we may make our most humble Addresses to the Throne of Grace to Celebrate God's Glory and present our own needs to our Eternal and most gracious Creator and Redeemer God out of his most signal Love and Mercy did highly espouse Man's happiness in refining the Oeconomy of Nature The New Covenant is founded upon more Gracious concessions and clearer promises then the Old by establishing a new and better Covenant with him founded upon better terms and upon more gracious concessions of greater and clearer promises of the Gospel giving us both the History of our Saviour's Life as our great Example to imitate and of his most dolorous Passion and ignominious Death upon the Cross whereon he freely offered himself as a Propitiatory Sacrifice for the Sins of the whole World And did institute two most holy Ordinances of Baptism and the Lord's Supper that in the first the Laver of Regeneration we might be washed by his most precious Blood from the guilty pollutions of Original Sin and in the second the more high Sanction of the Holy Eucharist we might spiritually by Faith in a most mysterious manner eat his Flesh and drink his Blood and thereby participate the Merits of his most bitter Death and Passion by whose mediation and the supernatural aids of his holy Spirit we may first rise from the death of Sin to the life of Righteousness and afterward by the power of his Resurrection we may rise from the Grave to accompany him to Glory To God the Father Son and Holy Ghost to the Three Persons in one Godhead be given all Honor Glory Eucharist and Adoration for ever and ever Amen The Enumeration of the CHAPTERS of both VOLUMES The Contents of Diverse Hypotheses relating to Experimental Philosophy of diverse CHAPTERS Chap. 1. TReats of the Parts and Dispositions of Humane Bodies described Mechanically under General and Particular Notions Page 1. Chap. 2. Of Natural and Artificial Fermentation of Liquors as holding Analogy with those of Man's Body p. 17 Chap. 3. Of various Ferments productive of Intestine Motion in reference to Alimentary and vital Liquors p. 22 Chap. 4. Of the Fermentative Power of Aethereal and Aereal Particles advancing the Chyle and Blood of Humane Bodies p. 28 Chap. 5. Of the nature of Blood and how it is supported by Chyle and refined by Glands p. 41 The Contents of the First Part of the First Book consisting of Thirty one Chapters Chap. 1. OF the Outward Skin p. 45 Chap. 2. Of the Inward Skin p. 48 Chap. 3. Of the Skin of Fish and Shells and Skin of Insects and of the Cuticle and Bark of Plants Page 49 Chap. 4. Of the Cuticle and Bark of Plants p. 52 Chap. 5. Of Pathology specified in many Disaffections and Diseases of the Cuticula and Cutis the Outward and Inward Skin p. 54 Chap. 6. Of diverse Diseases incident to the Skin commonly called Itch Scabs and Scurfe p. 59 Chap. 7. Of the Cure of cutaneous Diseases p. 62 Chap. 8. Of Freckles Spots Morphew and the like p. 68 Chap. 9. Of the Itch and Scabs p. 73 Chap. 10. The Cure of a Cutaneous Disease the Leprosy of the Greeks p. 72 Chap. 11. Of the Membrana Adiposa vulgarly called Carnosa of the Fat Membrane p. 73 Chap. 12. De Membrana Musculorum Communi of the common Integument of the Muscles p. 78 Chap. 13. Of the History of the Muscles Mechanically describing their Figures and Integral parts p. 80 Chap. 14. Of the Muscles of the Belly and their several motions p. 87 Chap. 15. Of Muscular Motion p. 99 Chap. 16. Of the manner of Muscular Motion p. 101 Chap. 17. Of progressive Motion p. 106 Chap. 18. Of the several Centers Origens Insersertions and Actions of Muscles relating to progressive motion p. 109 Chap. 19. Of the progressive Motion of Four-footed Animals p. 115 Chap. 20. Of the Flying of Birds p. 118 Chap. 21. Of the Flying of Insects p. 123 Chap. 22. Of the Swimming of Fish p. 124 Chap. 23. Of the creeping of Animals p. 127 Chap. 24. Of Pathology relating to the Muscles of the Body 133 Chap. 25. Of Tumors incident to the Muscular parts p. 142 Chap. 26. Of a Rheumatisme p. 151 Chap. 27. Of the Peritonaeum or Rim of the Belly p. 161 Chap. 28. Of the Pathology of the Peritonaeum and Cavity of the Belly p. 164 Chap. 29. Of a Tympanitis p. 171 Chap. 30. Of the Omentum or Caul p. 179 Chap. 31. Of the Pathology of the Caul p. 190 The Contents of the Second Part of the First Book consisting of Fifty three Chapters Chap. 1. OF the Three Apartiments of Man's Body p. 197 Chap. 2. Of the Lips and Cheeks p. 202 Chap. 3. Of the Gooms and Teeth 207 Chap. 4. Of the Pathology of the Teeth 211 Chap. 5. Of the Pathology and Cures of the Teeth Chap. 6. Of the pains of the Teeth 215 Chap. 7. Of the Palate of Man and other Animals 219 Chap. 8. Of the Tongue of Man 224 Chap. 9. Of the Sense of Tasting 231 Chap. 10. Of the manner of Speaking 236 Chap. 11. Of Spittle 239 Chap. 12. Of the Muscles and Glands of the Cheeks 243 Chap. 13. Of the Muscles of the lower Jawe 244 Chap. 14. Of the manner of Chewing preparing the Aliment for Concoction 245 Chap. 15. Of the uses of Chewing 246 Chap. 16. The Pathology of the Tongue Palate and Uvula 249 Chap. 17. Of the Gulet 252 Chap. 18. Of the Gulet of Man 258 Chap. 19. The Pathology of the Gulet 260 Chap. 20. Of the Stomach 264 Chap. 21. Of the Stomachs of Beasts 269 Chap. 22. Of the Stomachs of Birds 272 Chap. 23. Of the Stomach of Fish Page 276 Chap. 24. Of the Appetite of Hunger Page 279 Chap. 25. Of the Appetite of Thirst Page 282 Chap. 26. The Pathology of the Appetitive Faculty relating to the Stomach Page 287 Chap. 27. Of the Retentive Power of the Stomach Page 290 Chap. 28. The Pathology of the Retentive Faculty relating to the Stomach Page 294 Chap. 29. Of Chylification Page 296 Chap. 30. The Pathology of the Heat relating to the Stomach Page 299 Chap. 31. Of the Nervous Liquor as a Ferment belonging to the Stomach in order to Chylification Page 301 Chap. 32. Of the serous Ferment of the Stomach Page 305 Chap. 33. Of the Matter of Chylification Page 309 Chap. 34. Of the manner of Chylification Page 112 Chap. 35. Pathology of the Concoctive Faculty of the Stomach Page 319 Chap. 36. Of the Expulsive Faculty of the Stomach Page 329 Chap. 37. Of the Pathology and Cures of the Expulsive Faculty of the Stomach Page 334 Chap. 38. Of the Intestines of Man Page 344 Chap. 39. Of the Guts of Beasts Page 355 Chap. 40. Of the Guts of Birds Page 357 Chap. 41. Of the Guts of Fish Page 358 Chap. 42. Of the Guts of Insects Page 362 Chap. 43. Of the Concoctive Faculty of the Guts p. 363 Chap. 44. Of the Expulsive Faculty of the Guts
Peace and Health The Soul being receptive of high pleasure and satisfaction in obeying her Maker's commands Body and Soul meet together in mutual happiness Passions of the Wings of the Soul and Body doth impart a secret joy to the Body rendring it vivid and active to celebrate its natural operations whereupon the Animi Pathemata may be truly said according to received Philosophy highly to influence the Body Nobler Passions relating to the Triade of Love Joy and Hope are so many fine Wings to elevate the Soul and Body by exalting them to vertuous inclinations full of Honesty and Honor but on the other hand Hatred Sorrow and Despair are so many Weights or Bolts and Chains to depress and enslave the sensitive and rational Faculties and their operations often productive of sickness as an entry into the Chambers of Death The cheerful resentment of our duty to God and Man Our duty to God and Man giveth a serenity to the Soul and Body giveth a Heaven to the Soul and a serene temper to the Body in a sweet composure of its disagreeing Humors speaking us free and healthy as we are put into a capacity of enjoying our selves and Friends in a pleasant or amicable converse Good Fellows and Debauchees The Sentiments of Debauches are fond the only wise Men as they fancy have other Sentiments and deem their freedom much confined within the severe bounds of Temperance by giving too great an allay to the swing of their sensual enjoyments in reference to the indulgence of full Cups and variety of Mistresses But with their permission I conceive their apprehensions are very fond by reason Persons of sobriety transcend them in true sensual delight True sensual pleasure consists in Sobriety and have their Appetites more high as eating and drinking with greater gust when hungry and thirsty and enjoy Venereal pleasures with greater and more chaste flames according to our Saviours institution in Marriage rendring themselves immortal by propagation While the coy Appetites of irregular Persons are unduly hightened by high Gouts forced Meats and strange Provocatives which give false fire as it were lighting a Lamp at both ends and speedily exhausting the Oyl which supporteth the vestal flames of Life The fond Sensualists become untimely Fops Sensualists tire themselves in sensual pleasure by tiring themselves in over-acting their parts in the painted scenes of Pleasure and are Pageants in seeming to personate that which they cannot enjoy and antedate themselves bewiched making themselves the scorn of Curtizans before the time prescribed by Nature and by drinking too free Cups of generous Liquor do at once lose their Reason and Taste wherein they are made void of Sense and Pleasure A Good Fellow is called Boracio by the Italian a Hog's Skin filled with Wine as if his Gulet served for no other end but a Tunnel to pour down drink into his Belly as into a Hogshead which being often emptied by an extream part as by a Tap groweth at last closed up in a Dropsy so that the vessel of the Belly remaineth always full wherein the Patient groweth Thirsty when swelled with over-much Liquor Drowning and Burying the noble parts as in a Puddle These high pretenders purchase pleasure at a dear rate Inordinate sensual pleasures are countermanded by pain and are often worsted in Venus Camp and come off with broken Shins and cut Noses as so many scars and marks of dishonour so that the great Judge out of his tender Mercies mixeth Sweets with Bitter to punish stupid offenders by countermanding their vain pleasures as an earnest of future Torments and with horrid pains by banging us as Slaves with blows upon our Shoulders Arms Thighs and Leggs to make us sensible of our great prevarications to preserve our Health and Life Spiritual Aberrations are the more peculiar Diseases of the Mind Pride Spiritual prevarications are the diseases of the Mind by which some setting too great a value upon their parts and perfections do justly lessen themselves in the esteems of others to give a Reprimand to Supercilious persons for their arrogant deportment wherein they grow discontented upon being scorned and neglected as a due punishment for their insolent folly The envious person groweth sick at anothers greater Health The envious person is rendred unhappy by anothers prosperity looketh with an ill Eye upon his prosperous neighbour to whom he ought to wish all happiness in common Humanity as an associate of the same nature with himself and seemeth secretly to quarrel with his Maker in giving another a greater portion of his benefits whereas he ought in all reason to receive the Blessings of the Almighty whether more or less with a cheerful Look and thankful Heart who out of providence disposeth all things in great Wisdom and Justice The Glutton indulgeth his Palate in variety of Delicacies The Glutton killeth himself with kindness wherein he treateth his great Enemy and giveth him advantage to encounter him with the greater force by raising his rebellious Appetite to such a hight that he cannot subdue his inordinate inclinations and nourisheth his Body with dainty Fare to so great a fulness that he killeth himself with kindness in exalting his Blood to a Plethora thereby rendring himself liable to an Hospital of Diseases Inveterate Anger degenerates into Malice ulcering the Mind perverting the fine Oeconomy of Soul and Body taking away the Gaiety of our Nature and Compleasance of our Temper Anger and Malice are the Canker of the Soul putting us upon ill wishes variety of quarrels and revenge whereupon we being highly discomposed in our Minds the Crasis of our Blood is spoiled and we rendred obnoxious to great diseases censures and clamours to the pity of some and scorn of others Ambition putteth us upon a vain expectation of Honour or Fortune Ambition by lifting us up high maketh our fall the greater which is often disappointed by a fruitless success and mounteth us up by irregular motions to a Sphere above our Selves to speak us great in the opinion of the World making us to walk upon Rocks and Precipices from which we tumble and dash our Selves in pieces and Phaeton like lose our fond Selves and empty Designs Thus have I given a prospect of some great Aberrations which speak a high discomposure to the Mind and sickness to the Body whereupon it is my humble Advice to espouse as our good the salutary precepts of Piety Justice and Temperance which being of a Spiritual temper make us akin to the Great Heavenly Mind Virtue maketh us akin to the Heavenly mind in stamping his Image upon us which giveth a Blessing in the Temporals of this life as being a defensative against Sickness and Death Nothing can speak a greater honour and advantage to the Professors of Arts and Sciences Humane Bodies and Societies are advanced by Health and Happiness then to be Lovers of Mankind and to espouse such Principles and Methods as may prove effectual preservatives of Humane Bodies and Societies founded in Health
