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and_o go_v against_o sir_n rhy_n who_o army_n he_o quick_o disperse_v and_o overthrow_v his_o castle_n of_o drefolan_n but_o not_o without_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o of_o his_o chief_a men._n for_o as_o they_o besiege_v and_o undermine_v the_o say_a castle_n the_o wall_n unexpected_o fall_v down_o by_o which_o unlucky_a accident_n several_a of_o the_o english_a be_v oppress_v and_o bruise_v to_o death_n among_o who_o be_v the_o lord_n strafford_n and_o the_o lord_n william_n de_fw-fr monchency_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o robert_z tiptost_a lord_n deputy_n of_o wales_n raise_v a_o very_a powerful_a army_n against_o sir_n rhys_n and_o after_o a_o slaughter_n of_o 4000_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v he_o prisoner_n who_o the_o michaelmas_n follow_v at_o the_o king_n be_v go_v to_o scotland_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v at_o york_n a.d._n 1293_o but_o the_o death_n of_o sir_n rhys_n do_v not_o put_v a_o final_a period_n to_o all_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a for_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o there_o happen_v a_o new_a occasion_n for_o the_o welsh_a to_o murmur_v against_o and_o upbraid_v the_o government_n of_o the_o english_a over_o they_o king_n edward_n be_v now_o in_o actual_a enmity_n and_o war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o which_o he_o want_v a_o liberal_a subsidy_n and_o supply_n from_o his_o subject_n this_o tax_n be_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o passion_n and_o reluctancy_n levy_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n the_o welsh_a being_n never_o acquaint_v with_o such_o large_a contribution_n before_o a.d._n 1294_o violent_o storm_v and_o exclaim_v against_o it_o but_o not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o villify_a the_o king_n command_n they_o take_v their_o own_o captain_n roger_n de_fw-fr puelesdon_n who_o be_v appoint_v collector_n of_o the_o say_a subsidy_n and_o hang_v he_o up_o together_o with_o divers_z other_o who_o abet_v the_o collect_v of_o the_o tax_n then_o west-wales_n man_n choose_v maelgon_n fychan_n for_o their_o captain_n and_o so_o enter_v into_o caermardhyn_n and_o pembroke-shire_n they_o cruel_o harass_v all_o the_o land_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a and_o then_o return_v lade_v with_o considerable_a booty_n the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n and_o they_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n choose_v one_o morgan_n for_o their_o leader_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o they_o force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o morgan_n be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o those_o land_n which_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o morgan_n forefather_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o north-wales_n man_n set_v up_o one_o madoc_n relate_v to_o the_o last_o lhewelyn_n slay_v at_o buelht_n who_o have_v draw_v together_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n come_v to_o caernarvon_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o english_a who_o in_o great_a multitude_n have_v then_o resort_v thither_o to_o a_o fair_a slay_v a_o great_a many_o and_o afterward_o spoil_v and_o ransack_v the_o whole_a town_n king_n edward_n be_v acquaint_v with_o these_o different_a insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n in_o wales_n and_o desirous_a to_o quell_v the_o pride_n and_o stubborness_n of_o the_o welsh_a but_o most_o of_o all_o to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o great_a favourite_n roger_n de_fw-fr pulesdon_n recall_v his_o brother_n edmund_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n and_o henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n and_o lord_n of_o denbigh_n who_o with_o a_o considerable_a army_n be_v ready_a to_o embark_v for_o gascoign_n and_o countermand_v they_o into_o wales_n be_v arrive_v there_o they_o pass_v quiet_o forward_a till_o they_o come_v to_o denbigh_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o draw_v near_o unto_o the_o castle_n upon_o st._n martin_n day_n the_o welsh_a
leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n 217._o owen_n glendwr_n his_o family_n education_n and_o employment_n 315._o oppose_v by_o the_o lord_n ruthyn_n without_o redress_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v he_o prisoner_n 316._o prevail_v take_v the_o earl_n of_o march_n prisoner_n 317._o retake_v aberystwyth_n castle_n 319._o summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o machynlleth_n 320._o secure_v david_n gam_n upon_o a_o suspicion_n of_o a_o design_n he_o have_v to_o murder_v he_o 321._o burn_v his_o house_n and_o his_o verse_n upon_o it_o ibid._n p._n patent_n of_o land_n grant_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n 302._o commons_o address_v upon_o it_o 303._o king_n answer_v 304._o peckham_n john_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n llewelyn_n and_o his_o brother_n with_o the_o king_n 286._o his_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n 287_o 288_o 289_o 290._o solicit_v the_o king_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o welsh_a 291._o send_v article_n to_o the_o welsh_a 292._o excommunicate_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o adherent_n 297._o peace_n in_o general_n between_o england_n and_o wales_n except_o with_o prince_n rhys_n who_o be_v force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n 176._o unjust_o deal_v with_o 177._o powis_n prince_n of_o removes_z his_o seat_n from_o pengwern_n to_o mathraval_n 20._o a_o account_n of_o it_o while_o a_o principality_n and_o a_o lordship_n with_o the_o several_a division_n and_o possessor_n thereof_o whether_o of_o british_a or_o english_a blood_n 175_o to_o 185._o r._n rebellion_n in_o the_o north_n cause_v by_o earl_n tosty_n insolence_n 97._o appease_v 98._o rhydderch_n seize_v upon_o south-wales_n 82._o rhydderch_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o south-wales_n 88_o rhys_n brother_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n take_v by_o the_o english_a and_o put_v to_o death_n at_o bulendun_v 91._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n joint_o govern_v south-wales_n 105._o the_o latter_a die_v 106._o a_o rebellion_n against_o the_o other_o ibid._n invade_v also_o from_o north-wales_n fly_n pursued_z and_o slay_v 187._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n allow_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n as_o lawful_a heir_n 107._o a_o rebellion_n form_v against_o he_o fly_v into_o ireland_n return_n and_o defeat_v his_o enemy_n 110._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 111._o slay_a near_o brecknock_n in_o a_o fight_n against_o the_o invade_a norman_n and_o his_o own_o rebellious_a subject_n 112._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n of_o south-wales_n take_v llanymddyfri_n castle_n 177._o subdue_v cardigan_n 178._o give_v henry_n ii_o hostage_n to_o observe_v the_o peace_n make_v between_o they_o ib._n besieges_n carmarthen_n then_o force_v to_o quit_v it_o 179._o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a land_n belong_v to_o foreigner_n in_o wales_n as_o do_v other_o according_o to_o his_o example_n 189._o take_v aberteifi_n castle_n and_o raze_v it_o 191._o subdue_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n 197._o bring_v the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n at_o enmity_n with_o k._n henry_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n 203._o make_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o christmas_n at_o aberteifi_n where_o the_o bard_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n strive_v for_o the_o mastery_n 205_o 206._o take_v advantage_n upon_o king_n henry_n death_n to_o enlarge_v his_o country_n 209._o his_o family_n diminish_v 210._o make_a prisoner_n by_o his_o own_o son_n 211._o escape_n 212._o take_v two_o of_o his_o son_n prisoner_n 214._o enlarges_n his_o conquest_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a and_o norman_n 214_o 215._o dies_z his_o character_n and_o issue_n 216._o rhys_n fychan_n take_v lhanymdhysri_n castle_n 227._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 239._o do_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 145._o dies_fw-la 147._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n unfaithful_a to_o his_o country_n 304._o knight_v by_o king_n edward_n revolt_v â05_n defeat_v take_v prisoner_n and_o execute_v 306._o rhythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 122._o richard_n king_n of_o england_n feast_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n 210._o take_a prisoner_n in_o austria_n ibid._n died_n of_o his_o wound_n receive_v at_o chalons_n in_o france_n 219._o richard_z of_o bourdeaux_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 315._o robert_n cyrthois_n rebel_v against_o his_o father_n in_o normandy_n 110._o robert_n earl_n of_o salop_n rebel_n against_o henry_n i._n 122._o engage_v the_o welsh_a in_o the_o quarrel_n 123._o seek_v aid_n of_o magnus_n harold_n son_n and_o fail_v banish_v with_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n into_o normandy_n 124._o robert_n de_fw-fr belissimo_fw-la a_o great_a disturber_n of_o the_o welsh_a commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n by_o king_n henry_n 139._o roderic_n molwynoc_n succeed_v ifor_n anno_fw-la 720.15_o drive_a by_o the_o saxon_n out_o of_o the_o western_a country_n to_o his_o inheritance_n in_o north-wales_n 17._o dye_v soon_o after_o 18._o roderic_n the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 27._o beat_v the_o dane_n out_o of_o his_o country_n â3_n fight_v the_o english_a anâ_n with_o his_o brother_n gwyriad_n it_o slain_n 34._o his_o pedigree_n and_o division_n of_o wales_n between_o iâââ_n three_o son_n ibid._n his_o imprudence_n herein_o 36._o s._n saxons_n their_o answer_n to_o the_o british_a message_n 5._o they_o first_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n 6._o enter_v into_o league_n with_o the_o scot_n ib._n they_o encroach_v upon_o the_o britain_n 19â_n scot_n and_o pict_n invade_v britain_n 1_o sâward_o earl_n his_o say_v upon_o his_o son_n be_v slay_v in_o battle_n 19_o his_o soldierly_a temper_n at_o his_o âearâ_n 92._o south_n wales_n invade_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n by_o jeâaf_n and_o ãâã_d prince_n of_o north-wales_n â5_n they_o quarre_n and_o ãâã_d consequence_n of_o it_o 57_o embroiled_a ãâã_d between_o rhyâ_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n and_o the_o former_a support_v by_o the_o english_a 235_o 236._o stephen_n king_n of_o england_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n of_o scotâ_n 157._o ravages_n scotland_n 160._o suppress_v injury_n ââons_n at_o home_o and_o âouâs_v the_o scot_n by_o his_o lieutenant_n 161._o besieges_n arundel_n castle_n in_o vain_a 162._o take_v lincoln_n be_v defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n ibid._n exchange_v for_o earl_n robert_n and_o overthrow_v a_o second_o time_n at_o wilton_n 163._o win_v the_o battle_n of_o farendon_n agree_v with_o henry_n the_o empress_n son_n and_o die_v 172._o steward_n the_o family_n and_o their_o original_a 91_o 92._o sulien_n archb_n shop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 111._o sulien_n a_o learned_a man_n of_o llanbadarn_n die_v 165._o swain_n the_o dane_n waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man._n land_n in_o north-wales_n 68_o kill_v edwal_n prince_n of_o the_o country_n ib._n his_o success_n in_o england_n and_o esteem_v king_n hereof_o 74_o 75._o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n invade_v england_n and_o take_v york_n 102._o force_v to_o fly_v ibid._n t._n trahern_n fychan_n strange_o hang_v 217._o trahern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n make_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 105._o his_o country_n invade_v from_o ireland_n by_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n the_o right_a heir_n ibid._n they_o fight_v and_o trahern_n with_o his_o cousin_n worsted_n and_o all_o slay_v 108._o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 48._o tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n his_o family_n will_v be_v sââ_n ãâã_d knight_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o to_o king_n edward_n iii_o who_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o 314._o v._o vortigern_n invite_v the_o saxon_n into_o britain_n 5._o vortimer_n repel_v the_o saxon_n 7._o w._n wales_n waste_v by_o the_o merciââs_v 24._o by_o king_n egbert_n ibid._n divide_v into_o three_o province_n 27._o invade_v by_o the_o english_a 52._o forcible_o manage_v by_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n only_o 56._o afflict_a by_o the_o dane_n and_o a_o murrain_n 65._o give_v hostage_n to_o pay_v the_o ancient_a tribute_n 95._o seldom_o govern_v by_o the_o right_a heir_n 109._o waste_v by_o the_o english_a as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n 121._o embroil_a with_o civil_a division_n 151._o item_n 153_o 154._o in_o great_a scarcity_n 276._o annnext_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 300._o walwey_n king_n arthur_n nephew_n his_o tomb_n find_v who_o body_n be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a length_n 110._o welsh_a quarrel_n among_o themselves_o 22._o ibid._n 23._o they_o defeat_v the_o mercian_n at_o conwey_n and_o call_v it_o dial_n rhodri_n 38._o disable_v the_o dane_n and_o english_a that_o invade_v they_o then_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o 61._o too_o late_o see_v the_o folly_n of_o foreign_a aid_n 114._o miserable_o slaughter_v 130_o 131._o be_v at_o peace_n from_o abroad_o they_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o destroy_v one_o another_o 208._o complain_v to_o their_o prince_n of_o their_o oppression_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o beat_v by_o the_o english_a 279._o worst_a the_o english_a 297_o 298._o beat_v in_o buelht_n ibid._n revolt_v because_o of_o a_o heavy_a tax_n from_o edward_n i._n every_o where_o 306._o beat_v the_o english_a 307._o take_v the_o king_n carriage_n ibid._n rout_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n 308._o beat_v the_o marcher_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overcome_v and_o their_o leader_n madoc_n make_v prisoner_n 309._o welsh_a minstrel_n reform_v whereof_o be_v three_o sort_n 159._o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n 98._o land_n at_o hastings_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a 100_o william_n i._o go_v with_o a_o army_n on_o pilgrimage_n to_o s._n david_n 100_o william_n rufus_n invade_v the_o welsh_a without_o success_n 118._o item_n 120._o kill_v 122._o finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o and_o sell_v by_o robert_n clauâââ_n the_o plausible_a argument_n of_o a_o roman_n catholic_n answer_v by_o a_o english_a protestant_n in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n price_n 4_o d._n the_o church-history_n clear_v from_o the_o roman_a forgery_n and_o corruption_n find_v in_o the_o council_n and_o baronius_n in_o four_o part_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o christianity_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o general_n council_n by_o thomas_n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o a_o historical_a vindication_n of_o the_o diviââ_n ãâã_d of_o tithe_n from_o scripture_n reasoâ_n ãâã_d opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o jew_n goââ_n ãâã_d christian_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o discourse_n concern_v excommunication_n by_o tho._n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o
