their coūtrey men there the other that could not make shift to get away were slain anon after by the English men that one of them was not to bee founde aliue within any of the English Dominions And such was the ende of the Pictes that fledde vnto the English men for succour In this meane tyme the Scottish king Donald being restored againe to his Countrey was receyued with more ioy and honour than hee had deserued in hope yet by this scourge of aduerse fortune that he woulde haue reformed his former abuses Neuerthelesse King Donald falleth to hys old vices againe he had not bin at home any long time but that he fell to his old vicious trade of life againe remouing from his companie suche honorable personages as wished the suretie of his estate with the aduācement of the cōmon welth to the reliefe and ease of his poore miserable subiects At length the nobles of the realm perceiuing the daunger that their countrey stoode in by reason of Donaldes insolent misorder vndiscrete rule and gouernment King Donalde is laid in prisō they found meanes to apprehend and commit him vnto safe keeping but the monstrous creature within a fewe dayes after he was thus put in ward He slaieth him selfe in prison 860. in great desperation slue himselfe in the sixt yeare after he began his infortunate raigne in the yeare of our saniour 860. The same yeare that the realme of Scotlande was brought vnto such miserable state by the puissant force of the English men and Brytains as aboue is rehearsed there were sundrie wonders heard of in the countrey A young babe giueth warning vnto hys mother as in Lothian a childe of one Moneth olde and a halfe admonished the mother to flie out of that countrey for it woulde come to passe that the enimies shoulde come and take that region out of the Scottish mens hands Beasts also as they were pasturing abrode in the fieldes there roaring after a straunge sort Beastes roaryng dyed sodenly dyed Fishes likewise in shape resembling the figure of man Fishes lyke in shape to men were founde deade in the sandes of the Scottish sea In Galloway there fell such abundance of Adders and Snakes out of the skie Adders snakes fell downe out of the sky that the ayre being corrupted with the sauour of them lying on the grounde both men and beastes dyed of certain diseases which they tooke through infection thereof Such as were accounted to be skilfull in diuination affyrmed that these things did signifie an infortunate raigne with an euill ende vnto king Donalde as afterwardes it happened The interpretation of the prodigious things who hauing made away himselfe in prison as before is expressed Constantine the sonne of king Kenneth was crowned king at Scone King Cōstantine Crowned in the Chayre of Marble there according to the maner as then vsed After his first entring into the estate he would gladly haue gone in hād with the warres against y e English mē He fain would recouer his predecessours losses to haue recouered out of their possessions those countreys which they had lately taken from the Scottes in his predecessors time but his counsell aduised him otherwise He was aduised otherwise by his counsel declaring that the estate of the common wealth was so decayed by the misgouernance of his sayde predecessour that till the same were refourmed and suche intestine discorde as through licencious libertie raigned amongst his subiects might be appeased and quieted there was no hope to atchieue anye worthie enterprise abrode agaynst forraine enimies Hereupon by theyr aduertisements and good aduice Misorders are redressed hee deuised a reformation of all such misorders as were growen vp in al partes of his realme and first for the spiritualtie he ordayned that Priestes should attende their cures Priestes should onely attende their vocation and not to intermeddle with any secular businesse but to be free from going forth to the warres neyther should they keepe horses hawkes or hounds And if any of them wer found negligent in doing his duetie apperteyning to his vocation A penaltie for not doing their dueties he should for the first fault forfeyt a peece of money but for the second he should lose his benefice Youth shoulde eate but one meale a day For the youth of his realme he tooke order to brydle them the better from wanton delites and sensuall lustes that none of them shoulde haue past one meale a day and that of no fine or daintie delicates and to abstaine from all such drinke as might distemper their brayne so that if anye yong person Drunkennes punished with death either man or woman were known to be dronken they should die for it He commaunded further that all the youth of his realme shoulde exercise running wrastling shooting throwing of the dart and bowle so to auoyde slouthfulnesse that their bodies myghte with such exercises be made the more able to endure paynes and trauaile and for the same purpose he tooke order that they shoulde lye vpon the bare bourdes with one mantell onely throwne vnder them Youth to be treined vp in hardnesse so that they should tast nothing neither by day nor night that might noozell them in any wanton delytes or effeminate pleasures Kepers of bāketting houses to be banished It was also ordeyned that all such as kept vitayling houses for banketting cheare should be banished the realme with those that kept brothell houses Thus were the Scottes by obseruing of these ordinances Scottes were made sober able to abyde hardnes made within short time of gluttons excessiue feeders sober and temperate men of delicate and easefull persons hard tough and able to abide any trauail or labour were the same neuer so painfull and hereof the state of the common wealth began to grow to good perfection so that Constantines administration was lyked of the most part of all his subiects The first that went about to disquiet the prosperous raigne of that worthie Prince was one Euan Euan disquieted the king and realme a man of an aūcient house borne in the Westerne Iles. Such hath bene the vnquiet nature of the Scottish men euen from the beginning The vnquiet nature of Scottish men neuer to liue contented any long tyme eyther with peace or warre for being once a wearied with the charges of the warres they straight wayes wishe for peace and hauing in time of peace heaped togither some wealth then can they not suffer the gouernment of their superiours but either are readie to fall out with some forraine enimie or else to raise some commotion amongst themselues This Euan therefore being the kings Lieutenant of his Castell of Dunstafage in Louchquhaber Euan Lieutenant of Dunstafage conspireth agaynst the king practised a conspiracie agaynst the king with a number of other light persons being gentlemen borne mislyking the administration of things onely
stoode by him I deliuer my selfe an vnworthie and grieuous sinner vnto you the ministers of God by this corde beseeching our Lorde Iesus Christ whiche pardoned the theefe confessing hys faultes on the Crosse that throughe your prayers and for his great mercyes sake it may please him to bee mercifull vnto my soule wherevnto they all answered Amen Then sayde he vnto them drawe me out of this bedde with this Corde and lay me in that bedde strewed with Ashes which he had of purpose prepared and as he commaunded so they did He is drawne out of his bed a thing vnlike to be true and they layde at his feete and at his heade two greate square stones And thus hee beeyng prepared to death he willed that his bodie after his deceasse shoulde be conueyed into Normandie and buryed at Rouen And so after he had receyued the Sacrament of the bodie and bloud of our Lorde hee departed this life as afore is sayde His death about the .xxviij. yeare of his age Thus dyed this yong King in hys flourishing youth to whome through hys owne iust desertes long lyfe was iustly denyed sithe hee delyghted to begynne his gouernement wyth vnlawfull attemptes as an other Absolon agaynste hys owne naturall Father seeking by wrongfull violence to pull the Scepter out of his hande Hee is not put in the number of Kings bycause he remayned forthe more parte vnder the gouernaunce of his father and was taken oute of this lyfe before hys father so that hee rather bare the name of king as appoynted to raigne than that he maye bee sayde to haue raigned in deede His body after his death was coÌ„ueyed towards Rouen there to be buried accordingly as hee had wylled Nic. Triuet but when those that had charge to conuey it thyther were come vnto the Citie of Mauns the Bishoppe there and the Cleargie would not suffer them to go any further wyth it but committed it to buryall in honourable wyfe within the Church of Saint Iulian. When the Citizens of Rouen were hereof aduertised they were sore offended with that doing streyght wayes sent vnto them of Mauns requyring to haue the corps dâ—…liuered threatning otherwise with manye earnest othes to fetche it from them by force King Henrie therefore to sette order in thys matter commaunded that the corps of his sonne the King shoulde bee deliuered vnto them of Rouen to be buryed in theyr Citie as he himselfe had willed before his death And so it was taken vp and conueyed to Rouen The bodie of the yong kiâ—â— lastly buried at Rouen where it was eftsoones there buryed in the Churche of oure Ladie King Henrie after his sonne the king was thus deade enforced hys power more earnestly than before to winne the Citie and Castell of Lymoges whiche hee hadde besieged â—…ymoges renâ—â—ed to king â—…enrie and at length had them bothe rendred ouer into hys handes with all other Castelles and places of strength kept by his enimies in those partyes of the which some he furnished with garnisons and some hee caused to bee razed flatte wyth the grounde There rose aboute the same tyme occasion of strife and variaunce betwixt king Henry and the Frenche King aboute the enioying of the Countrey lying about Gysors cleped Veulquesine â—…eulquesine on thys syde the Ryuer of Hept whiche was gyuen vnto King Henrie the Sonne in consideration of the maryage had betwixt hym and Queene Margaret the Frenche Kinges sister For the Frenche King nowe after the death of hys brother in lawe King Henrie the sonne requyred to haue the same restored vnto the Crowne of France but king Henrie was not willing to depart with it The kings of â—…ngland and â—…rance talke â—â—gither At length they mette betwixt Trie and Gysors to talke of the matter where they agreed that Queene Margaret the widow of the late deceassed king Henrie the sonne shoulde receyue yearely during hir lyfe .1750 poundes of Aniouyn money at Paris of king Henry the father and his heires in consideration whereof shee shoulde release and quiteclayme all hir right to those lands that were demaunded as Veulquesine and others Shortly after Geffrey Earle of Brytayne came to his father and submitting himselfe was reconciled to him and also to his brother Richard Earle of Poictou An. Reg. 30 Also I finde that king Henrie at an enteruiew had betwixt him and the French king at their accustomed place of meeting betwixt Trie and Gisors on Saint Nicholas day did his homage to the same French king for the lands which he held of him on that side the sea which to doe till then he had refused The same yeare king Henrie helde his Christmasse at the Citie of Mauns Also when the king had agreed the Frenche king and the Earle of Flaunders 1184 for the controuersie that chaunced betwixt them about the landes of Vermendoys he passed through the Earle of Flanders Countrey and comming to Wysande tooke shippe and sayled ouer into Englande landing at Douer the tenth day of Iune with his daughter the Duches of Saxonie The duchesse of Saxonie deâ—…iuered of a â—…onne the which was afterwardes deliuered of a sonne at Winchester and hir husbande the Duke of Saxonie came also this yeare into Englande and was ioyfully receyued and honourably interteyned of the king his father in lawe There died this yeare sundry honorable personages as Simon Erle of Huntington that was son to SimoÌ„ Erle of Northampton after whose decease the king gaue his erledome vnto his brother Dauid or as Radulfus de Diceto sayth Death of noble men bycause the said Simon died without issue the king gaue the Erledom of Huntingt vnto Wil. king of Scots son to Erle Henry that was son to K. Dauid Also the Erle of Warwik died this yere Thomas Fitz Bernard L. chiefe iustice of the Forests which roumth Alain de Neuill had enioyed before him But now after the death of this Tho. Fitz Bernard The gouernment of the forests deuided the k. diuided his forests into sundrie quarters to euerie quarter he appointed foure iustices two of y e spiritualtie two knights of the temporaltie beside two generall wardens that were of his owne-seruants to be as surueyers aboue all other Foresters of vert venison whose office was to see that no misorder nor spoyle were committed within any groundes of Warren coÌ„trarie to the assises of Forests There dyed this yeare also diuerse Prelates as foure Bishoppes to witte Gerald surnamed la Pucelle Bishop of Chester Walranne Bishop of Rochester Ioceline Bishop of Salisburie and Bartholmew bishop of Exeter There died also diuerse Abbots vpon the .xvj. of Febuarie died Richard Archbish of Canterburie in the .xj. yeare after his first entring into the gouernment of that sea His bodie was buried at Canterburie He was noted to be a man of euill life and wasted the goodes of that Churche inordinately It was reported that before his death
Rome of the order of Consuls Aulus Plautius was sente hither as the first Legate or Lieutenant in manner as before ye haue heard and after him Ostorius Scapula the whiche Scapula at his comming Ostorius Scapula founde the Isle in trouble Cor. Tacitus lib. 12. the enimies hauing made inuasioÌ„ into the countrey of those that were frieÌ„ds to the Romaynes the more presumptuously for that they thought a new Lieutenaunt with an army to him vnaquaynted and commen ouer nowe in the beginning of Winter woulde not be hastie to march foorth against them But Ostorius vnderstanding that by the firste successe and chance of warre feare or hope is bredde and augmented hasteth forwarde to encounter with them and such as he findeth abroade in the countrey he sleath downe right on euery side and pursueth such as fledde to the ende they shoulde not come togither againe and for that a displeasant and a doubtfull peace was not like to bring quietnesse eyther to him or to his army hee tooke from such as he suspected theyr armour And after this hee goeth about to defende the ryuers of Auon and Seuerne with placing his souldiers in campes fortifyed neere to the same But the Oxfordshire menne and other of those parties would not suffer hym to accomplish his purpose in any quiet sort being a puissant kynd of people not hitherto weakened by warres for they willingly at the first had ioyned in amitie with the Romaines Cornelius Tacit lib. 12. The Countreys adioyning also being induced by their procuremente came to theÌ„ and so they chose foorth a plotte of grounde fensed with a mightie ditche vnto the whiche there was no way to enter but one and the same very narrowe so as the horsemen could not haue any easie passage to breake in vpon them Ostorius although he hadde no legionarie Souldiers but certayne bandes of aydes marcheth foorthe towards the place within the which the Britaines were lodged and assaulting them in the same breaketh through into their camp wher the Britaynes being impeached with their owne inclosiers whiche they had reysed for defense of the place knowing how for their rebellion they were like to finde smal mercy at the Romaynes haÌ„ds when they sawe now no way to escape layde about them manfully and shewed greate proofe of their valiant stomackes Which was a certayne Crowne to be set on his head called ciuica corona In this battell the sonne of the Lieutenante M. Ostorius deserued the price and commendation of preseruing a Citizen out of the enimies hands But nowe with this slaughter of the Oxefordshire menne dyuers of the Britaynes that stoode doubtfull what way to take eyther to rest in quiet or to moue warres were contented to bee reformable vnto a reasonable order of peace and so Ostorius leadeth hys armye againste the people called Cangi Cangi that inhabited that parte of Wales that nowe is called Denhighshire whiche countrey hee spoyled on euery side no enemie once daring to encounter him and if any of them aduentured priuily to set vpon those whiche they founde behinde or on the outsides of his army they were cut shortere they could escape out of daunger Wherevpon hee marched straighte to their campe and giuing them battell vanquisheth them And vsing the victory as reason moued him he leadeth his army againste those that inhabited the inner partes of Wales spoyling the countrey on euery side And thus sharply pursuing the Rebells he approched neere to the Sea side whiche lyeth ouer against Ireland Whilest this Romane Captayne is thus occupied hee was called backe by the Rebellion of the Yorkeshire men whome forth with vppon his commyng vnto them he appeased punishyng the first authors of that tumult with death In the meane tyme Cor. 〈◊〉 lib. 12. the people called Silures beeyng a very fierce kynde of menne and right valiante prepare to make warre agaynste the Romaynes for they mighte not 〈…〉 neyther with roughnesse nor yet with any curteous handling so that they were to be tamed by an army of legionary souldiers to be brought among them Therefore to restrayne the furious rage of those people and their neighbours Ostorius peopled a Towne neere to their bordures called CamulodunuÌ„ with certayne bandes of olde Souldiers there to inhabite with theyr Wiues and children according to such manner as was vsed in like cases of placing naturall Romaynes in any Towne or Citie for the more suretie and defence of the same There was a Castell of great fame in tymes past that hight Cameletum or in Brittishe Caermalet whiche stoode in the Marches of Sommersetshire but sith there is none that hathe so written before thys tyme I will not saye that happily some error hathe growen by mistakyng the name of Camalodunum for this Camaletum by such as haue copyed foorthe the Booke of Cornelius Tacitus and yet so it myght be done by suche as found it short or vnperfectly written namely by suche straungers or other to whome onely the name of Camulodunum was onely knowne and Camaletum peraduenture neuer seene nor heard of As for ensample an Englishman that hath heard of Waterforde in Ireland and not of Wexforde might in taking foorthe a copie of some writing easily committe a faulte in noting the one for the other We fynde in Ptolomei Camudolon to bee a Citie belonging to the Trinobantes and he maketh mention also of Camulodunum but Humfrey Llhuyde thinketh that hee meaneth all one Citie Notwithstanding Polidore Vergill is of a contrary opinion supposing the one to be Colchester indeede and the other that is Camelodunum to be Duncaster or Pontfret Leland esteeming it to be certaynely Colchester taketh the Iceni also to be the Northfolke men But howe so euer we shall take thys place of Tacitus it is euidente ynough that Camulodunum stoode not farre from the Thaymes And therefore to seeke it with Hector Boetius in Scotlande or with Polidore Vergill so farre as Doncaster or Poutfret it may bee thought a playne error but to leaue each man to his owne iudgemente in a matter so doubtfull as to many it seemeth to be we will proceede with the historie touching the warres betwixte the Romaynes and the Sylarians againste whome trusting not only vppon theyr owne manhoode but also vppon the hygh prowes and valiancie of Caractacus Ostorius set forwarde â—…ornelius â—…acitus â—… Anna. 12. Caractacus excelled in fame aboue all other the Princes of Britaine aduanced therto by many doubtfull aduentures and many prosperous exploytes whiche in his tyme he hadde atchieued but as hee was in policie and aduauntage of place better prouided than the Romaines so in power of Souldiers hee was ouermatched And therefore he remoued the warre into the partes of that countrey where the Ordouices inhabited whiche are thoughte to haue dwelled in the bordures of Shropshire â—…u Lloyde Cheshire and Lancashire the which people togither with other that misliked of the Romayne gouernemente he ioyned in one and chose foorthe a
.xviij. yeare of his raigne he besieged Sommerton Ran. Cestren and wanne it Hee also inuaded Northumberlande and gotte there great ryches by spoyle and pyllage whiche hee brought from thence without any battaile offered to him The Welchmen he ouercame in battaile H. Hunt being then at quiet and ioyned as coÌ„federates with Cuthred K. of West SaxoÌ„s But in the .xxxvij. yeare of his raigne hee was ouercome in battaile at Bereforde by the same Cuthred Bereforde with whome he was fallen at variance and within foure yeres after that is to witte in the .xlj. yeare of hys raigne 755 Three miles from Tamworth hee was slaine in battaile at Secandone or Sekenton by his owne subiectes whiche arreared warres agaynste hym by the procurement and leading of one Bernred VVil. Malm. which after hee had slayne his naturall Prince tooke vppon him the Kingdome but he prospered not long being slaine by Offa that succeeded him in rule of the kingdome of Mercia 758 Math. VVest as after shall be shewed The bodie of Ethelbald was buried at Ripton Bonifarius the Archbishop of Menze or Maguntze The hystorie 〈◊〉 Magd. hauing assembled a Councell wyth other Byshoppes and Doctours deuised a letter and sent it vnto this Ethilbert commending him for his good deuotion and charitie in almes gyuing to the reliefe of the poore and also for his vpright dealing in administration of Iustice to the punishment of robbers and such lyke misdoers but in that he absteyned from maryage and wallowed in filthie lecherie with diuerse women and namely with Nunnes they sore blamed him and withall declared in what infamie the whole Englishe Nation in those dayes remayned by common report in other Countreys for theyr lycencious lyuing in sinfull fornication and namely the moste parte of the Noble men of Mercia by hys euill example did forsake theyr wyues Nunnes kept or concubines and defloured other women whiche they kept in adulterie as Nunnes and other Moreouer hee sheweth howe that suche euill women as well Nunnes as other vsed to make awaye in secrete wise theyr children whiche they bare oute of wedlocke and so fylled the graues wyth deade bodyes and hell wyth damned soules The same Bonifacius in an other Epystle whiche hee wrote vnto Cutbert the Archbyshop of Canterburie counsayleth him not to permitte the Englishe Nunnes to wander abrode so often on Pylgrymage Pilgrimage of Nunnes bycause there were fewe Cities eyther in Fraunce or Lombardye wherein might not bee founde English women that lyued wantonlye in fornication and whordome Kings of the East Saxons Bed li. 5. ca. 20 Offa king of East Saxons In this meane tyme Sigharde and Seufred Kings of the East Saxons being departed thys lyfe one Offa that was sonne to Sigerius succeeded in gouernment of that Kingdome a man of greate towardnesse and of right comely countenaunce but after hee had ruled a certayne tyme hee beeing mooued of a religious deuotion wente vnto Rome in companie of Kenred King of Mercia and of one Ergvine Byshoppe of Worcester and beeing there shauen into the order of Monkes so continued tyll hee dyed King Selred After him one Selred the sonne of Sigbert the good ruled the East Saxons the tearme of xxxviij yeares Harison .28 After that Aldulfe the King of East-Angles was departed thys life 688 whiche chaunced aboute the yeare of oure Lorde .688 his brother Eltwolde or Aekwolde succeeded him and raigned about .xij. yeares Harison .2 After whose deceasse one Beorne was made king of Eastangles and raigned about .xxvj. yeares Harison .36 In this meane while that is to witte in the yeare of oure Lorde .705 705 Alfride king of Northumberlande beeing deade his sonne Osred 〈…〉 Osred king of Northumberlande a childe of .viij. yeares of age succeeded hym in the kingdome and raigned .xj. yeares spending hys time when he came to rype yeares in fylthie abusing his bodie wyth Nunnes and other religious women About the seuenth yeare of his raigne 〈…〉 that is to witte in the yeare of oure Lorde .711 one of his Captayne 's named Earle Berthfride fought with the Pictes betwixte two places called Heue and Cere and obteyning the victorie Pictes oâ—…eâ—…throwne by the Northâ—â—bers 〈◊〉 an huge number of the enimies At length King Osred by the trayterous meanes of hys cousins that arreared warre agaynste him was slaine in battaile King Osred slaine in battaile and so ended his raigne leauing to those that procured his death the lyke fortune in tyme to come For Kenred raigning two yeares and Osricke tenne yeares were famous onely in this that beeing woorthilye punished for shedding the bloud of theyr naturall Prince and soueraigne Lorde they finished their lyues with dishonourable deathes as they had well deserued Osricke before his death whiche chaunced in the yeare of oure Lorde .729 appoynted Ceolvolfe the brother of his predecessour Kenred 729 to succeede him in the kingdome whiche hee did raigning as king of the Northumbers by the space of .viij. yeares currant and then renouncing his kingdome became a Monke in the I le of Lindesferne In this meane while Beda Acca Bishop of Hexham Byshoppe Wilfride being dead one Acca that was his Chaplain was made Bishop of Hexham The foresayde Wilfride had beene Bishop by the space of .xlv. yeares but hee lyued a long tyme in exyle For first beeyng Archbyshoppe of Yorke and exercising his iurisdiction ouer all the North partes hee was after banished by king Egbert and agayne restored to the Sea of Hexham in the seconde yeare of king Alfride and within fiue yeares after eftsoones banyshed by the same Alfride and the seconde tyme restored by his successour king Osred in the fourth yeare of whose raigne beeing the yeare after the Incarnation of oure Sauiour 709. hee departed this lyfe and was buryed at Rippon Moreouer after Iohn the Archebyshoppe of Yorke had resigned one Wilfride surnamed the seconde was made Archebishoppe of that Sea whiche Wilfride was Chaplayne to the sayde Iohn and gouerned that Sea by the space of fiftene yeares and then died Aboute the yeare of oure Lorde .710 710 the Abbot Adrian whiche came into this lande wyth Theodore the Archebyshoppe of Canterburie as before yee haue hearde departed thys lyfe aboute .xxxix. yeares after his comming thyther â—…wo Bishops 〈◊〉 Also Inas the king of West Saxons aboute the .xx. yeare of his raigne Mat. VVest deuided the Prouince of the West Saxons into two Byshoppes Seas where as before they had but one Daniel was ordeyned to gouerne the one of those Seas Bishop Daniel being placed at Winchester hauing vnder him Sussex Southerie and Hamshire and Aldhelme was appoynted to Shireburne hauing vnder him Barkeshire Wyltshire Sommersetshire Dorsetshyre Deuonshire and Cornwall This Aldhelme was a learned man Bishop Aldelm and was first made Abbot of Malmesburie in the yeare of our Lorde .675 by Eleutherius then Bishop of the
