write any lies but that which I write is as true as strange When I returned into England some foure yeeres after I would not open the barrell I sent from Prage nor looke on the paper Booke in which I had written this dreame till I had called my sisters and some friends to be witnesses where my selfe and they were astonished to see my written dreame answere the very day of my Fathers death I may lawfully sweare that which my kinsmen haue heard witnessed by my brother Henry whilst he liued that in my youth at Cambridge I had the like dreame of my Mothers death where my brother Henry lying with me early in the morning I dreamed that my mother passed by with a sad countenance and told me that shee could not come to my commencement I being within fiue moneths to proceed Master of Arts and shee hauing promised at that time to come to Cambridge And when I related this dreame to my brother both of vs awaking together in a sweat he protested to me that he had dreamed the very same and when wee had not the least knowledge of our Mothers sickenesse neither in our youthfull affections were any whit affected with the strangenesse of this dreame yet the next Carrier brought vs word of our mothers death Being as I haue said certified of my Fathers death at Nurnberg and thinking not fit to goe on my iourney into Italy and yet being loath to returne into England before I had finished my purposed voyage I tooke the middle counsell to returne into the Low Countries that in those neere places I might dispose of my small patrimony for in England gentlemen giue their younger sonnes lesse then in forraine parts they giue to their bastards and so might leaue the same in the hands of some trusty friend Yet lest I should loose the opportunity of seeing Augsburg meaning to returne some other way into Italy I resolued to goe from hence to Augsburg and then to crosse ouer the West parts of Germany and so to passe along the Riuer Rhein into the Low Countries To Augsburg being two dayes iourney and a halfe I hired of the City Carrier in whose company I went an Horse for two Dollors as I remember The Merchants of Nurnberg and Augsburg giue pensions to eight of these Carriers daily passing betweene those Cities besides the profit they make of letters and other things they carry by horse The first day after breake-fast we rode one mile in a thicke wood and another mile through sandy corne fields somewhat wooddy both in the territory of the Nurnbergers and foure miles more in the territory of the Margraue of Anspach to Blinfield where each man paid for his supper and horse meat sixe batzen The second day we rode foure miles to Monheime through a wood of Iuniper full of blacke berries and barberies at the end whereof was a free City called Wassenberge and after through fruitfull hils and valleies of corne all the territory excepting the free City belonging to the Marshall of the Emperour not of the Empire when we came almost to our iourneies end the Carrier had a guide giuen him according to custome for theeues vsing to lie by that way Monheime belongs to the Phaltz-graue of Newburg being of the family of the Phaltz-graues of Rhein and there we paid each man for his dinner and horse-meat thirty foure creitzers which make eight batzen and a halfe and there we tasted Iuniper wine which I neuer remember to haue tasted else where After dinner we rode two miles and a halfe through fruitfull hils of corne and a small wood of Okes though all the woods of vpper Germany be commonly of firre bearing greene leaues all winter as those of inferiour Germany towards Denmarke be all of Okes. By the way we passed a Monastery granted to the Phaltzgraue of Rhein by the Emperour and a free City of the Empire called Donaward of the two Riuers Danow Werd meeting there and there we passed by bridge the Danow running by the City Then wee rode to Weschendorff two miles and a halfe more through fruitfull fields of corne pastures the Country belonging to the Fugares Citizens of Augsburg to diuers other Lords The Castle of this place belongs to the said Fugares who are rich famous for their treasure though they haue princely reuenues the title of barons yet stil are merchants here each man paid for his supper hors-meat 8. batzen a half The third day in the morning we rode three miles to Augsburg through a fruitfull plaine of corne without the wals whereof on the East and North and some part of the South sides the fields are drowned with waters and men passe to the Citie by causies for on these sides the ground lieth low but on the West side is all the beauty of the City where the houses are seated vpon a hill and ther is a place for the Merchants to meet called the Berle and likewise the Senate house in the street Weingasse so called of the Wine cellars There also be many Pallaces stately built of the Fugares and other Citizens all the building is of free stone sixe or seuen roofes high but in other parts it is more poorely built of timber and clay On this West part of the City is the Gate called Kuknerthore and the ditches are dry as they be round about the City the wals are of stone which being on all other sides narrow are on this side broad for vpon the wals of this side there be little houses built for fiue hundred Garrison Souldiers to dwell in with their wiues and families which place is vulgarly called Die schwang Here the Souldiers keep watch each three daies by turne each of them haue for pay six guldens by the moneth and there is a market place whether the Souldiers vpon any difference vse to challenge each other On this West side is another gate vulgarly called Der Einlasse by which passengers are receiued into the City by night when the gates are shut and this their entrance is so curiously admitted as many strangers desirous to see the fashion suffer themselues of purpose to be locked out at night and willingly giue a reward to the souldiers letting them in when they receiue in those that are shut out diuers gates are opened and no man being seene to open them are presently shut on the back of them that come in then they being thus shut as it were in a prison a box is put downe to them in which they cast a reward which done the Watch-men out of win dowes behold each man that is to enter and so being safe from all treason let them passe by the last gate into the City On the South side there be two gates Roatthore and Smitbogenthore on the East side the gate Iacoberthore and a little gate called Holeblatten-thorelin On the East side the Riuer Werda the Brooke Lecca running towards the North in three
losse and as they esteeme it disgrace they become so many enemies to me many of them clamorous against me my proceedings And whereas by some of your L ps letters it pleased you to let me know that your sending many Captaines proceedeth from my recommending of many vnto you I do humbly assure your L ps that almost all which came ouer were strangers to me if the rest haue had letters from me I wrote them at their request onely to testifie that they had behaued thēselues no otherwise then honestly here which was the least I could afford them when I was forced to take away their Companies But if her Maiestie expect an abatement of her Lyst I beseech your L ps to consider my hard condition For if I discharge such as you send ouer I doe not onely become odious vnto them but offend many of your Lordships by whose fauour they obtained that charge And if I discharge such old Captaines as I found here and of whose sufficiency I haue since had continuall experience by their often aduenturing their bloud and liues I should not onely returne vnto her Maiestie importunate sutors armed with good iustice to craue reward but my selfe should incurre the same and more iust dislike of them and their friends But that which for her Maiesties seruice grieueth me most is that I should thereby disinable my selfe hereafter to doe her Maiestie that seruice which heretofore I haue done and next vnto God must attribute to their valour and sufficiency For touching the Irish by whose discharge I meane to make no small abatement I haue heretofore laboured by vnsensible degrees to deminish that charge and I will chuse a fit time fully to effect it the sudden doing whereof might cause rather an increase then decrease of her Maiesties charge We haue lately recommended some of the incorporate Townes here to your Lordships and may happily haue occasion to doe the like to draw them if it might bee to a more affectionate furtherance of the seruice at the least to hold them with some contentment though indeed they haue not affoarded vs that helpe that they both might and ought Yet our meaning was not thereby to presse your Lordships to any inlargement of their Franchises for which happily they will thereupon be sutors for we confesse truly to your Lordships that we think these Corporate Townes in generall haue already too great and too many priuiledges and immunities vnlesse they better knew or would more readily endeuour to deserue them which we thought meete at this time to giue your Lordships a taste of least they might otherwise make that vse of our letters that we intended not Further we desire that your Lordships will perswade her Maiestie to resolue presently to make Cittadels in the chiefest of these Townes without which we shal neuer bring them to performe their duties And so c. Don Iean whether with or without authoritie giuen him from Spaine I know not had often discoursed with the Lord Deputy during their abode together at Corke that it was no vnlikely or difficult worke to make Peace betweene England and Spaine yea he went so farre as to vrge the Lord Deputy to deale therein But his Lordship onely made answere that he knew her Maiestie to be graciously inclined to hold good amity with all Christian Princes yet as she was confident in her owne power so she was in all things iealous of her Honor and especially in that point wherein her Royall meaning had not bin intertained with the like by the State of Spaine whence we had receiued such ill measure in all our late treaties to that purpose as all men were discouraged to be any more made instruments therein Whereupon Don Iean sware vnto his Lordship that as he left the State of Spaine affected vpon his knowledge it was then a thing easie to effect and a thing much desired of them to haue firme Peace betweene England and Spaine And he further added that if vpon his arriuall in Spaine finding things to stand in the same condition he did at the returne of our ships thence giue his Lordship any inckling thereof then vpon his reputation his Lordship dealing with the State of England in that matter should loose no honour thereby The Lord Deputie hitherto had done no more then answere Don Ieans proposition in ciuill tearmes wherein hee had spoken no more then any priuate man might lawfully haue done if he had licence to confer with him yet lest he might be thought to haue exceeded his Commission in this nice discourse and hauing good reasons to imagine that as God many times doth worke by vnlikely yea by contrary meanes so hee and Don Iean out of then Commission to make warre one vpon the other might proue Commissioners for making a Peace his Lordship aduertised thus much to Master Secretary in England praying to haue further warrant and instructions if it were thought fit hee should further proceede therein But by Don Ieans silence from Spaine this ouerture passed as a dreame and tooke no effect as long as the Queene liued The foure and twentieth day of March being the last day after the English writing of the yeere 1601 the Lord Deputie and Counsell being at Kilkenny and intertained by the Earle of Ormond in his house wrote this following letter to the Lords in England IT may please your Lordships hauing certaine intelligence since our comming to this place that Don Iean with all the rest of the Spaniards departed from Kinsale on Tuesday the 16 hereof and that the wind since that time hath serued them so well as we assure our selues by this they are neere the Coast of Spaine wee thought fit hereby to giue your Lordships notice therof that you may know we are free now of them all Since our being here there hath been brought in a notorious rebell one William Mac Hubbard lately taken in Vpperossery who of late hath done great spoiles and murders in these parts more then any other so as we haue caused him to bee executed in this Towne to the great terror of many About the same time that he was executed a sonne of Garret Mac Mortaghes named Moris Mac Garret died of a hurt lately giuen him in fight who was a most dangerous young man like to trouble all the Countrie The death of these two Rebels as also of a notorious Rebell by birth of Mounster lately slaine called Dermot Mac Awlye who was an inward man and a great practising instrument with Tyrone will greatly quiet all these parts and your Lordships can hardly thinke what a great change wee finde already by their so happy and timely cutting off And as for Sir Fynneen O Dryscoll O Donneuan and the two sonnes of Sir Owen Mac Carty they and their followers since their comming in are growne very odious to the rebels of those parts and are so well diuided in factions among themselues as they are failen to preying and killing one
