much the rather that long life and all the comforts of it if they be not sanctified and well improven are as empty of true Satisfaction as they are ineffectual in order to procuring true Happiness being but vanity ver 8. And 2. He doth more particularly press home this exhortation of tymous and serious preparation for Death on young men who ordinarly mind nothing less and are violent in pursuit of their lusts and pleasures ver 9.10 Where He offers to these young men 1. His Council spoken by an Irony which is a figure in a Holy manner mocking their sinful jovialty incident to youth ver 9. 2. He gives them a sad check to stay their sinful mirth by perswading them of the certainty Severity Strickness and Terribleness of a day of Judgement which allarum he gâ—ves them very hoâ—e and particular by Thou and Thee ver 9. And Thirdly He draweth a Conclusion from all ver 10. Wherein he presses the exhortation from several motives That in the end the neglect of it will be grief to the Heart hurtful to the Body and an evidence of great vanity intimating that as neglect of duty and sinful courses tho' pleasant will be grief to the Soul and trouble to the Body so youth is a very slippery time and obnoxious to many vain and foolish courses CHAP. XI Ver. 1. Cast thy Bread upon the Waters for thou shalt find it after many days 2. Give a portion to seven and also to eight for thou knowest not what evil shall be upon the Earth IN the first part of this Chapter Solomon presseth the duty of Charity or Liberality to the Poor as one step of the way to true Felicity And this he doth First in borrowed Terms Cast thy Bread upon the waters whether we take the Metaphor or Similitude made use of in the words for clearing of the Duty to be borrowed from Merchants who adventure their Estates upon the Waters or the Sea expecting a rich In-come Isa 23.3 Or from the Husbandman who casts his Seed upon the Land so well watered that he seems to cast it upon the Water Deut. 11.10 11. Isa 32.20 in hope of a good Crop or Harvest under which Metaphor Charity is frequently prest in Scripture 2 Cor. 9.6 Gal. 6.8 Or by Waters understand the Poor because what is given to them seems to be lost as if it were cast into the Sea and we are to look upon them as Waters that pass away and never return to give us Thanks for our Charity it is all one as to the purpose in hand For it is clear that Charity and Beneficence to the Poor is the Duty here prest and the supply to be given them is called Bread because in Scripture all that is necessary for humane Life is ordinarly comprehended under that name Mic. 7.12 Mat. 6.11 And because Bread is most necessary for the Poor and most common among all to be distribute and this Bread must be properly their own who give it The First Reason whereby this Duty is pressed is taken from the gracious Reward promised to the Performers of it For saith he after many days thou shalt find it not as if the same very thing which is given in Charity would return again to the Giver but as the Husband-man is said to get his Seed again though he get not the same Grains which he did sow So the Lord doth assure liberal persons that they shall not be Losers by their Liberality but shall get their own with Increase either in the same kind if He see it fit to bring them to poverty or in a better seing they have lent to Him He will repay though He do not presently give the Harvest after the Seed time Ver. 1. Next He presseth the same Duty in more proper terms Give a portion to seven and also to eight where a definit number is put for an indefinit which is a form of Expression frequent in Scripture Job 5.19 Mica 5.5 and the meaning is that we must not be wearied out of our Charity by the multitude of the Poor while the Lord continues His Liberality to us only he calls it a Portion because it ought to be proportioned to the number of these that call for our Charity And he gives a second Reason to press the same Duty taken from the uncertainty of what Calamities may come Thou knowest not what evil may be upon the Earth The meaning whereof is thou knowest not how soon thou mayest be deprived of Ability or Opportunity to do good with what thou hast and put to live thy self upon the Charity of others Hence Learn 1. Though our Charity or Liberality to the Poor cannot merit any thing from the Lord seing we can only give what He hath first freely given to us 1 Chron. 29.16 Luk. 17.10 yet the same is a step of the way to Felicity wherein the Lord will have His People to walk And therefore he who would use the outward Blessings of this Life so as his true Happiness may be promoved thereby must not only have a Heart to use them liberally and cheerfully so far as may consist with Sobriety and Holiness for his incouragement in his Masters service but he must also have a Heart to give out a part thereof to others in necessity For Solomon having frequently prest the former in order to Mans Happiness he comes here to press the latter in order to the same end as is clear by referring this to his general Scope which is to direct miserable Man in the right way to his true Felicity Cast thy Bread upon the Waters 2. Though the Lords People have the only true Riches consisting in Knowledge Wisdom and the like yet the Lord sees it fit that many of them be very poor as to the World and destitute of outward Injoyments not having so much of their own often times as Bread to eat or Raiment to put on that He may try others Charity and respect to His Commands the faith and patience of his own and may evidence that these outward things are not his best Gifts For it is supposed in this Exhortation that there will be many very poor among His dearest people whose supply He mainly calls for here and promises largely to Reward while he saith Cast thy Bread upon the Waters and give a portion to seven and also to eight 3. The Lord doth not make all His people alike Poor at once in things worldly but while some want Bread and other Necessaries comprehended under it there are others who have the same and may spare some of it for the supply of others as is likeways supposed in this Exhortation Cast thy Bread upon the Waters 4. Though humane Laws do not ordinarly injoin Charity and so do not punish for neglect of it yet Gods holy Law doth such is His respect to His Poor that He pleads for them with the Rich and consequently will plead in displeasure against the Rich if they respect not this Command
