the union of all these parts is to be discovered that we may see the entire frame of the whole course which is conformable unto the will of God in all things as well inwardly as outwardly in all Duties at once which will make up the substance of the parts of a Godly life And to bring us unto this Perfection God hath given a peculiar Rule whereunto he doth oblige all men to be so fully conformable that whosoever transgresseth in any one Point thereof is guilty of all Jam. 2. 10. because the true and perfect observation of any one Duty doth import a full confirmity of our Wills to the Will of him who doth command all the rest and the transgression of Gods will in any one particular doth bewray an inconformity of our wills from the will of him who doth command all the rest and this is to be a transgressor of the whole Law because the whole Law is nothing else but the will of God and the substance of the whole Obedience is nothing else but a total subjection of our wills unto his will as it is revealed in the Law Rom. 2 20. for God hath given the form of knowledge and of the truth in the Law to this end that we should not displease him but to sâ—udy to please him in all things for the whole substance of our Religious fear and love is conâ—racted unto this aim that we should do nothing that is displeasing but every thing as it is acceptable unto him Our performance 〈◊〉 of all Duties in order to the fulfilling of Gods will and observance of the Law is the substance of the whole life of godliness For the Ten Commandments given in Mount Sinai which God wrote 〈◊〉 in Tables of Stâ—ne are the Universal Rule of Righteousness as they contain the nature of all Duties which are generally obliging unto every one and as they comprehend in one expression both the Spiritual and Bodily perfection of every Humane Action The Doctrine then of the Ten Commandments should be delivered to this effect in Four distinct Heads The First should contain the Rules of interpreting the Commandments The Second should let us see the Abstract of all the Duties commanded and sins forbidden therein The Third should let us know the Definition or Description of all these Duties and Sins with the Means and Helps subordinate unto the duties and the causes which beget and the signes which manifest the sins and although perhaps some of the things formerly mentioned in some of the parts of the life of godliness may come to be named here again yet this is not to be counted any Tautologie or superfluity because the same thing may be more then once handled under different notions and respects in severall places Here then all duties whatsoever and every thing opposite thereunto are only to be handled as they are commanded and forbidden in the Law which is the universall rule of Righteousness to shew the perfection of the Law and the nature of every action as it agreeth or disagreeth with the rule and the quality of every vertue and vice as it is ranked by God in the whole frame of that life which the Law doth require or condemn all which are material points of knowledge and can no where be properly handled but in this consideration of the Law The fourth and last head should describe the watch which all men should have aswell over themselves as over others for the observation of the Law for as all particular vertues make up but one perfection of obedience by their conformity unto the Rule of the Law so all mens observation of the Law in their several wayes doth make up but one submission to the will of God in them all their joynt care of each others conformity unto the Law for all Professors as they are members of each other in Christ make up but one body and spiritual man in him and this is the substance of the whole life of godliness when by the grace and truth which is in Jesus Christ the righteousness of the Law is fulfilled in us who walk not after the flesh but after the spirit for the Law of the spirit of life which is in Christ being through Faith effectuall in us to free us from the Law of sin and death which is in our nature doth make us conformable unto all that is well-pleasing unto God so that in every thing we are enabled to prove what is that holy perfect and acceptable will of God Which things being laid open I suppose all that justly may be desired concerning the substantials of the life of godliness in the whole and parts will be sufficiently discovered and so the second part of this body of Practical Divinity will be made up Of the Circumstantials of the Life of Godlinesse ALthough the former rules of Piety which are common to all Believers and Professors may well suffice to direct every one upon all occasions what to do not only because they contain the grounds of all duties and the properties of all vertues but because God in the Covenant hath expresly promised that he himself will teach all his children and Christ hath engaged himself to send unto his Disciples a spirit which shall lead them in all truth yet seeing the Scripture doth lay open not only the substantiall rules of the whole Profession in the general nature of vertue and vice by the precepts of the Law but doth mention in particular tearms the circumstantial duties also which are considerable in order to the Profession therefore these ought distinctly to be opened and made the third part of this body Where again I shall desire that it may be observed that the things here to be handled should be distinguished from the same things handled before in this respect that in the foregoing part all actions are to be considered in order to that which is their perpetuall nature and substantial property never to be altered but in this part all actions are to considered in order to that which is alterable in them according to the circumstances therefore in the former part although the heads of all things which are to be mentioned here may be brought in and named in their own places yet the handling of them ought not to go any further then to define the universal nature and properties thereof as it is common to all times places cases and circumstances but in this part the particular cases and circumstances which are ordinarily incident to persons of several conditions are to be taken into consideration to shew them the rule of their walking therein to observe that which is righteous and answerable to the Law Here then we presuppose the knowledge of the definition and true notion of all vertues and vices which is the proper work of the substantial Doctrine for under that respect all things are handled there and we reflect upon the various subjects objects relations and occasions of putting forth these actions which