the Citie There is great art for a Traueller to conceale his Religion in Italy and Spaine with due wisdome and without offending his conscience for if a man would seeme as I may say a Puritan Papist which sort they call piachia petti that is Brest-beaters there is danger to fall into the suspition of an Hypocrite For the Italians well know Chi te carezzapin che far ' no' suole O Che gabbato t' ba O che gabbar ' te vuole Who more then he was wont doth court and woe He hath deceiu'd thee or faine would so doe And they haue often read that of Tacitus Quo magis ficta sunt quae faciunt eò plura faciunt The more any doe dissemble The more to doe they are nimble Also the Traueller must beware not to fall into such errors as I obserued two of my familiar friends yet in a safe place and free of danger grossely to fall into Of which one being a German and liuing in the State of Florence when hee returned after dinner to his lodging and his hostesse asked where hee had been made answer that hee came from hearing of a Masse whereas Masses are onely sung in the morning and when the Priests are fasting The other being an Englishman and going to Rome in a disguised habit did weare apparrell of so many colours and so strange fashions as by the same being most strange and vncomely not onely in the sight of his owne Countrymen but also of the Italians he drew the eyes of all Iesuites and Romans vpon him so as they began to inquire after him and he hardly escaped thence by speedy flight and when they pursued him had fallen into their snares if he had not been forewarned of his danger by an Italian friend To these I will adde a third who being an Englishman and by freedome of speech voluntarily professing himselfe a Frenchman was discouered by me at that time also disguised and by chance falling into his company but hee learning at that time that nothing was more safe then silence afterwards escaped dangers into which otherwise he might easily haue fallen My selfe liued in Italy and for the space of one yeere neuer heard a Masse but daily I went out of my chamber in the morning as if I had gone to the Masse At my very first comming into Italy I presently went to Rome and Naples and so at my first enterance passed my greatest dangers that hauing satisfied my curiositie if perhaps in my returne I should happen to feare any danger I might more contentedly and speedily escape away For they who stay at Paduoa some moneths and after goe to Rome may be sure that the Iesuites and Priests there are first by their spies aduertised not onely of their comming but also of their condition and the most manifest signes of their bodies whereby they may bee knowne Moreouer I being at Rome in Lent time it happened that some few dayes before Easter a Priest came to our lodging and tooke our names in writing to the end as he told vs that we might receiue the Sacrament with our Hosts family Therefore I went from Rome vpon Tuseday before Easter and came to Sienna vpon good Friday and vpon Easter-euen pretending great busines tooke my iourney to Florence where I staied onely Easter day and from thence went to Pisa and before the ende of Easter weeke returned in haste to Sienna where I had a Chamber which I kept when I was at Rome and where I meant now to abide for a time Thus by often changing places I auoyded the Priests inquiring after mee which is most dangerous about Easter time when all men receiue the Sacrament Yet indeede there is lesse danger of the Inquisition in the State of Florence then other where as there is no danger thereof at all in the State of Venice to him that can hold his peace and behaue himselfe modestly One thing I cannot omit that some few dayes before Easter when I was ready to come from Rome I aduentured to visit Bellarmine and that in the lesuites Colledge professing my selfe to bee a Frenchman and wearing Italian clothes and that after their manner which is a matter of no small moment for if I had not been wary therein the crastie spies of Rome would easily haue knowne mee by some gesture or fashion of wearing my clothes which they know to bee proper to the English as the muffling a mans face with his cloke or the like But especially I tooke heede not to gase on the Colledge walles a manifest signe of a stranger nor to looke stedfastly in the face of any Englishman chancing to meete mee whereof some were like to haue knowne mee in the Vniuersitie of Cambridge least by such beholding of them I might draw their eyes to looke earnestly on mee for one looke inuites another And with these cautions I did happily satisfie this my curiositie Also vpon good iudgement I made my selfe knowne to Cardinall Allan when I first came from Naples to Rome and when hee had promised mee his protection holding my peace and abstaining from publike offence I rested thereupon for the worst euents yet withall to auoide the conuersation and familiaritie of Priests and Englishmen yea euen of those that were of the Cardinals family I first left the common Inne then changed my hired chamber taking another in a poore house close vnder the Popes Pallace as a place least like to be searched I doe not commend the curiositie to be present at seeing the rites of a contrary Religion which was the death of two young men and gaue occasion to the first Macedonian warre the people of Rome assisting the murtherers and the King of Macedon desiring to reuenge the death of the two young men Informertimes and now to this day the Turkes vse to fling stones at the Christians whom they call vnwashed dogs because they vse not Baths when they come neere to their Moschees or their Sepulchers The Papists doe no lesse persecute the Reformed Church with fier and sword And howsoeuer one of the Reformed profession may liue in Italy and yet neuer communicate with them in their rites by the foresaid gouerning of the tongue by going out of his chamber each morning as if hee went to Masse for the Italians generally thinke they are not safe till in the morning they haue worshipped the Hostia at the eleuation thereof which their deuotion is done in a moment and by changing places of abode with like discreete carriage yet since it is dangerous to see their rites yea perhaps sinfull why should he not restraine his curiosity to heare their Masses see their cerimonies especially all the monuments of the Churches being to be seene at another time of the day But if any will needs be present at their Masses either to please his companions or for his owne pleasure as going to see a stage-play or for curiositie wherewith many are led Of two euils he must chuse the
Countrey Graced with Titles and Magistracy With his Learning he made Venice happy These things I say are in these Churches most remarkeable The second sextary on this side the channell vulgarly I l sestiero di Castello hath the name of the Castle Oliuolo which seated towards the sea may seeme to be diuided from the Citie yet it is ioyned thereto by a long bridge Of old it was a City by it selfe and therefore the Dukes Throne being established in the Iland Realto the Bishops seat was made here who is inuested by the Duke and was consecrated by the Patriarke of Grado till that being extinguished this was raised to the dignity of a Patriarke in the yeere 1450. In the Cathedrall Church of Saint Peter this is written vpon the Chappell in Latine Who ere thou be that approachest worship Within these grates of Iron the crosse is inclosed that is adorned with three haires of the beard of Christ with a naile the cup in which he drunke to his Disciples and with a peece of the true Crosse c. This Patriarcall seat hath two old pulpits of marble the monuments of the Bishops and Patriarkes which with the adioining Pallace of the Patriarkes are the most remarkeable things thereof In the Church of Iohn Baptist in Bragola many curious pictures the sepulcher of that Saint guilded ouer the Image of Christ the pictures of the lesse Altar especially that of Christ baptised that of Saint Hellen that of Christs resurrection and the liuely picture of Christ sitting with his Apostles at his last supper In the Church of Saint Mary Formosa this inscription is read Vincentius Capellus most skilful in Nauigation and Prefect of the Gallies nolesse praised of old who receiued signes of honour from Henry the seuenth King of Britany c. There vpon the great and very faire Altar the Images of the foure Euangelists and vpon the top that of Christs resurrection and of two Angels In the Church Saint Marina the statua on horsebacke erected by the Senate to Tadeo della volpe of Imola and the great Altar with the pillars of prophry In the Church of Saint Leone the Images of Saint Ierome of Christ at supper with his Disciples of Iohn the Euangelist and Saint Michaell all painted by the hands of most skilfull workemen In the Church of Saint Anthony foure most faire Altars in the second whereof the Image of Christ and in the third rich with excellent pillars the History of ten thousand Martyres painted and in the fourth the espousals of the blessed Virgin areal painted with singular Art and a foot statua erected by the Senate to Victor Pisanus In the Church of Saint Dominicke the library and pictures of the Altars In the Church of Saint Francis di Paola many things giuen vpon vow and hung vpon the wals In that of Saint Francis della vigna a very faire and stately Church the Altar of the Chappell belonging to the Family Grimani and the pictures brasen images of the same and in the Chappell of the Family Dandoli the picture of Saint Laurence martyred and in the Chappell of the Iustiniani being very rich the Images of the foure Euangelists and twelue Prophets In the Chappell of our Lady the monument of Marke Anthony Morosini Knight and Procurator famous in the warre which the French King Lewis the twelth made in Lombardy and thrice Ambassador from the State also the famous library of this monastery and the bels which they say were brought out of England after Queene Maries death In the Church of the Saints Iohn and Paul being one of the chiefe Churches the situation the architecture the pictures and the monuments of sixteene Dukes and another of Marke Anthony Bragadini who hauing defended the Iland Cyprus from the