natural_a fortification_n the_o welsh_a still_o make_v inroad_n into_o their_o territory_n and_o seldom_o return_v without_o some_o considerable_a booty_n and_o advantage_n the_o saxon_n be_v hearty_o nettle_v at_o these_o bo-peeping_a ravager_n and_o will_v compliment_v they_o still_o to_o their_o holes_n but_o dare_v not_o pursue_v they_o further_o for_o fear_v they_o shall_v be_v entrap_v by_o such_o as_o defend_v the_o strait_n and_o passage_n into_o the_o rock_n king_n offa_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v effect_v nothing_o by_o these_o measure_n annex_v the_o country_n about_o severn_n and_o wye_n to_o his_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n and_o plant_v the_o same_o with_o saxon_n and_o for_o a_o far_a security_n against_o the_o endless_a invasion_n of_o the_o welsh_a he_o make_v a_o deep_a ditch_n extend_v from_o one_o sea_n to_o the_o other_o call_v clawdâ_n offa_n or_o offa_n dike_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o royal_a seat_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n be_v translate_v from_o pengwern_n now_o shrewsbury_n to_o mathraval_n in_o montgâmeryshire_n a.d._n 795_o while_n these_o thing_n be_v transact_v in_o the_o west_n the_o dane_n begin_v to_o grow_v powerful_a at_o sea_n and_o dare_v venture_v to_o land_n in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n but_o without_o do_v any_o great_a hurt_n be_v force_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o ship_n again_o within_o six_o year_n after_o they_o land_v again_o in_o great_a number_n and_o prove_v much_o more_o terrible_a they_o ravage_v and_o destroy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o linsey_n and_o northumberland_n overran_a the_o best_a part_n of_o ireland_n and_o miserable_o waste_v rechreyn_n at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o considerable_a battle_n be_v fight_v at_o ruthlan_n between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o welsh_a wherein_o caradoc_n king_n of_o north_n wales_n be_v kill_v the_o government_n of_o wales_n be_v as_o yet_o green_a and_o not_o firm_o root_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o perpetual_a quarrel_n and_o disturbance_n between_o the_o welsh_a and_o the_o saxon_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a person_n or_o lord_n of_o any_o country_n assume_v to_o himself_o the_o title_n of_o king_n caradoc_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n in_o north_n wales_n and_o one_o that_o do_v very_o much_o contribute_v towards_o the_o security_n of_o the_o country_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o saxon_n he_o be_v son_n to_o gwyn_n the_o son_n of_o colhoyn_n the_o son_n of_o ednowen_a son_n to_o blethyn_n the_o son_n of_o blecius_fw-la or_o bledericus_n prince_n of_o cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v he_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n egfert_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n leave_v his_o kingdom_n also_o to_o kenulphus_n a_o year_n after_o that_o egbertus_fw-la be_v create_v king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n about_o the_o same_o time_n die_v arthen_a son_n to_o sitsylht_n the_o son_n of_o clydawc_n king_n of_o cardigan_n and_o sometime_o 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considerable_a loss_n by_o thunder_n which_o very_o much_o spoil_v and_o annoy_v the_o country_n and_o lay_v several_a house_n and_o town_n in_o ash_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gruffith_n the_o son_n of_o run_v a_o person_n of_o considerable_a quality_n in_o wales_n dye_v and_o griffri_n the_o son_n of_o kyâgen_n be_v treacherous_o murder_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o his_o brother_n elis._n but_o conan_n can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o his_o brother_n howel_n forcible_a possession_n of_o the_o island_n of_o anglesey_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o give_v he_o another_o battle_n and_o to_o force_v he_o to_o restore_v and_o yield_v up_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o country_n which_o he_o have_v now_o violent_o keep_v in_o his_o hand_n howel_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v as_o resolute_o bend_v to_o maintain_v his_o ground_n and_o not_o to_o deliver_v up_o a_o foot_n of_o what_o he_o be_v now_o upon_o a_o double_a respect_n viz._n his_o father_n legacy_n and_o his_o 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to_o a_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n name_v merfyn_n frych_n he_o be_v son_n to_o gwyriad_n or_o vriet_n the_o son_n of_o elidure_n who_o lineal_o descend_v from_o belinus_n the_o brother_n of_o brennus_n king_n of_o the_o britain_n his_o mother_n be_v nest_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadelh_n king_n of_o powy_n the_o son_n of_o brochwel_n yscithroc_n who_o together_o with_o cadfan_n king_n of_o britain_n morgan_n king_n of_o demetia_n and_o bledericus_n king_n of_o cornwall_n give_v that_o memorable_a overthrow_n to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o northumberland_n upon_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi in_o the_o year_n 617._o this_o brochwel_n by_o the_o latin_a writer_n name_v brecivallus_fw-la and_o brochmaelus_fw-la be_v a_o very_a considerable_a prince_n in_o that_o part_n of_o britain_n call_v powys-land_n as_o also_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o live_v in_o the_o town_n then_o call_v pengwern_n powy_n now_o salop_n in_o the_o house_n where_o since_o the_o college_n of_o s._n
chad_n stand_v he_o be_v a_o great_a friend_n and_o a_o favourer_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n who_o part_n he_o take_v against_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v set_v on_o by_o augustine_n the_o monk_n to_o prosecute_v they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n because_o they_o will_v not_o forsake_v the_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o church_n and_o conform_v to_o those_o of_o rome_n merfyn_n frych_n and_o esylht_n conan_n be_v dead_a merfyn_n frych_n and_o his_o wife_n esylht_n who_o be_v sole_a heir_n to_o conan_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n or_o principality_n of_o wales_n this_o merfyn_n be_v king_n of_o man_n and_o son_n to_o gwyriat_n and_o nest_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadelh_n ap_fw-mi brochwel_fw-mi ap_fw-mi elis_n king_n of_o powy_n howel_n be_v forcible_o eject_v out_o of_o anglesey_n by_o his_o brother_n conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o escape_v to_o the_o island_n of_o man_n be_v honourable_o and_o kind_o receive_v by_o merfyn_n in_o return_n of_o who_o civility_n howel_n use_v 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denbighland_n about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o very_a sore_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o anglesey_n between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o welsh_a call_v from_o the_o place_n where_o this_o fight_n happen_v the_o battle_n of_o lhanvaes_n a.d._n 819_o fortune_n seem_v all_o this_o while_n to_o frown_v upon_o the_o welsh_a and_o their_o affair_n succeed_v very_o ill_a for_o short_o after_o that_o egbert_n have_v advance_v his_o colour_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n kenulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o west_n wales_n overran_a and_o destroy_a âowis-land_n and_o great_o disturb_v and_o incommoded_a âhe_n welch_n nation_n soon_o after_o this_o kenulph_n die_v ând_n be_v succeed_v by_o kenelm_n and_o he_o in_o a_o short_a ââme_n by_o ceolwulph_n who_o after_o two_o year_n reign_n leave_v âhe_v kingdom_n of_o mercia_n to_o bernulph_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n be_v grow_v very_o strong_a and_o powerful_a able_a to_o reduce_v all_o the_o petty_a kingdom_n in_o britain_n under_o one_o single_a monarchy_n upon_o âhe_n thought_n of_o which_o he_o set_v upon_o bernulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n and_o vanquish_v he_o at_o elledowne_n and_o afterward_o bring_v under_o subjection_n the_o country_n of_o kent_n and_o of_o the_o west_n angle_n but_o the_o britain_n can_v âot_n be_v so_o easy_o subdue_v for_o after_o a_o long_a and_o a_o cruel_a âight_n at_o gavelford_n between_o they_o and_o the_o west_n saxon_n of_o devonshire_n in_o which_o several_a thousand_o be_v ââain_o on_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n remain_v uncertain_a he_o have_v better_a success_n against_o wyhtlafe_a king_n of_o mercia_n a.d._n 829_o who_o dominion_n he_o easy_o add_v to_o his_o now_o increase_a monarchy_n and_o pass_v humber_n he_o quick_o âeduced_v that_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n be_v now_o become_v one_o kingdom_n and_o egâert_v sole_a monarch_n of_o all_o the_o country_n that_o the_o saxonsâossessed_v âossessed_z in_o britain_n which_o name_n he_o order_v shall_v âe_v change_v to_o england_n his_o people_n to_o be_v call_v enâlishmen_n and_o the_o language_n english_a they_o who_o come_v over_o out_o of_o germany_n into_o this_o âsland_n to_o aid_v the_o britain_n against_o their_o enemy_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n be_v partly_o saxon_n angles_n and_o outhe_n from_o the_o first_o of_o which_o come_v the_o people_n of_o essex_n suffex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o westsaxons_a from_o âhe_n angle_n the_o east_n angle_n the_o mercian_n and_o they_o âhat_n inhabit_v the_o north_n side_n of_o humber_n from_o the_o juthe_n the_o kentishman_n and_o they_o that_o settle_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n these_o german_n after_o that_o they_o have_v drive_v âhe_n britain_n beyond_o severn_n and_o dee_n erect_v seven_o kingdom_n call_v the_o heptarchy_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o âhe_n island_n whereof_o 1._o kent_n 2._o of_o the_o south-saxons_a contain_v sussex_n and_o surrey_n 3._o the_o east-angle_n in_o norfolk_n suffolk_n and_o cambridgshire_n 4._o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a comprehend_v berkshire_n devonshire_n somersetshire_n and_o cornwall_n 5._o mercia_n contain_v gloucester_n hereford_n worcester_z shropshire_n stafford_n cheshire_n warwick_n leicester_n derby_n nottingham_n lincoln_n northampton_n oxford_n buckingham_z bedford_z and_o half_a hartfordshire_n 6_o the_o east-saxons_a contain_v essex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o hartford_n 7._o of_o the_o northumbrian_n take_v in_o all_o the_o country_n beyond_o hamber_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n deyra_n and_o bernicia_n the_o first_o from_o humber_n to_o tyne_n the_o other_o from_o tyne_n to_o the_o scottish_a sea_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v several_o conquer_v these_o kingdom_n annex_v they_o together_o and_o comprehend_v they_o under_o one_o monarchy_n which_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 96â_n year_n after_o the_o come_n of_o brute_n to_o this_o island_n 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pââ_n to_o a_o total_a rout_n the_o welsh_a suffer_v severe_o fââ_n this_o egbert_n be_v high_o incense_v that_o the_o danââ_n be_v support_v by_o they_o lay_v siege_n to_o caer_n lheon_n ãâã_d dhyfrdwy_n or_o chester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o venedotiââ_n which_o hitherto_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n and_z among_o other_o tokeâ_n of_o his_o indignation_n he_o cause_v the_o brazen_a effigy_n oâ_n cadwalhon_n king_n of_o britain_n to_o be_v pull_v down_o and_o deface_v and_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n forbid_v the_o erect_v ãâã_d such_o again_o he_o issue_v out_o also_o a_o proclamation_n by_o thâ_n instigation_n of_o his_o wife_n redburga_n who_o always_o bear_v a_o inveterate_a malice_n to_o the_o welsh_a command_v all_o that_o âere_z any_o way_n extract_v from_o british_a blood_n to_o deâart_v with_o all_o their_o effect_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n within_o ââx_n month_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n these_o be_v very_o ââvere_a and_o insupportable_a term_n but_o he_o do_v not_o live_v âong_a to_o see_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o die_v short_o âfter_o the_o battle_n of_o hengestdown_n he_o be_v succeed_v by_o âon_n ethelwulph_n this_o king_n ethelwulph_n marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o berthr_v who_o be_v his_o tributary_n king_n of_o mercia_n by_o who_o help_n he_o successful_o oppose_v the_o âruel_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o miserable_o destroy_v the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n with_o fire_n and_o ãâã_d these_o danish_a commotion_n be_v indifferent_o well_o appease_v berthred_a king_n of_o mercia_n set_v âpon_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o remarkable_a battle_n âas_v seek_v at_o a_o place_n call_v kettell_n where_o merfyn_n ârych_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v kill_v leave_v to_o ââcceed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n his_o son_n roâeric_a mawr_z or_o the_o great_a roderic_n the_o great_a merfyn_n frych_n have_v lose_v his_o life_n and_o with_o it_o his_o a.d._n 843_o kingdom_n in_o