theÌ„ very oft escaped The violence that was done to any one of them was reputed coÌ„mon to al such was their deadly fude conceyued in these cases that vntil they had requited the like with more extremity they would neuer be quiet nor let go their displeasure The noblest most couragious Gentleman would soonest desire to be placed in the forewarde where his vassalage or seruice manhood should readiliest be seene â–ª and such was the friendship of the nobility amongst theÌ„selues that whylest they contended which of them should be most faithful frendly to other they would oft fal out quarel one w t another Somtimes it hapned y t their Captaine was beset w t extreme peril or peraduenture some other of the nobility in which cases they y t were of his â—…aÌ„d wold suddenly rush in thorow y e thickest of their enimies vnto him deliuer him or els 〈◊〉 they could not so do they would altogither lose their liues with him thinking it a perpetuall note of reproche to ouerliue their leader The graues sepulchres of our noblemen had commoÌ„ly so many Obeliskes spires pitched about them as the deceased had killed enimies before time in y e fielde if any souldier had ben found in the fielde without his flint tinder boxe or had walked or gone vp downe with his sworde at his side and not naked in his haÌ„d for then vsed they light armor for y e most part he was terribly scourged but he that solde or morgaged his weapon was forthwith cut froÌ„ his company banished as an exile he that fled or went froÌ„ the battayle without leaue of his Capitayne was slayne wheresoeuer he was mette afterward without any iudgement or sentence and all his goodes coÌ„fiscated to the Prince Their light armour in those dayes consisted of the launce the bow the long sword which hanged at the side of y e owner therto a buckler but afterward heauier armour came into generall vsage In these dayes also the womeÌ„ of our country were of no lesse courage than the men for al stout maydeÌ„s wiues if they were not with childe marched so wel into the field as did the men so soone as the army did set forward they slew the first liuing creature y t they fouÌ„d in whose bloud they not onely bathed their swordes but also tasted thereof with their moâ—…thes with no lesse religioÌ„ assurance conceyued than if they had already bene sure of some notable fortunate victory when they saw their owne bloud run froÌ„ them in the fight they wexed neuer a whit astonnied with the matter but rather doubling their courages with more egernesse they assailed their enimies This also is to be noted of theÌ„ that they neuer sought any victory by treason falshed or sleight as thinking it a great reproch to winne the fielde any otherwise than by mere manhood prowesse playne dealing When they went foorth vnto the warres eche one went with the King of his owne cost except the hyred soldier which custome is yet in vse If any were troubled with the falling Euyll or Lepre or fallen frantike or otherwise out of his wits they were diligeÌ„tly sought out least those diseases should passe further by infectuous generatioÌ„ vnto their issue posterity they gelded the meÌ„ But y e womeÌ„ were secluded into some odde place farre off from the coÌ„pany of men where if she afterward hapned to be gotten with childe both she the infant were runne thorow with a launce gluttons raueners droÌ„kardes egregious deuouters of victualles were punished also by death first being permitted to deuour so much as they listed theÌ„ drowned in one fresh riuer or other Furthermore as iustice in time of warre was coÌ„monly driueÌ„ to perke so in daies of peace our countreymen that offended were oft seuerely punished with inconuenient rigor For they wel considered that after their people should returne and come home againe from the warres they would be giueÌ„ to so many enormities that the same theyr excesse should hardly be rest layned but by extreeme seuerity suche also was theyr nature that so soone as they knew themselues guilty of any offence committed agaynst the estate or coÌ„mon wealth that first attempt was to set discord amongst the Pictes Princes of the realme neuerthelesse when they are gently intreated with commons moderation they are found to be very tâ—…actable pliant vnto reason in priuate bargaines contractes they are so willing to giue euery man his owne that they will yeelde the more And so farre is it growne into a some eueÌ„ in these our dayes that except there be some sâ—…plusage aboue the bare couenaunt they will breake of and not go forwarde with the bargayne They vsed at the first the rites and maners of the Egyptians froÌ„ whence they came in al their priuate affayres they vsed not to write with common letters as other nations did but rather with Cyphers and figures of creatures made in maner of letters as their Epitaphes vpon their tombes sepultures remayning amoÌ„gst vs do hitherto declare Neuerthelesse in our times this Hietoglyphical maner of writing I wote not by what meanes is perished lost and yet they haue certaine letters propre vnto theÌ„selues which were sometime in coÌ„mon vse but among such as retaine the auncient spech they haue their aspiratioÌ„s dipthoÌ„gs pronunciation better than any other The coÌ„mon sorte are not in vre withall but onely they which inhabite in the higher part of the couÌ„try sith they haue their language more eloquent and apt than others they are called Poetes they make also Poetes w t great solemnity honour being borne out therein by the authority of the Prince Beside y e skil also of many other artes sciences whose rules Methodes are turned into y e sayd language are giueÌ„ by tradition froÌ„ theyr elders they chiefly excel in Phisick wherin they go far beyond many other who learning of theÌ„ y e natures qualitie of such hearbes as grow in those quarters do heale al maner of diseases eueÌ„ by their only applicatioÌ„ Certes there is no regioÌ„ in y e whole world so barreÌ„ vnfruteful through distauÌ„ce froÌ„ the Sunne but by y e prouidence of God all maner of necessaries for the sustentatioÌ„ of mankind dwelling there are to be had therin if y e inhabitants were such as had any skil how to vse y e same in order Neuerthelesse our elders which dwelled continually vpoÌ„ the Marches of England learned y e Saxon toung through coÌ„tinuall trade of marchandize and hazard of the warres long since whereby it came to passe that we neglected our owne language and our owne maners and thereto bothe our auncient order in writing and speakyng is vtterly left among vs that inhabite neare vnto theÌ„ wheras contrary wise those that dwell in the mouÌ„taines reteyne still their auncient speach letters almost all
all withdrawe towardes him into the south partes to keepe yet the more fruitfull portion of the Isle in due obedience sithe their puissance might not suffice to retaine and rule the whole These newes greatly washed the Romaine armie and muche the more for that aboute the same time it was shewed them howe king Galde with an huge armie of Scottish men and Pictes was come within tenne myles of them Wherevpon the Romaines not knowing at that instant what was best for them to doe in the ende they concluded to withdrawe into Cantyr where being arriued The romains withdraw into Cantyr and after into Galloway and perceyuing themselues as yet to be in no great suretie there they went away from thence with speede into Galloway In the meane time king Galde supposing it best eftsoones to fight with them ere they mighte haue any space to reenforce their power Galde pursueth the romaines followed them with all diligence not forcing thoughe hee left behinde him diuerse Castelles and fortresses furnished with sundrie garrisons of his enimies so that he might discomfit and chase away their maine power whiche hee thought might as then easily be done considering the great multitudes of people whiche came flocking in on eche syde presenting themselues with offering their se◅ vnto him shewing furthermore great tokens of ioy and gladnesse for that it had pleased the gods at length yet to declare themselues fauourable in this their relieuing of the oppressed Brytaynes Herevnto Galdus on the other syde giuing them heartie thankes for their trauayle hee receyued them very gently myxing his talke wyth most confortable wordes therewith to put them in hope of such good and prosperous successe as that shortly they shoulde thereby bee restored intyrely vnto theyr former liberties and perpetually delyuered from all forrayne seruitude and bondage But to proceede at length he did so much by his iourneys that hee came into Galloway The romains determine againe to fight with the Scots where the Romaines with al speede seeing none other remedie resolued themselues to giue him battayle and therevppon exhorting one an other to playe the men sithe theyr onely refuge rested in their weapons poyntes they fiercelye gaue the onsette and at the first put the lefte wing of the Scottes and Pictes wholy vnto the worst The romain◅ fiercely assaile the Scottes In whiche wing according to their maner in those dayes vsed there were a greate number of women mingled amongest the men Galde therefore perceyuing the daunger succoured them with such as were appoynted to giue the looking on till neede requyred and then to go where they shoulde bee commaunded By whiche meanes the battayle on that syde was re◅ued a freshe the women shewing no lesse valiancie than the menne Straunge dealing in womē and contrarie to their nature and therewith muche more crueltie for they spared none at all thoughe they offered neuer so muche to haue there lyues preserued In fine the Romaines beeing chased in the left wing their ouerthrow gaue occasion to al the residue to flee backe to their campe The romains flie to their campe being pursued so egrely by the Scottes and Pictes that they had muche adoe to defende the entries of theyr trenches where both partyes fought right egrely tyll at length the night parted them both in sunder Herewyth falling prostrate at the feete of those Kings they besought them of pardon in suche pitifull wyse that the heartes of the hearers beganne somewhat to mollifye and at length Galde tooke vppon hym to answere in name of all the redsiue of the Scottish and Pictishe Nations and in the ende concluded that they were contented to graunt a peace on these conditions The conditions of peace prescribed to the Romaines by the Scottes and Pictes That the Romaines shoulde ceasse from that daye forwarde in anye wyse to infest or disquiet by waye of any inuasion the Scottishe and Pictishe borders and also to departe wholye out of those Countreyes restoring all such holdes and Fortresses as they helde wythin the same And further to delyuer all prysoners pledges and fugetyues whatsoeuer as then remayning in theyr handes togyther wyth suche goodes and spoyle as they had latelye taken These conditions beeing certyfied to the Romaynes by theyr Oratours were gladly accepted sith they sawe no better meane howe to delyuer themselues out of that present daunger And so delyuering sufficient Hostages for perfourmaunce of all the Articles of agreement The Romains depart out of Galloway they departed without protracting time marching Southwardes to come into Kent where Marius king of the south Brytaynes soiourned as then Agricola as the Scottishe Chronicles report left at his departure towardes Rome to the number of .lx. thousande men in the Romain armie what of one and other but nowe at theyr departure out of Galloway there remayned vnneath .xx. thousande the residue being dispatched by one meane or other By this conclusion of peace then The Romains giue vp all their holdes and fortresses which they kept within the Scottishe or Pictish dominions the Scottes and Pictes got againe the whole possession of all suche Countreyes as the Romaines had before wonne and takē away from them as the Mers Louthian the Marches about Barwike Fyffe and Angus wyth Kyle Cantyr Coningham and Galloway all the Romaine garisons departing oute of the fortresses and leauing the same vp vnto the former owners Galdus hauing thus ended the warres with the Romaines tooke order to set good directions amongst his people for the quiet and peaceable gouernment of the common wealth visiting dayly the countreys abrode the better to vnderstande the state of them and to refourme the same where it was needfull Galdus studieth to preserue his subiects in good quiet now after the warres were ended Further considering that as warre breadeth good souldiers so peace by iustice ryddeth them out of the way if they bee not the better prouided for Suche as had serued long time in the laste warres and had not any trade nowe in tyme of peace whereby to get theyr lyuing he placed in garrisons neare to the borders of the Brytaynes for defence of the Countrey After this hee came to an enteruewe wyth Garnarde king of Pictes at Calidone or Kalendar to redresse certain troubles raysed betwixt their subiectes being borderers concerning the limittes of their Countrey where perceyuing a sort of euill disposed persons to bee wholy in the fault vpon a naughtie intent to steale and trouble the peace whiche they had with such trauaile and labour sought to restore they punished the offenders and set al things in good quiet and so departed in sunder with great loue friendship Thus he continued aboue two yeares to the greate ruyne of the common wealth Finally when he went about to put vnto death suche as in an assemble called at Dunstafage spake against the misordered gouernment of the realme Lugthake woulde haue put to death such as spake agaynst
demaunde and considering wythall the occasion thereof they asked respite to make theyr aunswere tyll the next day The Lordes conspire against Conarus whiche beeing graunted in the night following they communed secretely togyther and in the ende concluded not onely to denie hys request but also to depose him of all kingly gouernment sithe hys naughtie life requyred no lesse The next day therefore when they were againe set downe in the Counsell Chamber one of them in name of the residue tooke vpon hym to speake The answere of the Lordes to the demaūd of Conarus declaring that the Lordes and Commons of the Realme marueyled not a little how it should come to passe that the king hauing no warres wherewith to consume his treasure shoulde yet bee enforced to demaunde a tallage for maintenaunce of his estate and charges of hys householde but the faulte was knowne well ynoughe to reste in suche as hee moste vnwoorthylye had preferred to rule thinges vnder him who being come of naught did nothing but deuise meanes howe to cause the king to spoyle his naturall subiectes of theyr goodes and possessions therewyth to enriche themselues but sayeth he as they shall be prouided for well ynoughe ere long and so aduaunced as they shall not neede to thyrst for other mennes lyuings that is to witte euen to a faire payre of Gallowes there to ende their liues with shame as a number of suche other losengers had often done before them so it is conuenient that the King sithe his skill is so small in the administration of his office shoulde bee shutte vp in some one Chamber or other and suche a one to haue the gouernaunce of the Realme as may be thought by common assent of the Lords most meete to take it vpon him The King hearing this tale started vp and with a loude voyce beganne to call them traytours adding that if they went about any hurte to his person they shoulde deare abye the bargaine Conarus is taken and committed to close keeping But notwithstanding these wordes such as were appoynted thereto caught him betwixt them and had him forth to a place assigned where they layde hym vppe maugre all hys resistaunce Conarus his ministers are punished for their offences In lyke maner all suche as had borne offices vnder him were attached and had to prison where the most part of them vpon examination taken of their offences suffered death according to their iust demerites Then was the rule of the Realme commytted vnto one Argadus a man of noble byrth Argadus is chosen to gouerne the Realme and ruler of Argyle who vnder the name of a Gouernour tooke vpon him the publike regiment till other aduise might be taken His studie in the begynning was onely to clense the Countrey of all mysdoers and to see the peace kept to the quiet of the people and finally in all his doings shewed a perfite patrone of an vpright Iusticier Argadus an vpright insticier But within a few yeares after as it often happeneth prosperous successe chaunged his former mynde to an euill disposition whereby he ordered things after his owne selfewill more than by reason Prosperitie chaungeth conditions without the aduise of his peeres And further to the manifest ruyne of the common wealth he nourished ciuill discorde and sedition amongst the nobles supposing it to make for his welfare so long as they were at oddes He also maryed a Pictish Ladie the better to strengthen himselfe by this his forraine aliaunce Argadus hearing himselfe thus charged and not able to lay any likely excuse Argadus confesseth his fault fell vppon hys knees and partly as it were confessing his fault with teares gushing frō his eyes besought them of pardon wholy submitting himselfe to bee ordered at their discretion The Lordes being moued with this humble submission of Argadus Argadus is permitted to continue in his office vpon promise he shoulde redresse al his former misdemeanours were contented that he should continue still in the administration of the Realme but suche as had beene his chiefest Counsellours were committed to warde After this sharpe admonition and warning thus giuen Argadus amēdeth his former misgouernance and ruleth him◅elf by better aduice Argadus did nothing touching the gouernment of the common wealth without the aduice of his Peeres and soone after amongest other things he tooke order for the limitting how farre the authoritie of inferiour officers as Bayliffes Boroughmaisters Constables and such other shoulde extende But especially he trauailed moste diligently for the punishing of theaues and robbers of whom none escaped with life that fell into his handes A notable statute Moreouer hee ordeyned by statute that no man exercising any publike office should taste of any drinke that might make him drunken Hee also banished all suche persons as vsed with dressing of delicate meates and as I may call them deyntie dishes Fine cookerie banished or banketting cheare to allure mennes appetites from the olde rude fare accustomed amongst their elders who sought not to follow theyr delicious appetites but onely prouided to sustayne nature which is satisfied with a little and that voyde of costly furniture Argadus thus beeing occupied in reforming the state of the common wealth brought many euill doers into good frame and order and such as were vpright liuers of themselues endeuored still to proceede forward to better and better Conarus departeth out of this worlde 162. H. B. At length in the eight yeare of his gouernment Conarus beeing consumed with long imprisonment departed oute of this life in the fourtenth yeare after the begynning of hys raigne But Argadus being highly rewarded with landes and lyuings for his faythfull and diligent paynes taken in the aduauncement of the publike weale during the time of his gouernment was thereto soone after created as it were Lorde President of the Counsell Argadus is create Lorde president of the counsell thereby to bee chiefest in authoritie next to the king in the ordering and rule of all publike affayres and causes Shortly after Ethodius as the custome of newe kings in those dayes was went ouer into the westerne Iles there to take order for the administration of iustice where immediately vpon his arriual it was shewed him that not passing two or three dayes before there had bene a great cōflict fought betwixt y t nobles or clannes of the countrey Ciuil discorde amongst the Lordes of the Iles. by reason of a strife that was stirred amongst their seruants being a cōpany of naughtie and vnruly fellowes to the great disquiet of the Inhabitants Herevpon was Argadus sent forth incontenētly with a power to appease that businesse Argadus is sent forth to apprehend the rebelles and to bring in the offenders that they might receyue rewarde according to their demerites Argadus forthwith hasted towards the place where he vnderstood the rebelles to be remayning and apprehending their whole nūber of thē some by force and some
