Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	law_n	punishment_n	sin_n	9,072	5	5.3449	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51184	Remarkable addresses by way of embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Emperor of Japan Containing a description of their several territories, cities, temples, and fortresses; their religions, laws, and customs; their prodigious vvealth, and gorgeous habits; the nature of their soil, plants, beasts, hills, rivers, and fountains: with the character of the ancient and modern Japanners. Collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus. English'd, and adorn'd with a hundred several sculptures, by John Ogilby Esq; His Majesties cosmographer, geographick printer, and master of the revels in the Kingdom of Ireland.; Gedenkwaerdige gesantschappen der Oost-Indische maatschappy in 't Vereenigde Nederland, aan de Kaiseren van Japan. English.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing M2486A; ESTC R218646	565,250	480

end_n with_o their_o life_n but_o remain_v barbarous_o savage_a to_o their_o dead_a body_n which_o they_o permit_v no_o burial_n but_o leave_v expose_v as_o a_o prey_n for_o the_o fowl_n of_o the_o air._n thus_o be_v the_o sentence_n pronounce_v against_o the_o martyr_n claudius_n asterius_n and_o neon_n let_v they_o be_v nail_v to_o the_o cross_n that_o their_o flesh_n may_v be_v devour_v by_o the_o raven_n those_o that_o be_v not_o by_o excess_n of_o scourge_v beforehand_o tire_v out_o live_v a_o long_a time_n on_o the_o cross_n whereof_o some_o according_a to_o seneca_n do_v spit_v on_o those_o that_o stand_v gaze_v on_o they_o other_o 22._o just_a l._n 22._o as_o justinus_n witness_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n concern_v their_o general_n bomilcar_n rail_v at_o those_o that_o have_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v crucified_a bomilcar_n unhappy_o lie_v in_o sicily_n in_o the_o field_n against_o agathocles_n from_o whence_o return_v he_o be_v take_v in_o the_o marketplace_n in_o carthage_n and_o nail_v to_o a_o cross_n and_o from_o thence_o as_o from_o a_o stage_n he_o relate_v the_o treacherous_a deal_n of_o his_o subject_n charge_v sometime_o hanno_n than_o gisgo_n and_o at_o last_o hamilcar_n with_o several_a crime_n of_o which_o he_o wish_v they_o to_o clear_v themselves_o whilst_o these_o cruel_a way_n of_o crucify_a be_v use_v it_o happen_v sometime_o though_o very_o seldom_o that_o by_o the_o favour_n and_o compassion_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o crucified_a be_v take_v off_o and_o recover_v vita_fw-la josephus_n in_o sva_fw-la vita_fw-la josephus_n relate_v how_o that_o go_n from_o a_o village_n to_o the_o roman_a army_n he_o see_v a_o great_a many_o jew_n hang_v on_o cross_n among_o which_o be_v three_o that_o have_v former_o be_v his_o intimate_a friend_n and_o see_v they_o in_o that_o miserable_a condition_n he_o immediate_o go_v to_o the_o general_n titus_n vespasianus_n to_o beg_v of_o he_o that_o he_o will_v grant_v he_o leave_v to_o take_v they_o down_o which_o he_o permit_v but_o of_o those_o three_o only_o one_o be_v preserve_v alive_a to_o rack_n the_o crucified_a for_o a_o quick_a dispatch_n be_v perform_v on_o the_o two_o murderer_n which_o suffer_v with_o christ_n but_o that_o be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o roman_a but_o the_o levitical_a law_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o deuteronomy_n 23._o deut._n 21._o verse_n 22_o 23._o if_o a_o man_n have_v commit_v a_o sin_n worthy_a of_o death_n and_o he_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o thou_o hang_v he_o on_o a_o tree_n his_o body_n shall_v not_o remain_v all_o night_n on_o the_o tree_n but_o thou_o shall_v in_o any_o wise_a bury_v he_o that_o day_n for_o he_o that_o be_v hang_v be_v accurse_v of_o god_n that_o thy_o land_n be_v not_o defile_v which_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n give_v thou_o for_o a_o inheritance_n ambrose_n give_v we_o his_o opinion_n thereof_o it_o seem_v say_v he_o rom._n ambr._n in_o c._n 3._o in_o rom._n to_o be_v enough_o for_o a_o condemn_a person_n that_o he_o be_v hang_v up_o and_o die_v on_o the_o wood_n for_o if_o he_o shall_v hang_v long_o his_o death_n will_v suffer_v more_o shame_n than_o his_o crime_n have_v deserve_v and_o will_v be_v a_o continual_a disgrace_n to_o his_o posterity_n when_o his_o death_n shall_v daily_o be_v report_v up_o and_o down_o crucified_a rack_v the_o crucified_a but_o rack_a be_v not_o usual_a with_o the_o roman_n who_o seek_v by_o long_o torture_v to_o make_v their_o death_n the_o more_o miserable_a so_o delight_v their_o ear_n with_o the_o cry_v and_o shriek_n of_o the_o poor_a die_a wretch_n yet_o the_o spectator_n seem_v not_o satisfy_v by_o behold_v only_o the_o misery_n of_o these_o poor_a condemn_a creature_n be_v how_o it_o be_v the_o roman_a emperor_n dioclesian_n and_o maximinus_n begin_v first_o to_o rack_n the_o crucified_a which_o they_o perform_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o hold_v a_o iron_n anvil_n under_o their_o leg_n and_o arm_n whilst_o another_o with_o a_o great_a mallet_n break_v their_o bone_n all_o to_o piece_n christian_n why_o the_o heathen_n and_o japanner_n crucify_v the_o christian_n it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o heathen_n in_o ancient_a time_n and_o the_o japanner_n under_o daifusama_n government_n choose_v that_o death_n on_o purpose_n for_o the_o