the_o battle_n of_o kettell_n his_o son_n roderic_n surname_v the_o great_a without_o any_o opposition_n or_o contest_v succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o effect_v after_o his_o advancement_n to_o âhe_n crown_n be_v the_o divide_n of_o wales_n into_o several_a province_n which_o he_o distinguish_v into_o these_o three_o aberffraw_n dinevowr_n and_o mathraval_n berthred_a king_n âf_n mercia_n be_v animate_v by_o his_o late_a success_n against_o merfyn_n frych_n purpose_v to_o perform_v the_o like_a exploit_n âgainst_a his_o son_n roderic_n and_o have_v gain_v the_o aid_n ând_v assistance_n of_o king_n ethelwulph_n he_o enter_v north_n wales_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n which_o he_o cruel_o and_o miserable_o destroy_v roderic_n meet_v he_o several_a time_n and_o the_o welsh_a do_v at_o length_n so_o gall_n and_o torment_v he_o that_o in_o fine_a he_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o boast_v of_o only_a meyric_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a prince_n among_o the_o britain_n be_v slay_v but_o he_o be_v soon_o force_v to_o quit_v his_o expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o convert_v his_o force_n another_o way_n his_o own_o dominion_n require_v their_o constant_a residence_n be_v severe_o threaten_v by_o a_o foreign_a invasion_n a.d._n 846_o for_o the_o dane_n be_v by_o this_o time_n grow_v so_o very_o powerful_a that_o they_o overran_a a_o great_a part_n of_o england_n fight_v with_o athelstan_n king_n of_o kent_n brother_n to_o ethelwulph_n and_o obtain_v so_o much_o conquest_n that_o whereas_o before_o they_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n when_o the_o wether_n grow_v too_o cold_a for_o action_n they_o now_o take_v up_o their_o winter-quarter_n in_o england_n the_o welsh_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v secure_a from_o any_o violence_n which_o may_v otherwise_o be_v expect_v from_o the_o english_a begin_v to_o quarrel_n and_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o ithel_n king_n of_o gwent_n or_o wântland_n for_o what_o occasion_n not_o know_v fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o meâ_n of_o brecknock_n who_o be_v so_o resolute_a as_o to_o fight_v he_o and_o the_o event_n prove_v very_o unfortunate_a to_o ithel_n whâ_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n it_o be_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o a_o nation_n that_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a petty_a state_n when_o it_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o no_o danger_n from_o a_o outward_a enemy_n that_o it_o will_v fall_v at_o variance_n and_o create_v disturbance_n among_o itself_o have_v the_o britain_n instead_o of_o fall_v upon_o one_o another_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n wheâ_n the_o saxon_n be_v altogether_o employ_v in_o oppose_v and_o repel_v the_o dane_n to_o increase_v and_o strengthen_v their_o number_n and_o to_o fortify_v their_o town_n they_o may_v aâ_n lest_o secure_o have_v possess_v their_o own_o dominion_n ãâã_d not_o extend_v their_o government_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o england_n but_o a_o sort_n of_o a_o equality_n in_o power_n beget_v aâ_n emulation_n between_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o this_o emulation_n for_o the_o most_o part_n end_v in_o blow_n and_o contention_n so_o that_o instead_o of_o strengthen_v themselves_o whilst_o they_o have_v respite_n from_o the_o english_a they_o rather_o weaken_v their_o power_n by_o inward_a difference_n kongen_fw-mi king_n of_o powy_n be_v go_v to_o rome_n there_o to_o a.d._n 854_o âend_n his_o day_n peaceable_o and_o religious_o but_o his_o death_n do_v not_o prove_v so_o natural_a as_o he_o expect_v be_v barbarous_o slay_v or_o as_o some_o say_v choke_v by_o his_o own_o servant_n short_o after_o die_v cemoyth_fw-mi king_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o jonathan_n lord_n of_o abergeley_n it_o be_v now_o become_v customary_a for_o prince_n weary_v with_o government_n to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o the_o pope_n willing_o dispense_v with_o the_o resignation_n of_o their_o crown_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o holiness_n seldom_o lose_v by_o it_o king_n ethelwulph_n pay_v very_o dear_a for_o his_o entertainment_n there_o make_v his_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o pay_v the_o peterpence_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o saxon_a genealogist_n bring_v the_o pedigree_n of_o ethelwulph_n for_o several_a succession_n and_o generation_n up_o to_o adam_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n who_o in_o like_a manner_n derive_v the_o pedigree_n of_o offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n this_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o most_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a and_o be_v always_o practise_v by_o they_o who_o family_n be_v any_o thing_n ancient_a and_o honourable_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n to_o scoff_n at_o and_o deride_v the_o welsh_a because_o they_o keep_v up_o this_o ancient_a and_o laudable_a custom_n berthred_a king_n of_o mercia_n become_v at_o length_n far_o âoo_o weak_a to_o repel_v the_o daily_a increase_a power_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o so_o numerous_o pour_v upon_o he_o that_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v to_o relinquish_v his_o kingdom_n and_o fly_v to_o rome_n where_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o sorrowful_o end_v his_o day_n ethelwulph_n short_o follow_v and_o leave_v his_o son_n athelbald_a king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o athelbright_n king_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o east-saxons_a ethelwulph_n be_v report_v to_o be_v so_o learned_a and_o devout_a that_o the_o church_n of_o winchester_n elect_v he_o in_o his_o youth_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_v which_o function_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o about_o seven_o year_n before_o he_o be_v make_v king_n he_o be_v say_v also_o to_o have_v conquer_a the_o kingdom_n of_o demetia_n or_o south-wales_n which_o together_o with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o south-saxons_a he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o son_n alfred_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v bring_v a_o thousand_o man_n out_o of_o wales_n to_o winchester_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o his_o brother_n ethelbert_n against_o the_o dane_n athelbald_n succeed_a his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a keep_v his_o mother-in-law_n the_o wife_n of_o ethelwulph_n for_o hiâ_n concubine_n and_o afterward_o marry_v she_o in_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n but_o he_o do_v not_o live_v long_o to_o enjoy_v the_o unnatural_a conjunction_n but_o die_v without_o issâ_n after_o that_o he_o have_v reign_v eight_o year_n leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n athelbright_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o dane_n begin_v again_o to_o be_v stir_v themselves_o and_o fall_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o winchester_n and_o destroy_v it_o which_o athelbright_n perceive_v after_o a_o long_o fight_v force_v they_o to_o quit_v the_o land_n and_o tâ_n betake_v themselves_o to_o sea_n again_o but_o the_o dane_n quick_o return_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n where_o they_o remain_v for_o that_o winter_n do_v much_o mischief_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o destroy_v all_o place_n near_o the_o shoaâ_n of_o england_n the_o english_a be_v very_o glad_a that_o they_o dare_v venture_v no_o further_o and_o the_o more_o because_o the_o welsh_a begin_v again_o to_o be_v troublesome_a against_o whoâ_n a_o army_n must_v be_v speedy_o dispatch_v otherwise_o they_o will_v certain_o advance_v to_o the_o english_a country_n both_o army_n meet_v at_o greythen_n where_o a_o fierce_a battle_n be_v fight_v and_o a_o great_a number_n slay_v on_o either_o side_n but_o the_o victory_n be_v not_o plain_o discoverable_a bââ_n the_o welch_n not_o long_o after_o receive_v a_o considerable_a loâ_n by_o the_o death_n of_o conan_n nârit_fw-fr nifer_n a_o stout_a and_o skilful_a commander_n who_o oftentimes_o have_v valiant_o repulse_v the_o english_a force_n and_o obtain_v many_o signââ_n victory_n over_o they_o the_o dane_n have_v be_v for_o some_o time_n quiet_a be_v ââable_a to_o venture_v upon_o any_o considerable_a action_n anâ_n therefore_o they_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o secure_v only_a whâ_n they_o have_v already_o win_v and_o to_o expect_v a_o re-inforcement_n from_o their_o own_o country_n this_o be_v quick_o send_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o hungare_n and_o hubâââ_n who_o land_v in_o england_n with_o a_o very_a considerable_a armâ_n of_o dane_n king_n athelbright_n whether_o terrify_v with_o a_o dismal_a apprehension_n of_o these_o invader_n or_o otherwise_o be_v indispose_v quick_o afterward_o give_v up_o the_o ghost_n leave_v the_o management_n of_o his_o kingdom_n together_o with_o that_o of_o his_o army_n against_o the_o dane_n to_o his_o brother_n ethelred_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n âot_n sure_a foot_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o york_n which_o âhey_n miserable_o destroy_v kill_v osbright_n and_o elbaâwo_n âwo_z king_n of_o northumberland_n that_o oppose_v they_o ârom_o hence_o they_o proceed_v and_o overrun_v all_o the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o nottingham_n destroy_v and_o spoil_v all_o before_o they_o and_o then_o return_v back_o to_o york_n âut_fw-la have_v once_o taste_v
cadelh_n king_n of_o powis_n his_o father_n mother_n these_o three_o dominion_n roderic_n divide_v between_o hââ_n three_o son_n appoint_v north-wales_n for_o his_o elder_a soâ_n anarawd_n south-wales_n to_o cadelh_n who_o short_o after_o ãâã_d father_n death_n forcible_o seize_v upon_o his_o brother_n mââfyn's_n portion_n upon_o who_o roderic_n have_v bestoweâ_n powis-land_n wales_n be_v thus_o divide_v between_o the_o three_o prince_n they_o be_v call_v y_o tri_n tywysoc_n taââthioc_n or_o the_o three_o crown_a prince_n by_o reason_n thââ_n each_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v on_o his_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n ãâã_d gold_n be_v a_o broad_a head-band_n indent_a upwarâ_n set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o ãâã_d british_a tongue_n be_v call_v talaeth_n to_o each_o of_o the_o prince_n roderic_n build_v a_o royal_a seat_n for_o the_o prinââ_n of_o gwyneth_n or_o north-wales_n at_o aberffraw_n of_o souââwales_n at_o dinefawr_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o powis_n at_o mâthrafel_n roderic_n have_v issue_n also_o beside_o these_o threâ_n roderic_n meyric_n edwal_n or_o tadwal_n gwyriad_n aââ_n gathelic_n but_o roderic_n have_v divide_v his_o principality_n betwixt_o his_o elder_a son_n namely_o aberffraw_n with_o the_o fifteen_o cantred_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o anarawd_n dinefawr_n with_o its_o fifteen_o cantred_n extend_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dofi_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o severn_n to_o cadelh_n and_o powis_n with_o fifteen_o cantred_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o bridge_n over_o severn_n at_o gloucester_n to_o merfyn_n ordain_v that_o his_o elder_a son_n anarawd_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v continue_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o other_o two_o their_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n and_o that_o upon_o any_o foreign_a invasion_n they_o shall_v mutual_o aid_v and_o protect_v one_o another_o and_o he_o far_o appoint_v that_o when_o any_o difference_n shall_v arise_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o cardigan_n or_o dynefawr_n the_o three_o prince_n shall_v meet_v at_o bwlch_n you_o pawl_v and_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n shall_v be_v umpire_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o powy_n fall_v at_o variance_n they_o shall_v meet_v at_o dôl_n rhianedd_n probable_o morva_n rhianedd_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi where_o the_o king_n of_o cardigan_n be_v to_o adjust_a the_o controversy_n and_o if_o the_o quarrel_v happen_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n and_o cardigan_n the_o meeting_n be_v appoint_v at_o llys_n wen_n upon_o the_o river_n wye_n and_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o the_o better_a to_o frustrate_v any_o attempt_n of_o the_o english_a he_o ordain_v moreover_o that_o all_o stronghold_n castle_n and_o citradel_n shall_v be_v fortify_v and_o keep_v in_o repair_n that_o all_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n shall_v be_v re-edify_v and_o adorn_v and_o that_o in_o all_o age_n the_o history_n of_o britain_n be_v faithful_o register_v and_o transcribe_v shall_v be_v keep_v therein_o anarawd_n the_o welsh_a have_v often_o sorrowful_o feel_v the_o unnatural_a effect_n of_o inward_a sedition_n and_o of_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a prince_n which_o be_v now_o unavoidable_o to_o be_v renew_v by_o reason_n of_o roderic_n imprudent_a division_n of_o his_o dominion_n between_o his_o three_o son_n for_o the_o several_a principality_n be_v unite_v in_o he_o it_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o politic_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o inveterate_a fury_n of_o the_o english_a to_o compose_v the_o inward_a difference_n which_o will_v otherwise_o happen_v by_o perpetuate_a the_o whole_a government_n of_o wales_n in_o one_o prince_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a effectual_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n by_o separate_a army_n and_o where_o a_o different_a interest_n interfere_v as_o if_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o same_o country_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o same_o prince_n be_v unanimous_o regard_v this_o be_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n when_v the_o roman_n invade_v their_o country_n domestic_a broil_n and_o inward_a dissension_n be_v sownâ_n among_o themselves_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v to_o unite_v their_o power_n and_o joint_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n so_o that_o tacitus_n wise_o conclude_v dum_fw-la singuââ_fw-la pugnant_fw-la universi_fw-la vincuntur_fw-la there_o be_v few_o â_z but_o have_v experience_v the_o folly_n of_o be_v rend_v into_o several_a portion_n and_o the_o downfall_n of_o that_o greaâ_n body_n the_o roman_a empire_n may_v not_o be_v absurd_o attribute_v to_o constantine_n divide_v of_o it_o between_o hiâ_n son_n but_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n present_o feel_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o it_o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o his_o portion_n and_o desirous_a to_o feed_v his_o ambition_n with_o large_a territory_n can_v not_o spare_v his_o brother_n merfyn_n country_n but_o must_v needs_o forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o his_o lawful_a inheritance_n and_o so_o involve_v the_o welsh_a in_o a_o civil_a war._n but_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n proceed_v in_o anarawd_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n over_o north-wales_n in_o the_o year_n 877._o a.d._n 877_o at_o that_o time_n rollo_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n of_o norman_n descend_v into_o france_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o country_n of_o neustria_n which_o from_o they_o have_v since_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n but_o the_o treacherous_a dane_n in_o england_n who_o have_v retire_v to_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n quick_o violate_v the_o capitulation_n which_o they_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o observe_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v so_o warm_o pursue_v by_o king_n alfred_n that_o they_o glad_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o article_n former_o agree_v upon_o between_o they_o but_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intention_n to_o keep_v they_o long_o for_o the_o next_o year_n they_o again_o break_v lose_v possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o country_n upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o thames_n and_o pass_v the_o river_n put_v the_o english_a to_o flight_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o chippenham_n in_o west-sax_n but_o their_o whole_a army_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o for_o alfred_n meet_v with_o a_o party_n of_o they_o slay_v their_o captain_n and_o take_v their_o standard_n which_o the_o dane_n call_v raven_n after_o this_o he_o vanquish_v they_o again_o at_o edendown_n where_o after_o that_o the_o dane_n have_v give_v hostage_n for_o their_o peaceable_a behaviour_n godrun_v their_o commander_n receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o so_o reign_v in_o east-angle_n but_o this_o opportunity_n seem_v to_o threaten_v a_o great_a storm_n upon_o wales_n for_o beside_o the_o death_n of_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o a.d._n 878_o melht_n a_o nobleman_n of_o the_o country_n the_o article_n of_o composition_n between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dane_n occasion_v these_o last_o to_o join_v their_o power_n with_o the_o people_n of_o mercia_n to_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v at_o conwey_n wherein_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n which_o be_v call_v dial_n rodri_n or_o the_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n roderic_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o mercian_n be_v so_o irreconcilable_o enrage_v against_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n be_v this_o after_o the_o death_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a the_o northern_a britain_n of_o stratelwyd_n and_o cumberland_n be_v mighty_o infest_a and_o weaken_a through_o the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n saxon_n and_o scot_n insomuch_o that_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o will_v not_o submit_v their_o neck_n to_o the_o yoke_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v their_o country_n and_o to_o seek_v for_o more_o quiet_a habitation_n therefore_o towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o anarawd_n reign_n several_a of_o they_o come_v to_o gwyneth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o hoberet_fw-la who_o distress_a condition_n the_o prince_n commiserate_v grant_v they_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o chester_n and_o conwey_n to_o seat_n themselves_o in_o in_o case_n they_o can_v drive_v out_o the_o saxon_n who_o have_v late_o possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o the_o britain_n have_v return_v their_o thanks_o to_o anarawd_n present_o fall_v to_o work_v and_o necessity_n give_v edge_n to_o their_o valour_n they_o easy_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n who_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o warm_a in_o their_o seat_n for_o some_o time_n they_o continue_v peaceable_o in_o this_o part_n of_o wales_n but_o eadred_a duke_n of_o mercia_n call_v by_o the_o welsh_a edryd_n wallthîr_n not_o be_v able_a any_o long_o to_o bear_v such_o a_o ignominious_a ejection_n make_v great_a preparation_n
