part of their Territory and killed some of their men returned THE SEVENTH BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF THVCYDIDES The principall Contents Gylippus arriueth at Syracuse checketh the fortune of the Athenians and cutteth off their workes with a Counterwall The Lacedaemonians inuade Attica and fortifie Decelea The Confederates of each side are sollicited for supplies to be sent to Syracuse Two battels fought in the great Hauen in the first of which the Syracusians are beaten in the second superiour Demosthenes arriueth with a new Army and attempting the workes of the enemy in Epipolae by night is repulsed with great slaughter of his men They fight the third time and the Syracusians hauing the Victory blocke vp the Hauen with Boats A Catalogue of the Confederates on each side They fight againe at the Barres of the Hauen where the Athenians losing their Gallies prepare to march away by land In their march they are afflicted beaten and finally subdued by the Syracusians The death of Nicias and Demosthenes and misery of the Captiues in the Quarry which hapned in the ninteenth yeere of this Warre GYlippus and Pythen hauing repaired their Gallies from Tarentum went along the Coast to Locri Epizephyrij And vpon certaine intelligence now that Syracuse was not wholly enclozed but that comming with an Army there was entrance still by Epipolae they consulted whether it were better to take Sicily on their right hand and aduenture into the Towne by Sea or on the left and so first to goe to Himera and then taking along both them and as many other as they could get to their side to goe into it by Land And it was resolued to goe to Himera the rather because the foure Attique Gallies which Nicias though he contemned them before had now when he heard they were at Locri sent to wait for them were not arriued yet at Rhegium Hauing preuented this guard they crossed the Streight and touching at Rhegium and Messaâ—a by the way came to Himera Being there they preuailed so farre with the Himeraeans that they not onely followed them to the War themselues but also furnished with Armour such of Gylippus and Pythens Mariners as wanted For at Himera they had drawne their Gallies to Land They likewise sent to the Selâ—â—untians to meet them at a place assigned with their whole Army The Gâ—loans also and other of the Siculi promised to send them Forces though not many being much the willinger to come to the side both for that Archonidas was lately dead who raigning ouer some of the Siculi in those parts and being a man of no meane power was friend to the Athenians and also for that Gylippus seemed to come from Lacedaemon with a good will to the businesse Gylippus taking with him of his owne Mariners and Sea-Souldiers for whom he had gotten Armes at the most 700. and Himeraeans with Armour and without in the whole 1000. and â—00 Horse and some Light-armed Selinuntians with some few Horse of the Gâ—loans and of the Siculi in all about 1000. marched with these towards Syracuse In the meane time the Corinthians with the rest of their Gallies putting to Sea from Leucas made after as they were euery one with what speed he could and Gongyâ—â—â— one of the Corinthian Commanders though the last that set forth arriued first at Syracuse with one Gallie and but a little before the comming of Gylippus And finding them ready to call an Assembly about an end of the Warre he hindred them from it and put them into heart relating both how the rest of the Gallies were comming and also Gylippus the sonne of Cleandridas for Generall sent vnto them by the Lacedaemonians With this the Syracusians were reconfirmed and went presently out with their whole Army to meet him for they vnderstood now that he was neere He hauing taken Iëgas a Fort in his way as he passed through the Territory of the Siculi and imbattelled his men commeth to Epipolae