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A05099 The second part of the French academie VVherein, as it were by a naturall historie of the bodie and soule of man, the creation, matter, composition, forme, nature, profite and vse of all the partes of the frame of man are handled, with the naturall causes of all affections, vertues and vices, and chiefly the nature, powers, workes and immortalitie of the soule. By Peter de la Primaudaye Esquier, Lord of the same place and of Barre. And translated out of the second edition, which was reuiewed and augmented by the author.; Academie françoise. Part 2. English La Primaudaye, Pierre de, b. ca. 1545.; Bowes, Thomas, fl. 1586. 1594 (1594) STC 15238; ESTC S108297 614,127 592

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from bruzing and wasting There is also in many places a certaine humour which serueth to annoint the ioynts and their ligaments and the small endes of the gristles For moisture helpeth motion very much and preserueth those partes that are mooued as wee see by experience in chariot wheeles For when the axeltrees are greazed about which they mooue they doe not onely turne about more easily but also last and continue longer whereas although they were all of yron yet they woulde weare away and be set on fire of themselues if they were not annointed and moistned with some humour Nowe let vs come to consider of the couering of mans body As therefore a man vseth not one onely garment but diuers so is it with the body For first hee is clothed with three skinnes that are great long and large with which hee is couered cleane ouer from the sole of the foote to the toppe of the head The first is a little skinne very thinne which of it selfe hath no feeling being made of the second skinne which it couereth and this second skinne is made of sinewes flesh and litle veines and in some places of little arteries being as it were of a middle nature betweene the sinewes and the flesh Therefore this skinne hath feeling throughout and is not without blood as the first is There is also a third skinne vnder the second which is more fleshy and therefore it is thicker and more strong vnto which the muscles cleaue and through which very thinne arteries and productions of sinewes passe which tie it with the other skinne The fatte of the body is betweene these two skinnes which serue the whole body not onely for a couering but also for an ornament especially those that are most without which in mens bodies stand in steade of that skinne wherewith the bodies of beasts are couered Besides these three skinnes that couer all the body there are within many other particular skins of diuers sortes to couer the members that are there which the Physicions call Membranes and Tunicles with such other names agreeable to their Arte to distinguish them one from an other according to each of their offices For there are many in the head to couer folde vp and to containe the inward partes thereof and of the braine as also in the breast and consequently in other partes and members within Among the rest some are like to nettes and coiffes others resemble littl● sackes or bandes according as those members are which they are to couer seruing also for defence vnto them and to distinguish and separate the partes one from an other Wee will leaue to the Physicion to number and to distinguish them and to name euery one by their proper name and nowe come to consider the last couering which is vpon the body in certaine places especially vpon the head and that is the haire which principally aboundeth in the head both in men and women because it proceedeth out of a moyst and soft place And to the ende it might take the better roote there the skinne that is vnderneath it is very thicke and fleshy The profite of the haire is great and serueth for many thinges First it is the ornament and beauty of the head For as the face woulde bee euill fauoured and vnsightly if it were hairy so contrariwise the head woulde bee very deformed if it were skinnelesse where it is couered with haire as we may iudge by them that haue balde heades Therefore because it is the toppe of the building of mans body God woulde haue it adorned with such a couering which also standeth him in some steade to defend his braine and to consume the grossest and most fumy excrements of which the haires of the head are ingendred so that they are a kinde of purgation for it Besides it serueth for a couering to the head which it may vse at pleasure as neede requireth against both heate and colde For it doeth not alwayes neede to bee alike couered at one time and in one age as at an other Therefore a man may let them growe or cut them or shaue them cleane off as is most commodious for euery one And when they waxe gray and white through age they put men in minde of two things First that they drawe towards the graue and death to the ende they might in good time frame themselues thitherward and if they haue gone astray in youth and forgotten God that then at length they should bethinke themselues and consider that they are no more yong and that they must shortly die for although it be late