and_o spoil_v the_o sea-coast_n thereof_o and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o buellt_n but_o the_o dane_n at_o budington_n be_v inform_v that_o king_n alfred_n march_v against_o they_o flee_v back_o to_o their_o castle_n in_o essex_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v fain_o to_o alâer_v his_o march_n and_o to_o convert_v his_o force_n against_o leyâester_n where_o a_o party_n of_o dane_n be_v so_o warm_o besiege_v that_o at_o length_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o feed_v upon_o their_o horse_n but_o the_o season_n âf_n the_o year_n for_o action_n be_v end_v and_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n be_v advance_v alfred_n ãâã_d force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o to_o wait_v the_o next_o opportunity_n a.d._n 895_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o town_n but_o before_o ãâã_d can_v appear_v before_o it_o again_o the_o dane_n fair_o quittââ_n it_o and_o together_o with_o those_o in_o northumberland_n passââ_n by_o the_o north-sea_n to_o meresige_v a_o isle_n in_o 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jevaf_a and_o jago_n meet_v they_o a_o very_a cruel_a battle_n ensue_v upon_o this_o and_o a_o very_a great_a number_n be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n among_o who_o be_v anarawd_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n but_o the_o victory_n plain_o favour_v the_o brother_n jevaf_n and_o jago_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v to_o cardiganshire_n whither_o they_o be_v warm_o pursue_v and_o that_o country_n cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o next_o year_n merfyn_n be_v unhappy_o a.d._n 953_o drown_a and_o short_o after_o congelach_n king_n of_o ireland_n be_v slay_v the_o scot_n and_o northumbrian_n have_v late_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o king_n edred_n he_o be_v scarce_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o aulafe_v with_o a_o great_a army_n land_v
at_o brentford_n and_o come_v to_o kent_n in_o pursuit_n of_o ânute_n who_o upon_o engage_v be_v so_o shameful_o defeat_v at_o first_o and_o his_o man_n put_v to_o that_o terrible_a flight_n that_o âere_z want_v nothing_o of_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a victory_n âât_v the_o true_a loyalty_n of_o the_o traitor_n edric_n who_o perceive_v the_o victory_n to_o incline_v to_o edmund_n and_o the_o âanes_n like_v to_o receive_v their_o mortal_a and_o final_a blow_n ââyed_v aloud_o flee_v engle_n flee_v engle_n edmund_n be_v dead_a ând_v thereupon_o flee_v with_o that_o part_n of_o the_o army_n under_o ââs_o command_v leave_v the_o king_n overpower_a with_o âumber_n by_o this_o desertion_n the_o english_a be_v at_o the_o ââst_n overthrow_v and_o a_o great_a number_n slay_v among_o âhom_n be_v duke_n edmund_n duke_n alfric_n duke_n godâyn_n and_o vlfkettel_n the_o valiant_a duke_n of_o the_o east-angles_a together_o with_o all_o the_o english_a cavalry_n and_o a_o ââeat_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n after_o this_o victory_n cnuteâarched_v âarched_z triumphant_o to_o london_n and_o be_v crown_v king_n but_o edmund_n prepare_v to_o try_v his_o fortune_n in_o anâther_n field_n muster_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v ând_v meeting_n with_o cnute_n in_o gloucestershire_n intend_v âo_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o consider_v what_o cruel_a and_o ânnatural_a bloodshed_n have_v already_o happen_v both_o general_o agree_v to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o tedious_a quarrel_n by_o âângle_a combat_n and_o the_o place_n be_v appoint_v edmundând_a ând_z cnute_n fall_v to_o it_o very_o vigorous_o till_o at_o last_o cnuteâerceiving_v âerceiving_z it_o impracticable_a to_o vanquish_v a_o man_n of_o iron_n sides_n lay_v down_o his_o weapon_n move_v this_o composition_n to_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n fair_o betwixt_o they_o edmund_n be_v not_o displease_v at_o the_o offer_n and_o therefore_o both_o party_n submit_v to_o this_o decision_n that_o edmund_n shall_v rule_v the_o westsaxons_a and_o the_o south_n cnute_n in_o mercia_n and_o all_o the_o north_n and_o so_o they_o part_v friend_n cnute_n move_v to_o london_n and_o edmund_n to_o oxford_n but_o edric_n be_v not_o please_v that_o edmund_n shall_v have_v any_o share_n at_o all_o of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o conspire_v against_o his_o life_n and_o to_o deliver_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o cnute_n of_o who_o he_o may_v reasonable_o expect_v for_o this_o and_o other_o traitorous_a service_n a_o very_a ample_a and_o a_o answerable_a return_n this_o he_o commit_v to_o one_o of_o his_o own_o son_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n a_o ãâã_d of_o the_o old_a stock_n and_o one_o early_o verse_v in_o wicked_a and_o traitorous_a design_n who_o perceive_v the_o king_n to_o go_v ãâã_d stool_n thrust_v up_o a_o sharp_a knife_n up_o his_o fundament_n ãâã_d which_o wound_v he_o present_o dye_v edric_n be_v quick_o certify_v of_o the_o fact_n post_v it_o up_o to_o london_n and_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o loud_a acclamation_n come_v to_o cnutâ_n greet_v he_o as_o sole_a king_n of_o england_n and_o withal_o tell_v he_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o by_o who_o mean_n hââ_n old_a enemy_n king_n edmund_n be_v assassinate_v and_o kill_v at_o oxford_n cnute_n though_o please_v at_o the_o death_n of_o edmund_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n than_o to_o commend_v so_o horrible_a a_o deed_n though_o do_v to_o a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o tell_v edric_n that_o he_o will_v without_o faââ_n take_v care_n to_o reward_v he_o as_o his_o desert_n require_v anâ_n will_v advance_v he_o above_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n which_o be_v quick_o perform_v his_o head_n be_v placeâ_n upon_o the_o high_a tower_n in_o london_n for_o a_o terror_n ãâã_d such_o villainous_a traitor_n to_o their_o king_n edric_n be_v thus_o deserve_o disappoint_v of_o the_o mighty_a thought_n he_o entertain_v of_o greatness_n upon_o the_o advancement_n of_o king_n cnute_n this_o generous_a dane_n scorn_v his_o basâness_n and_o so_o have_v pay_v he_o a_o traitor_n reward_n cause_v execution_n to_o be_v do_v upon_o all_o edric_n complice_n and_o those_o that_o consent_v to_o the_o base_a murder_n oâ_n that_o brave_a prince_n king_n edmund_n about_o the_o same_o time_n there_o happen_v no_o small_a disturbance_n a.d._n 1015_o and_o commotion_n in_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n have_v for_o some_o year_n sit_v still_o and_o quiet_a begin_v now_o to_o bestir_v himself_o and_o have_v draw_v all_o his_o force_n together_o march_v against_o aedan_n who_o forcible_o and_o without_o any_o legal_a pretence_n have_v enter_v upon_o and_o for_o all_o this_o time_n have_v keep_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n aedan_n will_v not_o easy_o âeject_v himself_o from_o what_o have_v be_v so_o long_o in_o his_o possession_n to_o maintain_v which_o he_o give_v lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o the_o day_n go_v against_o he_o himself_z with_o his_o four_o son_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n upon_o which_o lheweâyn_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n take_v upon_o himself_o the_o title_n and_o authority_n of_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n his_o pretence_n to_o north-wales_n be_v as_o be_v descend_v from_o traw_v daughter_n to_o elis_n second_o son_n to_o anarawd_n who_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o to_o south_n wales_n as_o have_v marry_v angharad_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o meredith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o pretension_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n lhewelyn_n have_v as_o be_v say_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o general_a government_n of_o wales_n manage_v his_o charge_n with_o such_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n that_o the_o country_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v very_o flourish_v and_o prosperous_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n be_v establish_v produce_v plenty_n and_o increase_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o humane_a subsistence_n for_o there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v âay_n any_o claim_n or_o pretence_n to_o either_o of_o the_o principality_n except_v jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n who_o be_v indeed_o lawful_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n but_o either_o too_o weak_a to_o withstand_v or_o unwilling_a to_o disturb_v lhewelyn_n title_n he_o lay_v quiet_a for_o a_o time_n expect_v a_o better_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n cnute_n be_v crown_v king_n of_o all_o england_n marrieâ_n emma_n the_o widow_n of_o king_n edelred_n and_o for_o the_o better_a secure_v the_o english_a crown_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o dispatch_v edmund_n and_o edward_n the_o son_n of_o ironside_n out_o of_o the_o way_n but_o lefâ_n such_o a_o execrable_a fact_n shall_v seem_v too_o black_a to_o be_v do_v in_o england_n he_o send_v the_o two_o youth_n to_o solomân_a king_n of_o hungary_n will_v he_o to_o use_v some_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n which_o seem_v to_o solomon_n so_o very_o unnatural_a that_o instead_o of_o comply_v with_o cnute_n request_n he_o educate_v and_o bring_v they_o up_o as_o his_o own_o child_n but_o cnute_n imagine_v now_o that_o his_o fear_n be_v over_o and_o his_o busâness_n effectual_o finish_v so_o that_o he_o can_v the_o more_o bold_o demand_v of_o his_o subject_n what_o either_o his_o necessity_n or_o curiosity_n will_v prompt_v he_o to_o and_o reflect_v with_o himself_o what_o excessive_a expense_n he_o have_v be_v at_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v that_o the_o english_a shall_v repay_v he_o and_o therefore_o require_v a_o subsidy_n of_o seventy_o two_o thousand_o pound_n beside_o eleven_o thousand_o which_o the_o city_n of_o london_n contribute_v the_o same_o time_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o arthfael_n a_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o wales_n rebel_v and_o raise_v aâ_n army_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o no_o soon_o appear_v in_o the_o field_n to_o quell_v this_o malcontented_n general_n but_o manful_o slay_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o easy_o discomfit_v his_o follower_n the_o same_o time_n cnute_n sail_v over_o into_o denmark_n and_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o vandal_n who_o for_o all_o that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a army_n ãâã_d the_o field_n be_v overcome_v by_o the_o imcomparable_a valour_n of_o earl_n godwyn_n for_o which_o famous_a action_n cnutâ_n have_v the_o english_a in_o great_a esteem_n ever_o after_o a.d._n 1020_o but_o lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n though_o he_o have_v late_o quell_v the_o rebel_n head_v by_o meyric_n be_v now_o to_o encounter_v with_o another_o difficulty_n which_o seem_v to_o threaten_v great_a disturbance_n and_o trouble_n to_o he_o for_o a_o certain_a person_n of_o a_o mean_a quality_n in_o scotland_n come_v to_o south-wales_n assume_v the_o