vpō their humble submission he returned back with them to the king who causing the matter to be throghly heard such as were y e confest beginners most in fault The Iland rebelles are punished were punished by death and the other fined at the kings pleasure The Ilande people beeing thus appeased the king returned into Albion where as then lying at Enuerlochthee a towne as is sayde in Louchquhaber The Romains inuade the Pictish Scottish borders worde came vnto him y t the Romaines had broken downe the Wall buylded by the Emperour Adrian and made a greate rode into the Scottishe and Pictishe borders where meeting with the Inhabitantes assembled togyther in defence of theyr Countrey after a sore conflict the victorie remayned with the Romaines by reason wherof they led a great bootie of cattel and other goodes away with them to the places where they soiourned Ethodius requyteth restitution of his subiects goods taken away by the Romains Ethodius beeing mooued herewyth sente foorthwyth an Heralde vnto Victorine the Romaine Lieutenant requyring that his subiectes myghte haue restitution of theyr goodes wrongfully taken from them or else to looke for warres within .xv. dayes after Victorine answered herevnto that the Scottes and Pictes had fyrst begonne to breake downe the foresayde Wall Victorines answere to Ethodius request and to buylde a Tower vppon the same fortifying it wyth a number of menne of warre who running daylye into the Brytishe confines fetched prayes thence from amongest the Romaine subiects and thoughe hee had sent dyuerse tymes to the Scottishe and Pictishe Wardens for restitution yet coulde hee neuer haue anye towardly answere so that hee was constrayned to begynne the warre in manner and fourme as hee had done alreadie Ethiodius exhorteth the king of Picts to make warres against the Romains Ethodius not a little kyndled with this answere wrote streyght wayes vnto the King of the Pictes exhorting him in reuenge of suche iniuries as his subiectes had lately receyued at the handes of the Romaines to inuade the Wall on the syde where it deuided his Countrey from the Brytaynes and to breake in vppon the enimies by the same and for his parte hee promised shortly after to come and to ioyne with him in such a necessarie enterprise agaynst the common enimies of both their Countreyes The Pictish king giuing thankes to the messenger for his paynes promised with all speede to sette forwarde according to the aduice of Ethodius The Romaines in like maner hauing knowledge of the whole intention of the two Kings with all speede made preparation also for the warres but the Scottes and Pictes first breaking in vpon them The Scottishe men Pictes inuade the Brytish borders did muche hurt abrode in the Countreyes next adioyning Which when the Romains perceyued they passed by the enimies campe in the night season and entered into the Pictishe borders wasting and spoyling all afore them When the two Kings vnderstoode this they hasted forth forwardes them and were no soouner come within sight of them but that they made eche towardes other The Romaine encountred by the Scottishe ▪ ◅hen Pictes and so encountering togyther there was fought a sore battaile with doubtfull victorie for the right wings on eyther syde banquished the lefte the breastes of bothe the battayles keeping theyr grounde Night pa◅ the battaile the one not once shrinking backe from the other tyl night seuered them in sunder but not without suche slaughter made on bothe sydes that beeing once parted they made no greate haste to ioyne agayne togyther for as well the one parte as the other beeing thus disseuered drew incontinently homewardes without abyding for the morning Neither did they attempt any further exploite of all that yeare following In whiche meane tyme Victorine sent letters vnto Rome to the Emperour Marcus Antonius Aurelius Victorine sendeth leuen to Rome who as then gouerned the Empyre signifying vnto him in what state things stoode in Brytaine Further declaring that if conuenient succours were not sente in tyme it woulde bee harde to resist the ◅ous rage of the enimies by reason of the small trust hee perceyued was to bee had in the Brytaines beeing no lesse readie vppon occasion to make warres in recouerie of their libertie than the Scottes or Pictes were too encroche vppon them The Emperour vpon recept of these letters thought in his minde that Victorine was not so valiant a Captaine as the case requyred and that therevppon the Scottes and Pictes became the more enboldened to resist Victorine is sent for to returne vnto Rome and one Calphurnius sent into Brytaine to succeede in his roome therefore hee sente for him home appoynting one Agricola Calphurnius to succeede in hys roome who was as some haue lefte in wryting the Nephew of Iulius Agricola the moste famous Captayne of the Romaines that euer came into Brytaine This Calphurnius comming into Brytain with the armie ioyned to the fame the power which he founde there as well of the Brytaynes as of other seruing vnder the Romaine ensignes Which done he repayred to Yorke Calphurnius entreth into the borders of his enimies and after towardes the Riuer of Tine where beeing aryued he marched foorth into the borders of his enimyes finding all the Countrey rounde aboute him so clearly wasted and burned that there was not a house left standing nor a graine of corne or one heade of Cattell to be founde therein Yet notwithstanding al this forth he passed through Northumberlande and entering into Pictlande wasted al that was before him with fire sword And for so muche as Winter came vpon when hee had done his will in that behalfe Calphurnius returneth to Yorke hee returned vnto Yorke where hee soiourned vntill the Spring When Sommer was once come hauing made his prouision to warre on the Scottes and Pictes The Welchmē rebell against the Romains worde came vnto him that the Welchmen were reuolted and beganne to rayse warre agaynst the Romaines so that taking order for the repayring of the Wall made by Adrian which the enimies in dyuerse places had broken downe and leauing a sufficient number of men of warre for defence of the same agaynst all inuasions that might bee attempted The Welchmen brought to their former obedience he turned the residue of his power agaynst those Welche Rebelles whome in the ende though not without much ado he reduced to obedience The inhabitants of the I le of Wight reuolt frō the Romains and are cōstreined againe to be obedient Immediately after this he heard also howe the Brytaynes of the Isle of Wight were vp in armor agaynst suche Romaines as ruled there sundrie noble men of the maine Isle taking their part but they also were at length brought againe to their former subiection and the authours of that rebellion punished by death In the meane tyme the Scottes and Pictes determined not to attempt any further exployte agaynst the
vttermost of his power in reuēge of such their great vntruthes cloked dealings They had vneth receyued their answere but that there came from the Saxons .xl. other Ambassadors ▪ being mē of great authoritie amongst them to excuse that whiche had happened ouer night The excuse of the Saxons in laying the fault vpon a sort of vndiscrete persons nothing priuie vnto that which the gouerners of the armie had done touching the sending of their Ambassadours and therevpon had without their aduise made that skirmish Arthure hauing thus vanquised his enimies gaue license vnto those nobles which hee had deteyned as is sayde in his campe being sent vnto him as Ambassadors to depart ouer into Germanie appointing the residue of such Saxōs as were men of no defence to remain stil in the land yeelding a yearly tribute vnto the Brytains and also with cōdition that they shuld become christians The Scottishmen and Picts which had ayded the Brytaynes in this iourney soiourned awhile after at London where Arthure feasted and banketted them in most royall wise Arthures ◅nificence shewing them al the honor that might be deuised and afterwardes sent them home right princely rewarded with many great giftes and rich presents Whilest such businesse as ye haue heard was thus in hand betwixt the Saxons Britains the estate of the Scottish common wealth was gouerned by great wisedome and policie without any notable trouble or disorder But finally when king Conrane beganne to waxe aged and that such as had the chief doings vnder him sought not the execution of iustice but their owne commodities to the hinderance of a multitude the people began to repine thereat and to practise a conspiracie with diuerse of the Nobles against Conrane A conspiracie practised agaynst Cōran and those which ruled by his appoyntment It chaunced that there was one Toncet a mā of base byrth assigned by the kings commission to be chiefe iustice or as it were Chauncelor for the administration of the lawes in Murrey land a persō passing full of rygorous crueltie especially in iudgements of life death and in gathering vp of all maner of forfeytures of penall lawes which he did onely to purchase fauor of the king by the enriching of his coffers An euill officer in respect whereof he had smal regard either of right or wrong so that there were hope of somwhat to be gotten Amongst other the violent doings of this Toncet he caused diuerse marchant men of the towne of Fores in Murreyland as thē the chiefest town of all that countrey to be accused of treason by a light information and in the end executed without any apparant matter onely vpon a couetous desire to haue their goods and riches bycause they were men of great wealth and substance Diuerse noble men of the countrey there aboutes namely of the towne of Fores being partly of kin vnto those marchants were sore offended with this act and herevpon they first came vnto Toncet reuiled him with many high reprochful wordes afterwards fell vpō him in the place of opē iudgement where he sat as then in his iudgement seat A presumptuous act and there murthered him getting them forthwith vp into the moūtains to auoyd the danger which they knewe vnpossible for them to escape if they should happen to be taken whilest Conran should be liuing After this they deuised how they might encrease their heynous deed and bolde enterprise with an other far more horrible notable The determination of the murtherers to dispatch the king also which was to slea the king himself as the original cause of all such mischief that then raigned in y e realme through the vnworthie gouernment of his vniust ministers couetous magistrates hoping withall to obtain the fauor of some of the noble men whom they knew to maligne the king his coūsell most extreemly thereby in short time to be assured of their pardon Shortly after it chaunced that one Donald also gouernor of Athol Donald gouernour of Athol conspireth with the Outlawes to murther the king a mā in great fauour and trust with the king had vnderstanding what these outlawes intended therevpon practised with them by priuie messengers that they should come in secret maner vnto Enuerlochtee where the king soiourned promising them by most assured meanes of othes vowes that they shuld haue al y e furtherance he could deuise towards the atchieuing of their enterprise Hereupon these outlawes according to their instructions The outlawes enter into the kings bed chamber came in secret wise vnto Enuerlochtee and were closely conueyd into Conrans bed chāber by Donalds meanes who as though he had knowne nothing of the matter got himself quickly out of the way when he sawe them once entred within the doore of the chamber Conran the king perceiuing how he was betrayed and that his enimies were got into his chamber ready to murther him stept forth of his bed falling down vpō his knees besought them to take pitie of his age not to defile their handes in the bloud of their naturall lord and king considering the fault was not his Conran is murthered within his bed chamber by trayterous meanes 35. H.B. if they had beene any wayes wronged Howbeit they doubting nothing but least he should escape their hands streightwayes dispatched him out of life and withal made hast away This was the ende of king Conranus in the .xx. yeare of his raigne being the .xvj. of Arthurs dominion ouer the Brytains 20. H.B. the fifth of the Emperor Iustinianus and in the yeare after the byrth of our Sauior 531. 535. H.B. But his corps was buried in y e Abbey of Iona otherwise called Colmkil w t such funerall pompe exequies as in those dayes were vsed There were that counsayled him in the begynning of his raigne which he beganne in Argile being placed there vpon the chaire of marble that he shoulde see in any wise the auctours of his Vncles death duely punished Regicides or kingquellers ought chiefly aboue al other to be punished to giue ensample to other that they shoulde not attempt the lyke hereafter agaynste theyr liege Lorde and crowned King but he contrarywise did not onlye forgiue the offence but also receyued the forenamed Donalde wyth other the murtherers into his seruice Eugenius is suspected of his predecessours death and made them of his priuie Counsell which caused many men to suspect least he himselfe had beene of counsell with them in committing that murther The talke wherof was so common in all mens mouthes namely amongst the common people The Queene Dowager fled with hir two sonnes into Irelande that the Queene Dowager late wife to king Conran doubting not only the suretie of hir owne life but also of hir two sonnes which she had by the said Cōran the one named Reginan and the other Aidan fled with them ouer into Irelande where within fewe
with a continuall ridge a deepe riuer compassing them in beneath in the bottom with such stepe and sideling bankes that there is no way to passe forth of the same but by that through which ye must enter into it The said Bane with his folkes being entred at vnwares into such a straight perceyuing there was no way to issue forth but by the same where he entred he returned backe thither finding the passage closed frō him by his enimies he was in a wonderfull maze not knowing what shift to make to escape Finally falling to councel with the chiefest of his armie vpō the danger present and so continuing for the space of two dayes without any conclusion auailable on the third day driuen of necessitie through hunger they required of their enimies to be receiued as yeelded men vpon what conditions they would prescribe onely hauing their liues assured But when this would not be graunted in the euening tide they rushed forth vpon their enimies to trie if by force they might haue passed through them But such was their hap that there they died euery mothers son for so had Duthquhall and Culane cōmaunded to the ende that other rebels might take ensample by such their wilfull and rebellious outrage The kings Captaines after this passing ouer into the Iles The kings power passeth ouer into the Iles. brought all things there into the former state of quietnesse Yet after the appeasing of this tumult there chaunced a new businesse in Galloway for Gyllequhalm Gillequhalm the sonne of Donalde sonne to that Donalde which as ye haue heard was executed by commaundement of Eugenius the viij gathered togither a great number of vngracious scapethriftes and did muche hurt in the Countrey But shortlye after beeing vanquished by the same Captaynes that had suppressed the other Rebelles of the Iles the Countrey was rydde of that trouble and the ring leaders punished by death for their offences In this meane while the English men and Welch Brytaynes through multitude of kings and rulers warring eche agaynst other had no leysure to attempt any enterprise against straungers Neither were the Pictes free of some secrete displeasures which one part of them had cōceiued against another so that the Scottish men were not troubled at all by any forraine enimies And so Soluathius hauing continued his raigne the space of .xx. yeares Soluathius departeth this lyfe aboute the ende of that tearme departed this life in the yeare of our saluation 788. 788. Achaius Thus hauing layde the foundation of a quiet state amongest his subiectes nowe in the beginning of his raigne he was at poynt to haue had no small warres with the Irishe men for a number of them being aryued in Cantyre were there slaine by them of the Westerne Iles which vpon request of the Inhabitants of that countrey were come to ayde them against those Irishmen This losse the rulers of the Irish nation purposed in all hast to reuenge vpō them of the Iles. But Achaius bearing thereof sent ouer an Ambassade vnto thē to haue the matter taken vp before any further force wer vsed aledging how ther was no cause wherfore wars should be moued for such a matter where the occasion had bene giuen but by a sort of Rouers on eyther syde without commaundement or warrant obteyned from any of their superiours The Irish men will reuenge Howbeit the Nobles of Irelande for there was no king amongest them at that tyme as it chaunced moued altogither with indignation for the slaughter of theyr Countrymen made a direct answere that they woulde surely be reuenged of the reproche which they had receyued before they woulde commune of any peace And therefore whylest the Scottish Ambassadors returned out of Ireland with this answere a great number of them in shippes and crayers passed ouer into Ila Irishmen take a pray in Ila where getting togither a great pray and fraughting theyr vesselles therewith as they were returning homewardes they were suncke by force of tempest so that neyther ship nor man returned to bring tydings home howe they had sped in Scotlande The stoute stomackes of the Irishe Lordes and rulers beeing well qualified with this mischaunce they were glad to seeke for peace shortly after vnto Achaius Irish men do seeke peace Those also that were sent ouer to treat of the same found him at Enuerlochthee Where hauing declared their message and confessed howe iustly they had beene pur◅ed by the righteous iudgement of almightie God for their wrongful attempting of the warres against them that had not deserued it Achaius answered how the Irish nation was so stubborne that they knew not to vse reasō except they were throughly scourged ▪ and therefore had the righteous God taken iust reuenge vpon them to the ensample of other for their continuacie in mouing warres agaynst thē that had so earnestly sought for peace Neuerthelesse festing a pure all iniuctes past as well new as olde to shewe himselfe to be the follower of Christ who in so many passages had praysed commended and set forth vnto vs peace and tranquilitie he was cōtented to graunt them peace which now they sued for Thus was the peace renued betwixt the Scottish and Irish nations to the no lesse comfort of the Scottes themselues than of the Irishmen as those that had learned nowe by experience tryall hauing enioyed peace a good season howe much the same was to be preferred before cruel warres In this meane time Charles Carolus Magnus in league with the Scots surnamed the great as then raigning in France and vnderstāding how the English men did not only by dayly rouing disquiet the seas to the great danger of all such marchants other as trauayled alongst the coastes of Fraunce and Germany but also nowe and then cōming a lande vpon the French dominions did many notable displeasures to his subiects he thought good by the aduice of his peeres to conclude a league if it were possible with y e Scots and Picts with this article amongest the residue That so oft as the English men shoulde attempt any enterprise or inuasion into France the Scots and Picts should be readie streight wayes to inuade thē here at home and when they shuld make any warres against the Scots or Picts then the French men should take vpon them to inuade the west partes of Englande There were sent therefore from Charles vnto Achaius certain Ambassadors to bring this matter to passe who arriuing in Scotland Ambassadors sent into Scotlande cōming to the kings presence declared effectually the sun◅ of their message shewing that y e cōclusion of such a league shoulde bee no lesse to the wealth of the Frenchmen than of the Scots considering the Englishmen to be a people most desirous of all other to get into their hands other mens goods and possessions for thereby they might be somewhat restrayned from such bold and iniurious enterprises as they dayly tooke in hande
The towne of Inuernes burnt and besieged the Castell enforcing with all diligence to wynne the same tyll he was aduertised that the King was comming towardes him with a great power wherevpon he fledde incontinently to the Iles and finally hauing knowledge that a great number of people lay dayly in awayte to take him that they myght presente him to the Kings handes Alexander of the Iles commeth to the king and asketh pardon he came disguysed in poore aray to the holy Rood house and there fynding the King on Easter daye deuoutly in the Churche at hys prayers he fell downe on hys knees before hym and besought hym of grace for hys sake that rose as that day from death vnto lyfe At request of the Queene the King pardoned him of lyfe but he appoynted William Dowglas Erle of Angus to haue the custodie of him and that within the castel of Temptalloun that no trouble should rise by his meanes thereafter His mother Eufame daughter to Walter sometime Earle of Ros was also committed to warde in Saint Colmes Inche bycause it was knowne that she solicited hir sonne to rebell in maner as is aforesayd agaynst the king Not long after Donald Ballocht Donalde Ballocht inuadeth Lochquhaber brother to the sayd Lord Alexander of the Iles came with a great power of men into Lochquhaber The Erles of Mar and Cathnes came with such number of their people as they could rayse to defend the countrey against the inuasion of those Ilandmen and fought with the said Donald at Inuerlochtie The Earle of Cathnes slaine where the Earle of Cathnes was slain and the Erle of Mar discomfited Herewith did Donald returne with victorie a great pray of goodes and riches into the Iles. Donalde Ballocht returneth with victorie spoile into the Iles. The king sore moued with the newes hereof came with a great armie vnto Dunstafage purposing with all speede to passe into the Iles. The Clannes and other chiefe men of the said Iles aduertised hereof came to Dunstafage and submitted themselues vnto the King The Claâ—…nes of the Iles submit them selues to the â—…ng excusing their offence for that as they alledged the sayde Donald had constreyned theÌ„ against their willes to passe with him in the last iourney All those Clannes vpon this their excuse were admitted to the kings fauour and sworne to pursue the sayd Donald vnto death Shortly herevpon this Donald fled into Irelande where he was slaine Donald fleeth into Ireland and his head sent by one Odo a great Lorde of Irelande in whose countrey he lurked as a present to the king that lay as then at Sterling His heade is sent as a present to the king Three hundred of Donalds complices hanged There were also three hundred of his adherent taken and by the kings 〈…〉 banged for theyr offences within three weekes space after his fyrst fleeing into Irelande This trouble being thus quieted king Iames passed through all the boundes of his Realme to punish all offenders and misruled persons which in any wise wronged and oppressed the poore people Pardon 's granted by the gouernour are â—…yde He allowed no pardon graunted afore by the gouernour alledging the same to be expyred by his death For he thought indeede it stoode neyther with the pleasure of God nor wealth of the Realme that so many slaughters reiffes and oppressions as had beene done afore in the countrey shoulde remayne vnpunished through fault of iustice Three thousand offenders put to death within two yeares space It is sayde that within the fyrst two yeares of his raigne there were three thousande persons executed by death for sundrie olde crymes and offences And though such extreeme iustice might haue bene thought sufficient to giue ensample to other to refourme their naughtie vsages Angus Duffe yet one Angus Duffe of Strathem nothing afrayd therof came with a company of theeues and robbers and tooke a great pray of goodes out of the countreys of Murray and Cathnes for recouerie whereof one Angus Murrey followed with a great power and ouertaking the sayde Angus Duffe neare to Strachnauern fiercely assayled him Who with like manhoode made sloute resistance A cruell fight by reason whereof there ensued suche a cruell fight betwixt the parties that there remayned in the ende but onely .xij. persons aliue and those so wounded that they were vneth able to returne home to theyr houses and lyued but a few dayes after About the same tyme Makdonalde Ros a notable robber there was also another notable theefe named Makdonalde Ros whiche grew with spoyles and robberies to great riches This wicked oppressor shod a poore widowe with horse shoone He shodde a wydow bycause she sayd she would go to the king and reueale his wicked doings As soone as she was whole and recouered of hir woundes she went vnto the king and declared the cruelties done vnto hir by that vngracious person Makdonalde The king made such diligent searche to haue him that in the ende hee was taken with xiâ—… He was taken and executed of his complices and put to most shamefull death as they had well deserued In the thirde yeare after which was from the incarnation .1430 on the .xj. day of October 1430 Iane the Queene of Scottes was delyuered of two sonnes at one byrth Alexander and Iames. The Queene deliuered of two sonnes at one byrth The first deceassed in his infancie The other succeeded after his fathers deceasse in the kingdome and was named Iames the seconde At the baptisme of these two infantes there were fiftie knightes made Fiftie knights dubbed Amongst the which and iust of all other was William the sonne of Archeâ—â—balde Earle of Dowglas that succeeded his father in the Earledome of Dowglas His father the sayde Archymbalde Dowglas somewhat before this time or as other Authors haue Archymbalde Earle of Dowglas arrested and put in prison in the yeare nexte ensuing was arested by the Kings commaundement and put in warde remayning so a long time till at length by supplication of the Queene and other Peeres of the Realme the king pardoned him of all offences and set both him and also Alexander Erle of Ros at libertie King Iames desirous to purge his realme of vnruly persons King Iames in this sort did what in him lay to bring the Realme of Scotlande in such quiet tranquilitie that in purging the same of all offenders and suche as liued by reife and robbing passengers by the highe wayes might trauaile without dread of anye euill disposed persons to molest them An ordinance for measures He caused also the Baylyfes and Prouosts of good townes to see that iust measures were vsed by all maner of buyers and sellers and none to be occupied but suche as were signed with the note and marke of the sayde Baylifes or Prouostes Castels repayred and munited Moreouer he repayred and fortified the Castelles and