of God contradicted while he saith The thing that hath been it is that which shall be and that which is done is that which shall be done and there is no new thing under the Sun 2. Whatever new delights Satan and Mens corrupt Hearts may propose as attainable and whatever new ways of dishonouring God they may invent for attaining to these Idols yet men shall be sure to find all the Earthly delights they can pursue and all the courses they can invent for attaining to them the very same with these that others have followed before unsatisfactory and having a sting in their Tail so that men following their lusts are but pursuing the old Shadow which many thousands after their weariness in the like pursuit have found to be such they are but licking up the old vanity which the burden'd Consciences of wicked men who lived before have at least under trouble and at Death cast up with much pain and loathing for in this sense there is no new thing under the Sun how strong soever mens groundless apprehensions be to the contrary It hath been already of old time which 〈◊〉 before us 3 In order to the true contentment and solid saâ—â—â—â—â—ion of mans Soul it is requisit that there be a newness as some Happiness to themselves for of this they are here threatned to be deprived There is no Remembrance of former things neither shall there be any Remembrance of things that are to come with these that shall come after 4. This Oblivion of Men and their Actions which the Lord threatens as a punishment of their forgetting things necessary for his Glory and their Souls Good and of their imagining Happiness in so vain a thing as other Mens remembring them and their Actions after they are gone should wean their Hearts from Earthly Contentments as their portion and make them Study by all means to be of the number of them whose Memory is Blessed Prov 10 7. And who shall be with God and His Saints in Everlasting Remembrance Ps 112.6 For As an Argument toward this Scope is this here brought in There is no Remembrance of former things neither shall there be any Remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come after 5. Let Men weary themselves never so much in going from one thing to another seeking after an Earthly Happiness the Lord hath determined to blast all their Enterprises and to oppose himself to them in every course they can take for their satisfaction beside the Study of Reconciliation with himself and living in his Fear and Obedience for after he hath disappointed them all along their Life of desired satisfaction in their several Idols as is expressed in the former Words he declares here that he resolves also to cut off that which they imagined to have after Death There is no Remembrance of former things neither shall there be any Remembrance of things that are to come 6. If Man did Remember the former Courses that others have taken for attaining satisfaction in things Earthly together with the sad dissappointments that God hath made them to meet with in their way whereof they may be kept in Remembrance by the Study of the Scriptures and Observation of Providences they might thereby be keept from looking upon any Earthly delight they can propose to seek as if it were new and from imagining to fall upon any new course which may prove more successful for attaining to it than hath been taken by others before who have been all disappointed for as was touched in the Exposition this verse may be taken for a Reason of that which is supponed in the former Argument to wit that Men apprehend a newness in their Idols and that they may fall upon new and more effectual wayes of attaining to them than others have done before this I say may be taken as a Reason of their so doing even Mens forgetfulness of what is past Importing that if they did remember Gods dissappointing others following the same Idols in the same way that themselves do this Remembrance of former things might be a mean to divert them from insisting in that way but now they look upon their Idols as if they were new for there is no Remembrance of former things and others also will go on the same way because neither shall there be any Remembrance of things that are to come with those that shall come after Verse XII I the Preacher was King over Israel in Jerusalem XIII And I gave my Heart to seek and search out by wisdom concerning all things that are done under Heaven this sore travel hath God given to the Sons of Man to be exercised therewith XIV I have seen all the works that are done under the Sun and behold all is Vanity and vexation of Spirit HEre is the Seventh Argument taken from the Preachers own Experience the sum of it is that after his most painful and Serious Study to see the utmost that Mans wit could attain unto for the bringing about of any Happiness or true contentment to him while his affections are not set upon things which are above he had found by Experience that all comes to nothing but disappointment and Vexation And that this Argument from his Experience may be the more forceable he doth first hold out several considerations of himself and his Study to add weight unto it As. 1. That he was advanced both to Ecclesiastick and Civil Dignity and that over the People who were the only Church that God had in the World and so was not only obliged to this Study that he might profit the Church he being called to be a Preacher but singularly fitted with many Advantages for furthering himself in his Studies he being a King and that in Jerusalem Verse 12.2 That this Study of his was not by constraint but that his Heart was applyed and strongly inclined to it He gave his Heart unto it 3. That his inclination was followed with Variety of pains one degree of diligence being added to another in the use of all means for attaining to clearness in this great question wherein true Happiness doth consist he gave his Heart to seek and search 4. That this his Study was guided and ordered by that habitual Wisdome which God had given to him in an extraordinary measure above all other Men. 1 Kings 4.29 5. That in this acurate enquiry of his none of the Creatures or Works of God about them that might in his apprehension contribute any thing for making Man Happy had escaped his consideration And next he doth hold forth two Experimental Observations of his as the result of this his most painful and acurate Study 1. That this painful and Laborious way of acquiring any measure of right and sound knowledge is imposed by the Lord upon Man to be a humbling Exercise to him as the Word translated Sore travel signifies the more to convince him of his natural Misery Verse 13. 2. That upon a serious Survey
As 1. That it teacheth men by what tenure to hold and by what Rule on what occasions to improve their Worldly Inheritances And is that without which all outward Injoyments are but a Snare and a Curse to men and giveth them fair Opportunities and putteth them in a good Capacity of doing God Service in the World ver 11. 2. That by it Rich Incomes to the Soul from the Lord which truly deserve the name of profit do redound to the person indued with this Wisdom ver 11. 3. That it is a shelter from many evils and dangers especially Spiritual far above Money which is but a defence against outward dangers and that in some Cases only ver 12. And 4 Least by attributing to Money the like effect of being a defence with saving Wisdom he should seem to derogate from this saving Knowledge he shews that it excelleth Money and all other things in this That it is the means of conveying increasing and preserving Spiritual Life and the beginning and pledge of Eternal Life ver 12. VI. As a sixth Remedy against that anxiety and trouble of Spirit arising from the violence of Oppression the great hinderance of Mans true Happiness He doth direct to the right Improvement of the Lords Dispensations ver 12 to 21. Which he recommends to be done 1. By serious Consideration and pondering of them especially since what works God brings about contrary to Mans will and designs of obtaining Happiness in them cannot by Mans wit and power be altered or winded about to serve his fancied end of reaching a true Felicity in the Creatures ver 13. 