draw_v together_o a_o great_a army_n consist_v partly_o of_o stranger_n and_o partly_o of_o such_o as_o they_o can_v raise_v in_o gwentland_n and_o glamorgan_n and_o march_v to_o fight_v with_o gruffydh_n the_o prince_n according_a to_o his_o usual_a manner_n detract_v no_o time_n but_o animate_v and_o solace_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o remembrance_n of_o their_o former_a victory_n and_o conquest_n bid_v the_o enemy_n battle_n which_o prove_v so_o very_o bloody_a and_o terrible_a that_o nothing_o can_v part_v they_o beside_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n this_o battle_n so_o tire_v and_o tame_v both_o army_n that_o neither_o be_v very_o desirous_a of_o another_o engagement_n and_o so_o one_o be_v unwilling_a to_o set_v upon_o the_o other_o they_o both_o agree_v to_o return_v to_o their_o own_o habitation_n the_o same_o time_n joseph_n bishop_n of_o teilo_n or_o llandaf_n die_v at_o rome_n but_o both_o army_n be_v separate_v prince_n gruffydh_n enjoy_v a_o quiet_a and_o unmolested_a possession_n of_o all_o wales_n for_o about_o two_o year_n after_o which_o the_o gentry_n of_o ystrad_n towy_n treacherous_o slay_v 140_o of_o the_o choice_n of_o his_o army_n which_o he_o take_v in_o so_o high_a a_o indignation_n that_o to_o revenge_v their_o death_n he_o destroy_v all_o dyfed_a and_o ystrad_n towy_a about_o the_o same_o time_n lothen_n and_o hyrl_a two_o danish_a pirate_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o dane_n land_v at_o sandwich_n and_o have_v plunder_v the_o town_n return_v again_o to_o their_o ship_n and_o sail_v for_o holland_n where_o they_o sell_v the_o booty_n they_o have_v take_v and_o then_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n short_o afterward_o earl_n swain_n come_v out_o of_o denmark_n with_o eight_o ship_n and_o return_v to_o england_n and_o come_v to_o his_o father_n house_n at_o pevenese_n humble_o request_v of_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n harold_n and_o tostie_n to_o endeavour_v his_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o king_n earl_n beorn_v too_o promise_v to_o intercede_v for_o he_o and_o go_v to_o swayn_n fleet_n to_o sail_v to_o sandwich_n where_o the_o king_n then_o lay_v he_o be_v by_o the_o way_n most_o treacherous_o and_o ungrateful_o murder_v and_o his_o body_n cast_v upon_o the_o shore_n which_o lie_v there_o expose_v till_o his_o friend_n heat_n of_o the_o fact_n come_v and_o carry_v it_o to_o winchester_n and_o bury_v it_o by_o the_o body_n of_o king_n cnute_n âeorned_v his_o uncle_n swain_n have_v commit_v this_o most_o testable_a murder_n put_v himself_o again_o under_o the_o proââction_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n not_o dare_v to_o show_v ãâã_d face_n in_o england_n till_o his_o father_n by_o earnest_a mediââon_n wrought_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n this_o year_n conan_n the_o son_n of_o jago_n raise_v again_o a_o ââmy_n of_o his_o friend_n in_o ireland_n and_o sail_v towards_o âales_n purpose_v to_o recover_v his_o inheritance_n in_o ãâã_d country_n but_o when_o he_o be_v come_v near_o the_o ââlch_a coast_n there_o sudden_o arise_v such_o a_o violent_a ââârm_n that_o his_o fleet_n be_v present_o scatter_v and_o ââst_n of_o his_o ship_n drown_v which_o render_v this_o expedition_n ineffectual_a about_o the_o same_o time_n robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n impeach_v earl_n godwyn_n and_o his_o ãâã_d swain_n and_o harold_n of_o treason_n and_o the_o queen_n ãâã_d adultery_n and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o non-appearance_a when_o cite_v before_o the_o peer_n at_o gloucester_n ãâã_d queen_n be_v divorce_v and_o godwyn_n and_o his_o son_n âânished_v who_o with_o his_o son_n swain_n flee_v to_o flanders_n ãâã_d harold_n to_o ireland_n but_o these_o unlucky_a clashing_n use_v the_o many_o trouble_n that_o ensue_v thereupon_o happen_v upon_o this_o occasion_n eustace_n earl_n of_o bologne_n beâââ_n marry_v to_o goda_n the_o king_n sister_n come_v over_o this_o âaâ_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v king_n edward_n a_o visit_n and_o in_o ãâã_d return_n to_o canterbury_n one_o of_o his_o retinue_n forcible_o ââmanding_v a_o lodging_n provoke_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ââuse_n so_o far_o as_o by_o chance_n or_o anger_n to_o kill_v he_o euâââe_v upon_o this_o affront_n return_v back_o to_o the_o king_n and_o ãâã_d the_o insinuâtions_n of_o the_o archbishop_n make_v a_o loud_a complaint_n against_o the_o kentish-man_n to_o repress_v who_o violence_n earl_n godwyn_n be_v command_v to_o raise_v forâââ_n which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v for_o the_o kindness_n he_o bear_v ãâã_d his_o countryman_n of_o kent_n the_o king_n summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o gloucester_n and_o command_v godwyn_n to_o ââpear_v there_o but_o he_o mistrust_v either_o his_o own_o âuse_n or_o the_o malice_n of_o his_o adversary_n gather_v a_o powerful_a army_n out_o of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o son_n earldom_n and_o march_v towards_o gloucester_n give_v out_o ââât_v their_o force_n be_v to_o go_v against_o the_o welsh_a who_o âââended_v to_o invade_v the_o marsh_n but_o king_n edwardâââng_v âââng_z satisfy_v by_o the_o welsh_a that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n command_v godwyn_n to_o dismiss_v his_o aâmy_n and_o to_o appear_v himself_o to_o answer_v to_o the_o article_n exhibit_v against_o he_o godwyn_n refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o kiââ_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o earl_n leofrick_n summon_v a_o assembly_n at_o london_n whither_o a_o great_a number_n of_o force_n arrive_v from_o mercia_n which_o godwyn_n perceive_v and_o wiââal_a find_v himself_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o king_n â_o proceed_n private_o retire_v with_o his_o son_n out_o ãâã_d the_o kingdom_n and_o flee_v into_o flanders_n whereupon_o the_o king_n issue_v out_o a_o edict_n proclaim_v godwââ_n and_o his_o son_n outlaw_n and_o then_o confiscate_a thâââ_n estate_n bestow_v they_o upon_o other_o of_o his_o nobiliââ_n and_o to_o pursue_v his_o displeasure_n the_o far_o he_o divorce_v his_o queen_n edith_n earl_n godwyn_n daughter_n aââ_n commit_v she_o to_o a_o 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and_o râfonioc_n together_o with_o all_o the_o land_n lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n shore_n to_o the_o river_n cânwey_n arnulph_n a_o young_a son_n of_o roger_n montgomery_n for_o dyve_v barnard_n newmarch_n for_o brecnock_n ralph_n mortimer_n for_o eluel_n hugh_z de_fw-fr lacie_n for_o the_o land_n of_o ewyas_n eustace_n omer_n for_o mold_n and_o hapredale_n and_o several_a other_o do_v the_o like_a homage_n for_o other_o land_n but_o roger_n montgomery_n who_o by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o shrewsbury_n enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o powys-land_n and_o have_v win_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o baldwyn_n fortify_v it_o in_o his_o own_o right_n and_o call_v it_o montgomery_n after_o his_o own_o name_n king_n william_n of_o england_n be_v now_o in_o normandy_n and_o busy_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o who_o absence_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o 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the_o norman_n force_v upon_o they_o who_o after_o they_o have_v robe_v they_o of_o their_o land_n keep_v they_o in_o perpetual_a subjection_n but_o now_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n be_v dead_a and_o the_o garrison_n of_o rydcor_n scatter_v they_o venture_v to_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o the_o norman_n who_o think_v themselves_o free_a from_o all_o fear_n and_o prevail_v so_o successful_o that_o they_o drive_v they_o all_o out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o recover_v their_o own_o ancient_a estate_n but_o the_o norman_n like_v that_o country_n so_o well_o that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o be_v so_o easy_o befool_v out_o of_o what_o they_o have_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n and_o danger_n once_o possess_v and_o therefore_o have_v draw_v a_o great_a number_n of_o english_a and_o norman_n to_o their_o aid_n they_o be_v desirous_a to_o venture_v another_o touch_n with_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o return_v if_o possible_a to_o their_o once_o acquire_v habitation_n but_o the_o 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return_v with_o what_o speed_n they_o
easy_o grant_v with_o the_o promise_n too_o of_o great_a succour_n and_o large_a supply_n king_n henry_n to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o bold_a adventure_n march_v in_o person_n against_o they_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o arundel_n win_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o quick_o afterward_o the_o castle_n of_o tekinhill_n but_o that_o of_o brugge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n about_o it_o seem_v to_o require_v long_a time_n and_o hard_a service_n and_o therefore_o king_n henry_n be_v advise_v to_o send_v private_o to_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n promise_v he_o great_a reward_n if_o he_o forsake_v the_o earl_n part_n and_o come_v over_o to_o he_o urge_v to_o he_o what_o mischief_n roger_n earl_n robert_n father_n and_o his_o brother_n hugh_n have_v continual_o do_v to_o the_o welshman_n and_o to_o make_v he_o the_o more_o willing_a to_o accept_v of_o his_o proposal_n he_o promise_v 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de_fw-fr belesmo_n who_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o these_o welsh_a disturbance_n in_o that_o great_a rebellion_n which_o himself_o with_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n have_v raise_v against_o the_o king_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o king_n henry_n in_o normandy_n and_o commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o warham-castle_n the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n a.d._n 1110_o ap_fw-mi blethyn_n detach_v a_o considerable_a party_n of_o his_o man_n to_o make_v incursion_n into_o the_o country_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n who_o be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o himself_o and_o owen_n by_o reason_n that_o by_o his_o aid_n and_o instigation_n madawc_n be_v encourage_v to_o kill_v his_o uncle_n jorwerth_n and_o cadwgan_n these_o man_n as_o they_o pass_v through_o madawc_n country_n meet_v a_o person_n in_o the_o nighttime_n who_o belong_v to_o madawc_n who_o be_v ask_v where_o his_o master_n be_v after_o some_o pretence_n of_o ignorance_n at_o last_o through_o fear_n confess_v that_o he_o be_v not_o far_o from_o that_o place_n therefore_o lie_v quiet_o there_o all_o night_n by_o break_n of_o day_n they_o arise_v to_o look_v out_o their_o game_n and_o unexpected_o surpize_v madawc_n they_o fly_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n and_o take_v himself_o prisoner_n and_o so_o carry_v he_o to_o their_o lord_n they_o deliver_v he_o up_o as_o the_o great_a honour_n of_o their_o expedition_n meredith_n be_v not_o a_o little_a proud_a of_o his_o prisoner_n and_o therefore_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o the_o more_o with_o his_o nephew_n owen_n he_o commit_v he_o to_o safe_a custody_n till_o he_o be_v send_v for_o who_o come_v thither_o straight_o meredith_n deliver_v madawc_n up_o to_o he_o owen_n though_o he_o have_v the_o great_a reason_n for_o the_o most_o cruel_a revenge_n by_o reason_n that_o both_o his_o father_n and_o uncle_n be_v base_o 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apprehension_n of_o his_o former_a miscarriage_n that_o he_o endure_v penance_n for_o the_o expiation_n of_o former_a guilt_n a.d._n 1134_o in_o the_o year_n 1134._o till_o which_o time_n nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v in_o wales_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n dye_v in_o normandy_n in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n after_o who_o stephen_n earl_n of_o buloign_n son_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o bloys_n his_o sister_n son_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o hugh_n bygod_n be_v crown_v king_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n consent_v thereunto_o though_o contrary_a to_o a_o former_a oath_n they_o have_v take_v to_o maud_n the_o empress_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o employ_v his_o thought_n after_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o government_n be_v against_o david_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o take_v advantage_n of_o this_o new_a revolution_n in_o england_n by_o some_o treacherous_a mean_n or_o other_o get_v the_o 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be_v also_o
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feast_n of_o s._n luke_n the_o king_n go_v on_o board_n and_o the_o wind_n blow_v very_o favourable_o set_v sail_n for_o ireland_n and_o be_v safe_o arrive_v upon_o those_o coast_n he_o land_v at_o dublyn_n where_o he_o rest_v for_o that_o whole_a winter_n in_o order_n to_o make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o follow_a campaign_n but_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n and_o climate_n occasion_v such_o a_o rage_a distemper_n and_o infection_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o to_o prevent_v the_o perish_a of_o his_o whole_a army_n a.d._n 1172_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o return_v with_o what_o speed_n he_o can_v back_o for_o england_n and_o so_o have_v ship_v off_o all_o his_o army_n and_o effect_n he_o loose_v anchor_n and_o land_v in_o wales_n in_o the_o passion_n week_n next_o year_n and_o come_v to_o pembrock_n he_o stay_v there_o on_o easter-day_n and_o then_o proceed_v upon_o his_o journey_n towards_o england_n rhys_n hear_v of_o the_o king_n return_n be_v very_o officious_a to_o pay_v he_o his_o devotion_n and_o will_v glad_o feign_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o who_o shall_v welcome_v he_o over_o and_o so_o meet_v with_o he_o at_o talacharn_n he_o express_v all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n then_o the_o king_n pass_v on_o and_o as_o he_o come_v from_o caerdyf_n by_o the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vsk_n mean_v to_o leave_n wales_n in_o a_o peaceable_a condition_n he_o send_v for_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n who_o be_v the_o only_a person_n in_o open_a enmity_n against_o he_o and_o that_o upon_o very_o just_a ground_n will_v he_o to_o come_v and_o treat_v about_o a_o peace_n and_o assure_v he_o of_o a_o safe_a conduct_n for_o himself_o his_o son_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o associate_n jorwerth_n be_v willing_a to_o accept_v of_o the_o proposal_n and_o thereupon_o set_v forward_o to_o meet_v the_o king_n have_v send_v a_o express_a to_o his_o son_n owen_n a_o valorous_a young_a gentleman_n to_o 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his_o son_n and_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o will_v no_o long_o put_v any_o trust_n or_o confidence_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n promise_v to_o do_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n who_o be_v so_o cowardly_o cut_v off_o he_o present_o raise_v all_o the_o force_n that_o himself_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n be_v able_a to_o do_v and_o so_o enter_v into_o england_n he_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o the_o country_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o hereford_n and_o gloucester_n but_o the_o king_n be_v so_o intent_n upon_o his_o return_n that_o he_o seem_v to_o take_v no_o great_a notice_n of_o what_o jorwerth_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o have_v by_o commission_n constitute_v lord_n rhys_n chief_a justice_n of_o all_o south-wales_n he_o forthwith_o take_v his_o journey_n to_o normandy_n about_o this_o time_n die_v cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o 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ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la sicut_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la totam_fw-la tenebat_fw-la angliam_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v the_o say_a county_n of_o chester_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n by_o right_a of_o the_o sword_n so_o free_o and_o secure_o as_o the_o king_n hold_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n after_o five_o descent_n randulph_n bohun_n come_v to_o be_v earl_n of_o chester_n who_o be_v uncle_n to_o this_o john_n the_o last_o earl_n this_o randulph_n have_v several_a encounter_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o be_v in_o continual_a agitation_n against_o he_o but_o once_o more_o particular_o meet_v with_o the_o prince_n and_o be_v sensible_a of_o his_o inability_n to_o withstand_v he_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n which_o the_o prince_n present_o besiege_v randulph_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v in_o danger_n send_v to_o roger_n lacie_n constable_n of_o chester_n 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to_o be_v