christian_n because_o they_o believe_v in_o a_o crucified_a christ_n wherefore_o daifusama_n also_o give_v they_o charge_n to_o run_v they_o through_o the_o side_n with_o two_o long_a spear_n because_o our_o saviour_n be_v transpierce_v and_o whilst_o the_o heathen_n seek_v thus_o to_o disgrace_v the_o christian_n by_o crucify_a they_o they_o take_v it_o as_o a_o great_a glory_n die_v the_o same_o death_n as_o the_o son_n of_o god_n have_v do_v for_o their_o sin_n concern_v this_o kind_n of_o punishment_n and_o the_o cross_n itself_o several_a author_n have_v write_v at_o large_a especial_o minutius_n felix_n maximus_fw-la taurinensis_n tertullianus_n and_o other_o 2._o justin_n apol._n 2._o i_o will_v out_o of_o all_o select_a only_a two_o viz._n justin_n martyr_n who_o say_v view_v all_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n can_v they_o be_v govern_v or_o any_o way_n use_v without_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n the_o earth_n be_v not_o plough_v without_o it_o the_o digger_n perform_v not_o their_o labour_n nor_o other_o handicraft_n unless_o they_o have_v a_o cross_n among_o their_o tool_n or_o instrument_n man_n differ_v no_o way_n in_o his_o shape_n from_o a_o beast_n only_o that_o he_o be_v upright_o and_o can_v spread_v his_o arm_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o cross_n hieronymus_n say_v 11._o hieronim_n in_o mar._n c._n 11._o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o cross_n represent_v the_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o world_n the_o bird_n when_o they_o fly_v in_o the_o air_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o cross_n a_o man_n swim_v or_o pray_v show_v also_o like_o a_o cross_n it_o be_v also_o worthy_a our_o observation_n what_o ruffinus_n 15._o ruff._n l._n 2.2_o c._n 29._o sozom._n l._n 3._o c._n 15._o sozomenus_n and_o suidas_n have_v publish_v namely_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n the_o great_a the_o idol_n temple_n be_v all_o pull_v down_o in_o egypt_n be_v also_o destroy_v a_o ancient_a temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o famous_a serapis_n the_o wall_n round_o about_o be_v pull_v to_o the_o ground_n discover_v several_a stone_n engrave_v with_o strange_a character_n which_o only_o the_o priest_n of_o serapis_n can_v read_v many_o of_o which_o be_v make_v like_o a_o cross_n signify_v the_o life_n which_o be_v to_o come_v lactantius_n firmianus_n relate_v 13._o lact._n l._n 4._o c._n 13._o that_o the_o oracle_n of_o apollo_n long_o before_o our_o saviour_n birth_n roar_v out_o this_o verse_n of_o christ_n suffer_v by_o nail_n and_o crucify_a pain_n a_o bitter_a death_n he_o do_v sustain_v it_o seem_v no_o wonder_n that_o daifusama_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o the_o roman_a heathen_n for_o the_o reason_n aforementioned_a when_o he_o perceive_v that_o the_o behead_n of_o the_o christian_n seem_v too_o easy_a a_o death_n he_o crucified_a they_o christian_n the_o spanish_a force_n the_o occasion_n of_o the_o japanner_n persecute_v the_o christian_n but_o among_o the_o five_o occasion_n which_o make_v daifusama_n persecute_v the_o christian_n be_v the_o suspect_a force_n of_o the_o spaniard_n who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o divers_a place_n in_o the_o world_n as_o the_o far-spreading_a coast_n of_o guinee_n and_o angola_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o africa_n and_o to_o the_o west_n a_o whole_a new_a world_n divide_v into_o new-spain_n mexico_n peru_n chili_n and_o chaca_n beside_o many_o brave_a island_n which_o they_o have_v conquer_a and_o since_o anno_fw-la 1581._o the_o portuguese_n fall_v under_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n all_o those_o vanquish_a territory_n in_o india_n be_v likewise_o become_v their_o acquest_n so_o that_o they_o can_v in_o a_o short_a time_n bring_v great_a force_n from_o goa_n malacca_n macao_n and_o other_o place_n to_o sea_n but_o chief_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o philippines_n be_v most_o suspect_v as_o be_v too_o near_o the_o japanner_n they_o not_o desire_v such_o potent_a neighbour_n who_o but_o a_o few_o year_n before_o have_v land_a there_o and_o since_o endeavour_v continual_o to_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n but_o this_o business_n require_v our_o far_a description_n philippines_n who_o first_o discover_v the_o philippines_n ¶_o at_o the_o time_n when_o lodowick_n de_fw-fr velasco_n in_o the_o name_n of_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n bear_v the_o chief_a command_n over_o mexico_n he_o receive_v order_n from_o madrid_n anno_fw-la 1564._o to_o rig_n out_o a_o great_a fleet_n and_o with_o they_o seek_v to_o discover_v some_o of_o those_o island_n that_o lay_v to_o the_o southward_n of_o japan_n where_o former_o ferdinand_n magellanus_fw-la first_o land_a