and getting vp by Euryalus where also the Athenians had gotten vp before marched together with the Syracusians towards the wall of the Athenians At the time when he arriued the Athenians had finished a double wall of seuen or eight furlongs towards the great Hauen saue onely a little next the Sea which they were yet at worke on And on the other side of their Circle towards Trogilus and the other Sea the Stones were for the most part laid ready vpon the place and the worke was left in some places halfe and in some wholly finished So great was the danger that Sycrause was now brought into The Athenians at the sodaine comming on of Gylippus though somewhat troubled at first yet put themselues in order to receiue him And he making a stand when he came neere sent a Herald to them saying That if they would abandon Sicily within fiue dayes with bagge and baggage he was content to giue them Truce Which the Athenians contemning sent him away without any answer After this they were putting themselues into order of battell one against another but Gylippus finding the Syracusians
depriued of liberty 150. D. Mitylenian Commons yeeld the City to the Athenians 158. D. sentence at Athens against Mitylene 162. C. 1000 Mitylenians put to death 171. C. Mitylenian Outlawes lose Antandrus 253. B. Molossians 126. C. Molychrium 129 D. 199. E. Moneth Elaphebolium 278. A. 302. A. Gerastion 278 B. Artemisium 302. A. Carneius 323. E Mount raised against Plataea 122 C. Mycale 47. A. Mycalessus 429. E. Mycenae 3. C. Mygdonia 32. A. 140 A. Mylae 193. C. Myonnesus 160. C. Myrcinus 271. C. Myronides 55. C. Myus 74. C. 154. C. N NAuie first built by Minos 3. D The Nauies of old time in Greece 10. B. the Nauy of the Athenians at the greatest when 153. C. Naupactus 54. B. 119. C. defended by Demosthenes 200. A. Naxus the Iland first of the Athenian Confederates that was brought in to seruitude 52. A. Naxus of Sicily 225. C. when and by whom built 351. B. Neapolis of Africke 443. C. Nemea the Forrest 326. B. Neritum 149. A. Nicias goeth with an Army to Melos 193. D. giueth his power to leuy Souldiers to Cleon 228. C. winneth Cythera 241. D. goeth Ambassadour to Lacedaemon 318. B. chosen Generall for the Sicilian voyage 354. D. his opinion touching the mannaging of that Warre 376. D. his Stratagem to get landing at Syracuse 386. B. is assaulted in his Campe 409. A. why vnwilling to rise from before Syracuse 442. A. he yeeldeth himself to Gylippus 466. A. his death 467. A. Nicias of Crete 130 B. Nisaea besieged by the Athenians 249. D. rendred 250. B. Notium 161. B. 162. A. the Number of the Lacedaemonian Army against the Argiues how computed 332. A. Nymphodorus of Abdera 97. D. O OAre One man to one Oare in a Trireme 136. A. Oath Forme of the Oath at the making of the Peace betweene the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians 301. D. Odomantians 141. C. 292. C. Odrysae 98. A. B. 137. D. Oeantheans 199. C. Oeneon 199. D. Oenias 58. B. 128. A. compelled by the Acarnanians into the Athenian League 254. D. Oenöe 92. D. betrayed to the Boeotians 528. C. Oenophyta 56 E. Oenussae 482. A. Oezyme 271. C. Oligarchy of the 400 at Athens 507. C. sequ they enter the Senate house 508. C. they begin to decline 520. D. are assaulted by the Populars 523. C. Olophyxus 273. A. Olpae 203. A. taken by the Ambraciotes 202. C. Olympia 149. B. Olympian Games 5. A. 321. B. Olympiade eighty eighth 149. C. Olympiaeum 386. C. 387. C. 392. C. Olympus 256 A. Olynthus 32. A. 34. A. 280. D. Oneius 237 B. Ophionians 196. C. 197. C. Opus 57. A. Oracle The Corcyraeans referre their cause to the Oracle at Delphi 17. B. Oracle at Delphi consulted by the Epidamnians 15. C. Oracle at Delphi encourageth the Lacedaemonians 61. D. 110 D. Oraedus King of the Parauaeans 126. C. Oration of the Corinthians at Athens 22. B. at Sparta 62. A. of the Corcyraeans at Athens 19 