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A28438 Janua scientiarum, or, A compendious introduction to geography, chronology, government, history, phylosophy, and all genteel sorts of literature by Charles Blount ... Blount, Charles, 1654-1693. 1684 (1684) Wing B3306; ESTC R2203 36,273 146

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Livy and Salust Yet nevertheless Justin is accused of some Digressions as in the beginning of his second Book where the Scythians and Egyptians have a long tedious debate in preference of each others Antiquity And likewise in the twentieth Book concerning the Birth Travels Virtue and Death of Pythagoras Again Pererius in his Comment upon Daniel hath convinc'd Justin of many errours concerning the Jews And Vopiscus accuses him of Falsity But that wherein he seems most of all inexcusable is his false Chronology which is wholly attributed to the Abbreviator Qu. What account have you of Ammianus Marcellinus Ans Ammianus Marcellinus a Graecian and Citizen of Antioch flourished chiefly under the Emperours Gratian and Valentinian holding in his youth divers considerable Offices of the Militia particularly one of the Guard du Corps besides many other eminent Employs in all which he acquitted himself with much Honour He wrote an History which extends from the beginning of Nerva to the death of Valens in one and thirty Books whereof the first thirteen being lost the other eighteen only remain and those too full of Imperfection As well his Military Profession as Greek Birth do both contribute to the Roughness of his Stile and for the same Reasons ought to be pardon'd No other Historian so well informs us of the Antiquities and Originals of the Gauls Germans and Burgundians as he doth neither hath any Heathen Author written less reflectingly on the Christians notwithstanding the excessive Praises he attributes to Julian which were but his due in respect of Moral Virtues For which reason as well as for his sincerity and presenting us with things no where else to be met with he is duly esteem'd of by all Learned men Yet nevertheless some just exceptions may be taken against him when instead of an Historian he plays the Philosopher and runs away from his Subject As in the seventh Book where he quits Julian at Paris to Speculate the nature of Earth-quakes Also in the beginning of his twentieth Book where leaving Constantius to prepare against the Persians he falls enquiring into the nature of Eclipse and presents his Reader with a Lecture of Astronomy instead of History And again in his thirtieth Book where he leaves Valentinian at Tryers whilst he presents you with an Invective against Lawyers Also Marcellinus is by Causine accused of his too many Poetical Descriptions throughout the whole Body of his Writings But notwithstanding all these Censures he is allow'd of by Vossius To be a Grave and Serious Writer worthy to be beloved by all men LIB VI. OF GOVERNMENT AND SUCCESSION Qu. WHich are the three principal forms of Government Ans First Monarchy which is the Government of one single man alone as is used in England France and Spain Or secondly an Aristocracy where the people are governed by a select number of Noblemen or Grandees as heretofore the States of Venice and Genoa Or thirdly Democracy which is a Republick or Commonwealth wherein the People are govern'd only by such Magistrates as they choose among themselves as 't is at this time in Holland Qu. What are the Extreams or Abuses of these three sorts of Government Ans When a Monarchy runs into Tyranny Aristocracy into Oligarchy or Democracy into Anarchy and Confusion Qu. How many sorts of Monarchy are there Ans Two the one Hereditary as in England or France and the other Elective as in Poland Qu. How hath England been Anciently govern'd Ans England was first under the Britains secondly Tributary to the Romans thirdly under the Saxons fourthly under the Danes and fifthly under the Normans whose Conquest of this Island by William Duke Normandy is the chief Period of time from whence our Chronologers reckon Qu. Name me the Succession of our English Monarchs from the Conquest together with their several Races Ans First of the Norman Race were William the Conquerour William Rufus Henry the first and King Stephen Secondly of the Race of Plantagenets were Henry the second Richard the first King John Henry the third Edward the first Edward the second Edward the third and Richard the second Thirdly Plantagenets of the House of Lancaster were Henry the fourth Henry the fifth and Henry the sixth Fourthly Plantagenets of the House of York were Edward the fourth Edward the fifth and Richard the third Fifthly of the Race of Tudors were Henry