Turkes when they tooke it had his skinne fleed off by the command of the tyrant against his faith in the yeere 1571. Also three horsemens statuaes one to Leonardo de Prato Knight of Rhodes another to Nichola Orsino Count of Pitiglia both erected in the Church the third for greater honour erected in the market place to Bartholmeo Coleoni of Bergamo for his good seruice to the State in their Warres all three crected by the Senate Also a foot statua erected by the Senate to Deunys Naldo a most valiant Commander of their foote and the stately sepulcher of Iames de Cauallis and the Chappell of the Rossary magnificall in the architecture in rare marbles in the art of engrauers and excellent pictures especially that of Christ crucified In the Church of Saint Mary delle Virgini a Cloyster of Nunnes built by the Dukes and belonging to them by speciall right two marble sepulchers In the Church Saint Gioseppe the admirable monument of the Germani with admirable Images engrauen of the Duke Grimani created and his Dutchesse Morosini crowned and the like curiously wrought also the Image of Christ transfigured and another of Christ buried are the most remarkeable things And whereas the grauen images of this Church be of rare beauty they say that the chiefe of them were brought out of England after the death of Queene Mary In the Church of Saint Fustina a parish Church and yet the chiefe cloyster of Nunnes twice rebuilt by the family Morosini two curious statuaes of marble of Paros In the Church of the Holy sepulcher being a cloyster of Nunnes the sepulcher of Christ like that at Ierusalem of ophites and like stones In Saint Zachary a cloyster of Nunnes the pall of the Virgin painted another like it in the chappell the sepulcher or Altar vnder which the said Saint father to Iohn Baptist is laid and at the backe of the great Altar three sepulchers of Porphry and Ophyts the stones of the great Altar and the stately architecture of the Church are the things most remarkeable and the same cloyster hath great reuenues In generall vnderstand that the Churches are for the most part built of bricke and some few of free stone though they be so couered with Marbles and like stones as the bricke or free stone is scarce seene in the inside In the Priory of S t Iohn belonging of old to the Templary Knights now to the Knights of Rhodes or Malta it is remarkeable that the reuenues thereof be great and that the Priory is giuen by the Pope which Paul the third gaue to the Cardinall Saint Angelo his nephew for so they call their bastards whom Alexander the Cardinall of Farness succeeded yet not as Cardinall but as Knight of Malta and after him the Pope gaue it to the Cardinall Ascanio Colonna And the most remarkable things in the Church are the pall of the great Altar the supper of our Lord painted the picture of Christ speaking with the woman of Samaria and that of Herods banquet when he gaue Iohn Baptists head to Herodia The Greeke Church belongs to this sextary built in Rio di San ' Lorenzo The almes-house Saint Lazero feeds foure hundred or fiue hundred poore people
for all that beg are sent thither and they haue many of these houses These are the most remarkeable things in the Churches of this sextary The third sextary or sixth part of the City on this side the channell meaning towards the gulfe of Venice vulgarly is called Ilsestiero di Canaregio of the canes or pipes which they were wont to vse in the building of ships In the Church of the Prophet Ieremy built by three families Morosini Malipieri and Runandi the sepulcher of Saint Magnus who built eight Churches when the City was first founded and the Image of the blessed Virgin much adored In the Church of Saint Marciali the Images aswel of the great Altar as of the Altar of Angelo Raphaeli In the Apostles Church where excellent sermons are made in the Lent the carued Image of our Lady vpon the Altar and her picture vpon the same painted by Saint Luke In the Church of Saint Iohn Chrysostome the pictures of three Theologicall vertues of Saint Marke and the carued Images of the Virgin and the Apostles In the Church of Saint Giob the ingrauing of the chappell of the Grimani and of the Altar of the Foscari the picture of Christ in the garden with his Apostles sleeping and the pictures of the next Altar namely that of the Virgin Saint Sabastian and Saint Giob In the Church of Saint Mary de serui the pictures of the great Altar especially of the Virgins assumption and also of the Virgins Altar and of Saint Augustins Altar especiall that of the wise men adoring Christ and the carued Images of another Altar the Marble sepulcher of Duke Andrea Vendramini being the fairest of all other in the City and the Oratory of the banished men of Lucea who first brought into this City the weauing of silke and of whom many were made Gentlemen of Venice In the Church of Saint Mary del ' Orto the huge Image of Saint Christopher the History of Moses and the prophicies of the last iudgement painted the painting of the arched-roof rare for perspectiue Art and che chiefe of that kinde the Monument of Iasper Contarini Cardinall of the Marble of Paros and the pillers of our Ladies Altar with many Marble stones In the Church of Saint Mary de Crostechieri the ancient pictures the notable pall of Saint Laurence worth seuen thousand crownes and the pictures in the chappel of Lewis Vsperi In the Church of Saint Lucia the Monument and chappell of the Saints In the chappell of Saint Luigi the great Altar fairest of those built of wood In the Church of Saint Mary of the Miracles the fairest of any Nunnery for the beauty and rare stones the walles couered with Marble two Marble Images of two children vnder the Organs the works of famous Praxitiles the Images of marble of Paros the stones of Porphery and Ophytes wonderfully carued the great Altar of Marble ingrauen with great Art the brasen Images of Saint Peter Saint Paul and of Angels These are the things most remarkeable In the Church of Saint Mary of Mercy Sansouine witnesseth this Epitaph which I will set downe left any should thinke incredible the like practises of Papists against Emperours and Iohn the King of England in these words To Ierom Sauina a Citizen of Venice Prior of Saint Maries notably learned in good Arts but more renowmed for piety which hee also shewed at his death towards his enemy who gaue him poyson in the challice at the Lords Supper by many arguments of his charity He died in the yeere MDCI. Also in the great schoole the same is witnessed in these wordes To Ierom Sauina wickedly killed by poyson giuen O horrible villany in our Lords Supper c. The fourth sextary or sixth part of the City and first of those beyond the channell meaning towards the Territorie of Paduoa is vulgarly called of the chiefe Church Il sestiero di San ' Polo In which Church of Saint Paul the most remarkeable things are these the picture of Christ washing his Apostles feet the pall of siluer guilded and the precious stones vpon the great Altar the pictures of the Altar of the holy Sacrament and of the blessed Virgin and the Images of Saint Andrew and the Apostles vpon pillars In the very faire market place of the same Church of old a market was weekely held and to the yeere 1292 the market was held heere on Wednesday and in the market place of Saint Marke on the Saturday but at this day none is held here but both in the place of Saint Marke for the benefit of those that dwell there and that the houses may bee more deerely let which belong to Saint Marke Neere the Church of Saint Siluestro the Patriarkes of Grado dwelt till the Bishop of Castello Oliuolo was made Patriarke In the Church of Saint Iames of Rialto narrow but very faire the precious stones and the pictures of great Art and antiquitie and the fiue Altars In the Church of Saint Mary Gloriosa faire and great the Belfrey stately built the Monument of the most famous Painter Titiano two Images of Marble neere the great doore the Marble Image of Saint Iohn ouer against the Florentine chappell the chancell paued with Marble and adorned with the grauen Images of the Prophets at the charge of the family Morosini the rare pictures of the great Altar the Epitaph of Francis Bernardo who being imployed into England in his yong yeeres made peace betweene King Henry and the French King Francis which many great men had attempted in vaine and for this braue act was Knighted by both the Kings These things in this church are most remarkeable The fifth sextary and the second beyond the channel of the chiefe Church is called il Sestiero di Santa Croce in which Church being a cloyster of Nunnes Duke Dominick Morosini lies buried with this inscription Here lies Dominick Morosini Duke of Venice with Sophia his Dutchesse hee was a good Duke and most wise full of faith and truth c. He tooke the City Tyrus and vnder him Istria and Pola were subdued with fifty gallies where of were Captaines his sonne and Marino Gradonico This glorious Duke died in the yeere MCLVI Also the Marble pillers of the great Altar the brasen Angels and the brasen Images of Christ rising from the dead of Saint Francis and Saint Anthony In the Church of Saint Simion Prophet the picture of Christs supper with his Apostles In the Church of St. Giacomo dell ' Orio a piller esteemed for a Iewell a Marble pulpit one of the fairest in the City and the Images of the chappell for christning In the Church of Saint Eustace the pictures of Christ whipped of Christ carrying his crosse and of Christ praying in the garden all of great Art In the Church of Saint Mary Mater Domini the great Altar of most pure siluer and the passion of Christ ingrauen the Altar of the blessed Virgin with her picture and the Altar of the holy Sacrament
multitude of Turkes and Moores ceased not to girne laugh at our sighes and teares neither know I why my heart-strings brake not in these desperate afflictions but I am sure from that day to this I neuer enioied my former health and that this houre was the first of my old age Towards the euening the same fourth day of Iuly we descended with the said English Factor taking care to haue our baggage carried from the mountaines towards Scanderona little distant frō this place in the furthest Northerne part of the vally vpon the seashore From hence Iasper Tyant our louing consort in this misery returned back to Haleppo but my selfe not knowing what to resolue nor hauing power to thinke of disposing my selfe remained at Scanderona in the English Factors house The next night while I lay waking I heard multitudes of Woolues as I thought howling vpon the mountaines of Byland and in the morning I vnderstood by the English Merchant that a kind of beast little bigger then a Foxe and ingendered betweene Foxes and Wolues vulgarly called Iagale vsed to range vpon these mountaines in troopes and many times to scratch the bodies of the dead out of their graues whereupon I hired an Asse to carry me and a Ianizare to accompany me and went to see the place of my brothers buriall from which part I thought to heare those howlings And there beyond my expectation I found that they had scratched vp the earth almost to his body and the Turkes made no doubt but that these beasts hiding themselues from day light would according to their manner returne the next night to deuoure his body Therefore I hired many poore people to bring stones whereof I made such a pile round about his body as I preserued that prey from their cursed iawes which done I returned to Scanderona so called by the Turkes which the Christians call Alexandretta This is a poore Village built all of straw and durt excepting the houses of some Christian Factors built of timber and clay in some conuenient sort and it lies along the sea-shoare For the