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come_v with_o a.d._n 1243_o a_o army_n into_o wales_n and_o begin_v very_o unreasonable_o to_o molest_v the_o welsh_a and_o without_o any_o just_a pretence_n forcible_o to_o seize_v upon_o their_o land_n and_o estate_n indeed_o after_o the_o death_n of_o gruffydh_n he_o have_v a_o mind_n no_o long_o to_o keep_v his_o promise_n to_o david_n and_o therefore_o entitle_v his_o elder_a son_n edward_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n who_o he_o think_v to_o oblige_v the_o welsh_a to_o obey_v but_o prince_n david_n understand_v his_o design_n levy_v all_o his_o power_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o just_a right_n yet_o find_v himself_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o army_n of_o the_o english_a purpose_v to_o effect_v that_o by_o policy_n which_o he_o can_v not_o attain_v by_o force_n he_o send_v therefore_o to_o the_o pope_n complain_v how_o that_o king_n henry_n of_o england_n compel_v he_o unjust_o to_o hold_v his_o land_n of_o he_o and_o that_o upon_o no_o legal_a pretence_n he_o seize_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o welsh_a at_o his_o pleasure_n tell_v he_o moreover_o that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o father_n have_v leave_v he_o and_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n to_o which_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v the_o yearly_a sum_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n oblige_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o this_o payment_n the_o pope_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a glad_o accept_v of_o the_o offer_n and_o thereupon_o give_v commission_n to_o the_o two_o abbot_n of_o aberconwey_n and_o cymer_n to_o absolve_v david_n from_o his_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o whole_a estate_n of_o the_o quarrel_n to_o transmit_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o he_o the_o abbot_n appendâx_n see_v appendâx_n according_a to_o their_o commission_n direct_v a_o very_a positive_a mandate_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n admire_v the_o strange_a presumption_n and_o confidence_n of_o these_o abbot_n or_o more_o the_o unsatiable_a avarice_n and_o greediness_n of_o the_o pope_n send_v also_o to_o rome_n and_o with_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n easy_o adjust_v all_o matter_n his_o holiness_n be_v very_o desirous_a to_o make_v the_o best_a advantage_n of_o both_o party_n but_o prince_n david_n find_v that_o the_o pope_n mind_v his_o own_o gain_n more_o than_o to_o justify_v his_o complaint_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n think_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o rely_v upon_o his_o faith_n but_o judge_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o vindicate_v himself_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n have_v therefore_o gather_v his_o force_n together_o be_v now_o reconcile_v to_o and_o follow_v by_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n except_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n and_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n who_o also_o short_o after_o submit_v to_o he_o he_o draw_v up_o his_o army_n to_o the_o march_n intend_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n and_o hereford_n john_n de_fw-fr monmouth_n roger_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi and_o other_o who_o injure_v and_o oppress_v his_o people_n with_o who_o he_o fight_v divers_a time_n and_o with_o various_a success_n a.d._n 1245_o but_o in_o the_o lent-time_n next_o year_n the_o marcher_n and_o the_o welsh_a meet_v near_o montgomery_n between_o who_o be_v fight_v a_o very_a severe_a battle_n the_o governor_n of_o that_o castle_n be_v general_n of_o the_o english_a and_o have_v âunningly_o place_v a_o ambuscade_n of_o man_n pretend_a âfter_o some_o short_a engagement_n to_o flee_v who_o the_o welsh_a dare_o pursue_v not_o think_v of_o any_o treachery_n bat_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v past_o the_o ambushment_n âp_n rise_v a_o unexpected_a party_n of_o man_n who_o fall_v upân_v the_o back_n of_o the_o welsh_a put_v they_o to_o a_o very_a great_a âisorder_n and_o kill_v about_o three_o hundred_o
to_o gruffydh_fw-mi invite_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o invade_v theiâ_n country_n and_o to_o correct_v the_o unnatural_a enmity_n theiâ_n prince_n express_v to_o his_o brother_n but_o when_o all_o difference_n be_v over_o the_o king_n of_o england_n return_v with_o his_o army_n shameful_o back_o and_o the_o prince_n anâ_n his_o nobility_n reconcile_v the_o welsh_a may_v have_v expect_v a_o very_a happy_a time_n of_o it_o have_v not_o death_n take_v the_o prince_n so_o unnatural_o away_o before_o he_o have_v well_o know_v what_o a_o peaceful_a reign_n be_v lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ârince_n david_n be_v dead_a the_o principality_n of_o ãâã_d north_n wales_n legal_o descend_v to_o sir_n ralph_n morâââer_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n gladys_n daughter_n to_o âââwelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n but_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n beâââ_n assemble_v together_o for_o the_o elect_n and_o nominate_v a_o successor_n think_v it_o by_o no_o mean_n advisaâââ_n to_o admit_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o his_o ââde_n be_v never_o so_o lawful_a and_o especial_o a_o engââââman_n by_o who_o obligation_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o engâââd_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n expect_v to_o become_v subâââs_n or_o rather_o slave_n to_o the_o english_a government_n âherefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o set_v up_o lheâââyn_n and_o owen_n goch_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n a_o base_a ãâã_d of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n and_o brother_n to_o prince_n ââvid_v who_o be_v send_v for_o and_o appear_v before_o the_o assembly_n all_o the_o noble_n and_o baron_n then_o present_a ãâã_d they_o homage_n and_o receive_v they_o for_o their_o soâââeigns_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n understand_v of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n he_o ââought_v the_o country_n be_v in_o a_o unsettled_a and_o waââring_a condition_n he_o may_v effect_v great_a matter_n there_o use_v therefore_o he_o send_v one_o nicholas_n de_fw-fr miles_n to_o south-wales_a with_o the_o title_n of_o justice_n of_o that_o country_n ââth_v who_o he_o join_v in_o commission_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi ââys_v gryc_a and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ãâã_d eject_v and_o disinherit_v maelgon_n fychan_n of_o all_o his_o âands_n and_o estate_n in_o south-wales_n the_o like_a injurious_a practice_n be_v commit_v against_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n âho_fw-mi be_v forcible_o rob_v of_o all_o his_o estate_n in_o glamorâân_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n these_o unreasonable_a exââtions_n be_v insupportable_a maelgon_n and_o howel_n make_v ââown_v their_o grievance_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n desire_v their_o succour_n and_o assistance_n for_o the_o recovery_n âf_fw-mi their_o lawful_a inheritance_n from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o the_o english_a but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n understand_v their_o design_n lead_v his_o army_n into_o wales_n ãâã_d on_o who_o arrival_n the_o welsh_a withdraw_v themselves_o to_o snowden-hill_n where_o they_o so_o tire_v the_o englâââ_n army_n that_o the_o king_n find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o goââ_n after_o some_o stay_n there_o return_v back_o to_o england_n wiââ_n in_o a_o while_n after_o ralph_n mortimer_n the_o husband_n gladys_n dhu_n die_v leave_v his_o whole_a estate_n and_o wââ_n it_o a_o lawful_a title_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_a to_o his_o son_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1247_o the_o next_o year_n nothing_o memorable_a pass_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a 739._o m._n paris_n p._n 739._o only_o the_o dismal_a effect_n the_o last_o year_n expedition_n be_v not_o wear_v off_o ãâã_d ground_n be_v uncapable_a of_o cultivation_n and_o the_o câââtel_n be_v in_o great_a measure_n destroy_v by_o the_o englâââ_n occasion_v great_a poverty_n and_o want_n in_o the_o countââ_n but_o the_o great_a calamity_n befall_v the_o bishop_n s._n asâââ_n and_o bangor_n be_v destroy_v and_o burn_v by_o the_o english_a the_o bishop_n thereof_o be_v reduce_v to_o that_o utmost_a extremity_n as_o to_o get_v their_o subsistence_n by_o other_o meââ_n charity_n the_o bishop_n also_o of_o s._n david_n decease_a aââ_n he_o of_o landaff_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o fall_v blind_a ãâã_d the_o bishopric_n of_o s._n david_n succeed_v thomas_n sââââ_n name_v wallensis_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o walââ_n who_o think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o benefit_v his_o own_o coââtry_n what_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n desire_v to_o be_v advance_v from_o the_o archdeaconry_n of_o lincoln_n to_o that_o sea_n whicâ_n the_o king_n easy_o grant_v and_o confirm_v he_o in_o ãâã_d a.d._n 1248_o the_o next_o summer_n prove_v somewhat_o more_o favourablâ_n to_o the_o welsh_a rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o rhys_n mechyl_n woâ_n from_o the_o english_a the_o castle_n of_o carrec_n cynnen_n which_o his_o unkind_a mother_n out_o of_o malice_n or_o some_o ill_a opinion_n entertain_v of_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o private_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o and_o about_o the_o saââ_n time_n the_o body_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n base_n son_n ãâã_d lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n be_v recover_v from_o the_o king_n oâ_n england_n by_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o abboââ_n of_o conwey_n and_o ystratflur_n who_o convey_v it_o to_o conwey_n bestow_v upon_o it_o a_o very_a pompous_a and_o honourable_a innterment_n after_o this_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o welsh_a proceed_v a.d._n 1255_o peaceable_o for_o a_o long_a while_n and_o the_o country_n have_v sufficient_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v its_o former_a plenty_n but_o ãâã_d last_o to_o make_v good_a the_o proverb_n that_o plenty_n beget_v ââar_a they_o begin_v for_o want_v of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n to_o ââarrel_v and_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o owen_n be_v too_o ââgh_a and_o ambitious_a to_o be_v satisfy_v with_o half_a the_o prinpality_n and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o have_v a_o fling_n at_o the_o âhole_a wherein_o fortune_n so_o far_o deceive_v he_o that_o he_o ââst_n his_o own_o stake_n as_o will_v afterward_o appear_v but_o ââe_v better_a to_o encompass_v his_o design_n by_o sly_a insinuaââons_n he_o persuade_v david_n his_o young_a brother_n to_o seâând_v his_o cause_n and_o they_o with_o joint_a interest_n levy_v ââeir_n power_n with_o intention_n to_o dethrone_v their_o elder_a ââother_n lhewelyn_n but_o that_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n ãâã_d lhewelyn_n be_v prepare_v to_o receive_v they_o and_o with_o puissant_a army_n meet_v they_o in_o the_o field_n and_o so_o be_v âââolved_v to_o venture_v all_o upon_o the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n ãâã_d be_v strange_a and_o grievous_a to_o behold_v this_o unnatural_a âivil_a war_n and_o the_o more_o grievous_a now_o by_o reason_n ââat_v it_o so_o manifest_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o withstand_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a âho_fw-mi be_v extreme_o please_v with_o so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n to_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o they_o be_v too_o far_o enââged_v to_o consider_v of_o future_a inconvenience_n and_o a_o ââyal_a of_o war_n they_o must_v have_v though_o the_o englishâere_v âere_z ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o both_o army_n the_o battle_n âeing_v join_v the_o day_n prove_v bloody_a of_o both_o side_n ând_v whether_o be_v like_a to_o conquer_v be_v not_o present_o discover_v till_o at_o length_n owen_n begin_v to_o give_v âround_n and_o in_o fine_a be_v overthrow_v himself_o and_o his_o ârother_n david_n be_v take_v prisoner_n lhewelyn_n ââough_o he_o have_v sufficient_a reason_n will_v not_o put_v his_o ârothers_n to_o death_n but_o commit_v they_o into_o close_a prison_n seize_v all_o their_o estate_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n ând_v so_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a principality_n of_o wales_n the_o english_a see_v the_o welsh_a at_o this_o rate_n oppress_v ând_n destroy_v one_o another_o think_v they_o have_v full_a liberty_n to_o deal_v with_o they_o as_o they_o please_v and_o thereupon_o begin_v to_o exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o wrong_n and_o injustice_n against_o they_o insomuch_o that_o the_o next_o year_n all_o a.d._n 1256_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n come_v in_o a_o body_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o declare_v their_o grievance_n how_o unmerciful_o prince_n edward_n who_o his_o father_n have_v send_v to_o wales_n and_z other_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n deal_n with_o they_o how_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o justice_n they_o seize_v upon_o their_o estate_n without_o any_o room_n for_o appeal_n whereas_o if_o themselves_o offend_v in_o the_o least_o they_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n in_o fine_a they_o solemn_o declare_v that_o they_o prefer_v to_o die_v honourable_o in_o the_o field_n before_o to_o be_v so_o unmerciful_o enslave_v to_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o stranger_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v not_o a_o stranger_n to_o all_o this_o and_o now_o have_v happy_o discover_v the_o bent_n and_o inclination_n of_o his_o subject_n be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v if_o possible_a the_o expulsion_n of_o