the seventh Henry the eighth Edward the sixth Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth Sixthly and lastly of the Race of Stuarts were King James King Charles the Martyr and Charles the Second our present King whom God preserve Qu. How many years is it since William Duke of Normandy Conquer'd England or when began he to Reign Ans William the Conquerour having defeated Harold in that famous Battle at Hastings in Sussex began his Reign Anno Domini one thousand sixty six which is about six hundred and seventeen years ago Qu. When did the Division betwixt the two Houses of York and Lancaster first begin Ans It began upon the death of Richard the second In which Kings reign was that Insurrection of Watt Taylor and Jack Straw whom the Mayor of London so Loyally defeated Qu. How ended the Quarrel betwixt these two Houses Ans By the Marriage of Henry the seventh to Elizabeth the Eldest Daughter of Edward the Fourth which Match united the Kings Red-Rose of Lancaster with the Queens White-Rose of York and so established the Peace of both Houses Qu. From whence sprang the Title of King James and the Stuarts to the Crown of England Ans By the Marriage of the Lady Margaret King Henry the seventh's Eldest Daughter to James the Fourth King of Scotland whose Son James the fifth had Issue one only Daughter which was Mary Queen of Scots the Mother of our English Monarch King James the sixth of that Name in Scotland and the first in England For Henry the sevenths Issue Male being expired by the Death of Queen Elizabeth the only Relict of Henry the eighth the next Succession fell upon his Issue Female the aforesaid Lady Margaret Qu. Which are the chief Writers of our English Chronicles Ans Matthew Paris Matthew Westminster Jeffry of Monmouth Martin Polydor Virgil Holinshead Speed Stow and Baker besides the Writers of particular Lives such as Daniel Heywood Bacon's Henry the seventh Herbert's Henry the eighth and Cambden's Queen Elizabeth the best in their kind Qu. What Races have succeeded to the Crown of France Ans There have been three Races of Kings in France The first of Pharamond A. Ch. 419. the second of Pepin A. C. 751. And the third of Hugh Capet A. C. 988. Qu. What Races of Kings have succeeded to the Crown of Spain Ans Since the Expulsion of the Romans the Spaniards have had four Races of Kings the first from the Goths the second after the Invasion of the Moors from Don Pelago the third from Don Sancho Mayor King of Navarre and the fourth from the House of Austria by the Marriage
time this Planet is diametrically opposite to the Sun Qu. What is an Epocha Ans It is some remarkable point of time from the which Chronologers begin to reckon in reference to the changes of their own Nation Thus the Jews reckoned from their departure out of Aegypt the Grecians from their Olympiads instituted by Iphitus The Romans from the building of their City the Christians from the Birth of Christ and the Turks from their Hegira or flight of Mahomet Qu. What is a Lustre and an Olympiad Ans A Lustre among the Romans and Olympiad among the Grecians signified the space of five years because the Games so called were celebrated every fifth year Qu. How do Sacred Chronilogers begin to reckon Ans First from the Creation to Noah's Flood 1657 years 2dly From the Flood to the calling of Abraham 367 years 3dly From the calling of Abraham to the departure of the Israelites out of Aegypt 430 years 4ly From the Aegyptians Exodus to Solomon's building of the first Temple 480 years 5ly From the building of the first Temple to the erection of the second by Zorobabel 497 years 6ly From the building the second by Zorobabel to the Birth of our Saviour Christ 529 years 7ly and lastly From the Birth of our Saviour to these present times 1683 years Qu. How do Prophane Chronologers begin to reckon Ans First From Nimrod to Cyrus the Great 1646 years 2dly From Cyrus to Alexander the Great 228 years 3dly From Alexander to Julius Caesar 300 years 4ly From Caesar to Constantine the Great 355 years 5ly From Constantine to Charles the Great 455 years 6ly From Charles the Great to Radulphus of Auspurgh 472 years 7ly and lastly From Radulphus to these present times 400 years Qu. Which are the best Authors for Chronology Ans Helvicus Calvisius Bucholcer Funccius Petavius Vsher and Alstedius LIB III. OF HISTORY Of the Assyrian MONARCHY Qu. WHat is History Ans A Record of past actions either Sacred or Civil Qu. Which are the four chief and most ancient Monarchies of the World Ans The Assyrian the Persian the Grecian and the Roman Qu. Vnder what Kings did the Assyrian Monarchy begin flourish and expire Ans It began under Nimrod and flourish'd till Sardanapalus by whose