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A05313 The touchstone of complexions generallye appliable, expedient and profitable for all such, as be desirous & carefull of their bodylye health : contayning most easie rules & ready tokens, whereby euery one may perfectly try, and throughly know, as well the exacte state, habite, disposition, and constitution, of his owne body outwardly : as also the inclinations, affections, motions, & desires of his mynd inwardly / first written in Latine, by Leuine Lemnie ; and now Englished by Thomas Newton.; De habitu et constitutione corporis. English Lemnius, Levinus, 1505-1568.; Newton, Thomas, 1542?-1607. 1576 (1576) STC 15456; ESTC S93449 168,180 353

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Bloud 99. Scottes 18 Scoffers 101 Secke 102 Seede 85. 105. 106. pollution and effluxiō therof hovv it hapneth 113 Shauing of the beard helpeth memory 124 Shauing of the head ibid. Short stature vvherof it commeth 27 Sicknesse vvhat it is 12 Signes of sicknesse approching ibid. Sickly persons must eate little bread 156 Signes of a brain distempered 143 Signes of suche as bee subiecte to melancholy 147. Sinne cause of sicknesse and death 67 Sleepe and the commodities thereof 57. 73. time space therof 57. to vvhat vse it serueth 95. good for Cholerick persons 133 Sleepers soundly 57. Small vnquiet sleepers 58. Sleepe by day ill and vnholsome 58. good for rauing or Idlenesse of the brayne 152 Sleeping person heauier then a vvatching 5 Slouth and ease 52 Sound Parents beeget sound children 85 Solitarie persons subiect to the Apoplexie 61 Snailes life 62 Soule 12 Sounding 133 Soueraigntie of the hart 109 Spaniardes 18 Spettle 87 Speach hovv to be restored 126 Spirite 7 vvhat it is 8. requireth great care ibid. being in good case tēper causeth tranquillitie of mynde ibid. being distēpered it vvorketh sūdry motiōs bringeth disquietnes ibid vvhat thinges bee thereto moste hurtfull and vvhat most comfortable ibid. 19. 20. greatly comforted vvith svvete smelles 126 Spirite animall and theffects thereof 15 Spirite vital ibid Spirite of nature 20 Stammers 111. cannot speake softlye ibidē 147. Stitches 103 Stinking breath hovv it commeth 156 Stomacke and head engendrers and keepers of Phlegme 109 Store of hayre hovv it commeth 41 Strong breath and stinking mouthes 156 Studie by candlelight hurtful 74 Studentes exercises 75 Superstition 24 Supper 156 Svveate 87 T TAlnesse of personage 27 Temperance 60 Temperature vvhat it is 32. nine differences thereof ibid. subiect to chaunge 88 Testicles 85 Tettars 134 Text of Esay expounded 114 Themistocles vvished to learne the Arte of forgetfulnes 122. his nature disposition vvhile he vvas young 130 Thinges making good digestion spirites 5 Thinges good for the memory 125 Thinges not natural sixe 46 Thinne bloud 13 Three most holsome thinges for health 7 Timon a deadly hater of al men and al companye 143 Time for euery matter 77 Tokens of a cold complexion 64 Tokens of a moist body 80 Tokens of the dispositiō of phlegmaticke persons 114 Tokens of sanguine persons 99 Tormentes of an vnquiet minde and guilty cōscience 143 Tranquillitie of minde 31. 59 Traunce 103 Triall of good horses 54 Trophonius Denne 146 True goodes 2 Tumblers 101 Turpentine 72 Turpentine hovv to prepare it ibid. to make it liquide and potable ibid V VEnerie Vide Carnall acte Veyne opened shevveth oculerly ech of the four humours 86 Veines from vvhence they spring 89 Vertues defaced and marred by vices 44 Vitall moisture 7 Vitall spirite 12 Vlcers 134 Vnholsome meates spilleth nature 27 Vnablenes in some to beget children 43 Vomite must be seeldome prouoked 55 vvhen to vomite ibidē to vvhat persons it is most hurtful 56 Voyce 45 VV WAnne colour 65 VVasshing of the head 126 VVatching ouermuch hurtful 58 VVavvvard persons 12 VVhores 106 VVolfe a disease 134 VVomen full of hayre on their heads 42 VVomen hayrie lecherous ibid. cause of barrennes in vvomen 43 VVormevvood holsome for the Lyuer 104 VVringing in the small Guttes 129 VVyfe bravvlinge and skoldinge likened to a dropping house 110 VVylie Foxes 130 VVylie vvinckers 58 VVyne hurtfull to children 49. maketh the hart mery 138. VVisemen sometime fearefull 94 Y. Yoūgmen somtimes vveake vvearish feeble and vvhy 28 Youngman sodenly gray headed 91 Youth 29 Z ZEale vvithour knovvledge 25 Zelanders 17 Zeno. 5 T N. FINIS Lib. 2. Offic. Mainteners of health Health Sickenes Soule Sat. 10. True goods Health passeth gold Hor. lib. 1 epist. epist. ad Albium Nosce te ipsum Eccles 7 Death by ill diet many times hastened before his due time Lib. 2. Georg. The minde ib. 8. ca. 7. Mago made Liō tame VVhat maketh good digestion Eccle. 