famous Citie of Haleppo hauing no other Hauen the Merchants doc here vnloade their goods but themselues make haste to Haleppo staying as little here as possibly they can and committing the care of carrying their goods thither vpon Camels to the Factors of their Nation continually abiding here The pestilent aire of this place is the cause that they dare not make any stay here for this Village seated in Cilicia now called Caramania is compassed on three sides with a Fenny Plaine and the fourth side lies vpon the Sea In the way to Haleppo as I remember towards the East there is in this Plaine a Fountaine of cleare water some mile distant from this Village and howsoeuer all other waters falling out of the Fen are most vnwholsome yet the goodnes of this Fountaine is so much prized as the Merchants vse to carrie their meate thither and eate there vnder a pleasant shade Not farre from this Fountaine there stands an old Castle at the foote of the mountaines which they call the Castle of Penthesilea Queene of the Amazons On the same side beyond the Fen is a most high mountaine which keepes the sight of the Sunne from Scandarona and being full of bogges infects the Fenny Plaine with ill vapours and beyond this mountaine my dearest brother lies buried On the other side towards the North as I remember in the way leading to Constantinople the like Fenny Plaine lies and the mountaines though more remote doe barre the sight of the Sunne and the boggy earth yeelding ill vapours makes Scanderona infamous for the death of Christians On the same side Asia the lesse stretcheth it selfe into the sea towards the West and in the next shoare thereof is a pleasant Village now called Bias which of old was called Tarsus where Saint Paul was borne being sixe miles from Scanderona and seated in the same Prouince of Cilicia and abounding with fruits silke-wormes and al things necessarie to sustaine life Scanderona on the South side towards Palestina is also compassed with the like fenny Plaine but farre more large then on the other sides Finally on the West side towards the Sea and Italy is a safe Hauen in the furthest part of the Mediteranean Sea towards the East And into this Sea the Prophet Ionas was cast and preserued miraculously by a Whale was in this part cast vpon the shoare they say that the Owes of the Sea doe here much increase the malignitie of the aire yet the Sea men vse to sleep in their ships and seldome to come on land till the Sunne be risen aboue the mountains hiding it and hath drawne vp the ill vapours The foresaid mountaines of Cilicia are held for part of Mount Taurus which in Scythia is called Caucasus and in these parts Amanus I haue formerly said that these parts neere the Equinoctiall Line haue seldome any raine but the earth is commonly moistned with the dew falling after Sunne-set But while I staied here a great tempest fell of thunder haile and raine vpon the seuenth of August and the raine did not fall by drops but by pailefuls as wee reade it falles but much more violently towards West India and neere the Equinoctiall Line and as no violent thing is perpetuall so this tempest soone passed Shortly after I came to this vnhappy Village Scanderona the griefe of my mind cast me into a great sicknesse so as I who in perfect health had passed so many Kingdomes of Europe at this time in the very flower of my age first began to wax old This sicknesse brought the first weakenesse to my body and the second proceeding of another griefe after my returne into England tooke from mee all thought of youthfull pleasures and demonstratiuely taught me that the Poet most truly said Cura facit canos that is Care maketh gray-headed While I languished here in a lasting sicknes it hapned that vpon occasion I looked vpon the two testimonies giuen to my brother and my self at Ierusalem of our hauing been there and I was not a little astonished to see that they being both at the same time cut out of the same skin of parchment and written with the same hand and inck yet that of my brother was in all parts eaten with wormes when mine was altogether vntouched And after I did more wonder that to this day the same Testimonie giuen to my brother is no more eaten with wormes then at that time it was and mine still remaines vnperished My foresaid sicknesse was so vehement and so long that all men doubted I would neuer recouer so as my friends in England after they had heard of my brothers death were aduertised within few weekes that my selfe also was dead But for my part though my nightly dreames that I was walking in the caues and sepulchers of Italy might haue somewhat discouraged me and though I had no other Phisitian then the
brother to the Lord Deputies wife and Robert Turnour Seriant Mastor of the Army and two foster brethren to Henry 〈◊〉 of Kildare who with his troope of Horse valiantly serued vpon the Rebell and tooke the death of his foster brethren so to heart after the education of the Irish as he shortly after died Many also were wounded among whom Thomas Walker was of chiefe name When the Lord Deputy first resolued to draw vp to Blackewater he sent directions to Sir Conyers Clifford to come vp with the Connaght forces by the way of Ballyshainnon and to meete him there which he in like sort attempted but being ouer matched by the Rebels lying in his way could not peirce so farre but was forced to retire and by that retreat wonne great reputation to himselfe and the men vnder him for hauing with him some sixe or seuen hundred foote onely of which part was of the old Britan Souldiers and being assayled by more then 2000. Rebels during thirty miles march he valiantly repelled them and safely retired to the garrison The Lord Deputy leaning the Fort at the Blacke-water well guarded to the charge of Captaine Thomas Williams withdrew the Forces towards the Pale Now the Rubels tossed betweene hope feare and shame resolued to besiege the Fort and Tyrone thought his reputation lost if he recouered it not and so with ioynt force they compassed and assay led the same Whereof the Lord Deputy being aduertised with all possible expedition gathered the forces to leade them to the reliefe of that fort and the Rebels hearing of his Lordships approach quitted the siege of the Fort and retired into their strengths Whereupon the Lord Deputy marched forward and hauing passed the Blackwater Fort and purposing to enter and passe the pace leading to Dungannon Tyrones chiefe House he fel suddenly sicke and being carried backe in his horse litter to Armagh and thence to the Newry died in the way to the great ioy of the Rebels deiected with his sharpe prosecution and bold aduentures and to the no lesse griefe of the English erected with hope of good successe Howsoeuer many of good iudgement held his purpose of passing to Dungannon very dangerous and altogether fruitlesse since no garrisons being planted to gaine ground no other issue could be hoped in the best euent then a bragge of courage in passing to Tyrones cheefe feate which no other Deputy had yet attempted And as they greatly commended the Lord Deputies valour in these actions so they feared the ingaging and losse of the Queenes Army by this or some like bold attempt After his death Sir Thomas Norreys Lord President of Mounster was vnder the great seale of Ireland prouisionally made Lord Iustice of the Kingdome as the customeis in such sudden changes who repaired to Dublin and there executed his place for one month as I thinke of September and no longer for he being sick cast down in minde by the great sorrow he had conceiued for the late death of his worthy brother made great suite to the Queene and the Lords in England to be eased of this burthen of being Lord Iustice and to haue leaue to retire himselfe to his gouernement of the Prouince of Mounster And so Adam Loftus Lord Chauncellor of Ireland and Lord Archbishop of Dublin and Robert Gardner chiefe Iustice of Ireland by letters out of England the thirteene of October were made Lords Iustices for the ciuell gouernement and the Earle of Ormond with title of Lord Liefetenant of the Army was authorized to command in cheefe for all martiall affayres Tyrone after his old custome flies vnto the Lord Lieftenant with protestations of loyalty and complaines of wrongs inforcing his disloiall courses which his Lordship aduertising into England receiued authority from thence to treat with Tyrone about his submission hauing Sir Geffery Fenton Secretary of Ireland ioyned with him for an assistant Hereupon ensued a meeting at Dundalke on the 22 of December where Tyrone made his most humble submission in writing acknowledging her Maiesties great mercie in giuing him and his Associates their pardons vpon former submissions and vpon the knees of his heart as he writes professed most heartie penitencie for his disloialtie and especially his foule relopses thereinto humbly befeeching the Lord Lieutenant to be a meanes to her sacred Maiestie for his pardon withall making knowne his grieuances which how soever they could not iustifie his offence yet might in some measure qualifie the 〈◊〉 thereof And till these might be booked to be sent ouer with his Submission most humbly crauing of his Lordship to grant a truce or cessation of Armes for eight weeks following And further to the end it might appeare that his submission proceeded from his heart promising that for the time of this cessation there should be no impediment giuen to her Maiesties Ministers bringing victuals to Blackwater Fort yea that for a poore token of his humblest duty hee would voluntarily giue to the hands of the Captaine fortie Beeues and suffer the souldiers to cut and fetch in wood or any other prouisions For his performance whereof hee offered presently to giue Pledges to his Lordship The same day hee subscribed the following articles propounded to him by the Lord Lieutenant First he promiseth for him and his associates faithfully to keepe her Maiesties Peace during the cessation Secondly that hee will presently recall all Vlster men sent by him into Lemster leauing those who should not obay his directions to the Lord Lieutenants discretion Thirdly it any during the Truce shall breake into Rebellion he promiseth not to aide them so as none depending on his Truce be in the meanetime taken in by the State without his consent Fourthly he agreeth to a generall Liberty of buying necessaries for his men in the Pale and for the Queenes subiects in Vlster and nothing to be forceably taken on either side Fiftly that vpon pretended wrongs no reuenge be taken but restitution be made within ten dayes after complaint Sixthly that during the Truce hee shall haue no intelligence with the King of Spaine or other forraine Prince but acquaint the State with any message hee shall receiue or proiect he shall heare Seuenthly that he shall presently draw a booke of his grieuances such as he can proue without mention of friuolous matters vnworthie her sacred Maiesties view Eightly that he will deliuer into the Fortforty Beeues and giue safe conduct to her Maiesties Ministers to vittaile the said Fort of Blackwater and suffer the souldiers to cut and fetch wood on the South-side of Armagh and for all other necessaries permit them to agree with the owners so as they come not of themselues into his Countrie but haue his men with them in company Ninthly that any prey being tracked into his Countrie he shall make restitution and deliuer the theeues to be executed and if any be stopped from following of his track the stopper shall answere the goods so tracked which course the Lord
