Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	manner_n	young_a	youth_n	62	3	7.9776	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36730	Atlas Chinensis being a second part of A relation of remarkable passages in two embassies from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the vice-roy Singlamong and General Taising Lipovi and to Konchi, Emperor of China and East-Tartary : with a relation of the Netherlanders assisting the Tarter against Coxinga and the Chinese fleet, who till then were masters of the sea : and a more exact geographical description than formerly both of the whole empire of China in general and in particular of every of the fifteen provinces / collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus ; English'd and adorn'd with above a hundred several sculptures by John Ogilby.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Dapper, Olfert, 1639-1689.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing D242; ESTC R5629	631,298	665

of their Offices before him declaring publickly that they would no longer Serve in their Places and the more boldly they throw them down if the Emperor designs any thing which they fear may prove prejudicial to the Realm and that he will not hearken to them It hapned some years since that the Emperor Vanlie who clouded all his Atchievements by his insatiably lustful desires for notwithstanding he had a lawful Son yet he would declare a Bastard to be Heir of the Empire but the Peers and Governors being against it said they would not suffer so base an Election yet the Emperor not regarding their Saying all the Magistrates that were in the City being to the number of two thousand went to the Palace and forc'd him against his will by laying off their Liveries to declare the lawful Heir to be Successor The like occasion hapned Anno 1651. for when after the Death of the Guardian and Unkle to the young Emperor another Tartar would Govern alledging that the Emperor's Age was not fit for such a Management all the Governors laid down their Badges whereby he was forc'd to desist and in this manner a Youth of sixteen years old call'd Xunghi being the true Heir took upon him the Government Besides these Magistrates or Privy-Councellors at the Court there are several other Offices or Council-Chambers for divers Businesses but the chiefest and most honorable is that which is call'd Hanlinyuen into which none but Learned Doctors are admitted Those which are in this Imperial Office do nothing but Read several Books and may not trouble themselves with publick Concerns when as nevertheless they exceed those that sit at the Helm wherefore many endeavor greatly to get into their Society Their Business is onely to write the Emperor's Letters Annual Chronicles and to make Laws and Ordinances Out of these are also chose the Tutors for the Emperor's and Princes In this Society are several degrees of Honor which every one attains to by their writing a good Style after which they are rais'd to the highest Preferment within the Court None are chose to be of that most eminent Office of Colao but out of them Those that are in this Society make great advantages by writing Epistles and Encomiums of their Friends nay every one accounts himself happy if he can but get them bestowing great Charge and trouble to that end for if they have but the Name that they are made by them they are accounted excellent though never so bad Lastly those that are of this Society are chief Councellors and Judges in the Examinations of Causes both Divine and Moral and are by the Professors of Sciences accounted Masters of Literature Besides all these Courts there is one supream Court which is the chief in the whole Empire None can be receiv'd into this unless they have been of the Imperial Society call'd Hanlin or Hanlinyuen before mention'd and after they have a considerable time been in Places of Government and made sufficient proofs of their Mildness Policy and Prudence and that no Letters of Complaint have been set out against them This Court consists of four or at most of six Persons which are call'd Colaos and Coglogs The Emperor Vanlie Grandfather to the Emperor Zunchin would never suffer more than one Colao alledging that the rest were needless The Quality of Colao to speak properly is no peculiar Office because they take care of the general Government of the State and are just like Supream Judges of all Courts and Dominions in the whole Empire though they are never all together but when they dispatch grand Business for the Emperor who being not always present upon the concluding they are many times forc'd to be in the Palace to answer those Petitions which are hourly brought to the Emperor This done they are necessitated to find out the Emperor and inform him of their several Results which having heard he doth Justice to the Parties and pronounces the ultimate Sentence by either confirming or altering their Conclusions These Colaos are in the highest esteem and above all the Councels or Magistrates who at a certain time come and shew Reverence to them as their Superiors in an open Hall The Colaos during this Ceremony stand up and all the Officers according to their Degrees walk cross the Hall coming before them they turn about and bow their Heads down to the Ground which Ceremony is call'd