Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	reign_v	son_n	year_n	8,479	5	5.6758	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16482	The trauellers breuiat, or, An historicall description of the most famous kingdomes in the world relating their situations, manners, customes, ciuill gouernment, and other memorable matters. / Translated into English.; Relazioni universali. English	Botero, Giovanni, 1540-1617.; Johnson, Robert, fl. 1586-1626.	1601 (1601)	STC 3398; ESTC S115576	135,154	186

their discipline because he keepeth them in continuall pay For as discipline rather then furie is to be wished in a soldier so in armies a few trained and experienced soldiers are more woorth then many strong huge of stature and raw The one may well be compared to eagles lions and tygres which obtaine principalitie amongst other beasts not because they exceed them in hugenes of bodies for then should they be a pray to the Elephant horse and bufall but because they excell them in swiftnes and nimblenes ioyned to the strength of their bodies Beside these things which Marke Paul writeth certaine Englishmen sayling by the Moscouite sea and the bordering regions haue pierced euen to Cathaia and haue set downe many memorable matters of this Prince whom the Moscouite termeth the Caesar of Cathay and the Turke Vlucham that is the Great Prince And not without reason for in magnificence of courts amplenes of dominion abundance of treasure number of soldiers he goeth far beyond all the kings and potentates of Asia and raigneth in such maiestie that his subiects foolishly call him the shadow of spirits and the sonne of the immortall God His word only is a law wherein consisteth life death He maintayneth iustice with admirable seueritie except for the first fault for which the offender is grieuously whipped for euerie other fault he is cut in pieces by the middle herein it should seeme they immitate the opinion of the Stoikes concerning the equalitie of offences A theefe is likewise slaine if he be not able to repay ninefold as well for a farthing as a pound The first begotten sonne is heire to the crowne and installed with these ceremonies The chiefe of their seuen tribes clothed in white which is their mourning colour as likewise of the Iapans cause the prince to sit vpon a blacke woollen cloth spred vpon the ground willing him to behold the sonne and to feare the immortall God which if he doth performe he shall finde a more plentifull reward in heauen then in earth if not that piece of blacke cloth shall scarcely be left him whereupon to rest his wearied bodie in the field besides a thousand other miseries that shall continually attend him Then set they the crowne vpon his head and the great Lords kisse his feete sweare fealtie and honour him with most rich giftes Then is his name written in golden letters and laide vp in the temples of the metropolitan citie He hath two councels the one for warre wherein twelue wise men consult the other of state matters consisting likewise of as many counsellers These manage all things belonging to ciuill gouernment rewarding the good and punishing the euill taking especiall care to see those preferred who haue done any good seruice either in warre or peace to his countrie and Emperor and others seuerely punished who haue borne themselues carelesly and cowardly in the charges committed to their discretion In these two points that is in rewarding punishing consisteth so high a policie of good gouernment that it may well be said the greatest part of the barbarous princes by these two vertues only imprint so maiestical a reuerence in the harts of their barbarous subiects For what other face of good gouernment see you in the Turke Persian Mogor or Iariff whom reward they but captaines and soldiers where vse they liberalitie but in the field amongst weapons Surely they built the foundation of their state vpon no other ground-worke nor hope for peace and qutetnes but by victorie and strong hand yea they haue no meane in disgracing base mindes and cowards and in honoring high spirits and valiant soldiers Neuer was there common wealth or kingdome that more deuised to honor and inrich the soldier then these Barbarians and the Turke more then all the rest The Tartars Arabians and Persians honor nobilitie in some good measure but the Turke rooteth out the families of Noble men and esteemeth of no man vnlesse he be a soldier committing the fortunes of the whole Empire to the direction of slaues and base borne but with an especiall consideration of their fitnes and sufficiencie Let vs returne to the Tartar and his forme of gouernment Astrologians are in great request in those prouinces for M. Paul writeth that in the citie of Cambula are fiftie thousand and when Cublay C ham vnderstood by them that that citie would rebell against him he caused