Areani were found guilty in this Conspiracy who being corrupted with Rewards often discover'd the condition of the Roman Affairs to the Barbarous People Ibid. lib. 28. c. 7. Theodosius recall'd Theodosius after these Atchievements being recalled was accompanied to the Sea-side with the general Favor and Applause of all Men and passing the Sea with a gentle Gale came unto Valentinian by whom being receiv'd with much joy and affection he was made * Here to describe this Office Master of the Horse in the room of Valens Jovinus sometime afterwards Froamarius whom Valentinian had made King of the (r) They were Inhabitants of the Town and Country of Weisbaden on the North-side of the Rhene right against Ments an Appendant of the County of Nassaw or the Country thereabouts Bucino-bantes Ibid. lib. 29. c. 9. Anno Domini 374. upon fresh Excursions and Devastations made upon the new acquired Country was sent hither with power of Tribute over the Alemans which were then much valued for their Number and Courage Gratian the Eldest Son of Valentinian by Severa Gratianus Valentinianus Junior Theodosius Anno Dom. 374. growing towards a Man his Father made him his Collegue in the Empire and he succeeded him after his Death with whom Valentinian the younger his half-Brother by his Step-Mother Justina but then four years old was elected his Partner in the Empire by advice of the Council and General consent of the Army Ibid. lib. 27. c. 5. Anno Domini 37. Ibid. lib. 30. c. 12. Zosim lib. 4.751 Anno Dom. 379. Theodosius chosen Emperor by Gratian and Ruled in the East Zosim lib. 4.760 But Gratian finding his Affairs perplexed the Goths and other Barbarous People Invading the Empire on one side and the Nations upon the Rhene Infesting it on the other not thinking himself sufficient for the Administration of it after the Death of his Uncle Valens chose Theodosius Son to that Theodosius that had so bravely behaved himself in Britain to be his Consort and sharer with him in the Empire who Ruled in the East Things being in this state and condition Gratian being an easie Prince listening to Flatterers and such as are wont to corrupt and debauch the kind and mild dispositions of Princes received into his favor and into the Army certain Renegado (Å¿) People of Europaean Sarmatia and thought by some Alans Who to have Inhabited that Country which is now called Lithuania but more rightly they were Seated near the Alanian Mountains not far from the head of Tanais Alans unto whom he gave great Rewards and trusted them with the Management of his greatest Affairs neglecting at the same time his own Soldiers who for this cause began to Murmur against and hate him the Soldiers thus kindled against him especially those in Britain and excited by Maximus a Spaniard by Birth Maximus Excites the Soldiers to Sedition and fellow Soldier with Theodosius there who taking it ill that Theodosius should be thought worthy of the Empire and himself not thought fit to have any honorable Employment in the Government more and more irritated the Soldiers against Gratian and they being ripe for Sedition were easily prevailed upon to Salute Maximus Emperor Anno Dom. 381. He is Saluted Emperor Zosim Ibid. and having deliver'd him the Imperial Diadem and Purple they forthwith passed the Sea with him to the Mouth of the River Rhene the Armies in Germany and the Neighbor Nations with much satisfaction approving the Design Gratian prepares to suppress this Rebellion and Fight Maximus but being deserted by the Army he had gather'd together seeing his Affairs desperate he fled with 300 Horse toward the (t) Mountains that separate Germany and France from Italy Alpes and from thence through (u) Singidunum rather a City of Upper Moesia seated upon the Danube Six Leuâ—s Eastward from Taurinum or Belgrade now called Zendorin of the Greeks Simedro and in Modern Latin Semandria Rhaetia Noricum Pannonia toward (x) Then the Second City of Italy and Chief of the Carni now Aquilegia seated on the North-East part of the Top of the Gulfe of Venice and in that Dukedom Upper Moesia whether being pursued by Andragathius Master of Maximus his Horse passing the Bridge at (y) They were Northern People Vandals Whence Sheringhâ—m de Orig. Angl. 210. Ibidem who came out of Scythia from about the Lake Maeotis and River Tanais c. and were of Gothic original they were called Vandals from the word Wandelen signifying to Wander or rove up and down because they often changed their places of abroad at last they fixed upon and near the Coasts of the Baltic Sea toward Germany which from them with many other North-East Countries adjoyning was called Vandalia aâ— Meckleburgh Pomerania Polonia Silesia c. Sigisdunum Gratian slain he was overtaken and slain Theodosius at the Instance of Justina Mother to Valentinian Anno Dom. 3â—3 prepares to encounter Maximus whose Army being defeated in Pannonia he fled to Aquileia Theodosius Major Valentinianus Secundus Honorius Arcadius Anno Dom. 383 c. where he was taken deliver'd to Theodosius and presently put to Death and to young Valentinian was restored whatsoever his Father or his Brother Gratian had possessed The Scots and Picts taking advantage when the Army and the Flower of the British Youth was transported by Maximus most of which were either slain An. Dom. 388. Zosim lib. 4.769 770. Young Valentinian restored Gildas c. 11. The Scots and Picts invade Britain They Waste it Socrat. Hist lib. 7. c. 12. or seated themselves in Amorica now Britanie in France miserably spoiled and wasted the Province for the opposing and reducing of whom Chrysanthus the Son of Marcian Bishop of Constantinople was made Vicar in the British Isle who behaved himself worthily and with great praise but whether he totally subdued these Northern Enemies or whether Stilicho who was by Theodosius appointed Tutor and Governor to Honorius after his Death or some other sent by him as Claudian seems to affirm reduced them it no where it appears not long after the Empire being distressed the Legion for this purpose sent into Britain was recalled Chrysanthus sent to repress them and Stilicho Claud. Paneg. 2. de laud. Stilich Anno Dom. 395. The Legion sent with them recalled The Vandals c. Invade Gallia and Germany Zosim lib. 6.824 825. They Affright the British Forces Anno Domini 409. They Mutiny and set up Marcus Gratianus and Constantin successively He transports the British Army into Gallia Soâ—omen lib. â— c. 15. Constantin taken Anno Dom. 413. and put to Death Aâ—â—icola intrâ—ceth Pelagâ—anisme into Britain An. Dom. 429. Bede lib. 1. c. 17. and the (z) Sueves Whence People of the same Origin with the Vandals so named from the Word Schweben of the same signification with Wandelen and might be the same People under divers Names for they are also affirmed by very good
not thought it a Burthen and at first these sort of Men were forced upon this kind of Privilege or Birth-right as appears in the Glossary to my Introduction c. f. 6â— 63 64. And further if these men had been so considerable then or there had been any numbers of such what need was there in these times to summon the Lords [5] See the Glossary to my Introduction f. 57. B. c. Reeve or Baily who was commonly no other than one of the best sort of his [6] See the Glossary here in the word Praepositus or Reeve Villans or Bondmen and four Men of every Town to make answer in Pleas of the Crown in Turns and in Pleas of the Forest with Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls Barons Knights Free-tenants that is Tenants in Military Service that were not Knights which had Lands and Tenements within the Bounds of the Forest in the County where they summoned I say if these had been Men of any note or there had been any number of them what need other Persons to have been summoned after all the Free-holders that had Lands in the Forest c. Thirdly In an [7] Coke â—â—stitut f. â—94 b. Attaint brought against a Petty Jury for a false Verdict in these times and the Fact proved and found They were to forfeit all their Goods and Chattels their Lands and Tenements were to be taken into the Kings Hands Their Houses were to be Demolished their Trees digged up by the Roots and their Meadows ploughed up Surely these were men of more considerable Estates that were presumed to have Meadows and Timber or Trees upon their Lands than the ordinary Free Socagers of those times or the Free-holders of ours that can Swear for a Friend that a Shed or a House with a Chimney worse than a Shed and a Rod or half an Acre of Hempland with one Pear-tree or Apple-tree upon it is worth forty Shillings a year Having considered the Quality of our Ancient Free-men and ordinary Free-holders I shall consider what Liberties were contended for in these times who contended for them and who were capable of them or could receive the Benefit of them And how or in what manner they were claimed I take it for granted that it will not be denyed that Magna Charta was the summ of the Liberties desired and how that was obteined I refer the Reader to the Reign of King John Kingâ— Edwards Law The Factious Bishops and Church-men and the Seditious and Dissolute Barons made a noise for King Edwards Laws But what they were it is now a hard matter to know Those put forth under his Name with Mr. Lambards Saxon Laws were none of his they are an incoherent Farce and mixture and a heap of non-sence put together by some unskilful Bishop Monk or Clerc many years after his Death to serve the Ends and Designs of the present Time In the 11th Law Tit. de Danegeldo there is the Story of Duke Roberts pawning of Normandy to his Brother Rufus toward the latter end of his Reign when he made his Voyage into the Holy Land In the 35th Law Tit. de Greve there seems to be a Reference to the Assise of Arms made in King [8] Hoved. f. 350. a. n. 30. Henry the Second's time in the whole Rude Mass the words Comites Barones Milites Servientes Serviâ—ium Villanus Catalla Manutenere and many other Norman words are to be found All these are pregnant Arguments they were framed after the Conquest And of this Opinion was Sir Henry Spelman [9] Glossar f. 68. Col. 1. In legibus Edwardi Confessoris Baro saepe occurit sed has ipsas nobis porrexit Normannus Quispiam nam pluribus aliis dictionibus scatent Normanicis In the Laws of Edward the Confessor the word Baro often occurs but these some Norman contrived for us for they abound with other Norman words There is another * Sir Ed. Coke says William the Conqueror composed the summ of these into a Magna Charta which was the Ground Work of all those that followed Preface to his 8. Report Copy of these Laws which Ingulph says he brought with him to his Monastery of Croyland The ordinary men received not much advantage by these unless to be severely punished for their Transgressions and bound to servitude was a Benefit What these Laws were and how adapted to the Liberty of the ordinary Free-men see my Answer to Argumentum Antinormanicum f. 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261. The first direct demand of these Laws was when Henry the First made a wheadling [1] Mat. Paris f. 55. n. 20. Speech to the Clergy and Great Men to perswade them to consent to his usurpation upon his Brother Robert who then told him That if he would Confirm by his Charter the Laws and Liberties that flourished in the Kingdom in Holy King Edwards time they would consent he should be King To which he agreed And then says the 2 Monk he granted the Liberties under-written to be observed in the Kingdom for the Exaltation of Holy Church and the Peace of the People which Charter is to be found in the [3] N. 102 fol. 119. Appendix intire and it was perfectly a Relaxation of some severities which had been here introduced into the General Feudal Law of Europe and nothing else and none but a Tenant in Military Service his Widow or Children could take any advantage by it All the Witnesses to this Charter were Great Normans and I remit my Reader to the Translation and what I have said of it in the same [4] F. 265 266 267 268 269. Answer to Argumentum Antinormanicum This Charter Henry the Second confirmed in the first or second year of his Reign by a Charter of his [5] Append. n. 40. and fol. 40. which see own which being short I will here Translate and the rather because it shews us to what Persons he granted this Confirmation â— Henry by the Grace of God King of England c. to his Barons and Feudataries * See Angli Anglici in the Glossary to my Introduction c. And Feudarii and Fideles there French and * See Angli Anglici in the Glossary to my Introduction c. And Feudarii and Fideles there English Greeting Know ye that to the Honour of God and of Holy Church I have Granted and Restored and by this my present Charter have Confirmed to God and Holy Church and to all Earls and Barons and to all my [6] See there f. 66. lin 1. Vassals or [6] See there f. 66. lin 1. Tenants all those Customs that is Laws which my Grandfather Gave and Granted to them in like manner also those evil Customs or Laws which he Remitted and Abolished I do Remit and Grant they shall be Abolished for Me and my Heiâ—s wherefore I will and firmly Command that Holy Church and all Earls and Barons and all my Tenants may have and hold freely
it was an Island In the beginning of the Summer following An. Dom. â—5 There c. 29.461 Agricola sent his Navy before to lie upon the Coasts with order to Land some time in one place some time in another and so to distract and terrifie the Britains while he himself with an expedite Army in which were some of the most Valiant Britains such as by long experience he had found faithful Marched on to the Mountain Grampius (g) Gramp-Hill now Grantzbain begins not far from Grahames Dyke Northwards There being a crooked bending Mountain extending into Athol and Murray where the Britains above 30000 were Lodged who yet increased by the Affluence of stout young Men and also of such old Men as were vigorous and lusty and had been long practised in War amongst whom Galgacus by Birth and Merit a Person of the best Conduct Galgacus General of the Caledonians There c. 30. by whose Oratory in Detestation of Servitude their Courage was much heightned which before was forward and vigorous enough and as a testimony of the Impression it made upon them they received it with Loud and Barbarous Titus Flavius Domitianus An. Dom. 46 87 c. yet Chearful Acclamations and Shouts Agricola likewise although he saw a great forwardness and alacrity in his Soldiers to engage the Enemy yet incited them with an incouraging Oration There c. 33.462 to Victory and Glory while he yet spake they ran to their Arms and longing to fight he thus disposed them The Main Battle consisted of 8000 Auxiliary Foot the Wings of 3000 Horse the Legions he placed behind next the Trench of the Camp to make good the Victory if it were obtained without Roman Blood or as a Reserve if the Auxiliaries should be Beaten The first Battalion of the Britains stood in the Plain the rest upon the Ascent of the Hill the middle of the Field was filled with Chariots and Horsemen clattering and ranging up and down Agricola seeing them so much to out-number him drew out his Army at length There c. 35.463 c. and leaving his Horse Marched before it on Foot the Battle was sharp and doubtful until he commanded Three Cohorts of (h) They Inhabited part of Holland about Leyden and also other part of it and Gelderland between the Rhene and the Waal now de Betowe Batavians and Two of (i) Tungri or Germans they Inhabited the Bishopricks of Liege and Colon the Dukedomes of Julâ—ers and Limburgh the County of Namurs and part of the Dukedome of Lutzenburgh Tungrians used to that kind of Fight to come to handy-strokes yet by Art and Valor the Britains made good the Fight a long time and often hazarded the Roman Army The Caledonians and Britains totally defeated at length by the great conduct of Agricola they were miserably routed and by a hot and home pursuit were totally defeated about 10000 of the Britains were slain of the Romans 340. The Britains being dispersed both Men and Women together howling and crying drew with them their Wounded forsaking their Houses There c. 38.464 and in Spight Firing them seeking Lurking places abroad in the Woods and Mountains some killing their Wives and Children out of Compassion to prevent a more cruel violence from their Enemies The Night ended the pursuit and the next day more fully discover'd the greatness of the Victory Desolation and silence every where the smoak of the fired Houses appeared afar off no Sallies out of the Woods no Shiring upon the Mountains the Scouts met no Man Summer being spent the General Marched his Army into the (k) The Horesti or Horesci Camb. Brit. 691. There 210. Inhabited as Cambden conjectures Esk-Dale in Scotland