Scotland trauaile into Italy 391.22 Dovvglas VVilliam Earle of Dovvglas put to the Horn and his landes spoyled 391.29 Dovvglas VVilliam Earle of Dovvglas proclaimed the kings Lieutenant 391.41 Dovvglas VVil. Earle of Dovvglas for reuenge of priuate interies incurreth the kinges displeasure 391.64 Dovvglas VVil. Earle of Dovvglas slaine 392.57 Dovvglasses made open vvarre agaynst the king 392.61 Dovvglas Iames Earle of Dovvglas disobeyeth the Kings citation 393.20 Dovvglas Iames marieth his brothers vvise 393 Dovvglas Iames dieth 393.52 Dovvglasdale giuen in spoyle too the kings souldiours 393.83 Dovvglas Iames Earle of Dovvglas flieth into England 394.16 Dovvglas Iames Earle of Dovvglas inuadeth Scotland vvith a povver and is discomfited 394. 26 Dovvglas Archimbalde slaine 394. 31 Dovvglas Hugh Earle of Ormont taken prisoner 394.32 Dovvglas Hugh Earle of Ormont beheaded 394.56 Dovvglasses puissaunce in Scotland suspected 3◅5 7 Donald of the Iles reconciled too the king 396.9 Donald of the Iles eftsoones rebelleth 398.46 Donald of the Iles and his confederates fall frantike 398.55 Donald of the Iles slaine 398 Donald sonne to the aforesayde Lorde of the Iles attainted by Parliament 402.32 Donalde Lorde of the Iles after submission to the King restored 402. 51 Dovvglas Archimbalde Earle of Angus maryeth Margaret Qu mother of Scotland 424.30 Dovvglas Archimbalde Earle of Angus taketh a Concubine in stead of the Queene mother his vvife 429.56 Dovvglas Gavvin Bishop of Dūkelde flieth into Englande and there dieth 431.30 Dovvglas Gavvin Bishop of Dūkeld his learning his vvorks 431. 32 Dovvglas Archimbalde Earle of Angus banished into Fraunce 431. 44 Dovvgl◅sdale 434.20 Dovvglas George attaynted of ◅reason 440.11 Dovvglas Margaret 461.8 Dovvglas George Knight sent home out of England into Scotlande 458.12 Doctor Ireland sent Ambassadour into Scotland from the French King to cause the Scottes too make vvarre agaynst England 403. 9 Doctour VVest sent Ambassador into Scotland 416.73 Dolorous mountaine vvhy so called 50.50 Dominicke first Authour of black friers 285.52 Domitian Emperour of Rome 46. 39 Domitian the Emperour enuieth the prosperous successe of Agricola in Brytaine 56 Dounstafage by vvhom buylded 24. 10 Dounstafage olde tyme called Berigonium 14.16 Dounkeld hovv in olde time called 137.40 Doorus brother to Athirco flieth into Pictland 74 51 Doorus vvriteth to certaine Scottish Lords to moue them to rebellion 75.11 Dorstolorgus K. of Pictes 167.84 Dorstolorgus murthered 168.47 Dothan and Dorgall tvvinnes sonnes to Durstus 24.27 Dothans tvvo sonnes cruelly murthered 24.100 Doungarge or Doungarde in Irelande taken 197.26 Doubtfull battaile betvveene the Brytaines and Scots Picts 23. 71 Doubts that Henrie the eight king of England had concerning the consummation of the maryage betvvixt the yong Queene of Scotlande and prince Edvvard his sonne 459.67 Drommound Iohn knight 248.25 Drommound Annabell maried to king Robert the third 248.25 Drommonde Annabell vvife too king Robert dyeth 368.7 Drommond Iohn traiterously slaieth Patricke Graham Earle of Stratherne 374.5 Drommonde Iohn taken and beheaded 747.12 Drommond Alexander attaynted of treason 440.13 Drovvnelovv sands 242.115 Druides ordeyned 21.7 Druides office vvhat it vvas 21.8 Druides hovve called in the olde Scottish tongue 21.10 Druides place of abode 21.12 Druides authoritie encreased 21. 27 Druides religion caryed ouer into Fraunce 21.44 Druides Temples and religiō destroyed 82.53 Drusken chosen king of Pictes 173. 32 Drusken and Kenneth common of peace in fight of both their armies 175.60 Druskin slaine 176.69 Druskins armour offred at Saint Colme 177.5 Drunkennesse punished vvyth death 187.23 Drumlanrig vanquished and put to flight 472.16 Drumlanrig taken prisoner and escapeth 467.67 Dubline besieged 197.84 Dublin surrendred to the Scots 108. 35 Dudley Andrevve Captaine of Broughtie crag Castel 472.31 Duetie a good ghostly father 148. 52 Dutie of a prince in battel 422.10 Duetie a good Prince 23 36 Duetie of all men to defend their natiue Countrey 432.92 Duffe sonne to Malcolme crovvned king of Scotland 206.22 Duffe bevvitched 206.72 Duffe falleth into displeasure of his Nobilitie 206.52 Duffe restored to his for her helth 207. 62 Duffe murthered in his bed 208.55 Duffes maner of buryall 208.64 Duffes bodie taken vp and honorably buried 210.25 Duffe Angus of Stratherne rebelleth 379.36 Duke of Albanye chosen and by Parliament confirmed tutor to Iames the fifth and to the realm of Scotland 423.114 Duke of Albanye gouernour of Scotland cōming out of France arriueth in Scotland 425.38 Duke of Albanye Gouernour of Scotland departeth into France 428. 29 Duke of Albanye Gouernour of Scotlande returneth into Scotlande 431.5 Duke of Albanie inuadeth Englād vvith a mightie armie 432.19 Duke of Clarence slain in France 374. 113 Dukes first created in Scotlande 366. 5 Duke of Somerset made Protector to king Edvvarde the sixth 467.37 hee entreth Scotlande vvith an armie 467.50 Dauid duke of Rothsaye apprehended and committed to pryson 368.30 Duncane created King of Scotlande 239.5 Duncanes disposition ouer gentle 239. 21 Duncane and hys armye ouerthrovvne by the Danes 242.15 Duncane staine by Mackbeth 244. 56 Duncane Malcolmes bastarde son commeth into Scotlande vvyth an army to claime the crovvne 259. 106 Duncane crovvned king of Scotland 260.1 Duncane decydeth iustice vvyth speare and shield 260.6 Duncane slain at Menteth 260 14 Dunfermeling Abbey spoyled 439. 21 Dunfreis 471.1 rifled and spoyled by the Englishmen 473.474.1 Dunbar vvhy so called 177.115 Dumbe person shall not inherite his fathers patrin◅onie 181.33 Dunbar Partricke vanquisheth a band of theeues in Mers 253.45 Dunbar Patricke created Erle of March 253.54 Dunbar George Earle of March arested and put in vvard 381.67 Dunbar George Earle of March disinherited of all his landes liuings 382.4 Dunbar George made Earle of Buchquhan 382.14 Dunbar Gavvin made Bishop of Abirdene 429.45 Dunbar Gavvin made Archebishop of Glasgo 431 10◅ Dundee vvhy so called 278.99 Dundee spoyled and abandoned by the Englishmē 476.77 fortified by the Frenchmē 476.98 Dunglas fort defaced and razed 480. 94 Dunbryton vvhy so named 185.31 Dunbertane Castell reuolted frō the Earle of Lennox 462 84 Dunbritten Castell 460.60 Dunfreis battaile fought by the Englishmen agaynste the Scottes 473. 46 Dungar sonne to Aydan slaine 149. 90 Dundach in Ireland 320.82 Dungesbie head in Cathnes 32.24 Duncane besieged by the Danes in the Castell of Bortha 242.38 Duncane king of Irelande 198.4 Duncane Lieutenaunt of Athole 215. 56 Durstus slaine 102 17 Duns Iohn a famous learned man flourisheth 355 72 Durstus succeedeth his father Finnanus in the Kingdome 21.63 Durstus giuen to banquetting and drunkennesse 21.72 Durstus forsaketh the company of his lavvfull vvife Agasia 21 8◅ Durstus causeth his vvife too bee forced by vile persons 21.82 Durstus deepe dissimulation 22.14 Durstus periurie 22.27 Durstus committeth a foule murther 22.30 Durstus besieged 22.46 Durstus slaine 22.52 Durstus children flee into Ireland 22. 57 Durstus tvvo sonnes slaine 24.39 Dutchmen arriue in Scotlande 44. 16 Durstus chosen king of the Pictes 93. 81 Durstus taken and brought prisoner to London 93 9◅ Durstus thirde of that name King of Pictes 98.110 Dussac Mounsieur a
Scots 435. 44 Hermoneus Metellus eldest son 5. 9 Herres Iohn Lord his lands spoiled by theeues 391.89 Herres Iohn Lorde hanged 391. 103 Hermoneus returneth into Spaine 5. 16 Heralde Thane of Cathnes captaine of rebels in Scotlande 479. 46 Heralde taken and seuerely punished 279 Herald at armes ansvvere to king Edvvardes demaunde concerning the three most valiant captaines of that time 328.99 Henrie the seuenth obteyneth the crovvne of England 406.74 Herbert crovvned King of Brytaine 105.13 Hialas Peter sent from the King of Spain to reconcile the kings of England and Scotlande 411. 1 Hieland mans salutation vnto Alexander the thirde at his coronation 287.39 Hiberus and Himecus arriue at Dundalke in Ireland 4.17 Hiberus returneth intoo Spaine 4. 58 Hiberus succedeth his father Gathelus 4.59 Hiberus a couragious conqueror 4. 62 Hiergust chosen king of Pictes 86. 104 Hiergust renueth the olde league betweene the Romaines and Pictes 87.83 Hiergust desireth the vtter destruction of the Scots 90.71 Hiberus eldest sonne to Gathelus and Scota 4.22 Hicland men obedient to lavves 413. 46 Hiergust slayeth himselfe 93 63 Hunecus seconde sonne to Gathelus and Scota 4. â—…2 Hunecus is left too gouerne the Scottes in Ireland 4. â—…4 Hercius the Romaine Emperours Procurator slaine 81.107 Himecus gouernour of the Scots in Ireland 4.51 Hibertus Metellus yongest sonne 5. 10 Holcrost Thomas knight an English Captaine 479 4â—… Hollanders heades sent in Pypes into Scotland 4â—…3 84 Holdes and Castelles of Scotlande deliuered too King Edvvarde 302. 2â—… Horses kept by the common oâ—… husband men â—…ut onely for â—â—lage to be forfeyt 246 1â—… Hoode Robin and little Iohâ—… time 294. â—…1 Horses sent too Iames the fourth from the Lorde of Temeer 414. 25 Holiburton Thomas 368.68 Horsemenne sent into Scotlande from England too ioyne vvith the English armye there 461. 100 Horestia a part of Pictlande 177. 87 Hovvell leader of the Armorishe Brytaynes 127.29 Horses sent to Iames the fourth from the King of Englande 415. â—… Hospitall in Aberdene founded 429. 2â—… Horses eate their ovvne 〈◊〉 220. 57 Houson captaine of the Castell of Dunbretaine 462. â—â— Hoblers 350. â—â— Helcades â—â—â— â—â— Holyroode house builded 2â—…4 â—…8 Honorius Emperour of Rome 95. 70 Hubba and Hungar brothers too Cadane K. of Denmark 187.114 Hubba escapeth slaughter and drovvning 1â—…9 28 Hubba and Hunger slaine 191.64 Humber a fatal place for the â—…taines to be vanquished at 133. 60 Humber colored red with bloud 134. 31 Hume Alexander Lord Chamberlaine blamed for the losse of Floddon field 4â—â— 46 Hume Alexander Lord denoâ—…ced a rebell 4â—â— 95 Hume Alexander Lorde â—…teth himselfe to the goâ—… 426. 20 Hume Alexander Lorde slayeth Lion King at armes and taketh his letters from him 42â—… 64 Hume Alexander Lorde vvith other coÌ„mitted to vvard 427.42 Hume Alexander Lord vvith other beheaded 4â—…7 52 Hume Alexander Lordes â—…de vvith others sette vppon the Toâ—…buâ—…th in Edenbourgh 427. â—…4 Hume Alexander Lordes made vvith others taken dovvne 430. 107 Hunne Lorde his sonne taken prisoner by the English menne 464. â—â— Hugh Cardinall sent too reforme the Churches of Englande and Scotlande 275.49 Hungâ—…s king of Pictes refuseth to conclude a league vvyth the Frenchmen 363.23 â—…ngus vvith his army inuadeth Northumberland 165.26 â—…ngus dreame and the euent thereof 166.30 â—…ngus repayreth S. Andrevves Church 166.88 Hungus dyeth 167.83 Hungar and Hubba brothers too Cadane King of Denmarke 187. 114 Hâ—…ing a vvarlike exercise 6. â—◠〈◊〉 Castell besieged in vaine 479. 27 〈◊〉 Castell recouered by the Scottes 476.105 〈◊〉 Castell rendred to the Englishmen 469.57 â—…gh Bishop of Durham 276 89 〈◊〉 done to Priestes to bee punished by death 181.94 â—…cke appoynted gouernour of the Iles. 293.53 â—…backe slaine 293.61 J. Iâ—…ck Stravv captaine of a rebellion in England 359.2 Iacoba countesse of Hollande maried to Alexander brevvard Earle of Mar. 382.33 Iames the first slaine 248.8 Iames the second marieth Margaret daughter to the daughter of the duke of Gelderlande 248.41 Iames the thirde marieth Margaret daughter too the king of Denmarke 248.69 Iames the fourth marieth Margaret daughter to king Henrie the seuenth of England 248.76 Iames the fift marieth Marye de Lorraine Dutchesse of Longâ—…ile a vvidovv 248.83 Iames Prince of Scotland sent into France 371.44 Iames Prince of Scotlande taken prisoner by the Englishmen â—…72 65 Iames Prince of Scotlande goeth ouer into Fraunce vvith King Henrie 375.17 Iames Prince of Scotland marieth lane daughter too the Earle of Somerset 376.100 Iames Prince of Scotlande set at libertie returneth intoo Scotlande 376.116 Iames the first and Iane his vvife crovvned King and Queene of Scotlande 377.14 Iames the first king of Scotlande slaine 384.55 Iames the second crovvned King of Scotland 385.101 Iames vvith the firie face 385.104 Iames conueyed in a Trunke how Edenbourgh to Stiueling 3â—…6 46 Iames maried to Marie daughter too the Duke of Gelderlande 3â—…9 1 Iames aydeth the Queene of Englande against the duke of York 356. 25 Iames inuadeth the borders vvith an armie 396.43 Iames slaine 3â—…6 87 Iames the thirde crovvned King of Scotland 397.72 Iames marieth Margaret daughter to the king of Denmarke 400. 10 Iames eldest son too K. Iames the thirde borne 401.82 Iames preparing an armye to inuade Englande is inhibited by the Popes Legate 403.40 Iames arested and imprisoned by the Nobilitie of Scotlande 403. 106 Iames set at libertie by the Duke of Albanie his brother 404. 42 Iames forsaken of his nobilitie 404. 63 Iames Duke of Rothsay enforced to be captaine of the Conspiracie of the Nobles agaynst his father 407.48 Iames sendeth letters to the pope Kings of England and France to persvvade vvith the Nobilitie vvhich conspired agaynste him 407.78 Iames gathereth an army agaynst the rebels 407.75 Iames vvith his armie discomfited and slaine 408.7 Iames the fourth crovvned King of Scotland 408.33 Iames vveareth an Iron Chaine aboute his middle all his lyfe tyme. 408.43 Iames inuadeth England vvith an armie too ayde Perkin VVarbecke 410.25 Iames desireth too common vvith the Bishop of Durham 411.89 Iames marieth Margaret daughter to King Henrie the seuenth of England 412.67 Iames Prince of Scotlande and of the Iles borne 413.97 Iames declared by the Popes Legate Protector of the fayth 414. 11 Iames presented from the Pope vvith a Diademe and svvorde vvith scabberd and hiltes of golde 414.13 Iames Prince of Scotlande dyeth 414. 46 Iames the fifth Prince of Scotlande and of the Iles borne 416. 70 Iames inuadeth Englande vvith a mightie armie 419.101 Iames slaine in the field and hys armie discomfited 422.30 Iames the fifth crovvned King of Scotland 423.45 Iames the fifth not in his ovvn gouernment 437.94 brought into the field against his vvil 437.108 Iames the fifth taketh vppon hym the gouernment of the Realme himselfe 439.82 Iames the fifth obteyneth Magdalene the French kings daughter in mariage 442.21 his voyage about the Iles. 442.64 sayleth intoo Fraunce and is honourably enterteyned 442.78 rideth secretly to see the Duke of Vandolmes daughter 442.87 his
Ague and so died shortly after King Henrie departeth this life the first day of December being as then aboute .lxvij. yeres of age and after he had raigned .xxxv. yeres foure moneths lacking foure dayes His bodie was conueyed into Englande and buryed at Reading within the Abbay Churche which he had founded endowed in his life time with great and large possessions Math. VVest Ran. Higd. Sim. Dunel It is written that his bodie to auoyde the stench which had infected many men was closed in a Bulles skinne and howe he that clensed the heade dyed of the sauour whiche issued out of the brayne The issue of king Henrie the first He had by his first wife a sonne named William that was drowned as ye haue heard in the sea also a daughter named Mawde whom with hir sonnes he appoynted to inherite his Crowne and other dominions He had also issude by one of his concubines a sonne named Richarde and a daughter named Mary which were also drowned with their brother William By an other concubine he had a sonne named Robert that was created Duke of Gloucester He was strong of bodie His stature fleshie and of an indifferent stature blacke of heare and in maner balde before with greate and large eyes of face comely well countenaunced and pleasant to thy beholders namely when hee was disposed to myrth He excelled in three vertues wisedome His vertues eloquence and valiancie which notwithstanding were somewhat blemished with the like number of vices that raigned in him as couetousnesse His vices crueltie and fleshly lust of bodie His couetousnesse appeared in that hee sore oppressed his subiects with tributes and impositions His crueltie was shewed chiefely in that he kept his brother Robert Courtehuse in perpetual prison and likewise in the hard vsing of his cosin Robert Earle of Mortaigne whome he not onely deteyned in prisō but also caused his eies to be put out which act was kept secrete till the kings death reuealed it And his lecherous lust was manifest by keeping of sundrie women His wisdome But in his other affayres he was circumspect and in defending his own very earnest and diligent such warres as might be auoyded with honourable peace he euer sought to appease But when such iniuries were offred as he thought not meete to suffer he was an impacient reuenger of the same ouercomming al perils with the force of vertue and manly courage His manly courage shewing himselfe eyther a most louing friend or else an extreeme enimie for his aduersaries hee would subdue to the vttermost and his friends he vsed to aduaunce aboue measure And herein he declared the propertie of a stoute Prince which is Parcere subiectis debellane superbos that is to bring vnder the proude enimies and to fauour those that submit themselues and seeke for mercy With the constant rigour of iustice he ruled the common◅ quietly and entertayned the Nobles honorably Theeues counterfeyters of money His zeale to iustice and other transgressours he caused to bee sought out with greate diligence and when they were found to be punished with great seuerity Neither did he neglect reformations of certaine naughtie abuses And as one Author hath written Sim. Dunel Theeues appoynted to be hanged he ordayned that theeues should suffer death by hanging Whē he heard that such peeces of mony as were cracked would not be receyued amongst the people although the same were good and fine siluer he caused all the coyne in the Realme to bee eyther broken or s◅it he was sober of diet vsing to eate rather to quench hunger than to pamper him selfe vp with many dayntie sortes of banketting dishes and neuer dranke but when thirst moued him he woulde sleepe soundly and snore oftentymes till he wakened therewith He pursued hys warres rather by policie than by the sworde His policie and ouercame his enimies so neare as he coulde without bloudshed and if that might not be yet with so small slaughter as was possible To conclude hee was not inferiour to any of the kings that reigned in those dayes His prayse for his Princely gouernment in wisedome and policie and so behaued himselfe that hee was honoured of the Nobles and beloued of the commons He buylded diuerse Abbayes both in Englande and in Normādie Reading Abbay buylded but Reading was the chiefest He also buylded the Manour of Woodstocke with the Parke there in whiche beside the greate store of Deare hee appoynted diuerse straunge beastes to be kept and nourished whiche were brought and sent vnto him from Countreyes farre distaunt from our partyes as Lions Leopardes Lynxes and Porkepines His estimation was suche amongest forrayne Princes that fewe woulde willingly offende him Morchav king of Irelande and his successours had him in suche reuerence Morchad king of Irelande that they durst doe nothing but that which he commaunded nor write any thing but that whiche might stande with his pleasure although at the first the same Morchad attempted somthing against the English men more than stoode with reason but afterwarde vpon restraint of the entercourse of Marchandice hee was glad to shewe himselfe more friendly The Earle of Orkney Moreouer the Earle of Orkney although he was the king of Norwayes subiecte yet hee did what hee coulde to procure king Henries friendship sending vnto him oftentymes presents of suche straunge beastes and other things in the which he knewe himselfe to haue great delyte and pleasure He had in singular fauour aboue all other of his Councell Roger Bishop of Salisburie Roger the Bishop of Salisburie a politike Prelate and one that knewe howe to order matters of great importance vnto whome hee committed the gouernment of the Realme most commonly whilest he remayned in Normandie In this Henrie ended the line of the Normans as touching the heyres male and then came in the Frenchmen by the tytle of the heyres generall after that the Normans had raigned about .lxix. yeares for so many are accounted from the comming of William Conquerour vnto the beginning of the raigne of king Stephen who succeeded next after this foresayde Henrie As well in this kings dayes as in the time of his brother William Rufus mē forgetting their owne sexe and state transformed themselues into the habite and fourme of women by suffring their heares to growe at length the which they curled and trimmed verie curiously The abuse of wearing long heares after the maner of Damosels and yong Gentlewomen and suche account they made of their long bushing perukes that those which woulde be taken for Courtiers stroue with women who shoulde haue the longest tresses and such as wanted sought to amende it with arte and by knitting wreathes aboute their heades of those their long and side lockes for a brauerie 1127 Mat. VVest Yet we read that king Henrie gaue cōmaundement to all his people to cut their heares about the .28 yere of his reigne Preachers in deed