2. By being suitably affected with the Lords various Dispensations in Prosperity to rejoyce with Thanksgiving in Adversity to consider seriously the procuring Causes of it Gods Mind and Ends in it and our Duty under it Especially since the Lord had ordered such a mixture and succession of these lots unto Man That though he had been called to the Council of it he could not have found out a better and nearer way to advance the Glory of God and carry on his own Happiness than these various Dispensations and his own right Improvement of them ver 14. 3. That since in his own short and sinful Life he had considerable Experience of these changes of Dispensations as ordinarily are most stumbling such as just Men falling before the wicked for Righteousness sake and wicked Men prospering in their sinful courses ver 15. He dehorteth from two Extremities incident to corrupt Nature upon occasion of these various ways of God The One is That Men would not affect or arrogate to themselves such a superlative Righteousness and Wisdom as to Censure these Works of God as not Wisely and Equitably carried on and as if they could manage them to better advantage And so by this affecting to be more Righteous and Wise than God bring Destruction upon themselves both by inward vexation when things fall out otherwayes than they imagine they should And by outward strokes from a provoked God for such insolent Censuring of his Dispensations ver 16. The Other is That upon the wicked prospering in his Wickedness they would not discover so much folly and want of saving Knowledge as to give or sell themselves to such a height of Impiety as ordinarily upon that occasion unrenewed Men run into And that because such a course may hasten their Death sooner than that time to which in humane probability by the course of Nature they might have attained ver 17. And 4. since the former Directions for the right use making of the Lords various Dispensations are the way to Fellowship with God in which a mans chief Good doth consist he exhorts that they would readily imbrace the Opportunities and continue in the practice them And that the rather because those who are Principled with the true Fear of God shall have a sure and sweet outgate even tho they fall before the Wicked as to their outward Concerns from all their Sufferings and Temptations ver 18. And upon this Occasion he falls again upon the commendation of Spiritual Wisdom partly from the Blessed effect thereof that it satisfies the person against the Trials and Temptations formerly mentioned beyond any humane help or strength ver 19. And partly from the readiness of men though both imputatively and inherently just even in their best Actions to miscarry without this saving Wisdom ver 20 And VII As the last Remedy against that anxiety of Mind by which true Content and Happiness is Impeded He recommends that People would not be very curious to hear or know much less revengefully resent what evil others rashly or passionatly speak of them ver 21. And that because as such curious Inquiries and revengeful Resentments may readily meet with undesired and unexpected Railings and Revilings from their own Domesticks and Relations ver 21 So men may be Conscious to themselves that even they themselves have spoken rashly and passionatly against others ver 22. The Second part of the Chapter from ver 23. to the end contains in it I A commendation of the former purpose concerning right judging and improving of Gods various Dispensations at deserving Consideration and Belief and that on the account 1 That it was his own Experience after serious Trial and Exercise of Spiritual Wisdom ver 23 3. That though he had been very desirous of and at great pains to get saving Knowledge yet had he not received that measure of it which was desired or attainable by him ver 23. 3. That the Providence of God in governing the World is so deep a Mystery that the shallow capacity of the Wisest of Men cannot comprehend it But must look on it as a Pearle lying in the bottom of the Sea or a precious thing at the outmost end of the Earth ver 24. And 4. That it may not be thought that his Ignorance in these deep Mysteries of Providence was affected He shews what earnest desires and diligent endeavours he had used not only to attain to the understanding of Gods mind in his Dispensations And to know not only the natural causes of things and the Lords holy Ends and Wise Reasons in the operations of his hands Put also to know the madness and folly of these sinful courses whereby most men think to attain to Happiness ver 25. Then II In this part of the Chapter having lamented his Short sightedness in these Mysterious ways of God notwithstanding his serious and diligent inquiry into them He giveth an account of some degrees of success he had of his pains As 1. That he had sadly found the evil of fulfilling the Lust of the Flesh Which he manifests Both by de cribing a Whoorish Woman from the Subtile and prevailing ways that she hath in alluring and detaining men Slaves to her Lusts And by affording some Arguments to deterr the hearts of all from yeelding to that sin of Uncleaness as being more grievous in its nature and effects then temporal Death as
be busie in observing what may be known of God that may draw their Affections to Him and engage them to His Service and after disappointment of desired success and darkness remaining must renew their endeavours in the use of one commanded mean after another For so was it with Solomon I applied my Heart or as the Original may be rendred I and my Heart went about together to search and seek out Wisdom what he could not find out by Searching he sought out which is one endeavour after another 7 They that would judge aright of the Lord's Dispensations must labour to see by the light of the Word and Spirit what Reasons there may be for them As for Example why the Lord suffers His people to be brought so low in the World even that He may humble them and prove them and do them good in the latter end Deut. 8.16 And why He suffers wicked Men to prosper even that if they will not by His Goodness be led to Repentance they may be the riper for Destruction Rom. 2.4 Ps 92.7 that so we may satisfie our own minds and be able to give a Reason to others of what we profess to know For this was one thing that Solomon made his study To know the reason of things 8 That which is truly good is more clearly seen when we consider the evil that is contrary to it The Beauty of Holiness and excellency of Saving Knowledge is illustrat and best seen when the deformity of Sin the madness and unreasonableness of these Courses which natural Men take to come at their imaginary Happiness are compared therewith For Solomon took this way He gave his Heart to know Wisdom and to know the wickedness of Folly even of Foolishness and Madness 9. As every Man who is not indued with Saving Wisdom is desperat in Wickedness and extremely Mad in following the course that will be his ruine So there is such a height of wickedness and perversity in his way that it is not easy to express the same For Solomon multiplies words to that purpose as if it had been difficult for him to express it while he calls it The wickedness of Folly even of Foolishness and Madness 10. The knowledge of the evil of Sin the madness and Folly that is in Sinners way the desperat wickedness that is in their Hearts while they are in pursuit of their Lusts is one part of Saving Wisdom which all should study that would be truly happy For this is it which Solomon endeavoured to know The wickedness of Folly even of Foolishness and Madness Ver. 26. And I find more bitter