riogose_n king_n of_o ximo_n who_o also_o come_v off_o with_o great_a loss_n pay_v dear_o for_o his_o insurrection_n but_o xumitanda_n jusuit_n promote_v the_o jusuit_n after_o have_v erect_v forty_o church_n or_o chapel_n for_o the_o jesuit_n and_o banish_a paganism_n from_o his_o dominion_n insomuch_o that_o a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n not_o one_o heathen_a be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o province_n omura_n according_a to_o the_o annual_a observation_n keep_v by_o the_o jesuit_n in_o japan_n die_v anno_fw-la 1587._o far_o less_o trouble_n do_v the_o king_n of_o arima_fw-la find_v when_o beside_o those_o of_o bungo_n and_o omura_n he_o also_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n those_o be_v the_o three_o king_n which_z anno_fw-la 1582._o send_v to_o his_o holiness_n at_o rome_n the_o ambassador_n munico_n ito_n michael_n cinga_n julianus_n nacaura_n and_o martinus_n fara_fw-mi as_o we_o have_v already_o relate_v at_o large_a jesuit_n the_o japan_n ambassador_n which_o go_v to_o rome_n prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o jesuit_n ¶_o concern_v the_o return_n of_o these_o japanner_n linschot_n say_v thus_o the_o japanner_n go_v to_o sail_v from_o the_o haven_n of_o lisbon_n in_o the_o ship_n st._n philip_n which_o in_o its_o return_n home_o be_v take_v by_o the_o english_a admiral_n drake_n and_o be_v the_o first_o ship_n that_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o east-india_n expedition_n about_o which_o be_v several_a opinion_n at_o that_o time_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n name_n and_o whilst_o i_o be_v at_o goa_n they_o come_v thither_o clothe_v in_o cloth_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n in_o a_o most_o costly_a manner_n after_o the_o italian_a fashion_n and_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a joy_n by_o the_o jesuit_n who_o have_v finish_v that_o their_o great_a design_n to_o that_o purpose_n publish_v a_o book_n in_o spanish_a contain_v the_o voyage_n and_o travel_n of_o the_o japanner_n as_o well_o by_o water_n as_o by_o land_n and_o their_o several_a reception_n by_o the_o european_a prince_n go_v from_o goa_n to_o japan_n they_o occasion_v no_o small_a admiration_n in_o their_o countryman_n the_o jesuit_n desire_v this_o as_o they_o pretend_v for_o two_o several_a reason_n first_o to_o make_v the_o japanner_n the_o willing_a to_o embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o also_o that_o they_o may_v be_v eye-witness_n of_o the_o glorious_a and_o excellent_a city_n which_o none_o can_v possible_o persuade_v they_o to_o believe_v but_o indeed_o the_o chief_a reason_n be_v to_o make_v their_o order_n famous_a and_o also_o to_o get_v a_o mass_n of_o treasure_n thereby_o for_o they_o keep_v most_o of_o the_o present_n that_o be_v give_v to_o the_o japan_n prince_n for_o themselves_o and_o they_o obtain_v likewise_o a_o order_n from_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n that_o no_o portugal_n nor_o any_o other_o christian_n may_v settle_v in_o japan_n without_o their_o licence_n so_o that_o the_o jesuit_n turn_v out_o other_o friar_n keep_v only_o a_o few_o priest_n and_o portugal_n artificer_n without_o which_o they_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v to_o other_o of_o what_o estate_n or_o degree_n soever_o their_o admission_n into_o the_o country_n be_v on_o this_o proviso_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o their_o business_n be_v finish_v they_o shall_v depart_v but_o if_o they_o be_v mind_v to_o stay_v long_o they_o shall_v buy_v that_o liberty_n for_o money_n of_o the_o jesuit_n for_o they_o be_v most_o eminent_a and_o powerful_a in_o all_o place_n of_o japan_n where_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n be_v preach_v they_o make_v the_o japanner_n believe_v what_o they_o listen_v they_o be_v honour_v by_o they_o like_o god_n and_o saint_n they_o also_o obtain_v leave_v of_o the_o pope_n that_o they_o may_v out_o of_o their_o order_n choose_v a_o bishop_n over_o japan_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o their_o order_n he_o that_o be_v send_v to_o perform_v this_o office_n be_v come_v from_o portugal_n but_o die_v by_o the_o way_n another_o be_v elect_v in_o his_o place_n in_o short_a the_o jesuit_n endeavour_n to_o get_v all_o thing_n here_o under_o their_o command_n thus_o far_o linschot_n japan_n the_o manner_n how_o the_o jesuit_n spread_v the_o christian_a religion_n in_o japan_n ¶_o it_o be_v also_o worthy_a our_o observation_n how_o the_o jesuit_n spread_v the_o catholic_n religion_n over_o most_o part_n of_o japan_n xaverius_n begin_v first_o tell_v they_o of_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n and_o how_o god_n have_v create_v all_o thing_n and_o that_o the_o son_n of_o god_n in_o the_o fullness_n of_o time_n have_v take_v upon_o he_o man_n nature_n and_o die_v on_o the_o cross_n be_v bury_v rise_v again_o and_o ascend_v up_o to_o heaven_n from_o whence_o he_o will_v come_v to_o judge_v the_o quick_a and_o the_o dead_a this_o doctrine_n translate_v out_o of_o portugal_n in_o the_o japan_n tongue_n xaverius_n read_v the_o easy_a to_o the_o japanner_n because_o it_o be_v write_v in_o portugal_n character_n cosmus_n turianus_n and_o joannes_n ferdinandez_n preach_v most_o of_o the_o miracle_n which_o christ_n wrought_v and_o teach_v the_o auditor_n to_o make_v cross_n with_o the_o right-hand_a and_o to_o begin_v at_o the_o head_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n and_o so_o sign_v themselves_o down_o to_o the_o breast_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o son_n and_o then_o from_o the_o left_a shoulder_n to_o the_o right_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n they_o also_o instruct_v they_o to_o pray_v on_o garland_n of_o rose_n tell_v they_o over_o knob_v by_o knob_v and_o say_v jesus_n maria._n christian_n a_o strange_a way_n how_o the_o japanner_n become_v christian_n paul_n of_o the_o holy_a belief_n use_v a_o picture_n