yet better late then neuer But it is best to follow Salomons counsell who admonisheth yong men to remember God before the Almond tree flourish comparing an olde man that is gray and white with age to a blossomed tree by reason of the whitenes of the floures For when a man flourisheth in this sort his floures put him in minde that the tree of his body drieth vp and that it looseth his naturall strength whereas the floures of trees are testimonies of the vigor that is yet in them to beare fruit Therfore we are very miserable if we do not glorify God in our youth neither thinke vpon any other life then this For we come farre short of the life of trees and are not of so long continuance neither are wee yeerely renued as they are which seeming to be dead in winter florish and wax greene in spring time as if they became yong againe Which thing we are not to looke for in this worlde wherein we flourish contrary to trees namely in winter which is our olde age Secondly gray and white haires warneth men to haue such manners as becommeth that age and colour that they may make olde-age reuerent according to that saying of the wise man The glory of the aged is the gray head For such are those ancient men whome God in his Law commaundeth to be honoured when hee saieth Thou shalt rise vp before the horehead and honour the person of the olde man and dread thy God I am the Lorde The same consideration also ought to be in the beard which is a great ornament to the face and serueth to distinguish the sexes and likewise the ages of men vnto whome they bring authoritie and maiestie For this cause the auncients did shaue or powle their beardes and haire in the time of mourning and affliction so that when the Prophets denounced some great aduersitie and desolation they foretolde that euery head should he ●ald and cut and shauen and the beards in like manner as it appeareth in the Prophecie of Esay against Moab and such like Wee 〈◊〉 also that Hanun king of the Ammonites shaued off the halfe of the beards of Dauids messengers to bring them in derision whereupon they would not shewe themselues openly to the people vntil their beards were growen Concerning womens haire Saint Paul testifieth expresly that God
and of the waters and cloudes contayned therein and in what perils men are 〈◊〉 why the soule and blood are put one for another of the temperature of the humors necessarie for the health and life of the body of the causes of health and of diseases and of life and death Chap. 65. 368 Of the vses and commodities of the humors ioyned with the blood and what vessels are assigned vnto them in the body and of their nature and offices and first of the cholericke humor and of the spleene then of the flegmaticke humor and of the kidneys and other vessels which it hath to purge by Chap. 66. 373 Of the names whereby the humors of the body are commonly called with the causes wherefore of the comparison betweene the corruption and temperature of the humors of the body and betweene the manners and the affections of the soule of the meanes whereby the humors corrupt and of the feauers and diseases engendred thereby of the sundry naturall temperatures in euery one Chap. 67. 379 Of the diuers temperatures and complexions of men according to the nature of humors that beare most sway in them of the disposition whereunto they are naturally mooued by them eyther to vertues or vices of the means to correct the vices and defects that may be in our naturall inclinations Chap. 68. 383 Of the restauration and reparation of all natures created by the generatiue power and vertue that is in them and namely in man what generation is and what the generatiue power of the soule is what the seede is and how generation proceedeth of strength and of infirmity Chap. 69. 388 Of the powers of the generatiue vertue and of their offices of the principall cause why God gaue to man the power of generation in what sence the reines are taken for the seate of generation how we ought rightly to consider of the generation of man Chap. 70. 393 Of the fashion of a childe in the wombe and how the members are framed one after another in the mothers belly of the time and daies within which a child is perfectly fashioned Chap. 71. 398 Of childbirth and the natural causes thereof of the great prouidence of God appearing therein of the image of our eternall natiuitic represented vnto vs in our mortall birth Chap. 72. The tenth dayes worke 404 WHy God created man naked and with lesse natural defence then he did all other liuing creatures how many wayes he recompenceth this nakednesse of the generall beauty of the whole body of man ioyned with profite and commodity Chap. 73. 409 Whether the life of the body can proceede eyter of the matter or of the composition forme and figure or of the qualities thereof or else of the harmony coniunction and agreement of all these whether any of these or al of them together can be the soule of the length and shortnes of the diuers degrees and ages and of the ende of mans life of death and of the causes both of life and death of the difference that is betweene naturall and supernaturall Philosophy in the consideration of things Chap. 74. 