inueyed agaynst such vnseemely maners in men as a thing more agreeable for women than for their estate Wil. Mal. reciteth a tale of a knight in those dayes that tooke no small liking of himselfe for his fayre long heares but chauncing to haue a right terrible dreame as he slept one night it seeming to him that one was about to strangle him with his owne heares which he wrapped about his throte and necke the impression thereof sanke so deepely into his minde that when hee awakened oute of that dreame he streight wayes caused so much of his heare to bee cutte as might seeme superfluous A great number of other in the realme followed his coÌ„mendable example but their remorse of conscience herein that thus caused them to cut their heares continued not long for they fell to the like abuse againe so as within a .xij. monethes space they exceeded therein as farre past all termes of seemely order as before King Stephen 1135 An. Reg. 1 STephen Erle of Bullongne y e son of Stephe Erle of Bloys by his wife Adela daughter to William Conquerour came ouer w t al speed after the death of his vncle and tooke open him the gouernment of the realm of England partly vpon confidence which he had in the puissance and streÌ„gth at his brother Theobald Erle of Bloys and partly by the ayde of his other brother Henrie Bishop of Winchester and Abbot of Glastenburie although y t he with other of the nobles had sworne afore to bee true vnto the Empresse and his issue as lawfull heyres of king Henrie lately deceassed as you before haue heard The same day in the which he ariued in Englande A tempest Math. VVest there chaunced a mightie great tempest of thunder with lightning maruelous and horrible to heare and behold And bycause this happened in the winter time it seemed agaynst nature therefore it was the more noted as a foreshewing of some trouble and calamitie to come This Stephen beganne his raigne ouer this realme of England the second day of December in the yeare of our Lord 1â—…35 in the .xj. yeare of the Emperor Lothair the sixt of Pope Innocentius the second and about the .xxvij. of Lewes the .vij. surnamed Crassus king of Fraunce Dauid the first of that name then raigning in Scotland and beeing alreadie entred into the .xij. of his regiment Math. Paris VVil. Mal. Simon Dun. He was crowned also at Westminster vpon S. Stephens day by William the Archbishop of Cantervburie the moste part of the Nobles of the Realme being present and swearing their obedience vnto him as to their â—…me and lawfull soueraigne Howbeit there were diuerse of the wiser sort of all estates whiche regarding their former of he could haue beene contented that the Empresse should haue gouerned till hir sonne had come to lawfull age notwithstanding they helde their â—…eace as yet and consented vnto Stephen Periurie punished But to say the truth the breach of theyr othes was worthily punished afterward insomuch that aswell the Bishops as the other nobles either died an euill death or were afflicted with diuerse kindes of calamities and mischaunces and that euen here in this life of whiche some of them as their time serueth maye bee remembred hereafter Yet there were of them VVil. Mal. The Bishop of Salisburies protestation and namely the Bishop of Salisburie which protested that they were free from their othe of allegiaunce made to the sayde Empresse bycause that without the consent of the Lordes of the land she was maried out of the realme whereas they tooke their oth to receyue hir for Queen vpon that coÌ„dition that without their assent she should not marcy with any person out of the realme Moreouer as some writers think the Bishops tooke it The Bishopâ—… think to please God in breaking their oth that they should do god good seruice in prouiding for the welth of the realme the aduancement of the Church by their periurie For whereas the late deceassed king vsed himselfe not altogither for their purpose they thought that if they might set vp and treate a king chiefly by their especiall meanes authoritie he woulde follow their counsell better and reforme such things as they iudged to be amisse Mat. Pat. But a greate cause that moued many of the lords vnto the violating thus of their othe was as some Authors reherse for that Hugh Bigot Hugh Bigot somtime stewarde to king Henry the first immediately after y e decease of K. Henry câ—…me into England and aswell before the Archbishop of Canterbury as diuerse other lords of the land tooke an othe of his owne accorde although most men thinke that hee was hired so to doe bycause of great promotion declaring vpon the same that he was present a little before King Henries death when the same king adopted and chose his nephew Stephen to be his heyre successour bycause that his daughter the Empresse had grieously displeased him But vnto this mans othe the Archbishop and the other Lordes were too swiâ—…t in giuing of credite And the sayde Hugh escaped not after 〈◊〉 worthie punishment for that his persury for shortly after he came by y e iust iudgment of God to a miserable ende But to our purpose King Stephen by what fifte soeuer he came by the same immediatly after his coronation Sim. Dunel 1136 went first to Reading to the burial of the bodie of his vncle HeÌ„rie the same being now brought ouer forth of NormaÌ„dy Polidore Simon Dun. Mat. Par. after the buriall he repayred vnto Oxford and there calling a Councell of his Lords and other estates of his realme The fayre promises of king Stephen Amongest other things hee promised before y e whole assembly to win the hearts of the people that he would lay down and quite abolish that tribute which oftentimes was accustomed to be gathered after the rate of their acres or bides of lande commonly called Dancgylt whiche was two shillings of euery hide of laÌ„d Also y t he wold so prouide y e no Bishops sees nor other benefices should 〈◊〉 void but immediately after vpon theyr first being vacant should be again bestowed vpon some conuenient person meete to supplie the rowme Further he promised not to seaze vpon any mans wooddes as forfeyt though any pryuate man had hunted and killed his Deere in the same wooddes as the maner of his predecessour was for a kinde of forfeyture was deuised by K. Henrie that those shoulde lose their right of inheritance in their woods that chaunced to kill any of the kings Deere within the same Polidore Ran. Higd. Licence to build castels Moreouer he graunted licence to all men to buylde eyther Castell Tower or other holde for defence of themselues vpon their owne groundes And this he did chiefly in hope that y e same might be a sauegard for him in time to come if the Empresse should inuade the lande as
whyther came to him William the Scottishe king wyth his brother Dauid to welcom him home and to congratulate his happie successe in his businesse on the further syde the seas They were honourably entertained and at their departure princely rewarded The King beeyng returned thus into Englande punished the Sheriffes of the lande right grieuously for their extortion brybery and rapine After this A prudent consideratioÌ„ in the king studying howe to assure the estate of the Realme vnto his sonnes vpon good consideration remembring that no liuing creature was more subiecte to the vncertayntie of death than Adams heires Mans nature ambicious and that there is ingrafted suche a feruent desyre in the ambitions nature of man to gouerne that so ofte as they once come in hope of a kingdome they are without regard eyther of right or wrong God or deuyll tyll they be in possession of theyr desyred pray Hee thought it not the worst poynt of wysedome to foresee that whyche myghte happen for if hee shoulde chaunce to departe thys lyfe and leaue his sonnes young and not able to maynteyne warres through lacke of knowledge it myght fortune them thorough the ambition of some to be defrauded and disappoynted of theyr lawfull inheritaunce Therefore to preuente the chaunces of fortune he determined whylest hee was alyue to crowne his eldest sonne Henry being nowe of the age of .xvij. yeares and so to inueste hym in the kingdome by his owne acte in his lyfe tyme which died turned hym to much trouble as after shall appeare Thus being vpon this poynt resolued he calleth togyther a parliament of the nobles bothe spirituall and temporall at London Rog. HouedeÌ„ and there on Saint Bartholomews daye proclaymed his sayd sonne Henry fellowe with hym in the kyngdome whome after this on the Sundaye followyng beyng the fourtenth daye of Iune 1170. Henrye the son crovvned the 18. of Iuly hath Math. Paris Roger the Archbishoppe of Yorke dyd crowne accordyng to the manner commaunded so to doe by the kyng Thys office appertayned vnto the Archbishoppe of Canterbury but bycause he was banished the Realme the Kyng appoynted the Archbishoppe of Yorke to doe it which he ought not to haue done without licence of the Archebyshop of Canterbury within the precincte of his prouince VVil. Paruus as was alledged by the Archbyshop Becket who complayned thereof vnto Pope Alexander and so incensed the Pope that hee beyng hyghly moued by his letters forbad not only the Archbishop of Yorke The Archebishop of Yorke is to bâ—…ddeÌ„ the vse of the Sacramentes but also Gilberte Bishoppe of London and Iocelyn Bishop of Salisburye which were presente at the Coronation the vse of the Sacramentes whiche made king Henry farre more displeased wyth the Archebishoppe Thomas than he was before Mat. Paris Polidore The king become seruatour to his sonne Vpon the day of the Coronation king Henry the father serued hys sonne at the Table as sewer bringing vp the Bores head with trumpettes afore it accordyng to the maner For the whiche the yong man conceyuing a pride in his hearte Honors change manners beheld the standers by with a more stately countenaunce than he had bin wonte Whervpon the Archebishoppe of Yorke whiche sat by hym turnyng vnto hym sayde Be glad my good sonne there is not an other Prince in the worlde that hath suche a sewer at his table To this the newe king answered Yong men set 〈…〉 dignitie 〈◊〉 forget 〈…〉 â—…eâ—…uce as it were disdainfully thus Why doest thou maruell at that My father in doing it thinketh it not more thaÌ„ becommeth him that he being borne of princely bloud onely on the mothers syde serueth mee that am borne hauyng both a Kyng to my father and a Queene to my mother Thus the yong man of an euill and peruerse nature was puffed vp in pryde by his fathers vnseemely dooings But the Kyng hys father hearyng his talke was right sorrowfull in his mynde and sayde to the Archbishoppe softlye in his eare It repenteth meâ—…̄ it repenteth mee my Lorde that I haue thus aduaunced the boy For he guessed hereby what a one he woulde proue afterwarde that shewed himselfe so disobediente and frowarde already But although he was displeased with hym self in that he had done euyll yet nowe when that whyche was done coulde not bee vndoone he caused all the nobles and lords of the realme togither with the king of Scots and his brother Dauid to do homage vnto his sayde sonne thus made fellow with hym in the kingdome but he would not release them of theyr othe of allegiance wherin they stoode bounde to obeye him the father so long as he lyued Yet there hee that write that hee renounced his estate firste afore all the Lordes of the land and after caused his sonne to be crowned â–ª but in suche vncertayne poyntes set foorth by parciall wryters that is to be receyued as a truth which is confirmed by the order and sequele of thyngs after done and put in practise For trouthe it is that kyng Henry the father so long as his sonne lyued did shewe himselfe sometyme as fellowe with his son in gouernmeÌ„t somtime as absolute kyng And after his sons decease he continued in the entier gouernment so long as he lyued But to proceede The Frenche kyng hearyng that hys sonne in lawe was thus crowned and not his daughter the wyfe of Henry the sonne The Frenche king offended he was highly offended therewith and threatened to make warre against kyng Henry the father excepte hys daughter Margarete myghte receyue the Crowne also as Queene immediately The cause why she was not crowned was by reason of hir yong yeares and had not as yet companyed with hir husbande But king Henrye the Father vnderstandyng the Frenche kyngs threates sayled ouer into Normandye where whylest they prepare for warre on bothe sydes by the earneste diligence of Theobalde Earle of Bloys An entervevve of the kings Rog. Houedeâ—… bothe the Kyngs come to an entervewe at Vendosme where at length they were accorded vppon promyse made by kyng Henrye that he woulde cause his sonne to bee crowned agayne and wyth hym his wyse the sayde Margarete the Frenche kings daughter The Frenche kyng contented therewyth departed homewardes and kyng Henry retournyng came to Vernon where hee fell into so great a sickenesse that anone it was bruted thoroughout In deede he him selfe was in suche dispayre of yfe He made his testament that he made his Testament wherein he â—…ssigned his sonne Richard the Duchie of Aquitayne and all those landes which came by Queene Elianor the mother of the same Richard R. Houe And to his sonne Geffrey he bequeathed Britaigne with the daughter of Earle Conan the which he had purchased to his vse of the French kyng And to his sonne Kyng Henry he gaue the Duchie of Normandy and all those landes which came by his father Geffrey Earle of Anion And to his youngest
and maynteyned a true quarrell til his liues ende Also his enimies continued not long after but came to euill ende Others conceyued an other opinion of hym alledging that hee fauoured not his wife but lyued in spouse breache Sâ—… Sâ—â—tlike partes defiling a greate number of damosels Gentlewomen If any offended him he slew him shortly after in his wrathfull moode Apostataes and other euill doers he mainteyned and would not suffer them to be punished by due order of lawe All his doings hee vsed to coÌ„mitte vnto one of his Secretaries and tooke no heede himselfe thereof and as for the manner of his death he fledde shamefully in the fight and was taken and put to death against his will bycause he could not auoide it yet by reason of certayne miracles whiche were said to be done neere to the place both where he suffered and where hee was buried caused many to thinke he was a Sainct howbeit at length by the Kings commaundement the Church dores of the Priory where hee was buried were shut and closed so that no man might be suffered to come to the tombe to bryng any offerings or to do any other kinde of deuotion to the same Also the hill where hee suffered Caxtâ—â— was kept by certaine Gascoignes appoynted by the L. Hugh Spencer the sonne as then lying at Pounfret to the ende that no people shoulde come and make their prayers there in worship of the said Earle whome they tooke verily for a Martir When the King had subdued the Barons shortly after A Parliament at Yorke aboute the feast of the Ascention of our Lord he held a ParliameÌ„t at Yorke in whiche Parliament the record and whole processe of the decree or iudgement concerning the disinheriting of the Spencers ordeined by the Lordes in Parliament assembled at London The râ—… touchâ—… â–ª aâ—… banishiâ—… 〈◊〉 the Spenceâ—… reuersed the last sommer was now throughly examined and for their errors therein found the same recorde and processe was cleerely adnihillated and reuersed and the sayd Spencers were restored to al their lands and offices â—…eation of â—…rles as before And in the same ParliameÌ„t the Lorde Hugh Spencer the father was made Earle of Winchester and the Lorde Andrew de Herkley Earle of Careleill Moreouer in the same Parliamente all suche were disinherited as had taken part with y e Erles of Lancaster Hereford â—…he Lorde â—…deley â—…doned except the Lorde Hugh Audeley the yonger and a few other the whyche Lord Hugh was pardoned bycause he had married the Kings neece that was sister to Gilberte de Clare Earle of Gloucester which was slayne in Scotlande at the battell of Bannockesborne as before is mentioned Robert Baldocke is maâ—…e 〈◊〉 Chancellor Polidor Also master Robert Baldocke a man euil beloued in the Realme is made Lord Chancellour of England This Robert Baldocke and one Simon Reding were great fauourers of y e SpeÌ„cers and so likewise was the Earle of Arundell and thereby it may be thought that the Spencers did help to aduance them into the Kings fauour so that they bare no small rule in the Realme during the time that the same Spencers continued in prosperitie which for y e tearme of fiue yeres after that the foresaide Barons as before is expressed were brought to confusion did wonderfully encrease The Queene â—…iueth good â—…ouncell and the Queene for that she gaue good and faithfull counsaile was nothing regarded but by the Spencers meanes cleerely worne out of the Kings fauour The kings â—…dest sonne â—…eated prince 〈◊〉 Wales Moreouer we finde that in this Parliament holden at Yorke the Kings eldest sonne Edward was made Prince of Wales and Duke of Aquitaine Also the King caused the ordinances made by the Earles and Barons to be examined by men of great knowledge and skill and suche as were thought necessary to be established he commaunded that the same shoulde be called statutes Statutes and not ordinances Beside a great subsedie graunted to the King by the Temporaltie A subsedie the Cleargie of the prouince of Caunterburie graunted fiue peÌ„ce of euery marke and they of y e prouince of Yorke four pence Aymer Earle of Pembroke beeing returned home from this Parliamente holden at Yorke Addition to Triuet The Earle of Pembroke arrested was arrested by certaine Knightes sent with authoritie thereto from the King who brought him backe to Yorke where at length through sute of certayne noble men hee was vpon his oth taken to be a faithfull subiect and in consideration of a fine whiche hee payed to the King set at libertie The occasion of his emprisonmente came for that he was accused and detected to bee a secrete fauourer of the Barons cause against the Spencers in time of the late troubles Moreouer shortly after Fabian the King gathered the sixth peny of the temporall mens goodes thorough Englande Irelande and Wales whyche had bin graunted to him at the foresaide Parliament holden at Yorke towards the defending of the Realme against the Scottes This taxe was not gathered withoute greate murmure and grudge the Realme beeing in such euill and miserable state as it then was This yeare also the sunne appeared to mans sighte in coulour like to bloud and so continued sixe houres that is to witte from seuen of the clocke in y e morning of y e last day of October vnto one of y e clocke in the after none of y e same day Kyng Edwarde being thus besette with two mischiefes both at one time thought good first to prouide remedie againste the neerer daunger whiche by the Scottes was still at hande and therefore he meant to goe against them hymselfe and to send his brother Edmond Earle of Kent into Guyenne to defende that countrey from the Frenchmen An. reg 16. Heerevppon nowe in the sixteenth yeare of hys raigne after that y e Scottes were returned home with a great bootie and rich spoyle The King goeth into Scotlande with an army Rich. South Merimouth he gote togyther a wonderfull greate army of men and entring into Scotland passed far within the CouÌ„trey not finding any resistance at all as the most parte of oure writers doe agree but at length through famine and diseases of the flixe and other maladies that fell amongst the Englishmen in the army hee was constreyned to come backe and in his way besieged the Castell of Norham whiche fortresse hee wanne within tenne dayes after he had begun to assault it Robert Bruce immediately after the English army was retired home reysed a power and entring into England by Sulway sands lay at a place called Beaumond not past three myles from Careleill by the space of fiue dayes sending in the meane time the most parte of his army abroade to spoyle and harrie the countrey on euery side and afterwardes remouing from thence hee passeth towardes Blackamore hauing knowledge by diligente espials that King Edwarde was in those parties giuing hymselfe
therefore was the more circumspect for his owne safetie and studyed howe by some meanes he mighte dispatche the Duke of Gloucester out of the way as the man whome he most feared least his life shoulde be his destruction by one meanes or other Easter was nowe past the tyme as yee haue hearde appoynted before the which the Duke of Irelande should haue transported ouer into Irelande and yet was hee not set forward but least somewhat myght be thought in the matter and for feare of some sturre to be raysed by the Lords of the Realme that wished him gone accordyng to the order prescribed at the last Parliament Dissention betwixt the Kyng and the nobles the King as it were to bring hym to the water side wente with him into Wales where beeyng out of the way they myghte deuise how to dispatche the Duke of Gloucester the Earles of Arundell Warwike Darbye and Nottingham with others of that faction There were with the King besyde the Duke of Ireland Michael de la Pole Earle of Suffolke Roberte Trisilian Lorde chiefe Iustice and diuers other whiche doubtfull of theyr owne safegardes dyd what they coulde as writers reporte to moue the King forwarde to the destruction of those noble men After the Kyng had remayned in those parties a good while hee returned An. reg â—… and broughte the Duke of Irelande backe with him agayne so that it semed hys boyage into Ireland was now quite forgotten Addition to Paâ—… Memorand that the fiue and twentith daye of August in the eleuenth yeare of the raigne of King Richard the second at the Castell of Nottingham aforesayde Roberte Trisilian Lorde chiefe Iustice of Englande Roberte Belknap Lord chiefe Iustice of the common pleas Iohn Holte Roger Fulthorp and WilliaÌ„ Borough Knightes and associates of the sayde Roberte Belknap and Iohn Lockton one of the Kyngs sergeants at the lawe beeing personally required in presence of the Lordes and other witnesses vnder written by our sayd soueraigne Lorde the Kyng in that faith and allegiance in whiche to him they were bounden that they shoulde truely aunswere to certayne questions vnderwritten and vpon the same by their discretions to say the lawe Firste it was asked of them whether the newe statute Question in laws demided 〈◊〉 the Iustice ordinaunce and commission made in the last Parliament holden at Westminster bee hurtfull to the kings prerogatiue Wherevnto all of one minde aunswered that they were hurtfull and specially bycause they bee agaynste the kings will Item it was enquired of them howe they oughte to bee punished that procured the sayde Statute ordinance and Comission to be made Wherevnto with one assent they answered that they deserued death except the King of his grace would pardon them Item it was enquired how they ought to be punished whiche moued the King to consente to the making of the said statute ordinance and coÌ„mission Wherevnto they aunswered that vnlesse the King woulde giue them his pardon they ought to lose their liues Item it was enquired of them what punishment they deserued that compelled the Kyng to the making of that statute ordinance and commission Wherevnto they gaue aunswere that they ought to suffer as Traytors Item it was demaunded of them howe they ought to bee punished that interrupted the Kyng so that hee myghte not exercise those things that apperteyned to his regaltie and prerogatiue Wherevnto aunswere was made that they ought to be punished as Traytors Item it was enquired of them whether that after the affayres of the Realme and the cause of the callyng togither the states to the Parliamente were once by the Kyngs commaundemente declared and opened and other articles on the Kyngs behalfe limitted vppon whyche the Lordes and commons of the Realme ought to intreate and proceede if the Lordes neuerthelesse woulde proceede vpon other articles and not meddle with those articles which the Kyng hadde limited till time the King hadde aunswered the Articles proponed by them notwithstanding the Kyng enioyned them to the contrarie Whether in this case the Kyng myghte rule the Parliament and cause them to proceede vppon the Articles by hym limited before they proceede any further To whyche question it was aunswered that the Kyng shoulde haue in thys parte the rule for order of all suche articles to be prosecuted vntill the ende of the Parliamente And if any presumed to goe contrary to this rule he was to be punished as a traytor Item it was asked whether the King when so euer it pleased hym myghte not dissolue the Parliamente and commaunde the Lordes and commons to depart from thence or not Wherevnto it was aunswered that hee might Item it was inquired that for asmuche as it was in the Kyng to remoue suche Iustices and officers as offende and to punishe them for theyr offences Whether the Lordes and commons myghte without the Kings wil impeache the same officers and Iustices vpoÌ„ their offences in Parliament or not To this aunswere was made that they myghte not and hee that attempted contrarye was to suffer as a Traytor Item it was enquired howe hee is to bee punished that moued in the Parliamente that the statute wherein Edwarde the sonne of Kyng Edwarde greate grandfather to the Kyng that nowe is was endited in Parliamente myght be sente for by inspection of whyche Statute the sayde newe statute or ordinaunce and commission were conceyued and deuised in the Parliament To whiche question with one accorde as in all the residue they aunswered that as well hee that so summoned as the other whyche by force of the same motion broughte the sayde Statute into the Parliamente house be as publique offendors and Traytors to bee punished Item it was enquired of them whether the Iudgemente giuen in the Parliament agaynste Michael de la Pole Earle of Suffolke were erronious and reuocable or not To which question likewise with one assente they sayd that if the same iudgement were nowe to bee giuen the Iustices and Sergeaunte aforesayde woulde not gyue the same bycause it seemed to them that the sayde iudgemente is reuocable and erronious in euery part In witnesse whereof the Iustices and Sergeaunte aforesayde to these presentes haue set there seales these beeing witnesses Alexander Archbyshop of Yorke Roberte Archbyshoppe of Dublin Iohn Byshop of Durham Thomas Byshop of Chester Iohn Byshoppe of Bangor Robert Duke of Irelande Mighell Earle of Suffolke Iohn Rypon Clearke and Iohn Blake Tho. VVals Now beside these Iustices and Sergeaunte there were called at that presente vnto Notingham all other Iustices of the Realme and the Sherifes Also diuers of the Citie of London which the King knewe would encline to his will the rather for that some of them hauing aforetime confessed treason against the King by them imagined and obteyning pardon for the same were ready at his commaundemente to recompence suche fauoure in the accomplishmente of what soeuer they knewe myghte stand with hys pleasure Heerevppon they beeing enpanelled to enquire