than Death the Woman whose Heart is Snares and Nets and her Hands as Bands whose pleaseth God shall escape from her but the Sinner shall be taken by her THis Wise Man having regrated the imperfection of his Knowledge notwithstanding of his most serious inquiry after it formerly mentioned he doth here and in the following words give instances of some success he had of his pains The First is concerning the Evil of sinful Pleasures particularly the satisfying of the Lusts of the Flesh And in setting forth this he doth First describe a Whorish Woman from two things The 1. is That her Heart is Snares and Nets the meaning whereof is That her Heart being under the power of her Lusts doth catch every Temptation to that Sin of Uncleanness which is explained by that Expression Ps 41.6 The Heart gathers iniquity to it self And likeways that her Heart is full of subtile Plots and Insinuations to insnare Men and draw them to her desires as Fowlers and Fishers have their Nets and Baits to entangle Birds and Fishes which are the Metaphores in the Words 2. That her Hands are as Bands whereby are meant her powerful Stratagems to hold Men fast Slaves to her and their own Lusts Next He giveth some Arguments to deterr the Hearts of all from being entangled with Temptations of this sort 1. That he himself had found in his own experience and did in part yet feel the bitterness of giving way to that Sin of Impurity which is so Bitter that Temporal Death is to be preferred to the base Slavery of it By which it seems very clear not only that Solomon was a true Penitent but that this Book hath been written after and in testimony of his Repentance seing at the writting hereof his Uncleanness was so bitter to him that he cannot express it but by calling it more grievous than Death it self to wit Temporal Death which only deprives Men of their Natural Life and the Comforts of it but these sinful Pleasures deprive them of Spiritual Life and the Comforts of Communion with God 2. That the Man who is Favoured of God in a special way shall escape such Temptations that is either he shall not be entangled with them or shall be mercifully rescued from them and consequently as himself expresses this same purpose Prov. 22 14. they must be Abhorred of God who are given up to them 3. That this Sin of Uncleanness is often the punishment of other Sins The Sinner saith he shall be taken by her By the Sinner is not meant every one that deserves that Name for then all should be taken but by the Sinner as is usual in Scripture when that Name is opposed to the Godly or the upright Person is meant One given up or giving himself up to Sin and making a Trade of living in it such a Man is justly left to fall into this most bitter and abominable Sin of Uncleanness Hence Learn 1. Whatever dissatisfaction sincere Students of Saving Knowledge may have with their measure they shall be sure to find success in that which tends most to their true Happiness and to the preventing of their Eternal Ruine For Solomon having regrated his short-coming in the study of Wisdom before cannot but acknowledge that he was not altogether unsuccesful And I find more bitter c. 2. To feel experimentally the bitterness of Sin and to have a lively representation of the hazard of living in it is not the least part of the success of Mens pains for Saving Knowledge For without this they can know nothing Savingly Therefore this is one Instance which Solomon expresseth as a Blessed Fruit of his pains that he found sinful Pleasures More bitter than Death 3. However Sinners apprehend much pleasure in Sin when they commit it yet there is a woful Sting afterward and much Bitterness in the latter end of it every Penitent finds it in mercy so Bitter to him when his Conscience is wakened that he would rather venture upon Temporal Death than enjoy his sinful Pleasures again And impenitent Sinners find it so in Wrath here sometimes by the Stings of an accusing Conscience especially while Poverty Disgrace and loathsome Diseases making their Lives Bitter are upon them Prov. 5.11 and always at Death and after it to Eternity Eccles 12.1 c. So that all that ever took pleasure in Sin shall be
considering that when Gods appointed time of calling for it comes he will have no Power over it to Retain it for this is an Argument for the study of Heavenly Wisdom and respect to Gods commands Man hath no Power over the Spirit to retain it 3. However Men of great natural Spirits especially such as are transported with the desire of esteem for magnanimity and Courage may seem to defy Death and not to fear it while they are not come to Combat with it yet so terrible is it to all that have not made their Peace with God and so made sure to themselves a better Life that when it draws neer they will have strong desires to Retain their Spirits a while longer and to have a Discharge from the Combat with Death they having nothing to comfort and strengthen them against the King of Terrours and the fear of the second Death which is at the back of the first for this is spoken to shake men out of their security who neglect the study of Heavenly Wisdom and preparation for Death no Man hath power over the Spirit to retain the Spirit neither is there any discharge in that War 4. It is the great Misery of wicked Men to be peremptorily called to render their Spirits and utterly unwilling to part with them to be called to Combat with the King of Terrours and to have neither Courage nor Comfort in entering the the Lists with him and this is the case of all who are destitut of saving Wisdom the consideration whereof should incite Men to study Reconciliation with God and an Holy Walk which breeds Willingness to Dy and Comfort in Death For as a proof of Mans Misery spoken of before this is brought in no Man hath Power to retain the Spirit it supposes Man very desirous to Retain it even when he must part with it 5. Mens Spirits that are now Rebellious against God and in a continual motion contrary to his revealed Will must when Death comes move at his Command they must flit out of the Body and sist themselves before the Judge to be at his disposal the consideration whereof should deter Men from their sinful Courses For no man hath Power over the Spirit to retain the Spirit 6. While Men have natural strength and vigour they should spend the same in these Exercises the remembrance whereof may comfort them in Death for when Death draws neer Man becomes impotent not only to resist Death but to prepare for it not only hath he no power to prosecute his Lusts farther but no power for these spiritual Exercises which he puts off to the Day of his Death for Solomon gives this as an Argument for the study of Heavenly Wisdom neither hath he Power in the day of Death 7. As every Man will have a sore Conflict and an hot Battel with Death so there is no Man with never so much Power or Policy not the greatest on Earth who can have a Discharge or Exemption from ingaging in the Combat with it Therefore Men had need to get the Breast plate of Faith and for an Helmet the hope of Salvation and to study a wise carriage in an evil World especially when they have to do with Wicked men in Power and Authority least by their miscarriage they ingage themselves needlessly in that War For there is no Discharge in that War 8. Mortal men can hardly be brought to have serious thoughts of the necessity of Death and the impossibility of shifting