obligation upon Man to obey him his great intendment in the Creation of Man who had the highest obligation imaginable to pay a Duty and Obedience to him which was in effect the first law of Nature afterward reinforced by a positive Command given to the head of Mankind So that these bonds of Nature did therefore pass into Laws because the breach of them was Criminal inferring a Penalty proportionable to the transgression testified in guilt a necessary consequent of Man's prevarication darting a Sting into his Conscience which is the practical part of the Soul striking a terror into Man and is as a Judge trying and sentencing him to some great Temporal or Eternal punishment And there is a great content in doing our duty to God to our Neighbour and to our selves The doing our Duty to God giveth a great satisfaction which is a grateful repose of Bodies in their proper center So the prevarication of the prime Laws of Nature The breach of God's Law speaks an horror and amazement to the offender is like a Limb out of joynt a Palate out of taste and giveth an uneasiness of spirit horror and amazement even in our great privacies and retirements So that the guilt of our inordinate desires assasinates us striking us in the face with frequent blushes and horrid aspects our disloyalty to our Maker woundeth our very hearts and striketh a Dart in our Souls and terrifieth our Spirit hauting us like a cruel Ghost that is ever ready to inflict a severe revenge upon us This secret punishment is attended with a Divine Hand lifted up high and hanging over our heads ready to destroy us The breach of the natural Law hath a peculiar Penalty He that abuseth his Neighbour must look for the same equality of treatment beside the great anguish of a troubled Conscience The Man that offereth a Violence to his Neighbor must look to find severe rencounters from him seeing there is an equality of Right and Power according to the Law of Nature every Man having an equal priviledge in Nature to defend his Peace and Property by the disturbance of another Man and when he hath been first aggrieved by oppression of another every man is apt to vindicate himself by the same method of Justice He that offers a Violation to another Man's Interest must expect to have the order of his own happy life perverted The law of Retaliation is a Sanction founded in Nature The breach of the Law of Retaliation in a high Crime is punished with death whereupon if I unreasonably prosecute another Man by undue methods I become the instrument of my own unhappiness and so by several steps and periods of Injustice I arrive at last at the hight of infelicity the loss of Life For it is reasonable that one Insolency should be punished by another of the same kind and if I cut off another Man's Head I must look in proportion to lose my own and if I seize my Neighbors Estate I must expect by the same natural justice to be deprived of my own For every man is as obnoxious to as great mischief as he offers and the offended Person is not naturally guilty of Injustice when he is his own Carver in inflicting the punishment heretofore when no provision was made by positive Laws He that debaucheth himself to a high degree of Intemperance is punished with folly and madness for a time The punishment of Intemperance and afterward when he cometh to himself may seriously reflect upon his Error in the glass of his punishment which at once giveth him a sight of the Law and the Sin And when the first Law in Nature was prevaricated in our disloyalty to our Maker Death the punishment of the first prevarication in Adam in speaking the violation of his Honor and when the greatest of natural evils was offered to our Neighbour the Oeconomy of Nature was wholly perverted and Death became the instance of the highest punishment the loss of the offenders being upon earth And thus Death stepped into the World The penalty holdeth Analogy with the prevarication of the Law as inflicted by a Divine hand upon account of a great prevarication when the head of Mankind broke the first positive Law and then render himself liable to the loss of the greatest natural good to the deprivation of Life it self which was not brought in upon a small prevarication of the Law but in such a high instance as the evil of the action held an Analogy with the evil of the Penalty else every case of Injustice every circumstance of Intemperance would betray us to the greatest of natural Evils Some things are rendred evil by the breach of a positive command and they are morally so others are naturally evil by a deficiency from the rule of Nature in case of an irregular Appetite in point of Intemperance The first ushered in Death by violating the Signature of the prime superinduced Law God may justly claim our obedience to any positive Law The second stepped in by many unnatural and inordinate acts which by degrees cut off the thread of our lives for God in that first prohibition of eating such a particular Fruit did justly claim our obedience to his commands in speaking his Honor in whose breach we violated that bond which linked us to our Maker the supernatural and supreme Good and for our disobedience we were justly rendered liable to the greatest natural evil the separation of Body and Soul which did occur to us not by a multiplicity of acts but by one single act of high disloyalty flowing from the prevarication of the first superinduced Sanction in Paradise which giveth us just fear and shame in the darker shades of Guilt and thereupon God speaketh his justice in making us obnoxious to Death the highest of natural punishments because we have been so unworthy as to break the Commands of the Lord of Life to which death we pass step by step by committing unreasonable acts of Intemperance and Injustice but we cannot arrive Death by several steps of disloyalty to God because every single act of disobedience to him merits the highest punishment but the other violations of the Law of Nature did produce heretofore no greater ill consequences then the Analogy of their own obliquity in breaking the Law of Nature till God by positive Commands hath made them become acts of disloyalty to him as well as obliquity in Nature The first being morally evil the second naturally And therefore the Great Law-giver The revealed light inforceth the Law of Nature engraveâ— in our Hearts as the most Gracious and Wise disposer of all things did not only engrave with lively Characters his most reasonable Sanctions in the Heart of Man as the instruments and measures of their happiness but also made a more bright revealed light to arise to guide our steps in his Divine paths adopting some parts of natural Sanctions into Religion Thus the positive Command against shedding Mans Blood became an instance of
cui affectioni consequatur Flatuum in loci vacui aggestio velut complementum accidit The Tympanitis is a fixed Swelling of the Belly and being constant equal hard giveth a noise upon a stroak arising from a tensive inflation of the Membranous Viscera and parts by reason the Animal Spirits insinuate themselves in too great a quantity into the Nervous Fibres which are obstructed by the fault of the Animal Liquor hindred in its Motion whence ensueth as a Complement of all an accumulation of Wind in the empty spaces of the Belly This Disease is extraordinary but the more ordinary Cases are those which refer to the high Tumour of the Belly either following the immoderate tension of the Stomach and Intestines A true Tympanitis caused by a meer Flatus lodged in the Cavity of the Belly is rare which is a spurious Tympanitis caused by a great quantity of Wind lodged in the Ventricle and Guts producing Stomacic Iliac and Colic pains Or when the Abdomen is swelled by a meer Flatus settled in the Cavity of the Belly between the Peritonaeum and the Intestines which is rare or that more common The more common Tympanitis is derived from Wind mixed with watry Humours issuing from a large quantity of watry Recrements mingled with a Flatulent Matter enlarging the Peritonaeum Abdominal Muscles and the Skin encircling the Belly As to the first Case of a Bastard Tympanitis An instance of a spurious Tympanitis this Instance may be given of a Maid by name Ursula living a Sedentary Life and eating all manner of Cooling Diet fell into a great Swelling of the Belly which being opened after Death a great quantity of yellow Water flowed out of her Stomach and her Intestines were strangely puffed up with a large proportion of Wind. A second Instance may be propounded of a true Tympanitis An instance of a true Tympanitis a Tumour proceeding from simple Wind seated in the Abdomen of a Maid afflicted with a Fever giving her a fatal stroak And afterward an Incision being made into her swelled Belly nothing of watry Recrements appeared but only a hissing proceeding from a great quantity of wind The third Case of a Tympanitis An instance of a Tympanitis which is commonly derived from Wind accompanied with watry Recrements which is more ordinary is produced by Wind accompanied with watry Humours lodged in the lower Venter of which an Example may be offered of a young Lady the Wife of an Artist about Twenty Years of Age who never had her Menstrua and having been long afflicted with an Intermittent Fever often complained of a pain in her Side being oppressed with frequent Vomitings and Beltchings which ended in a swelled Belly speaking a Prologue to the sad Scenes of her troublesome Life And after Death an Apertion being made into the Belly a great quanty of Wind and Faetide Humours were discerned to be lodged between the â—im of the Belly and the Intestines The Cure of this Disease is performed by satisfying three Indications The Curative Preservative and Vital The first relating to the taking away the Continent Cause immediately productive of the Disease doth denote brisk Purgatives mixed with opening Medicines frequent Carminative Clysters prepared with Venice Turpentine dissolved with the Yolk of an Egg and other Clysters prepared with the infusion of Stone-Horse Dung or Urine mingled with Emollient Discutient and gentle Catharticks I conceive Blee ing not proper in a Tympanitis Bleeding is not so proper in a Tympanitis because the Patient seldom laboureth with a Plethora which truly indicateth a Vein to be opened but with a Cachexy which indicates Purging Alterative and Diuretick Medicines very proper as mixed with Antiscorbuticks as Bay-berries Juniper-berries