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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A55335	The history of Polybius, the Megalopolitan containing a general account of the transactions of the world, and principally of the Roman people, during the first and second Punick wars : translated by Sir H.S. : to which is added, A character of Polybius and his writings by Mr. Dryden : the first volume.; Historiae. English	Polybius.; Dryden, John, 1631-1700. Character of Polybius and his writings.; Sheeres, Henry, Sir, d. 1710.	1698 (1698)	Wing P2787; ESTC R13675	386,363	841

which he thus manag'd Amphidamus chief of the Eleans who had been taken Prisoner at Thalamé whither he was retir'd as hath been told being brought among others to Olympia so wrought by the mediation of Friends that he was admitted to a Conference with the King in which Audience he persuaded him That it would be no difficult matter to procure him the Friendship of the Eleans and that he well knew by what means to effect it and make that People covet his Alliance The King being wrought to believe him forthwith discharg'd him without Ransom impow'ring him to assure the Eleans That on condition of their ent'ring into League with him all their Prisoners should be enlarg'd Ransom-free That he would protect their Country from Plunder and all the wasteful effects of War and confirm and preserve their rightful Liberties so as they should live in the entire enjoyment of all their Privileges and be exempt both from Garrisons and Tribute And now albeit these Overtures contain'd so much favour and might be thought sufficient to engage them nevertheless the Eleans would not be drawn to listen to them but remain'd immovable This incidence arm'd Apelles with Calumnies against the Aratuses who charg'd them with Insincerity to the King and that they did not as they ought serve the Interest of the League in which they were engag'd with the Macedonians telling the King if the Eleans had shewn any aversion to his Friendship it was wholly due to the Artifices of the Aratuses That in short upon Amphidomus's departure from Olympia towards Elis they took an occasion to have Conference with him and so prevail'd that he became of another Mind and chang'd his Purpose being by them persuaded That it would be in no wise for the Interest of the Peloponnesians that King Philip should acquire any Power over the Eleans and that this was the cause why the Eleans receiv'd the King's Proposals so coldly and persisted in their Confederacy with the Aetolians and endur'd so patiently the Mischiefs they suffer'd from the Macedonians As soon as Philip had heard these things he order'd the two Aratuses to be sent for to the end he might confront them with their Accuser who should be oblig'd to charge them to their Faces with these Matters whereof they had been accus'd to him in private Whereupon they came and heard what Apelles had to say who charg'd them roundly and with great assurance and a Countenance full of Menaces adding in the King's Presence who had not yet spoken That since the King had discover'd their Ingratitude to him and that they had render'd themselves so unworthy of his good Offices he had therefore deliberated on calling an Assembly of the Achaians to whom he would impart the Cause and then return with his Army into Macedon Whereupon the elder Aratus reply'd praying the King not over-hastily to give credit to what he heard and that whensoever he should stand accus'd of any Matters to him by any Friend or Ally he would vouchsafe to fift● and examine every thing with Caution before he came to believe a Calumnious Impeachment against him That furthermore as it became the Justice of a Prince so to do so the thing in it self was advantageous to him That in the mean time it would be but fair-dealing in Apelles to cause those Persons to be produc'd who were Witnesses to the Conference whereof he had been accus'd and the Person likewise himself who had given Apelles the Information That in short nothing ought to be omitted whereby the King might arrive at the certain Truth of the Matter before he should determine to discover any thing thereof in the Assembly of the Achaians The King became of Aratus's Mind and reply'd That he would not in any wise resolve hastily but would carefully first inform himself in every particular of the Matter and thereupon dismiss'd the Company Not long after this Controversie over and above that Apelles never produc'd any Proof of the Accusation a chance happen'd which greatly favour'd the Cause of Aratus Amphidamus falling under suspicion of the Eleans about the Time Philip was wasting their Country they had therefore form'd a Design to secure his Person and sending him Prisoner to the Aetolians But he having some suspicion of their Purpose withdrew himself and escap'd first to Olympia afterwards being inform'd that the King intended to remain some Days at Dymas where he divided the Booty he departed from thence and came thither to him Aratus was well pleas'd with the Escape and Arrival of Amphidamus he therefore with the assurance of an innocent Man pray'd the King to order him to be brought to his Presence who without Controversie would be best able of all others rightly to inform him he being a principal