represent_v the_o image_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o the_o child_n jesus_n sit_v in_o her_o lap_n which_o he_o hold_v before_o the_o king_n cangoxima_fw-la to_o the_o end_n to_o make_v he_o loathe_v the_o heathenish_a idolatry_n other_o jesuit_n show_v they_o that_o the_o angel_n michael_n be_v the_o guardian_n over_o japan_n unfolding_a to_o they_o the_o occasion_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n gaping_n of_o the_o sky_n rain-bow_n storm_n hail_o snow_n and_o such_o like_a meteor_n ground_v on_o nature_n ¶_o the_o italian_a joannes_n baptista_n montanus_n relate_v in_o a_o letter_n write_v from_o bungo_n anno_fw-la 1564._o that_o when_o he_o set_v foot_n on_o japan_n be_v send_v thither_o by_o cosmus_n turrianus_n to_o the_o king_n of_o bungo_n who_o have_v above_o a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a desire_v to_o have_v a_o priest_n he_o be_v courteous_o receive_v by_o he_o yet_o the_o king_n remain_v still_o among_o the_o sect_n of_o the_o bonzy_n montanus_n none_o teach_v the_o japanner_n better_o than_o the_o jesuit_n montanus_n which_o deny_v the_o mortality_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o show_v a_o great_a respect_n to_o all_o christian_n moreover_o montanus_n relate_v what_o course_n he_o take_v in_o convert_v the_o japanner_n in_o bungo_n first_o he_o contradict_v with_o strong_a argument_n the_o japan_n religion_n show_v they_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o attain_v salvation_n thereby_o when_o they_o understand_v this_o than_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o one_o god_n have_v create_v all_o thing_n of_o nothing_o and_o make_v man_n according_a to_o his_o own_o image_n to_o govern_v all_o but_o the_o wicked_a that_o run_v headlong_o and_o wilful_o to_o the_o devil_n have_v no_o share_n therein_o and_o that_o our_o sin_n have_v bring_v death_n upon_o we_o and_o how_o man_n be_v still_o incline_v to_o wickedness_n act_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n nay_o against_o god_n himself_o and_o since_o our_o sin_n provoke_v so_o omnipotent_a a_o god_n they_o deserve_v everlasting_a punishment_n but_o the_o second_o person_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n have_v take_v upon_o he_o man_n nature_n in_o the_o virgin_n mary_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v in_o man_n nature_n which_o can_v only_o suffer_v die_v for_o our_o sin_n a_o most_o cruel_a death_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o godhead_n prepare_v for_o we_o after_o this_o transitory_a life_n a_o everlasting_a be_v where_o there_o be_v the_o fullness_n of_o all_o joy_n then_o he_o explain_v they_o the_o law_n custom_n and_o mystery_n of_o baptism_n and_o at_o last_o answer_v the_o bonzy_n to_o their_o several_a contradiction_n which_o they_o make_v against_o the_o christian_a religion_n manner_n trojus_fw-la convert_v the_o japanner_n after_o a_o ridiculous_a manner_n trojus_fw-la hung_fw-la a_o cross_n about_o the_o neck_n of_o those_o that_o be_v baptise_a give_v every_o one_o a_o string_n of_o bead_n and_o a_o consecrate_a piece_n of_o wax_n on_o one_o side_n the_o name_n jesus_n surround_v with_o a_o thorn_n crown_n on_o the_o other_o the_o impression_n of_o three_o spikes_n a_o great_a box_n full_a

good_a out_o of_o himself_o if_o he_o be_v good_a from_o whence_o be_v these_o bad_a devil_n do_v god_n create_v they_o bad_a where_o then_o be_v his_o abundant_a goodness_n or_o do_v he_o give_v over_o those_o to_o evil_a which_o he_o can_v have_v keep_v from_o it_o be_v man_n create_v to_o serve_v god_n in_o holiness_n why_o do_v he_o suffer_v the_o devil_n to_o tempt_v he_o to_o wickedness_n why_o be_v man_n leave_v to_o himself_o that_o can_v subsist_v without_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n how_o can_v it_o also_o agree_v with_o god_n goodness_n to_o create_v man_n unable_a by_o their_o weakness_n to_o be_v condemn_v for_o their_o sin_n and_o by_o their_o damnation_n for_o ever_o miserable_a and_o why_o be_v there_o such_o law_n ordain_v that_o no_o creature_n on_o earth_n be_v able_a to_o perform_v the_o least_o breach_n of_o which_o be_v eternal_a damnation_n insomuch_o that_o upon_o necessity_n the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n by_o the_o power_n of_o that_o law_n must_v be_v 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escape_v by_o flight_n die_v a_o most_o miserable_a death_n whereupon_o the_o general_a cry_n of_o the_o bonzy_n be_v that_o the_o unknown_a god_n of_o the_o christian_n must_v be_v a_o most_o horrible_a monster_n by_o who_o religion_n if_o it_o take_v foot_v in_o their_o country_n japan_n will_v be_v utter_o destroy_v japan_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o roman_a religion_n go_v on_o so_o prosperous_o in_o japan_n notwithstanding_o these_o grand_a opposition_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o country_n either_o west_n north_n or_o south_n that_o have_v be_v discover_v by_o navigation_n which_o have_v take_v so_o large_a a_o impression_n of_o the_o true_a faith_n as_o japan_n notwithstanding_o the_o blood-bath_n which_o be_v make_v there_o the_o cruel_a persecution_n the_o barbarousness_n of_o their_o torture_n the_o meekness_n of_o the_o sufferer_n the_o infinite_a number_n of_o misery_n which_o happen_v in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n that_o can_v scarce_o be_v parallel_v by_o any_o other_o