worthily and all things prospered vnder his worke she would not giue incouragement to the Rebels by his absence whom his presence had so daunted The List of the Army and the distribution of the same into Garrisons in the end of Nouember Twelue Colonels of the Armie The Earle of Thomond Lord Dunkellin Sir Henrie Dockowra Sir Arthur Chichester Sir Henrie Power Sir Charles Percy Sir Matthew Morgan Sir Christopher Saint Laurence Sir Charles Wilmot Sir Arthur Sauage Sir Richard Moryson Sir Iohn Bolles Foote at Carickfergus Sir Arthur Chichester Gouernour 150. Sir Foulk Conway 150. Captaine Richard Croftes 100. Captaine Charles Egerton 100. Captaine Gregorie Norton 100. Horse Sir Arthur Chichester 25. Captaine Iohn Iephson 100. Foote at Mount Norreys Captaine Edward Blaney Gouernour 150 Sir Samuel Bagnol 150. Captaine Henrie Athyerton 150. Horse at the Newry Sir Samuel Bagnol Gouernour 50. Foote Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns 150. Sir Francis Stafford 200. Captaine Iosias Badley 150. Captaine Edward Treuer 100. Captaine Edward Fisher 100. Captaine Rauenscroft 100. Foote at Carlingford Captaine Richard Hansard 100. Foote at Dundalke Sir Richard Moryson Gouernour 150. Sir Henrie Dauers 150. Captaine Tobie Cafeild 150. Captaine Ferdinand Freckleton 100. Captaine Ralph Constable 100. Horse Sir Henrie Dauers 50. Foote at Arde. Sir Charles Percy 150. Sir Garret More 100. Captaine Thomas Mynne 100. Captaine Thomas Williams 150. Captaine Francis Roe 100. Horse Sir Henrie Dauers 50. Sir Garret More 25. Foote at Ballymore Sir Francis Shane 100. Captaine Thomas Roper 150. Captaine Rotheram 100. At Mullingar The Lord of Deluin 150 Foote Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 25 Horse At the Nauan Sir Thomas Maria Wingfeild 150 Foote The Lord Deputie 100 Horse Foote at Drogheda Captaine Billings 100. Captaine Linley 100. Captaine Iefferey Dutton 100. Captaine Morice 100. Captaine Bentley 100. Foote at Trymme Sir Christopher Saint Laurence 150. Sir Edward Harbert 100. Captaine Yeluerton 100. Foote at Kelles The Lord of Dunsany 150. Captaine Hugh Orely 100. Horse Lord of Dunsany 50. Foote at Aboy Clancary and the Castles of Ophalia Sir Henrie Folliot 150. Captaine Lionel Guest 150. oir Henrie Warren 100. Foote in the Fort of the Dingon and at the Nasse Sir George Bourcher 100. The Lord Dunkellin 150. Sir Henrie Harrington 100. Captaine Thomas Boyse 100. Horse at New castle Captaine Daughtrey 50. Sir Henrie Harrington 25. At Athey Reban and the borders of Leax Sir Henrie Poore 150. Sir Iames Fitzpiers 150. Master Marshel 150. Captaine Philips 100. Sir Thomas Loftus 100 Foote The Marshall 50 Horse Foote in the Forts Sir Francis Rush 150. Foote in Occarrals Countrie Captaine Mollrony Ocarrol 100. Foote and Horse in Kilkenny The Earle of Ormond Lieutenant of the Armie 150. Captaine Marbery 100 Foote The Earle of Ormond 50 Horse Foote and Horse in Kildare The Earle of Kildare 150 Foote The Earle of Kildare 50 Horse Foote and Horse in the Countie of Waxford Sir Olin'r Lambert 150. Captaine Iohn Master son 100. Captaine Esmond 150 Foote Sir Oliuer Lambert 25 Horse Foote at Dublin The Lord Deputies Guard commanded by Captaine Berry 150. Foote and Horse in Connaght Sir Arthur Sauage Gouernour 150. The Earle of Clanrickard 150. Sir Thomas Bourk 150 Sir Tibbot Dillon 100 Captaine Clare 150. Captaine Tibot Nelong 100. Captaine Thomas Bourgh 100 Foote The Earle of Clanrickard 50. The Lord Dunkellin 25. The Marshall of the Prouince 12 Horse Horse in the Pale at the Captaines disposall neere themselues or attending their persons Sir Edward Harbert 12. Sir William Warren 25. Sir Iohn Barkley 12. Captaine Rich. Greame 50. Captaine Garret Fleming 25. Captaine Pigot 12. Captaine Darcy 25. At Loughsoyle a remote Garrison vnder Sir Henrie Dockwra his command Sir Henrie Dockwra 50 Sir Iohn Bolles 50 Horse Foote vnder 25 Captaines 2900. In the Prouince of Mounster at the Lord Presidents disposall The Lord President 50. Sir Anthony Cooke 50 Captaine William Taaf 25 Horse Foot der 23 Captaines 2800. Totall of Horse 1198. Totall of Foote 14150. From Dundalke the Lord Deputy with his seruants and voluntary horsemen rode to Dublin the seuenteenth of Nouember Within few dayes vpon Sir Arthur Sauage his intreatic to goe for England about his priuate affaires his Lordship gaue him licence and appointed Sir Iohn Barkely to supplie his place of Prouisionarie Gouernour of the Prouince of Connaght At the same time his Lordship wrote into England for authoritie to passe vnto certaine submitties their Countries with reseruation of her Maiesties rights and some other conditions for her profit and seruice more particularly on the behalfe of Connor Roe Mac Guyre who being put from the Chiefery of his Country by Tyrone had quitted al his possessions and goods to come to the Queenes seruice when Tyrone had two of his sonnes for pledges of which the elder lately escaping from the rebels had likewise submitted himselfe and they both had serued valiantly in the late Northerne iourney so as the father had his horse killed vnder him and the sonne killed three rebels with his owne hand And from thence both going into Fermanagh had drawne many of that Country to follow them in the Queenes seruice diuerting all the Countrie from assisting Tyrone Besides that in a late skirmish they had taken Cormock Tyrones brothers eldest sonne a young man of the greatest hope in the North whom the Rebels purposed to create Oneale after Tyrones death for which respect he was a better pledge then any of Tyrones sons This youth they had brought to the Lord Deputy with great hazard to conuoy him and that when 3000. pound and other ample conditions were offered them for his ransome In the same moneth of Nouember many of the Northerne Rebels with great troops among them a Mounster man Piers Lacy of English race a famous rebell drew into the Brenny meaning to passe to the Shannon side and so into Mounster after they had strengthened the broken rebels of the Pale with some assistance But this their passage was so stopped as it tooke no effect The sixth of December his Lordship was aduertised from an honourable friend in Court that his late proceedings were mentioned by all men with much honour and most of all by the Queen who vttered to himselfe the most gracious and kind speeches of his Lordship and the most extolling his valour and worthy parts that euer he had heard her vse of any Till this time the rebels of the Mountaines neere Dublyn called the Glinnes gaue allarums almost euery night in the Suburbes of Dublyn But the time when the insolency of some of them should bee chastened was now come The Obirnes hauing Phelim mac Feogh the chiefe of their Sept after the death of Feogh mac Hugh formerly mentioned inhabited the Glinnes bordering on the plaines of Dublyn extending some foure or fiue miles that way and these being neerer then the O Tooles and other their confederates were most insolent vpon that City and the Counsell there residing when the Lord Deputy was farre off in
a wood beyond a Meadow on the other side of the Riuer and that with Trumpets and diuers colours some wonne at the old defeat of the English in those parts and with some Drummes rather for a bragging oftentation then otherwise since they fighting like theeues vpon dangerous passages vsed not to appeare in such warlike manner And from the trenches kept by the Rebels on the other side of the water some vollies of shot were powred vpon vs which sell downe on euery side dead on the ground by reason of the distance betweene vs and did small or no hurt We hauing a Rabinet a Falcon made from this hill some shot at the rebels troope farre distant whereupon their Puppits brauery suddenly vanished and according to their wonted manner they hidde themselues in the woods Presently the Lord Deputy sent three hundred foote to another hill on this side of the Riuer adioining to the old Fort lying beyond the water and his Lordship rode to that hil whom many voluntary Gentlemen with his seruants followed And in the way my selfe and some others lighted in a Valley to refiesh ourselues by walking but found an enemies soile no place for recreation for out of the Ditches Furrowes many shot were made at vs whereupon we tooke our horses one shot dangerously yet God be praised without hurt passing betweene my legges while one of my feete was in my stirrop and so we retyred to the grosse standing in more safetie Towards euening wee incamped vpon the aboue mentioned hil at which time wee saw faire off by a Wood side Tyrone draw some horse ouer to our side of the water either as we imagined to assayle Tirlogh Mac Henrie of the Fewes lately submitted and comming after vs to attend the Lord Deputie in this seruice or else to conferre with him and his companie but assoone as Sir William Godolphin Commander of the Lord Deputies troope of horse by his Lordships direction made towards Tyrone he with his horse presently retired backe That night we made Gabyons to enter the Rebels trenches and sent the Rabinet and Falcon to be planted on the other hill where our aboue mentioned three hundred foote lay All the night the rebels out of the trenches shot at our men while they were busie in working But the fourteenth day very early at the dawning of the day vpon our first discharging of the said great pieces charged with musket bullets and after some three vollies of our smal shot the rebels quitted their trenches basely running into the Woods and our three hundred men passing the Riuer vnder Captaine Thomas Williams his command possessed the trenches and the old ruined Fort with the Plaine in which it lay the Wood being almost musket shot distance whether the rebels were fled and had by night carried their hurt and slaine men Presently the Lord Deputie sent one Regiment to lye beyond the Blackwater vpon a hill where his Lordship had made choice to build a new Fort. Vpon view of the trenches made vpon euery Foard his Lordship found they were strongly and artificially fortified wondring much that either they should so laboriously fortifie them if they meant not to defend them of should so cowardly quit such strong places and so suddenly if they had former resolution to make them good In gaining them wee had some twentie men hurt and two slaine and they had greater losse especially in the going off though we could not truly know it The fifteenth day his Lordship with a troope of horse and foure hundred foote drew towards Tyrones Wood and viewed the paces in the sight of the rebels who ran away with their cowes onely at his Lordships retrait making some few shot at our men but hurting not one man In the euening Captaine Treuer and Captaine Constable with their Companies came to the Campe sent thither from Lecayle to strengthen the Army according to his Lordships direction to Sir Rechard Moryson after the Countrie was all taken in and Mac Gennis the greatest neighbor Rebel had submitted himselfe The 16 day the L Deputy drew out a Regiment of Irish commanded by Sir Christo. St. Laurence and passing the Blackwater marched to Benburb the old house of Shane O Neale lying on the left hand of our Campe at the entrance of great woods There our men made a stand in a faire greene meadow hauing our camp and the plaines behind them the wood on both sides before them The rebels drew in great multitudes to these woods Here we in the Campe being ourselues in safety had the pleasure to haue the ful view of an hot and long skirmish our loose wings sometimes beating the rebels on all sides into the Woods and sometimes being driuen by them back to our Colours in the middest of the meadow where assoone as our horse charged the rebels presently ran backe and this skirmish continuing with like varietie some three howers for the Lord Deputie as he saw the numbers of the rebels increase so drew other Regiments out of the Campe to second the fight So that at last