Person to whom the Secret was said to be imparted adding That there could be no doubt of his Sincerity in the Relation he should give considering he had been compell'd now to abandon his Country on the score of the King and had no other recourse but to him This Request of Aratus was thought but reasonable wherefore Amphidamus was brought to the King by whom the untruth of the Accusation was made to appear This prov'd the occasion that the Good will of King Philip grew now more and more towards Aratus whom he held in very great consideration and on the contrary of his change towards Apelles whom he came by degrees to dislike Howbeit he dissembled that and many other things all he could through the long possession of Power he had acquir'd with him In the mean time Apelles neglects not to pursue his Design prevailing to have Taurion who was Governour for the King in Peloponnesus to be remov'd from that Trust not by any Accusation he preferr'd against him but more artfully by praising his Abilities and that it was for the King 's better Service to have him present with him in his Wars and Expeditions when his meaning was to have it in his Power to provide a Governour of his own stamp in Peloponnesus Thus by this new way are Praises converted into Calumnies and Men are undone by Recommendation A malicious refin'd Artifice forg'd and put in practice by those who live in the Courts of Princes the effects of Jealousie and Ambition Furthermore Apelles took all occasions to diminish the Credit of Alexander with the King who had the Command of his Guards to the end he might have it in his Power likewise to dispose of that Place and to conclude all in a word bent his utmost Endeavours to introduce a total Change in the establish'd Order of Government which had been left by Antigonus tho' that Prince while he liv'd rul'd the Kingdom and the young King with great Wisdom and at his Death provided as wisely for every thing For in his Will he left his Reasons to the Macedonians of the whole Method of his Conduct and laid down Rules and Prescriptions for their future Government appointing to whom the administration

hand we weigh their Designs and Enterprises and the blind and shallow Administration of their Affairs in all things we shall see nothing therein that doth not justly beget our Contempt for the Gauls are ever transported by Heat and Fury never conducted by Reason and Council we will not say for the most part but in all their Determinations And now having related how soon after they were beaten from their Seats in the Neighbourhood of the Po some few places excepted under the Alpes we therefore held it but reasonable to relate how they came first into Italy what they did afterwards and in a word how they were at length totally exterminated For it seems to me to be the Duty of an Historian to instruct future Times in these memorable Events which are no other than the Sports and Entertainments of Fortune lest Posterity thro' want of due Information should be to seek for Examples to fortifie their Minds against the frequent and temerarious Descents of these Barbarians Furthermore Instruction may be gather'd by the Example now before us how certainly they may be repell'd where they are resisted with Resolution and that we ought to suffer every thing rather than yield to them in any thing And there is no doubt but those who have oblig'd Posterity with the Relation of the Persians Expedition into Greece and the Attempt of the Gauls upon Delphos gave great Light to the Greeks in their Designs afterwards of rescuing their Countries Liberty For if the mighty things perform'd by them were duly weigh'd what Myriads of Men and what wonderful Preparations were lost and defeated by the single Vertue of a few who had a right Knowledge in the Art of War and were led by the Conduct of Reason There would be no Force so great nor Armies so numerous that might not be resisted And who would not run any Hazard and suffer any Extremity to win Glory and redeem his Coutry In short the Greeks were not molested only in the Days of our Fore-fathers but even frequently in our Times which was in part my Motive for giving the World this short History of the Acts of that People and albeit it be but an Epitome it comprehends at least their Story from the beginning of their Enterprises But it is now time to remember from whence we have digress'd After Asdrubal the Carthaginian General had govern'd in Spain for the space of eight Years he was treacherously murder'd in his Tent by a certain Gaul provok'd by some Injury he had receiv'd This Leader had greatly augmented the Dominion of the Carthaginians not only by Force of Arms but by his Wisdom and the Gentleness whereby he gain'd and attracted the Good-will of many Princes of that Nation After his Death notwithstanding the Youth of Hannibal the Carthaginians made him his Successour in the Govenment of Spain who among his other promising Qualities gave Indications of an extraordinary Courage and Greatness of Mind and was no sooner confirm'd in his Government but it was easie to foresee by his Actions and Councils that he meditated a War with the Romans which in effect soon after came to pass The Romans and Carthaginians were already on Terms of Jealousie and Provocations had been