414 Of the causes generally of the length and shortnesse of bodily life of naturall and of violent death in what maner the life of man consisteth in his breath of the principall things required to life and without which it cannot be of the difference betwixt the life of men and the life of beastes of the image of the spirituall death in the corporall of the true comfort which wee ought to haue therein Chap. 75. 420 Of the chiefe consolations which the wisest among the Pagans and Infidels could draw from their humane reason and naturall Philosophy against death of the blaspemies vsed by Atheists and Epicures against God and nature what nature is and who they be that attribute vnto it that which they ought to attribute to God Chap. 76. 426 That there is but one soule in euery seuerall body that one and the some soule hath in it all those vertues and powers whose effects are dayly seene of the seate of the soule in the body and of the principall instrument thereof of the vnion of the body and soule of the diuers degrees of nature and of the excellency that is in it of the fountaines and bounds of all the powers and vertues of the soule Chap. 77. 432 Of the nature and varietie of the animal spirits how they are only instruments of the soule and not the soule it selfe of the nature of those bodies wherin the soule may dwell and worke of the difference that is not onely betweene the soule and the instrumente by which it worketh but also betweene the instruments themselues and their natures and offices and which of them are nearest or farthest off of the degrees that are in the vnion and coniunction of the soule with the body Chap. 78. 438 Of the diuisions of man made in the holy scriptures aswell in respect of the soule as of the body in what significations the names of soule spirit and heart are vsed therein and the causes why of the intier sanctification of man how the soule is taken for the life and for the members and instrumentes of nourishment and for nourishment it selfe Chap. 79. 444 What is meant by a liuing soule what by a sensuall and naturall body and what by a spirituall body how the name of soule is taken for all the desires of the flesh and for all things belonging to this life and not onely for the whole person aliue but also for the person being dead and for a dead 〈…〉 for the spirite sep●rate from the body Chap. 80. The Eleuenth dayes worke 490 WHether the soule of man is engendred with the body and of the same substance that the body is of or whether it be created by it selfe and of another substance whether it be needefull for vs to knowe what the soule is and what is the e●●ence thereof or onely to knowe of what qualitie it is with the workes and effects thereof Chap. 81. 495 Whether there be any thing mortall in the soule of man of the distinction betweene the soule and the powers of it of the opinion of Philosophers and what agreement is betweene them touching the soule of brute beasts and the nature and substance of it of their opinion that deriue the soule of man and the soule of beasts from one sou●taine of them that ascend higher and of their reaso●● Chap. 82. 499 Of the opinion of Galen of Plato and of Aristotle touching the substance and nature of mans soule of the opinion of Occ●m touching the vegetatiue and sensitue power thereof and of the distinction of soules he maketh in man of the sentence of the Platonists and of Origen touching the creation birth and nature of the soule of the coniunction of the soule with the body and the estate thereof in the same Chap. 83. 503 Of the opinion of the Platonists and some others touching the substance of mens
belonging to the sight are of which bring the facultie and vertue of seeing vnto the eyes as likewise it is of the same temperament with the coats and humors of which the eyes are compounded being diuided and distributed to eche sundrie part by a naturall propertie inherent in them The like is done in the eares and in other members and instruments of the corporal senses and in all the other partes of the body euen to the very nailes and haires thereof Wherein truely wee see wonderfull alterations and a most admirable woorke of Gods prouidence whether it bee considered in the whole earth and in this great world or in man who is the litle world Now for the sequele of our speech before wee come to speake of the speciall offices and effectes of the three humours ioyned with the blood of which wee haue heere spoken wee are to consider besides this distribution made of the nourishment by meanes of the veynes as it hath beene tolde vs of another meane by which these humours and especially the flegmatike ascend vp vnto the braine whereby it commeth to passe that in man as well as in the great world there are waters aboue and belowe which are the cause that mans life swimmeth in the middest of a great danger Also wee are to knowe why the soule and the blood are often taken eche for other and to be instructed in the temperature of the humors necessarily belonging to the bodie for the health and life thereof as likewise to consider of the causes of health and sicknesse and of