the Rebell had drawne all his men together and we had none but the by-Guards left to saue-guard the Campe all the rest being drawne out Doctor Latwar the Lord Deputies Chaplaine not content to see the fight with vs in safetie but as he had formerly done affecting some singularitie of forwardnesse more then his place required had passed into the meadow where our Colours stood and there was mortally wounded with a bullet in the head vpon which hee died the next day Of the English not one more was slaine onely Captaine Thomas Williams his legge was broken and two other hurt but of the Irish on our side twenty sixe were slaine and seuenty fiue were hurt And those Irish being such as had been rebels and were like vpon the least discontent to turne rebels and such as were kept in pay rather to keepe them from taking part with the rebels then any seruice they could doe vs the death of those vnpeaceable sword-men though falling on our side yet was rather gaine then losse to the Common-wealth Among the rebels Tyrones Secretary and one chiefe man of the Ohagans and as we credibly heard farre more then two hundred Kerne were slaine And lest the disparitie of losses often mentioned by me should sauour of a partiall pen the Reader must know that besides the fortune of the warre turned on our side together with the courage of the rebels abated and our men heartned by successes we had plentie of powder and sparing not to shoote at randome might well kill many more of them then they ill furnished of powder and commanded to spare it could kill of ours These two last dayes our Pioners had been busied in fortifying and building a new Fort at Blackwater not farre distant from the old Fort demolished by the rebels and for some daies following his Lordship specially intended the furtherance and finishing of this worke so as
suddenly expose himselfe to cold and that when he is extremely cold hee likewise warme himselfe by little and little not suddenly at a great fier or in a hot stoue and that after dinner he rest a while Touching sleepe breeding by excesse raw humours and watching that dries the body they are happy who keepe the meane and they are the Phisitians friends who delight in extremes and to their counsell I commend them In the last place touching accidents or motions of the minde I will onely say that mirth is a great preseruer of health and sadnesse a very plague thereunto The bodie followes the temper of the mind as the temper of the mind followes that of the body My selfe haue been twice sicke to death in forraigne parts 〈◊〉 when I lost my dearest Brother Henry in Asia whose death I must euer lament with the same passion as Dauid did that of Absolon who wished to redeeme his life with his owne death and surely I freely professe his life had been more profitable then mine both to our friends and to the Common-wealth The second time I was sicke to death at home in England vpon a lesse iust but like cause namely griefe Thus being at the gates of death twice for griefe I found the Poet to say most truly that care maketh gray headed and Seneca no lesse truly that he who hath escaped Stix and the infernall Haggs to him in care hee will shew Hell it selfe To speake something of preseruing health by Sea He that would not vomit at all let him some dayes before he take ship and after at Sea diminish his accustomed meat and especially drinke and let him take the following remedies against ill smelles and weakenesse of stomack Some aduise that he should drinke Sea water mingled with his Wine and some more sparing that he drinke Sea water alone which dries cold humours and shuts the Orifice of the belly and stomack But I thinke they doe ill who altogether restraine vomiting for no doubt that working of the Sea is very healthfull Therefore I would rather aduise him to vse him accustomed diet till he haue sailed one day or two into the Maine or till he feele his body weake and thinkes it enough purged then let him take meates agreeable to the Sea in small proportion as powdred Beefe Neates-tongues dried and like salt meates and after eating let him seale his stomake with Marmalate Let him often eate Pomegranates Quinces Corianders prepared and such meates as are sharpe and comfort the stomake and let him drinke strong Wines and sometimes hot Waters but sparingly and let him dip a piece of bisket in his Wine And to restraine the extremity of vomiting till he be somewhat vsed to the Sea let him forbeare to looke vpon the waues of the Sea or much to lift vp his head To auoid the ill smelles of the ship hee may in Summer carry red Roses or the dried leaues thereof Lemmons Oranges and like things of good odour and in Winter hee may carry the roote or leaues of Angelica Cloues Rosemary and the foresaid Lemmons Oranges and Rose leaues To conclude if there bee no Phisitian in the ship let him that is sickly take counsell of the Phisitian at home for the remedies of that weakenesse to which himselfe is most subiect and of diseases most proper to Seamen especially if he take any long voiage 19 To teach the Traueller how to behaue himselfe in forraigne parts is a large and intricate precept whereof I will handle many branches in this and the next following Precepts It is an old saying Cum fueris Romae Romano viuito more Cum fueris alibi viuito more loci Being at Rome the Roman manners vse And otherwhere each places custome chuse Surely a Traueller must liue after other mens fashion not his owne alwaies auoiding extremities by discretion according to the Italian Prouerb Paese doue vai vsa comme truoui The Country where thou goest Vse thou as doe the most Now in this so great varietie of fashions in all Nations it seemes vnpossible to giue any set rules since the French say well Tant de payis tant'de guises As many Nations So many fashions And since no man is able to number these diuers euents first I aduise the Traueller in generall to be so wary as he aduenture not to doe any new thing till the example of others giue him confidence Let him reproue nothing in another mans house much lesse in a strange Common wealth in which kind it is not amisse to seeme dumb or tongue-tied so he diligently imploy his eyes and eares to obserue al profitable things Let him be curteous euen somewhat to wards the vice of curtesie to his Host the children and his fellow soiourners in the house I doe not aduise him to imitate them who will put off their hat to a very Dog for in all actions basenesse must bee shunned and decency embraced but it is veniall somewhat to offend in the better part applying our selues to the diuers natures of men If hee shall apply himselfe to their manners tongue apparrell and diet with whom he liues hee shall catch their loues as it were with a fish-hooke For diet he needes lesse care but for apparrell he must sit it to their liking for it is a good precept aswell at home as abroad to eate according to our owne appetite but to bee apparrelled to other mens liking I haue obserued the Germans and French in Italy to liue and conuerse most with their owne Countrimen disdaining to apply themselues to the Italians language apparrell and diet and the English aboue all others to subiect themselues to the Lawes customes language and apparrell of other Nations And hence it is that the conuersation of the English abroad is wonderfullie pleasing vnto strangers Onely because they are forced to dissemble their Countrie among Papists I haue found by experience that other Nations whose habit and name they take haue reaped the commendation of this their vertue and it is certaine that the Germanes whom the English do often personate haue thereupon beene often praysed in forraigne parts for their temperance and other vertues lesse proper to them In the meane time the English who are thus pleasing for this vertue while they dissemble their Countrie are by other accidents lesse agreeable to the liking of strangers in diuers places when they confesse what Countrie-men they are as in Italy for the difference of Religion in the Low-Countries for that many of them haue gone away in their debts in France and Scotland for the old hatred of both Nations and in the Hans or sea-bordering Cities for the many iniuries they pretend to haue receiued from English men of warre at Sea Perhaps seuere and froward censors may iudge it an apish vice thus to imitate other nations but in my opinion this obsequiousnes of conuersation making vs become all things to all men deserues the opinion of a wise man and one that is not subiect
name of Gregorie and he first instituted the seuen Electors of the Emperour which institution some attribute to Pope Silnester But whether Gregorie made this Law or confirmed it no doubt about the yeere 1002 the Electors were established about which time many tumults were at Rome betweene the Emperours and the Roman Prince Crescentius for the choise of the Pope and the common opinion is that Pope Gregorie in the yeere 997 made this Law of seuen Electors to chuse the Emperour and that Pope Siluester restrained it to certaine Families And this Institution seemed to giue great strength to the Empire since the former seditions were thereby taken away and it was likely these Princes would chuse a man of the greatest vertues and power But Charles the fourth chosen Emperor with condition not to meddle with Italy first obtained of the Electors to chuse his son to be Caesar in his life time and so made this Institution of no effect all Emp. after him chiefely laboring as much as they could to make the Empire hereditary by like meanes And the successor thus chosen in the life of the Emp. was called King of the Romans and after his death receiuing the Crowne was stiled Emp. Of the Electors 3 are Churchmon and Arch-bishops 3 are Lay-Princes of Germany and least by faction of sixe Churchmen and Laymen the voices should be equall the King of Bohemia was added for the seuenth Elector The Archbishop of Trier Chauncellor for France sits before the Emperour The Archbishop of Mentz Chansellor sor Germany sits at the Emperors right hand in all places but in the Diocesse of Colon where he giues place to the Archbishop therof The Archbishop of Colon Chancelor for Italy sits on the Emperors right hand in his own dioces but on his left hand in all other places The K. of Bohemia Arch-butler of the Empire sits next the Archbishop of Mentz on the right hād of the Emperor The D. of Saxony the Marshal of the Empire carrying the sword before the Emperor sits on his left hand next the Archbishop of Colon. The Count Palatine of the Rheine carries the first dish at the feast of the Emp. coronation and sits on his right hand next the K. of Bohemia And the Marquisse of Brandeburg Great Chamberlaine sits on the left hand of the Emp. next to the D. of Saxony It is to be remembred that for long time the Emperor hauing been also King of Bohemia to the end that vpon the death of the old Emperour there should not be wanting one to supply the place of the King of Bohemia at the Election of the new Emperour the Bohemians haue alwaies a Viceroy chosen for life who not onely supplies that place but also gouernes Bohemia till the new Emperour be chosen and after receiued for King at Prage The Emperour Charles the fourth made many Lawes concerning the Emperour and the Electors which Lawes are all collected together and by the Germans called the Golden Bulla and it will not be impertinent to remember some of them It is decreed that no Elector shall lie in ambushment for another Elector comming to chuse the Emperour neither shall denie him safe conduct through his Country vnder the paine of periurie and losse of his Voyce for that Election Vnder the same penalty that no man whosoeuer lye in waite to intercept the person or goods