mutually given by Injuries done on either side The Carthaginians on their part could not digest their Loss of Sicily which they long'd to revenge and secretly laid their Designs to effect it while the Romans who were not without Intelligence of their Practices were on their Guard insomuch as it was now visible to every Eye that it could not be long before a War would break out between those two States It was likewise about the same Period of Time that the Achaians and King Phillip with the rest of the Confederates ingag'd in a War against the Aetolians which was call'd the War of the Allies But since we have already treated of the Affairs of Sicily and Africk and touch'd what was memorable therein and pursuant to the Method we have propos'd are now arriv'd at the said Confederate War and the second that was wag'd between the Romans and Carthaginians call'd by some the War of Hannibal where we promis'd should be the Commencement of our History it will therefore be necessary without entertaining the Reader with farther Digression that we come now to set down the Occurrences of Greece to the end that having previously and summarily made the Way plain before us by reducing the general Account of Affairs to one and the same Period of Time we may thence take the Beginning of the General History we have especially undertaken to write wherein the Causes will be found very visible which have produc'd so wonderful Effects Furthermore in regard our Design is not laid to write the Story and Adventures of any one single or particular Nation as some have done that of the Greeks and others of the Persians but on the contrary since we have determin'd to make a General History of Occurrences in all those Parts of the World that have fallen under our Observation it will not be therefore unprofitable to Discourse principally of those Places and People that are most Eminent and Remarkable inasmuch as because the present Age sufficiently furnishes Materials for that Work and in case we do not inlarge on that Subject here we shall however supply it else-where Touching the Asiaticks and the Aegyptians it may suffice to Treat of their Affairs no higher than from our own Times since their Story of remoter Date has been already the Subject of divers Authors to to which every one may have Recourse And indeed they have seen so few Revolutions and Changes of Fortune of late that there will be no need to resort to distant Accounts to be enlightned in their Affairs On the other hand the History of the Achaians and the Royal Family of Macedon will require a necessary Recourse to Antiquity in regard the latter is now quite extinguish'd and the other by their good Conduct and Intelligence risen to a marvellous Height of Prosperity For tho' it hath been the Argument of many heretofore to perswade the Peloponnesians to a Union for their common Defence and Safety which could not however be brought to pass inasmuch as those who have seem'd to contend therein could never relinquish their own Interests and Advancement while they deliberated for the Publick Wherefore this Felicity was reserv'd for our Days and is accomplish'd in such a manner as that they are not only United by a firm Alliance but the better to fasten the Bond of Union their Laws are now the same as also their Mony Weights and Measures furthermore they have the same Magistrates the same Council and the same Judges So that to comprize all in one Word Peloponnesus is not one entire City and Corporation only because one Wall does not Begirt and Environ it every thing else is Uniform throughout all their Cities And it would be no fruitless Curiosity to enquire why and for what

of Affairs should be committed and aiming by all means possible so to settle the Kingdom as to leave no motive of Dissention or Discord among the Ministers and others whom they should employ Wherefore he nominated Apelles for one of the young King's Tutors who at that time was jointly trusted with him in other Matters To Leontius he gave the Command of the Buckler-men Megalea was made Secretary Taurion was appointed Governour of Peloponnesus and Alexander had the Command of the King's Guards But in conclusion Megalea and Leontius being Creatures of Apelles he dispos'd them as he pleas'd and therefore set all his Arts at work to remove Alexander and Taurion from Authority that himself might have the Power or execute it by instruments of his own all which Designs he had in great likelihood brought to pass had he not engag'd in that secret War with Aratus Wherefore he came at length to feel the smart of his Folly and reap'd the Wages of his Ambition it being his Lot to suffer those Evils he was preparing for others But we will not prosecute his Story here but leave to another place the recital of the manner and reasons of all that befel him it being now time to put an end to this Book In conclusion then after these things were brought to pass which we have been relating King Philip return'd to Argos where he spent the Winter among his Friends sending in the mean time his Army into Macedon Finis Lib. IV. POLYBIUS'S General History OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE WORLD VOL. II. BOOK V. THE Year of the younger Aratus's Praetorship expir'd about the time of the * The beginning