the Chips of Orenges Limons and Citrons the tops of Pine and Fir Garden Scorby-Grass Watercresses Brooklime distilled in Mumm or Whey and White-wine to which Millepedes may be added as very powerful in this Disease which may be also given bruised and infused in White-wine Topicks are often applied with good success Topicks may be applied after Universals have been premised after Universals have been Administred as Plaisters of Soap and Red Lead and Emollient and Discutient Fomentations prepared with Lixivial Salts Sulphur c. And after the Fomentation hath been celebrated Cow-dung may be applied as a Cataplasm The second Indication being Preservative hath a reference to the Antecedent and more remote causes of a Tympanitis which denoteth bitter Decoctions Purging away the gross Humours of the Stomach and Intestines which vitiate the Concoction of the Aliment And proper Alteratives may be used as Bitter and Discutient Medicines which expel Wind and rectifie the Ferments of the Stomach and correct its Tone by taking Medicines both inwardly and outwardly that strengthen the Fibres of the Ventricle and also Chalybeats may be properly advised in this case which refine the Mass of Blood and Succus Nutricius and make laudable Ferments in order to open the Compage of the Meat and Drink and hinder the production of a Flatus in the Stomach and Intestines As to the Vital Indication in this Disease Testaceous Powders of Crabs Eyes and Claws Coral Egg-shells and Shells of Fish powdered may be taken in a large Cordial draught of Centaury water Carduus Compound Gentian Doctor Stephens his VVater and the like CHAP. XXX Of the Omentum or Caul THe Caul lodged between the Rim of the Belly and the Intestines investeth the latter as with a Garment in which many Considerables offer themselves the Situation Connexion Surfaces Magnitude Figure Substance and Structure of it As to is Situation and Connexion its Membranes being two in number The Situation and Connexion of the Caul are seated in each side one between which the Vessels and Fat have their Allodgments And the Membranes being taken in other Habitudes may receive various Denominations of Superiour Inferiour Anterior Posterior Exterior Interior That which is Superior in Men is called Inferior in Bruits as being lodged under the upper Membrane and the Superior in a Humane Body is so named improperly because it doth not transcend the other in hight But we will sit down with the Ancient and Modern Anatomists not disputing their Terms which Custome hath rendred Authentick and easie for Distinction Use being the great Master and Arbitrator of Language The Omentum is composed of divers Membranes as so many Leaves or Wings enwrapped within each other as they are phrased by Aquapendente Spigellius and others The upper Leaf of the Caul is extended from the right Hypoconder The upper Leaf of the Caul to that part of it in which somewhat of the Liver is lodged from hence bending toward the first Intestine the right Orifice and bottom of the Ventricle and Suture of the Splene to which it is most firmly affixed and again it passeth from the Splene toward the Back where it altereth its Appellative and is named the Inferior or Posterior Leaf
most commonly seated in the great Guts which proceeding from a quantity of Blood impelled by the Mesenterick Arteries into the Intestines some part of which is stagnant in the substance of the Bowels and other parts are Transmitted sometimes into the small Guts where it seldom maketh any long stay as being thrown from thence into the Colon wherein the Blood is long detained by reason of its great Cells as so many allodgments of the Contents of the Guts whereupon this tender frame of the Coats hath the disadvantage of being corroded by the great confinement of the sharp Blood in the deep Cavities of the Colon. A Child about Five Years old being afflicted with a Bloody Flux did throw off plentiful Excrements by Stool tinged with various Colours of Red Yellow and Black and about the Seventh day the young Patient grew very weak and Faint the consequents of many Bloody dejections and violent Torments of the Bowels about Midnight the Patient was disturbed with many Yellow and Black Excrements cast upward by Vomiting the fore-runners of Death The Abdomen being opened the Colon was Tumefied and hued with a Livid colour which I conceive was Red in his Life time and afterward upon Death degenerated into a Bluish hue which is very common in Inflammations In this case may be administred Vulnerary Decoctions made of Sarsa-parilla The vitiated Expulsive Faculty of the Guts coming from Inflammations is Cured by vulnerary Diet Drinks and Leaves of Mouse Ear Ladies Mantle Plantain Ribwort to which may be added Honey or Honey of Red Roses strained Clysters made of cleansing and healing Medicines are very proper in this Distemper which may have a speedy recourse to the Inflamed or Ulcered great Guts with good success Bloody dejections are often enwrapped in a Mucous Matter of a Crystalline transparent Colour which is very common in Bloody Fluxes Some apprehend this white clammy Recrement of the Intestines accompanying Blood and other Humours to be the fatty shavings of the Guts others conceive it to be the Pituitous Matter instituted by Nature to line the Intestines and defend their fine Contexture against Saline and Acrimonious Excrements lodged in their Bosome And some deem it to be Phlegm destilling from the Brain and other parts into the Guts The Inflammation of the Guts perverteth their nutrition whereupon the soft parts of the Blood mixed with the Succus Nutricius are not turned into the substance of the Guts But with deference to others I humbly conceive this Crystalline Liquor somewhat resembling the White of an Egg to be the unkindly Recrement of the Intestines proceeding from an ill Succus Nutricius by reason the Serous parts of the blood mixed with Nervous Liquor are not truly Assimilated and turned into the substance of the Intestines by reason of this Inflammatory and often Ulcerous indisposition in Dysenteries do pervert their Nutrition and thereupon turn the Materia Substrata of the Succus Nutricius into a white Mucous Recrement which being improper to repair the substance of the Guts is Transmitted into their Cavities and doth embody with the Blood and ill Humours and is thrown out often by Stool Which I have frequently seen in my near Relations labouring with Bloody Fluxes wherein the Blood was lodged within a quantity of viscid Transparent Matter this Distemper was Cured by gentle Lenient and Astringent Purgatives and cleansing and healing Clysters The Blood stagnating in the Parenchyma of the Guts The cause of the Inflammation of the Guts as being not received into the Extreamities of the Veins first begetteth an Inflammation flowing from Extravasated Blood whilst the serous parts afterward degenerate into purulent Matter Tumefying the Guts and appearing in many knobs which are as I conceive the swelled Glands seated in the Guts An Instance may be given of this Disease in an ordinary Woman who was highly vexed with a Bloody Flux which after many Prescriptions proved Mortal and the lower Apartiment being opened many Tumours appeared in the Intestines filled with purulent Matter Which is frequently derived in Dysenteries from an ill Mass of Blood consisting of fierce saline and sulphureous Heterogeneous Particles which being carried by the Mesenterick and Hypogastrick Arteries into the various Guts do often torture their fine Compage and do often lodg in the glandulous Plexes and enlarge their Circumferences and also have recourse to the Nervous Coat of the Intestines which they most highly torture with an Arsenical Poyson of great fierceness in Malignant Dysenteries In this case gentle Purgatives may be given mixed with Opiate Electuaries and other Alexipharmacal Medicines In this venenate Disease of the Guts gentle Purgatives may be given mixed with Alexipharmical Medicines as Theriaca Andromachi Diascordium and Sweating Medicines prepared with Bezar and other Cordial Powders of Lapis Contravervae e. Chel Cancr è Pulvere Comitissae mixed with Opiat Electuaries Clysters also may be very safe made up of cleansing and healing Ingredients Dysenteries are often attended with high Inflammations Dysenteries are accompanied with Inflammations derived from sharp and saline parts of the Blood whence arise Gangreens and Mortifications flowing from great sources of Blood affected with sharp saline and fierce Sulphureous parts having recourse to the substance of the Guts wherein they are stagnant as not being received into the origens of the Veins whereupon Nature being unable to turn the great quantity of ill Blood into a Pus it doth suffocate the heat and life of the Guts whence ariseth a Corruption and Mortification of them which doth sometimes proceed from green Choller in some sorts derived from the Bladder of Gall. Alardus Hermanus Cummenus hujus morbi Historiam attulit in miscellaneis cariosis Anno. 1673. Observat 116. Erat soemina 40 annorum pinguis optimi corporis habitus quae 20 Aug. Dysenteria obiit Amstelodami Haec ante tres septimanas incideret in Fluxum Dysentericum qui tunc temporis Epidemius erat quae rejiciebat in principio morbi erant nigra subsequente tempore rubescere incipiebant aliqua tamen intermista rubedine Dolebat ventrem diverso tamen modo nam vel dolor ad umbilicum haerebat tumque deprimebatur venter Vel si hic attolleretur cinguli instar circa umbilicum movebatur Sitis ipsam urgebat intolerabilis quam quocunque volebat potu sedabat Spiritus Vini Aquae Vitae usu nunquam intermisso Medicamentorum nihil sumere volebat praeter Decoctum aliquod alterans pilulas de Laudano Amstelodamensium ex quorum assumptione dolor sedabatur somnus qui alias aberat obrepebat Cum dejiceret sentiebat dolorem circa anum insignem Purgata fuit aliquoties tempore Morbi partim Rhabarbari pulâ—ere solo a quo nihil aut parum sine levamine movebatur Partim cum Rad. Jailapae mixto a quo multum cum Euphoria dejiciebat Clyster etiam injectus est a quo pessime habuit neque etiam ferre poterat inunctiones unde postmodum horam
turn the Blood into Pus whence issueth an Abscess which being broken is productive of an Ulcer the happy termination of an Aposteme evacuating an exuberant ill affected Blood and thereby giveth Health and ease Another kind of Tumour of the Spleen being soft and oedematous or serous is derived from a quantity of Blood mixed with indigested Chyme or serous Humours spued out of the Extreamities of the Caeliack Capillary Arteries implanted into the Membranous Cells of the Spleen whereby the whole Compage of it is endued with greater Dimensions An ordinary Person long complained of a Swelling and pain in the Left Hypocondre which rendred his Life very troublesome and after a tedious Sickness gave up his Soul into the Hands of his most Gracious God and Merciful Redeemer Not long after his Death The preternatural greatness of the Spleen an Incision being made into his Belly and a recourse being had to the Left Side to see the cause of his Disease his Spleen was discovered to be of an extraordinary greatness as passing down beyond the Ribs into the lower Apartiment and was furnished with a large Splenick Artery which impelled a great quantity of Serous Blood into the Membranous Cavities interwoven with a great number of Fibres in whose Bosome was lodged a large proportion of Watry Liquor distending the whole body of the Spleen This noble part is first Tumefied by a great quantity of Serous Blood An Inflammation of the Spleen degenerating into an Abscess transmitted by the numerous Ramulets of the Caeliack Arteries inserted into the Glands of the Spleen and is afterward inflamed by stagnant Blood lodged in their substance which in a short time loseth its Nature and its serous parts are turned into a corrupt Matter corroding the Vessels and Coats of the Spleen through which it maketh its