of any Elector That the Arch-Bishop of Meuts shall apdoint the day of the Election by letters Pattents so as the Electors or their Deputies hauing full power may meete for that purpose at Franckfort vpon the Meyne within three moneths and if the Archbishop faile to appoint the day yet that the Electors vncalled shall meete there within that time That no Elector nor Depute shall enter the City attended with more then two hundred horsemen nor aboue fiftie of them armed That the Elector or Deputy called and not comming or departing before the Emperour be chosen shall loose his Voyce for that time That the Citizens of Franckfort if they protect not those that come to the Election shall be proscribed and depriued of their priuiledges and goods That no man be admitted into the Citie besides the Electors and their Deputies and the horsemen attending them That the next morning early after their entry Masse bee sung in the Church of Saint Bartholmew and that done the Archbishop of Mentz at the Altar giue an oath to the Electors in these words I N. N. sweare by the faith that I owe to God and the sacred Empire that I will chuse a temporall Head of Christian Princes and giue my Voyce without any couenant stipend reward or any such thing howsoeuer it may be called as God helpe me c. That if they shall not agree of the Election within thirty daies they shall eate bread and water and shall not goe out of the City till the Election be finished That the greater part bee held for a generall 〈◊〉 consent That the Elector slacking his comming shal notwithstanding be admitted he come before the Election be finished That the person elected shal presently sweare in the royall name of King of the Romans to the Electors Princes Secular and Spirituall and to all the Members of the Empire that hee will confirme all priuiledges customes c. and that after his Coronation hee shall sweare the same in the name of Emperour That an Elector shall haue his Voyce in the choice of himselfe to be Emperor That the Arch-bishop of Mentz shall aske the Voyces first of the Arch-bishop of Trier then of the Arch-bishop of Colon then of the King of Bohemia then of the Palatine then of the Duke of Saxony then of the Marquis of Brandeburg and lastly that these Princes shall aske the Voyce of the Arch-bishop of Mentz That the Empire being vacant the Count Palatine shall bee Prouisor of the Empire in Sueuia and Franconia as well in Iudgements as in conferring Church-liuings gathering of Rents inuesting of Vassals which inuesting notwithstanding is to bee renewed by the Emperour when he is chosen and Alienations c. That the Duke of Saxony shall haue the same right in his Prouinces That when the Emperour must answere any cause he shall answer before the Palatine so that be in the Imperiall Court That no man in the Court shal sit aboue the Electors That to a Secular Prince Elector his eldest Lay son shall succeed or for want of sons the first of the fathers Line and if he be vnder age that the eldest brother to the deceased father shall be his tutor till hee be eighteene yeares old and that this Tutor for that time shall haue all his right which he shall then restore to him and for want of heires males that the Emperour shall giue the Electorship to whom hee will excepting the King of Bohemia who is to bee chosen by the Bohemians That mines of mettals found in the Territories of any Elector shall bee proper to himselfe That the
being the second chapter of this 3 Part. Here I wil onely say that in combat very few or no Germans are killed few hurt and that lightly which I rather attribute to their peaceable nature not apt to take things in reproch then to their seuere Lawes I haue said that manslayers die without hope of pardon if they be apprehended but otherwise the Germans haue no seuere Lawes to punish iniuries in which Iustice the Sweitzers of all Nations excell without which Lawes no capitall punishment can keepe men from reuenge especially in a warlike Nation and vnpatient of reproch Onely at Augsburg I remember seuere Lawes made to keepe the Garrison Souldiers from combates where they haue a plat of ground to which they call one another to fight vpon iniuries but it serues more to make shew then proofe of their valour For a Souldier wounding another payes foure Guldens Hee that drawes his Sword though he draw no blood payes two Guldens He that vpon challenge and the greatest prouocation kils another is banished And the Magistrate giues such reall satisfaction to the wronged by deed or word as they may with reputation forbeare reuenge yea he that doth a wrong is bound vnder great penalty that he himselfe shall presently make it knowne to the Magistrate crauing pardon and submitting himselfe to punishment howsoeuer the wronged neuer complaines At Prage in Bohemia manslaughters committed by Gentlemen against strangers and those of meaner condition are much more frequent because Gentlemen can only be iudged in Parliaments which are not often called and are then tried by Gentlemen who are partiall in the common cause and commonly acquite them or delude Iustice by delaies Otherwise the Bohemians punish manslaughter murther robbery and like crimes as the Germans punish them By the Ciuill Law the punishment of a boy for manslaughter is arbitrary but he is not subiect to the Cornelian Law or capitall punishment except he be capable of malice By the Law of Saxony a boy for manslaughter is punished by the foresaid mulct if he be capable of malice otherwise he is subiect to no punishment and in like sort if he depriue one of the vse of any member but in custome if he be seuenteene yeeres old he may be and is commonly put to death By the Ciuill law the punishment of reall and verball iniuries is arbitrary and as many wounds as are giuen so many are the punishments But by the law of Saxony he that strikes another so as he leeseth the vse of a member is punished by a mulct of money vncertaine which is giuen alwaies to him that is maimed and if he die not a thousand wounds or maimes are punished onely with one mulct except they bee done at diuers times and places in which case seuerall mulcts are inflicted Alwaies vnderstand that these iudgements are giuen where the offender is ciuilly accused for if these wounds be giuen of set malice and if he be capitally accused he shall dye according to the circumstances which the Germans much regard Thus at Lubeck a man was beheaded for striking a Citizen in his owne house And in the way from Stoade to Breme I did see a sad monument of a wicked sonne whose hand first and then his head was cut off for striking his father He that killes a man of set malice and like hainous murtherers haue all their bones broken vpon a wheele and in some cases their flesh is pinched off with hot burning pinsers and they that kill by the high-way are in like sort punished And many times for great crimes the malefactors some few dayes before the execution of iudgement are nailed by the eares to a post in a publike place that the people may see them After the execution the bones and members of the malefactor are gathered together and laid vpon the wheele which is set vp in the place of execution commonly where the crimes were committed for eternall memory of his wickednesse with so many bones hanging on the sides of the wheele as he committed murthers or like crimes and my selfe haue numbred sometimes eighteene often fourteene bones thus hanging for memory of so many murthers or like crimes committed by one man These markes long remaining and crosses set vp in places where murthers were committed though the murtherer escaped by flight make passengers thinke these crimes to be frequent in Germany yet the high-way is most safe and the nature of the people abhorring from such acts which are neuer committed by Gentlemē but only by rascals against footmen in the highway and those that dwel in solitary houses Yet the seuerity of punishments the more fierce nature of the Germans retaining some kind of fiercenes from their old progenitors make such as are thus giuen ouer to wickdnes to be more barbarous vnmerciful and when they haue once done ill to affect extremity therin To conclude I haue said that the law of Saxony condemnes a man to death who threatens to kil another though he neuer do the act By the Ciuill law difference is made between a day a night thiefe because we may not kil him that steales by day but may kil him that robs by night if we cannot spare him without danger to our selues By the law of Saxony he that by night steales so much as a little wood shall be hanged but stealing that or like goods by day shal only be beaten with rods In the ciuil law it is doubtful whether theft is to be punished with death or no most commonly it concludes that only theft deserues not death if it be not accompanied with other crimes But the law of Saxony expressely condemnes a thiefe to be hanged if he steale aboue the value of fiue Hungarian Ducates of gold or vnder that value to bee beaten with rods and to be marked with a burning iron in the eares or cheekes and forehead and so to be banished And howsoeuer generally a thiefe may not be hanged by the Ciuill Law yet in some cases it condemnes him to be hanged By the law of Saxony the thing stolen must be restored to the owner and may not be detained by the Magistrate and they who wittingly receiue stolen goods or giue any helpe to theeues are subiect no lesse then the theeues to the punishment of hanging In Germany there be very few robberies done by the high-way and those onely vpon footemen for they that passe by coach or horse carry long Pistols or Carbiners and are well accompanied But if any robbers affaile in respect of the seuere punishment they commonly kill In Germany they who are hanged for simple theft hang in iron chaines vpon the gallowes till they rot and consume to nothing but in Bohemia after three dayes they are cut downe and buried I did see one that had stolen lesse then fiue gold guldens whipped about the towne one that consented being led by his side for ignominy but not whipped I did see another small offender led to the