life and death But this shall bee for to morowe when thou ASER shalt vndertake the discourse of these things so farre foorth as is requisite for vs to know The end of the eight dayes worke THE NINTH dayes worke Of the vapours that ascend vp to the braine and of the waters and cloudes conteined therein and in what perils men are thereby why the soule and blood are put one for another of the temperature of the humors necessary for the health and life of the body of the causes of health and of diseases and of life and death Chap. 65. ASER It is the saying of an ancient Philosopher that they which saile vpon the water are not aboue two or three fingers breadth distant from death namely so farre off as the thicknes of the plankes and timber of the ship is in which they are caried into the Sea For if that timber were taken from vnder them they cannot auoyd drowning vnlesse they can swimme like fishes But not to saile on the sea or vpon a lake or riuer to approch neere to death we haue it a great deale neerer vs when we cary about vs infinite causes and meanes whereby we are euery houre in danger of stifling and as it were of drowning and that both waking sleeping eating and drinking within doores and without at all times and in al places whersoeuer we become Insomuch that of what estate and disposition soeuer men are we are oftentimes astonished to heare tydings of a mans death sooner then of his sickenesse whom wee saw not long before mery cheerefull and in good health Now we may learne some chiefe causes hereof by this dayes handling of that matter Subiect which was yesterday propounded to bee discoursed vpon And first we must know that besides the distribution of all the humours together with the blood into all parts of the bodie by the veines and that for the causes before learned there is yet another meane whereby these humors especially the flegmatike humour which is of the nature of the water ascend vp vnto the braine by reason of vapours arising vpward out of the stomacke like to the vapour of a potte seething on the fire with liquor in it and like to vapours that ascend vp from the earth into the ayre of which raine is engendred Now when these vapours are come vp to the braine they returne to their naturall place and into the nature of those humours of which they were bred as the vapours that are held in the aire turne againe into the same nature of water of which they came Therefore as the waters are contained within the cloudes in the region of the aire allotted vnto them so is it with our braine which is of a colde nature and of a spongie substance fitte for that purpose So that we alwayes carie within it as it were cloudes full of water and of other humours that distil and runne downe continually by the members and passages which God hath appointed to that ende as wee haue alreadie hearde And these places albeit they serue especially to purge seuerall humors as hath beene tolde vs yet oftentimes they voide them altogether both by reason of their mingling and coniunction as of their ouer great abundance Yea many times they are so plentifull namely the flegmatike humour that because the braine cannot sufficiently discharge it selfe of them by the ordinary way these humors ouerflowe on all sides wheresoeuer they can finde any vent and issue euen as when a thundering cloude bursteth asunder So that the water runneth not downe as it were a milde and gentle raine but as a mighty flood that bringeth great ruines with it or as a riuer passing his ordinary course breaketh downe both banke and wall and ouerfloweth euery where Therefore we may well say that many times we haue floods of water enclosed within our heads and braines when wee neuer thinke of it nor yet consider in what danger we are Which the more secrete and vnknowen it is vnto vs the more perillous it is and greatlier to be feared especially considering it is so neere vs and that wee haue fewer meanes to auoyde it as wee haue daily examples in many who being in health and mery are sodainely choked by catarrhes which like to floods of waters runne downewards as the very name deriued from the Grecians doeth import as much or by some sodaine Apoplexie how healthy soeuer before they seemed to bee Others also there are who if they be not presently choked with such floods from the brain yet they are taken with palsies lamenesse and impotencie in all their members or at leastwise in some of them as if some waterflood had caried them away so that nothing had beene saued but the bare life and that more fraile and miserable then death it selfe I speake not of gowtie persons who although they be not assaulted with such great and vehement floods of waters and with euill and superfluous humours so that some few droppes onely of which they are so called fall vpon some partes of them yet are they greatly tormented constrained to crie out and that oftentimes in extreme distresse Which consideration ought to stirre vs vp to know wherein our life and preseruation thereof consisteth and of whom we holde it And on the other side although we had no examples of floods and inundations of waters of earthquakes and such other