31. VVhat maketh a man merie The nature of Lupines A dead man heauier thē a lyuing Hor lib. 3 Oda 21. Euery man must search out his ovvn inclination and nature It is some●● time good to chaunge nature Lib. 12. Cap. 1. Genes 2. The commoditie of matrimony Three most holsome thinges Georg. 3 The bodye consisteth in thre things Humour Heate Spirite Pers Sat. ● Things hurt full to the spirits of man. Prouer. 17 Eccle. 30. Things cōfortinge the Spirits What Spirite is The heart is the fountaine of life Foure natural povvers The office of digestiō Howe affections are caused Cruditie hurtfull Oppilation and putrefaction the original cause of diseases What riott bringeth a man to Matth. 14 Iohn Baptist beheaded Disturbers of publique peace ought to be rooted out The fourme of a cōmon wealth 1. Cor. 12. Members of mans body Li. 2. Dec. 1. No mēber in the whole body but it serueth to some necessary vse Signes wherby to know when a man is not wel at ease Vital spirite Northern people Lib. 1. Grosse blud Thin bloud Whēce the diuersitie of natures cōmeth Rebelliō in the body Levvde thoughts Gen. 6. 8. Spirite animal 12. Meth. Erick kinge of Sweden Germans Hollāders Hollanders forgetful sleepie Old men children forgetfull Education altereth nature Zelāders The nature of such as be borne and bred neere the Sea. Flemyngs Brabanders Italians Italians wil couertly beare a secret grudge in mynde a great while Pers Sat. 5 Englishmen Englishmen and Scottes haue greate stomacks angry Spaniard● Vir. lib. 4. A Enei Spaniardes haue good wittes Frenchmen Frenchmen prompt and ready witted Good diet holesome Ayre Spirite of Nature The Spirite of the Lord. Psalm 33 Genes 1. Iohn 1. Hexa lib. Gen. 1. Lib. 3. de Arte amādi Lib. 6. Fast Actes 17. Aratus in Pheno Angels Hebr. 1. Lares Good Angels Ill Angels Daemō à sciendo 2. Para. 26 Hebr. 4. Psalm 7. How the deuil learneth the thoughts of mē One man a deuill to an other Matth. 4. 2. Cor. 12. Iob. 30. Howe farr● deuils are able to hurte vs. Humours giue occasion to vices Sapien. 1. Gen. 2. What the Holy Gh●● worketh 〈◊〉 vs. Gal. 4. Rom. 8. Fayth bringeth forth workes De preparat Euāg lib. 1. Superstition Art. Poet. Iuuē Saty 14 Tuscul 3. Rom. 10. Zeale withoute knowledge In Arte Poet. A Eneid lib. 1. IIII. Elemētes Tuēd valet lib. 1. Meate and Ayre a like necessary The nature of seede and bloud Cause of talnesse ●●ildren ●●ulde not s●āted of e●r victu● Naughty vnholesome meate spilleth nature Shorte stature how it commeth Olde age Death what it is Lustye olde age wherof it cōmeth ●hat ma●th yonge ●e weake What thīgs are hurtfull to health Art. Poet. Iob. 14. Infancie Childhod Pubertie Adolescencie Youth Mās age Death to the faythful not to be feared The times of the yeare compared to the ages of man. Metam lib. 15. Trāquillity and quietnes of mind Temperament Temperament Intemperatures Compound drouges named of
Yongmen and suche as bee in their flourishinge and lustye Age and full of humours do dye and take their ende muche like as when a great flaming fyer is sodeinlye quenched with great stoare of Water Againe he sayth that Oldmen decease like fyer that of it owne accord quencheth and wythout anye other violence goeth out What a deale of smoake what soote what sparkles do we see fly vp into the ayre what crackling noyse doth the great nūbre of sparkes make when we assay to quench a light burninge flame or with powring great abundaunce of water to slecke a great heape of woode layed al vppon one fyer Wherby we may coniecte what vehement and painefull struggling what sharpe conflicte what raginge sturre and stryuing is in a Yonge bodye when as throughe violence of Sicknesse or other destenie the lustynesse of his Nature being not yet spent his warme heat and lyuely Spyrites be oppressed and stifled To this ende is that elegante and apt