Quo Tham that is Passing through the Hall There is also a great difference betwixt the Colaos Robes and those of the other Magistrates for their Girdles are beset with Precious Stones which they call Yuxe which none but Colaos may wear in the whole Empire nay they receive their Orders by the Emperor 's own Hand as the Knights amongst us their Honor from the King himself Father Nicholas Trigaut describes the Colaos Authority and Office in the following words Besides these six Courts there is another the most eminent in the whole Realm and the Emperor's Palace those which belong to it are call'd Colaos and are generally three or four in number and sometimes six They have charge of no particular Business but mind the general Concerns of the Empire and sit in private Consultation with the Emperor daily in his Palace And in regard the Emperor at present doth not appear in Person at Treaties of publick Affairs of the Realm which he formerly us'd to dispatch they stay the whole day in the Palace and answer Petitions which in great numbers are brought according as they think fit with which Answers they go to the Emperor who Regio Nutu by his Beck either confirms or alters them Thus far Trigaut The like Quality and Office Father Martin ascribes to them in the following words The six Courts viz. Lypu Hupu Pingpu Cungpu Hingpu are not concern'd in publick Matters of the whole Realm but onely with private Consultations for the Governors make their Requests to the Emperor by way of Petition who having consider'd of the Business sends them to every Court to which they belong the Assistants whereof after serious Consideration acquaint the Emperor with their Opinons in Writing which he then according to his pleasure either vacates or affirms which that he may the better be able to do he chuses some of the prime Philosophers in the whole Empire for his Assistants who are call'd Colaos or Caising that is Assistants in Government These are in the next Degree to the Emperor and aid him in dispatching of Business Consulting with him in Person as being his Privy-Council for he is seldom seen by any other Magistrates Judges Justices or Councellors Thus far Martin Those which the Chineses call Colao we if we observe the original of the Name should term Assistants to the Emperor partly for their honorable Employment and partly as being next the Emperor the prime Governors of the whole Realm Thus far of the general Government and Councils or Offices of the Realm which so

return to their Towns with great lamentations then feed their fancies with representatives dress'd up as Babies in Clouts like those that were lost in the Field whom they Interr as if the very same Persons and get the Priestess to make Offerings to the Deceas'd Souls conjuring them not to go amongst nor by intelligence help their Adversaries Then the Priestess goes by her self to the appointed place and offers to the Souls of the Deceas'd a Swines Liver Heart and one or two of the Feet together with scalded Rice Pinang and Masakhaw at her return she relates what a sad complaint the Souls departed made and that they were almost starv'd Their Arms are Bowes Arrows Shields Swords Faulchions Spears of Darts about the length of a half Pike headed with pointed Steel and having four Rings of Barbs close to which hangs a long Line wherewith when they have discharg'd the Dart and wounded any they hale to them by the Line and Staff of the Javelin the struck Enemy whom when within their reach taking hold of the Hair with their left Hand with the right they whip off their Heads and leave the Corps neglected They fight not always though drawn up in battel array but when the two Armies are in view often from each Party a bold Champion steps forth Arm'd with a Shield two short Swords a Spear and half a dozen lesser Darts thus provided they fight valiantly till one is slain and the Victor returning with his Head upon his Lance about whom his Friends flock Rejoycing Dancing Singing and Drinking Masakhaw then returning home he fixes his bare Scull as a Register and Trophy of their Victory and this Duel for that time decides the Quarrel and all march off in quiet If any of the Natives of this Isle happen to fall sick they apply themselves only to Women-Doctors for no other officiate there who finding out the part affected by inquiry they rub and chafe it very strongly and if that cure not which seldom happens they are at a loss being utterly ignorant of the knowledge of Physick or how to make any application either by Herbs or other Compound Medicines fitting for Distempers or in any manner how to rectifie the Diet of the Sick But before the Tamatatah for so they call their Doctress comes to the Patient she Sacrifices to their gods if the Distemper be small then only with Masakhaw but if the sickness be dangerous with Pinang and Siry if the Disease be stubborn then the Priestess being sent for makes Offering to the gods Tagitelag and Tagesikel but if the Distemper doth not remit then the Doctress and Priestess come both together and seek by Charms and Incantations to find out whether the Person shall Live or Die which they perform after this manner The Priestess pretending to speak with the Sick Mans or Womans Spirit pulls them by their Fingers which if they crack she comforts them with hopes of