and as it hath bin reported he enformed the king whether truly or not I haue not to say that the duke franâ—…ly confessed euery thing wherwith he was charged Wherevpon the King sent vnto Thomas Mowbray Erle Marshall and of Notingham to make the Duke secretly away The Earle prolonged tyme for the executing of the kings coÌ„mandement though the K. wold haue had it done with all expedition whereby the King conceiued no small displeasure and â—…rare that it should cost the Earle his life if he quickly obeyed not his commaundement The Earle thus as it seemed in 〈…〉 called 〈◊〉 the Duke at midnight as if he should haue taken shippe to passe ouer into England and there in the lodging called the Priâ—… on Iune he raâ—…sed his seruantes to cast fâ—…ther â—…des vpon hym â–ª and so to smoother him for death or otherwyse tâ—… strangle him with towels as some write This was the ende of that noble man â—…e of nature hastye wyfull and giuen more to warre than to peace and in this greatly to bee discoÌ„mended that he was euer repining against the king in all things whatsoeuer he wished to haue forward He was thus made away not so soon as the brute ran of his death but as it shuld appeare by some authors he remained alyue till the parliament that next ensued and then about the same time that the Erle of Arundell suffred he was dispatched as before ye haue heard His bodie was afterwardes with all funerall pompe conueyd into England and buryed at his owne manour of Plashy within the church there In a sepulchre whiche he in his life tyme had caused to he made and there erected The same euening that the K. departed from London towardes Plashye to apprehende the Duke of Gloucester The Earle of â—…all appreed the Erle of Rutlande and the Erle of Kent were sent with a greate number of men of armes archers to arrest the Erle of Arundell whiche was done easily inough by reason that the sayde Earle was trayned wyth fayre wordes at the kings handes till hee was within his daunger where otherwyse he mighte haue bin hable to haue saued hymselfe and deliuered his frendes The Earle of Warwike was taken and coÌ„mitted to the Tower the same day that the King hadde willed hym to dinner and shewed him verie good countenaunce There were also apprehended and committed to the Tower the same tyme the Lorde Iohn Cobham and sir Iohn Cheyny knightes The Earle of Arundell was sente to the Isle of Wight there to remayne as prisoner till the next parliament in the whiche he determined so to prouide that they shoulde bee all condemned and put to death And for doubt of some commotion that might aryse amoÌ„gst the commons he caused it by open proclamation to be signified that these noble men were not apprehended for any offence committed long agone but for newe trespasses agaynst the kyng as in the next ParliameÌ„t it shuld be manifestly declared proued Shortly after he procured them to be indited at Notingham suborning suche as should appeale them in parliament The â—…es of â—…e appeâ—…nts to wit Edward erle of Rutlande Thomas Mowbray Erle Marshal Thomas Holland erle of Kent Iohn Holland Erle of â—…ngton 〈…〉 Boâ—… Erle of â—…set Iohn 〈◊〉 Earle of Salisbury Thomas Lorde Speâ—… and the Lorde William Sâ—…ropâ—… Lorde Câ—…berlaine In the meane tyme the King â—…earing what mighte he attempted against 〈◊〉 by those tâ—… fauoured these noblemen thâ—… 〈…〉 sent forâ—… power of Cheshire 〈◊〉 that mighte day and nighte keepe watch 〈◊〉 warde about his person A garde of Cheshire men about the king They were aboute .ij. thousand archers payde weekely as by the Annales of Britayne 〈◊〉 appeareth The King had â—…ttle trust in any of the nobilitie except in hâ—… brother the eldâ—… of Huntington and the Earleâ—… of Rutlandâ—… son to the duke of Yorke and in the Earle of Salusburye in these onely he reposeâ—… a confidence and not in any other except a certain knightes and gentlemen of his priuie chamber In the meane tyme whyles thinges were thus in broyâ—…e before the beginning of the parliament diuers other besyde them whom we haue spoâ—… of were apprehended and put in sundry prisons The Parliament was summoned to begin at Westminster the xvij of September The lordes appoynted to come in vvarlike manner to the parliament and writtes therevpon directed to euery of the Lordes to appeare and to bring with them a sufficient nuÌ„ber of armed men and archers in their best aray for it was not knowen how the Dukes of Lancaster and Yorke would take the death of their brother nor howe other peares of the Realme would take the apprehension and imprisonment of their kynsemen the Earles of Arundell and Warwicke and of the other prisoners Surely the two Dukes when they heard that their brother was so sodainly made away Polidor they will not what to saye to the matter and beganne bothe to be sorowfull for his death and doubtefull of their owne states for sith they sawe howe the Kyng abused by the counsell of euill men absteyned not from suche an heynous acte they thought he would afterwardes attempte greater my sorders from tyme to tyme. Therefore they assembled in all haste greate numbers of theyr seruauntes frendes and tenauntes The Dukes of Lancaster and Yorke assemble their povvers to resiste the Kings dealings and commyng to London were receyued into the Citie For the Londoners were ryghte sorye for the death of the Duke of Gloucester who hadde euer sought their fauour in somuche that now they woulde haue bin contented to haue ioyned with the Dukes in seeking reuenge of so noble a mannes death procured and broughte to passe without lawe or reason as the common bruite then walked although peraduenture he was not as yet made awaye Heere the Dukes and other fell in counsell manie thinges were proponed some wold that they should by force reuenge the duke of Gloucesters death other thought it mere y t the Erles Marshall and Huntington and certaine others as chiefe authours of all the mischiefe shoulde be pursued and punished for their demerites hauing trayned vp the king in vice and euill customes euen from his youth But the dukes after their displeasure was somewhat assuaged determined to couer the stinges of their griefs for a tyme and if the king would amende his maners to forget also the iniuries past In the meane time the K. lay at Eltham Caxton Fabian Polidor and had got about him a greate power namely of those archers which he hadde sent for out of Cheshyre in whome he put a singular trust more than in any other There went messengers betwixt him and the Dukes whiche beeing men of honour did theyr endeuor to appease both parties The Kyng discharged himselfe of blame for the duke of Gloucesters death considering that he had gone about to breake the truce whiche he had taken with France and also stirred the people of
honorably enterteined vvith the french king and him honorably interteined in so much that he had by fauor obteyned in mariage the only daughter of y e duke of Berry vncle to the frenche K. if King Richard had not bin a let in that matter who being thereof certified sent the earle of Salisbury with all speede into France Froissart both to surmise by vntrue suggestion hainous offences against him and also to require the frenche King that in no wise hee woulde suffer his cousin to bee matched in mariage with him that was so manifest an offendor On Neweyeares day this yeare 1399 the riuer that passeth betwixte Suelleston or Snelston and Harewood twoo villages not farre from Bedforde sodeinly ceassed hir course so as the chanell remained drie by the space of three miles that any man might enter into and passe the same drie foote at his plesure This deuision whiche the water made in that place the one part seeming as it were not to come nere to the other was iudged to signifie the reuolting of the subiectes of this land from their naturall Prince althoughe it may be that the water of that riuer sanke into the ground and by some secrete passage or chanell tooke course till it came to the place where it might rise again as in other places is likewise seene Ye haue heard before howe the Archebishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel was banished the Realme Fabian Roger Walden was made Archbishop of that see who was a greate fauourer of the citie of London the which was eftsoones about this season falne into the kings displeasure but by the diligente labour of this Archebishop and of Roberte Braybrooke then bishop of London vpon the humble supplication of the citizens the kings wrathe was pacified Blanke charters But yet to content the kings mind many blanke charters were deuised and brought into the citie which many of the substanciall welthie citizens were fayne to seale to their greate chardge as in the ende appeared And the like charters were sent abroad into al shires within the realme wherby greate grudge and murmuring arose among the people for when they were so sealed the kings officers wrote in the same what liked them as well for charging the parties with payment of money as otherwise The deathe of â—…e duke of Lancaster In this meane time the duke of Lancaster departed out of this life at the bishop of Elies place in Holborne and lieth buryed in the cathedrall churche of S. Paule in London on the North side of the highe Aulter by the Lady Blaunche his firste wife The death of this duke gaue occasion of encreasing more hatred in the people of this realm towarde the king for he seased into his handes all the goods that belonged to hym and also receyued all the rents and reuenues of his landes whiche ought to haue discended vnto the duke of Hereforde by lawfull inheritaunce in reuoking his letters patents which he had graunted to him before Thom VVal. by vertue wherof he might make his attorneis generall to sue liuery for hym of any maner of inheritaunces or possessions that myghte from thenceforthe fall vnto hym and that hys homage myghte bee respited wyth making reasonable fine wherby it was euident that the king ment his vtter vnâ—… 〈◊〉 Thys hards dealing was muche myâ—… of all the nobilitie and cried out against of the meaner sorte But namely the Duke of Yorke was therewyth sore amoued who before this time had borne things with so pacient a 〈◊〉 as he could though the same touched him 〈◊〉 neare as the death of his brother the Duke of Gloucester the banishment of hys nephâ—… the said duke of Hereford and other mo iniuries 〈◊〉 greate number which for the slippery youth of the king hee passed ouer for the tyme and did forget aswell as he might But now perceiuing that neither law 〈◊〉 nor equitie could take place where the kinges wilful wil was bent vpon any wrongfull purpose he considered that the glorie of the 〈◊〉 wealthe of his countrey must needes decay by reason o the king his lacke of witte and want of suche as would without flattery admonish hym of hys duty and therefore hee thought it the parte of a wise man to get hym in time to a resting place and to leaue the followyng of suche an vnaduised capitaine as wyth a leaders sworde would cut his owne throate Herevpon he wyth the duke of Aumarle his sonne went to his house at Langley The duke of York mistaketh the court and goeth 〈◊〉 reioicing that nothing had mishappened in the common wealthe throughe his deuise or consent The realme let to ferme by the Kyng The common brute â—…anne that the kyng had sette to ferme the realme of England vnto sir Wylliam Scrope Earle of Wiltshire and then treasourer of Englande to sir Iohn Bushy Syr Iohn Bagot and sir Henry Greene Knights Aboute the same time the Earle of Arundels sonne named Thomas whiche was kept in the duke of Exeters house escaped out of the realme by meanes of one Willyam Scot meecer and went to his vncle Thomas Arundell late Archbishop of Canterbury as then soiorning at Coleyn King Richarde beeing destitute of treasure to furnishe suche a Princely porte as he mainteined Tho. VVals borrowed greate summes of money of many of the greate Lordes and Peeres of hys realme both spiritual and temporall and likewise of other meane persones promysing them in good earnest by deliuering to them his letters patentes for assuraunce that hee woulde repay the money so borrowed at a day appointed which notwithstanding he neuer payd Moreoreouer Nevve â—…actionâ—… this yere he caused .xvij. shires of the realme by way of putting theÌ„ to their fines to pay no smal suÌ„mes of money for redeeming their offeÌ„ces that they had aided y e duke of Gloucester the erles of Arudel Warwik wheÌ„ theâ—… rose in armor against him The nobles gentlemeÌ„ and commons of those shires were enforced also to receiue a newe othe to assure the king of their fidelitie in time to come The 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 vvas 〈◊〉 plâ—…ce 〈◊〉 vvere to 〈◊〉 the King vvithall but the same displeâ—… many that vvas that conâ—…d to pay against their vvâ—…es and withall certaine prelates and other honorable persoâ—…ges were sent into the same shites to persuade men to this payment and to see thinges ordered at the pleasure of the Prince and surely the â—…nes whiche the nobles and other the meaner estates of those shires were constrayned to pay were not small but exceeding greate to the offence of many Moreouer the kings letters pâ—…coâ—…tes were sent into euery shire within this land by vertue whereof The people coÌ„â—… their othe 〈◊〉 alegeaâ—…nce by vvriting â—…ed an othe was demaunded of all the kings liege people for a further assuraunce of their due obedience and they were consterined to ratifie the same in writing vnder their handes and seales Moreouer they
sending away the Messengers promised to sende them ayde very shortly There were with the king at this siege his son the duke of Aquitaine otherwise called the Dolphin the dukes of Burgoigne Bar and a great number of other erles lords knights gentlemeÌ„ so that the Citie was besieged euen til within the Faux burges of that side towards Dun le Roy. The siege continued till at length through mediation of Philibert de Lignac Lorde greate maister of the Rhodes and the Marshall of Sauoy that were both in the kings campe trauelling betwixt the parties there were appoynted CoÌ„missioners on both sides to treate for a peace to wit the master of the Crosbowes and the Seneshal of Heynalt and certain other for the king and the Archbishop of Bourges and the Lorde of Gaucourt and others for the Orlientiall side A peace concluded beâ—…wixt the two factions of Burgoin and Orleans These comming togither on a Fryday the .xv. of Iuly in the Dolphins Tent vsed the matter with such discretion that they concluded a peace and so on the Wednesday nexte following the campe brake vp and the king returned Eyton Whilest these things were a doing in France the Lorde Henrie Prince of Wales The prince of wales accused to his father eldest sonne to king Henrie got knowledge that certain of his fathers seruants were busie to giue informations agaynst him whereby discorde might arise betwixte him and his father Iohn Stow. for they put into the Kings heade not onely what euill rule according to the course of youth the Prince kepte to the offence of many but also what greate resort of people came to hys house so that the Courte was nothing furnished wyth suche a traine as dayly folowed the Prince These tales brought no small suspition into the Kings heade The suspiciuos ieaâ—…ousie of the king towards his son least hys sonne woulde presume to vsurpe the crowne bee beeing yet aliue through which suspitious iealousie it was perceiued that he fauoured not his sonne as in tymes past he had done The Prince sore offended with such persons as by slaunderous reportes sought not onely to spotte his good name abroade in the realme but to sow discorde also betwixt him and his father wrote his letters into euery part of the realme to reproue all such slaunderous deuises of those that sought hys discredite and to cleare himselfe the better that the Worlde mighte vnderstande what wrong he had to be slandered in such wise aboute the feast of Peter and Paule to witte The prince goeth to the court with a great trayne the .xxix. daye of Iune hee came to the Courte with such a number of Noble menne and other his friendes that wished him wel as the like train had beene seldome seene repayring to the Court at any one tyme in those dayes He was apparelled in a Gowne of blewe Satten full of smal Oylet holes His strange apparel at euery hole the needle hanging by a silke threde with which it was sewed Aboute his arme he ware an Houndes coller sette full of SS of golde and the tyrettes likewise being of the same mettall The Court was then at Westminster where he being entred into the Hall not one of his companie durst once aduaunce himselfe further than the fire in the same Hall notwithstanding they were earnestly requested by the Lordes to come higher but they regarding what they had in coÌ„maundement of the prince woulde not presume to do in any thing contrary thervnto He himself onely accompanied with those of the kings house was streight admitted to the presence of the k. his father who being at y e time grieuously diseased caused himself yet in hys Chayre to be borne into his priuie Chamber where in the presence of three or foure persons in whome he had moste confidence The prince coÌ„meth to the kings presence hee commaunded the Prince to shew what hee had to saye concerning the cause of hys comming The Prince kneeling downe before his father sayde Most redoubted and soueraigne Lord and father I am this time come to your presence as your liege man and as your naturall sonne in all things to be at your commaundement His wordes to his father And where I vnderstand you haue in suspition my demeanour agaynst your grace you knowe very well that if I knewe any man wythin thys realme of whome you shoulde stande in feare my dutie were to punish that person thereby to remoue that griefe from your heart Then howe much more ought I to suffer death to ease your grace of that griefe which you haue of me beeing your naturall sonne and liegeman and to that ende I haue this day made my selfe readie by coÌ„fession and receyuing of the SacrameÌ„t and therfore I beseeche you moste redoubted Lorde and deare father for the honour of God to ease your heart of all such suspition as you haue of me and to dispatche me here before your knees with this same dagger and withall hee deliuered vnto the king his dagger in all humble reuerence adding further that his life was not so deare to him that hee wished to liue one daye with his displeasure and therefore sayth he in thus ridding me out of life and your selfe from all suspition here in presence of these Lordes and before God at the day of the generall iudgement I faythfully protest clearly to forgiue you The kings wordes to the 〈◊〉 his son The king moued herewith cast from him the dagger and embracing the Prince kyssed hym and with shedding teares confessed that in deede he had him partly in suspition though now 〈◊〉 perceyued not with iust cause and therefore from thenceforth no misreport shuld cause him to haue him in mistrust this he promised of his honâ—… So by his greate wisedome was the wrongfull suspition whiche his father had conceyued against him remoued and hee restored to hys fanâ—…er And further Eyâ—… where he coulde not but grieuouslye complayne of them that hadde slaundered hym so greatly to the defacing not onely of his honor but also putting him in daunger of his life The pelâ—… quest to hâ—… his accuseâ—… answeâ—… this wrongful â—…ders he huÌ„bly besought the King that they myght answere theyr vniuste accusation and in case they were founde to haue forged suche matters vpon a malicious purpose that then they myght suffer some punishment for theyr faultes thoughe not to the full of that they had deserued The King seeming to graunt his reasonable desire tolde him yet that he must tarie a Parliament that suche offenders might he punished by iudgement of theyr Peeres And so for that time he was dismissed with great loue and signes of fatherly affection About the same time Iohn PreÌ„dergest knight Sir Iohn PreÌ„dergest reâ—…red to the kings faâ—… sent to 〈◊〉 being restored to the kings fauor with .xxx. ships â—…koured the seas tooke good prises of wine and vitayles which relieued the commons greatly Amongst
was made Gouernour there till the Kyng hadde restored the Citizens to theyr auncient liberties This commotion was begonne for certayne newe exactions whyche the Pryour claymed and tooke of the Citizens Indirect meanes sought to reforme vvrongs contrarye to theyr auncient freedome But thys was not the way to come to their right and therefore they were worthily corrected Whylest the warres ceassed by occasion of the truce An. reg 25. the myndes of men were not so quiet but that such as were bent to malicious reuenge soughte to compasse their prepensed purpose 〈◊〉 agaynst forreyn foes and enemies of their countrey but againste their owne countrey menne and those that hadde deserued verye well of the common wealthe and this specially for lacke of stoutnesse in the Kyng who by his authoritie myghte haue ruled bothe partes The descriâ—… of Kyng Henry the â—…e and ordered all differences betwixte them as might haue stande wyth Reason but where as hee was of suche pacience and integritie of lyfe as nothing seemed to hym woorthie to be regarded but that apperteyned vnto Heauenly matters and health of hys soule the sauyng whereof hee esteemed to bee the greatest wysedome and the losse therof the extremest folly that might be The Queene contrary wyse was a woman of a greate witte and no lesse courage Description of the Queene desyrous of honoure and furnyshed wyth the giftes of reason policye and wysedome but yet to shew hir selfe not altogether a man but in some one poynte a verie woman oftentymes when she was vehemente and fully bente on a matter she was sodeynly lyke a Weathercocke mutable and tournyng Thys woman disdaynyng that hir husband should be ruled rather than rule could not abyde that the Duke of Gloucester shoulde do all thinges concernyng the order of weyghtye affayres least it myghte bee sayde that she had neyther wytte nor stomacke whyche woulde permitte and suffer hir husbande beeyng of perfecte age lyke a young pupill to bee gouerned by the disposition of an other manne Althoughe thys toye entred fyrste into hir brayne thorough hir owne imagination yet was shee pricked forwarde to reforme the matter both by suche of hir husbandes counsell as of long tyme had borne malice to the Duke for his playnenesse vsed in declaryng theyr vntrouth as partely yee haue hearde and also by the aduertisement giuen to hir from Kyng Reygner hir father aduysyng hir that shee and hir husbande shoulde in anye wyse take vppon them the rule and gouernance of the Realme and not to bee kepte vnder as wardes and desolate Orphanes What needeth many wordes The Queene taketh vppon hir the gouernment and dischardgeth the Duke of Gloucester the Queene persuaded by these meanes firste of all excluded the Duke of Gloucester from all rule and gouernaunce not prohibiting suche as shee knewe to bee hys mortall foes to inuente and imagine causes and griefes agaynst hym and hys in so much that by hir procurement diuers noble men coÌ„spired against him of the which diuers writers affirme the Marques of Suffolk and the duke of Buck. to be the chief not vnprocured by y e Cardinall of Winchest the Archbishop of Yorke Dyuers Articles were layde agaynste hym in open counsel and in especially one that he had caused menne adiudged to dye to bee put to other execution than the lawe of the land assigned for surely the duke being very wel learned in the lawe ciuill detesting malefactors punishing offences gat greate malice and hatred of suche as feared condigne rewarde for their wicked dooings Althoughe the duke sufficiently aunswered to all things against him obiected yet bicause his death was determined his wisdome little helped nor his innocencie nothing auailed But to auoyde the daunger of some tumulte that might be reysed if a Prince so well beloued of the people shuld be openly executed they determined to worke their feats and bring him to destruction ere he shuld haue ani knowledge or warning thereof So for the furtherance of their purpose 1447 A parliament 〈◊〉 Edâ—…desbury a parliament was summoned to be kepte at Berry wheather resorted all the peeres of the realme and amongst them the duke of Glocester which on the second day of the session was by the lorde Beaumond then high conestable of England acompanied with the duke of Buckingham and others arrested apprehended and put in warde and all his seruauntes sequestred from him and .xxxij. of the chief of his retinew wer sent to diuers prisons to the greate admiratioÌ„ of the people The duke the night after he was thus committed to prison The Duke of Gloucester soâ—…ly â—…rtheâ—…ed beeing the .xxiiij. of February was founde deade in his bedde and his body shewed to the lordes and commons as though hee had dyed of a palsey or of an impostume but all indifferent persons as saithe Hall well knewe that hee dyed of some violent deathe some iudged him to be strangled some affirme that an hotte spit was put in at his fundement other write that he was smouldered betwene .ij. fetherbeds and some haue affirmed that hee dyed of verye griefe for that he might not come openly to his answere His deade corps was conueied to S. Albons and there buried After his death none of his seruaÌ„ts suffred although â—…ue of them to wit sir Roger ChaÌ„berlain knight Middleâ—…on Herbert Arteise esquiers and Richard NedhaÌ„ gentleman were arreigned condempned and drawen to Tiborne where they were hanged let downe quick striped to haue bin bowelled and quartered but the Marques of Suffolke coÌ„ming at that instant brought their pardons shewed the same openlye and so theyr lyues were saued Dukes of Glocester vnforâ—… Some thinke that the name and title of Gloucester hathe bene vnluckye to diuerse whiche for their honoures haue bene erected by creation of princes to that stile and dignitie as Hughe Spenser Thomas of Woodstocke son to Kyng Edwarde the thirde and this Duke Humfrey Whiche .iij. persons by miserable deathe â—…ished their dayes and after them king Richarde the thirde also Duke of Gloucester in ciuill war was slaine and brought to death so that this name of Gloucester is taken for an vnhappy stile as the prouerbe speaketh of Seians horse whose rider was euer vnhorsed and whose possessor was euer brought to misery But surely by the vnworthy deathe of this noble Duke and politike gouernor the publike wealthe of the Realme of Englande came to greate ruyne as by the sequele of this pamphlet may more at lardge appeare There is an olde said saw that a man intendyng to auoyde the smoke falleth into the fyre So heree the Queene mindyng to preserue hir husbande in honoure and hirselfe in auctority consented to the deathe of this noble man whose only deathe brought that to passe whyche shee hadde moste cause to haue feared whyche was the deposing of hyr husbande the decay of the house of Lancaster whyche of likelyhâ—… hadde not chaunced if this Duke hadde liued for then durste not the