people_n in_o the_o world_n for_o which_o cause_n we_o will_v relate_v the_o way_n by_o which_o the_o christian_n in_o japan_n go_v on_o so_o successful_o poor_a the_o first_o reason_n why_o the_o jesuit_n speak_v for_o the_o poor_a the_o jesuit_n soon_o after_o their_o arrival_n be_v much_o frequent_v by_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o japan_n the_o country_n be_v so_o exceed_o populous_a that_o they_o seem_v to_o undo_v one_o another_o the_o nobles_z live_v on_o the_o gain_n of_o their_o subject_n who_o bring_v they_o in_o so_o much_o that_o they_o scarce_o know_v their_o own_o revenue_n whilst_o the_o mean_a sort_n undergo_v extreme_a poverty_n and_o the_o more_o because_o compassion_n be_v banish_v from_o the_o country_n and_o nothing_o less_o find_v there_o than_o charity_n to_o the_o poor_a the_o jesuit_n preach_v against_o their_o hardheartedness_n teach_v they_o that_o the_o christian_a religion_n require_v bountiful_a heart_n towards_o the_o poor_a that_o man_n shall_v have_v compassion_n of_o one_o another_o misery_n he_o deserve_v to_o be_v forsake_v in_o his_o misery_n which_o will_v not_o act_v for_o his_o neighbour_n relief_n what_o be_v it_o that_o can_v happen_v to_o one_o but_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o another_o who_o will_v forget_v a_o poor_a man_n that_o be_v himself_o subject_a to_o all_o frailty_n this_o doctrine_n the_o poor_a japanner_n embrace_v the_o more_o willing_o because_o it_o plead_v for_o their_o poverty_n but_o yet_o it_o take_v a_o deep_a impression_n when_o the_o action_n itself_o follow_v for_o when_o the_o jesuit_n have_v get_v some_o of_o the_o prince_n to_o embrace_v their_o religion_n almshouse_n build_v almshouse_n which_o allow_v they_o great_a revenue_n they_o immediate_o build_v almshouse_n divide_v they_o into_o two_o several_a apartment_n in_o one_o of_o which_o those_o that_o be_v infect_v with_o the_o leprosy_n have_v their_o lodging_n and_o in_o the_o other_o those_o that_o have_v other_o sickness_n great_a multitude_n come_v flock_v thither_o and_o at_o the_o enter_v of_o the_o alms-house_n receive_v baptism_n thus_o the_o jesuit_n number_n increase_v daily_o to_o their_o great_a cost_n and_o charge_n none_o but_o poor_a and_o needy_a people_n come_v to_o they_o out_o of_o necessity_n be_v baptise_a the_o letter_n may_v be_v see_v wherein_o they_o make_v heavy_a complaint_n that_o the_o japan_n christian_n consist_v most_o in_o disease_a and_o decrepit_a poor_a people_n which_o be_v convert_v only_o to_o be_v maintain_v by_o they_o poor_a bonzy_n be_v cruel_a to_o the_o poor_a and_o these_o come_v the_o more_o because_o the_o bonzy_n never_o regard_v they_o neither_o bestow_v alm_n nor_o take_v care_n of_o their_o burial_n or_o to_o provide_v such_o thing_n as_o their_o religion_n require_v after_o death_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v live_v in_o joy_n and_o happiness_n with_o their_o god_n amida_n and_o xaca_n but_o it_o be_v no_o marvel_n why_o the_o

again_o to_o our_o ambassador_n upon_o their_o departure_n from_o jedo_n where_o have_v find_v no_o opportunity_n nor_o time_n to_o visit_v the_o emperor_n tomb_n in_o niko_n who_o lustre_n be_v make_v the_o great_a by_o the_o branch_a candlestick_n give_v by_o the_o east-india_n company_n to_o the_o japan_n emperor_n as_o be_v cast_v of_o copper_n and_o bring_v from_o holland_n such_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a voyage_n the_o lord_n frisius_n and_o brookhurst_n take_v their_o leave_n from_o jedo_n proceed_v on_o in_o their_o journey_n to_o nangesaque_fw-la on_o the_o 16_o of_o april_n anno_fw-la 1650._o and_o have_v pass_v sinagawa_n rokna_n cawasacca_n cammagawa_n fundaga_n and_o moska_n they_o espy_v the_o famous_a temple_n of_o ape_n the_o whole_a world_n show_v not_o the_o like_a if_o you_o look_v upon_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o building_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o celebrate_a rite_n it_o be_v notorious_o know_v that_o egypt_n be_v full_a of_o the_o like_a superstition_n and_o mad_a worship_n hold_v for_o their_o god_n which_o they_o hold_v in_o great_a adoration_n all_o sort_n of_o beast_n and_o monster_n all_o writer_n common_o affirm_v that_o their_o chief_a god_n be_v apis_n and_o osiris_n the_o one_o a_o live_a black_a ox_n with_o a_o white_a head_n broad_a back_n and_o shaggy_a hair_n which_o be_v to_o live_v no_o long_o than_o the_o set_a time_n limit_v by_o the_o egyptian_a law_n then_o a_o general_a fastday_n be_v order_v to_o be_v keep_v very_o strict_o on_o which_o the_o ox_n call_v serapis_n apis._n strange_a deal_n with_o the_o ox_n apis._n be_v drown_v in_o a_o consecrate_a lake_n on_o who_o death_n as_o be_v their_o god_n apis_n all_o egypt_n mourn_v both_o old_a and_o young_a lament_v with_o strike_v on_o their_o breast_n tear_v the_o hair_n off_o their_o head_n but_o when_o they_o find_v another_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n and_o shape_n the_o whole_a country_n rejoice_v thereat_o set_v he_o in_o the_o same_o place_n they_o general_o feast_v but_o this_o their_o dumb_a god_n can_v not_o answer_v as_o the_o delphic_a oracle_n nor_o the_o dodan_a oak_n nor_o jupiter_n ammon_n but_o by_o eat_v fodder_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n that_o be_v a_o good_a omen_n to_o the_o inquirer_n that_o proffer_a it_o but_o if_o he_o refuse_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o ill_a fortune_n