comparison of Cicero For sayth hee as rawe and vnrype apples are not plucked from the Tree but by violence and force but beyng rype fall downe of theyr owne accord or wyth little touchinge So lykewyse the lyfe of Yonge men is taken away with force but of Oldmen by maturitie and rypenes This thought I good heere to enterlace as a thing not greatly besyde my purpose diligentlye aduertyzing all men euen from theyr infancy and childhoode to shunne and declyne all such things as are preiudiciall to their bodyes and harmeful to theyr health whether the same procede of outward or of inward causes Whosoeuer therefore is desyrous to keepe himself from beynge toosoone Old and to prolonge his lyfe as longe as may be must very diligently take heede of many lettes and hinderaunces that damuifye and lye in wayte to preiudice hys lyfe but namely and specially let him haue a carefull eye to keepe himselfe from this Dry plight state of body And by what mennes he may so do after certaine ●●tes first geeuen whereby to knowe what person is of this Complexion I will briefly and compendiously geeue plaine instructions asking to all Students and personnes politick doubtlesse right 〈◊〉 me profitable and expedi●●t to be know●● All they therfore that eyther of the Nature of their owne bodelye state and Complexion or by any defect in their Parents at theyr byrth procreation or finally by any accidentall myssehappe or custome of lyuing as by wāt of foode thought watch heauynes of mynd or immoderate labour haue commonly bodyes slender and thinne and their shinne where drynesse is great skuruye rugged vnseemely and lancke like vnto hunger-starued horses that lacke meate and attendaunce of colour ill fauoured swarte and yelowe as a Kites foote and at the last grymme visaged sower coūtenaunced faced lyke death fylthy loothsome and leane as a Rake to conclude in all respects resembling the Physsognomy and shape of Enuye described by Ouid. A face like Ashes pale and vvanne a body skraggie leane A learning looke and teeth all furde vvith drosse and fylth vncleane Her Stomacke greenish is vvith Gall her Tongue vvyth venime fraught And neuer laughes but vvhen missehappe or harme hath others caught No vvink of Sleepe comes in her eyes and rest she can none take For fretting carke and cancred care her vvatchfull still doth make Full sore against her vvill it is that any man should thryue Or prosper in his busynesse For that doth her depryue Of all her rest and quietnes thereat the hellish Elfe Doth stampe and stare doth fret and fume and pynes avvay herselfe And to her selfe a torment is for seeking to annoye The vvealth and state of other folkes herselfe she doth destroye And because drynesse feedeth vppon and wasteth all their humour they be thinne hayred and waxe soone bald crooke nayled their voyce feeble and slender and sometime squeakinge by meanes that drynes exasperateth their vocall artery their pulses beatīg faintly slow gate holow eyed pale lypped shrunken temples hanging cheekes cold crūpled eares of stature not greatly tal of sleepe which is a most sweete refuge release truce from laboures and cares through distemperature of the braine very litle And if theyr braine be altogether drye and hoate then is theyr Memory nought and in a maner none at all then be they very oblyuious blockeheaded and heauye spyrited For sythens the Spyrits fayle and be defectiue which as cleare syncere vapoure proceede out of purest bloud by the benefit of heate haue great force vertue in directing mouīg forward actiōs it is not possible that the faculties powers naturall beinge destitute of their forces should performe rightly discharge their due peculiar functions But if the vertue or power Animal be perfect vigorous the brain not altogether destitute of heate thē is the memory stedfast firme retentiue for as immoderat moystnes causeth forgetfulnes doltish folishnes as in yong Children dronkards appeareth so moderate drynesse with the helpe of measurable heate maketh a good and faithfull Memory highlye furthereth toward the attainment of Prudence Wysedome For a drye brightnes induceth a mynde full fraught wyth wysedome the more store of moystnes that is therein the lesse is the wit which thing wee do also note and see to come to