you wyl this day take to you your accustomed corage couragious spirites for the defence and safegard of vs al. And as for me I assure you this day I wil triumph by glorious victorie or suffer death for immortal fame For they be maymed oute of the palace of fame disgraded dying withoute renoune which do not asmuche preferre and exalte the perpetuall honour of theyr natiue countrey as their owne mortall and transitorie lyfe Now sent George to borow let vs set forwarde and remember well that I am hee whiche shall with high aduancementes rewarde and preferre the valiaunt and hardy champions and punishe and torment the shamefull cowards and dreadfull dastardes This exhortation encouraged all such as fauoured him but suche as were presence more for dread than loue kissed them openly whome they inwardlye hated other sware outwardly to take part with such whose death they secretely compassed and inwardly imagined other promised to inuade the Kinges enimies whiche fledde and fought with fierce courage against the King other stande still and looked on inteÌ„ding to take part with the victors and ouercommers So was his people to him vnsure and vnfaithful at his end as he was to his nephewes vntrue and vnnaturall in his beginning When the Earle of Richmond knew by hys forriders that the King was so neere embattayled he rode about his army from ranke to ranke from wing to wing giuing comfortable words to all men and that finished being armed at all peeces sauing his helmette mounted on a little hill so that all his people mighte see and beholde him perfectly to their greate reioycing For hee was a maÌ„ of no great stature but so formed and decorated with all giftes and liniaments of nature that he seemed more an Angelicall creature than a terrestriall personage his countenaunce and aspect was cheerefull and couragious hys heare yellow like the burnished golde hys eyes gray shining and quicke prompte and ready in aunswering but of suche sobrietie that it coulde neuer be iudged whither he were more dull than quicke in speaking such was his temperaunce And when he had ouerlooked his army ouer euery side he pawsed awhile and after with a lowde voyce and bolde spirit spake to his companyons these or like words following The Oration 〈◊〉 King Henâ—… the seueÌ„th If euer God gaue victorie to men fighting in a iust quarrell or if he euer aided suche as made warre for the wealth and tuition of theyr owne naturall and nutritiue Countrey or if hee euer succoured them whiche aduentured their lyues for the reliefe of innocentes suppressing of malefactors and apparante offendors no doubte my fellowes and friendes but hee of his bountifull goodnesse will this day send vs triumphant victorie and a luckie iourney ouer our proude enemies and arrogant aduersaries for if you remeÌ„ber and consider the very cause of our iust quarrell you shall apparantly perceyue the same to be true godly and vertuous In the whiche I doubt not but God will rather ayde vs yea and fight for vs than see vs vanquished and ouerthroweÌ„ by such as neither fear him nor his laws nor yet regard iustice or honestie Our cause is so iust that no enterprise can be of more vertue both by the lawes diuine and ciuill for what can be a more honest goodly or godly quarrell than to fight against a Captaine being an homicyde and murtherer of his owne bloud or progenie an extreame destroyer of his nobilitie and to hys and our Countrey and the poore subiectes of the same a deadly malle a fyrie brand and a burthen vntollerable the besyde him consider who bee of hys band and company such as by murther and vntrueth committed against their owne kinne and linage yea against their Prince and soueraigne Lord haue disherited mee and you and wrongfully deteyne and vsurp our lawfull patrimonie and lyneall inheritance For he that calleth hym selfe King keepeth from me the Crowne and regimente of this noble Realme and Countrey contrarie to all iustice and equitie Likewise hys mates and friendes occupie youre landes cutte downe your woods and destroy your manours letting your wiues and children raunge abroade for theyr liuing which persons for their penance and punishmente I doubt not but God of hys goodnesse will eyther deliuer into our hands as a greate gaine and booty or cause them beeyng greeued and compuncted with the pricke of theyr corrupt consciences cowardly to flie and not abide the battaile beside this I assure you that there be yonder in the great battaile men brought thither for feare and not for loue souldyers by force compelled and not with good will assembled persons which desire rather the destruction than saluation of theyr maister and Captayne And finally a multitude whereof y e most part will be our friends and the least part our enimies For truely I doubt which is greater the malice of the Soldyers toward theyr Captaine or the feare of him conceyued of his people for surely this rule is infallible that as ill men daylye couet to destroy the good so God appointeth the good men to confound the ill and of all worldly goodes the greatest is to suppresse Tyrants and relieue innocents whereof the one is as much hated as the other is beloued If thys be true as Clearkes Preache who will spare yonder Tyrant Richarde Duke of Gloucester vntruely calling himselfe King considering that hee hath violated and broken both the lawe of God and man what vertue is in him whyche was the confusion of his brother and murtherer of his nephewes what mercy is in him that â—…eâ—…eth his trustie friends as well as his extreame enimies Who can haue confidence in hym whâ—…che putteth diffidence in all menne If you â—…e not red I haue heard of Clearkes say y t Tarquine the proude for the vice of the body lost the Kingdome of Rome and the name of Tarquine banished the Citie for euer yet was not hys faulte so detestable as the facte of cruell Nero whiche slewe his owne mother and opened hyr entrayles to beholde the place of his conception Behold yoÌ„der Richard which is both Tarquine and Nero Yea a Tyrant more than Nero for he hath not only murthered his nephewe beeyng his King and soueraigne Lorde bastarded hys noble breethren and defamed the wombe of hys vertuous and womanly mother but also compassed all the meanes and wayes that he coulde inuent howe to defile and carnally knowe hys owne neece vnder the pretence of a cloked matrimonie whiche Lady I haue sworne and promised to take to my make and wife as you all knowe and beleeue If this cause be not iust and this quarrell godly let God the giuer of victory iudge and determine We haue thankes bee gyuen to Christ escaped the secret treasons in Britaine and auoyded the subtill snares of our fraudulent enimies there passed the troublous Seas in good and quiet safegard and without resistaÌ„ce haue penetrate the ample region and large couÌ„trey of Wales and are now come to
Dorset was comming towardes his Maiestie to excuse himselfe of thinges that hee was suspected to haue doone when he was in Fraunce hee sente the Earle of Oxford to arrest the sayde Marques by the way and to conueye hym to the Tower of London there to remayne till his truthe might be tryed From thence the King wente foorth to Norwiche 1487 and tarying there Christmasse daye departed after to Walsingham where he offereed to the Image of our Ladye and then by Cambridge he shortly retourned to London Martin Svvard a valiant capitaine of the Almaines In this meane tyme the Earle of Lincolne had gotten togyther by the ayd of the lady Margaret about .ij. M. Almayns with one Martine Swarde a noble capitaine to leade them With this power the Erle of Lincolne sayled into Ireland and at the citie of Diuelyn caused young Lambert to be proclaymed and named kyng of Englande after the moste solemne fashion as though he were the verie heire of the bloud royal lineally borne and descended And so with a greate multitude of beggerly Irishmenne almoste all naked and vnarmed sauyng skaynes and mantelles The counterset arle of VVarvvicke vvith all his adhereÌ„ts â—…andeth in Englande of whome the Lorde Thomas Gerardine was Capitayn and conductour they sayled into Englande wyth thys newe founde kyng and landed for a purpose at the pyle of Fowdreye wythin a little of Lancaster trustyng there to fynde ayde by the meanes of sir Thomas Broughton one of the chiefe companyons of the conspiracie The Kyng hadde knowledge of the enimies intente before theyr arriuall and therefore hauyng assembled a greate Armye ouer the whyche the Duke of Bedforde and the Earle of Oxforde were chiefe Capitayne hee 〈◊〉 to Couentrye where hee was aduertised theâ—… the Earle of Lincolne was landed at Lancaster with his newe kyng Here he tooke aduice of his counsellors what was best to be doone whether to for team the â—…myes wythoute further delaye or to 〈◊〉 tyme a whyle but at length it was thoughte beste to delaye no tyme but to gyue them battayle before they shoulde encrease theâ—… power and therevppon hee remoued to Nodynghame and there by a little woodde called Bâ—…wres heâ—… pitched hys fielde vnto whome shortely came the Lorde George Talbot Earle of Shreâ—…esburye the Lorde Straunge Sir Iohn Cheynye ryght valyaunt Capitaynes with 〈◊〉 other noble and experte menne of warre namely of the countreyes neere adioyning so that the Kynges armie was wonderfully increase In this space the Earle of Lincolne beeyng entred into Yorkeshyre passed safelly on hys iourney withoute spoyling or hurting of anye manne trustyng thereby to haue some companye of people resorte vnto hym but after hee perceyued fewe or none to followe hym and that it was too late nowe to retourne backe he determyned to try the matter by dynt of sword and heere vppon directed hys waye from Yorke to Newarke vppon Trente but before he came there Kyng Henrye knowing all hys enemies purposes came the nighte before the day of the battayle to Newark and tarrying there a little went three myles further and pitching hir field lodged there that night The Earle of Lincolne certified of his comming was nothing abashed but kepte still on his iourney and at a little village called Stole night to the Kyng and his armye sette downe his rampe The nexte daye the King deuided his whole power into three battayls The armyes ioyne and after in good array approched nygh to the towne of Stoke Thus they foughte for a space so sore and so egrely on both partes that no manne coulde well iudge to whome the victorie was lyke to enclyne But at lengthe the Kings fore warde beyng full of people and well fortifyed wyth winges whiche only both began and continued the fight set vpon the aduersaries with such force and violence that first they oppressed and killed such capitaynes one by one as resisted their mighte and puissaunce And after that put all the other to flyghte the whiche were eyther apprehended as Prisoners in their running away or els slayne and broughte vnto confusyon in a small momente But when thys battayle was ended and fought out to the extremitie then it wel appered what hyghe prowes what manfull stomackes what hardie and couragious heartes rested in the kings aduersaries All the capiâ—…s fayne For there the chiefe captaines the Earle of Lincolne and the Lorde Louell Sir Thomas Broughton Martine Swarde and the Lorde Gerardine capitain of the Irishmen were slaine and found dead in the verie places whiche they hadde chosen alyue to fighte in not giuing one foote of grounde to theyr aduersaries Howbeit some affirme that the lord Louell tooke his horsse and would haue fledde ouer Trente but was not able to recouer the further side for the highnesse of the banke and so was drowned in the ryuer There were killed at that battaile with theyr fiue captains before rehersed of that parfie about foure thousand Of the kings part there wer not half of them which fought in the fore warde and gaue the onset slayne or hurt Then was Lambert the youngling Lambert and his maister Symonde taken whiche was falsly reported to be the sonne of the duke of Claâ—…nce and his maister sir Richard Symond Priest both taken but neyther of them put to death bycause that Lambert was but an innocent and of yeares insufficient of hymselfe to doe any such enterprise and the other was pardoned of lyfe bycause hee was a priest and annoynted man but yet was committed to perpetuall pryson Lamberte was at lengthe made one of the kings Faulconers after that he had bin a turnebroache for a space in the kings kitchen This battayle was soughte on a Saterdaye beyng the sixteenth day of Iune in thys second yeare of this kings reygne In whiche yeare also dyed Thomas Bourchier Archebishoppe of Canterburye and Iohn Moorton Bishoppe of Elye Morton Byshop of Elye made Archebishop of Canterbury chauncellour of Englande a manne of excellente learnyng vertue and policie succeeded in his place whome Alexander Pope of Rome the sixte of that name created a Cardinall and the Kyng created hym hygh Chauncellour of England After that the King had got the vpper hand of his enimies hee remoued to Lincolne and there carryed three dayes causyng euery of the same dayes solemne processions to bee made in rendryng thankes to GOD for his fortunate victorye Then caused he execution to be done of suche rebels and traytors Thankesgiuing to God after victorie as were taken in the field either at the battaile or in the chase And shortely after he went into Yorkshire and there coasted the countrey ouerthware searching out suche as had ayded his enimies and were thought to bee seditions persons whome be punished some by imprisonmeÌ„t some by fines and some by death according to the qua litie of their offences and as was thought most expedient An. reg 3. About the middest of August entring into the the
into fauour againe Neuerthelesse ther were greate presumptions that it was nothing so for both was he in great daunger after his begunne attempt and neuer was so much esteemed with the K. afterward as he was before But thys is true vpon his cōming to the kings presence hee besought him of pardon and obteyned it therewith opened all the maner of the conspiracie so far as he knewe and who were aiders fantors and chief beginners of it Sir William Stanley a fauourer of Perkin amongst whome hee accused sir Wil. Stanley whom y e K. had made his chiefe Chamberlaine and one of hys priuie counsell The K. was sorie to heare this could not be enduced to belieue that there was so much vntroth in him til by euident prooues it was tried against him Then the K. caused him to be restreined from his libertie in his owne chamber within the quadrate tower and there appoynted him by his priuie counsaile to bee examined in which examinatiō he nothing denyed but wisely and sagely agreed to all things layde to hys charge if hee were therein faultie and culpable The report is that this was his offence When communication was had betwixt him and the aboue mentioned sir Robert Clifford as concerning Perkyn which falsely vsurped the name of K. Edwardes son Sir Wil. Stanley said that if he knew certainely that the yōg man was the indubitate heire of K. Edwarde the fourthe hee would neuer fight nor beare armor against him This point argued that hee bare no hartie good wil toward K. Henry as then but what was the cause that he had cōceyued some inward grudge towards y e king or how it chanced that the K. had withdrawen his speciall fauour from hym many haue doubted Some indeede haue gessed that sir Wil. Stanley for the seruice whiche hee shewed at Bosworth field thought that al y e benefites which he receyued of the K. to be far vnder that which he had deserued in preseruing not only the kings life but also in obteyning for him the victorie of his enimies so that his aduersarie was slaine in the fielde and therefore desiring to be created Earle of Chester and thereof denyed he began to disdeine the K. and one thing encouraged him much which was the riches treasure of K. Richard which he only possessed at y e battaile of Bosworth by reason of which riches and greate power of men he set naught by the king his soueraigne Lord and maister The king hauing thus an hole in his coate doubted first what hee should doe with him for loth hee was to lose the fauour of his brother the Erle of Derby and againe to pardon him he feared least it should be an euil example to other that should goe about to attempt the like offence and so at lēgth seueritie gote the vpper hand and mercy was put backe in so much that he was arraigned at Westminster and adiudged to die 1495 Sir William Stanley beheaded and according to that iudgement was brought to the Tower hill the sixteenth day of February and there had his head striken off Aboute the same time diuers were punished also that had vpon a presumptuous boldnes spoken many slaunderous words against the kings maiestie hoping still for the arriuall of the feygned Richard Duke of Yorke After the deathe of sir Wil. Stanley An. reg 11. Gyles L. Daubeney was elected and made the kings chiefe Chamberlaine Also the K. sent into Ireland to purge out the euill and wicked seedes of Rebellion amongst the wild and sauage Irishe people sowed there by the craftie conueyance of Perkin Warbecke sir Henry Deane late Abbot of Langtonie whom he made chancellor of that Isle and sir Edward Poinings knight with an army of men The fauourers of Perkin hearing that sir Edwarde Poynings was come with a power to persecute them withdrewe straighte-wayes and fled into the woods marishes for the safegard of themselues Sir Edwarde Poinings sente into Irelande with an army Sir Edwarde Poynings according to his commission intending to punishe suche as had aided and aduanced the enterprise of Perkin with his whole army marched forward against the wild Irishmē bycause that all other being culpable of that offence fled and resorted to them for succour But when hee saw that his purpose succeeded not as he would haue wished it both bycause the Irishe Lordes sent him no succour according to their promises and also for that his owne number was not sufficient to furnish his enterprise bycause his enimies were dispersed amongst woddes Mountaines and marishes Gerald Earle of Kildare deputy of Ireland apprehended hee was constreined to recule backe sore displeased in his minde agaynste Geralde Earle of Kildare being then the Kings deputie whome he suspected to bee the cause that he had no succours sent him was so enformed indede by such as bare to y e erle no good wil. And therfore suddainely he caused y e erle to be apprehended as a prisoner brought him in his company into Englande Whiche earle being examined sundry points of treason laid to him he so auoided thē all and laid the burthen in other mens neckes that he was dismissed and sente into Ireland againe there to be deputie lieutenant as he was before The King being now in some better suretie of his estate did take his progresse into Lancashire the .25 day of Iune there to make merrie with his mother the Coūtesse of Derby whiche then laye at Lathome in that Countrey In this meane while Perkin Warbeck being in Flanders sore troubled that his iuggling was discouered yet he determined not to leaue of his enterprise in hope at lengthe to attayne the crowne of England and so gathering a power of al nations some banquerouts some false English sainctuarie men some theeues robbers and vacabunds whyche desiring to liue by rapine wer glad to serue him And thus furnished tooke such ships as his frendes had prouided for him departing frō Flanders towards England ariued vpon y e Kētish coast Perk◅◅tēp◅th to land to Kent there cast anker purposing to proue how y e people there were affected towards him therfore he sent certayne of his men to lande to signify to the Countrey his ariual with suche a power that the victorie muste needs encline to his part The Kentishmen vnderstanding y e Perkyn was but Perkin and had none with him to make accompt of but strangers borne like faithful subiects determine to fal vpon those that were thus newe come to lande eke to trie if they myght allure y e whole number out of their shippes so to giue them battaile But Perkyn wisely considering y t the maner of a multitude is not to consult sagely to aduyse with themselues in any deliberate sorte but soddeynly rashly to run headlong into Rebellion would not set one foote out of his ship till he saw al things sure Yet he permitted some of his souldiors to