adjoyning to Anandale so Named from the River Eske which runs into Solway Frith Horestians Country where having received Hostages he commanded his Admiral to Sail about Britain while himself with slow Marches that they might with more terror awe the Countries newly reduc'd by this delay leads both Horse and Foot into their Winter Camps Britain Compassed and the Fleet by a Prosperous Voyage compassed the Isle and arrived at Port (l) Thought to be Rhutupia near Sandwich in Kent now Richborowe Trutulensis from whence it set out Thus the whole Isle of Britain being Conquer'd and the South-part of it reduc'd into a Province There c. 39.465 Agricola represents to Domitian the State of Britain Agricola drew up the State of Affairs here and Modestly represented them by Letters to Domitian the Emperor who after his manner received them with a Chearful Countenance but was inwardly troubled at the great Fame of Agricola and tormented with envy at his Military Glory Titus Flavius Domitianus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius Anno Domini 119 c. he privately designed his Ruin although for the present he commanded the Senate to Decree him Triumphal Ornaments and Statua and what else was usual or Extraordinary in such cases but sending Salustius Lucullius his Successor Britain was deliver'd up to him in a good and peaceable condition Domitian the meanwhile pretending that Syria then wanting a Governor Agricola Recalled There c. 40. should be Assign'd to Agricola however whether he meant so or not he never lived to enjoy that Province Dying soon after There c. 43.466 not without suspicion of Poyson His Successor left little Memory of himself in Britain where he remained but a short time for by Domitians order he was put to Death because he suffered certain Spears of a new Fashion Suet. Dom. c. 10.799 to be called after his own Name Lucullians Domitian being slain Anno Dom. 98. Anno Dom. 98. Nerva Coccejus was Saluted Emperor but there are no certain Memoirs left by any Authors what was done here in his time nor is there much extant in Story what was done in Britain by the Romans in Trajans time who succeeded him only some Authors Write that the Britains out of a desire to Free themselves made an Insurrection but were soon repressed Hadrianus being Proclaimed Emperor received intelligence Anno Dom. 119. that the Northern Britains made Incursions into the Province and sent thither Julius Severus but before he could subdue and quiet them he was recalled to suppress some Jewish Commotions in Syria and the Emperor himself came with an Army into Britain where he encountered the Barbarous People of the North recovered such Forts as they had taken and forced them to retire into the Mountains and Woods when Anno Dom. 123. Fortifying the Limits of the Province with a Wall of Turfes and Stakes (m) This Wall was extended from the Irish to the German Sea it began hard by Buâ—ness and passing over Ituna or Eden now Solway-Frith and so by Carlisle Camb. Brit. 653. There 668. ended at Walsend about three Miles from Newcastle upon Tine or perhaps went as far as the Promontory or Tinmouth it was called the Picts or Hadrians Wall 80 Miles in length
to defend the Inhabitants thereof from the sudden Assaults of their ill Neighbors Hadrians Wall Spartian in Hadr. c. 11.51 he returned Triumphantly to Rome for this Exploit he was called the Restorer of Britain which as a Motto was Stamped upon his Coyn. The Provincial Britains The Provincial Britains conform to the Roman Laws now fearing as much the Cruelty of their Northern Countrymen as formerly the Invasion of Strangers conformed themselves to the Roman Laws as well Civil as Martial under the direction of Priscus Licinius then Pro-praetor Hadrian was succeeded by Antoninus Pius Anno Domini 139. Antoninus Pius Capitolin in Anton. Pio. c. 5.132 His Wall whose Lieutenant Lollius Vrbicus beat the Brigantes and having driven back and removed the Barbarous Northern People built another (n) Between Dunbritton and Edinburgh-Frifth commonly thought to be built by Severus but was built by Lollius Rebicus Lieutenant to Antoninus Pius and ought truly to be called Antoninus Pius his Wall There 699. Wall of Turves for these two Expeditions of Lollius he was called Britanicus although he never saw Britain himself Marcus Aurelius Antonius Verus Philosophus and Lucius Verus Lucius King of some part of Britain Livius Aelius Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Anno Dom. 119 c. After him Marcus Aurelius possessed the Empire with his Associate Lucius Verus and Calphurnius Agricola was constituted Lieutenant of the Province of Britain who partly by his Prudence and partly by Force appeased the Northern Tumults and setled the Minds of those People who were the most impatient of the Roman Yoke He Dying his Son Commodus was invested in the Empire About this time 't is said that King Lucius apply'd himself to Eleutherius Bishop of Rome that by his Assistance and Direction he and his Nation might be instructed in the Christian Faith Marcus Aurelius Anno Dom. 162. Capitol in Aurel. c. 8.169 Commodus Anno Dom. 181. Concil 12 13 14 35. De Primord c. 3. de Praesul c. 3. Who Wrote back to him an Epistle and sent Phagatius or Fugatius Diruvianus Duvianus or Damianus hither by whom Archbishops and Bishops were appointed and Consecrated in the Seats of Archflaminsus and Flamins which Epistle and Tale of Archflamins Flamins c. Sir Henry Spelman clearly argues of Forgery they are also rejected by Archbishop Vsher and Bishop Godwin upon very good grounds and reasons there expressed More consonant to Truth and Reason it is That Christianity spreading it self and much Increasing in so many years after its appearing here in Britain and in the Territories of King Lucius if any such Man there was and being a Profession sober simple plain and free from Pagan Dotages their Foolish Rites and Groundless Superstitions and probably then also being taken up by Sober grave wise and Learned Men he likewise embraced it and with him his whole Court and People yet it may not be improbable that he sent to Rome if there were any such King in Britain it being then the most Celebrated Place for the Profession of Christianity and to Eleutherius or some Bishop of that City for a Correspondency in the Affairs of Religion and to know the usages Doctrine and practise of it there but that he should Write back such an Epistle as this no Judicious Man will believe Authors differ in assigning the time of this Transaction Bede would have it An. Dom. 156. Malmesbury 166. Matth. Westminster 185. others 182.167 c. Anno Dom. 186. Dio lib. 72.820 Amongst all others the most troublesom War to Commodus was the British for the Northern Britains having broken down and passed the Wall placed between them and the Roman Camp surprized and killed the General and most of the Soldiers and wasted the Province far and near Marcellus Lieutenant The Emperor affrighted with this action sent against them Vlpius Marcellus a Man sober vigilant magnanimous mild and temperate against Bribes impregnable he soon made an end of this War which at first appeared so formidable and sufficiently Chastised the Britains for their Revolt Chastiseth the Britains he revived the lost Discipline of War for want of which the Army grew Licentious for this good Service and for his Virtues sake Commodus could scarce abstain from putting him to Death yet upon better thoughts he only discharged him from his Imployment He is Dismissed After he left the Isle the Roman Army began to Mutiny and refused to acknowledge Commodus for their Emperor which Disorders Perennis his great Favorite to whom he permitted the Care and Management of the whole Affair of the Empire undertook to Redress by Menacing the Soldiers and removing of Officers and placing others of less note and worth in their steads Livius Aeliuâ— Aurelius Commodus Antoninus An. Dom. 182 183 c. In this heat the Legions chose 1500 Soldiers and sent them to Rome who without any trouble or prohibition came unto Commodus and exhibited an accusation of Treason against Perennis for Conspiring against him and designing to make his own Son Emperor There 821. He easily believ'd it especially at the instance of Cleander who hated him and being declared Traitor was deliver'd to the Soldiers who first Scourged and then Killed him He being slain Commodus by Letters Anno Dom. 188. Capitol in Pertina c. 3.301 Pertinax Succeeds him And craves Dismission sollicites Helvius Pertinax to undertake the Charge of Britain and being come thither he suppressed the Sedition and deterred the Soldiers who would rather have had any other Emperor especially Pertinax himself in this attempt he underwent a great danger being almost slain and left amongst the Dead which Seditious action he severely Revenged and then craved leave of Dismission After him by the Command of Commodus Clodius Albinus made Governor Capit. in Albin c 13 14 403. Anno Dom. 192. Clodius Albinus had the Government of the Province assigned to him and by him also was honor'd with the Title of Caesar but he declin'd it and afterwards declar'd openly his affection to the Antient Government by the Senate in an Oration he made to the Soldiers upon a false Report of the Death of Commodus commending and preferring the same before that of the Emperors which Oration being carried to Rome so exasperated Commodus that he presently sent Junius Severus his Successor who whether he stayed or what he did here is uncertain Commodus not long after being Strangled by Narcissus Commodus Murther'd Anno Dom. 195. Herod lib. 2.56 and the Reigns of Pertinax and Didius Julianus being very short Albinus was found again in the Head of the Army in Britain in the beginning of Severus which he Transported against him into Gallia afterwards where near (o) Lyons in France Lugdunum he was encountred by Severus his Forces defeated and himself slain Severus There 69 70. There 71. he divided Britain into two Governments or Praefectures the South part was committed as may be thought to Heraclianus or
Heraclitus as Spartian and the North part to Virius Lupus where the Meatae Spart in Sev. c. 6.339 Dio. lib. 75. (p) The Inhabitants of Northumberland and the Lower parts of Scotland near Hadrians Wall assisted by the (q) The Inhabitants of the North parts of Scotland Maeatae Caledonians Camb. Brit. 701. beyond Antoninus Pius his Wall attributed to Severus now commonly called Grahames-Dike Caledonians withstood him and forced him to purchase Peace with Money Not long after the Emperor was informed by Letters from the Prefect of Britain Virius Lupus That the Barbarous People Herod lib. 3.82 by Incursions wasted the Country and that there was need of a greater Force or his Presence to repel them Severus goes into Britain Severus joyfully receives this News and being naturally desirous of Glory after his Victories in the East he prepares to erect Trophies in Britain and besides to take off his Sons whom he carried with him from the Pleasures of Rome Aged as he was and much afflicted with the Gout There 83. being for the most part carried in a Horse-Litter yet came thither sooner then he was expected The Northern Britains daunted at his coming and the Forces brought with him as also with other great preparations against them sent Ambassadors to seek Peace and to excuse their former Delinquency Severus Antoninâ—s Bassianus Caracalla c. Geia c. But he purposely delaying them being ambitious of Victory and the Name of Britannicus while he prepared all things for War and then dismissed and sent them home with an ineffectual Answer Anno Dom. 209. Severus desires the Name of Britannicus Herod lib. 3.83 Dio. lib. 76. His first care was to lay Bridges over the Bogs and Morasses that his Soldiers might stand firmly pass easily and fight safely and having Marched his Army beyond the Rivers Bulwarks and Rampiers which distinguished the Roman Limits from the Barbarous Britains or into Caledonia as Dio there were many Tumultuary Fights and Skirmishes the Romans being every where Victors but the Britains easily saved themselves by retreating into their Fastnesses There lib. 76.867 His great Labor to Conquer the Britains Q. How these two Reports agree amongst the Woods and Bogs almost naked yet Dio reports this Expedition into Caledonia somewhat otherwise and says That he passed thorough it with great difficulty and that to make his way he cut down Woods digged through Hills made Causeways over Bogs and Fens and Bridges over Rivers that there was no Fight or Battle nor did the Enemy ever draw out upon them or appear in a Body they only sometimes turned out some Sheep and Oxen thereby drilling the Romans into Ambushes by which means and by reason of the Difficulty of the March many being killed by themselves that were not able to continue it there died Fifty Thousand yet did not Severus give over till he came to the utmost parts of the Isle although by reason of his Age and Weakness he was carried in a Horse-Litter forcing the Britains to make their Peace The Britains yield up part of their Country and make Peace Burton upon Anton. Itener 63. Severus Repairs Hadrianus Wall Spart in Sev. c. 18.355 Camb. Brit. 652. There 868. by yielding up a great part of their Country Conditioning also to lay down their Arms to contein themselves within their own Mountains and that they would make no Inroads or Invade the Roman Province which he had by the help of the Sixth Legion Bounded and Fortify'd with a Stone Wall of 12 Foot high and 8 Foot Thick with Towers and Battlements in the same place and Tract of Ground where Hadrians Wall was and drew it from Sea to Sea from whence he was called Britanicus the Ruines of which Cambden viewed When he returned into the Province he committed the Government thereof for Civil Causes to his youngest Son Geta Aemilius Paulus Papinianus the Famous Lawyer being appointed to assist and direct him Zosin lib. 1.6 Papinianus appointed Governor to Geta. who as Chief Minister of Justice under him had his Tribunal at (r) The City of York Histor August varior 745. which was the Station of the Beloved Legion of Severus called Sexâ—a Vectrix Eboracum To Bassianus Antoninus the Eldest he commits the Command of the Army But no sooner was Severus come from amongst them but the Britains Arm again wherefore he calls together his Soldiers Commands they should Invade them Severus Voweth Anno Dom. 212. and kill Man Woman and Child yet before his Commands were executed worn out with Labors Old Age Infirmities and Grief for the wickedness of his Son Antonine he died at Eboracum Herod lib. 3.85 After whose Death Antoninus Caracalla his Impious Son put to Death the Physitians because they dispatched not his Father according to his Commands Caracalla his Cruelty nor did his Cruelty spare any one that had been advanced by or shewn any respect or honor to his Father he practised by Bribes and Promises with the Soldiers Antoninus Bassianus Caracalla c. and Geta c. Divus Aurelianus Aurelius Probus Carinus Dioclesian and Maximianus An. Dom. 209 271 278 c. to declare him sole Emperor which when he could not effect for the kindness and affection they had for his Father who had appointed his Brother Geta equal with him in the Empire he made Peace with the Britains received Hostages and departed to Rome From this time of his leaving the Island all Authors are silent concerning what was done here for many years together only 't is thought some of the 30 (Å¿) So they called all the Chiefs and Leaders of Rebels Tyrants as Lollianus Victorinus Posthumus the Tetrici and Marius in the Reign of Gallienus might Usurp the Government here where their Coyns have been found in great quantities In the time of Aurelianus Proculus and Bonosus at Agrippina Camb. Brit. 50. (t) Colonia Agrippina Colon upon the Rhene in Germany the Chief City of that Electorate Invaded the Empire and Usurped Britain Spain and (u) Afterwards called Gallia Narbonensis it contained those parts of France which are now called Languedoc Savoy Dauphine or Delphinate and Provence Britan. 50. Gallia braccata The latter of whom being overcome and vanquished by Probus hanged himself and gave the occasion of the Jest An. Dom. 265. An. Dom. 271. c. Vospic in Probo c. 18.942 Probus Idem in Bonoso c. 15.971 Zosin lib. 1.36 That there was a Pitcher hanged up not a Man he being noted for his excessive Drinking After that Probus by the means of Victorinus a Moor prevented another Rebellion in Britain for calling to him Victorinus he upbraided him with the Seditious Practises of him whom he had recommended to him for (x) Thought by Cambden to be Coâ— Lalianus Governor of Britain and sent Victorinus to Correct him who by a witty Stratagem not mentioned by the Author slew the Traytor Ibid. lib.