the Combat with it they live as if they could Retain their Spirits for ever and forget to take their Armour to them as if they were never to fight with the King of Terrours Therefore the necessity of it and impossibility of escaping it is here set forth by so many expressions No Man hath power over the Spirit to retain the Spirit no man hath power in the day of Death neither is there any Discharge in that War 9. When wicked Men have had success in their sinful Courses so far as by them to escape temporal hazards for a time they do them go on as confidently in them as if they would always deliver them as is imported in this threatning which contradicts Mens ordinary apprehension neither shall Wickedness deliver those that are given to it 10. Whatever be mens apprehensions of safety by their sinful Courses they shall be so far from delivering them at last that they shall bring total and terrible destruction upon them For such sparing expressions in Scripture spoken against wicked Men import much more than is exprest even the contrary affirmative in the Superlative degree neither shall Wickedness deliver those that are given to it importing no less than that it shall bring Vtter Destruction from which there shall be no escaping to all Eternity 11. However all unregenerat Men rise not to a like height of Wickedness yet all of them are restless in committing of the same they cannot Sleep unless they do Mischief or provoke others so to do as the word Wickedness signifies they are expert in Sin and wedded to their Lusts as if they had made a Marriage Covenant with them as the words Translated that are given to it signifie Wickedness shall not deliver those that are given to it 12. Though any degree of Wickedness continued in will bring Destruction upon Men yet of all Sinners there are least hopes of the Salvation of them who are become Restless and unwearied in Sinning and so pour out their affections upon their Lusts as if they were wedded to them for so are the words in the Original Wickedness or Turbulency and Restlessness in Sin shall not deliver them that are given or have Wedded or married themselves unto it Ver. 9. All this have I seen and applied my heart to every work that is done under the Sun there is a time wherein one man Ruleth over another to his own hurt HEre Solomon doth First confirm his former Doctrine from his own Experience that he had Seen all that he saith partly by his own Observation and partly by the Information of the Lords Spirit representing to his mind as in a Glass that he might represent the same to the Church the misery of them that want that Wisdom which is from above and the sweet Advantages of them that have it formerly mentioned Next He commends his Experience from the great pains he took in studying the Lords Dispensations he applied his heart his understanding and Affections were taken up how to profit in this study and the Book he read upon was a very large Volume all the works under the Sun whereby he means especially all the Dispensations of Gods Providence for the several kinds of them and so far as humane understanding elevated and illuminated as his was might reach them For though he was a great Student of the Works of Creation or nature 1 King 4.33 yet he speaks here mainly of the Works of Gods Providence or the carriage and issue of humane
attaining to what is prest in the former namely the removal of Sorrow from the Heart And put away evil from thy Heart 10. Men will never rightly reform the Ills of their practice especially Sins of their Youth till they be sensible of their Original Pollution which doth encline them to sinful Courses even from the very Morning of their Life or as the Word translated Youth signifies the breaking of the Day of their being in the World For Original Sinfulness is held forth in this Expression which is brought in as a Reason why Men should be serious in reforming their actual Transgressions For Childhood and Youth are vanity 11. The sinful Delights of Youth are transitory and those hot furious Motions of Passion Lust and the like will soon evanish the consideration whereof should move Men to the study of Mortification timously that they may leave their Lust ere their Lusts leave them For the Vanity here spoken of is mainly to be understood of the transitoriness and speedy evanishing of youthly Pleasures and the same is brought as an Argument for the study of Reformation For Childhood and Youth are vanity CHAP. XII THE ARGUMENT IN the First Part of this Chapter contained to the 8 Verse the Preacher continueth his purpose begun in the end of the last Chapter which is to stirr up Men to a serious and timous preparation for Death and Judgement And in order thereto doth 1 press the exercise of a Duty very fit and necessary for that end to Remember their Creator c. ver 1. where 1 we have the Duty it self which is to Remember a Word importing a clear up-taking of God and His Attributes an affectionat and cordial Trusting in Him and an Engagement to the Duties of New Obedience ver 1. 2. The season fittest for discharge of that Duty not only the present Now but the time of Youth ver 1. And 3. The Argument whereby he presseth this Duty taken from the sad Condition that every Man is to expect under Old Age with reference to the Trouble and Afflictions incident to it and the continuance of these Afflictions upon him and the Language that such will have at such a time far different from what they had in their Youth ver 1. 2. He doth negatively describe the fittest Opportunities for the performance of these Duties necessary in order to the preparing for Death as that it should not be deferred till the Miseriei of Old Age creep on nor till the frequent Returns of outward afflictions especially Diseases ver 2. In the dimness of the bodily Eyes the usefulness of external Lights and the fatling of the Reason held forthly the Allegories of the Sun Moon and Stars being darkned and in the continual succession as one Cloud or Shower after another cometh in time of Winter of one Trouble after another ver 2. 3. The Preacher positively evinceth the time of Old Age not to be so fit an Opportunity for making peace with God in order to preparation for Death as the time of Youth and Health an old Mans Body being so beset with Death as a beseiged Castle that the Arms and Hands called the Keepers of the House do shake the Legs and Thighs the strong Men grow feeble the Teeth the Grinders turn few loose and unfit for preparing Meat for the Stomach and the Eyes which took out at their Holes as Windows grow dim and weak ver 3. 