for_o which_o cause_n when_o he_o refuse_v the_o food_n which_o caesar_n germanicus_n proffer_v he_o he_o after_o despair_v expect_v his_o utter_a ruin_n ox._n osiris_n what_o manner_n of_o ox._n but_o their_o osiris_n be_v a_o grey_a ox_n with_o a_o dog_n head_n hold_v in_o one_o foot_n a_o sceptre_n emblematical_o express_v his_o omnipotent_a power_n and_o godly_a authority_n the_o ancient_a egyptian_a king_n use_v to_o offer_v man_n and_o woman_n on_o the_o grave_a of_o osiris_n yet_o this_o cruel_a sacrifice_n in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v change_v offer_v only_o a_o red_a ox_n by_o reason_n it_o suit_v best_o with_o typhon_n colour_n which_o they_o say_v slay_v osiris_n of_o this_o also_o hear_v what_o pliny_n say_v in_o egypt_n a_o ox_n be_v worship_v for_o a_o god_n cab._n plin._n lib._n 8._o cab._n which_o they_o call_v apis_n who_o give_v response_n of_o good_a or_o bad_a fortune_n by_o take_v or_o refuse_v the_o food_n which_o the_o injure_v present_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n who_o take_v a_o dislike_n to_o that_o which_o germanicus_n proffer_v refuse_v will_v not_o eat_v who_o soon_o after_o unfortunate_o die_v this_o apis_n be_v continual_o keep_v private_a but_o when_o he_o appear_v public_o he_o be_v accompany_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o child_n sing_v elodium_n to_o his_o praise_n which_o he_o seem_v to_o understand_v and_o accept_v of_o strabo_n say_v thus_o in_o heliopolis_n stand_v a_o dedicate_v temple_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o ox_n mnevis_n 17._o strabo_n geog._n lib._n 17._o which_o be_v feed_v in_o a_o enclose_v corner_n and_o by_o the_o people_n worship_v as_o at_o memphis_n be_v their_o ox_n apis._n herodotus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o egyptian_n worship_v a_o cat_n euterp_v herodot_n in_o euterp_v which_o if_o she_o die_v in_o their_o house_n they_o salt_v and_o bury_v she_o in_o a_o stately_a manner_n carry_v she_o to_o bubastis_n to_o be_v inter_v there_o in_o the_o holy_a city_n the_o like_a cicero_n diodorus_n siculus_n plutarch_n and_o juvenal_n testify_v as_o to_o what_o clemens_n romanus_n or_o rather_o a_o unknown_a writer_n by_o his_o name_n retognit_fw-la clem._n rom._n l._n 5._o retognit_fw-la write_v concern_v the_o forementioned_a worship_n deserve_v peculiar_a observation_n some_o egyptian_n say_v he_o have_v learn_v that_o a_o ox_n call_v apis_n must_v be_v worship_v and_o adore_v other_o a_o goat_n other_o cat_n some_o a_o egyptian_a bird_n call_v iphis_n which_o feed_v on_o serpent_n other_o hold_v of_o a_o fish_n call_v ajun_v and_o many_o other_o such_o ridiculous_a creature_n that_o i_o be_o ashamed_a to_o name_n for_o a_o god_n clemens_n alexandrinus_n relate_v that_o the_o saitae_n and_o theban_n worship_v a_o sheep_n gent._n clem._n alex._n adm._n ad_fw-la gent._n and_o the_o lycopolitans_n a_o wolf_n that_o those_o of_o leopolis_n honour_v a_o lion_n as_o be_v the_o king_n of_o all_o four_o footed_a beast_n for_o which_o reason_n also_o the_o persian_n picture_n their_o god_n mithra_n which_o present_v the_o sun_n with_o a_o lion_n head_n plutarch_n tell_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o a_o lion_n be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o sun_n 5._o plut._n lib._n 4._o symp._n 4_o 5._o viz._n because_o lion_n among_o all_o beast_n with_o claw_n bear_v only_o one_o young_a one_o and_o that_o they_o be_v very_o watchful_a and_o sleep_v little_a and_o their_o eye_n shine_v be_v open_a when_o they_o sleep_v and_o at_o last_o because_o the_o leontines_n when_o the_o sun_n pass_v through_o the_o sign_n of_o leo_n find_v all_o their_o fountain_n and_o pit_n full_a of_o water_n strabo_n write_v of_o the_o mendesier_n 23._o stran._n go_v l._n 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father_n when_o he_o put_v off_o this_o body_n no_o soon_o come_v the_o youth_n within_o osacca_n but_o morindono_fw-it cause_v he_o secret_o to_o be_v behead_v and_o send_v the_o head_n to_o daifusama_n to_o obtain_v his_o favour_n but_o he_o abhor_v the_o deed_n and_o will_v have_v take_v vengeance_n on_o he_o for_o it_o have_v not_o morindono_fw-it be_v secret_o inform_v of_o his_o displeasure_n on_o which_o he_o report_v that_o the_o youth_n have_v first_o rip_v up_o his_o own_o belly_n for_o grief_n of_o his_o father_n death_n kindred_n daifusama_n spare_v many_o of_o his_o enemy_n as_o also_o their_o ally_n and_o kindred_n beside_o these_o three_o since_o daifusama_n conquest_n he_o scarce_o put_v any_o to_o death_n in_o cool_a blood_n but_o go_v on_o in_o a_o mild_a way_n that_o thereby_o he_o may_v draw_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n to_o he_o and_o settle_v the_o empire_n upon_o his_o son_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n tzunocamindono_n wife_n and_o 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require_v the_o next_o day_n the_o ambassador_n repair_v to_o the_o house_n of_o sadadonne_fw-it and_o present_v he_o with_o five_o ell_n of_o crimson_a cloth_n two_o piece_n of_o black_a lutestring_n one_o piece_n of_o black_a damask_n five_o piece_n of_o white_a satin_n three_o glass_n flask_n one_o carbine_n and_o a_o powder-horn_n these_o present_n be_v thankful_o accept_v though_o with_o intimation_n that_o it_o be_v against_o their_o custom_n but_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o he_o have_v see_v the_o netherlander_n rarity_n bring_v so_o unmeasurable_a a_o distance_n thither_o not_o without_o great_a labour_n and_o charge_n they_o shall_v be_v accept_v further_o he_o acquaint_v they_o that_o last_o night_n he_o have_v make_v know_v their_o come_n to_o the_o emperor_n son_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v well-pleased_a thereat_o sadadonne_fw-it the_o discourse_n between_o spex_n and_o sadadonne_fw-it this_o their_o discourse_n together_o continue_v above_o half_a a_o hour_n sadadonne_fw-it inquire_v of_o they_o concern_v the_o state_n and_o the_o