Picts Whence Camb. Britt fol. 82. Scots Whence Brit. fol. 86. Ambiani to the (i) Triers or as the French call it Treves seated upon the Mosell and is the Seat of an Archbishop and one of the Electors of the Empire Treviri he received a sad and astonishing Message That the (k) They were called Picts quasi Pictâ— from the Provincial Latin which was then much used on the South-side of the Wall in the Roman Province and were no other then the Britains who still Painted their Bodies as before the Provincial Britains had done from whence they also had their British Name and who inhabiting on the North side of the Wall made War upon the Romans Picts (l) They were called Scots Scytes or Seuiâ— as Cambden conjectures having had as other Nations their Original from Scythiae Histor Eccles lib. 1. c. 1.22 and lib. 2. cap. 4. Topogra Hiber c. 16.7 â— Camb. Brit. fol. 90. Attacots Lib. 2. Contra Jovianum they came first out of Ireland into Scotland as Bede Reports and out of the Province of Vlster as Giraldus Cambrensis says and setled themselves amongst the Britains and Picts in the West part of Scotland which did not presently obtain this name but in process of time when more of these Scots now properly the Highlanders came to them until they out-numbred and almost destroyed the Picts and the Kingdom of Northumberland also being wasted by the Danes fell into their hands The North parts of Britain received its Names from the Scots Scots and (m) 'T is doubtful whether they were Strangers or Inhabitants of some part of the Isle happily they might be wild and Mountanous Britains whatever they were they exceeded in Barbarity for St. Hierome says That when he was a young Man being in France he see them eate Mans flesh Attacots from the North together with the Francs and Saxons who were the most feared Invading the South-Coasts over against Gallia had harassed and with Fire and Sword destroy'd and ruin'd almost all Britain That they had Kill'd Nectaridius the Count or Comes of the Sea-Coast and surprized Buchobaudes Duke of Britain and General of his Land Forces by a Stratagem after he had to no purpose Ibid. lib. 27. c. 7. Picts Scots c. Invade the Province Nectaridius Slain Buchobaudes Surprized first sent Severus then Jovinus to suppress the Fury Violence and Incursions of these People The Necessities of Britain requiring a greater Assistance at last he sent Theodosius a Man of known Valor and Experience who was made Duke of Britain and with an Army of stout Young Men selected out of the Legions and Cohorts Lands at Rutupiae from whence with the (n) The Inhabitants of part of Holland and Gelderland chiefly between the Rivers Wale and Rhene they were Originally Germans and excellent Horsemen Batavians (o) People habiting about the Lake Mootis Ferrar. Lex removing from thence into Paâ—onia which contained Hungary part of Bosnia Sclavâ—nia Istria Carnâ—ola c. and thence into Lombardy in Italy or out of Scardinavia which contained Norway Swedeland Poland and part of Denmark c. as Dymonius Herulians and other Forces that followed him he Marches to London afterwards called Augusta and dividing his Army into several Bodies sets upon the Roving Theodosius Proprâ—tor Ibid. lib. 27. c. 7. London called Augusta The Scots and Barbarous Nations overcome Pillaging Enemy laden with Spoil from whom recovering the Plunder and Prisoners they had carry'd away he restores all to the Right Owners save a small Portion he gave to his wearied Soldiers and enters London Triumphantly having scatter'd their whole Force Valentinianus Primus and Valens 364 c and Proclaiming Impunity to such as deserted the Roman Service and Government they most returned to obedience Yet the Enemy being numerous of many Nations and in diverse Parties Anno Domini 365. he sent for to his assistance Civilis to be Vicar an able and upright Man and Dulcitius a Famous Captain to be Duke Theodosius having thus overcome and vanquished these many sorts of People and being imploy'd in repairing the ruin'd Castles and Cities and in laying the foundation of a firm Peace one Valentinus a Panonian Zosim lib. 4.742 Am. Marcell lib. 28. c. 7. a Man of a haughty spirit who was for some great Fault Banish'd into Britain with other Exiles and Soldiers Conspir'd against him as the only bar to his Design of obtaining the Government of the Isle who being discover'd with some few others that were most strictly joyned with him in the forming this Conspiracy were deliver'd to the Duke Dulcitius to be put to Death others he permitted to be quiet not making too severe an Inquisition into this Confederacy where many were ingaged left by this way of proceeding he might have increased the danger Am. Marcell lib. 28. c. 7. After this he Corrects many things out of order repairs Cities places Garrisons and strengthens the Castles and Limits of the Province with sufficient Watches and Praetentures or Forefences And thus having recover'd that part of the Province which was under the Power of the Enemy he reduc'd it to its former State and Government and from that time according to the pleasure of Valentinian it was called (p) The Division of Britain by the Romans Britannia Prima Britannia Secunda Britannia Flavia Câ—sariensis Britannia Maxima Caesariensis Camb. Brit. 111. Valentia Vpper Britain c. Lower Britain c. Vetturiones Maeatae Caledonii It was Customary with the Romans when they Conquer'd any Kingdom to give it new Names and divide it into several Portions or Provinces according to the Will of the Conqueror All the South Country between the Rivers Thames and Severn was called Britannia Prima because it was first Invaded and Conquer'd by the Romans Wales was called Britannia Secunda because next subdued All that Tract of land between the Rivers Thames Severn and Humber was called Britannia Flavia Caesariensis from Flavius Theodosius Augustus the Son of Theodosius and before it had this Name from him was part of Maxima Casariensis which after his time only contained all the Country between Humber and Tine or Hadrians Wall and was called so because it was the greatest part of the Conquer'd Country before Britannia Flavia was taken out of it And Lastly all that Country between Hadrians or Severus his Wall and Grahams Dike or Antonines Wall between Edinburgh and Dunbritton Frithâ— was called Valentia Britain was also by Dio divided in Citeriorem vel superiorem which contained these parts here described Inferiorem Barbaram vel ulteriorem which contained the Vetturiones whose Country the Picts or Maeatae possessed and the Caledonli whose Countrey the Scots the Conquerors of the Picts c. first Invaded and seized Valentia the (q) Certain Speculators or Scouts who were always coursing up and down in the limits of the Province to observe and discover the Motions and Approaches of the Enemy
Authors to have Inhabited Meckleburgh Pomerania c. they likewise possessed that part of Germany beyond the Danube which is now called Suevia and Sachwaben Vandals * Sueves and Alans having passed the Alpes harassed and destroyed the Nations on this side of them with so great a slaughter as they became very formidable to the Forces in Britain who fearing to be Invaded in a Sedition they place Marcus then Deputy as may be thought in the Throne and Subject themselves to him who not pleasing their humor they presently Kill bringing forth Gratianus Municeps and putting upon him the Crown and Purple placing also about him the Guards of a Prince yet after Four Months him also they Dethrone and take away his Life and then they choose Constantin a common Soldier thinking his Name Ominous and sufficient only to preserve the Empire he with the Army and whole British Power passed into Gallia where by the assistance of Edobec a Franc and Gerontius a Britan and by good words and flattery he reconciled to him the whole Force there and obtained all that Country as far as the Alpes But having disoblig'd Gerontius he took as much pains to throw him down as he had done to set him up exciting all his own and the Enemies of the Empire against him who being Besieg'd in Arles finding his condition hopeless turned Priest to save his Life where being taken he was sent into Italy and in his way thither put to Death having played the Emperor about Four years At this time when both the Nation and People were in such great Distraction and Confusion Agricola Disciple to Pelagius a Monk sometime of Bangor in Flintshire propagated his Heresie here to the Disturbance of the weak Christians who not able to withstand his Errors called in to their Assistance some years after Germanus Bishop of Auxerre and Lupus Bishop of Troyes in France who by their Preaching in open Fields and High-ways and Disputations in a great Concourse of People both Spectators and Judges this Heresie was well nigh extinguished The Empire now declining Honorius Theodosius Junior Valentinianus Tertius Anno Dom. 414 420 c. and most of the Soldiers being Transported out of Britain into other parts of it by the Tyrants Maximus and Constantin when they set up for Emperors The Britains after the example of the (a) People of Gallia Celtica which lay between and was bounded with the two Rivers Celts Who. Seyn upon which Paris is Seated and Scheid which slides by Antwerp in Brabant or as Magnus and some others that part of Gallia which was called Lugdunensis between the Rivers Loyre and Sein and contained Britain Normandy Anjou Main the Isle of France Champaigne both the Burgundies Lionnoys c. as they are now termed Celts and other Nations by little and little made a Defection from the Romans laying aside their Laws and living according to their own Institution who taking Arms left no way unattempted to free themselves from the danger of the Barbarians Anno Domini The British Forces twice Transported Zosim lib. 6.827 The Britains Revolt Permitted by Honorius Zosim lib. 6.830 and not improbably without the permission and consent of Honorius who seems to discharge them of their Obedience when he Wrote Letters to them That they should provide for and Manage their own Affairs This Revolt of the Britains was pusht forward by the Irruption of the Vandals into Spain the Alans into Portugal the Goths into Italy and the taking of Rome by Alaric Yet not long after Anno Domini 414. The Britains Petition Honorius for assistance Anno Domini 420. Paul Diac. Miscel lib. 14. c. 4. being infested and horribly oppressed by the Picts and Scots they send to Rome and with Tears Petition Honorius for Assistance against their Enemies Promising a firm Subjection if but once more they might be Repelled To whose aid forgetting all former Injuries he sent a Legion under the Command of Victorinus which with a mighty slaughter drove the Britains Enemies out of their Country but being Remanded at their departure they ordered them to Build a Wall * (b) That is between the Friths of Edinburgh and Dunbritan as Bede interprets them whereof the East Bede lib. 2. c. 12. Camb. Brit. 690. See before in Constantin or Edinburgh hath in the middle of it the City Guidi now the Island Keith and the West Frith hath seated upon it the City Alcluith now Dunbrittan between the Seas beyond the Island which being made of Turfe by the unskilful People and without any experienc'd Director Gildas 25. N. 12 13 14 15 16 17. proved of little use to them For the Legion was no sooner passed the Sea with Triumph The Picts and Scots pass the Friths in Boats at both ends of the Wall Bede lib. 1. c. 12. but their wonted Foes passed over the Friths at both ends of the Wall in Boats made Irruptions into the Province broke down the Boundaries committed great Slaughters wasting and destroying all before them When they again with a lamentable Narrative of their Miseries and Oppressions Implore Ayd from (c) 'T is probable that Constantius Institution of Praefects might yet be reteined in the Empire That Aetius was Praetorian Praefect of Gallia and that at this time Britain was Govern'd by a Vicar under him for which reason they might apply themselves to him for assistance Aetius Praefect or President of Gallâ—a who And miserably destroy the Britains Anno Domini 421. moved with their sad and deplorable condition sent anothâ—â— Legion as 't is affirmed under the Command of Gallio of Ravenna which coming unexpectedly in Autumn with great destruction and ruin chased the Picts and Scots over (d) Edinburgh and Dunbritan Friths the Seas or Friths Then the Romans told the Britains Dousa Annal. Holland lib. 1.56 Gildas as before They could not undertake any more such laborious Expeditions for their Defence admonished them to take Arms and like Men defend and vindicate their Country Goods Wives Children and Liberties from the Injuries of their Barbarous Enemies and helping them to Build a Wall of Stone where Severus had made his Honorius Theodosius Junior Valentinianus sertius Anno Domini 414 420 c. Twelve Foot high and Eight Thick Fortifying it with Towers and Castles toward the Sea to keep Boats from passing and teaching them the use of Arms they bid them Farewell never intending to return again The Romans departure out of Britain Bede lib. 1. c. 12.54 The Legion being Transported into Gallia the Scots and Picts return again and seize upon all the North part of the Isle as far as the Wall and then Assault the Wall it self pulling the Cowardly Defendants with Hooks from the top of it who then leaving it with the Cities and Fortresses adjoyning flee the Enemy pursuing them with a more Cruel and Bloody Slaughter then the former The poor Remains of the Britains send once more their most