4. He by several other Metaphors describeth the dissolution of this House of Clay or earthly Tabernacle as by the Shutting of the Doors in the Street importing the unfitness of the Mouth and Lips to speak or Throat which are the Doors of the Tabernacle to let down Meat By the low sounding of the Grinders holding out the small noise Old Men throw want or weakness of their Teeth make in their Eating by his rising at the Voice of the Bird thereby signifying the unsoundness of his Sleep and by the Daughters of Musick brought low thereby discovering the weakness of all these Organs of the Body made use of either in uttering or receiving of melodious Sounds ver 4. By Old and Dying Men their being afraid of that which is high and their Fears in the way insinuating their want of Strength and Courage by the flourishing of the Almond Tree holding forth the increase of Gray Hairs as a sore-runner of Death by the Grashoppers being a Burden shewing their Weakness to be such as that the weight of a Flie shall be a trouble to them And by the failing of the Desire both after lawful and unlawful Objects ver 5. The ground of all which is because Man is going to his unchangable Estate ver 5. and his Friends have given him over for dead and begun their mourning for him ver 5. By the loosing of the Silver Cord holding forth the decay of the natural Life and Spirits or Marrow of the Back-bone and Arteries of the Heart which thence convoy the Spirits to other places of the Body By the breaking of the Golden Bowl whereby is meant the Skin containing the Brain which having the Pores of it much opened to admit of what is prejudicial fortokeneth a Decay of the Body in old age By the Breaking of the Pitcher at the Fountain by which is meaned the obstruction of a Vein in the form of a Pitcher coming from the Liver here called the Fountain betokening Decay and Death ver 6. and by the Wheel broken at the Cistren by which is meant the Lungs which as a Wheel are in continual motion till by watry Humours and Flegm falling down in the Stomach they be impeded and so brings Decay and Death ver 6. All which drives the Preachers Scope in the ver 1. to prepare for Death in time before these things fall out by remembring their Creator in the days of Youth And 5. This First part of the Chapter is shut up in giving a short sum the Tabernacle being dissolved as is before described of Mans future state both as to the Body that it being Dust in its first original returns thereto till the Resurrection and also as to the Soul called here the Spirit because of their immaterial substance and resemblance to God that it shall return to God to be disposed of eternally by Him Which also may perswade to the Duty of preparing for Death ver 7. In the Second Part of this Chapter from ver 8. to the end the Preacher sums up this purpose and the whole Book wherein 1. He asserts as the substance of this Book the vanity and insufficiency of all humane Things for directing Man to true Happiness ver 8. 2. He commends the purpose contained in this Book 1. From the Preacher himself and his qualification of Wisdom ver 9. As from the Improvement he made of this for the good of the Church ver 9. As from his Diligence and Assiduity in his Work ver 9. As from his not resting in any measure attained but seeking out carefully
for more as from his Watchfulness and giving good heed ver 9. As from his orderly digesting of his matter ver 9. so from his dexterity in reducing Purposes to short and grave Sentences or Proverbs ver 9. 2. From the Qualities of the Doctrine by him delivered ver 10. viz. The desirableness of the words and matter ver 10. The approvableness and uprightness of the purpose ver 10. And the firmness and truth thereof ver 10. All which commend his Doctrine as being Desirable to move the Affection Upright to reform and direct the Practice and True to inform the Judgement and perswade Belief And 3. He commends the purpose of this Book 1. From the Efficacy of it with reference not only to the Doctrine revealed in this Book but to all Truth in general ver 11. As being powerful to excite as a Goad people to their Duty ver 11 and to establish and fix Men as Nails in the ways of God ver 11. And 2. From the authority of it as being given by and derived from Christ Jesus the one Shepherd ver 11. And 3. In the conclusion of this Book and Purpose he exhorteth to the right Improvement of it and the purposes therein ver 12. Wherein 1. He giveth his Readers a loving compellation of a Son thereby to insinuat upon their affections ver 12. 2 He shews the right use of these words and purposes even to be admonished by them ver 12. And 3. He presseth this by two Reasons the 1. is That if Men follow not these Directions they will be endless and fruitless as in writing many Books in their Inquiries after other things and ways And the 2 Reason is from the sad effect even to the flesh of these vain Imaginations and Enquiries ver 11. Yea 4 In this Conclusion of the Book he giveth the Scope of all this Doctrine delivered ver 13. which 1. He presseth on his own Heart and the Hearts of others ver 13. 2. He branches out the substance of his whole Doctrine in two Duties the 1. is the Fear of God The 2. is the Keeping of His Commandements ver 13. And 3. He presseth these Duties by two Arguments the first whereof is in this ver 13. As being the short summ of all that God requireth of and worketh in Man and wherewith they should be wholly imployed ver 13. The second Reason whereby the study of those great Duties is pressed is taken from the certainty terriblness and exactness of the last Judgement contained in ver last And therefore whoever design to be truly Happy should forbear the following of lying Vanities within time and give themselves to the study and exercise of â—earing God and keeping His Commandements wherein true preparation for Death and Eternity does consist CHAP. XII Ver. 1. Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth while the evil days come not nor the years draw neigh when thou shalt say I have no pleasure in them THe Scope of this Heavenly Preacher in the first part of this Chapter being to stir up Men to make timous preparation for Death and Judgement he doth in this verse First press that Exercise which mainly fits Men for appearing before their Judge in these words Remember thy Creator Whereby according to the frequent use of the word in Scripture is meant that Men should labour to intertain such clear thoughts of the properties of God particularly his power and terrour Neh. 4.14 His grace and love Cant. 1.4 as use to be blest for leading Men to Repentance Ps 22.27 drawing their hearts to trust in the Lord Ps 20 7. and ingaging them to his praise Ps 97.12 and to all duties of new obedience Deut. 8.11 and while he presseth this Exercise on Men he represents the Lord to them as Creator not to exclude other considerations of him as useful to be remembred by them but because under this consideration he is naturally known to Men and the same is very effectual for moving them to live to him from whom they have their being and constantly to depend upon him from whom they have their daily preservation which is to them a continued Creation Next He points out the season fittest for the discharge of of this duty and that is the present Now and especially the days of Mens youth not as if these who have never gone about this duty till Youth be past were not here spoken to but because the time of Mens Youth is of all other the fittest for that Exercise And Thirdly He presseth the present use making of this opportunity by a reason which is much inlarged in the following words taken from the sad times which every Man may expect under Sickness and Old Age and this he sets forth in two expressions The one is while the evil days come not whereby he means the days of Affliction which are called by that name elsewhere in Scripture Ps 49.5 The other is and the years wherein thou shalt say I have no pleasure in them whereby is meant the time of the long continuance of trouble which every man should prepare for toward the evening of his Life in which neither sinful pleasures nor the most lawful earthly delight shall be sweet to men but they shall be forced to express as they shall