another to be built neere vnto it called Taindu contayning fower and twentie miles besides the suburbs There are also great store of fortune-tellers and nigromancers in the kings palace of Xandu as also in China they are in high esteeme Ismal king of Persia enterprised few matters without their councell and it is no woonder that it carrieth such reputation in those places for betweene the Caldeans and Assirians it tooke the first originall in those countries The Turkes cannot abide it The Roman Emperors did more then once banish it and the professors thereof out of their gouernments I would to God the like might be done amongst vs Christians for it is nothing else but a branch of Paganisme To ende with the nature of this people in outward shape they are vnlike to all other people for they are broader between the eies bals of their cheeks then men of other nations be they are of meane stature hauing flat small noses little eies broad faces and eie-lids standing streight vpright swartie of complexion strong of constitution patient of extremities excellent horsemen and verie good archers And as part of the Arabians inhabite cities and are called Moores part liue in the fields and mountaines and are termed Baduini so some of these Tartars dwell in cities as the Cathaians Bochars and those of Shamarcand others wander through the plaines and are diuided into hords and they are fiue in number Zauolen●ses Cossanenses Praecopits Nagaians and Kossacks The Great Mogor IT hath beene alwaies beleeued that the territorie lying betweene Ganges and the riuer Indus hath beene euermore subiect to great and mightie Monarchs For to be silent in matters of more ancient memorie about the yeere of our Lord 1300. there raigned in the kingdome of Delos an Arabian Prince of the sect of Mahumet named Sanosaradin as Iohn Barros reporteth of so great power and strength that he enterprised the conquest of Asia Vpon which resolution forsaking those regions in which Indus and Ganges take their beginnings with a huge and mightie armie by little and little he subdued those Princes and people which did oppose against him vntill he pierced to the bounds of Canora where it beginneth at the riuer Bate aboue Chaul and stretcheth betweene Bate and the gulfe of Bengala to Cape Comorine When he had woon so large and famous a territorie resoluing to returne into Delos he left Abdessa his lieutenant in Canora This man incouraged by the victories of his master and presuming vpon his owne good fortune bereaued the Gentiles of the greater part of Canora

being denied the daughter of Vnchan in marriage he made warre vpon him and ouercomming him in battell cast him out of his kingdome After the death of Changis his successors afflicted Europe In the yeere 1212. they droue the Polosochi from the banks of the Euxine sea In the yeere 1228. they inuaded and spoiled Russia In the yeere 1241. they raced Kiouia the chiefe citie of the Rutheni and Battu their captaine wasted Polonia Silesia Morauia and Hungary Innocentius the fourth amazed with the tempest of these inuasions in the yeere 1242. sent certaine friers of the orders of Dominicke and Francis to the court of the great Cham to intreate a peace for Christendome The circuit of this Empire in the times aboue spoken of stretched from the vtmost bounds of Asia to Armenia and from Bengala to Volga yea their incursions pierced euen to Nilus and Danubius The Macedonian and Roman Empires were neuer so large But bicause they were rather runnagates then men of warre wanting politike gouernment and militarie discipline sometime ruling one prouince sometime another they rather wrought spoile and terror to the conquered nations then feare of bondage or subiection and at last seated themselues beyond the mountaine Caucasus After it became diuided into many principalities yet so that the title and maiestie of the Empire remained alwaies to the great Cham who as we said before tooke the originall of his name from the great Changis At this day this Empire reacheth from the desert Lop on the one side and the lake Kicauia on the other to that famous wall of China situate betweene 43. and 45. degrees which leadeth from mountaine to mountaine till it end at the Ocean and diuideth the Tartars from the Chinois and from the Scythian Ocean to the confines of Tipura and the bordering regions In the foresaid compasse are contained many and mightie kingdomes and many puissant prouinces as Tangut wherein are the cities Succuir and Campian built after the manner of Italie Ergimul Carazan Tebet and Caindu the chiefe cities of prouinces In the middest of the Empire is Tenduch which in the time of Paule Venetus was in the iurisdiction of Prester Iohn but now subdued by the great Cham. The greater part of the people were Christians but Nestorians the rest Mahumetans Here is the