recovery but if not they look upon it as a certain sign of Death Secondly they take a Leaf from a Tree by them call'd Fangack which putting before the Sick Persons Lips the Priestess comes with a Mouth full of Water and spurts on the Leaf if the Water runs off towards her it is a sign of Life but if it remains with the disaffected or fall on the other side they expect certain death but if at last the Sick recovers he is not permitted to come into their Congregation during their Karichang for that is a testimony of his Thankfulness for the preservation of Life and then he brings to the Priestess a Pot full of Masakhaw an Offering to the gods Takafocloe Telumalum and Tapali Appe saying Accept this as a token of Thanksgiving from my Hands you have well done to give me Life While they are going to the Priestess about this affair they must take heed that they meet with no Blind or Decrepit Person for if they should they must return lest they be punish'd with another Sickness They also account it a strange Omen to hear any one Sneese in their going But if the Distemper increase daily to a greater height either by Convulsions or other acute Pains they lay the whole blame upon the Devil himself as being the Author whom they call Schytinglitto whom to expel they send for the Priestess who conjures him in this manner First after some Oblations she prays to the gods to strengthen her against the Devil and banish all manner of fears from her then calling for a Sword and a Pot of Masakhaw attended with some of the stoutest Youth which are so valiant as to venture with her hunts through all the corners of the House after the Devil whom when she hath found as she crys out she drives away assisted by the young Men making a most terrible noise Having thus driven him a considerable way to the Bank of a River or some running Water or to the Woods if there be no Water near then she takes the Pot with Masakhaw and first drinking a good Soope out of it throwing the remainder Pot and all after the Devil and says these words Take that and return not to the Patient from whom I expell'd you This done she plants a Cane in the Ground of which as they report the Devil stands in great fear When the Fiend as she saith approaches her she strikes very fiercely at him and shows some Hair hid about her for that purpose to the People which she makes them believe and they credit that she hath broke the Devils Head and pull'd those Locks from it and for this her trouble she receives a Red Strip'd Garment and so departs But if the Distemper still continues and that there is no sign of amendment they send again for the Priestess who coming thither saith That the Devil loves the House and therein intends to dwell Whereupon being desir'd to drive him from thence and also her Reward shew'd her she takes a Spade Digs a Hole in several places of the House and pulls out some more Hair which she hath hid crying aloud to all the standers by that she hath had the Devil by the Head and that that is his Hair then seeming to force him out of the House with many scurrilous Exclamations After all endeavors us'd in vain and that their Stiches and Pains no way abate then they commit them to their gods but when they are ready to yield up the Ghost they pour so much strong Liquor down their Throats that running out at their Mouth and Nostrils it drowns and suffocates Thus having fetch'd the last Gasp all those that are about him cry out with a lamentable voice making strange Gesticulations clapping and stamping with their Hands and Feet and to give notice that one is dead in the Town they go up and down Tabering upon one of their Drums which done and the Corps wash'd in warm Water his best Clothes are put on adorn'd with Bracelets and other Ornaments his Weapons

during their time of Government much respected by the common People The third Employment is Treasurer who takes care of the Emperor's Revenue in his Province being Employ'd by the Court of Exchequer which sit at the Emperor's Palace He hath two Councellors allow'd him one of which sits on his right and the other on his left Hand besides twenty six Mandarins and several other Officers His Business is to look after the Customs Farms and all Revenues whatsoever belonging to the Crown He Seals the Weights and Measures decides all Differences concerning Moneys punishing the guilty or sending them if he think fit to higher Courts pays the Magistrates Allies to the Emperor Commanders and Soldiers provides Liveries and Marks of Honor which are given to famous Scholars pays the Money for the repairing of High-ways Bridges Courts or Palaces of the chief Mandarins and Ships of War Lastly this Treasurer hath the Command of all what comes in or goes out of the Treasury He also receives the Emperor's Presents from the Judges Governors and Tauli which every one makes according to their Employments being in Silver Coin or Bullion all which is by him melted into Bars each to the value of fifty Crowns and stamp'd with the Imperial Mark and the Melter's Name that thereby he may know whom to accuse if the Silver should be falsifi'd In this manner it is carry'd into the Emperor's Treasury The fourth Court is call'd Gandchasci that is The Court of Life and Death In it are two Assistants or Tauli whose care is to Visit and go from Town to Town