passe by the ayre when the weather is skowling and not cleare For the Starres shine not bright out when the ayre is wyth cloudes and foggye mystes ouercast and darckened Nowe the cause why manye in their Oldage doate and become very forgetful albeit this Age be sayd to be most dry yet the same happeneth not by reason of drynes but of coldnes which manifestly preiudiceth and hindereth all the vertues offices of the mynd For out of it spryngeth madnesse losse of right wits amazednes rauing dotage and wante of the righte vse of the Senses whereby the vertues of Nature be so oppressed ouercharged the they be thereby eyther altogether disabled from perfourming their functions or at least do the same very faintly and feeblie Therefore when Memory is perished or affected it procedeth of some cold distēperature which must with things moderately hoate ▪ be remoued and expugned For to humect or to arefie is not the best way But if coldnes be ioyned with moystnes then to vse arefactiō if it be lynked with drynesse then to vse humectacion Now if this quality be not throughly settled and rooted these signes and tokens aforesayd do not exactly aunswere to this descriptiō but as the distēperaūce by litle litle groweth encreaseth so do they appeare shew forth thēselues euery day more and more Which happeneth namely to them that be affected wyth this habite not naturally but casuallye and accidentally or by some sicknes of the bodye or by some vexation of mynde For Temperamentes are subiect to many and sondrye alterations In some heate wasting spending vp moysture
to his admonitions or shryncke asyde and refuse the lore of his prescriptions and commaundmēts For many being hoodwinked and bewitched wyth the tryfling doctrine and friuolous traditions of mans inuention reiecte and forsake the pure and cleare founteyne that perpetually yeldeth most aboūdant store of the euerlasting water of lyfe and seeke after ryuers that are dryed vp and as Hieremie termeth it digge to themselues Cesternes and broken pitts that can holde no licour or drop of holesome dotryne That worthy constante and throughlye tryed Souldiour Iob bemoaneth his owne case offirming that in the nighte season hee was sore disquieted with troublesom dreames and dreadfull vysions For the nature office of Sleepe being nothinge else then a mitigation of labours a quiet surceassing for the time frō toyle and a refreshinge of the bodye with the busy cares and dealings of the day before wearied from these cares troubles did not his Sleepe in the nighte disburden and ease him but rather encreased and doubled the same that his minde still remayning terryfied with dreadful dreames and apparitiōs For thus doth he reason with himself and these complaints doth he vtter in that his worthy dialogue or rather Tragicomicall discourse If I thincke to my selfe that my bed d● shall comfort mee and mitigate my griefe and that I shal haue some ease and refreshing vppon my Couch then troublest thou me vvith dreames and makest me afrayed throughe visions insomuch that I vvishe for death to come and make an end of al my sorovves As touching the inwarde notes of this complexioned body and his inclination of mynde for a man ought in ech point and respect throughlye to be viewed and considered a hoate and moyste quality incident to bloude produceth in men diuerse natures and accordinge to the more or lesse mixture of other humours frameth in them sondry maners and diuers dispositions They that be meere Sanguine and haue none or very litle Melancholy or Choler mixed therwyth as most neerelye approchinge to the nature and Sense of brute beasts are commonly doltes and fooles or at least not greatly cumbred wyth much witte For sythēs as Galene sayth sharpnes finenes of wit cōmeth of Choler Constācy and stedfastnes of Melancholie Phlegme to the framynge and disposinge of the maners helpeth nothing neyther standeth in anye steede it remayneth then that simplicity and foolishnes proceedeth of Bloud Thus are yong Cattell which in comparyson of the elder ones haue greate stoare of Bloude for the most part as wee see foolishe sotlike and bettleheaded as Kyddes Calues yonge Sheepe Lambes young wyeld Kidds or Roebuckes yong Kyttons and the yonge of all other dumme Creatures