artillerie to be shot off at the Rebelles and herewith Captaine Drurie with his owne bande and the Almaines or Lansqueners whether ye lyst to call them on foote getting neare to the enimies hailled them with their Harquebuse shot so sharpely and thrust forwarde vpon them with their Pykes so strongly that they brake them in sunder The Gentlemen whome as we haue sayde being placed in the foreranke founde meanes as good happe was to shrinke a side and escaped the danger for the more part although some in deed were slaine by the Almaines and other that knew not what they were The light horsemen of the Kings part herewith gaue in amongst them so roundly that the Rebels not able to abide theyr valiaunt charge were easily put to flight and with the formoste theyr grand Captaine Robert Ket galloped away so fast as his horse woulde beare him The horsemen following in chase slue them downe on heapes euer still as they ouertooke them so that the chase continuing for the space of three or four myles â—…mber â—…e rebels 〈◊〉 there were slaine to the number of three thousande fiue hundred at the least beside a great multitude that were wounded as they fled here and there eche way forth as seemed best to serue theyr turne for theyr most speedie escape oute of daunger yet one part of them that had not bene assayled at the first onset seeing suche slaughter made of theyr felowes kept theyr ground by their ordinance and shranke not determining as men desperately bent not to die vnreuenged but to fight it out to the last man They were so enclosed with theyr Cartes cariages trenches which they had cast and stakes pitched in the grounde to keepe off the force of horsemen that it woulde haue beene somewhat daungerous to haue assayled them within their strength but sure they were y t now they could not escape seeing no small part of their whole numbers were cut off and distressed and they enuironed on eche side without hope of succour or reliefe of vittayles which in the end must needes haue forced them to come forth of their inclosure to their vndoubted ouerthrow and destruction The Earle of Warwike yet pitying theyr case and lothe that the king shoulde lose so many stowt mens bodies as were there amongst them which might do his Maiestie and their countrey good seruice if they coulde be reclaymed from this their desperate folly vnto due obedience sendeth Norrey vnto them 〈◊〉 eftâ—… offred offring them pardon of life if they would throw downe their weapons and yeeld if not he threatned that there shoulde not a man of them escape the deserued punishment Their answere was that if they might be assured to haue their liues saued they coulde bee contented to yeeld but they could haue no trust that promise should be kept with them for notwithstanding all such fayre offers of pardon they tooke it that there was nothing ment but a subtile practise to bring them into the handes of their aduersaries the Gentlemen that had prepared a barell of ropes and halters with which they purposed to trusse them vp and therefore they woulde rather die lyke men than to be strangled at the wylles and pleasures of their mortal enimies The Erle of Warwicke right sorie to see suche desperate myndes among them sent to the Citie and caused the moste part of the footemen which hee had left there to defende the same to come forth nowe in battaile array that they myght helpe to destresse those wilfull Rebels that thus obstinately refused the kings pardon and hauing brought as well them as the Almaines and the horsemen in order of battaile againe and readie now to sette vpon the Rebels Pardon once againe offred he eftsoones sendeth to them to knowe that if he should come himselfe and gyue his worde that they shoulde haue their pardon whether they would receyue it or not Herevnto they answered that they had such confidence in his honour that if he woulde so doe they woulde giue credite thereto and submit themselues to the kings mercie Incontinently wherevpon he goeth to them They yeeld to the Earle of Warwike and commaundeth Norrey to read the Kings pardon freely graunted to all that would yeelde which being read euery man throweth down his weapon and with one whole and entier boyce crie God saue king Edward God saue king Edward And thus through the prudent policie and fauourable mercie of the Earle of Warwike a great number of those offenders were preserued from the gates of death into the which they were readie to enter Thus were the Norffolke Rebels subdued by the high prowes wisedome and policie of the valiant Erle of Warwike and other the Nobles gentlemen and faithful subiects there in the kings army but not without losse of diuerse personages of great worship beside other of the meaner sort namely maister Henrie Willoughby Esquier a man so welbeloued in his Countrey for his liberalitie in housekeeping great curtesie vpryght dealing assured stedfastnesse in friendship and modest stayednesse in behauiour that the Countreys where his liuings lay lament the losse of so worthie a gentleman euen to this day There dyed also _____ Lucie Esquier _____ Forster Esquier and _____ Throckmerton of Northamtonshire men of no small credite and worship in their Countreys The battaile being thus ended all the spoyle gotten in the fielde was giuen to y e souldiers who solde the most part thereof openly in the Market place of Norwich The nexte day the Erle of Warwyke was aduertised that Ket being crept into a barne was taken by two seruants of one maister Richesse of Swanington and brought to the house of the same Rychesse Herevpon were twentie horses men sent thither to fetch him who brought him to Norwich This also is not to be forgotten that when information was gyuen agaynst some of the rebelles for that they had beene busie fellowes and great doers in tyme of those vprores so as it was thought of some that it stoode with good reason to haue them punished by death when the Earle of Warwike vnderstoode by credible report of Norrey King of Armes that vppon the offer of the kings pardon they were the first that threw down their weapons and submitted themselues to the Kings mercie the Earle woulde not in any wise consent that they shoulde dye but protested frankely that hee woulde keepe promise wyth them and that he woulde bee as good to them as his worde and so they had their lyues saued The same day was order gyuen by the Erle that the bodyes of them that were slaine in the field should be buried The slain 〈◊〉 casles buried On the Morrow being the .xxix. of August the Earle of Warwike with the Nobles and Gentlemen of the Armie and others in greate numbers both men and women went to Saint Peters Churche and there gaue prayses and thankes to God for the victorie obteyned and this done hee with all the armie departed oute of the
from a King to a Ket to submit your selues to Traytours and breake your faith to your true King and Lordes They rule but by lawe if otherwise the Lawe the Counsaile the King taketh away theyr rule Ye haue orderly sought no redresse but yee haue in tyme founde it In Countreys some must rule some muste obey euerie man may not beare lyke stroke for euerie man is not like wise And they that haue seene most and be best able to beare it and of lust dealing byside be most 〈◊〉 rule It is an other matter to vnderstande a mans owne griefe and to 〈…〉 wealthes sore and therefore not they that knowe 〈…〉 ease an euery 〈◊〉 doth but they that vnderstand the common wealthes state ought to haue in Countreys the preferment of ruling If ye felt the paine that is ioyned with gouernours as yee see and like the honour ye would not hurt others to rule them but rather take great paine to be ruled of them If ye 〈…〉 of the Kings Maiestie committed vnto you it were wel done ye had ruled the Gentlemen but now ye haue it not and cannot beare their rule it is to thinke the Kings Maiestie â—…lish and vniust that hath giuen certaine rule to them And seeing by the scripture ye ought not to speake euill of any Magistrate of the people why do ye not only speake euil of them whom the kings Maiestie hath put in office but also iudge euill of the king himselfe and thus sediciously in field stand with your 〈…〉 against him If riches offende you bycause ye â—…ould haue the like then thinke that to be no common welth but enuie to the common wealth Cnute it is to appayre another mans estate without the amendment of your owne And to bare an Gentlemen bycause ye be none your selues is to bring downe an estate and to mende none Woulde ye haue all alike riche That is the ouerthrow of labour and vtter decay of worke in this Realme For who will labour more if when he hath gotten more the ydle shall by lust without right take what him lust from him vnder pretence of equalitie wyth hym This is the bringing in of ydlenesse whiche destroyeth the common wealth and not the amendment of labour that mainteyneth the common wealth If there shoulde be such equalitie then ye take awaye all hope away from yours to come to any better estate than you nowe leaue them And as manye meane mennes children commeth honestlye vp and is great succour to all theyr stocke so shoulde none bee hereafter holpen by you but bycause yee seeke equalitie whereby all can not bee riche ye woulde that belyke whereby euerye man shoulde be poore And thinke besyde that riches and inheritaunce be Gods prouidence and gyuen to whome of his wisedome hee thinketh good To the honest for the encrease of theyr godlinesse to the wicked for the heaping 〈◊〉 of theyr damnation to the simple for a recompence of other lackes to the wise for the greater setting out of gods goodnesse Why will your wisedome now stop Gods wisedome and prouide by youre lawes that God shall not enrich them whom he hath by prouidence appointed as him like the God hath made the poore and both made them to bee poore that be might shew his might and set them aloft when he listeth for such cause as to him seemeth and plucke 〈◊〉 the rich to this state of pouertie his paines as he dispâ—…seth to order theâ—… â–ª 〈…〉 and cast all your 〈◊〉 on him for he careth for you He teacheth the waye to all good things at Gods band is to be humble and you exalt your selues Ye seeke things after such a sort as if the seruant should anger his maister when he seeketh to haue a good turne on him Ye woulde haue ryches I thinke at Gods hande who giueth all riches and yet yee take the waye cleane contrarie to riches Knowe ye not that he that exalteth himselfe God will throwe him downe Howe can yee get it then by thus setting out your selues Ye shoulde submit ye by humilitie one to another and ye set vp your selues by arrogancie aboue the Magistrates See herein howe much ye offende God Remember ye not that if ye come nigh to god he will come nigh vnto you If then ye goe from God he will go from you Doth not the Psalm say he is holy with the holy and with the wicked man he is frowarde Euen as he is ordered of men he will order them againe If ye woulde follow his will and obey his commaundements ye should eate the fruites of the earth sayth the Prophet if not the sworde shall deuour you Yee might haue eaten the fruites of this seasonable yeare if yee had not by the obedience rebelled against God Now not onely ye cannot ease that which yourselues did first how by 〈◊〉 and â—â—â— destroy by seditioÌ„ but also if the kings Maiesties sworde came not against you as iust policie requireth yet she iust vengeaunce of God woulde light among you as his worde promiseth and your cruell wickednesse deserueth For what soeuer the causes bee that haue moued your wilde affections herein as they bee vniust causes and increase your faults much the thing it selfe the rysing I meane 〈…〉 wicked and horrible afore God and the vsurping of authoritie and taking in hand of rule which is the sitting in Gods seate of iustice and prouede clyming vp into Gods high throne must needes be not onely cursed newâ—â— by him but also hath beene often punished afore of him And that which is done to Gods officer God accounteth it done to him For they despise not the Minister as he sayth himselfe but they despise him and that presumption of chalenging Gods seat doth shew you to haue beene Lucifers and sheweth vs that God will punish you like Lucifers Wherefore rightly looke as ye duely haue deserued either for great vengeance for your abhominable transgression or else earnestly repent with vnfeyned mindes your wicked doings and either wyth example of death bee content to dehorte other or else by faythfulnesse of obedience declare howe great a seruice it is to God to obey your Magistrates faythfully and to serue in subiection truly Well if ye had not thus grieuously offended God whome ye ought to worship what can ye reasonably thinke it to be no fault agaynst the king whome ye ought to reuerence Ye be bound by Gods worde to obey your King and is it no breake of duetie to withstand your King If the seruaunt be bounde to obey his maister in the family is not the subiect bound to serue the King in his Realme The childe is bounde to the priuate father be we not all bound to the common wealthes father If we ought to be subiect to the King for Gods cause ought we not then I pray you to be faythfully subiect to the king If wee ought dutifully to shew all obedience to heathen kings shall we not willingly and truly be subiect to Christian
honestie that they woulde neither willinglye offend Gods Lawe nor disobey mans But and ye were so muche bleared that you did thinke impossible things and your reason gaue ye agaynst all reason that ye neyther displeased God herein nor offended the king yet be ye so blynde that ye understande not youre owne case nor yâ—… neighbors myserie nor the vaine of the â—…ote common wealth whyche doth 〈◊〉 folowe your so fowle and beteâ—â—â— sedition Doe yee not see howe for the mayntenaunce of these vngodly raâ—…sementes not only Cities and Villages but also Shires and Countreys be vtterly destroyed Is not their corne wasted their cattell set away their houses ryfled their goodes spoyled and all to feede youre vprisyng withoute reason and to maynteyn this tumult of rebellion inuented of the Deuill continued by you and to be ouerthrowne by the power of Gods mightie hand And why should not so hurtfull wastyng and hartying of countreys be iustly punished with greate seueritie seing robbing of houses and taking of purses do by lawe deserue the extremitie of death How many suffer iniurie when one hundred of a Shire is spoyled and what iniurie thinke ye is done when not only whole Shires be destroyed but also euery quarter of the realme touched Haue ye not brought vpon vs al pouertie weaknesse and hatred within the realme and discourage shame and damage without the realme If ye miserably entended not only to vndoe other but also to destroye your selues and to ouerthrow the whole realme coulde ye haue taken a readier way to your owne ruine that this is And first if ye be any thyng reasonable lifte vp your reason and way by wisedome if not al things yet your owne cases and lerne in the beginning of matters to foresee the end and so iudge aduisedly or ye enter into any thing hastily See ye not this yeare the losse of haruest And think ye ye can grow to wealth that yere wheÌ„ ye lose your thrife profit Barnes be poore mens storehouses wherin lieth a great part of euery mans owne liuing his wiues his childrens liuing where with men maynteyne their families pay their reÌ„ts and therfore be always thought most rich when they haue best croppes And how when ther is neyther plentie of haye nor sufficient of straw nor corne inough and that through the greate disorder of your wicked rebellion can ye thynke ye to do well when ye vndoe your selues and iudge it a common wealthe when the commons is destroyed and seeke your happe by vnhappinesse and esteeme your owne losse to be your owne forwardnes and by this iudgement shewe your selues how little yee vnderstande other mennes matters when ye can scarcely consider the waightiest of your owne Hath not the haye this yeare as it rose fro the ground so rotted to the grounde again and where it was wont by mens seasonable labor to be taken in due time and then serue for the maintenance of horse and cattell wherewith we liue nowe by youre disordered mischiefe hath bene by mens idlenesse and vndutifulnesse lette alone vnâ—…duched and so neither serueth the poore to make money of nor any cattell to liue with The corne was sowne with labour and the grounde â—…illed for it wyth labour and looked to be brought home againe with labour and for lacke of honest labourers is lost on the ground the owners being loyterers and seeking other mennes haue lost their owne and hoping for mountains lucked their present thrift neither obteining y t they sought nor seeking that they oughte And howe shall men liue when the maintenance of their prouision is seeking For laboring and their olde store is waâ—…ed by wildnes of sedition and so neyther 〈◊〉 are the olde nor saue the newe Howe can men be fedde then or beastes fiue when as there wastefull negligence is my steady vsed and myspending the tyme of their profite in shameful disorder of inobedience they care not treatly what becomes of their owne bicause they intend to liue by other mens Hay is gon corne is wasted strawe is spoyled what reâ—…keâ—…sing of Haruest can ye make eyther for the ayde of others or for the reliefe of your selues And thus haue ye brought in one kinde of miserie which if ye sawe before as ye be lyke to feele after although ye had hated the common welth yet for loue of your selues ye wold haue auoyde the great enormitie thereof into the which ye wilfully now haue call in your selues An other no lesse is that such plentie of victuall as was abundantly in euery quarter for the reliefe of vs all is nowe all wallfull and vnthrifefully spente in mayntening you vnlawfull rebelles and so with disorder all is consumed whiche with good husbandrye mighte long haue endured For so much as wold haue serued a whole yeare at home with diligente and skilfull heed of husbandrie that is willfully wasted in a moneth in the campe thorough the rauening spoyle of vâ—â—anie For what is vnordred plentie but a wastfull spoyle whereof the inconuenient is so great as ye be worthy to feele and dringeth in more hardnesse of liuing greater dearth of all thing and occasioneth manye causes of diseases The price of things must needes encreace muche when the number of thinges waxeth lesse and by â—â—firie be enhaunted and compesseth men to abate their liberalitie in house bothe to their owne also to strangers And where the riche 〈…〉 can the poore fynd who in a coÌ„mon fearcitie liueth most scarcely and â—…leth quickâ—… yâ—â— the â—â—esse of 〈◊〉 what euery man for aches 〈◊〉 whiche if ye had well 〈◊〉 before as ye nowe maye after 〈◊〉 ye would 〈◊〉 I think so 〈◊〉 〈…〉 and one 〈◊〉 youre selfe in the storme of 〈◊〉 whereof ye most lykely 〈◊〉 haue the greatest parte whyche moste stubburnly resisted to your owne shame 〈…〉 Experience 〈…〉 〈◊〉 great death commeth a greate death for that when we ye in great by â—â—â— of â—â— at â—…ate muche 〈◊〉 they 〈◊〉 them bodies wyth â—…ll humors and cast them from their state of welth into a subiection of sicknesse bycause the good blend in the body is not able to keepe his 〈◊〉 for the multitude of the yll humours that 〈◊〉 the same And so growe greate and deadly plagues and destroye greate numbers of all 〈◊〉 sparing no kynde that they lyght â—â— nepthemerâ—…hecting the poore with mercy 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 with fauour Can ye therfore thinke herein when ye see decay of victuals the riche pinche the poore famishe the following â—â— diâ—…eases the greatnesse of death the mourning of 〈◊〉 the pitifulnesse of the fâ—…the theâ—â— loud all this myserie to come thorowe your vnnaturall misbehauior that ye haue not dangerouslye hurte the commons of your countrey with an 〈◊〉 and an vncurable wound These thinges being once felt in the common wealth as they must needes be euery man seeth by and by 〈◊〉 followeth a greate diminishments of the strength of the Realme when the due number that the realme dothe maynteyne comodelesse
Boucher Iohn redemed 1426.15 Bonnehomme Monkes order first seene and established in England 782.5 Boseham 277.100 Bourne doctor afterward Byshop of Bath is almost slaine as he preacheth 1721.40 Britaine Prouince lost and the tribute ceaseth 101.74 Britaines make slaughter of the Scots and Pictes 101.88 Britaine without any certaine gouernour 102.45 Britaines land into France for sound preachers against Pelagius heresie 119.50 Britaines receiue the grace of God offered in Baptisme 120.31 Britaine deliuered from Pelagius heresie 119.78 and 121.47 Britaines assist Aurelius Ambrose and Vter Pendragon agaynst Vortigernus 122.22 Britaines ouerthrowen by the Saxons at Dyorth 142.111 Britaines ouerthrowen by the Saxons at Fechanley 143.21 Britaine deuided into .vii. or 8. or .9 kingdoms 143.66 Britaines weakened through ciuil dissention 143.93 Britaines constrained to withdrawe into Wales 143.98 Britaine destroyed by Gurmund pitifully 144.27 Britaine deliuered wholy in possession to the Saxons 144.29 Britaine called by the name of Hengistland or England 144.33 Britaines driuen to keepe the possession of three prouinces in Britaine only 145.10 Britaines flie in Armorike Britaine to seeke dwellings 145.34 Britaines gouerned by three kings or tyrantes 145.46 Berennus and his Norwegians put to flight by Guilthdarus kyng of Denmarke 24.2 Brennus and his Norwegians arriuing in Albania are discomfited by Belinus 24.32 Berennus fleeth into Fraunce for succour 24.34 Berennus marrieth the prince of Allobroges Seguinus daughter 25.33 Berennus returneth with an armie into Britaine 25.52 Berennus and Belinus made freendes by intercession of their mother 52.60 Berennus and Belinus passing the seas togeather coquer a great part of Gallia Italy and Germany 25.72 Britaines fall into ciuile discord for the gouernment 75 115. Britaines conspire and rebel agaynst the Romanes 76.29 Britaines eftsoones rebell against the Romanes 76.55 Britaines beyond Adrians wal breake through and slay the Romanes 76.84 Britaines prepare to resist Iulius Cesar 35.27 Britaines readie to defend their countrey 35.80 Britaines put to flight by the Romanes 36.78 Britaines send Ambassadours vnto Cesar for peace 36.86 Britaines deliuer Hostagies vnto Cesar 37.17 Britaines ouerthrowne chased by the Romanes 38.50 Britaines sue the seconde time to Cesar for peace 38.56 British historie called also the new historie 38.72 British youth led foorth of the realme by Maximianus 95.67 British youth after the death of Maximianus withdraweth into Armorica 97.17 97.84 British souldiers of great puissaunce 97.26 99.37 British youth led foorth by sundry ouer the seas 99.31 Britaines send to Rome for aid against the Scots and Pictes 100.2 Britaines chased out of Kent by the Saxons 126.6 Britaines ouerthrowne by the Saxons in Kent 126.26 Britaines fall together by the eares among themselues 126.39 Britaines repulsed by Cerdicus and his people 126.112 Britaines vnder Nathaliod discomfited by the Saxons 127.84 British horsemen put to flyght by the Romane horsemen 40.99 Britaines what they call a towne 42.81 Britaines made tributaries to the Romanes 43.1 Britaines ouerthrowne by the Romanes in a vasley neere Cantorburie 43.83 Britaines at the second time of the Romanes comming refuse the Scottish mens ayde and are vanquished 44.66 Britaine deuided into sundrye estates 44.110 Britaines refuse to pay their couenanted tribute to Augustus Cesar 46.33 Britaines send Ambassadours to Augustus Cesar for peace 46.63 British Princes offer presentes in the Capitoll to y e Romane Gods 47.21 Britaines refuse to pay tribute to the Romanes and make open rebellion against them 47.55 Britaine afflicted by inuasion of barbarous nations 107.65 Britaine likely to be vtterly vanquished by the Scottes and Pictes 111.35 Britaines come against Cenwalch King of West Saxons with an army 176.74 Brute deuideth Britaine betweene his three sonnes 16.35 Britaine receyueth the fayth of Christ .75.1 Britaine the first of all other regions that openly receyueth the Gospell 75.28 Britaines expert in Magike 2.106 Britaines conspire to chase the Romanes out of the countrey 82.4 Bretaimous in Henaud held by Britaines 87.99 Britaine tasteth of Dioclesians crueltie against Christians 87.113 Britaines placed in a parte of Fraunce by Constantinus 92.65 Britaine numbred among the Prouinces that sent to the Sinode of Sardica 94.44 Britaine in Fraunce subdued by Maximianus 95.68 Britaine in Fraunce to hold of the greater Britaine and of the Kings thereof for euer 95.72 Britaines refuse to marry with the maydens of Fraunce 95.84 95.84 Britaines imitate the Romane pleasures and delicacies 69.67 Britaines which inhabite about Calender Wood set vppon the Romanes and are vanquished 70.65 Britaines gather a new power and receiue a great ouerthrowe at the Romanes handes 71.46 Brentford battayle fought by the Englishmen against the Danes 255.7 Brightrick succedeth Kenelwoulf in the kingdome of West Saxons 199.72 Brightrick departeth this life 200.39 Brightrick poysoned as some suppose 200.42 Britaines oppressed by y e Scots and Pictes 96.60 97.20 British and Celtike language all one 4.93 Brightrick King of West Saxons marryeth Ethelburga daughter to Offa. 195.32 Britaine left desolate for lacke of vittaile 183.72 British commons twice vanquished by the Nobilitie 101.21 Britaines disdaine to giue their daughters in marriage to the Pictes 67.53 Britaines discomfited slayne by the West Saxons 130.39 Britaines ouerthrowne by Wightgar and Stuff 130.47 Brute Greenesheâ—â—d bringeth al the realme of Fraunce vnder his subiection 18.37 Brinus conuerteth the West Saxons to y e Christian faith 168.115 Britaines cease to reigne in this land 187.65 Britaines vanquished chased by King Inas 187.100 Brute and Corineus ioyne theyr companyes together 13.80 Britaines vanquished slayne by the Englishmen 165.19 Britaines couenant to finde the Saxons prouision of vitailes 114.56 Britaine spoyled miserably by the Saxons from sea to sea 114.66 Epiford or Aglisthorpe Battaile against the Saxons 115.76 Britaines discomfited by the Saxons flye into the mountaines 117.23 Britaines slayne by treason of the Saxons 118.22 Britaines slaine by the Saxons at a Banket 118.66 Brennus and Belinus sonnes to Mulmucius raigne iointly as Kings in Britaine 23.80 Brutes prayer before the Oracle 12.37 Britaines vanquishe not the Saxons without the ayde of the Scots and Pictes 129.36 Britaines vanquished by Kenricus King of West Saxons and chased 142.53 Britaines weare houpes of yroÌ„ in steede of chaines of golde 79.48 Britaines paint their bodyes with sundry shapes of foules and beastes 79.51 Britaines hardnes in lodging and diet 79.68 Britaines in old time admitted as well women as men to publique gouernment 61.37 Broughton Thomas knight a man of no small power and aucthoritie in Lancashyre bydeth the Lord Louell 1448.17 conspireth against y e king 1429.42 is slaine in battell 1431.44 Britaines make no account of Christian religion in y e Englishmen 164.11 Britaines ouerthrowne by CeÌ„twyne King of the West Saxons 183. Britaines put to flight by King Iohn 585.55 Broughe Hubert Erle of Kent dyeth 705.32 Britaines begin a new rebellion against Seuerus the Emperour 80.42 Brigantes vanquished by the Romanes and their countrey for the most parte subdued 66.70 Brent Foulkes poysoned dyeth 625.50 Broc Robert accursed 417.27