Lust it was divided and almost destroy'd Qu. At what time was the Assyrian Monarchy founded and how long did it last Ans It was founded about seventeen hundred years after the Creation and lasted sixteen hundred forty six years longer Qu. Tell me the Names of the Assyrian Kings in order Ans Nimrod Belus Ninus or Ashur Semiramis Ninias Arius and others unknown till we come to Sardanapalus by whose Luxury Monarchy became divided between two Rebels Arbaces and Belesus and so continued to them and their Heirs till Cyrus's time who began the second Monarchy called the Persian Qu. How came Cyrus to begin the second Monarchy Ans One part of the Empire falling to him by succession from his Grandfather Astygas one of Arbaces's Successors he soon conquered Belshazzer who was Belesus's Successor and so joyning both parts of the Empire together began a new Monarchy in Persia his Native-Countrey Qu. Wat Authors treat of this Assyrian Monarchy Ans The holy Scriptures Josephus Diodorus Siculus Justin Eusebius Matthaeus Vsher Raleigh Hoel and Viginier besides the ancient Ctesias Berosus and Megastenes whereof only some few fragments remain Of the Second OR PERSIAN MONARCHY Qu. WHy was this second Monarchy called the Monarchy of the Medes and Persians Ans Because the Empire did chiefly consist of those two Kingdoms Qu. Vnder what Kings did this Persian Monarchy begin flourish and expire Ans It began under Cyrus whose Race ended in his Son Cambyses after whom Darius Hystaspes having defeated the Magi and won the Empire from his Competitors by the neighing of his Horse it still flourished till Darius Codomanus in whom it ended Qu. How long did this second or Persian Monarchy last Ans It lasted 228 years and was enjoyed only by two Families that of Cyrus and that of Darius Hystaspes Qu. Tell me the Names of the Persian Kings in order Answ Cyrus the Great Cambyses Darius Hystaspes Xerxes Artaxerxes Longimanus Darius Nothus Artaxerxes Mnemon Artaxerxes Ochus Arsames and lastly Dar. Codomanus Qu. What Authors write chiefly of this second Monarchy Ans Herodotus Thucydides Xenophon Plutarch Diodorus Justin and Orosius Of the Third OR GRECIAN MONARCHY Qu. WHy was this Third Monarchy call'd the Grecian or Macedonian Monarchy Ans It was so called from its first Founder Alexander the Son of King Philip of Macedon a Grecian born Qu. When was it that Alexander began to reign Ans 329 years before the Birth of Christ and in 12 years space conquer'd most part of the Universe and is therefore called the Great Qu. How long did the Grecian Monarchy flourish Ans It flourish'd no longer than Alexander's Life for he dying without Sons bequeath'd the Empire to the Worthiest which caused great division amongst the Nobility till at length they divided it into four parts And so it lasted till they were all conquer'd by the Romans who began the Fourth and last Monarchy under the Conduct of Julius Caesar Qu. Which were the Four parts of this Grecian Monarchy after its division Ans The Kingdoms of Macedon Asia minor Syria and Aegypt all which were in the space of 300 years reduced to the Roman Yoak Qu. What Kings succeeded in Macedon after Alexander Ans The first was Alexander's Brother Arideus after whom succeeded fifteen Kings more whereof the last was Perseus who was overcome by Paulus Aemylius the Roman Consul Qu. What Kings succeeded in Asia minor after Alexander Ans But Two whereof the first was Antigonus King Philip of Macedon's Bastard and the second was Demetrius Poliorcetes who being put to flight by his Son-in-law Seleucus Nicanor after that Asia minor was joyn'd to the Kingdom of Syria Qu. What Kings succeeded in Syria after Alexander Ans The first was Seleucus Nicanor after whom succeeded 19 King whereof the last was Tigranes who being subdued by Pompey Syria became a Province to the Romans Qu. Now lastly What Kings succeeded Alexander in Aegypt Ans The first was Ptolomaeus Lagus another of King Philip's Bastards after whom succeeded 12 Princes more till by the death of the famous Cleopatra Aegypt was reduced into a Roman Province And thus Rome having swallowed up the four divisions of the Grecian Monarchy began another which was called the Fourth or Roman Qu. Which are the best ancient Authors that treat of this Grecian Monarchy Ans First Arrianus and Quintus Curtius that write of Alexander himself and secondly Plutarch Justin Polybius and Diodorus that treat concerning his Successors Of the Fourth OR ROMAN MONARCHY Qu. WHen was Rome first founded and by whom Ans Rome was first built 753 years before Christ by the two Brothers Romulus and Rhemus Qu. How hath Rome been anciently govern'd Ans Rome was first govern'd successively by Kings then by annual