Fens to Peterborough 24 Miles in length about 3 foot thick and 60 foot broad but that there were many more then these Four Famed Ways and that from Garrison to Garrison Station to Station Colony to Colony c. That part of the Itinerary which relates to Britain is a sufficient Argument where there are described 16 several Journeys in several Traverses and Turnings up and down the Country where these ways went not yet 't is not unlikely that wheresoever these ways have appeared or howsoever they have been described they might be branches of and terminate in the Great Ways Upon these ways were placed Mansions where Strangers stayed and rested themselves there being Inns for their Reception and Entertainment and Mutations where they changed their Post-horses Waggons and Chariots where there was only Provision for Horses and Carriages and not for Men. Their Works were so stupendious that in these latter Ages they exceed the Belief of Human Performance and are esteemed impossible to have been done by Men. But whosoever considers what Burthens the Common Soldiers carried in their ordinary Marches as a Months Provision of Diet Roma Illustrata 139 140. The Soldiers Burthen when they Marched a Spear Shield and Helmet their Utensils for sudden Intrenching and Incamping a Saw Basket Spade Hatchet and other Instruments besides several Stakes sharped at one end a Thong also and Chain for the Binding of their Captives will not much wonder that Men accustomed to such hardships should out-do the Labors of other Men. And lest they might prove lazy and lose their vigor by lying still especially from their Winter-Camps They March out of their Camp Thrice in a Moneth They were Exercised Twice in a Day they were commanded to March out thrice in a Month Ten Miles and back again furnished with all their Arms and Utensils as if they were upon an Expedition Besides this the Raw Soldiers were Exercised Twice every Day and the Veterans once He that hath a Mind to Wonder at the Prodigiousness of the Works of Rome which were also in many of their Greater Towns and Colonies let him Read Lipsius his Third Book De Magnitudine Romanâ where he may loâ—â— himself in Admiration THE FIRST PART OF THE Saxon History BOOK II. AN Exact History of the Actions of the Saxons cannot be expected Book II. Part I. where there is such want of good Authors especially for some considerable time after their arrival here Chap. 2. p. 8. Gildas Wrote from the Information of Forreign Authors Gildas confesseth he Wrote his Epistle from the Information he had out of Foraign Writers and not from any Chronicle or Annals he had seen left by any Historian of his own Country which if any such were had been either burnt or carried beyond the Seas by such as fled thither Bede with some Additions of his own followed Gildas and Ethelward and most others Bede and the old imperfect Chronicle printed with him Indeed whosoever considers the continual Wars in this Nation the Barbarity of the Saxons the Desolation they every where made and the Persecution they raised against Religion and Religious Men their cruelty in putting to death Priests Monks and Friers of all Orders Their Burning Destroying Learning most in Monasteries and Rifling of Monasteries where most of the Learning of that Age was then Cloystered and the most considerable Memoires of things preserv'd cannot in reason hope for a very particular and just account of what was done here for several Centuries of years especially in Ecclesiastick Matters before the coming of Augustin Anno Domini 598. or thereabouts they being wholly confin'd to the Descriptions of the Customs of some particular places and the Lives and Actions of particular Persons and those so blended with the Fabulous Hyperbolies and Metaphors of Ignorant Writers such as the Age they lived in afforded that the brightest Rayes of Truth could scarce penetrate and appear through those thick clouds of darkness and Ignorance There are hints to this purpose in William of Malmesbury and others of good note In his Prologue to his Gesta regum Malmesbury says fol. 105. b. n. 30. There were none after Bede to the Normans that had any care to Write the History to those times Yet I could not be satisfied but that I must make a re-search into what Authors I could both Printed and Manuscripts that I might make Publick an Authentick and well-grounded History of these Times But failing in my expectation I resolv'd to be very short as having no where found a sufficient Warrant to Write much notwithstanding all my Pains and Industry I have omitted all the particular Accounts of the Foundation of Monasteries their Burnings Ruins and Desolations in these times with the Legends and Fables relating thereto As also those of particular Christians and Saints for which they that please may peruse the several Parts of the Monasticon of the Laborious and Learned Sir William Dugdale the several Martyrologists Menologists and Biographers of those times where they may have a sufficient variety of these things and have noted only such things as are pertinent to the Design of this History and that have an Appearance of Truth Yet if any Man be doubtful let him give or suspend his Assent and Belief as he likes the probability of the Matter of Fact and the Author which I have every where cited For I doubt not but in many things and oft-times the Monks Wrote according to the Vulgar Tales and Traditions of the People adding something of their own Fancies and Conjectures by way of Increment or Paraphrase and the latter always followed the former As William of Malmesbury traced Eadmer Hoveden follows Huntington and he Florence of Worcester and him Simon Dunelmensis Mat. Paris Transcribed Roger Wendover c. The strange Intricacies in the Chronology of this Age are also to be noted sometimes going backward and sometimes forward or making report of things done without any certainty of time These things I have Premised to save others the Labor and trouble I have been at for upon Tryal they will be as much deceived in their Satisfaction as I was my self See Ushers Primord p. 394. For the usages of the Saxons we must look further then our own Historians Cimbers Celts Germans The Saxons not named in Tacitus So that for the Laws Customs and Usages of the Saxons and German People that came hither with them we must look further then our own Historians or rest satisfied with a very ordinary pitiful and lame Accounâ— of them Nor can we in the more early times find much of the Saxons or any other particular People but as they passed under the general Names of Cimbers Celts Germans c. Tacitus his Book De moribus Germanorum mentions not the Saxons and what Name they had or what People they were in his time among the Germans I leave to the conjectures of Crantius [1.] In praefat ad Hist
King Edmund neither living or dying had given the Protection of any part of his Kingdom to his Brothers and they said also they knew that Edmund desired Cnute should be the Protector of his Children while they were of Age to Reign But says my Author They gave false Testimony and lyed falsely Ibidem They give false Testimony thinking to make Cnute more kind to them and hoping for great Rewards yet nevertheless some of them not long after were put to death by him Then he exacted of them Oaths of Fidelity Ibidem and they sware they would choose him King humbly obey him and pay Taxes to his Army wholly rejecting the Brothers and Sons of Edmund By the contrivance of Cnute and Edric Ibidem A. D. 1017. fol. 619. Edric adviseth Cnute to murther Edmund 's Sons Edwin the Brother of Edmund was murthered and Edric gave him further advice to kill his two Sons Edward and Edmund but thinking it would prove a great disgrace to him if they were murthered in England sent them to the King of Sweves Cnute Edmund Ironside A. D. 1017. that he might dispatch them who though his Friend would not do what he desired but sent them to Solomon King of Hungary to be preserved where Edmund died and Edward married Agatha Daughter to Henry the Roman Emperor by whom he had Edgar Aetheling Aethelinge and Margaret Queen of Scotland Cnute A. D. 1017. Flor. Wigorn. Divides England into four parts Cnute having thus obtained the Kingdom of England divided it into four parts or Governments West-Saxony he kept to himself Mercia he committed to Edric to Turkill the East-Angles to (t) He is sometime called Iricius Hirc or Eric Iricius Northumberland His first care was to make a firm friendship between the Danes and English and a right understanding between himself Ibidem To indear himself to the People causeth the Murtherers of Edmund to be put to death Nobility and all the People whose love his own quiet and security prompted him to seek and as a means to that end he caused to be brought forth the Murtherers of Edmund in a great frequency of People who openly confessing the Fact were put to death and not long after finding an opportunity (u) He always urged him to fight when Cnute had the advantage but when he was probable to conquer he disswaded Battel Edric whom he inwardly hated for his perfidiousness received from him the deserved punishment of his Treasons Malmsb. f. 41. a. n. 10. And cuts off Edric Ibid. Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 1017. Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 1017. growing now troublesome to Cnute whom he often minded of the Wickednesses and Treasons he had committed in favour of him With him Duke Norman the Son of Duke Leofwin the Brother of Earl Leofric and Aethelward the Son of Duke Agelman and Brightric the Son of Alphege Earl of Devonshire were without fail put to death Leofric he made a Duke and was afterward very kind to him Malmsb. ut sup n. 30. He Marries Emme Widdow of Ethelred The more to ingratiate himself into the English he married Emme Widdow to Etheldred and Sister to Richard Duke of Normandy whose Alliance was the more considerable in respect he had in his Protection the two Sons of Ethelred by this Emme Malms ut sup To expiate the Blood Murthers c. he builds and repairs many Monasteries A. D. 1032. Hoveden By Bribes he obtains the Kingdom of Norway Ibidem A. D. 1028. A. D. 1031. Vid. Epist in con Spelm. fol 535. Ingulph Hist 508. b. Malms f. 41. b. n. 10. To expiate the Blood Murthers Rapine and Violence of himself Father and Ancestors he repaired all the Monasteries which had been defaced and destroyed in England and built some new ones as that at St. Edmund's Bury c. Cnute hearing the Norwegies neglected and slighted their King Olave for his Meekness Justice and Simplicity sent to some of the chief Persons of the Land great Bribes in Gold and Silver solliciting them to reject Olave and make him King they accept his Propositions and Cnute coming thither from England with fifty Ships they kill Olave and declare him their King In the fifteenth year of his Reign he made a Voyage to Rome as he declares in his Letter from thence to his great men by Livingus that by his respects paid there to the Apostles Peter and Paul he might receive Pardon for his Sins at his being there he complained to the Pope of the great Exactions practised upon the Archbishops for their Palls and was promised redress in the same Letter or Epistle he promiseth amendment of Life and commands his Counsellors with whom he trusted the Affairs of the Nation that no way for the fear of him or any other potent Person whatever His great Justice in some things they should consent to any Injustice or suffer any to be done in his Kingdom Cnute alone A D. 1031. the like command he lays upon his Sheriffs and Justitiaries that no Violence be done either to Rich or Poor but that all men should have equal Justice and that they should not grievously exact upon the People to fill his Coffers he further strictly injoyns them that before his return from Danemarke whither he was going to settle all things in firm Peace they should pay all his Debts due according to the old Law as (x) Churches or Cyriscet or Cyricsceat Church-shot or by some Church-Seed Churchset what Cyricsceat being a Sum paid for the first Fruits or Garden-Seeds to be paid at Martlemass or the Feast of St. Martin in November Church-seed Tithes Peter-pence c. he strictly injoyned the Observation of all old Laws especially those of Ethelred Malms l. 2. c. 11 fol. 42. a. He injoyns the Observation of the old Laws Ll. Canut Lamb. fol. 97. which were afterward called the Laws of Edward the Confessor not that he made them but only caused them to be observed this large Collection is extant in Lambard and besides the Ecclesiastick Laws of which there are many contains nothing but the antiquated Usages and Injunctions of those times except what was said concerning them in the notices Many Laws purely Ecclesiastick made by Cnute and his great Council The Ecclesiastick Laws concerning Religious Persons and things which seem to have been observed a long while after and some of them at this day are these following 1. That there should be no Markets Fairs Assemblies Ll. Cnut c. 15. No Markets Fairs c. on the Lords-day Ibid. c. 19. The Sacrament to be received thrice in a year or other Secular Actions practised on the Lord's-day 2. That all Christians should receive the Eucharist or Sacrament of the Lord's-Supper at least three times in the year 3. That if a Priest killed a man or committed any notorious Crime he should be deprived of his Order and Dignity 4. That a married Woman convict of Adultery