practise that which they taught but by their transgression of the Law they did dishonour God Rom. 2. 21 22 23. And the Gentiles to whom together with the Jews the light of the Gospel was and is revealed shall be condemned because they loved darkness rather then light Joh. 3. 19. And he that may know all Mysteries may yet want Charity and be nothing as to the happiness and life of God But although all this knowledge of Truth which is Antecedent to the enjoyment of the life of God may be void of the practise of Truth and so come short of happinesse yet it may also through the practise of Truth become effectuall unto happiness if God make it fruitfull which he doth according to his own pleasure in giving saving faith whereby the heart is purified that it may become obedient to all his will by which means the soul partaketh of the life of God and becometh truly happy This knowledge then doth not otherwise make us happy but as it bringeth us unto this estate As for the other knowledge of Gods Truth which followeth upon our union with him it is nothing else but a further confirmation of the soul in the truth which it hath received unto life and an enlargement thereof by the enjoyment of God in his power for Christ doth give us two promises to that effect The first is that by the truth of obedience we shall come to the clearing of doubts concerning intellectual matters for Joh 7 v. 17. he saith If any man will do the will of him that sent me he shall know of the Doctrine whether it be of God or whether I speak of my self And the second is that upon the keeping of the Commandments both the Father and the Sonne will manifest unto the soul which loveth them their presence in love For Christ saith Joh. 14. 21 23. He that hath my Commandments and keepeth them he it is that loveth me and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father and I will love him and manifest my love unto him and if any man love me he will keep my words and my Father will love him and we will come unto him and make our abode with him Here the manifestation of Gods presence which is both the light and power of life unto the soul is the consequent of the obedience of faith and so it is in that of St John 1 Epist Chap. 5. 20. And we know that the Son of God is come and hath given us an understanding that we may know him that is true and we are in him that is true even in his Son Jesus Christ this is the true God and eternall life This is a reflexive knowledge from God upon our selves in the enjoyment of him as our happiness and so is that 1 Joh. 3. 14. We know that we have passed from death to life because we love the brethren So then we see that all truth as it is the object of contemplation is nothing else but a Preparative to or a consequent of the Truth which is the object of Action The Practicall truth then is the main thing to be heeded for to it the Theoretical is either subservient and subordinate or a necessary and infallible effect The Apostle maketh this evident by the nature of his Ministry which Tit. 1. 1. he saith Is to be an Apostle according to the faith of Gods Elect and the acknowledgment of the truth which is after Godlinesse Intimating clearly that as his Apostle-ship was appointed by God to beget faith in the Elect by their acknowledgment of the truth so the acknowledgment of the truth and faith is appointed to beget the life of Godliness in Believers Therefore as the end and perfection of his Apostleship was the begetting of faith by the acknowledgment of the truth nor was he warranted to teach or do any thing which did not tend to that end and effect So the end and perfection of all true knowledge is the life of Godlinesse nor is any knowledge in spirituall things warrantable or any thing to be accounted a truth which doth not tend to this end and effect Godliness therefore which is the practise of divine Truth is the measure of all intellectuall truths for whatsoever matter of knowledge is not proportionate subordinate and subservient unto the production of the life of God in the soul of a Beleever is not to be received as a divine Truth for the faith of Gods Elect is in the acknowledgement of none other truth but of that which is after Godlinesse From all which we shall inferre this Conclusion That the study of Practical Divinity is of farre greater concernment unto all and far more to be heeded esteemed and entertained in the Schools of the Prophets then the study of contemplative Mysteries and notions of Divinity whereupon Controversal matters are ordinarily attendants And seeing there are so many bodies and Systemes of Theoretical and Controversal matters that it would be no easie task to any man to reckon them all up and yet there is not so much as one compleat body or Systeme of Practical Divinity found in all the Churches whereunto we see nevertheless that all Theoretical Truths ought to be referred directed as to their end it is evident that therein there is a manifest defect and that much is wanting hereby to the increase of publique Edification to the supply of spiritual Consolation and to the settlement of a sound Reformation in all the Churches which may be remedied by a Body of this nature Now by this which we call a Body of Divinity is meant a full Collection and an orderly disposition of all divine Truths which are after godliness under several distinct heads and matters to the end that from the holy Scriptures the man of God may be perfectly instructed and throughly furnished with sufficient helps and directions which by the Spirit of Faith may not onely make him wise unto salvation but able also to work all his works in God And concerning this Body Seeing I am intrusted and conscionably obliged as in the presence of God to solicite the same towards those that are able to contribute their Talents to make it up I conceive it may be an advantage to the Work to offer up the parts thereof unto their consideration that the number of tasks being distinguished and known such as God shall inable and stir up to manifest his truth and to joyn with others in compleating this work may know what tasks to chuse and how to concurre with each other in elaborating the same I shall therefore with due respect unto better judgements offer these following thoughts unto such as shall be undertakers in this Work First I lay this Fundamental Rule to be observed in the contrivance of the whole and of every part of the Work viz. That the Number and Measure of the Parts of this Bodie should be made sutable and proportionate to the end thereof that as nothing should be