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ox_n which_o make_v the_o indian_n flock_n by_o thousand_o to_o the_o mountainous_a province_n of_o nakarecit_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o great_a mogul_n to_o offer_v to_o the_o cow_n matta_n stand_v in_o a_o costly_a temple_n on_o a_o far_o more_o rich_a and_o costly_a altar_n the_o floor_n and_o ceiling_n of_o the_o temple_n consist_v of_o golden_a plate_n fasten_v together_o the_o altar_n inlay_v with_o pearl_n and_o diamond_n but_o the_o sacrifice_n themselves_o above_o all_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v at_o for_o the_o indian_n cut_v off_o their_o tongue_n burn_v it_o before_o matta_n the_o roman_n and_o greek_n be_v much_o concern_v in_o the_o use_n of_o a_o ox._n on_o the_o hill_n aventinus_n in_o rome_n the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o diana_n be_v hang_v full_a of_o ox-horn_n those_o that_o be_v banish_v from_o athens_n to_o argiva_n be_v say_v to_o keep_v the_o ox_n because_o a_o great_a copper_n ox_n be_v erect_v there_o and_o worship_v the_o thracian_n and_o egyptian_n offer_v wine_n out_o of_o ox-horn_n when_o they_o promise_v marriage_n or_o make_v other_o obligation_n to_o one_o another_o the_o ancient_a roman_n have_v a_o long_a time_n no_o coin_v silver_n nor_o gold_n but_o make_v money_n of_o ox-hides_a they_o also_o make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o judge_n shall_v lay_v a_o great_a fine_n on_o any_o criminal_a than_o thirty_o ox_n every_o ox_n be_v reckon_v at_o four_o shilling_n prodig_n julius_n obsequen_n de_fw-fr prodig_n and_o how_o common_a be_v it_o among_o the_o latin_a writer_n to_o ascribe_v the_o language_n of_o a_o man_n to_o a_o ox_n for_o a_o ox_n speak_v in_o sicily_n when_o the_o roman_a general_n marcellus_n break_v up_o the_o siege_n before_o nola_n and_o rout_v hannibal_n in_o the_o height_n of_o his_o victory_n another_o ox_n make_v a_o noise_n in_o privernum_n when_o hannibal_n flee_v from_o marcellus_n the_o same_o be_v ascribe_v to_o this_o beast_n among_o the_o roman_n when_o scipio_n subdue_v the_o resist_a spaniard_n at_o formii_n a_o ox_n cry_v out_o o_o roman_n look_v to_o yourselves_o when_o antiochus_n come_v down_o with_o a_o mighty_a army_n in_o campania_n another_o ox_n speak_v whilst_o the_o roman_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o sardinia_n at_o other_o time_n the_o distinct_a language_n of_o a_o ox_n be_v a_o bad_a omen_n 25._o volater_n l._n 25._o for_o in_o frusimo_n a_o ox_n be_v hear_v to_o speak_v when_o the_o roman_a general_n cneius_n octavius_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o guardian_n of_o the_o young_a king_n antiochus_n and_o also_o another_o when_o the_o roman_n receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_n near_o numantia_n and_o another_o when_o the_o cimbrian_o march_v with_o victorious_a arm_n to_o italy_n about_o which_o speech_n a_o council_n be_v call_v that_o sit_v under_o the_o azure_a canopy_n of_o heaven_n in_o sinuessa_n cow_n bring_v forth_o horse_n which_o signify_v the_o destruction_n of_o posthumius_fw-la in_o france_n in_o rome_n a_o ox_n run_v up_o stair_n and_o leap_v down_o from_o the_o high_a story_n let_v they_o know_v by_o that_o that_o the_o roman_n shall_v be_v miserable_o beat_v by_o hannibal_n near_o the_o lake_n thrasimenes_n a_o ox_n also_o in_o essium_n breathe_v fire_n moreover_o the_o roman_a priest_n offer_v a_o white_a ox_n of_o five_o year_n old_a fetch_v from_o the_o menanian_a or_o felician_n field_n to_o jupiter_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o every_o month_n but_o the_o egyptian_n a_o red_a ox_n to_o typhon_n and_o pythagoras_n who_o else_o forbid_v the_o kill_n of_o beast_n because_o humane_a soul_n transmigrate_v into_o their_o body_n a_o grey_a ox_n to_o the_o nine_o muse_n death_n where_o ox_n may_v not_o be_v kill_v on_o pain_n of_o death_n the_o greek_a lawgiver_n solon_n forbid_v very_o strict_o the_o kill_n of_o a_o ox_n either_o for_o sacrifice_n or_o otherwise_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n who_o account_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o man_n to_o be_v a_o less_o sin_n than_o kill_v of_o a_o ox_n wherefore_o prometheus_n undergo_v great_a reproach_n because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o cut_v a_o ox_n throat_n and_o homer_n the_o greek_a poet_n say_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v exceed_o enrage_v against_o the_o mariner_n of_o ulysses_n that_o do_v not_o scruple_n to_o eat_v ox-flesh_n at_o chusa_n a_o egyptian_a city_n venus_n be_v former_o worship_v with_o ox-horn_n on_o she_o head_n columella_n relate_v that_o the_o ancient_a latin_n condemn_v he_o to_o die_v that_o have_v kill_v a_o ox._n indian_n ox_n high_o esteem_v by_o the_o indian_n and_o what_o the_o opinion_n be_v of_o the_o ox_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o