Strigul to assist him and earnestly beseech him to send for them that he might put his design in Execution He wrote to Richard Earl of Strigul to let him know that the Spring and Autumn were come and gone without seeing of him or receiving the least assistance from him and therefore desired him to make good his Agreement The Earl upon receit of his Letters went to King Henry and earnestly supplicated him either to restore his Hereditary Lands according to Justice or give him leave to make his Fortune in some other Nation And having received a [5] Ibid. c. 13. dissembled rather than true License after Winter he sent before a Young Man of his Family called * He was Nephew to Maurice and Fitz-Stephan by their Elder Brother Reymund sent by Earl Richard into Ireland with Forces Reymund a stout and valiant Person and well skilled in the use of Arms with ten Knights or Men at Arms and seventy Archers who landed at the beginning of May in Ireland under a Rock called (g) Dundolf is a Rock in the [6] Holinsh ut supra f. 12. n. 40. County of Waterford by the Sea-side lying East from the City about eight English Miles and is from the Town of Wexford about twelve Miles It is now a Castle called by the name of Dundorogh Dundolf four Miles from Waterford on the South side of Wexford where they built a weak Castle of Boughs of Trees Wood and Turf The News no sooner came to the Citizens of Waterford and Machlachlin Ophelan but they gather together a Body of 3000 men and passing the River Siver they marched towards the Ditches of the Castle in three Divisions with intention to assault it Such was the Courage of Reymund that he and his men went forth to meet them who oppressed with number and not able to resist returned to their Castle and Trenches their Enemies persuing and entring with them Reymund seeing in what streights they were He obtains a great Victory of the Irish faced about towards the Enemy and with his Sword cut them down one by one as they entred and with a great out-cry he called back his men to his defence which struck Terror into his Enemies that they gave back and fled in such confusion and disorder that Reymund and his men persuing them killed above five hundred with their Swords and Weapons and threw many of them who had climed steep Rocks for their own safety into the Sea In this Conflict one William Ferrand was very Famous for his wonderful Courage and Exploits By this Victory [7] Girald Ibid. c. 14 5. Many of the Citizens of Waterford taken Prisoners they had seventy of the chief Citizens of Waterford Prisoners and in Bonds within their Castle for whom they might either have had the Town or a great Sum of Money concerning these men Hervey of Mount-Maurice who had joyned him at his first landing with three Knights or men at Arms and Reymund were of a contrary opinion Reymund was for their Redemption by Money and urged That it was against the Principles of Humanity Piety and Honor to destroy them Hervey urged that to spare them was to nourish Serpents in their Bosoms and but to give them an opportunity of revenging themselves and put the Question That if the Victory had been on their side whether they would have sold them their Lives and out of Piety given them leave of Redemption He was for doing what they came for subduing the Nation by Arms and Power and by this Example so to affrighten the People as they should not dare to oppose or resist them This opinion pleased the Soldiers best The Prisoners cruelly destroyed and so fisrt breaking their Limbs they threw them headlong into the Sea On the 23 d of August following Earl [8] Ibid c 16 A. D. 1170. Strongbowe overthrows Mac-Laghlin and takes him Prisoner Richard Strongbowe landed near Waterford with 200 Horse-men or men at Arms and about 1000 others and on the 25 th in the Morning assaulted that Town and was twice repelled by the Citizens and the remains of those that escaped at Dundolf but upon the third attack they entred killed very many in the Streets and obtained a Bloody Victory They took Mac-Laghlin Prince of (h) Ophaly or Ossalie was that part of Leinster which is now called the Kings County Camd. Britan. f. 746. Ophaly and one Reginald who by the mediation of Dermot had their Lives saved and with him came Maurice Fitz-Girald Robert Fitz-Stephan and Reymund and joyned their Forces with Earl Richard to whom Dermot gave his Daughter Eva in Marriage after which Solemnity they marched to Dublin And so soon as they came before it [9] Ibid. c. 17. Dublin assaulted and taken Reymund and Miles Cogan with a select Company of brave young men assaulted and made themselves Masters of it and killed many Citizens but the Governor Hasculf and the better part of them with the best of their Goods and Jewels got out of the other side of the City and recovered the Ships in the Road and sailed to the Northern Isles Roderic King of Connaught was much concerned at these [1] Ibidem Roderic threatens to put Dermot's Son to death Proceedings of Dermot and sent to him to let him know that he had broken the Peace between them by calling so great a number of Strangers into the Island and that he neither was mindful of his Oath nor compassionate towards his Hostage which was his Son and therefore gave him notice that if for the future he did not restrain the Excursions of his Strangers he would cut off his Sons Head and send it him To which Dermot answered that he would not desist until he had subdued Connaught and made himself Monarch of all Ireland according to his right Roderic provoked with this Answer condemned his Son to death About this time [2] Ibid. c. 18. The Irish Clergy hold a Council at Ardmagh the Irish Clergy met in Council at Ardmagh consulted together and inquired into the cause of Strangers coming into their Land and concluded it was for the Sins of the People and especially for that they used to buy English Children of Merchants and Pirats and make them Slaves and for this reason they thought they lay under Divine Vengeance and by publick consent made a Decree That all the English that were in Servitude The Irish Clergy Decree that all English Slaves be â—et at Liberty should have their Liberty The Historian tells us the English by a common Vice of the Country had a Custom to [3] Ibidem fell their Children and Kinsfolks though they were neither in want or extream Poverty King Henry hearing what progress the [4] Ibid. c. 19. A D. 1170. King Henry recalls his English Subjects from Ireland Earl made and what Success he had in Ireland put forth an Edict by which he prohibited all his Subjects from carrying any thing by
John claims the Privilege of the Cross and refers himself to the Popes Discretion wrote to the Pope that the Archbishop of Canturbury and his Suctragans had neglected his Commands and that the great men and Barons altogether refused to hear what he wrote And attending what the Barons said He replied to them That England was the Patrimony of St. Peter and that he held it as the Patrimony of St. Peter the Church of Rome and the Pope and had taken upon him the Crusado and required the Privilege of such who had taken upon them that Expedition And after having recounted the Effects of his Former Offers to the Barons and Bishops upon which he could obtein no Remedy he Refers himself to the Popes Discretion to relieve him Upon the Consideration of all these Offers Declarations Matters and Things and the Recapitulation and brief Mention of them in his [7] Append n. 126. The Pope by consent of the Cardinals Damns the Charter of Liberties Bull and the Information of King John's Messengers lately sent to him the Pope by the Common Consent of the Cardinals Damns the Charter of Liberties and all obligations and Cautions which he had given and entred into for the performance of it and Declares them Null and void By [8] Append. n. 127. The Pope writes to the Barons and chargeth them with evil Practises against the King Letters of the same date with this Bull viz. Aug. 24. 1215. the Pope wrote to the Barons They had not well considered their Oath of Fidelity when they rashly persecuted their Lord the King That all men Detested their proceedings especially in such a cause where they made themselves both parties and Judges When the King was ready to do them Justice by their Peers in his Court according to the Laws and Customes of the Kingdom or to proceed by arbitrators chosen on both sides with a Reference to him if they agreed not And therefore commands them to Renounce that unlawful and unjust Composition they had extorted from him by fear and force and satisfie him and such as adhered to him for the Injuries they had done them That by this means the King might be induced to Grant whatsoever of right ought to be granted to them And further adviseth them to send their procurators or Deputies to the next General Council which he intended suddenly to call about the Business of the Cross where would be the Archbishop and other English Bishops and there Commit themselves to his good pleasure who by the Favor and God intended so to Determin things as to do away all oppressions and Abuses in the Kingdom that so the King being Content with his own Right and Honor the whole Clergy and Laity might rejoyce in their Just Repose and Liberty The Popes Letters or Mediation prevailed not with the Barons they [9] Mat. Paris f. 268. n. 10. The Popes Letters prevail not upon the Barons They consult how to secure London and make William de Albiney Governor of Rochester-Castle persued what they had undertaken and sent for William de Albiney a stout man and experienced Soldier several Times before he came at last upon a Chiding Letter having secured the Castle of Belvoir or Beauvoir he came to them to London where he was received with great Joy by the Barons who immediately consulting how to secure the City of London from being besieged by the King and shutting up all passages to it raised a considerable Force and put them with William de Albiney into Rochester Castle whereof he was made Governor But before they had provided for their Defence so well as they intended the King after three Months stay in the [1] Ibid. n. 30. Isle of Wight was Sailed from thence to Dover where he met his Messengers or Commissioners he had sent beyond Sea with Forces from Poictou The King with forces from beyond Sea besiegeth Rochester Castle The Barons offer to relieve it Gascony Brabant and Flanders with which he Besieged the Castle of Rochester The Barons had Sworn to William de Albiney That it the Castle should happen to be besieged they would use their utmost indeavours to Relieve it they Marched as far as Dartford and then retreated to London They within Defended the place with great Courage and Resolution and at last after almost three Months were forced to yield without Conditions for want of Victuals It yeilds for want of Victuals The Siege was very Expensive to the King and many of his Men were slain in it for which reasons he would have hanged all the Noble Men or Knights had it not been for the perswasion of Savaric de Malo Leone and some others who told him the War might prove long and some of his own Knights might be taken and put to Death after the same manner Whereupon he sent William de Albiney The King Imprisons the persons of best Quality W. de Lancaster W. de Emeford Thomas de Mulecon Osbert Giffard Osbert de Bonbi Odinell de Albiney and others of the best Quality Prisoners to Corf Castle and others to Divers other Prisons all the Ordinary Men but the Cross Bow-Men And Hanged the Ordinary Soldiers he caused to be Hanged The Pope upon notice [2] Ibid. n. 40. That the Barons persisted in the persecution of the King [3] Append. n. 128. The Pope Excommunicates the Barons Excommunicated them and Committed the Execution of the Sentence to Peter Bishop of Winchester the Abbat of Reding and Pandulph Sub-Deacon of the Roman Church in which Brief of Excommunication he injoyned the Archbishop and Bishops by virtue of their Obedience That they should cause the Sentece to be Published every Lords Day and Holy Day with Ringing of Bells and Lightning of Candels throughout all England while the Barons fatisfyed the King for the Injuries done to him and returned to their Obedience The Bishop of [4] Paris f. 271. n. 50. Winchester and Pandulph personally attended the Archbishop of Canturbury and in the Name of the Pope Commanded him to Direct the Bishops of his Province to Publish this Sentence against the Barons He was ready to take Ship to go to the Council at Rome and desired Respit until he spake with the Pope affirming The Archbishop suspended for Disobedience to the Pope the Sentence had been obteined by Concealing Truth and therefore he should by no means Publish it until by Discourse with the Pope he Knew his Mind concerning it [5] Ibid. f. 272. lin 2. The Barons declared Excomunicated They value not the Sentence because not named particularly These two when they found the Archbishop Disobedient to the Popes Command suspended him from entring the Church and Celebrating Divine Service and then the Bishop of Winchester Declared all the Barons that had indeavored to Drive the King out of the Kingdom Excommunitate and continued to do so every Lords Day and Festival But they because not Named in the Popes Brief valued
not the Sentence Reputing it Null and Void In [6] Ibid. n. 10. A. D. 1215. The Kings Procurators appear against the Archbishop November following the Great Council before mentioned was held at Rome in which the Procurators or Comissioners of King John the [7] Ibid. fol. 273. n. 20. in the great Council at Rome They accuse him with holding Correspondency with the Barons c. Abbat of Beaulieu and Thomas de Huntingdon and Godfry aâ— Craucomb Knights appeared against Stephan Archbishop of Canturbury and accused him of holding Correspondency with the Barons and that by his Favour and Assistance they indeavored to Deâ—hrone the King That when he received the Popes commands to restrain the Barons from persecuting the King by Ecclesiastic Censures Refusing to do it he was suspended confounded with these Accusations he answered nothing but Desired to be absolved from his Suspension To whom the [8] Ibid. n. 30. Pope in Anger replied by St. Peter he should not easily obtein the Benefit of Absolution that had done so many affronts not only to the King of England but also to the Roman Church [9] Ibid. The suspension of the Archbishop confirmed by the Pope and Cardinals and having held a Consultation with the Cardinals they Subscribed and he Confirmed the Sentence of Suspension against the Arcbishop which was dated the 4th of November and sent to all the Clercs and Laics of that Province to let them know they Ratified what the [1] Append. 