to us in that Instrument 3. The Motives for which we should embrace and entertaine the same for if any of these three points be wanting we cannot be sound in the observation thereof Concerning the true Instrument of the Covenant we believe the same to be the Canonical Scriptures whereof two things must be known First What the proper Character of Canonical Scripture is Secondly How the truth of God for the knowledge of the Covenant is therein offered unto us Concerning the first this is to be believed That no Books are to be accounted Canonical Scripture that is the Word of God revealing his Covenant to Mankind but such as are written in the Hebrew Tongue and were given to the Jewish Church to be a Rule of their profession in order to the Covenant or were written in the Greek tongue and were given to the first Churches of Christianitie as well Jews as Gentiles for the same end Concerning the second this is to be believed That these Books offer the Covenant unto our Consideration and all divine Truths belonging to the knowledge thereof with infallible and uncontrolable authority most perfectly and very clearly to such as have an upright desire to know it And concerning these three Matters of Infallibility Perfection and Evidence which we believe to be in the Scripture this is further more distinctly to be believed 1. Concerning the infallibility of the Scripture we believe that the truth of God revealed in the Canonical Scriptures is so highly and incontrolably credible that no man no not an Apostle himself nor an Angel from Heaven is to be believed who should contradict the same but all Men Churches Councels Fathers Schools and their Writings Sayings Actions and Thoughts concerning divine Matters are to be examined thereby as by the onely rule of truth and righteousnesse and if they agree not therewith they are to be rejected 2. Concerning the perfection of the Canon we believe That the Word of God revealed therein is so compleat both for the matter and manner of expression that neither any thing unprofitable is therein delivered nor any thing profitable or needful to be known therein omitted but all things of Doctrine and Reproof of Correction and Instruction in Righteousness and for Comfort whether to be believed or hoped for or to be done or left undone unto salvation are more then sufficiently laid open and prescribed in a form of sound words which ought not to be altered so that all heathenish Philosophie in Divine matters and all humane Traditions and will-worship in the service of God are to be utterly rejected nor is it lawful for any to conceive that they can speak of matters of Faith more exactly and properly in respect of the things themselves or more conveniently and fitly in respect of the Capacities of men then the Holy Ghost hath done in those Writings 3. Concerning their clearness this is to be believed That the word of God revealed therein is so evident and easie to be understood that the meanest Capacitie of those that are come to the years of discretion if they be godly and desirous to do Gods will searching the Scriptures diligently may without difficulty comprehend all things necessary to be known unto salvation so that none ought by reason of any supposed darkness to be therein to abstain from reading the Scriptures which is a duty most sutable and necessary to all Of the things belonging to the Tenour of the Covenant COncerning the Tenour of the Covenant as it is revealed in the Canonical Scriptures three things must be opened First Who the Parties are which are concerned therein and what their Relation is to one another Secondly What the form of the contract is according to which the Covenant is made with those that are concerned therein Thirdly What the way is by which it is established amongst men that they may embrace it and have the benefit thereof Of the parties THe Parties concerned in the Covenant are God and Man at a distance by reason of sin and Jesus Christ the Mediator of God and man who reconcileth them by his satisfaction and righteousness Of God GOd is to be taken notice of as he hath revealed himself in his Word to be the Saviour and our God by a Covenant so that nothing is either necessary or profitable to be known of him further then what serves for this end and to this effect he hath revealed himself in his Being in his Will and in his Works His Being is revealed in the Properties of his nature and the subsistence thereof which we call Personalitie The Properties of his Nature are revealed to shew what he is and who he is The Properties shewing what he is That he is a Spirit living of himself Joh. 4. 24. and 5. 26. The Properties shewing who he is are these That he is the onely true God alone in Being infinite eternal incomprehensible every where present simple unchangeable all-knowing all wise all-free all-just all-holy all-mighty all-happy all-good all-true all-faithfull and full of all mercy and compassion His subsistence is in three who bear witness in Heaven the Father the Word and the Holy Ghost and these three are one and the same God 1 Joh. 5. 7. The Father unbegotten the Son onely begotten and the Holy-Ghost proceeding from the Father and the Son His Will is revealed in the properties of his Counsels which are wise good free and established for ever His Works are revealed in the Creation Preservation and Government of the World and especially of Mankinde therein over whom he delighteth to exercise Loving kindness Judgement and Righteousness in the Earth for his own Jer. 9. 24. Glory and according to the tenour of the Covenant Of Man MAn is to be taken notice of as he is spoken of in the Word to be of God to belong unto God and obliged to depend upon God by a Covenant in his Three-fold state 1. In the state of Innocencie 2. In the state of Guilt and Misery 3. In the state of Grace and Reconciliation unto God Of the Mediator Jesus Christ JEsus Christ the Mediator of the new Covenant between God and Man is revealed in the Word to relate unto both 1. In respect of his two-fold Nature in one person 2. In respect of his threefold Office of Prophet Priest and King whereunto he was anointed 3. In respect of the performance of all Duties belonging to those Offices in his two-fold state the one of Humiliation by his life and death on earth the other of exaltation by his power and glory in heaven In all which as the fitness which is in Christs Person Natures and offices to work out redemption for us and to settle the Covenant of Grace between God and us is to be taken notice of so the Work First of Reconciliation between God and us as this was effected according to the purpose of God in the Covenant Secondly Of the Restitution of our nature to a state of Union and Communion