cormandel_n malabare_n calicut_n gusaratte_n and_o in_o other_o indian_a territory_n abraham_n rogerius_n relate_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o brachman_n padmanaba_n these_o be_v his_o word_n that_o as_o among_o all_o beast_n the_o cow_n among_o all_o fowl_n the_o bird_n garronda_n which_o be_v a_o red_a sparrow_n with_o a_o white_a ring_n about_o the_o neck_n among_o all_o tree_n the_o ranasettou_n so_o among_o all_o man_n the_o generation_n of_o brahmin_n be_v most_o acceptable_a to_o god_n moreover_o padmanaba_n relate_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o cormandel_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o tribe_n or_o family_n namely_o the_o brahmin_n settrea_n out_o of_o which_o the_o king_n be_v choose_v weinsja_n divide_v in_o comytis_n and_o sitti-weapari_a and_o last_o the_o soudra_n the_o settrea_n and_o soudra_n eat_v fish_n and_o flesh_n that_o of_o ox_n only_o except_v but_o the_o brahmin_n and_o weinsja_n eat_v no_o food_n that_o ever_o have_v live_v according_a to_o the_o commandment_n in_o their_o vedam_n for_o so_o those_o heathen_n call_v their_o law-book_n oxen._n why_o those_o soul_n be_v the_o happy_a that_o assume_v the_o body_n of_o oxen._n these_o four_o tribe_n hold_v the_o pythagorean_n transmigration_n make_v the_o soul_n wander_v into_o other_o body_n and_o esteem_v that_o soul_n the_o most_o happy_a that_o enter_v into_o a_o cow_n for_o which_o they_o give_v this_o reason_n eswara_n who_o next_o to_o wistnow_v be_v their_o prime_n and_o chief_a deity_n have_v a_o consort_n call_v parvatia_n by_o which_o he_o beget_v five_o son_n viz._n viegneswara_n vierrepadra_fw-mi beirewa_n chief_a judge_n over_o man_n who_o after_o death_n change_v the_o wicked_a into_o evil_a serpent_n comara_n swami_n and_o nandi_fw-la which_o be_v also_o call_v baswa_n and_o basanna_n handi_fw-la be_v a_o ox_n and_o wahanan_n that_o be_v a_o bearer_n whereon_o eswara_n be_v carry_v perform_v the_o inter_v of_o ox_n very_o sumptuous_o perform_v rogerus_fw-la witness_v that_o he_o have_v see_v a_o dead_a ox_n to_o have_v have_v a_o more_o stately_a funeral_n than_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n sound_v of_o trumpet_n be_v usual_a where_o any_o one_o die_v cover_v the_o ox_n and_o offer_v frankincense_n before_o he_o in_o like_a

be_v unmerciful_a they_o wonder_v at_o those_o christian_n that_o preserve_v any_o from_o perish_v in_o want_n they_o never_o disclose_v their_o trouble_n they_o break_v not_o easy_o out_o in_o a_o rage_n but_o be_v once_o anger_v will_v never_o be_v reconcile_v none_o can_v just_o accuse_v they_o for_o deceit_n for_o if_o any_o one_o chance_v to_o give_v more_o than_o be_v their_o due_n to_o have_v they_o will_v restore_v it_o again_o to_o the_o donor_n their_o excellent_a art_n may_v appear_v by_o their_o coat_n wax'd-chest_n and_o cabinet_n woman_n marry_v man_n much_o more_o privilege_n than_o the_o woman_n ¶_o the_o marry'd-man_n have_v much_o more_o liberty_n than_o the_o woman_n for_o a_o man_n may_v without_o the_o least_o regret_n be_v common_a with_o a_o whore_n and_o can_v send_v his_o wife_n upon_o any_o offence_n home_o to_o her_o friend_n but_o this_o kind_n of_o divorce_v their_o wife_n be_v only_o customary_a among_o the_o common-people_n for_o when_o a_o nobleman_n begin_v to_o have_v a_o antipathy_n against_o his_o wife_n he_o put_v she_o not_o away_o because_o of_o her_o quality_n but_o provide_v she_o in_o his_o house_n with_o all_o necessary_n and_o delight_n himself_o with_o those_o which_o he_o fancy_v best_o but_o the_o woman_n be_v thus_o keep_v in_o awe_n do_v all_o thing_n possible_a to_o please_v they_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o that_o for_o a_o small_a offence_n and_o mere_a trifle_n viz._n but_o speak_v with_o any_o other_o man_n in_o private_a they_o be_v by_o their_o law_n to_o suffer_v death_n from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o marry_v woman_n here_o be_v general_o very_o honest_a and_o chaste_a woman_n a_o strange_a passage_n that_o happen_v in_o firando_n about_o a_o chaste_a woman_n ¶_o a_o passage_n which_o happen_v in_o firando_n anno_fw-la 1646._o on_o august_n 15._o may_v witness_v the_o same_o jacatai_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n have_v contract_v marriage_n with_o a_o young_a lady_n and_o soon_o after_o the_o wedding_n have_v some_o occasion_n go_v to_o meaco_n a_o nobleman_n have_v former_o be_v deny_v in_o his_o courtship_n to_o the_o young_a marry_v woman_n under_o a_o pretence_n that_o he_o will_v never_o marry_v observe_v this_o opportunity_n come_v with_o a_o considerable_a train_n of_o servant_n to_o his_o late_a mistress_n and_o force_v she_o to_o satisfy_v his_o lust_n she_o thus_o injure_v resolve_v on_o revenge_n desire_v he_o to_o stay_v with_o she_o give_v he_o also_o hope_v of_o more_o such_o enjoyment_n as_o he_o have_v late_o have_v in_o the_o interim_n jacatai_n return_v home_o for_o who_o welcome_a they_o prepare_v a_o noble_a feast_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o house_n she_o have_v also_o order_v that_o her_o gallant_n friend_n and_o he_o shall_v be_v invite_v thither_o where_o whilst_o they_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o mirth_n jacatai_n wife_n stand_v up_o relate_v that_o there_o be_v a_o woman_n in_o saccai_n that_o have_v be_v late_o ravish_v ask_v what_o 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