11.129 A. D. 1215. Bishop of Winchester and Pandulph had done commanding ready Obedience to it The [2] Ibid. n. 50. Canons of York chose Simon Langton Brother to Stephan Walter Gray Chosen Archbishop of York gives 10000. l. for his Pall. Archbishop of York and presented him to the Pope for his Confirmation of the Election But he voided it and recommended to them Walter de Gray whom they chose and he at the Receit of his Pall [3] Ibid. f. 174. lin 4. obliged himself to Pay Ten Thousand Pound Sterling to the Court of Rome The King having [4] Ibid. n. 10. The King causeth the Sentence against the Archbishop to be Published notice of the Sentence against the Archbishop went to the Monastery of St. Albans and there caused it to be published and from thence it was sent to all Cathedral and Conventual Churches through England to be Published At this place the King [5] Ibid. n. 20.30 The King Divides his Army raised two Armies or Divided his former Army into two parts with one he Marched Northward with the other under the Conduct of his Brother William Earl of Salisbury he indeavored to restrain the Excursions of the Barons in London The King with his Army Marched to Notingham and [6] Ibid. n 40. and Marcheth to Nottingham and wasts the Barons Estates Their Castellans quit their Castles sending several parties abroad in his March wasted the Barons Estates Seised their Goods and Burnt their Houses imprisoned their Tenents such as were found out of Churches and Church-Yards and forced them to Redemption the Barons Castellans upon the Kings Approach every where left their Castles without Defence William [7] Ibid. n. 50. The other part of his Army wasteth the Barons Estates in the East and South Earl of Salisbury and Falcasius de Brent with the Forces left under their command at St. Albans after they had put very strong Garrisons into the Castles of Windsor Hertford and Berchamsted to observe the Barons in the City of London and to hinder People and Victuals from going and being Carried into it Marched into the Counties of Essex Middlesex Hertford Cambrige and Huntingdon Shires were they make the like [8] Ibid. f. 275. lin 3. wasts upon the Barons Estates as the King did Northward and further destroyed their Parks and Warens and cut down their Hortyards The Garison of [9] Ibid. n. 20. Tonebrige and Redford Castles surrendred Rochester took the Castle of Tonebrâ—gge and Falcasius de Brent the Castle of Bedford At [1] Ibid. n. 20. A. D. 1216. Christmass the King was at Notingham and on the Day after he sent and summoned Belvoir Castle The King takes Belvoir Castle threatning to put William de Albiney the Lord thereof to Death if it were not forthwith Surrendred without Capitulation The Governors of it for the safety of their Lord carried [2] Ibid. n. 30.40 the Keys of it to the King who took possession of it on St. Johns Day and Gave his Letters Patents of indemnity and for the injoyment of all their Goods to all That were in it Yet notwithstanding this Monk who is always very Bitter and sharp against King John [3] Ibid. f. 276 lin 5. and n. 10. Brands him and his Followers whom he calls the Soldiers of Satan Sons of Belial and ministers of the Divel with the most Inhumane Barbarous Cruelties that ever were heard of unless in this Historian He reports they took Priests from the Altars with Crosses and the Lords Body in their Hands Tortured King John charged with inhumane Cruelties by Mat. Paris Robbed and wounded them That to extort Money from Knights and men of all Conditions they hanged them up by their Reins and Privities others by their Legs and Feet some by their Arms Hands and Thumbs spitting into their Eyes Salt mixt with Vinegar others they laid upon Trivits and Grid-Irons over burning Coals and then put their Broiled Bodies into Water under Ice to Cool them While the Barons lay [4] Ibid. n. 30.40 The King gets possession of the Barons Castles and Estates still the King got possâ—ssion of almost all their Castles and Estates from the South Sea to the Scottish Sea all the Castles and Lands between the River Tiese and Scotland he committed to Hugh Bailiol and * Pat. 18. Johan M. 7. Dors n. 66. Philip de Hulecotes and left Soldiers sufficient to Defend that Country The Castles and Landâ— in Yorkshire were committed to Robert de Veteri ponte or Vâ—pont i. e. at the Old Bridge Brien de Lisle and Geofry de Luci with armed Men sufficient to Defend them To William Earl of Albemarle he gave the Castles of Rockingham and Bitham to Faulx de Brent he gave the Custody of the Castles of Oxford Northampton Bedford and Cambridge and the Castle of Hertford he committed to Walter de Codardvill a Knight and Reteiner of Faulx and to Ranulph the German the Castle of Berchamstede With command to them all as they loved their Bodies and all they had That they should destroy all things that belonged to the Barons their Castles Houses Towns Parks Warrens Ponds Mills Hortyards c. From the North parts the [5] Ibid. The King takes Berwick King went into Scotland and took Berwick and other places which were then thought invincible and from thence he marched Southwards and left behind him only the Castle of Montsorrel and another belonging to Robert de
an Earl and Duke Therefore though he was a King anointed yet as he was an Earl or Duke he was under the Iurisdiction of his Lord the King of Fâ—ance But if an Earl or Duke Committed a Crime in the Kingdom of France he might and ought to be Judged by his Peers [1] Ibid. n. 40. and if he were neither Duke or Earl or Liege Man of the King of France and had Committed a Crime in the Kingdom of France yet by Reason the Crime was Committed in France the Barons might Judge him to Death otherwise if the King of England because he was an anointed King who was then a Peer of France could not be Judged to Death might safely enter the Kingdom of France and Kill the Barons of that Kingdom as he had Killed his Nephew Arthur The Monk [2] Ibid. n. 50. Quere Why the Monk said this tells us the truth of the Matter was thus That King John was not justly adjudged from the Dukedom of Normandy because he was not Judicially but Violently thrust out of it For that he sent Eustace Bishop of Ely and Hubert de Burgh to let the King of France know The Mutual Objections Answers and Replys c. That he would Willingly appear in his Court and was ready to stand to the Law in all things if he might have a safe Conduct The King of France answered he should come safely The Bishop then asked him And shall he return safely [3] Ibid. fol. 284. lin 1. Of the King of France and the Envoys of the King of England To which the King returned If his Peers would permit him And when the King of England's Envoys pressed that he might safely come into and return out of France King Philip sware by the Saints of his own Country he should not depart without Iudgment or Tryal [4] Ibid. lin 4. Concerning his Answering in the Court of France The Bishop urged the Dangers that might happen by his coming without Safe-Conduct and that he could not come to his Court as Duke of Normandy but he must come as King of England when as the same person was both King and Duke which the Baronage of England would no ways permit though the King would submit to it For he must either run the Hazard of Imprisonment or Death as a Peer of that Kingdom To which the King of France Rebutted And what is this my Lord Bishop 'T is well known the Duke of Normandy my Tenant hath violently acquired England and if he suddenly hath acquired any greater Honor shall this prejudice his Capital Lord shall He lose by it Certainly not [5] Ibid. n. 10. To which saith the Monk the King of England's Messengers could Surrebutt or answer nothing and so returned home But adds [6] Ibid. Mat. Paris his Opinion about the Condemnation of King John in the Court of France The Monk notwithstanding what the King of England's Envoys said the Great Men of France proceeded to Judgment which justly they ought not to have done because he that was judged was absent and would have appeared if he could And therefore King John being condemned by his Adversaries was not justly condemned [7] Ibid. n. 20. The Popes Opinion about the Death of Duke Arthur The Pope says Duke Arthur was taken by his Vncle at the Castle of Mirebel after he had done Homage and Ligeance to him and therefore might be put to Death without Judgment Secondly [8] Ibid. n. 30.40 The second Objection against King John and the Popes answer The Replies of Lewis his Envoys to the Pope 'T was Objected against King John That he was often Cited to appear in the Court of the King of France and neither appeared personally nor sent any one to appear for him The Pope answered This was only Contumacy and not a Mortal Crime and was otherwise to be punished and therefore the Barons could not judge him to Death Lewis his Messengers replyed That it was the Custom of France That if any one was accused of Murther and appeared not but sent his excuse he was judged as Convicted in all things and the Issue of him barred from Inheriting To which the Pope answered again That suppose King John had been Judged to Death and his Issue barred which could only be for his Territories in France His Answers to them again yet Blanch the Wife of Lewis ought not to succeed but either the Sister of Arthur or Otho Son of Henry Duke of Saxony by her Eldest Sister Maud or the King of Castile her Brother or the Queen of Leon her Eldest Sister [9] Ibid. f. 285. lin 1. To which Lewis his Envoys again Replyed That she had a Title which was good while others appeared and if any nearer to it afterwards claimed Lewis might do what he thought fit or what he ought to do 3. To these things the [1] Ibid. l. 5. The Pope asserts his own Title Pope said the Kingdom of England was his property and that Lewis ought not to spoil him of his Kingdom by War To this Lewis his Commissioners Answered The War was begun before the Pope could pretend to it [2] Ibid. n. 10. Lewis his Envoys indeavour to invalidate it For William Longe-spee and many with him came and invaded Lewis his Territories Therefore his War was just against the King of England that sent him [3] Ibid. The Popes Answer to their Argument for War against King John The Pope answered Lewis ought not to make War upon him for what his Vassal had done but to make his complaint to him as his Lord. To this the Commissioners Replyed [4] Ibidem The Reply of Lewis his Envoys There was a Custome in France That when any Vassal made War upon any one by Authority of his Lord he might make War upon him again without complaining to his Lord. [5] Ibid. n. 30. The Pâ—pes Argument against the War The Reply of Lewis his Commissioners The Pope urged further That the Barons were Excommunicated and all their Favorers by which means Lewis would incur the pain of Excommunication To this his Commissioners replyed he did not favor or Cherish the Barons of England but prosecuted his own right And that he believed neither the Pope nor so great a Council would Excommunicate any man injustly for that at the time of declaring the Sentence they knew not what right he had to the Kingdom of England [6] Ibid. n. 40 The Popes Resolution And after all the Pope said he would determine nothing until that he heard from his Legat Walo This was the Discourse between the Pope and Lewis his Envoyes their mutual Objections Answers Replyes c. Lewis [7] Ibid. n. â—0 Lewis waâ—â—s Essex Norfolk and Suffolk and returns with the Spoils to London He makes Gilbert de Gant Earl of Lincoln and sends him to Block up Nottiâ—gham and Newark Castles made a great Cavalcade into the East of England the
King for the payment of the debt he Ought the Earl of Brittain [8] f. 378. n. 10 20 30 40. Hubert keeps in Sanctuary and would not Answer Hubert the late Justiciary being now to answer the Articles objected against him fearing the King would put him to some shameful Death kept in Sanctuary among the Canons of Merton and did not appear in the Kings Court to * See Append. n. plead to the Articles against him until the King should be in a more mild temper The King in a great rage sent to the Major of London to force him from thence The King sends the Major of London to fetch him Dâ—ad or Alive The Discreet Citisens feared the Consequences of the gathering together of the Rabble Ranulph Earl of Chester perswades the King to Revoke his Orders to the Major of London and bring him either dead or alive The Londoners glad of this opportunity to revenge themselves upon Hubert upon Râ—nging the Common-Bâ—ll gathered together in great Numbers as it was reported 20000 of of the Rabble But some of the more discreet Citisens dreading the ill Consequences of such tumultous proceedings went to the Bishop of Winchesters House in Southwark and desired his Advice who told them that whatever came of it they must execute the Kings Precept But Ranulph Earl of Chester hinted to the King that if such tumultous proceedings were Countenanced such a Sedition might be raised as would not easily be appeased adding that it would be a great reproach to him abroad when they heard he thus treated those that had been his Favorites which so wrought upon the King that he presently dispatched a Messenger with Letters to revoke his former Precept At this the Citisens were startled being disappointed of their revenge and returned into the City After this the [9] Ibid. n. 50. Hubert had time given him to put in his Answer Arch-Bishop of Dublin prevailed with the King to grant Hubert till the Octaves of Epiphany to prepare his Answer In the mean time he designed a visit to his Wife who was then at St. Edmunds Bury When the King heard of it he sent Godfrey Craucumbe with three hundred armed men to apprehend him and bring him Prisoner to the Tower They found him in Essex in a small Chappel [1] f. 3â—9 n. 10. He is drawn out of Sanctuary with the Cross in one hand and the Body of our Lord in the other They wrung the Cross and Body out of his hands and without any respect to the Place they violently drew him out and having Fettered him and Chained his Feet under the Horses Belly they brought him in a most despicable manner to London and put him into the Tower When Roger [2] Ibid. n. 30 40. The Bishop of London rebuked the King for taking Hubert out of Sanctuary Bishop of London heard how Hubert had been treated he hasted to the King and very severely rebuked him for breach of the Churches Peace and if he did not presently set him at Liberty and send him again to the Chappel from whence he was taken he would excommunicate all that were concerned in this violation of the Churches Peace The King being made sensible of the fault He is sent back into Sanctuary The Sheriffs of Hertford and Essex to keep him from escaping and from Victuals sent him back again to the Chappel out of which he was taken But at the same time sent to the Sherifs of Hartford and Essex upon pain of hanging to go in their own person with all the men of both Counries cum omnibus hominibus duorum Comitatuum and encompass the Chappel that Hubert might neither make his Escape nor receive any Victuals from any one Then the Archbishop of Dublin his only friend Supplicated the King with Tears to know his pleasure concerning Hubert [3] f. 380. l. 1. He refuseth to abjure The King offered him three things For ever