of April rising of the Pleiades for so the Achaians computed who was succeeded by Eperatus Dorimachus holding then that Trust in Aetolia About the same time Hannibal having openly declar'd War against the Romans departed from New-Carthage and passing the River Eber enter'd on the execution of his Design and began his march towards Italy While at Rome Tiberius Sempronius was dispatch'd towards Africk and Pub. Cornelius Scipio towards Spain at the Head of their Armies Furthermore Antiochus and Ptolomy coming to despair by Conferences and Embassies to compose the Differences that were grown between them about the Lower Syria had likewise enter'd into Hostility one with another As to King Philip he coming to want Money and Provisions for his Army had convocated by their Magistrates the Assembly of the Achainas which according to custom was held at Aegium Where perceiving Aratus ill satisfy'd with the Practices of Apelles had willingly resign'd his Authority and finding Eperatus unqualify'd for business and in no esteem with the People he came at length to discern the foul play of Apelles and Leontius which renew'd his esteem for Aratus whom he now consider'd more than ever Not long after having prevail'd with the Magistrates that their next Convention should be at Sicyon he there had private Conference with the two Aratus's and imputing all that had pass'd to the Artifices of Apelles pray'd them to forget their Wrongs and continue him in the same degree of Affection as heretofore Whereupon coming to a new Accord the King went to the Assembly where without difficulty he obtain'd by their procurement all he defir'd towards the furtherance of his Affairs The Achaians then decreed That as soon as the Army should begin to march fifty Talents should be advanc'd to the King being three Months pay to the Army together with Ten Thousand Measures of Corn. And it was also further resolv'd That while the King made War in Person in Peloponnesus he should receive seventeen Talents Monthly After these Acts of the Assembly they separated and retir'd to their respective Cities And now when the Army began to move from their Winter-Quarters it was resolv'd by the King in Council to prosecute the War likewise by Sea concluding it to be the only means whereby to surprize and attack the Enemy from all Quarters by making descents and invading them where their Towns were distant and remote from Succour whereby every one would be oblig'd to consult their own single Safety through the uncertainty of their Motions and it would be in their power to carry their Arms with more case whithersoever they should judge it most expedient for they had to do at once with the Aetolians Lacedaemonians and Eleans After this had been resolv'd the King order'd the Fleet both his own and the Achaian Ships to Rendezvous at the Port of Lechoeum where he commanded the Soldiers of the Macedonian Phalanx to be exerciz'd and instructed in the use of the Oar for the Macedonians apply themselves cheerfully to every thing and learn with facility whatsoever they go about And in short are no less brave and active by Sea than by Land No People indure Hardship better or are more patient of Labour whether it be in their Fortifications and Encampments or any other painful or hardy Employments incident to the Life of a Soldier In conclusion Hesiod seems to give us their Picture in his Character of the Aeacidoe To whom soft Ease and Lust less Pleasure yield Than Martial Toils and Perils of the Field While King Philip and the Macedonians remain'd at Corinth employ'd about their Naval Preparations Apelles who could not brook the diminution of his Credit nor work any change in the Mind of his Master enter'd into Compact with Leontius and Megaleas with whom it was agreed that they on their part who were to act in the Army about the King should labour with their best Arts secretly to thwart and obstruct him in all his Designs while he making his abode at Chalcis would take care so to shorten and retard his Supplies of every thing from all Parts that he should be so streighten'd on that side that the want of Necessaries to the advancing his Expeditions should be a great impediment to his Progress After Matters had been thus concerted between them this crafty old Courtier soon found reasons whereby to dispose the King to approve of his Voyage to Chalcis whither he went and where he perform'd Articles so punctually with the other two that he brought the King under such streights that he became constrain'd to pawn his Plate to supply his Wants As soon as the Naval Army was drawn together and it was thought the Macedonians were now sufficiently exercis'd and instructed in the management of the Oar the King causing Bread and Pay to be distributed to the Soldiers embark'd with Six Thousand Macedonians and Twelve Hundred Mercenaries and steer'd his Course towards Patroe where he arriv'd the next Day after his departure from Corinth About the same time Dorimachus the Aetolian Praetor dispatch'd Agelaus and Scopas with Five Hundred new rais'd Candiots to the Aid of the Eleans For these being under some apprehension that the King had some design on Cyllene had taken Foreign Troops into their Pay and levied others of their own Subjects and took care to Fortify and