way into the Cavity of the Belly whereupon Watry Humours have a free access unto it and do generate a great distention of the Rim and Muscles of the Abdomen commonly called an Ascitis A Frier being of a cold and most Constitution was oppressed with a load of Serous Humours which passed out the Left Ventricle of the Heart through the Common and then through the Descendent Trunk of the Aorta into the Caeliack Artery inserted into the Glands of the Spleen highly distending them which produced great pains in his Left Side and a high disaffection of the Spleen which at last concluded in the exit of Life And his Body being opened the Liver appeared to be sound An Instance of a putrefied Spleen and the Spleen half Putrefied and Ulcered whereupon the Putrid Matter and a source of Watry Humours had a recourse to the Cavity of the Belly enlarging it to a great degree A Dropsie also may arise from the broken Lymphaeducts of the Spleen A Dropsie arising from the broken Lymphaeducts of the Spleen which is produced after this manner by rivulets of Watry Recrements associated with the Mass of Blood and carried by the Terminations of the Capillary Splenick Arteries into the substance of the Glands wherein a great quantity of Lymphatick Liquor being secerned from the purer parts of the Vital and Nervous Juice is transmitted into the Lymphaeducts seated between the Coats of the Spleen which being encircled with fine and tender Tunicles are easily broken by the freer streams of the Lympha overflowing their thin Banks into the Lake of the Belly and raising it sometimes to monstrous Dimensions The Spleen also is liable to another Disease The Hydatides of the Spleen which hath some affinity with the former in reference to its Cause Lymphatick Liquor severed from the Blood in the Parenchyma of the Glands and received into the Extreamities of the Lymphaeducts and carried through them to the Ambient parts of the Spleen So that the thin Transparent Liquor having not a free passage doth extend the Coat of the Lymphaeducts whence arise many Vesicles in the surface of the Spleen commonly called Hydatides which are nothing else but the Tunicles of the Lymphaeducts swelled with too large a quantity of Lympha The Spleen is not only Obnoxious to Inflammations Oedematous A Scirrhus Tumour of the Spleen coming from concreted pituitous Matter and Serous Tumours of which we have already Discoursed but Scirrhous too which are indolent hard Tumours proceeding from an earthy gross Mass of Blood dispensed by the numerous Caeliack Capillary Arteries into the substance of the Glands where it stagnates by reason of faeculency rendring it unfit to be received into the Minute Roots of the Splenick Veins so that the Spleen acquireth a hard Tumour by the gross Blood lodged in the Interstices of the Vessels belonging to the Glands and having lost its Motion groweth more and more black and thick and is at last concreted by Acid Particles into a hard substance producing a Scirrhus The subject matter and the efficient cause rendring the Spleen Faeculent and Scirrhous doth only differ in degrees by reason I conceive the Active Principle that maketh the Blood gross and concreted is Acidity which is produced by Saline Particles brought to a Fluor which as it is more or less exalted is the efficient of greater or less alterations in the Blood stagnated in the body of the Glands appertaining to the Spleen whereupon it groweth sometimes more gross and other times more Coagulated as it is acted with higher Saline Particles brought to a greater Fluor The material cause as I apprehend productive of greater or less Induration Divers material causes of the induration of the Spleen and Coagulation of the Blood may proceed from its more or less earthy Clamminess as associated with crude indigested Chyme not assimilated into Purple Liquor whereby it loseth its due Fermentation and groweth gross and dispirited and apt to stagnate in the Membranous Cells and Glands of the Spleen as being unable to be percolated through their substance herein it being stagnated by reason the Lympha being too thick cannot be received into the Lymphaeducts and the Blood being too Faeculent cannot be admitted into the Minute Orifices of the Splenick Veins Whereupon the extravasated Purple Juice debased with Saline Particles put into a Fluor by the loss of its Motion doth gain a greater Acidity as it is more and more stagnant in the Parenchyma of the Glands So that sometimes when they are long acted with this disaffected Blood a Fever ariseth and maketh a great Ebullition A Scirthus proceeding from acid Recrements whence its more moist Particles are consumed and the Spleen becometh Indurated and Scirrhous proceeding chiefly from Blood concreted by its Acid Recrements This Hypothesis hath been made good by the injection of Acid Liquors into the Blood Vessels of Animals which are killed sooner or later as the injected Liquors participate of greater or less Acidity And the bodies of Bruits being opened presently after they were killed to see the cause of their Death the Blood was found concreted in the Ascendent and
Purslain Lettice and Sorrel which do contemperate the Blood and cool the parts affected and Decoctions of China Sarza with temperate Vulneraries may be Administred And in the declination of the Disease gentle opening Medicines may be advised made of the Roots of wild Asparagus Dogs Grass with Maiden Hair Straw-berry Leaves c. The Diet in this Disease must be slender A slender Diet is good in this Disease and the Aliment must be cool and moistning in reference to the Inflammation and Symptomatick Fever as Water and Barley Gruel Barley Cream thin Broths c. The Abscess of the Kidneys An Abscess of the Kidney often succeedeth an Inflammation wherein so great a quantity of Blood is extravasated in the Interstices of the Vessels that it loseth its nature for want of Motion and the bond of Mixtion being dissolved the Crystalline and Serous parts of Blood are turned first into a Pus and afterward into an Ulcer which betrayeth it self in the excretion of Urine and the causes of a Purulent and Bloody Urine are derived from Stones which being affected with sharp Asperities do grate upon the tender Compage of the Glands and Corrode their soft Vessels whereupon a quantity of Blood being some time lodged in the Parenchyma of the Glands it s more mild parts are turned in a purulent or sanious Matter A Woman of mature Age being many Years highly tortured with Nephritick Pains did often throw off with Urine several small Stones of various Colours some White Red and others Brown or Black and afterward this Patient fell into violent pains somewhat resembling those of Parturition whereby the Neck of the Bladder being opened many Stones fell upon the Floor with a great noise and these horrid pains making frequent returns gave her a freedom from thence by Death Her Body being opened and the Bowels turned to the right side the left Kidney appeared much greater then ordinary and being flabby did resemble the Lungs both in substance and colour and was puffed up like a Bladder and being pricked with a point of a Knife a great quantity of Purulent Matter issued out of the Wound and the Parenchyma of the Kidney wholly Corroded within and the Cavities interceding the Papillary Carundes and the Ureters were highly dilated with many small Stones So that a Corrosion is made by Stones An Abscess of the Kidney from Stones fretting its substance often gauling the delicate frame of the Vessels constituting the body of the Glands which may proceed also from acid saline elements of the Blood corroding the soft Compage of the Kidney whence arise evacuations of Blood and Purulent Matter the products of an Ulcer wherein the Vessels are putrefied and thrown off with the Urine and the whole substance of the Kidney consumed My dear Friend and Collegue one of his Majesties Physicians in Ordinary was long afflicted with pains of his Back and Loins and had frequent excretions of Blood and Pus mixed with Urine and prolonged his Life for many Years by a proper Method of Physick which at last proved unsuccessful After Death an Incision being made through the four common Integuments and the Abdominal Muscles all the Viscera were found to be very sound except his Kidneys of which one was obstructed in its Pelvis and Ureter A case of an Ulcer of the Kidney with a long Stone and the other had its Glands consisting of numerous Vessels wholly corroded and ejected with the Urine So that only the Coats once clothing the Kidney remained folded up together and the Kidney became useless as destitute of various Vessels the fine Colatories of the Blood In order to Cure Ulcers of the Kidney The Cure of the Ulcer of the Kidney it concerneth us first to hinder the afflux of Humours to the parts affected and in a Plethorick Body Bleeding is proper and gentle Purging Medicines of Cassia the Lenitive Electuary Holland's Powder Chio Turpentine c. In reference to the Ulcer Detergent and Drying Medicines may be advised as Hydromels made of China Sarza Mouse-Ear Fluelline Ribwort Plaintain Prunel c. And last of all Consolidating Medicines are to be advised made of the Roots of Cumphrey Tormentil and other Astringent Vulneraries Thomas Bartholinus Cabrollius Observ 28. An Incision made into a purulent Kidney maketh mention of a famous Cure he did by making an Incision into a Purulent Kidney which afterward he Healed by proper Medicines His words are these Anno. 1578. Vocatus fui ut N. secarem An. 60. in istius Rene sinistro Abscessum magnum reperi purulenta materia plenum Pondus ipsius erat Libr. 14. Cum Cysti Rene quae quidem Cystis pellem vervecinam Crassitie aequabat Aliquo post tempore Juvenis quidem me accivit qui cum eadem in parte vehementissimo dolore premeretur alios tum Medicos tum Chyrurgos accersendos esse putavi In contrarias itum est sententias etenim maxima pars calculum esse in renibus conjiciebat praesertim cum aliquantulum Puris cum Vrinis exceruerit Ego contra Abscessum esse contendebam Abscessus illius prioris memor Paulo post patiens iterum me rogavit ut inciderem aiens sé malle mori quam tot mortes vivendo perpeti Ego precibus motus ipsum incidi locumque materiam continentem reperi sed nihil inde exiit duabus post horis apparatum primum mutaturus accessi tractoque penicillo pelvint accipere coactus sum cujus plus quam dimidia pars pure repleta fuit singulisque sequentibus diebus his vacuatio fiebat ita ut tum mane tum sero catinus illo pure impleretur idque per mensem integrum amplius Tandem vero appositis remediis ulcus detersum cicatrix inducta ipseque persanatus est Sometimes an Inflammation of the Kidney The causes of the Gangraene of the Kidney determines into a Gangraen which is derived as I conceive from an exuberant quantity of Blood impelled into the substance of the Glands which Nature being not able to govern by turning it into a Pus suffocates the heat of the Kidney and produceth a Gangraen Fabritius Hildanus de Lithotomia Vesicae Cap. 25. giveth an Instance of this desperate Disease in his Eldest Son Ait ille Anno. 1595. obiit filius meus promogenitus qui ad septmum usque annum nulla unquam Pustula defaedatus fuit Cum septimo aetatis Anno per unum aut alterum diem Cephalaea affectus esset successit Dolor lumborum cum Febre conjunctus sicut etiam Vrinae retentio ita ut fere ne guttulam excernere possit quamvis omnis adhibita diligentia Urina tamen non processit atque ita septimo morbi die obiit Cadavere Dissecto ingentem insignem renum ac partium circumjacentium Inflammationem in Gangraenam jam degeneratam reperimus Othertimes The Scirrhus of the Kidney an Inflammation of the Kidney being ill treated by an improper Method of Physick