C. of the Athenians at Lacedaemon 34 C. of Archidamus 43. A. of Sthenclaidas 45. D. of Pericles at Athens 75. C. of Archidamus to his Army 87. D. of Pericles at the Funerall 100. D. of Pericles to the incensed People 112. D. of Phormio to his Souldiers 132. C. of Cnemus to his Souldiers 131. B. of the Mitylenians at Olympia 149 B. of Cleon against the Mitylenians 163 of Diodotus for them 167. of the Plataeans 173. of the Thebans 177. of Demosthenes to his Souldiers 216. C. of the Lacedaemonians at Athens 221. A. of Hermocrates to the Sicilians at Gela 244. of Pagondas to his Souldiers 262. of Hippocrates to his Souldiers 264. of Brasidas to the Acanthians 258. D. to the Scionaeans 278. to the Toronaeans 274. to his Souldiers in Lyncus 282. B. to his Souldiers in Amphâ—polis 294. A. Of Nicias against the Sicilian voyage 355. againe 362. to his Souldiers 388. to his Souldiers about to fight in the great Hauen 450. B. to his Souldiers when hee rose from before Syracuse 460. B. Of Alcibiades for the Sicilian Voyage 359. against the Athenians at Lacedaemon 400. D. of Hermocrates in Syracuse 369. A at Camarina 393. A of Athenagoras 371. D. of a Syracusian Generall 374 A. of Euphemus at Camarina 396. A. Orchomenus seased by the Boeotian Outlawes 58. E. Orchomenus of Arcadia besieged by the Argiues and taken 328. B.C. Orestes King of Thessaly 58. A. Orestis of Epâ—â—us 287. B. Orestium 329. C. Orneae pulled downe 354. B. Orobiae 192. D. Oropus 96. A. taken from the Athenians by treason 503. B. P PAches killeth Hippias Captaine of the Arcadians in Notium by fraud 162. A. Paedaritus slaine 501. A. Paeonia 140. A. Paeonians 139. B. Pallas Chalciâ—cà 67. A. 71. B. Pallene 30. D. 34. C. Panactum taken by the Boeotians 291. A pulled downe and why 315. D. Panathenaea 1â— D. 320. C. Pancratium 32â— C. Palenses 98. D. Palirenses 98. D. Pangaeum 140. A. Panormus of Achaia 130. C. of Milesia 481. D. Paralia 111. A.C. Paralians 194 C. Paralus the name of a Gally 160. E. Patrae 128 C. 129. C. 323. B. Pausanias hated by the Confederates 51. B. winneth most of Cypruâ— 50. C. his insolent behauiour ibid. sent for home 50. D. his pride 68. C. driuen out of Byzantium he goeth to Colonae 69. B. his Inscription on the Tripode 69. D. his Medizing 67. C. his letter to Xerxes 67. D he conspireth with the Helotes 70. B is betrayed by an Argilian 70. C. taketh Sanctuary 71. A. his death 71. B. Peace betweene the Lacedaemonians and Athenians for 30 yeres 59. D. Peace in Sicily made by Hermocrates 247. A. Peace betweene the Lacedaemonians and Athenians for 50 yeeres 300. B not liked by the Confederates 302. D why desired by the Lacedaemonians 297. D. 298. D. crossed by the Ephores 311. D. the Peace made after the first ten yeeres Warre no Peace 305. B. broken in the Mâ—ntinean and Epidaurus Warre ibid. Pâ—gâ— 56. B. Peâ—â—â—ce 96. A. Pelasgium 92. B. Pelia 140. A. Pâ—lopiâ—es 6. C. Peloponnesus whence so called 6. B inhabited by the Doreans 8. D. Peloponnesian Warre after the Persian 50 yeeres 61. B. Peloponnesus inuaded by the Athenians 9â— B. 111. B. Peâ—â—ris 225. B. Pelâ—ps â— B. Penâ—acosâ—omedimni 153. A. Pepâ—rethus 193. A. Perdiccas King of Macedony solliciteth the Lacedaemonians to the Warre 12. B. reuolteth from the Athenians 33. B. procureth an Army out of Peloponnesus 256. B. declared by the Athenians for their enemy 257. C. betrayed by the Illyrians 281. D. flyeth out of Lyncus and deserteth Prasidaâ— 281. E. maketh Peace with the Athenians 286. B. stoppeth the passage of the Lacedaemonians through Thessaâ—â— 286. C. is barred the vse of the Sea by the Athenians and why â—40 B. Perâ—â—lis warreth on Samos 60. B. besiegeth Oeneus 58 B. descended of a Stocke that was vnder the curse for violation of Sanctuary 66. â— enemy to the Lacedaemonians 66. E. blamed by the Athenians as author of the Warre 95. A. giues his Land to the State in