besyde and amonge Men the neerer that any one approcheth to the nature of brute Beasts the more lyke vnto them in maners and conditions is hee Which thing any that is but meanely skilled in Natures works may easely iudge and discerne euen by certayne significations of theyr eyes and countenaunce eche of which is as a glasse wherin to behold and whereby to discouer the inward affections of the mynde In many men there is a greate resemblance affynitie in nature wyth other Beastes and the further that these digresse from the puritie of tēperament the lesse sway in them beareth Reason Iudgment Vnderstanding willingnes to doe good Wysedome and discretion to be short they are partakers of all those things that are commō to Beasts And thus there bee many which eyther for lack of good educatiō or through this deprauatiō of Nature degenerate into Beastes and in all their actiōs in one poynt or other resemble them in conditions Many like Wolues are bloud-suckers extortioners raueners Many like ●●erce cruell outragious and terrible lyinge in wayte to sheede bloud and hunting theyr brother to death As the Prīce vvil so sayth the Iudge Lykewyse sayth Ezechiel Iehoakim is become a Lyō vvhich hath learned to spoyle deuour folk to make vvidovves destroy their houses make their Cities desert Some be as foyinge gesturous and counterfe●cting of any thing by ymitacion as Apes Some Forlyke are suttle wylie deceiptfull and crafty to entrappe and catche the innocent at aduauntage And in lyke sorte there be others which resemblyng the nature and conditions of other beastes and degeneratinge from theyr integrity and excellencie humaine eyther degenerate quite into Beasts or at least become much lyke vnto them As for Childrē yonge Stryplinges aboute 14. or 15. yeares of age or vnder by reason that theyr bloude is pure and ful of swelling spyrit are still styrring quick nymble actiue wanton vnmodest malapert saucie proude wythoute wit and much giuen to toying and playinge for wee see them as wanton as Calues that is to say in mowyng with theyr mouthes in voyce gesture becks clapping of hands light songes vayne ioyfulnes where there is no cause immoderate myrth disordered fysking Vp downe and vncertayne motion gate all which do signify a shuttle waueryng nature a mynde subiect to great mutability and vncōstancy procedyng and caused of the boyling of theyr bloude wythin them which boyleth vp as it were seetheth in theyr V●ynes euen as new Wyne Ale or Beere spurgeth and worketh in the Tunne Hereuppon the Netherlanders and Lowe Duchmen haue deuysed certayne prouerbial termes wherewyth they are wonte commonlye to quippe those yonge princockes and lustye gallantes whom they see ouerioyed or toofarre gone in wanton iolity makynge themselues as ridiculous and iestyng stockes to the whole companye Neyther are they incited to these immoderate pleasures through reason or auy well stayed discretion but by impotencie of mynde and wylfull affection digressing and swaruyng from modestye temperaunce and moderacion y lack wherof googleth theyr vnstayed heades and caryeth them into many inordinate pranckes of childishe insolencie They also bewraye theyr owne vnconstancie and vnstayed mynds by much shaking of their heads and continual playing and toying wyth theyr handes and feete insomuch that some accompt them no better then starke mad or persons distract of their right wittes Neyther do they sind themselues occupyed in any earnest matter that is to any good purpose neyther shew they forth eyther in woordes or deedes any piece of wysedome but vndecētly for theyr age lasciuiouslye retourne vnto their boyishnes agayne whereas meeter it were in respect of theyr time passed nowe to fall to some thryft and to frame theyr lyfe after the prescription of some good order Hereuppon doe wee vse a Prouerbiall similitude taken of the nature and conditions of yonge Calues which in the Sprynge tyme of the yeare in the greene pastures when theyr bellyes be ful skippe and leape vp and downe wantonlye and toyingly fysking and iumpynge now this waye nowe that waye nowe rounde about one whyle raysing themselues vppon the forefeete an otherwhyle vpon the hynder Leggs whose maners fashyōs such yōg youthes as in their daily order of lyfe do imitate