the_o english_a and_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o they_o for_o their_o most_o cruel_a and_o almost_o inhuman_a practice_n towards_o the_o welsh_a have_v therefore_o draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o be_v accompany_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n gryc_a in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o week_n he_o recover_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a all_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n and_o then_o all_o merionyth_n with_o such_o land_n as_o prince_n edward_n have_v usurp_v in_o cardigan_n which_o he_o bestow_v upon_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi have_v also_o force_v rhys_n fychan_n out_o of_o buelht_n he_o confer_v it_o upon_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n bestow_v all_o the_o land_n which_o he_o recover_v between_o his_o noble_n reserve_v nothing_o to_o his_o own_o use_n beside_o gwerthryneon_n the_o a.d._n 1257_o estate_n of_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n the_o next_o summer_n he_o enter_v into_o powy_n and_o make_v war_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n who_o always_o have_v take_v part_n with_o and_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o he_o total_o overcome_v except_v the_o castle_n of_o poole_n some_o small_a part_n of_o caerneon_n and_o the_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o severn_n but_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o buelht_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v ro_o recover_v it_o to_o which_o end_n he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v a_o very_a strong_a army_n command_v by_o one_o stephen_n bacon_n which_o be_v send_v by_o sea_n land_v at_o caermardhyn_n in_o the_o whitsun-week_n from_o thence_o the_o english_a march_v to_o dynefawr_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o valiant_o hold_v out_o until_o lhewelyn_n army_n come_v to_o its_o relief_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o english_a decamp_v from_o before_o the_o castle_n and_o put_v themselves_o in_o posture_n of_o battle_n which_o the_o welsh_a perceive_v they_o make_v all_o haste_n to_o answer_v and_o oppose_v they_o whereupon_o there_o ensue_v a_o very_a terrible_a engagement_n which_o last_v a_o very_a long_a while_n this_o be_v for_o number_n of_o man_n the_o great_a battle_n that_o have_v be_v fight_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a but_o the_o victory_n favour_v the_o welsh_a the_o englishman_n be_v at_o length_n force_v to_o fly_v have_v lose_v above_o two_o thousand_o man_n beside_o several_a baron_n and_o knight_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n after_o this_o the_o prince_n army_n pass_v to_o dyfed_a where_o have_v burn_v all_o the_o country_n and_o destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o abercorran_n lhanstephan_n maenclochoc_n and_o arberth_n with_o all_o the_o town_n thereunto_o belong_v return_v to_o north-wales_n with_o much_o spoil_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v arrive_v great_a complaint_n be_v exhibit_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n against_o jeffrey_n langley_n lieutenant_n to_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n most_o wrongful_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o wales_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n to_o punish_v the_o master_n for_o the_o servant_n fault_n enter_v with_o some_o part_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o earl_n estate_n burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o his_o country_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o gate_n of_o chester_n edward_n have_v no_o power_n at_o present_a to_o oppose_v he_o but_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o welsh_a with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n he_o desire_v aid_n of_o his_o uncle_n than_o choose_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o send_v he_o a_o strong_a detachment_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o give_v prince_n lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o find_v he_o too_o strong_a he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o desist_v from_o hostility_n the_o prince_n army_n consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o experience_a man_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n rather_o all_o to_o die_v in_o the_o field_n than_o suffer_v the_o english_a to_o gain_v any_o advantage_n over_o the_o welsh_a but_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n lord_n of_o dinas_n brân_n a_o person_n of_o notorious_a reputation_n for_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n base_o forsake_v the_o welch_a his_o countryman_n and_o with_o all_o his_o force_n go_v over_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n a.d._n 1258_o the_o next_o year_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pass_v to_o south-wales_n and_o seize_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o land_n of_o cemaes_n and_o have_v reconcile_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o rhys_n gryg_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o trefdraeth_n with_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o rhos_n except_v haverford_n thence_o he_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n towards_o glamorgan_n and_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o castle_n of_o lhangymwch_n and_o then_o return_v to_o north-wales_n he_o meet_v by_o the_o way_n with_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o he_o force_v precipitous_o to_o return_v back_o but_o before_o he_o will_v put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o expedition_n he_o must_v needs_o be_v revenge_v upon_o that_o ungrateful_a fugitive_a gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n and_o thereupon_o pass_v through_o bromfield_n he_o miserable_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a country_n upon_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n send_v to_o lhewelyn_n require_v he_o to_o cease_v from_o hostility_n and_o after_o that_o unmerciful_a manner_n to_o devour_v and_o forcible_o to_o take_v away_o other_o man_n estate_n the_o prince_n be_v not_o over_o solicitous_a to_o hearken_v to_o their_o request_n but_o find_v the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n very_o seasonable_a for_o action_n against_o the_o english_a he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battle_n each_o of_o these_o consist_v of_o 1500_o foot_n and_o 500_o horse_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o enlarge_v his_o conquest_n edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n to_o prevent_v the_o blow_n which_o so_o desperate_o hang_v over_o his_o head_n send_v over_o for_o succour_n from_o ireland_n of_o who_o come_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v certify_v man_v out_o a_o fleet_n to_o intercept_v they_o which_o meet_v with_o the_o irish_a at_o sea_n after_o a_o sharp_a dispute_n force_v they_o to_o return_v back_o with_o loss_n king_n henry_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o irish_a resolve_v to_o come_v in_o person_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o have_v draw_v together_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o england_n even_o from_o st._n michael_n mount_n in_o cornwall_n to_o the_o river_n tweed_n march_v with_o his_o son_n edward_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n to_o north-wales_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n advance_v as_o far_o as_o teganwy_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v stop_v his_o far_a progress_n and_o prevent_v any_o long_a stay_n he_o can_v make_v in_o wales_n have_v before_o hand_n cause_v all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o forage_v to_o be_v carry_v over_o the_o river_n and_o then_o secure_v the_o strait_a and_o narrow_a passage_n whereby_o the_o english_a may_v get_v on_o far_a into_o the_o country_n the_o army_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n so_o mortal_o fatigue_v that_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_a subsistance_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v in_o haste_n to_o england_n with_o considerable_a loss_n the_o prince_n after_o that_o send_n for_o all_o the_o force_n in_o south-wales_n come_v to_o the_o march_n where_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v his_o estate_n yield_v himself_o up_o and_o then_o pass_v to_o powy_n he_o banish_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n and_o take_v all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o country_n into_o his_o hand_n proceed_v far_o he_o be_v encounter_v with_o by_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o with_o a_o choice_a party_n of_o english_a give_v he_o battle_n but_o lhewelyn_n army_n exceed_v both_o in_o number_n and_o courage_n easy_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v the_o english_a and_o so_o the_o victory_n be_v quick_o obtain_v the_o prince_n present_o reduce_v to_o his_o power_n all_o the_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n henry_n hear_v of_o the_o earl_n overthrow_n be_v much_o concern_v at_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a soldier_n in_o who_o valour_n and_o experience_n he_o always_o put_v a_o very_a great_a confidence_n and_o therefore_o to_o revenge_v their_o death_n he_o be_v again_o resolve_v to_o march_v against_o the_o welsh_a have_v call_v his_o force_n together_o and_o receive_v supply_v from_o gascoign_n and_o ireland_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n but_o not_o dare_v to_o venture_v far_o into_o the_o country_n for_o fear_v of_o be_v force_v to_o make_v another_o shameful_a retreat_n he_o only_o destroy_v the_o corn_n near_o the_o border_n it_o be_v harvest_n
both_o of_o england_n and_o wales_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o the_o sad_a consequence_n of_o another_o war_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v prevent_v but_o by_o use_v we_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o former_a peace_n which_o for_o our_o part_n we_o will_v in_o no_o measure_n transgress_v but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o your_o counsel_n we_o hope_v that_o you_o will_v hâld_v we_o excuse_v if_o the_o nation_n be_v disquiet_v and_o trouble_v thereupon_o which_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v we_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v king_n edward_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o excuse_n noâ_n harken_v to_o any_o manner_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o case_n but_o be_v unmerciful_o enrage_v and_o conceive_v a_o unpardonable_a displeasure_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o yet_o he_o think_v convenient_a to_o conceal_v and_o dissemble_v for_o a_o time_n indeed_o he_o can_v never_o abide_v lhewelyn_n âânce_v the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o âight_n by_o he_o at_o the_o march_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a cause_n âf_a king_n edward_n anger_n original_o proceed_v from_o ãâã_d point_n of_o honour_n which_o this_o refusal_n of_o homage_n âârved_v sufficient_o to_o increase_v but_o to_o prosecute_v his_o revenge_n which_o upon_o this_o score_n be_v in_o prince_n very_o âerce_a and_o unforgetful_a in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o come_v to_o âhester_n mean_v to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o he_o can_v âot_n obtain_v by_o fair_a mean_n from_o hence_o he_o send_v to_o ââe_z prince_n of_o wales_n require_v he_o to_o come_v over_o and_o ãâã_d he_o homage_n which_o lhewelyn_n either_o absolute_o reââsing_v or_o willing_o detract_n to_o do_v king_n edwardâade_v âade_z ready_a his_o army_n to_o force_v he_o to_o it_o but_o there_o a.d._n 1277_o ââppened_v a_o accident_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o ârince_n lhewelyn_n stubborness_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o countess_n of_o leicester_n the_o widow_n of_o simon_n montfortâho_n âho_z live_v at_o montargis_n a_o nunnery_n in_o france_n send_v over_o ãâã_d wales_n her_o daughter_n the_o lady_n eleanor_n who_o âhewelyn_n extreme_o love_v with_o her_o brother_n aemeâke_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o her_o father_n earl_n montfort_n time_n âut_fw-la aemerike_n fear_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o ângland_n steer_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o island_n of_o scilly_a where_o by_o the_o way_n they_o be_v all_o take_v by_o four_o bristol_n ship_n and_o bring_v to_o king_n edward_n who_o receive_v the_o lady_n very_o honourable_o but_o commit_v her_o ââother_n prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o coff_n whence_o he_o be_v afterwards_o remove_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o shirburne_n the_o âing_n have_v obtain_v this_o unexpected_a advantage_n over_o âhewelyn_n begin_v bold_o to_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o so_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battalion_n lead_v one_o himself_o ââto_o north-wales_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o ruthlan_n where_o he_o strong_o fortify_v the_o castle_n the_o other_o he_o ommit_v to_o paganus_fw-la de_fw-la camurtiis_fw-la a_o great_a soldier_n âho_n enter_v into_o west-wales_n burn_v and_o destroy_v ãâã_d great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n but_o the_o people_n of_o south-wales_n fear_v that_o his_o next_o expedition_n be_v level_v âgainst_a they_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o âing_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n and_o then_o deliver_v â_z castle_n of_o ystratywy_a to_o paganus_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n hear_v of_o this_o and_o find_v his_o own_o subject_n to_o forsake_v he_o but_o more_o especial_o be_v desirous_a to_o recover_v his_o espouse_v the_o lady_n eleanor_n think_v it_o likewise_o advisable_v to_o submit_v and_o therefore_o sue_v to_o king_n edward_n for_o a_o peace_n who_o grant_v it_o but_o upon_o very_o severe_a condition_n upon_o lhewelyns_n side_n the_o agreement_n consist_v of_o ten_o article_n which_o be_v 1._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v set_v at_o liberty_n all_o manner_n of_o prisoner_n that_o upon_o the_o king_n account_n be_v detain_v in_o custody_n 2._o that_o for_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o good_a will_n he_o shall_v pay_v 50000_o mark_n to_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n 3._o that_o these_o four_o cantred_n or_o hundred_o viz._n cantref_n ros_n where_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o teganwy_n stand_v ryfonioc_n where_o denbigh_n tegengl_n where_o ruthlan_n dyffryn_n clwyd_n where_o rhuthyn_n stand_v shall_v remain_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n 4._o that_o the_o lord_n marcher_n shall_v quiet_o enjoy_v all_o the_o land_n they_o have_v conquer_v within_o wales_n except_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v whole_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n 5._o that_o in_o consideration_n of_o this_o island_n the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v 5000_o mark_n in_o hand_n with_o the_o reserve_n of_o a_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a to_o begin_v at_o michaelmas_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o whole_a island_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n 6._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v come_v every_o year_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v his_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o all_o his_o land_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n except_v five_o in_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o 8._o that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n shall_v remain_v only_o for_o his_o life_n and_o not_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o five_o lord_n of_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n only_o from_o the_o king_n 9_o that_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o article_n the_o prince_n shall_v deliver_v up_o for_o hostage_n ten_o person_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n in_o the_o country_n without_o imprison_v disinherit_n and_o any_o time_n of_o redemption_n determine_v and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v choose_v twenty_o person_n within_o north-wales_n who_o beside_o the_o prince_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n shall_v swerve_v and_o recede_v from_o they_o and_o upon_o admonition_n âhereof_o not_o repent_v they_o shall_v forsake_v he_o and_o become_v his_o enemy_n 10._o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o âuffer_v his_o brethren_n quiet_o to_o enjoy_v their_o land_n in_o wales_n whereof_o david_n for_o his_o service_n be_v dub_v knight_n by_o the_o king_n and_o have_v the_o earl_n of_o derby_n widow_n give_v he_o in_o matrimony_n and_o with_o she_o as_o