citie Cambalu the imperiall seate containing in compasse 28. miles and neere vnto it Taiduc situated vpon a lake containing in compasse 24. miles Then Xaindu the palace of the great Cham being foure square euery square containing eight miles and fower gates Within that square is another palace sixe miles square in the middest whereof are three gates towards the south and as many towards the north from whence as likewise from euery corner you may behold the imperiall pallace And within this circuit is yet an other square of one mile hauing sixe gates like the former Betweene euery wall you may see meadowes and woods and within this square is the Imperiall pallace of whose pleasures riches and magnificence neither of his chases fowlings and fishing am I able to write This whole region for the most part is very populous full of townes rich and ciuill which you may the rather beleeue first for that the Tartars choosing this for their seate and countrie beautified it with the spoiles of Asia China and that part of Europe which they harried and were neuer woon or taken from thence againe to this day next for that the prouinces are most commodiously situated for traffike and negotiation partly by reason of their admirable plaines and huge lakes amongst which are Cazaia whose waters are salt Guian Dangu Xandu Catacora partly by reason of their large riuers which with a long course do run by the prouinces of Curato Polisango Zaiton and Mccon Paul Venetus calleth it Quion A great helpe hereunto likewise is the variety of fruits and the aboundance of graine rice wooll silk hempe Reubarbe muske and excellent fine chamblets wouen of camels haire Paule writeth that it affoordeth ginger cinnomom cloues which for my part I hardly beleeue In many riuers are found graines of gold Their coine is not all of one value In Cathaia a coine is currant made of the blacke rinde of a certaine tree growing betweene the bodie and the barke This rinde being smoothed rounded tempered with a gummie substance is stamped with the image of the great Cham. In the kingdomes of Caiacan Carazan certaine sea shels are currant which some men terme Porcelline This kinde of money is frequent in many places of India and Aethiopia By this meanes the princes get vnto themselues all the gold and siluer of the prouinces which they cause to be molten and laid vp in most safe places without euer taking any thing from thence againe In like sort Prester Iohn is thought to be Lord of an inestimable treasure while he maketh graines of salt and pepper to passe for currant coine amongst his subiects They brew an excellent beuerage of rice and spices which sooner procureth drunkennesse then wine As the Arabians so they delight in sower milke or Cosimus a kinde of charmed sower mares milke very forcible to turne the braine His force consisteth first as we told you in situation in spacious territorie in magnificent cities in plentie of prouision in rich reuenues for amongst many other things he taketh the tenths of wooll silke hempe graine cattell and is absolute Lord of all but the chiefest sinewes of his state consisteth in his armed troupes which he keepeth in continuall pay and action These liue alway in the field foure or fiue miles remote from the cities Ouer and aboue their salary they are allowed to make profit of their cattell milke wooll When he goeth to warfare according to the custome of the Romanes he mustereth part of that soldierie which lyeth dispersed through the prouinces For the most part all the nations of the Tartars except the Varcheni who are not subiect to the Great Cham fight on horsebacke Their weapons are the bow and arrow which they vse as desperately in their flight as in the charge They are verie swift their tents are made of wouen wooll with which they shelter themselues from foule weather Their chiefest sustenance is milke dried in the sunne after the butter is queased out yea the blood of their horses if famine inforce They fight not pel-mel with their enimes but somtime on the front sometime on the flanke after the Parthian maner they ouerwhelme them as it were with a showre of arrowes Whosoeuer carrieth himselfe valiantly stands assured of reward and are graced with honor immunities gifts Twelue thousand horsemen are appointed for the guard of the Prince and it is said that of this kinde of force he is able to leuie a greater power then any other potentate Howsoeuer it be two things in his kingdome are woorthie consideration the one is numbers which may be imagined by the spaciousnes of his dominions the other