Fever stiled by the Author 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is when the unnatural heat of the Blood groweth more intense every Fit The Second step or time is commonly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 derived from a great quantity of inflamed oily Particles which though they most eminently appear in the Praecordia as parts confining on the Heart in which the Effervescence of the Blood is chiefly seated yet these hot oily Particles of the vital Liquor are also diffused thence through the whole mass to all parts of the Body The increase of this hot Disease continueth for three or four days or thereabouts more or less according to the greater or less degrees of acuteness of the Fever when the first glimmerings of the Concoction begin to dawn in a small secretion of the impure adust Particles from the purer Blood which at this time of the Fever is discovered in the Urine growing more clear toward the Surface as the grosser parts begin to precipitate toward the bottom of the Urinal The third step of a Continued Fever named by that Great Master of our Faculty 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the state of the Disease The 3d step of a Continued Fever is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the height of it wherein the Ebullition of the Blood in the Heart arriveth to the highest degree proceeding from a great confederacy of numerous Oyly Particles breaking forth as it were into a flame through all the apartiments of the Body and in the state of this Fever the two great Combatants Nature and the Disease do briskly enter the list making violent thrusts at each other upon the account of life and death whereupon they both highly endeavouring a conquest one of them loseth the day sitting down in a loss of victory while the other triumpheth in the pleasant success of Life happily changing the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Disease into a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the state into a declination The fourth step of a continued Fever called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The declination of the disease which is the fourth and last stage of this Fever succeeding the state wherein the Vital Spirits the more active and volatil parts of the Blood triumph as conquerors and the Febrile heat is receptive of an allay and the most eminent signs of Concoction appear as the Crisis of the disease is instituted by Nature whereupon the secretions of the recrements of the Blood are made whereof some are oily and others Volatil Saline embodying with the serous parts of the Blood being put into a Fluor which are conveyed from the greater Arterial Branches to the Extremities of the Capillaries terminating into the Skin which being very Porous receiveth the fierce Effluvia The first Crists of a continued Fever when the Matter of the Disease is evacuated by Sweat and ferous Recrements of the Blood freely besprinkling the ambient parts of the Body And this I humbly conceive is the best and most natural Crisis of a Fever when the Morbifick Matter is universally expelled through the habit of the Body But the Crisis I conceive is less perfect and beneficial The second Crisis of a continued Fever discharged by a Haemorrage of Blood through the Nostrils when more particular Evacuations of the peccant Matter are instituted by Nature as when the Pores of the Skin being shut up by ambient cold a Crisis is sometimes ordered by a Haemorrhage through the Nostrils when the inflamed oyly and the exalted saline Particles being in high commotion with the mass of Blood cannot be protruded by plentiful Sweats in a free transpiration are translated into distant parts from the Heart and being hurried by impetuous motions of the Blood through the internal Carotide Arteries into the Membranes and Cortex of the Brain are thence conveyed by the Internal Jugulars into the Nostrils Whence the danger of their Crisis is lest some part of the Morbifick Matter should be conveyed with the Blood into and so fixed in the substance of the Brain as to vitiate the Animal Liquor and thereby produce a Delirium Convulsive Motions as the Subsultus Tendinum and many other Cephalick distempers Again I conceive another Crisis may be made in a continued Fever by another particular Evacuation The third Crisis is made when the Matter of the Continued Fever is discharged by Urine when the gross Adust Particles are severed like a Caput Mortuum from the Blood after its Deflagration and are transmitted by the emulgent Arteries into the substance of the Glands relating to the Kidneys wherein a Secretion is made of the Morbifick Matter with the serous Particles from the more refined Blood and transmitted first through the Urinary Ducts into the Pelvis and thence by the Ureters as Aqueducts into the Cistern of the Bladder which appeareth in a reddish Urine when first made which a little while after groweth thick and turbid and is afterward precipitated So that the Adust Particles the more gross Contents having recourse to the bottom the substance of the Urine groweth clear and transparent CHAP. XXV Of Malignant Fevers THe third kind of Continued Fevers The nature of Malignant Fevers The Symptoms of Malignant Fevers commonly called Malignant differeth in substance from the rest and ariseth from the mass of Blood secretly envenomed with some noysome Miasmes whence immediately ensueth a suddain dejection of strength wherein the temper of the Blood being violently disordered its Compage is perverted and its Mixtion is in a great part dissolved as the Elements the integral parts of the Blood are in a manner separated one from another attended with horrid symptoms vid. Stupor Delirium Convulsive Motions the trembling of the Tendons and the like the same kind of accidents which accompany the drinking of Poyson or the biting of Vipers and other venemous Animals infecting the Blood with subtle venenate Atoms small in quantity but great in power destructive to the constituent principles relating to the mass of Blood which is discovered in the speedy perverting the Crasis of the Vital and Nervous Liquors whereupon the functions of Life Sense and Motion are ill celebrated So that the harmony of temper belonging to the Blood is disordered and the Oeconomy of Nature violated the dismal forerunners of death If a curious search be made for the better understanding of Malignant Fevers into the nature of Poysons what alterations they make in the consistence of the Blood they will be found very different by reason some Poysons making a fusion of the Blood do precipitate its serous parts others do produce Swellings by throwing the malignity of the Blood into the extreme parts and do impel the serous Recrements by the terminations of the Arteries inserted into the Cuticular Glands wherein a separation being instituted by Nature the serous parts do puff up the Cuticula and make Pustles which I saw in a Person of Honour a Patient of mine poysoned with Arsnick in whom the sulphureous and saline
The Second Indication is to discharge the Faeces of the Blood ready for Secretion either by Expectoration or by Sweat or by Urine in the beginning of a Cough The Third is to corroborate the weak Compage of the Lungs by proper Pectorals The Third Indication accompanied with gentle astringents especially in the defluxion of thin Humours into the Air-vessels of the Lungs In the First Indication the Effervescence of the Blood is lessened by Bleeding in the beginning of a Cough when the Patient hath strength afterward gentle Diaphoreticks may be used and contemperating Juleps made of Pectorals as the Decoction prescribed in our London Dispensatory as also cooling Emulsions made of the Seeds of Melons Pompions White Poppy c. which do allay the heat of the Blood and by their mucilaginous temper do hinder the defluxion of thin and hot Humors into the membranous Compage of the Lungs CHAP. LIII The Pathology of the Lungs and its Cures THE Lungs being an aggregate Body made up of many parts is subject also to variety of Diseases viz. An Inflammation Abscesse Ulcer Empyema Asthma Cough Spitting of Blood and the Dropsy of the Breast c. A Peripneumonia is an Inflammation of the Lungs An Inflammation of the Lungs attended with an acute Fever a Cough difficulty of Breathing and Redness of the Cheeks the Patient affected with this Disease findeth a great Phlogosis in the Breast accompanied sometimes with heavy dull and other times with a pricking pain a great Thirst Restlesness and spitting of Blood whence it may be inferred that this disaffection taketh its rise from the immoderate effervescence of the Blood stagnated in the small Blood-vessels lodged in the Bronchia or membranous Sinus or from Blood extravasated in the Interstices of the Vessels whereupon the Vessels of Blood are swelled in an obstruction of the small branches of the Bronchial Artery and when the small Pipes of the Bronchia are compressed by the extravasated Blood setled in the empty spaces of the Vessels causing an Inflammation swelling of the Lungs and difficulty of Breathing This Disease The cause of an Inflammation of the Lungs as I humbly conceive proceedeth from a Phlogosis of the Blood making an Ebullition in the Lungs and from its grossness as often mixed with a crude Chyme stopping the numerous small Bronchial Vessels of Blood This assertion may be made good that the obstruction of the minute Sanguiducts is derived from a viscide gross Blood by reason the Blood let out of the Vein when cool is covered with a White clammy skin which is nothing else as I conceive but concreted crude Chyme not capable to be broken into small Particles and perfectly assimilated into Blood so that the Blood being associated with the indigested clammy Liquor and other gross recrements doth sometimes obstruct the small branches of the bronchial Artery and other times is extravasated in the Interstices of the Vessels whereupon it acquireth an Ebullition as having lost its due circulation in the Lungs And furthermore the sulphureous Particles of the Blood being embodied with the Saline and Earthy when they are too much exalted by an unnatural Fermentation the vital Liquor is highly incrassated and groweth ropy somewhat resembling over-fermented Wine acquiring a glutinous disposition productive of an Inflammation of the Lungs It is oftentimes observed by Learned Authors that the Inflammation of the Lungs is sometimes a fore-runner and other times a Consequent and oftentimes a Concomitant of the Pleurifie upon which great inquiries have been made by what ways the Morbifick Matter can be translated from the Lungs to the Pleura or from the last to the former some conceive that some part of the Blood being discharged the Pleura into the Cavity of the Breast may be sucked up into the Lungs after the manner of a Spunge which seemeth to oppose the Oeconomy of Nature who hath clothed the Lungs with a firm though thin covering not capable to admit the gross clammy Blood coming from the Pleura and thrown into the capacity of the Thorax Whereupon I humbly conceive The inflammation of the Lungs is sometimes solitary and other times accompanied with a Pleurisy that the diseases of the Pleurisy and the Inflammation of the Lungs are sometimes Concomitant and sometimes Successive and are produced by gross viscide Blood carried into the Pleura and Lungs by different proper Blood-Vessels either at the same or at several seasons which rendreth the Inflammation of the said parts to be sometimes companions and other times separate when the stagnated Blood hath an Ebullition in the Pleura and Lungs at one or several instants of time Sometimes an Apoplexy An Apoplexy and Hemiplegia succeeds the inflammation of the Lungs or Hemiplegia succeed or are companions of a Peripneumonia in the First Diseases the gross Blood is transmitted in an exuberant proportion by the internal carotide Arteries into the Coats or substance of the Brain compressing the Origens of the Nerves and in an Inflammation of the Lungs the Blood is imported by peculiar Arteries into the substance of their Bronchia and membranous Sinus in which it stagnates and generates a Feverish effervescence of the Blood As to the Prognosticks of this Disease it is very dangerous in reference to a difficult Respiration sometimes speedily cutting the fine Thread of Life and to an acute Fever derived from stagnation of Blood in the most minute bronchial Arteries as also in the Interstices of the Vessels which is hardly cured especially when it is attended with cold clammy Sweats Convulsive motions fainting Fits and a quick weak Pulse the fore-runners of death This disease is also full of danger The Prognosticks of a Peripneumonia when nothing is expectorated or a thin indigested Matter and it is more hopeful when a thick Yellow well concocted Phlegme is easily expectorated interspersed with a little Blood The Indications offering themselves in this disease The Indication of a Peripneumonia are divers the First is that the Blood stagnated in the substance of the Bronchia and membranous Cells be discharged by Motion and that the concreted Blood having so great a recourse to the Lungs be diverted and lessened by the free opening a Vein that thereby the Blood extravasated in the Interstices of the Vessels may be received into the Origens of the Veins to make good the circulation of the Blood And in this disease Blood-letting is very proper in a Peripneumonia repeated Blood letting is very beneficial if the Pulse be strong to take off the great quantity of vitiated Blood and to procure the stagnate Blood to be conveyed into the extremities of the Veins And also pectoral Apozemes made of the roots of Dogs Grass Pectoral Apozemes are very good wild Asparagus the Leaves of Maidenhair Coltsfoot Liquorice which do attenuate and incide the gross clammy Blood and other gross Excrements which stop the Bronchia and vesicular Sinus and Linctus made of new