be able their loathing of the same and therefore seing all men ought to expect such a time as this before them it is every mans Wisdom to study that which may yeild true pleasure and comfort to his heart in the worst times that can come and that is only Gods favour and fellowship to be found in the way of his fear and obedience afterward recommended Hence Learn 1. It is not the naked contemplation or bare notions of God and his properties that will prepare men rightly for Death or yeild them true comfort at that time but it is the Heart-affecting and practical meditation of him whereby men cherish such thoughts of him as draw forth their affections upon him and make them frame their walk to his Honour for that is the force of the original word both according to the propriety of the original language and the use of it in Scripture as was cleared in the Exposition Remember thy Creator 2. Though there be no consideration of God under which the Scripture holds him out which is not useful and profitable fore us yet these of his soveraignity and omnipotency which the Relation of a Creator offers to reasonable Creatures should be most frequently cherished especially by men who have strong passions and Lusts to be mortified and great discouragements to graple with in the way of their duty that so they may take him up as One able easily to subue these Lusts and make a new Creation upon their Souls or if they continue voluntary Slaves to them able to destroy them being their Creator and if they give themselves up to his obedience able to bear them thorow all difficulties 1 Pet. 4.19 and to creat
peace and comfort in their Spirits to make up the loss of any comfort they can renounce for his sake Isai 57.18.19 for which and the like reasons we may conceive the Lord as Creator recommended to the remembrance of Men who have strongest Lusts unsubdued and apprehend greatest difficulty in renouncing the pleasures of them Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth 3. It is not possible to get the Heart drawn from Earthly delights and so ingaged to the fear and obedience of the Lord unless it be stayed upon him and replenished with frequent thoughts of his properties which will bring in so much Holy aw of him and such apprehensions of sweetness to be bad in him that sinful pleasures will appear to be but Husks or Swins food in comparison thereof and the Soul will not dare to feed upon these Husks if it have clear and frequent thoughts of the soveraignity and power of God the Creator for having disswaded from carnal pleasures in the close of the former Chapter and being afterward in this to recommend to the study of living in the fear of obedience of the Lord as the only way to true Happiness he doth here press this Remember thy Creator as the best way to divert the Heart from the one and ingage it to the other 4. The time of Youth is the fittest time for the study of Reconciliation with God and walking in his fear and obedience then the wit and memory are ripest and the affections most vigorous and therefore should be spent in that study which only is worthy of them especially considering that it is but just with God to reject Men though they should offer themselves to him when they have given the flower of their time Wit Strength and affections to the service of Satan and their Lusts and that if he should accept of them the remembrance of their mis-spent Youth will be extreamly heavy and will readily occasion in the best fears of off-casting in old age compare Ps 25.7 with Ps 71.18 Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy Youth 5. As there is a natural propensitie in all to forget God and to shift serious thoughts of him and therefore all Men have need of a Remembrancer to mind them often of this great duty prest in the Text so of all others Young men are most apt to forget God and put off serious thoughts of him and their own Souls their Lusts being strongest and their Hearts most capable of the sweetness of Earthly delights so that the Ministers of Christ though they have often least hope of success in dealing with Wanton Proud Insolent and furious Youth yet must they press this Duty upon them and urge them in the name of the Lord to make use of the present opportunity for it Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy Youth 6. However days of affliction Old Age and Infirmity be good Days to those who have made their Peace with God Hab. 3.17 Rom. 8 2â— yet are they evil Days in themselves and will prove no better than a begun Hell to them who still defer the study of making their Peace with God For so the Preacher describes the times of Affliction which befall Men especially toward Death calling the same evil Days while the evil days come not 7. While Men have Health and Strength and immunity from Trouble they should be forecasting evil Days and unpleasant years that so in the Summer and Harvest of Youth and Strength they may be making Provision for the Stormy Winter of Affliction and Old Age Prov. 10.9 by ensuring the pardon of their Sins thorow the Blood of Christ which else will readily compass them about as unpardoned in such times Psal 49.5 And so making clear their interest in God which is the only Consolation in Evil Days Hab. 3.17 For Solomon supposes here every Young Man to have Evil Days and Years of Trouble before him which he should forecast and thereby be moved to prepare timously for them Remember c. while the Evil Days come not and the Years c. 8. The Lord will once make Earthly Delights tastless and loathsome to Men before they go out of this Life he doth it to the Godly 2 Sam. 19.34.35 that divine Consolations may relish the better with them and they may long for the pleasures that are at his right hand And to the Wicked also Dan. 5 5.6 that they may see their Folly in satisfying themselves with these things only which cannot give them any comfort when they have most need of it And so often gains a Testimony from both good and bad that Earthly Delights are unworthy to be delighted in For Solomon supposes here that there is a time for every Man wherein he shall say I have no Pleasure in them 9. Christs Ministers should be so well acquainted with the Language of dying Men both by their daily observing of the case of such and their study of the Scriptures which will inform them of it Prov 5.11 1 Thes 5.3 that they may be able to inform Men who have least mind of Death what sentence they will pass in their own Conscience and what Language they shall readily utter to others concerning their sinful pleasures when they shall be drawing near to the Gates of Death that so they may the more effectually prevail with them to renounce in time these Sinful Pleasures For Solomon here represents to the voluptuous Young Man who is cheering up his Heart in his Sins and banishing the thoughts of Death what he shall say of his Youthly Pleasures when Sickness comes and Death draws near Thou shall say I have no Pleasure in them Ver. 2. While the Sun or the Light or the Moon or the Stars be not darkened nor the Clouds return after the Rain THe Preacher doth here farther describe negatively the fittest opportunity for the study of Reconciliation and Peace with God and withal doth more particularly describe the Miserie 's incident to Old Age as to the loss of outward Comforts and frequent returns of Diseases at that time This being clear and generally agreed upon by Interpreters to be the Scope of this place we need not be very anxious concerning the particular application of the Allegories here made use of to set forth this purpose First By the Darkening of the Sun the Light the Moon and Stars may be safely understood the ecclipsing or withdrawing of all earthly Comforts seing the Scripture sets out a comfortless state this way and it may comprehend particularly 1. The darkening of the dying Mans bodily Eyes And so 2. Of all external Lights to him as to any Comfort he may reap from them As also 3. The decaying of his Reason and such Faculties of his Soul as are in a manner answerable to the Celestial Lights And likewayes 4. The failing of all outward Comforts both greater and lesser It is clear the loss of all these accompanies dying Men and so they may be