of their bodie as blinde lame tall bold c. This king is verie puissant in people of whom he exacteth no other tribute then the tenths of the increase of their liuely hoods For exercise and insteed of occupations they giue themselues to steale to slay their neighbours and to take them prisoners and then to barter them for horses with the merchants of Barbarie He hath vnder him many kingdomes and nations some white some blacke He is an heauie enemie to the Abessines taking away their cattell rifling their mines and leading away the people in captiuitie His horsemen ride after the Spanish manner armed with lances steeled at both ends darts and arrowes but their inrodes resemble rather robberies and garboiles then wars managed by valiant soldiers The Turke likewise on the east and the king of Adel on the southeast do cruelly vexe him for they haue curtald his large dominion and brought his prouinces into great miserie In the yeere 1558. the Turke harried the whole territorie of Bernagasso but since expulsed and tooke from Prester Iohn whatsoeuer he was Lord of vpon that sea coast especially the hauen and citie of Suaquen and Erococo in which place the mountaines betweene Abex and the red sea make a gate as it were for the traffique and carriages of the Abessines and Arabians And sithence that Bernangasso was inforced to submit himselfe to the Turkish commands to buy his peace and in name of a tribute to pay one thousand ounces of gold yeerely The king of Adel is his no lesse infestious enemie he bordereth vpon the kingdome of Fatigar and his siegniorie stretcheth alongst the red sea as far as Assum Salir Meth Barbora Pidar and Zeila Many ships come from Aden and Cambaia to Barbora with merchandise which they trucke for flesh honie wax and vittail these commodities are carried to Aden gold iuorie and such wares are sent to Cambaia the greatest part of vittail honie wax corne and fruits brought from Zeila are carried into Aden and Arabia as likewise much cattell especially sheepe hauing tailes of 25. pound weight with heads and necks all blacke the rest of their bodies all white Of these cattell there are some altogether white with turning crooked tailes as long as a mans arme and dewlaps like oxen Some of their kine haue hornes with many branches like our deere othersome haue one horne in their forehead growing backward a span and halfe long The chiefe citie of this kingdome is Arar 38. leagues distant from Zeila towardes the southeast He professeth Mahumetisme and since his conuersion he hath intitled himselfe with the sirname of Holy a●owing continuall war against the Abessine Christians and therefore he watcheth the time of the foresaid fast of fiftie daies when he entreth their territories burneth their villages taketh prisoners and then committeth a thousand other mischiefes The Abessine slaues doe often leaue their countrie and take vpon them great iournies putting themselues in the seruice of great Lords where many times by their industrie and good carriage they become high commaunders in Arabia Cambaia Bengala and Sumatra For the Mahumetan princes being all tyrants Lords of those countries which they haue forced from the Gentils to secure their estates doe neuer trust their home-bred subiects but wage strangers and slaues vnto whose fidelitie they commit their persons and the managing of all the affaires of their kingdomes And amongst all sorts of slaues the Abessine is in greatest esteeme for his faithfulnes and towardly disposition The king of Adel ouerlaieth Egypt and Arabia with these slaues which hee changeth with the Turks and princes of Arabie for armour prouision of warre and soldiers In the yeere of our Lord 1500. Claud king of Abex perceiuing himselfe inferior to Grad-Ameda king of Adel for he had vexed his land with 14. yeeres incursions forsaking the frontires retired himselfe into the inward parts of his kingdome intreating for aide of Stephen Gama viceroy of India vnder Iohn the third king of Portugall who was then in the red sea with a warlike nauie In compassion of his miseries and religion he sent him fower hundred Portugall-shot very well furnished vnder the conduct of Christopher his brother By their aide and vse of their artillerie he ouerthrew his enemies in two battels but the king of Adel obtaining of the gouernor of the citie of Zebit one thousand harquebushers and ten pieces of ordinance in the third fight put the Portugals to flight and slew their captaine Afterwards when Adel had sent away these Turkes king Claudius set vpon him at vnawares by the riuer Zeila and the mountaine Sana with eight thousand footemen fiue hundred Abessine horsemen and the remainder of the liuing Portugals one of whome gaue Grada-Amada his deaths wound But in March 1509. Claudius fighting with the Moores of Malaca gaining the victorie was slaine in the battel Adam his brother succeeded against whom being a demi-Mahumetan the greatest part of the Abessine nobilitie rebelled and was ouerthrowne in the yeere 1562. by Bernagasso By this casualtie did the Aethiopian affaires ebbe flow vntill in the raigne of Alexander