middle from the lowest Apartiment And the Pleura composed of many small Threads curiously interwoven and close struck as a fine Hanging encircling the beautiful Furniture of the Heart and Lungs to secure their tender Compage in motion against the bony arches of the Ribs guarding them against the violent assaults of outward accidents Thou hast Treated the Fountain of Life streaming in Purple and Scarlet Rivulets of Blood through the various channels of Veins and Arteries as so many Inlets and Outlets of the Heart outwardly enamelled with variety of Vessels And hast laid its secret Chambers in the Waters carved with divers fleshy substances beset with many cords of Sinews as so many instruments of Motion and hast watred its Furrows with the streams of Life Thou hast formed the Lungs as a rare Systeme of Membranous Pipes and Bladders of Air to fann and exalt the vital Liquor with its cool and nitrous Particles and hast made the rough Artery headed with an admirable frame of Membranes Muscles and Grisles as an Organ-pipe of Breath modelling the Voice with different Articulations to treat our friends in an amicable Converse And to Speak and Sing the Great Praises of the All Wise Protoplast Thou that art the Light of our Eies the Joy of our Hearts the breath of our Nostrils and the Essential Life breathing into us the Spirit of Life Inspire us with thy Holy Spirit and quicken our Souls here in the shades of death with the Light of thy Countenance that in thy Light we may see Light that by thy Grace we may participate the Glory of Everlasting Life through Jesus Christ the Fountain of Life and the Lord of Glory BOOK III. CHAP. I. Of the Face THE Face being a handsome Frontispiece embellishing the anterior region of the highest Apartiment The Face is a fine Frontispiece of the Head relating to the elegant frame of a Mans Body doth present the prospect of a rare Landscip drawn with Natures curious Pensil in excellent perspective made up of many Lights and Shades rendring this graceful Frontispiece Round and Soft which is accomplished with variety of parts consisting in divers shapes and sizes and beautified with several colours illustrating each other and dressed with different Surfaces some being Plane others Convexe and a Third Concave The highest part of this Frontispiece most properly called is the Forehead cloathed with a plain smooth and white surface and adorned with a kind of Oval Figure The Parts adjoyning to the Forehead The Eies are two transparent Orbs. are Two transparent Orbs displaying themselves in various motions in their Orbites as in proper Sphaeres to give reception to innumerable Images of things arrayed with beams of Light placed in different positions In the middle of this delightful prospect The Nose is the most prominent part of the Face is situated the Nose the Prominentest part of the Face the most receptive of Light shading one side of the neighbouring parts This fine ridge is furnished with Two Cavities as Pipes entertaining Air persumed with various Odors Treating the sense of Smelling The Sides of the Face are grac'd with Cheeks shaded with Groves of Hair and beset with Roses and Lillies as painted with Red and White rarely intermixed and are melted into each other by a sweet softness making a delightful harmony The lower region of this Frontispiece is adorned with Two Lips The Lips resemble folding doors shutting and opening the small apartiment of the Mouth as with folding Doors to treat our Selves with the reception of Dainties endued with variety of delicious Tasts and with pleasant Discourses the amicable expressions of the Mind The Materia Substrata of Beauty is made up of several parts of the Face The ground of Beauty of the Bones as a Basis of the Forhead and of the upper and lower Mandible into which are implanted the Muscles of the Forehead Nose Cheeks Chin and above all the Elevators Depressors Adductors Abductors and Constrictors the fine Muscles of the Lips all which being framed in a due proportion and decent Figure and Magnitude and fitly conjoyned to each other do speak the Symmetry and Harmony of parts commonly called Beauty The elegancy of the Face is a rare Systeme The Face described composed of great variety of lineaments and proportions adorned with different Colours Lights Shades and Motions Lineaments are the outward surface of the Face The Lineaments are the rough draught of the Face Natures First and more rough draught made up of longer and shorter Lines the longer producing the chiefest part of the Face and may be called the ordinary and plain part of the visage and the more curious being made up of the shorter and filling lines do give the Face a farther accomplishment adding greater softness and tenderness to it And the draught of the Lines of the Face being the ground of the Art of Painting is called Designing which being ill performed it is impossible to make a laudable Picture very much depending upon the good Drawing of the naked and undisguised Lineaments wherein you may plainly perceive what Beauty and Force there is in a good and well proportioned Design And there is nothing more worthy our remarque then the last closes The finishing Lines are the most perfect the finishing Lines which circumscribe the portraicture of the Face and are Natures Master-piece being drawn with wonderful subtilty and are so fine and thin do seem to vanish by little and little till by degrees they convey themselves out of our sight And here is the great Glory of Art to imitate Nature in drawing the utmost Lines according to the Life which ought to be accomplished with so much fineness giving the true and curious proportions of the Face in its thinner closing Lineaments ending with a promise of other things behind Apelles his Picture which was known among the Graecians by the Name of Nomecknemos adored for the extream and finishing Lines which were cut off with so much subtilty after the Life that it seemed to stand in competition with Nature it self And Nature hath not only graced the Visage with decent Lineaments The Symmetry of the parts of the Face but hath also constituted divers measures how one part of the Face holdeth an Analogy suitable to another so that Beauty may be styled in some kind a due modelling the parts of the Face as being fitly united to each other in regular proportions whence ariseth a mutual consent of Parts the Symmetry or Harmony commonly called the Air of the Face which courteth the Eye of the Spectator with Pleasantness and Wonder and I conceive it not altogether improbable that Artists have borrowed Analogy and Harmony from the proportions observable in Arithmetical Numbers and Musical Concords Analogy and Harmony being nothing else but Rules and Measures of different Numbers and Sounds agreeing in due proportions Whereupon the Masters of Painting and Musick have borrowed terms from each other and transferred them into each
more noble Utensil of the Medulla Spinalis as a part of eminent use in reference to Sense and Motion produced by numerous Nerves the out-lets of the pith Another Use of the Spine may be to strengthen the stately pile of Man's Body speaking the Great Wisdom of the Omnipotent Architect in keeping its frame in an erect posture The Second Use which giveth it State and Beauty by lifting up our Head as an elegant Orbe the palace of Virtue and Science graced with a fine Frontispiece of the Face seated upon the top of the joynted Column of the Chine framed of many Vertebers wrought in rich carved Works of various Processes A Third Use of the Chine as it is composed of many Joynts is to give the Trunk of the Body the advantage of moving inward The Third Use in bowing or stooping performed by the Musculus Psoas which being much assisted by the weight of the Body and Head the Trunk is brought forward by the Musculi mastoeidei which by their joynt Contraction do bring the straight posture of the Vertebers of the Neck to a kind of Arch by which we speak our consent and reverence The Fourth Use A Fourth Use of the fine System of Vertebers as adorned with many Sinus and Processes is to give entertainment to the Muscles of the Loins Back and Neck in various allodgments and from these numerous Spondyles the said Muscles for the most part have their Originations from and insertions into them And these Vertebers being strong and solid Bodies are the Center of Muscular Motion performed in the Trunk of the Body and Neck and are also the Hypomoclia of the erect posture of the Body which is celebrated by the Tensors of the Loins Back and Neck overpow'ring the weight of the Body till they bring it to an equal ballance The chief part of Pathology concerning the Vertebers of the Spine The Pathology of the Chine is Luxation and principally as most fatal beyond the rest is that of the first Verteber of the Neck wherein the Two Apophyses springing out of the inferior Region of the Occiput start out of their proper Sinus engraven on each side of the Medulla Spinalis The Luxation of the First Verteber caused by some great stroke or fall or some other severe accident whence the upmost Verteber being forced forward out of its proper place compresseth the Spinalis Medulla Larynx and the Musculi Cephalopharyngaei and Sphenopharyngaei and stoppeth the passage of the Aspera Arteria and hinders the Apertion and Dilatation of the Gulet attended with the loss of Sense and Motion afflicting almost all parts of the Body according to Hipocrates in his Book De Articulis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quod si superiori Spinae parte magis in anteriorem partem inclinatio fiat The cause of the Impotence and Stupor of the whole Body totius corporis impotentia stupor contingit I humbly conceive this to be the ground on which the meaning of this great Oracle of Art was founded Because the Brain is the fountain of nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits residing in it whence their streams do flow out of them into the Origen first and afterward into all parts of the Medulla Spinalis whereupon a Luxation being made in the upper Vertebers of the Neck immediately followeth a compression of the beginning of the Spinalis Medulla and the