to abjure the Kingdom Perpetual Imprisonment or openly to own himself a Traytor But Hubert would choose neither of them being conscious to himself that he had done nothing to deserve so great Confusion Yet to satisfie the King he would be content to go out of the Kingdom for some time but would not abjure But rather then be starved he [4] Ibid. n. 20. He yeilds himsâ—lf to the Sherifs is carried Prisoner to the Tower yeilded himself to the Sherifs abovementioned who brought him up to London Fettered and Chained and delivered him Prisoner to the Tower there The Fortieth part with the form of collecting it About this time was Collected the fortieth part lately granted to the King in the Parliament at Lambeth The form of the Commission to the Sherifs of the several Counties and the manner how it was to be Levied and Collected is noted in the * n. 151. Appendix and the Commission to the Collectors is to be found in Mat. Paris f. 380. n. 30. About [5] fol. 381. n. 10 20 30 40. A. D. 1232. The King was informed Hubert had great Treasure in the Temple He sends for it the Feast of St. Martin following instanti Festo Beati Martini The King was informed that Hubert had much Treasure lodged with the Templars whereupon the King sent for the Master of the New-Temple to know the Truth of it who acknowledged the Money but could not tell the Summ but refused to deliver it unless authorised by Hubert Then the King sent the Treasurer with the Justices of the Exchequer to Hubert who in the Kings Name Demanded of him all the Treasure he had lodged with the Templars Hubert Replied he would readily submit himself and all that he had to the Kings pleasure and presently authorised the Templars to deliver all the Keys of his Treasure to the King which when he had received and receives the Keys of the place where it was he Commanded an Inventory to be be made and delivered to him and all the money to be paid into his Exchequer When his Enemies saw his Great Treasure they accused him to the King of theft and fraud urging he deserved a shameful Death To whom the King seriously replyed That Hubert had faithfully served his Vnkle Richard and his Father as he had heard and if he had been otherwise to him he should never be put to Death for he had rather appear too Easie than too cruel to him who had so often preserved both his Predecessors and himself in great danger The King now softened into compassion The King moved to compassion toward him granted to him all the Lands his Father had given him and those he had Purchased for his present support and soon after Richard the Kings Brother William-Earl of Warren Richard Earl Mareschall William * It was John Earl of Lincoln according to the Record He is prisoner in the Castle of Divises under the keeping of four Sureties Earl of Ferrars became Sureties for him He remained in
great Men of Ireland and therefore ordered them to secure the peace of that Nation and sent them further private instructions by Roger Waspail who carried these Letters to whom he Commanded them to give credit This is all I find worth noting concerning Ireland in this Kings Reign who appointed Couragious Justiciaries and other Officers by whose industry and by putting the English Laws in Execution that Nation was kept in peace and quiet The Issue of King Henry the Third EDward his [1] Paris f. 488. n. 30. Eldest Son by Queen Alienor of Provence who was King of England after his death was born at Westminster upon the 16th of June 1239. Edmund his Second Son by the same Queen [2] Ibid. f. 654. n. 20. born January 16th A. D. 1245. in the Thirtieth year of his Fathers Reign He was Earl of Lancaster Leicester Derby and Campaign Lord of Monmouth and Steward of England There are by some four more Sons named but if he had them they died young Margaret his [3] Pat. 36 Hen. 3. m. 1. Eldest Daughter was Married to the King of Scots Alexander the Second a Child of nine years old Beatrice his Second Daughter so named of her Grand-mother Beatrice Countess of Provence was [4] Paris f. 5â—4 n. 20. born at Bourdeaux in Gascoigne on the 25th of June A. D. 1242. and was Married to John de Dreux Duke of Britain in France and Earl of Richmond in England Katherine the Third Daughter was born [5] Ibid. f. 879. n. 10. at London on St. Katherines day or the 25th of November A. D. 1253. and died at five years of Age. FINIS THE APPENDIX DE Sententiis Judicum CHART XCIX VAUCO IN nomine Dei Forma progreâ—suâ— in judicio Antiquitates Alaman Tom 2. fol. 3. cum resideret Vnfredus vir inluster Rhetia was toward the foot of the Alps. Retiarum N. 1 Comes incurte ad campos in Mallo publico ad universorum causas audiendas vel recta judicia terminanda ibique veniens bomo aliquis nomine Hrothelmus proclamavit eo quod in Contra Direâ—tum Coâ— Drâ—ctum Coâ—tra Drutum Contra Droâ— Gallicâ— Testimonia 〈◊〉 Tâ—sâ—eâ— common in Barbâ—rous â—â—tin Contradrutum suum Mansum ei tollutum fuisset quod ei advenit à parâ—e Vxoris suâ— simul Flavino propriâ— suum fuisset legibus suum esse deberet quin jam de TradavioVxoris suae fuisset â—dcircò suum esse deberet tum prâ—dictus Comes Convocatis illa Testimonia qui de ipso Bâ—go erant interrogavit eos per ipsum fidem Sacramentum quam nostro Domino datam haberet quicquid exinde scirent veritatem diâ—eâ—ent At illi dixerunt per ipsum Sacramentum quod Domino nostro datum habemus scimus quia fuit quidem homo nomine Mado qui ibi habuit suum solum proprium cujus conâ—inium nos sciâ—us quiâ— adjacet confineâ—â—d ipsâ—m Mansom unde iste proclamat in quâ— illi arbore durem de uno lâ—tâ—re aquâ— câ—ngâ—t inter eos terminum est in petrâ—s in arboris ipse est Dominus Nam sicut illa â—dificiâ— dâ—sursum conjungâ—nt istorum hominum proprium est illorum legibus esse debet de parâ—e Avii illorum Quinti Tunc praedictus Comes jussit ut ipsa Testimonia suprâ— irent ipsos terminos ostenderent quod dâ—ebant Quod 〈…〉 feâ—erunt ipsos terminos firmaverunt qui inter illa dâ— Mansa â—ernebant Sed pluâ—imi ibidem adfuerunt Nobiles quos ipse Comes cum â—s direâ—erat quod omnia pleniter factum fuit Vt autem haec â—iâ—ita â—unt interrogavit ipse Comes illâ—s Scabinios quid illi de hâc causâ judicare voluissent At illi dixerunt secundum istorum hominum testimonium secundum vestram inquisitionem judicamus Vt sicut davisum finitum est terminis positâ—s inter ipsos Mansos ut isti homines illorum proprium habeant absque ulliâ— contradictione in perpetuum quod in Dominico dictum terminâ— divisum coram testibus fuit reâ—eptum sit ad partem Domini nostri Proptereâ— opporâ—num fuit Hrothelmo Flavino cum Hieredibus eorum ut exinde ab ipso Comite vel Scabinis tale Scriptum acciperent About the year of our Lord 807. in the Reign of Charles the Great qualiter in postmodum ipsom Mansom absque ullius contrarietate omni Tempore valeant possidere Actum curte ad campos Mallo Publico Anno 7 Imperii Caroli Augusti 37 regni ejus in Franciâ 34 in Italiâ Datum VII id Feb. sub Umfredo Comite faeliciter Amen Haec nomina Testum Valeriano Burgolfo Vrsone Stefano Majorino Valerio Leontio Victore Maurestone Frontiano Florentio Stipfone Valentiano Quintello Stradario Et haec nomina Scabiniorum Flavino Orsicino Odmaro Alexandro Eusebio Maurentio quam etiam aliis plurimis Ego itaque VAUCO rogitus Scripsi Subscripsi All old Judgments Processes and Charts were drawâ— up in Barbarous Provincial Latin without Congruity Syntax Propriety or Elegancy The Process and Judgment is thus Englished N. 1 IN the Name of God when Humfry the Illustrious Person Earl of Rhaetia in his Pavillion in the Fields in a publick Mall or Court sate to hear the Causes of all Men or to determine according to right Judgment there came a certain Man called Hrothelm and complained That against his Right he had an House or Farm taken from him which came to him by his Wife and Flavino and was properly his own and by Law ought to be his because he had it by Livery or delivery of his Wife therefore it ought to be his Then the foresaid Earl calling Witnesses or Witnesses or Jurors were the same in the old Feudal German Law Jurors that were of the very Country or Vicinage he asked them by the Faith and Oath they had made to our Lord that whatever they knew of this Matter they should speak the truth They said By the very This Oath was made to the Emperor who is here meant by Dominus Noster Oath we have given to our Lord we know because there was a certain Man called Mado who had there his proper Soil the bounds whereof we know because it adjoyns and lies next to the very House or Farm claimed upon which there was a great Tree and one side was compassed with Water and between them was a Boundary of Stones and Trees That is Hrotheâ—m He is the Master Lord Owner or Proprietor of it For as those Buildings are joyned above they are the Propriety of those Men and ought to be theirs by the Law in right of their Grandfather Quintus Then the foresaid Earl Commanded That the Witnesses or Jurors should go upon the place and shew the Bounds they mentioned which they did and fixed the Bounds which they saw between the two Houses or Farms and there were many Noblemen there present whom the Earl directed to
Ibid. His great Strength at Sea Ibid. D. He enjoyned the Welch a Tribute of Wolves Ibid. C. Eight Kings swear Fidelity to him Ibid. E. His inordinate Lust punished by seven years Penance Ibid. F. He built and repaired forty seven Monasteries f. 122. A. Edlingi who they were f. 82. B. Edmund King of the East Angles slain by the Danes f. 113. E. Brother to Athelstan his success against the Danes f. 120. A. He made many Ecclesiastical Laws Ibid. B. He was unfortunately slain by a Thief Ibid. C. D. Edmund Ironside set up by the Londoners f. 126. D. He was totally defeated by Cnute f. 127. A. Edmund Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 559. D. He opposed the Popes Legats Demands but at length consented to them f. 575. E. He passed over Sea to Pontiniac Ibid. F. His Death f. 577. lin 1. Edmund the second Son to Henry the Third Invested with the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia by the Pope f. 615. C. He undertook the Cross f. 664. E. He was Married to Avelin daughter to the Earl of Holderness f. 665. B. Edred subdued the Northumbrians and Scots f. 120. E. Edric his Ingratitude and Treachery to his Prince f. 124. F. His barbarous advice to Cnute f. 127. F. He is put to Death f. 128. B. Edward the Elder fought the Danes with good success f. 117. D. He confirmed the League with Godrun and Enacted many Ecclesiastical Laws f. 118. A. Edward the Younger Murdered by his Mother in Law Elfred f. 122. E.F. Edward the Confessor made King f. 130. E. His unkindness to his Mother and Marriage with Earl Goodwins Daughter f. 131. A. The Encouragement he gave the French Ibid. B. C. The English murmur against their Preferments Ibid. D. He sent his Queen into a Nunnery f. 133. A. The difference between him and Earl Goodwin composed and his Queen again received Ibid. E. F. He declared William Duke of Normandy his Successor f. 135. A. Prince Edward Eldest Son to Henry the Third born f. 572. C. The Londoners swear Allegiance to him f. 575. A. He was made Governor of Gascoigny and received their Homage f. 608. A. B. He was Married to Alienor Sister to the King of Spain f. 613. A. His return into England and adhered to the Barons fol. 637. B. C. He was made Prisoner by Montfort f. 640. C. He was sent to Dover Castle f. 642. lin 2. He purchased his Liberty but continued a Prisoner at large f. 649. B. D. He made his escape and raised Forces f. 650. E. His Father declared him a Rebel f. 651. C. He Surprised and Defeated Simon Montfort f. 652. A. B. C. He and his Brother Edmund are signed with the Cross f. 664. E. His preparation for the Holy Land f. 665. C. He was kindly received by the King of France at Tunis Ibid. F. He escaped a great and dangerous attempt upon his Life at Acon f. 666. B. C. Edwin King of Northumberland converted and then he built York Cathedral f. 104. B. 105. A. Edwin ejected the Monks out of Monasteries and brought in Seculars f. 120. F. Egbert first Monarch of the Saxon Heptarchy f. 110. B. He vanquished the Danes f. 111. A. He gave the Name to England Ibid. B. Peter Egeblanck Bishop of Hereford his project to supply Henry the Third with Money f. 615. A. B. He puts it in Execution f. 619. A. Ely Isle defended against William the Conqueror f. 196. C. D. The Abbat and Monks submit upon Terms Ibid. E. F. The Bishopric erected out of Lincoln f. 264. lin 2. The Churches Plea for Recovery of Lands f. 141. lin 1. Bishop William Chancellor to Richard the First and Chief Justiciary f. 425. A. F. He was made Legat f. 426. A. He made the Ditch about the Tower of London Ibid. B. He levied an Aid for the Kings use and displaced the Sheriff of York and punished the Citizens and Military Tenants Ibid. D. E. A great difference between him and Earl John the Kings Brother f. 429. A. His haughtiness Ibid. B. He imprisoned Geofry Arch-bishop of York f. 432. E. He was summoned to appear in the Kings Court but refused Ibid. F. A Skirmish between his and Earl Johns Retinue f. 433. A. He was charged with great Misdemeanors and deposed from his Chancellorship Ibid. B. C. The different Characters of him f. 434. A. B. C. His Bishopric seized to the Kings use Ibid. F. He hath only the Character of the Kings Messenger f. 437. C. Ely Isle taken and plundred and the Cathedral redeemed from burning by the Prior f. 506. F. The disinherited Barons secure themselves in it f. 657. F. Emme Mother to Edward the Confessor put to the fire Ordeal f. 133. B. The truth of the story questionable Ibid. C. England by whom so called f. 111. B. Divided into Shires Hundreds and Tythings f. 116. E. English Church Government Independent of the Roman See f. 88. A. The Popes Confirmation of several Donations no Argument of his Jurisdiction here Ibid. B. Three Objections against this Assertion answered Ibid. C. English Lands how divided and subdivided f. 159. C. D. E. Eorpwald King of the East-Angles converted to Christianity F. 105. B. Ermin-street f. 49. lin 2. Henry de Essex his Cowardise f. 299. D He was accused of Treason by Robert Montfort His punishment Ibid. E. Essoins in what Cases allowed f. 166. C. Ethelbald conspired against his Father and divided the Kingdom with him f. 112. D. E. His Luxury f. 108 B. Ethelbert his Laws made after the Roman Example f. 59. D. He received the Christian Faith f. 102 103. Ethelmar recommended by King Henry the Third to the Bishopric of Durham f. 602. E. He was chosen Bishop of Winchester with great reluctancy f. 604. B. C. His Election confirmed by the Pope f. 605. E. He was forced out of England by the Barons f. 628. E. His return denied and his Bishopric seized f. 635. B. F. Ethelred the Third Son of Ethelwolph fought the Danes nine times in one year f. 114. A. Ethelred the Son of Edgar by Elfrid an easie and unactive King fol. 123. A. He was betrayed by the Nobility and bought his Peace with the Danes Ibid. E. F. He with his Queen and Sons fled into Normandy fol. 125. A. B. He was recalled by the English and joyfully received Ibid. C. His whole Race abjured by the Bishops and Abbats f. 126. C. Ethelwolph granted the Tithes of all England to the Church fol. 112. A. B. All the Kings and Nobility of England subscribed it Ibid. C. He gave 300 Marks yearly to Rome f. 113. lin 4. Evesham Battle between Prince Edward and S. Montfort f. 652. C. Eustace Earl of Bulloign maketh a visit to Edward the Confessor f. 132. A. Eustachius Son to King Stephen his death f. 292. F. Exchequer English the same with the Norman f. 160. E. Common Pleas holden there f. 61. A. Who Judges and Assessors and the diversity of Pleas used there Ibid. B. Normans first sate