things began in some sort to returne to their ancient estate by the aide of the Portugals who furnished them with weapons both offensiue and defensiue and by their examples incouraged them to be stout and couragious against their enemies All that were liuing after the defeature of Christopher Gama and all that euer went thither since that day to this doe still remaine there marrying wiues and begetting children King Alexander gaue them leaue to elect a Iusticer and to end all matters of controuersie amongst themselues which maketh them so willing to stay and to teach them the vse of their weapons the manner of our warfare and how to fortifie passages and places of importance Sithence those times Francis Medices contracting friendship with the Abessine diuers Florentines some for pleasure and some for profit haue trauelled into those prouinces wherein when they are once entred the king intreateth them so faire and giueth them so largely whereupon to liue that they can hardly obtaine licence to returne againe into their owne countries Besides these he hath other enemies as the king of Dancali whose citie and hauen is Vela vpon the red sea and the Moores of Doba a prouince diuided into foureteene Lieutenantships These people though they are accounted within the limits of the Abessine Empire yet doe they often rebell hauing a law amongst themselues that no yoong man may contract matrimonie vnlesse he can bring good proofe that he hath slaine twelue Christians Monomotapa IN the residue of Aethiop raigne diuers powerfull princes as the kings of Adel Monomugi Monomotapa Angola and Congo of which as yet we vnderstand very little But that the Reader by the description of one may coniecture of the rest I wil speake somwhat of the state policie of Monomotapa because it is mightier and more famous then the rest This kingdome containeth all that Iland which lieth between the riuers of Cuama and Spirito Santo a territorie of 150. leagues in compasse and from Spirito Santo it stretcheth euen to the Cape of Good Hope for the Vizeroys of that huge tract do acknowledge him for their soueraigne and supreme gouernour of townes villages they haue few those cottages which they haue consist of timber and t●ach One of their chiefe cities is called Zimbas and other Benema taxa the one fifteene miles the other 21. distant from Cefala towards the west The soile aboundeth with corne with cattle great and small wandring by heards through the fields and woods By the store of teeth from thence transported we may coniecture that lesse then 5000. elephants cannot but die yeerely in this countrey These beasts are here very great There is no climate like it for plentie of gold for by report there are 3000. mines whereout gold is digged gold is likewise found in the earth in rocks and riuers The mines of Manica Boro Quiticui and Toroe which some men call Butua are the richest The people are meane of stature black wel set They conuerse with the king kneeling on their knees and to sit in his presence is the vse with them as with vs to stand and that is granted but to great lords The assay of meate and drinke is not made before but after the prince hath eate and drunke Heere are no prisons because law passeth vpon the offendor in the very moment wherein the offence was committed The offences most seuerely punished are witchcraft theft and adulterie They pay no other tribute but certaine daies worke and presents without the which no man may appeere in the princes presence The king beareth in his coat of armes a certaine little spade with an Iuorie handle and two small darts He keepeth for his faithfullest guard two hundred dogs He keepeth the heires of his vassall princes to be secured of their parents loyaltie One of the kings not long sithence was conuerted and Baptized by Gonsalua Silua a Iesuite with the greater part of his courtiers but afterwards by the perswasion of certaine Moores in great credite about him he caused him to be slaine Sebastian king of Portugall offended heereat proclaimed warre against him vnder the leading of Francisco Barre●●o This armie consisted of sixeteene hundred the greatest part gentlemen to whom the Monomotapa fearing their armes and valour offered honorable conditions but the captaine whom no offer or indiffeferencie could satisfie was ouercome and his armie vtterlie consumed yet not by the enimie but by sicknes and the infectious aire of the countrey FINIS Faults escaped Page 17. lin 30. for lanciers read men at armes Page 20. lin 38. for defensible r. defeasible Page 24. lin 22. for supremacie r. soueraigntie Page 28. lin penult these words without relation to the kingly authoritie are superfluous Page 65. lin 30. for it might r. he might Page 65. lin 34. for he is immediate r. mediate he is Page 127. lin 24. for can be wanting r. cannot be wanting 1597.