Head of the current of nervous Liquor being dammed up and the influx of Animal Spirits intercepted all the numerous pair of Nerves springing out of the Medulla Spinalis and afterward branched into the Muscles of the Trunk and Limbs of the whole Body grow stupid in Sense and faint in Motion upon a universal relaxation of the Spinal Nerves And the Luxation also of every Verteber of the Neck being near akin to the first The Luxation of the Vertebers of the Neck as running the same fate is accompanied with horrid symptomes of lost Respiration and Deglutition produced by the dislocated Vertebers of the Neck compressing the Aspera Arteria and Aesophagus wherein the Breath Speech and Motion of the Aliment through the Gula are intercepted by a violent crushing the Aspera Artera and by hindring the Contraction of the Musculi Aesophagi But the most common and less dangerous Luxation is that of the Back The Luxation of the Vercebers of the Back which laboureth under diverse kinds wherein the several dislocations of the Spondyles of the Back do hinder the various motions of the Vertebers and happen when they are wrinched out of their proper seats either outwardly inwardly or laterally toward the Right and Left Side caused by violent strokes falls and overmuch inflections of the Back and in Infants by the imprudence of Nurses in over-straight and unequal Swathings and in Women by overmuch Lacing their Bodies In the Dearticulation of the Back called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A kind of Luxation of the Back called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Vertebers are turned out of the proper stations toward the ambient part of the Back which carrying the Origen of the Ribs with the annexed intercostal Muscles outward do hinder their free playing producing a difficulty of Respiration But if the dislocation be made inward named by the Antients 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is more dangerous Another kind of Luxation of the Back styled a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because by compressing the Spinalis Medulla Pleura Lungs the Aorta Vena Cava with the Heart it self it doth intercept the motion of nervous and vital Liquor and according to the various parts compressed produceth a Stupor and Paralysis in some and faintness and want of vitality in others The Luxation of the Verteber of the Loins made inwards But if a Dislocation of the Vertebers of the Loins be made inward there happens a frequent suppression of Urine and other Excrements a coldness of the Feet and Legs which do at last extinguish the purer flame of Life warranted by Hipocrates in his Book De Articulis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 At quibus e casu aut illabente aliquo pondere vertebrae interiorem in partem obliquantur Great Luxations of the Vertebers of the Loins are attended with death and if they be less they are accompanied with suppression of Urine iis quidem plerumque vertebra non adeo multum ab aliis recedit sive vero aut una aut plures multum excesserint hominem velut ante dictum est interimunt cum in anguli non in circuli flexum haec dimotio fiat iis igitur Urina stercus magis quam quibus exteriorem in partem gibbus fit supprimitur pedesque at crura tota magis perfrigeantur potiusque ista quam quae dixi mortem afferunt The Sense of this great Author is as I conceive that upon some slight accident the Verteber is not much displaced but upon a more violent assault one or more Vertebers are much
incolis in consensum trahi ab iisque ad explosiones pariter inordinatas excitari licet aliquando tota spirituum tum in cerebro tum in nervoso genere consitorum serie instar longiores pulveris pyrii tractus ad explosiones praedisposita spasmus exterius à longinquo forsan in membro quodam aut viscere incipiens posterius in cerebrum traducatur And according to the opinion of this most Renowned Physician the highly Fermentative Elastick Particles of the ill Animal Juice and Spirits Nerves are the subject of the Falling-sickness do violently irritate and agitate the tender and most fine Compage of the Nerves as made up of numerous Fibrils endued with most acute Sensation the seat of Epileptick Paroxysms And before we make any farther steps into the Causes we will give some account of the Symptoms as so many Diagnosticks leading us into the knowledge of it And first of the Froth coming out of the Mouth Froth about the Lips is a symptom of the Falling-sickness conceived to be a Pathognomical sign of an Epilepsy but in truth is an attendant of an Apoplexy Carus and of Hysterick and sometimes of other Convulsive motions Some are of an opinion the Froth is a Recrement descending from the Brain to the Mouth which is somewhat improbable by reason there are no passages coming from the Brain into the Mouth by which the Froth may be transmitted whereupon I apprehend it more reasonable that the Froth being a Liquor attenuated and puffed up as being a system of many Vesicles of Air clothed with a thin Liquor Froth doth not come from the Head but Lungs transmitted from the Lungs into the Aspera Arteria by the violent agitations of the Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm compressing the Lungs and ejecting this Froth first into the Wind-pipe and afterward into the Mouth Another more dreadful Symptom is the beating of the Breast with strong blows The beating of the Breast is another symptom of an Epilepsy which I conceive is occasioned by a great oppression of the Lungs with stagnant Blood by reason of their undue Motion produced by the strong Convulsions of the Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm whence ariseth a great difficulty of breathing which to alleviate Dr. Willis saith by a meer instinct of Nature Epileptick Persons beat their Breast that the Praecordia by Appulses might make good their motions that the Blood might be relieved from Stagnation and the Heart from a great oppression Tunc fit ut laborante cerebro licet inscio mero naturae instinctu thoracem percutiant nimirum ut praecordia ita percussa velut exagitata motus suos redintegrent adeoque sanguis à stagnatione Cor à gravi oppressione vindicentur Another Symptom of this Disease which is very great is a suddain fall upon the Ground with great force A suddain fall upon the Ground is a symptom of the Falling-sickness often bruising and wounding the Trunk and Limbs as if they are possessed with some ill Spirit which proceedeth from the suddain and violent Convulsive motions of the Origens of the Nerves seated in the Brain whereupon the Muscles of the Limbs are drawn into consent by their highly disaffected Nerves productive of violent Muscular Agitations So that the Convulsed Muscles of the Trunk Legs and Thighs are not able to keep up the Body in an erect posture The continent cause of this Horrid Disease as attended with dismal accidents is seated in the Brain The continent cause of an Epilepsy and often produced by the hetorogeneous fermentative Particles of Nitro-sulphureous Elements disaffecting the serous parts of the Blood the Materia substrata of Animal Liquor and Spirits This Horrid Disease often proceeds from a clear serous Liquor The Falling-sickness proceeds from saline Particles of Meat and Drink impregnated with saline Particles somewhat akin to Aqua Fortis imbibed with the Liquors and Meat we eat and drink as they are infected with Mineral Elements which taint the Aliment with which Cattel are sustained The Nervous Liquor is sometimes vitiated with sharp and corrosive Humors resembling Vitriol so that the Blood and Nervous Liquor are vitiated with ill Humors which have much of the propriety of Vitriol as having sharp malignant acid astringent and corrosive qualities which being imparted to the Vital and Nervous Liquor do highly discompose the tender fibrous Compage of the Brain and Nerves arising out of it and dispensed to all the Muscular parts of the Body whereupon not only the Brain but the Limbs and Trunk are tortured with violent Convulsive motions the doleful attendants of an Epilepsy A young Man being seised with a violent Epileptick Fit The instance of a Patient dying of an Epilepsy flowing from sharp Serous Liquor accompanied with strong Concussions of the Muscular parts and a Froth about the Mouth was so much overpowred with it that it spake a period to his life And afterward his Brain being opened was found turgid with a quantity of clear serous Liquor in which the nervous Fibrils did seem to swim whereupon they being highly disaffected with the sharp and acid qualities of the ill watry Liquor were acted with Convulsive agitations the forerunners of Death An Epilepsy may also take its rise from a Caries of the Skull An Epilepsy proceeding from a Caries of the Brain infecting the Albuminous Liquor of the Vital Liquor with a corrupt quality in its passage through the lateral Sinus adjoyning to the Skull whereupon the Succus Nervosus being vitiated highly disordereth the fibrous Compage of the Brain productive of Convulsive motions the sad retinue of the Falling-sickness A young Man was highly tortured with a pain in his Head An instance of an Epileptick Patient dying of a◠carious Skull and violent Epileptick Fits which at last cut off the thread of his Life and afterward his Skull being taken off and inspected was found to be very much Carious in the inside which was the cause of his Disease and death by reason his Brain being opened appeared free from all ill Humors which might produce the cause of the Falling-sickness Sometimes this Disease may borrow its origination from a putrid Humor An Epilepsy coming from a putrid Humor corrupting the Nervous Liquor infesting the Coats of the Brain and corrupting the nervous Liquor which is made out of the mild parts of the Blood in the Cortical Glands and afterward received into the Extremities of the nervous Fibrils So that they being much disordered do draw the Nerves into consent and produce Convulsive motions the sad companions of an Epilepsy A Learned Man being highly afflicted with pain about the Synciput An instance of a Falling-sickness or top of his Head was afterward surprized with violent agitations of the Limbs and Froth about the Lips the concomitants of an Epilepsy and forerunners of Death This Malady may also be generated by an abscess of the Brain An