out the humane Body which hath a Fountain of natural Life and Spirits within it and so many excellent Instruments to convoy and impart the same to the several parts of the Body all which at Death will be loosed and broken to peices And though this general Sense might be satisfactory and useful as to the Scope which is to stirr up Men to Remember their Creator before these noble Parts be decayed and it may be thought safe to enquire no farther anent the Particulars intended by every part of the Similitude considering that it seems now to be very uncertain by what Names these noble Parts of the Body the Heart Brain Liver and the like were called and distinguished one from another among the Hebrews in Solomon's time and by what Similitudes they were set out which make great diversity among Interpreters in expounding and applying of them And considering also that there are several of these Parts which may be represented by diverse parts of this Similitude yet we shall mention what is most universally agreed upon to be pointed at by the particulars of the Allegory here made use of And First By the silver Cord is meant the Marrow of the Back-bone compared to a silver Cord because much of the strength of the Body lyeth in it in so much as without it Men would creep upon the Earth as Worms do and because in colour it resembles a silver Cord the loosing of it is the weakening of it when the Spirits withdraw from it it becomes cold and loses the force of it The Similitude may also signify some of the prime Arteries or Strings of the Heart which thence convey the Vital Spirits to the Liver and other parts of the Body Secondly The golden Bowl is taken from that yellow thin Skin containing the Brain within the Skull which is broken when the Pores of it are much opened to let in the Air as falls out near the time of Death Thirdly The Pitcher at the Fountain is thought to point out a great hollow Vein somewhat in form or figure like a Pitcher which doth receive from the Liver here called the Cistren Nutriment now turned by the Liver into Blood to be conveyed to the rest of the Members and this is broken when it is obstructed or the operation and office of it impeded near the time of Death Fourthly By the Wheel at the Cistren are meant the Lungs the prime Instruments of the Breath and Voice which are set out by this Similitude because like the Wheel of a Fountain they are still in motion drawing down and sending up the Breath again as the Wheel is still sending down or drawing up the Bucket This Wheel is broken at the Cistren when thorow the abundance of watry Humours or Phlegm filling the Stomach they cease from their motion and operation and so brings Death Now the first Words of the Chapter are to be knit with this as with all the former to this purpose Remember thy Creator before this Case come and timously make Peace with Him that thou mayest have peace in this day Doct. 1. Men should not despise humane Learning and the knowledge or science of natural Things were it for no more but to help them to understand the Fabrick of their own Bodies And although every Man's Gift is not to be laid aside as to the publick imploying thereof because he wants such and such a measure of humane Learning seing the Lord hath made eminent use of some who wanted it Act. 4.13 as he hath done also of others who have been eminently endued therewith Act. 7.22 and 22.3 yet every Mans short-sightedness therein should humble him and move him to bestow some of his time for attaining to it especially considering that Mans Body is so wonderful a peice of Artifice that without the help of these Sciences which describe the same hardly can such Scriptures as this be made clear Ere the silver Cord be loosed c. 2. The Lord hath wisely ordered that Death should assault and take down this Tabernacle of our Body by degrees and loose at leasure the several Pinns thereof first weakening the out-works and then setting upon the inward that every Stroak and Assault may be a Warning for a farther and that when Men find their Hands trembling or their Legs enfeebled their Eyes dim or their Ears dull of Hearing they may prepare for an Assault upon the Heart and other noble Parts For after Solomon hath described the dissolution of several other parts of the Body he comes here to the inmost and most noble parts thereof that Men may be stirred up to Remember their Creator at least Ere the silver Cord be loosed or the golden Bowl be broken 3. All the Organs of the Body especially the more noble parts thereof are very excellent pieces of Work and to be so esteemed of not so much for the substance of them as for the Divine Art which is manifested in the framing of them and the excellent uses they serve for And therefore both these and the Powers and Faculties of the Soul which reside in and act by these are to be used holily Mans strength here mainly held out by the silver Cord should be esteemed more precious than to be spent upon his Lusts he should beware of filling this golden Bowl his Brain wherein these excellent Faculties his Imagination and Memory have their prime Residence with unclean ambitious revengeful Speculations and such like Immoralities and by Intemperance and Excess to spoil this Pitcher corrupt this Cistren and break this Wheel his Liver Lungs and other parts which may be signified by these Similitudes and so do what he can to be his own Destroyer Therefore are these parts of the Body set out here by such elegant Metaphors or Similitudes borrowed from very precious things The silver Cord the golden Bowl c. 4. These parts of the Body which are most excellent and durable are to be looked upon as very brittle and fading and therefore a House not made with Hands to be ensured and this frail Body only so far respected and cared for as it may be the more instrumental in doing the Lord Service while we have it Therefore are the most noble Parts of the Body here represented by A golden Bowl a Pitcher and a Wheel 5. While Men have some measure of Health and Strength they should consider that it will be no fit time for making their Peace and Acquaintance with God in Christ when Death shall be loosing the last Pinns of their Tabernacle these Powers and Faculties of the Soul which are mainly active in Knowing Believing Loving and Praising the Lord being then a decaying And therefore they should think it their true Wisdom timously to remember their Creator in the days of their Youth and strength ere the silver Cord be loosed c. or the Wheel broken at the Cistren Ver. 7. Then shall the Dust return to the Earth as it was and the Spirit shall return unto