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A20377 Profitable instructions describing what speciall obseruations are to be taken by trauellers in all nations, states and countries; pleasant and profitable. By the three much admired, Robert, late Earle of Essex. Sir Philip Sidney. And, Secretary Davison. Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of, 1566-1601.; Sidney, Philip, Sir, 1554-1586. aut; Davison, William, 1541?-1608. aut 1633 (1633) STC 6789; ESTC S109627 10,885 122

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and cowardly as it is as much in vaine to inflame or inlarge their minds as to goe about to plough the Rockes But where these actiue vertues are but budding they must bee repaired by ripenesse of iudgement and custome of wel-doing Clearnesse of iudgement makes men liberall for it teacheth them to esteeme of the goods of Fortune not for themselues for so they are but Iaylors to them but for their vse for so they are Lords ouer them And it maketh vs know that it is Beatius dare quam accipere the one being abadge of Soueraignty the other of subiection Also it leadeth vs to Fortitude for it teacheth that wee should not too much prize life which we cannot keepe nor feare death which wee cannot shunne That as he which dieth Nobly doth liue for euer so hee that doth liue in feare doth die continually I shall not need to proue these two things for we see by experience they hold true in all things which I haue hitherto set downe What I desire or wish I would haue your Lordship to take in minde what it is to make your selfe an expert man and what are the generall helps which all men must vse which haue the same desire I will now moue your Lordship to consider what helps your trauell will gaine you First when you see infinite variety of behauior and manners of men you must choose and imitate the best when you see new delights that you neuer knew and haue passions stirred in you which you neuer felt you shall know what disease your minde is aptest to fall into and what the things are that bred that disease When you come into Armies or places where you shall see any thing of the wars you shall conforme your natural courage to be fit for true Fortitude which is not giuen vnto man by nature but must grow out of the discourse of reason And lastly in your trauell you shall haue great help to attaine to knowledge which is not onely the excellentest thing in man but the very excellency of man In Manners your Lordship must not be caught with nouelties which are pleasing to young men nor infected with Custome which maketh vs keepe our owne all graces and participate of those wee see euery day nor giuen to affectation which is a generall fault amongst English Trauellers which is both displeasing ridiculous In discouering your passions and meeting with them giue no way or dispense with your selfe resoluing to conquer your selfe in all for the streame that may be stop'd with a mans hand at the Spring-head may drowne whole Armies when it hath run long In your being in warres thinke it better at the first to doe a great deale too much than any thing too little for a young man especially a strangers first actions are looked vpon and Reputation once gotten is easily kept but an euill impression conceiued at the first is not easily remoued The last thing I am to speake is but the first you are to seeke It is Knowledge To praise knowledge or to perswade your Lordship to seeke it I shall not need to vse many words I will onely say Where it is wanting that man is voyd of any good Without it there can be no Fortitude for all dangers come of fury and fury is passion and passions euer turne to the contraries and therfore the most furious men when their first blast is spent be commonly the most fearfull Without it there can be no Liberalitie for giuing is but want of audacitie to deny or else discretion to poyse Without it there can be no Iustice for giuing to a man that which is his owne is but chance or want of a corrupter or seducer Without it there can be no Constancy or Patience for suffering is but dulnesse or senselesnesse Without it there can be no temperāce for we shall restraine our selues from good as well as from euill For hee that cannot discerne cannot elect or choose Nay without it there can bee no true Religion all other devotion being but a blinde zeale which is as strong in Heresie as in Truth To reckon vp all the parts of knowledge and to shew the way to attaine to euery part is a worke too great for mee to vndertake at any time and too long to discourse at this time therefore I will onely speake of such a knowledge as your Lordship shold haue desire to seeke and shall haue meanes to compasse I forbeare also to speake of Diuine knowledge which must direct our Faith both because I find my owne insufficiency and because I hope your Lordship doth nourish the seeds of Religion which during your education at Cambridge were sown in you I will onely say this That as the irresolute man can neuer performe any action well so hee that is not resolued in Religion can bee resolued in nothing else But that Ciuill knowledge which will make you doe wel by your selfe and good vnto others must bee sought by Study by Conference and obseruation In the course of your Study choice of your booke you must looke to haue the grounds of learning which are the Liberal Arts and then vse study of delight but sometimes for recreation and neither drowne your selfe in them nor omit those studies whereof you are to haue continual vse Aboue all other bookes bee conuersant in Histories for they will best instruct you in matters Morall Politike and Military by which and in which you must settle your Iudgment I make Conference the second helpe to Knowledge in order though I finde it the first and greatest in profiting and I haue so placed them because hee that is not studied knoweth not what to doubt nor what to aske To profit much by Conference you must chuse to conferre with expert men for men will be of contrary opinions and euery one will make his owne probable In Conference bee neither suspitious nor beleeuing all you know what opinion soeuer you haue of the man that deliuereth it nor too desirous to contradict I doe conclude this point of Conference with this aduice That your Lordship should rather go an hundred miles to speake with one wise man than fiue miles to see a fair Towne The third way to attaine to Knowledge is Obseruation and not long life nor seeing much because as he that rides a way often and takes no care of notes or marks to direct him if hee come the same way againe to make him know where hee is if he come vnto it he shall neuer proue good guide So hee that liueth long and seeth much and obserueth nothing shall neuer proue any wise man The vse of Obseruation is in noting the coherence of causes effects counsels and succcesses with the proportion and likenesse betweene Nature and Nature Fortune and Fortune Action and Action State and State Time past and Time present Your Lordship now seeth that the end of Study Conference and Obseruation is Knowledge you must know also that the true end of