to decide all Differences punish the guilty perform o●…r Duties belonging to their Offices which extend over the Militia and Affairs in such Provinces that lie near the Sea The fifth resembles a Colledge of Learned Men ordain'd to Examine Youths how they profit in their Studies and especially to observe their Masters of Art till such time as they have receiv'd their Bonnet and Orders to be Directors The prime of this famous Society is a Chancellor who from time to time goes to Towns and Villages to enquire after the Carriage Deportment and Conversation of the Learned and to punish or chastise them according to their several Offenses There are yet two Persons in every City call'd Hioquon that is Mandarins or Magistrates of Knowledge which also belong to the fore-mention'd five Courts whose Command extends onely over the Students of the City and though they have not Power to give the Degrees due to deserving Persons but onely to chastise them yet nevertheless they are very strict and severe because they continually reside in one Place and like Proctors in our Universities come and Examine the Scholars All these fore-mention'd Courts Command over the whole Province and the Cities Towns and Villages contain'd therein Moreover every City hath peculiar Governors as here in Europe being four eminent Mandarins or Aldermen as one of them is like a Mayor which is by them call'd Chifu Chi signifies Lord or Governor and Fu A Mannor or Tract of Land the other three are his Assistants and call'd Tumchu Tumphuon and Cheuquon every one hath his pecular Court and Officers Besides these are nineteen lesser Magistrates which look after the Towns two of them have a prime Councellor and four inferior Assistants the other nine onely one Councellor and one Assistant the other eight have one supream Head who Commands over their whole Society The Villages have also each of them a Judge and three Justices the Judge is call'd Chihien the first Justice Honchin the second Chufu and the third Tunfu All these have their several Courts or Council-Chambers and likewise Secretaries Clerks and other inferior Officers The Judge may pronounce Sentence of Death but cannot execute it Beside these Mandarins which reside in Towns and Villages there are some which have neither power to Condemn nor Punish but onely to give their Judgments to the Society The great Castles that lie distant from Towns and Villages have also Mandarins or Magistrates chosen from amongst the Clerks for the least Office that any Person of Quality aims at is to be Judge or Justice in a Village Trigaut declares the General Government of every Province as it was in his time after the following manner The Towns which belong to the prime Provinces of Peking and Nanking are Govern'd after the same manner as all the Cities and Towns in the other Provinces The Government of each of the thirteen Provinces consists in a Magistrate call'd Pucinsu and another nam'd Nanganzasu the first determines Civil Causes and the other Criminal They keep their Courts in great State and reside in the Metropolis of the Province To both these belong several petty Officers and also the chief Magistrates which are call'd Tauli but because they Command over several Cities they are sometimes absent from the Metropolis Every Fu ●…r County for a Province is divided into divers Counties hath a peculiar Governor call'd Chifu that is Lord of the County and likewise over every great City or Cheu and over each Town or Hien is a Governor the first call'd Chicheu and the last Cihien These Governors of all the Counties and chief Rulers of Cities have every one four Assistants which aid them in all Businesses that happen in their Jurisdiction being all their Deputies The Chifu or Governor of the County hath his Residence in one of the Cities and determineth all things as Chief for when any Businesses are consultof by the Chicheu and Cihien they acquaint him therewith as their Superior and in the first Degree It is to be observ'd that the Chifu or Governors of the Territories and his Court and the whole County receive their Denomination from the City in which they reside as for example the Governor keeps his Court in the City Nunciang and that City gives denomination to the whole County Governor and Court so that they are call'd Nunciangers Besides these Magistrates there are many others in Cities Towns and Villages as also many Generals and Collonels through the whole Empire but especially in Places bordering the Sea and Garisons Thus far Trigaut All the Magistrates saith the same Trigaut are under nine Orders all comprehended under the Philosopher and Military Man Every one in these Orders receives his Revenue from the publick Stock either in Rice or Mony though but little in respect of their Authority for the Salary of the prime and chief Order amounts not to above a thousand Ducats yearly Those which are of the same Order receive Wages alike whether Philosophers or Military Persons for the chief of the Soldiers get as much as the Supream of the Learned All the Magistrates have a private Seal of their Office given them by the Emperor Humvu What they write in their Law they Seal onely with Red which is a kind of Earth so Red that it is like a Vermilion and digg'd out of the Mountain Tape near the City Lingkien in the Province of