of her husband or shee any way gained to their children at her death whether shee gaue them to her husband in time of his life or no for it is alwayes presumed that shee got these things out of her husbands goods And if in any place there be no custome to determine this then the widow besides her fourth or equall part hath also the vtensile goods And in case the husband leaue no children then the widow hath her choise whether shee will receiue the third part or renouncing the same will retain vtensile goods and all other her owne goods mouable or vnmouable together with her dowry But if the husband leaue children the widow hath not this choise but must renounce all the rest and sticke to her third part And by custome of the Country her dowry and gift for mariage is doubled so as shee that brought one thousand guldens for her dowry shall haue two thousand guldens in the diuision of her husbands inheritance And the right which married parties by statute haue in one anothers goods cannot be taken from them by last Will and Testament Discoursing with men of experience I heard that the widowes of Princes whiles they remaine widowes possesse all their husbands estate excepting the Electorships which the next kinsman by the Fathers side administers by his right during the minority of the sonne and inioy also the tutorage of their children but if they marry againe the country frees it selfe from them with giuing them a tun of gold for Dowry And that the Daughters of Princes haue Dowries frō the subiects by subsidies collected vse to sweare before the Chancellor that their husbands being dead or vpon any accident whatsoeuer they will not retourne to burthen the Country That the Daughters of Gentlemen neuer marry to any of inferior degree then Gentlmen which is constantly kept by both sexes and are commonly bestowed with a small Dowry and since by the Law they cannot succeed in fees haue at the parents death only a part of their mouable goods with the vtensils proper to them and one sister dying her portion goes not to the brothers or their children as also the married Sister dying and leauing no Daughter her portion goes not to her own sons except liuing in health she bequeathed it to them in her Testament but to the Neece on the Mothers side Lastly that in case the goods of a dead woman are neither giuen by her last Testament nor any Kinswomen to her on the Mothers side can bee found her goods goe not to her owne Sonnes or male-Kinsmen but are confilcated to the Prince or in free Cities to the Common-wealth It is said that the Roman Emperor Caracalla was wont to say that only that Nation knew how to rule their wiues which added the feminine article to the Sunne and the masculine to the Moone as the Germans doe saying Die Sonn 〈◊〉 der Mont. And no doubt the Germans are very churlish to their wiues and keep them seruily at home so as my selfe in Saxony haue seene many wiues of honest condition and good estate to dresse meat in the kitchen and scarce once in the weeke to eate with their husbands but apart with the maides and after the meale to come and take away their husbands table and if they came to sit with him at table yet to sit downe at the lower end at least vnder all the men My selfe haue seene husbands of like quality to chide their wiues bitterly till they wept abundantly and the same wiues of good ranke very soone after to bring a chaire to the husband and serue him with a trencher and other necessaries The men being inuited to friends houses or any solemne feasts neuer goe in company with their wiues who goe alone with their faces couered It is no nouelty for a husband to giue a box on the eare to his wife And they scoffe at the Law in Nurnberg wich fines the husband three or foure Dollers for striking his wife as a most vniust Law It is ridiculous to see the wiues of German foote-soldiers going to the warre laded with burthens like she-Asses while the men carry not so much as their own clokes but cast them also vpon the womens shoulders And I should hardly beleeue that the Germans can loue their wiues since loue is gained by louelinesse as the Poet saith vt ameris amabilis esto He that for loue doth thirst Let him be louing first But they while they commaund all things imperiously in the meane time neither for dulnes court them with any pleasant speech nor in curtesie grace them in publike so much as with a kisse It is a common saying Dotem accepi Imperium vendidi I tooke a Dowry with my Wife And lost the freedome of my life But howsoeuer the Germans haue great Dowries in marriage and their Wiues haue power to make a Testament for disposing their goods with many like priuiledges and howsoeuer they be also prouoked with these iniuries yet the men keep them within termes of duty May not we then iustly maruell that Englishmen hauing great power ouer their Wiues so as they can neither giue any thing in life nor haue power to make a will at death nor can call any thing their owne no not so much is their garters yea the Law I must confesse too seuerely permitting the Husband in some cases to beate his Wife and yet the Husbands notwithstanding all their priuiledges vsing their Wiues with all respect and giuing them the cheefe seates with all honours and preheminences so as for the most part they would carry burthens goe on foote fast and suffer any thing so their Wiues might haue ease ride feast and suffer nothing notwithstanding no people in the World that euer I did see beare more scornes indignities and iniuries from the pampered sort of Women then they doe Surely either these our Women want the modesty of the Wiues or else our Men haue not I will not say the seuerity which I lesse approue but rather the grauity and constancy of the Husbands in Germany But while the Germans thus vse their Wiues like Seruants they behaue themselues as Companions towards their Seruants who bring in meate to the Table with their heads couered and continually talke with their Masters without any reuerence of the cap or like duty The Germans are neither too indulgent nor too sterne to their sonnes and daughters yet they giue them no tender education but as they bring their children naked into the hot stoaues so they expose them naked to frost and snow Neither doe they exact any humility or respect from their children who in all places are familiar with their Parents neuer stir their hats when they speak to them when they goe to bed they aske not blessing on their knees as our children doe but shake hands with them which is a signe of familiarity among friends in Germany as in most other places A Gentleman
Hamburg were wont to haue it in like sort for sixe yeeres and so by turnes they were wont to enioy it Lubecke of old had a Duke till it was subiected to the Empire by the Emperour Fredericke the first after whose death it became subiect to their Duke againe and after fiue yeeres became subiect to the Danes but by the helpe of Fredericke the second it freed it selfe from the Danes in the yeere 1226 and after by fauour of the Emperours obtained freedome and absolute power Both Lubecke and Hamburg are said of old to haue acknowledged the Kings of Denmarke but at last expelling the Kings Proctors they became free and submitted themselues to the defence of the Empire For which cause to this day they warily obserue the actions of the Kings of Denmarke and liue in feare and suspition of their attempts and howsoeuer they haue freedome and absolute power yet they are carefull to haue the fauour of the Kings of Denmarke because they haue power to hinder their trafficke in the Baltike Sea yet sometimes leagued with the neighbour cities which in the common cause of freedome are easily drawne to giue mutuall aide they haue made warres against the Kings of Denmarke with good successe Lubecke is commended for iust gouernment not to speake of their hospitality very faire and vniforme buildings and the very pleasant seate of the Towne It is gouerned by the ciuill Law and by statutes made by the Senate as also some made by the consent of the confederate cities No appeale to Vniuersities or to the Chamber of the Empire is admitted except the cause be aboue the value of fiue hundred dollers They lately made sumptuary Lawes restraining the number of guests and dishes in Feasts with penalties according to the excesse The Citizens yeerely chuse twenty new Senators and this 〈◊〉 chuseth of their number foure Consuls with a Iudge skilfull in the ciuill Lawes These Magistrates define all ciuill and criminal causes the whole Senate first examining them and iudgements are giuen by common consent with the doores shut but when any capitall iudgement is to be executed at the day appointed to the Malefactor and the very houre he is to die the hangman pronounceth the sentence in the market place The consuls take the highest place by turnes one in the morning the other in the afternoone at which times they also by turnes heare Ambassadours and receiue complaints Many Offices are deuided among the Senators two gather the rents others haue care of the wines which are sold in a publike house to publike vse no priuate man being allowed to make that gaine others ouersee the buildings that they be vniforme and strongly built and free from danger of fier and likewise the fortifications of the City Foure Serieants attired in red gownes attend the Senate and summon men to appeare besides twelue inferiour Serieants and they neither carry Sword nor any Mace before the Magistrates but follow them in the streetes like Seruants They doe not imprison any debtor or light offender but onely summon such to appeare before the Magistrate and declare to them the fines imposed for not appearing but they apprehend capitall offenders and preuent their escape by flight It is not lawfull for a creditor to put his debtor in prison but after a set time and with cautions prescribed in the Law of Saxony wherein notwithstanding they of Lubecke so fauour strangers as they onely haue right in this kind with expedition and haue a proper tribunall or seate of iudgement for themselues onely yet herein they seeme not fauourable to strangers in that they permit them not to dwell in the City otherwise they doe as the common vse is to keepe all commodities in the hands of Citizens not to be sold to strangers but by a Citizen especially since without the helpe of strangers they haue their owne ships to bring in and carry out all commodities Hamburg is in like sort gouerned but I cannot so much commend them for hospitality being rude to all strangers and malicious to Englishmen aboue others for no other cause then for that our Merchants leauing that City seated themselues at Stoade so as it was not safe for any stranger much lesse for an Englishman to walke abroade after dinner when the common people are generally heated with drinke And the very Iustice was herein commonly taxed not that they punished whoredom which no good man will disallow but that they permitted whores in great multitudes and yet fauoured the knauery of the Sergeants who combining with the whores intrapped men in their houses so as not onely the whores Sergeants made profit thereby but the very Magistrates were iustly suspected to approue this course for their owne gaine Brunswick an Imperiall City worthily to be numbred among the cheefe so called as the Village of Bruno is not farre distant from Hamburg and seated in the center of Saxony was of old as they say the Metropolitan City therof It consists of fiue Cities gathered into one wherof each hath his seuerall priuiledges and they are thus seated Alstatt is the part on the West side Newstatt on the North side Imsacke the part towards the East Imhagen Altweg built first of all the rest are the part towards the South And howsoeuer all these haue each their seueral Senators and priuiledges yet all of them iointly making the city of Brunswick liue vnder one common Law and gouernmēt the Senators of each by yerely courses gouerning the whole body of that common-wealth For howsoeuer tenn Consuls be yeerly chosen two of each City yet to the two Consuls of that City which by course is to gouern for the yeere the other eight as inferiour and much more all the Senators of the fiue Cities yeelde for the time great reuerence in the Senate and all meetings and great obedience in all things commanded One Senate house is common to all the fiue Cities yet each of them hath also a priuate Senate-house The forme of the publike gouernement is Democraticall or popular They liue in such feare of the Duke of Brunswick left he should take away their liberty as they haue not onely fortified the Towne very strongly against assaults or sieges but also willingly imploy their Citizens in forraigne warres as hired souldiers insomuch as no man is made free who hath not first serued one or two yeeres in the warres The Dukes of Brunswick of Luneburg deriue their pedegree from one root namely from the old family of the Dukes of Bauaria for Henrie called the Lion D. of Bauaria who was Duke and Elector of Saxony also commanding a most ample Territory being proscribed by the Emperour and for a time liuing as a banished man in England the Dukedome of Bauaria was by the Emperour giuen in Fee to the Palatines of the Rheine and so passed to a new Family This Henrie the Lion died in Brunswick about the yeere 1195. His eldest sonne Otho the fourth being