Excommunicated such B PS as favored S. Montfort f. 659. E. His Admonition to the disinherited Barons Ibid. F. He held a Council at London f. 664. E. Oudoceus Bishop of Landaf Excommunicated three Welch Kings for Murder f. 100. F. Oxford Interdicted by Otto the Legat f. 570. E. On what conditions released Ibid. f. A great difference between the Scholars and Towns-men f. 575. lin 2. Oxgange What it was f. 141. f. P. PAgi what they were and are f. 55. C.D.E.F. Pall what f. 102. F. Pandulph sent Legat into England f. 483 F. He affrighted King John into a compliance with the Pope f. 484. E. His advice to the King of France f 486. B. Panis Benedictus what it was f. 537. F. Papal Exactions and Extortions f. 542. F. 543. A. 594. E. 595. A. A general clamour against them in France f. 597. D. And in Ireland f. 599. C. Papinianus Chief Minister of Justice in Britain f. 30. D. Parage what f. 165. F. 204. E. Matt. Paris chargeth King John with inhumanity f. 505. B. C. His Character of Pope Innocent the 3.d f. 507. F. His inconsistency with himself in his History f. 582. F. Parliament At Oxford f. 473. D. At London f. 531. E. At Northampton f. 534. A. At Westminster f. 535. lin 1. At Westminster f. 536. A. At Westminster f. 542. D. At Westminster f. 546. A. At Westminster f. 548. A. At Lambeth f. 550. E. F. At London f. 564. C. At Winchester f. 565. A. E. F. At York f. 568. C. At London f. 581. F. At Westminster f. 590. B. At London a general one f. 594. D. At Winchester f. 596. B. At London f. 597. F. At London f. 600. E. At London f. 610. E. At Westminster f. 621. B. At London f. 623. F. At Oxford f. 624. C. What Ordinances made there f. 627. E. F. Three to be held every year f. 626. C. At Kenelworth f. 658. A. c. At St. Edmunds-bury f. 661. A. B. The Kings and Legats Demands made there and the Answer they received Ibid. C. D. E. F. At Merlebergh f. 665. B. Hugh Pateshul made Justiciary f. 561. F. St. Pauls when built and made a Cathedral f. 103. F. Paulinus Ordained Bishop and Baptized Edwin f. 104. E. F. Paulus Catena his cruelty f. 34. C. Peculiars their Original f. 215. C. Pelagian Heresy propagated in Brittain f. 38 E. Perennis a great Favorite of the Emperor Commodus f. 28. F. He was accused of Treason by the Soldiers and put to Death f. 29. A. Pertinax sent into Brittain by Commodus f. 29. B. C. Peter the Hermit preached up the Holy-War f. 223. B. His Prophecy f. 483. lin 3. Peter pence by whom granted f. 108. lin 1. Philip Earl of Flanders a Confederate of young Henry's against his Father King Henry the 2d f. 317. lin 1. 318. F. He was a great Director to Philip Son to Lewis King of France f. 335. E. He did Homage to the King of England f. 336. A. Philip Bishop of Beavais his complaint to the Pope against King Richard and the Popes Answer f. 455. A. B. Philip Son to Lewis King of France Crowned at Rhemes f. 335. C. His undutifulness to his Father Ibid. E. He was made sensible of his Duty by Hen. the 2d King of England f. 336. A. His Agreement with the King of England to undertake the Cross f. 342. C. The King of England doth Homage to him f. 348. D. The Agreement between King Richard and him to undertake the Cross f. 423. B. His Treachery to King Richard f. 429. E. The difference between them composed f. 430. A. His arrival at Acon Ibid. B. He desired King Richards leave to return home f. 431. C. His Oath to King Richard Ibid. D. His promise to Earl John upon Marriage of his Sister f. 435. D. His offer to the Emperor to keep King Richard Prisoner f. 439. C. He ravaged and destroyed King Richards Dominions f. 444. E. F. He was totally Routed by King Richard f. 445. A. 451. B. C. D. His cruelty to the English f. 450. F. Articles of Peace between him and King Richard f. 453. lin 1. He Knighted Arthur Duke of Britany and received his Homage f. 463. D. His Demands of King John Ibid. E. He besieged and took his Towns and Castles f. 471. A. He demanded to be divorced from his Queen f. 467. D. E. The Pope impowered him to Execute the Sentence of Deposition against King John f. 483. C. D. His preparation for England f. 484. A. F. Pandulph the Legat advised him to desist f. 486. B. His Victory over Otho the Emperâ—r f. 493. E. His Answer to Walo the Popes Legat f. 508. C. His Death f. 532. E. Picts who they were f. 35. B. F. They harras and spoyl the Britans f. 38. A. 39. C. D. Aulus Plautius sent into Brittain by Claudius f. 12. A. B. Pleas for Church Lands in the Conquerors time how held and before whom f. 140.141 142. None between English-Saxons and Normans f. 143. A. Sometimes held in Churches and Church-yards f. 146. D. Pleadings were in the French Tongue and why f. 155. lin 1. Plebs who f. 55. F. Robert Poer made Governor of Waterford and Treacherously slain by the Irish f. 370. B. 374. B. Poictovins subdued by Henry the 2 d. King of England f. 306. C. They do Homage to Henry the 3d. f. 545. B. They were invited into England by him and had the Wardships of Noblemen given them f. 554. A. They were discharged the Kings Service f. 559. F. They submit to the French King upon Summons f. 586. B. Their great Insolence to the English f. 608. C. D. Polycletus sent into Brittain by Nero to reconcile Julius Classicanus and Suetonius f. 21. A. Adam de Port Impeached of Treason and Outlawed for not Appearing f. 312. lin 1. William Poweric his complaint in the Council of Lyons against Papal Extortions f 593. D. E. He was sent to Rome to complain of Grievances f. 596. A. Prefecture what and how many it consisted of f. 43. C. Presential why so called f. 41. F. Presutagus King of the Iceni made Caesar his Heir f. 18. E. Priests Marriage forbidden f. 126. A. Such as lived in Cities and Burghs might retain their Wives f. 215. C Severe Laws made against their Wives f. 263. F. They were prohibited their Company by Hen. 1st f. 265. B. They were sometimes dispensed with by the Arch-Deacons and Bishops Ibid. D. They compounded with the King for their Wives Company f. 269. F. If Married to be deprived of their Benefices f. 294. B. A Decree against their Concubines f 536. F. Their Sons dispenced with to succeed them f. 262. F. Primâ—cy of Canturbury confirmed by the Pope f. 259. E. Probus conquered the Vandals and Burgundians f. 31. C. Provisions made at Oxford f. 626.627 They were Nulled by the King of France f. 639. A. They were repealed in the Parliament at Kenelworth f. 659. A. B.
to the King f. 570. lin 1. He was kindly received in the French Camp and procured a Truce f. 5â—5 A. He advised the King his Brother to provide for himself by flight Ibid. B. His second Marriâ—ge with Cincia Daughter to the Countess of Provence f. 588. F. Thirty thousand Dishes provided for his Wedding Dinner f. 589. lin 1. The Magnificent Treat he received from the Pope f. 603. C. Sicily and Apulia offered to him by the Pope f. 609. F. He is chosen King of the Romans and Crowned at Aâ—en f. 621. A. C. His great Treasure and Riches Ibid. D. His desire to return into England f. 633. D. The Conditions on which he was to return Ibid. F. His Landing opposed by the Barons and the Oath he took f. 634. A. B. He defied the Barons and is taken Prisoner f. 641. B. D. And sent to the Tower f. 642. lin 4. His Death f. 665. E. Richard Prior of Canturbury chosen Arch-Bishop and made Legat f. 412. A. B. Richard Chancellor of Lincoln chosen Arch-Bishop of Canturbury f. 542. C. His opposition to the King in the Tax of Ecclesiasticks f. 546. A. His complaint against Hubert de Burgh but without Remedy Ibid. B. He went to Rome and complained to the Pope against King Henry the 3d. and Hubert his Justiciary f 547. B. C. His Death Ibid. D. Richmont Castle by whom Built f. 199. B. C. The Establishment of its Guard Ibid. D. E. What Lordships the Earl was possessed of f. 200. B. Baldwin de Ripariis or Rivers made Earl of Wight f. 574 A. Ripuarii who they were f. 60 F. Rishanger his Character of Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester f. 652. E. Petrus de Rivallis Bishop of Winchester Protector to Henry the 3d. f. 529. B. He was removed from Court f. 539. F. The King wholly guided by him f. 553. F. His Answer to Richard Marsechal f. 554. C. His advice to the King to reduce his Rebellious Barons by force and Arms f. 555. A. His Answer to the Preaching Friers exasperated the Bishops f. 556. B. He slighted their Threats of Excommunication Ibid. C. He was removâ—d from all secular Offices f. 559. E He was summoned to his Tryal and Committed to the Tower but taken out by the Arch-â—ishop of Canturbury f. 561. B D. E. He was sent for to Rome by the Pope to assist him in his Wars against Frederick the Emperor f. 562. E. His Death f. 571. B. Robert Duke of Normandy dyed in his return from the Holy-Land f. 186 A. Robert Eldest Son to William the Conqueror set up for King of â—ngland f. 218. D. His Chief Friends and undertakers Ibid. E. He is reconciled to King William his Brother f. 221. E. He moâ—gaged his Dukedom to him and undertook the Cross f. 223. A. B. His Preparation to invade England after King Williams Death f. 235. C. D. The Ternis on which he agreed with Henry the 1st his Brother f. 236. C. D. He released his Annuity to his Brother f. 237. B. He granted Robert Belism his Fathers Honors and Fstate f. 240. A. He is taken Prisoner and sent into England f 243. A. His Death and Burial at Glocester f. 254. D. Robert Earl of Glocester his conditional Homage to King Stephen f. 273. C. D. His great concern for Maud the Empress f. 274. F. He defied King Stephen f. 275. C. His Possessions and Castles in England seized Ibid. D. He Landed in England with the Empress f. 278. F. He went to Treat with the Legat and was taken Prisoner f. 286. C. F. He was exchanged for King Stephen f. 287. A. He put King Stephen and his Brother the Legat to flight f. 289. A. F. His Death f. 290. D. Robert Brother to Lewis King of France chosen Emperor by the Pope and Conclave f. 573. F. Rochel Surrendred to Lewis King of France f. 534. lin 1. Rochster made a Bishoprick f. 103. F. Roderick King of Connaught his resolution to oppose Dermot f. 354. A. He solicited Fitz-Stephen to desert Dermot Ibid. B. A peace between him and Dermot Ibid. C. He was overthrown by Fitz-Stephen f. 355. lin 1. Roger Bishop of Salisbury a favorer of Maud the Empress f. 275. E. F. His submission to King Stephen f. 276. B. C. His severe charge in a Council at Winchester f. 277. F. His defence and threats to appeal to Rome f. 278. B. Rolland usurped the Goverment of Galway f. 340. D. He made his peace with King Henry the 2d f. 341. D. Rollo the Dane entred France with an Army had Normandy and Britany assigned him f. 185. C. D. He turned Christian and divided his Dominions among his followers Ibid. E. F. Romans entrenched their Army every night f. 8. B. F. They were amazed at the hideous habits and gestures of the Britains f. 18. C. Their barbarous usage of Boadicia and the Britains Ibid. E. Their Subversion and ruin portended by Prodigies f. 19. A. B. Eighty thousand of them slain by the Britains Ibid. C. D. E. F. They revenge themselves on the Britains with a like slaughter f. 20. D. E. Their Division of Britain f. 36. E. F. Their departure out of Britain f. 40. A. Their Military Establishment in Britain f. 41. c. Their Garisons upon the Wall f. 45. C. Their Garisons placed in the Frontiers f. 48. A. Their Castra Stativa Hiberna and Aestiva Ibid. B. C. D. Their Ways and Stations Ibid. F. Their Soldiers burthens when they marched f. 50. A. B. How oft they exercised Ibid. William de Ross unkindly treated by Henry the Third f. 587. A. Roturiers who f. 160. C. Walter Arch-bishop of Roven Interdicted Normandy f. 453. D. The Popes advice to him f. 454. B. Rowena Hengests Daughter married to Vortigern f. 94. D. Peter Ruby sent into England to be the Popes Collector f. 576. l. 2. His Policy to get Money Ibid. A. John Rufus a quasi Legatus sent into Scotland f. 599. C. His Extortion there Ibid. Rustand sent into England to be the Popes Collector f. 615. D. The Powers granted to him and the Arch-bishop of Canturbury Ibid. His Accusation and Removal from his Dignity and Office f. 623. A. B. S. SAher Earl of Winchester adhered close to Prince Lewis f. 524. E. Saladine Emperor of the Saracens offered King Richard a Truce f. 431. F. Salic Laws when first written and why so called f. 60. A. E. Salustius Lucullus succeeded Agricola in Britain f. 27. A. Sapientes among the Saxons who they were f. 85. E. Peter of Savoy Earl of Richmond resigned his Castles to Henry the Third f. 581. C. D. Saxons who they were and from whence they came f. 44. E. They made use of the Roman Camps f. 48. E. No exact History of their Actions to be expected f. 51. C c. Their Vsages and Customs not found in our Historians f. 52. E. Nor mentioned by Tacitus Ibid. F. Their Seat and Country mentioned by Ptolemy f. 53. B. Their punishments capital the