of strong Ligaments and by the entercourse of Fibres which mutually unite their several ranks So that when the Fibres grow tense and rigid by the free reception of drops of Blood through their fruitful Pores into their inward Compage the intermedial spaces of the Fibres are lessened and seeing the bodies of the Fibres being enlarged in dimensions cannot have recourse outward as being confined by the ambient parts of the Heart not capable to have their Convex Surface dilated the distended Fibres must of necessity be more and more drawn inward as they approach the Center of the Heart till the Concave Perimeter is first lessened and then taken away to discharge the Blood into the Orifices of the adjoyning Arteries for the support of the whole Body Farthermore The Septum of the Heart being thick is not easily Contracted the Septum or Partition-wall of the Heart being thick is not easily Contracted as made up of many Spiral Fibres which hinder the motion of its Extremities toward the Middle So that it is more easie according to the Mechanism of the Heart for the Walls by approaching each side of the Septum to lessen the Cavities of the Ventricles than for the Extremities of the Septum to be drawn toward the Middle Farthermore to illustrate this discourse of the Motion of the Heart I will add that the outward Perimeter of the Heart being not alterable as guarded with a multitude of Spiral Fibres and the more inward ranks acquiring greater dimensions by having their spongy substance distended with the reception of a quantity of Blood must be drawn inward by making more Corrugations as they approach the Center whereupon the sphaere relating to the Ventricles of the Heart must be lessened as being filled up by the enlarged Fibres of the Heart which being inwardly imitated by a large proportion of Blood imbibed into their inward Recesses and outwardly by a compression made by a current of Blood bearing upon the Walls of the Heart do often Contract inward appearing in repeated Vibrations to ease their Intrals and outward Surface from a load oppressing them by discharging it into the neighbouring Vessels And it is very conspicuous that the Motion of the Heart is exerted by fleshy Fibres moving in several ranks toward the Center by various Corrugations straightning the inward Perimeter of the Ventricles by making an Incision into the Ventricles whereby a Finger being immitted into either of them is highly pinched by the strong Contractions of the fleshy Fibres more and more approaching the Center The Cavities of the Ventricles are lessened in the Pulsation of the Heart And it is also agreeable to Ocular demonstration that at the same time when the divers ranks of fleshy Fibres are carried more and more inward in various Flexures toward the Center to lessen the Cavities of the Ventricles that the outward Perimeter of the Heart is neither Distended nor Contracted which I plainly saw in a Dog Dissected alive in the Theatre of the Colledge of Physicians in London And the Heart is a Machine of Motion The motion of the Heart is performed by Carnous and Tendinous Fibres not as acted alone by fleshy Fibres qua pure praecise tales but as accompanied with Nervous and Tendinous Fibres which are inserted into and mixed with Carnous and are great Auxiliaries if not principal Actors in the repeated Systoles of the Heart This may be clearly proved by a Ligature made upon the eighth Pair of Nerves in the Necks of Animals whereupon the Heart will be highly afflicted with great Palpitations faint Pulsations and difficult Breathing caused by the current of Nervous Liquor inspired with Animal Spirits much intercepted in its progress toward the Heart by a strong compress of the eighth pair of Nerves The Nervous Liquor is enobled with Animal Spirits seated in the Brain The Carnous Fibres are acted by Nervous as endued with Animal Liquor and Spirits whence they are rendred tense being a system of numerous Fibres as in a Fountain from which many constant streams of Animal juice are gently transmitted through several divarications of Nerves relating to the eighth pair and Intercostal Nerves into the fleshy Fibres and Tendons of the Heart which are rendred Tense with their Nervous Liquor expanded and invigorated with the Subtle and Elastick Particles of Animal Spirits as well as the Carnous Fibres are swelled with innumerable drops of Vital Liquor received through many Pores into their spongy substance whereby the many Lairs of fleshy Fibres fastned to each other by strong Ligaments and the mutual union of fleshy Fibres interceding them do more and more Contract toward the Center and cause the Walls of the Ventricles to make brisk Appulses upon the Blood and by a violent Compression force it out of the Cisterns of the Heart into the adjoyning Sanguiducts CHAP. XIX Of the Pathology of the Motion of the Heart HAving given a History of the Motion of the Heart Mechanically performed by the Contraction of various ranks of fleshy Fibres associated with many Tendinous and Nervous Fibres My design at this time is to speak of the Pathology of its Motion as it is after a manner abolished diminished or depraved The two first irregular Motions of the Heart may be comprised in a Syncope The Syncope and Lypothymy of the Heart do differ gradually and Lipothymy which do not formally or essentially differ but only gradually secundum Magis Minus as the first is higher than the latter So that they being both symptoms attending the Motion of the Heart are near akin to each other as proceeding from the same causes as affected with higher or lower degrees vid. From the defect of Blood or too great a quantity or from its grosness or Concretion or from Corruption or lastly by the defect or fault of the Animal Spirits The defect of Blood in the Heart The first cause of defect of Blood may proceed from a weak concoctive faculty of the Stomach derived from a want of due Ferments and kindly heat in Chronick and acute diseases whereupon a small quantity of Chyle the Materia substrata Sanguinis is produced Another cause of the defect of Blood in the Heart The second cause of the Penury of Blood may be deduced from an obstruction of the ascendent Trunk of the Vena Cava caused by some Fleshy substance or by some concreted Blood intercepting the current of Blood into the right Cistern of the Heart or by the same causes in the Pulmonary Vessels giving a check to the motion of Blood out of the Lungs into the left Ventricle An Instance may be given of the hindred circulation of Blood produced from its Coagulation in the Trunk of the Vena Cava in a Maid of Fourteen years old who after she had been highly afflicted for a day with a great heaviness and a vertiginous indisposition and frequent Syncopes took her farewell of her Friends and her miserable life and afterward she
being opened to inspect the cause of her death the Brain was found to be free from any disaffection and the Vena Cava to be filled with concreted Blood which rendred the right Ventricle empty of it which proved satal to this young Virgin Another cause of a Lipothymy or Syncope often attended with a fatal stroke may arise out of so great a torrent of Blood A second cause of a Lypothymy carried into the Ventricles that the Heart is not able to discharge it out of the right into the Pulmonary Artery nor out of the left into the Aorta whereupon a suddain Suffocation the Heart immediately ensueth and the motion of the Blood wholly taken away Sir Robert Fen a worthy Gentleman An instance of this cause and Servant of King Charles the First of most blessed Memory being subject to great Passion was so highly surprized with Fear upon the occasion of a conceived imminent loss that he fell down dead in a moment which was as I humbly conceive caused by a great sourch of Blood suddainly impelled into the right Ventricle and Suffocated the Heart A third cause of a Lipothymy or Syncope A third cause of a Lipothymy may be deduced from a grosness or concretion of Blood proceeding from an over-fibrous disposition that is from numerous Films and Vesicles containing gross Atoms of Blood full of fixed Saline Particles Coagulating the Blood in the Ventricles often producing a Polypus inducing these ill accidents of the Heart These symptoms may also be caused by some fleshy Excrescence filling up either of the Ventricles So that they are not receptive of Vital Liquor These symptoms may proceed from an Excrescence filling up either Ventricle of the Heart whereupon the Heart loseth its use and motion as being designed by Nature to transmit Blood into all parts of the Body A Woman of great Honour and Birth was frequently tortured with a pain of the Heart and great Fainting Fits which could not be taken away by the power of Art and at last the pain and Lipothymies growing more and more afflictive Death became the best remedy And afterward her Body being opened and her Heart inspected a black Flesh substance somewhat resembling a Medlie in figure was discovered in the left Sinus of the Heart Another cause of these ill symptoms of the Heart A Syncope and Lipothymy may come from Purulent Matter or Ulcer of the Heart may be taken from a Purulent Matter flowing from an Ulcer of the Heart tainting and distoning the mass of Blood passing through the Ventricles whereupon the Fibres of the Heart grow faint and at last lose their Contractions proceeding from a vitiated dispirited corrupted Blood received into their inward Compage whence follow Lipothymies Syncopes and Death it self A Citizen long afflicted with a high Hypocondriacal passion and an acute Fever accompanied with Lipothymies and Syncopes determining in a happy departure as the period of pain and misery his Body being Dissected the Cavity of the Thorax was found full of a thin red faetide humor which was also lodged in the left Ventricle of the Heart flown from an Ulcer These severe accidents of the Heart do often arise out of the Ulcers of the neighbouring parts as the Lungs Pleura Mediastine Midriff Liver These symptoms may arise out of Ulcers of the adjacent parts Spleen Pancreas which being oppressed by Ulcerous Matter do transmit it by smaller branches of Veins peculiar to the said Viscera into the ascendent Trunk of the Cava and from thence into the right Ventricle of the Heart whereby its Fibres are highly discomposed by Pus imbibed into them with the Blood These most troublesom accidents of the Heart perverting the Oeconomy of its Motion A Syncope and Lipothymy coming from Malignant steams of the Blood in Pestilential Fevers are often produced in Malignant Fevers by Venenate Steams corrupting the native disposition and distoning and destroying the Spirituous parts of the Blood whereupon it groweth Concreted in the great Vessels and Ventricles of the Heart So that the poysonous steams being received with the Blood into the substance of the fleshy Fibres do weaken if not take away their Contractions whence ensue Lipothymies and Syncopes the forerunners of Death Another cause of these dreadful Symptoms may be derived from the indisposition of the Brain The symptoms may come from the indisposition of the Brain either not generating a sufficient quantity of Nervous Liquor to invigorate the Nerves of the Heart or else if it be generated cannot be transmitted to the Cardiack Nerves caused by some obstruction of them whereupon the Fibres are not able to play their parts in the scene of repeated Motions as not impregnated with Animal Spirits which may be one cause of Lipothymies and Syncopes speaking a conclusion to Life And the motion of the Heart is not only lessened in Lipothymies The Palpitation of the Heart and abolished in Syncopes but depraved also in Palpitations which are sometimes so great that the Cone striketh the left side near the Pap with so great a violence that it may be plainly seen felt and heard too at some distance The Mechanick cause of an erection of the Heart whereby it striketh the Breast The cause of the Heart striking the lest side proceedeth very much from the oblique situation of the Heart and disposition of the Fibres which are obliquely and spirally wreathed and brought round from the right toward the left side of the Heart and this posture of the Fibres is very much assisted by the conformation of the Heart as the left Wall is more short and less Carnous and crooked in the left Ventricle of the Heart than in the right which is encompassed with two Walls as Learned Borellus hath observed Unde ait ille in Systole erigi debet Cordis mucro versus sinistram partem pectoris eamque percutere potest pro gradu violentiae qua erigitur Hoc salvari quoque potest vel adjuvari ab erectione Cordis oblique jacentis vel à situatione dispositione Fibrarum quae oblique spiraliter circumducuntur à parte dextra basis Cordis versus sinistram partem Verticis unde in inflatione Fibrarum anterius versus sinistram partem sic percussio fieri potest The erection of the Heart perverting the Oeconomy of Nature wherein the Mucro of the Heart maketh violent strokes upon the left side is called Palpitation The Palpitation proceeding from too great a quantity of Blood which may be derived from many Causes one may arise from too great a quantity of Blood which the Heart being unable wholly to discharge in every Systole is so oppressed as to make strong and frequent Contractions of its Fibres wherein the Cone of the Heart being elevated maketh strong Appulses upon the left side to discharge the exuberant Blood by most brisk Vibrations A second cause of the Palpitation of the Heart The second cause of the Palpitation may