ãâã_d portion_n the_o castle_n of_o denbigh_n in_o north-wales_n beâides_v a_o 1000_o pound_n in_o land_n his_o other_o brother_n roderic_n be_v late_o escape_v out_o of_o prison_n into_o england_n ând_v the_o young_a call_v owen_n be_v upon_o his_o composition_n deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n king_n edward_n have_v impose_v these_o severe_a and_o unmerciful_a condition_n upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o for_o a_o better_a security_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberystwyth_n return_v very_o honourable_o into_o england_n upon_o who_o arrival_n the_o people_n willing_o grant_v he_o a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n towards_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o war._n but_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submit_v to_o these_o intolerable_a condition_n more_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o amour_n and_o to_o regain_v the_o lady_n eleanora_n out_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hand_n than_o that_o he_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o any_o considerable_a danger_n he_o may_v receive_v by_o the_o english_a troop_n for_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o a_o prince_n of_o such_o notorious_a conduct_n and_o valour_n will_v so_o easy_o accept_v of_o such_o hard_a term_n and_o in_o a_o measure_n deliver_v up_o his_o principality_n when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n so_o to_o do_v without_o resist_v a_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v frequent_o overcome_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v back_o with_o great_a inequality_n than_o the_o english_a have_v at_o present_a over_o he_o but_o the_o force_n of_o âove_n work_v wonder_n and_o in_o this_o case_n prove_v moât_n irresistible_a which_o to_o obtain_v lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v hard_a to_o forfeit_v his_o proper_a right_n to_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o for_o ever_o to_o exclude_v his_o posterity_n from_o succeed_v in_o their_o lawful_a inheritance_n the_o next_o year_n a.d._n 1273_o therefore_o he_o have_v his_o wish_n accomplish_v and_o be_v marry_v to_o eleanora_n at_o worcester_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o england_n honour_v the_o wedding_n with_o their_o presence_n but_o this_o specious_a amity_n and_o the_o peace_n laââ_n conclude_v betwixt_o they_o
his_o death_n more_o lament_v by_o the_o english_a nation_n who_o have_v he_o live_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o helm_n no_o one_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v exceed_v as_o to_o all_o qualification_n the_o most_o glorious_a renown_n of_o the_o great_a of_o his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o live_v sir_n tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n descend_v lineal_o from_o ednyfed_a vaughan_n a_o person_n as_o to_o estate_n power_n and_o interest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o north_n wales_n upon_o some_o motive_n either_o of_o ambition_n or_o fancy_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n require_v all_o people_n to_o call_v and_o style_v he_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n as_o if_o he_o do_v prognosticate_v and_o foresee_v that_o out_o of_o his_o loin_n shall_v arise_v those_o that_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o confer_v that_o honor._n king_n edward_n be_v inform_v of_o such_o unparalleled_a presumption_n send_v for_o sir_n tudor_n and_o ask_v he_o with_o what_o confidence_n he_o dare_v invade_v his_o prerogative_n by_o assume_v the_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n without_o his_o authority_n sir_n tudor_n reply_v that_o by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o king_n arthur_n he_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o take_v upon_o himself_o that_o title_n in_o regard_n he_o have_v those_o three_o qualification_n which_o whosoever_o be_v endue_v with_o can_v by_o those_o law_n claim_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o knight_n 1._o he_o be_v a_o gentleman_n 2._o he_o have_v a_o sufficient_a estate_n and_o 3._o he_o be_v valiant_a and_o adventurous_a add_v this_o withal_o if_o my_o valour_n and_o hardiness_n be_v doubt_v of_o lo_o here_o i_o throw_v down_o my_o glove_n and_o for_o due_a proof_n of_o my_o courage_n i_o be_o ready_a to_o fight_v with_o any_o man_n whatever_o he_o be_v the_o king_n appprove_v and_o like_v well_o the_o man_n forwardness_n and_o resolution_n be_v easy_o persuade_v to_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o he_o from_o this_o sir_n tudor_n lineal_o descend_v henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o edmund_n earl_n of_o richmond_n the_o son_n of_o sir_n owen_n tudor_n son_n to_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o this_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gono_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o black_a prince_n his_o son_n richard_z bear_v at_o bourdeaux_n in_o france_n be_v but_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n at_o havering_n at_o bower_n on_o the_o 20_o day_n of_o november_n and_o in_o the_o a.d._n 1377_o 50th_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o his_o grandfather_n reign_n who_o he_o succeed_v in_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n henry_n bear_v at_o monmouth_n son_n and_o heir_n to_o henry_n the_o four_o king_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o 15_o of_o october_n in_o the_o one_a year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n at_o westminster_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o english_a crown_n by_o 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llwyr_n y_fw-fr rhoes_fw-fr diawl_n haw_v hwyl_n flîn_fw-fr y_fw-fr faith_n ystâd_v ei_fw-la fys_fw-fr in_o the_o dîn._n but_o glyndyfwr_n receive_v information_n how_o that_o sir_n david_n gam_n contrary_a to_o the_o promise_v he_o have_v make_v at_o his_o releasement_n endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o destroy_v his_o interest_n among_o the_o welsh_a enter_v the_o march_n and_o among_o other_o token_n of_o his_o indignation_n burn_v the_o house_n of_o sir_n david_n and_o as_o the_o report_n go_v call_v to_o he_o one_o of_o sir_n david_n tenant_n speak_v to_o he_o thus_o merry_o in_o verse_n o_o gweli_fw-it di_fw-it wr_fw-mi côch_fw-mi cam_n yn_n ymofyn_n y_fw-fr girnigwen_n dyw_v ei_fw-la bôd_a hi_o tan_o y_fw-mi lan_n a_o nôd_n y_fw-fr glow_n be_v ei_fw-la phenn_n but_o sir_n david_n have_v the_o luck_n to_o escape_v his_o reach_n and_o be_v constrain_v to_o retire_v to_o england_n where_o he_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o court_n till_o the_o death_n of_o glyndyfwr_n 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his_o brother_n richard_n the_o crouchback_a run_v he_o into_o the_o heart_n with_o his_o dagget_n edward_n bear_v in_o the_o sanctuary_n at_o westminster_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o be_v after_o his_o father_n expulsion_n out_o of_o england_n in_o the_o forty_o nine_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o earl_n of_o chester_n in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o this_o young_a prince_n be_v then_o at_o ludlow_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n be_v present_o send_v for_o to_o london_n and_o proclaim_v king_n of_o england_n but_o never_o live_v to_o be_v crown_v for_o his_o uncle_n richard_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v appoint_v his_o protector_n most_o vilainous_o make_v he_o away_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o afterward_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v and_o crown_v king_n edward_n the_o four_o in_o his_o war_n against_o henry_n the_o six_o be_v very_o much_o assist_v by_o the_o welsh_a in_o recompense_n of_o which_o service_n he_o design_v to_o reform_v matter_n so_o in_o wales_n as_o that_o intolerable_a oppression_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o endure_v shall_v be_v regulate_v and_o take_v off_o and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o mean_v to_o establish_v a_o court_n within_o the_o say_a principality_n and_o constitute_v john_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n precedent_n of_o the_o prince_n council_n in_o the_o march_n who_o together_o with_o anthony_n earl_n of_o rivers_n sit_v in_o the_o town-hall_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o constitute_v certain_a ordinance_n for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o that_o place_n but_o the_o matter_n proceed_v no_o far_o for_o the_o trouble_n and_o disquietness_n of_o his_o kingdom_n come_v heavy_a upon_o he_o and_o the_o shortness_n of_o his_o reign_n after_o his_o establishment_n not_o permit_v he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v that_o to_o other_o 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richard_z crofts_n sir_n david_n philip_n sir_n william_n vdal_n sir_n thomas_n englefield_n sir_n peter_n newton_n and_o other_o to_o be_v his_o counsellor_n and_o director_n in_o his_o management_n of_o affair_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v not_o continue_v long_o there_o but_o he_o fall_v sick_a at_o his_o castle_n at_o ludlow_n of_o which_o indisposition_n he_o short_o after_o dye_v and_o be_v bury_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o worcester_n but_o the_o create_v of_o his_o brother_n henry_n duke_n of_o york_n prince_n of_o wales_n in_o his_o stead_n be_v defer_v for_o about_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n to_o discover_v whether_o the_o lady_n katherine_n be_v get_v with_o child_n by_o prince_n arthur_n but_o when_o it_o appear_v for_o certain_a she_o have_v not_o conceive_v on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o february_n in_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o his_o father_n king_n
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quasi_fw-la totaliter_fw-la sit_fw-la deleta_fw-la sic_fw-la certe_fw-la aliter_fw-la flagellat_n dominus_fw-la filios_fw-la quos_fw-la recipit_fw-la &_o aliter_fw-la quos_fw-la decernit_fw-la ut_fw-la arbores_fw-la steriles_fw-la extirpare_fw-la ista_fw-la vobis_fw-la scribimus_fw-la in_o cordis_fw-la amaritudine_fw-la ab_fw-la his_fw-la partibus_fw-la recedentes_fw-la nec_fw-la prenidicare_fw-la intendimus_fw-la salubriori_fw-la consilio_fw-la si_fw-la vobis_fw-la coelitus_fw-la destinetur_fw-la nec_fw-la latere_fw-la vos_fw-la volumus_fw-la quod_fw-la nullum_fw-la per_fw-la vos_fw-la invenimus_fw-la excusationis_fw-la sufficiens_fw-la remedium_fw-la quo_fw-la obstante_fw-la minime_fw-la debeatis_fw-la in_o excors_fw-la irnam_n incidisse_fw-la pernuntiari_fw-la dudum_fw-la latet_fw-la in_o oxon_n consilio_fw-la contra_fw-la pacis_fw-la regiae_fw-la turbatores_fw-la viam_fw-la autem_fw-la pacis_fw-la aliam_fw-la invenire_fw-la non_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la adhuc_fw-la in_o 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familiam_fw-la domini_fw-la cadmundi_fw-la de_fw-la mortuo_fw-la mari_fw-fr silij_fw-la domini_fw-la rogeri_n de_fw-la mortuo_fw-la mari_fw-fr &_o totus_fw-la exercitus_fw-la suus_fw-la vel_fw-la occisus_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o fugam_fw-la conversus_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la montis_fw-la gomerici_fw-la die_fw-la veneris_fw-la proximo_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la s._n lucae_n videlicet_fw-la 3._o id._n decemb._n sub_fw-la anno_fw-la dom._n 1282._o in_o decima_fw-la litera_fw-la dominicali_fw-la d._n currente_n a_o table_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o book_n a._n aberffraw_n destroy_v by_o the_o irish_a page_z 57_o adelred_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a vanquish_v by_o the_o britain_n 15._o adelred_n marry_v emma_n daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o 70._o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o marriage_n 71._o fly_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n into_o normandy_n 75._o return_v ibid._n his_o death_n 78._o aedan_n ap_fw-mi blegorad_v have_v slay_v his_o competitor_n conan_n be_v proclaim_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 69._o be_v slay_v with_o his_o four_o son_n in_o battle_n 79._o alan_n the_o second_o king_n of_o little_a britain_n assist_v cadwallader_n 9_o advise_v he_o to_o obey_v the_o vision_n 11._o alfred_n king_n a_o encourager_n of_o learning_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o vniversiity_n of_o oxford_n 32._o rout_n the_o dane_n ibid._n make_v they_o forswear_v the_o sight_n of_o english_a ground_n 33._o he_o cause_v the_o law_n of_o dyfnwal_n moelmut_n and_o queen_n marsia_n to_o be_v translate_v into_o english_a etc._n etc._n 43._o alfred_n propose_v to_o be_v send_v for_o to_o be_v king_n over_o the_o english_a 85._o oppose_v by_o earl_n goodwin_n 68_o have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o ibid._n anarawd_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n succeed_v his_o father_n rodri_n 37._o die_v his_o issue_n 45._o anglesey_n destroy_v by_o the_o man_n of_o dublin_n 46._o ravage_v by_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n but_o all_o his_o man_n be_v cut_v off_o 175._o arthur_n king_n of_o britain_n his_o sepulchre_n find_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n 206._o the_o inscription_n upon_o it_o 207._o arthur_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_z dies_z at_o ludlow_n 324._o athelstane_n though_o a_o bastard_n the_o worthy_a prince_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n 48._o his_o victory_n over_o the_o dane_n scot_n and_o norman_n ibid._n remove_v the_o britain_n to_o cornwall_n die_n 49._o aulase_v and_o all_o his_o dane_n receive_v baptism_n 49._o swears_n never_o to_o molest_v england_n 66._o b._n baldwin_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o first_o that_o make_v his_o visitation_n in_o wales_n 208._o bede_n his_o education_n and_o write_n 16._o bible_n how_o when_o and_o by_o who_o translate_v into_o welch_n 326._o blethyn_n and_o rhywalhon_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n assist_v edric_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 101._o a_o rebellion_n form_v against_o they_o by_o meredith_n and_o ithel_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ibid._n battle_n wherein_o rhywalhon_n and_o ithel_n be_v slay_v blethyn_n murder_v rich._n 104._o britain_n how_o and_o when_o forsake_v by_o the_o roman_a force_n 1._o invade_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n ibid._n britain_n their_o sad_a complaint_n to_o aetius_n thrice_o consul_n 2._o the_o reason_n of_o their_o weakness_n 3_o and_o 4._o their_o message_n to_o the_o saxon_n 5._o the_o britain_n of_o stratclwyd_n and_o cumberland_n settle_v in_o north-wales_n 38._o brochwel_o once_o prince_n of_o powy_n a_o great_a defender_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n 23._o bruce_n de_fw-fr william_n lord_n of_o brecknock_n under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n barbarous_o murder_v sitsylht_v ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n his_o son_n and_o follower_n 204._o bruce_n sir_n edward_n his_o letter_n to_o sir_n griffydh_n llwyd_n 312_o and_o 313._o c._n cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n die_v his_o issue_n 44._o cadelh_n take_v caermardhyn_n and_o beat_v the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n 165._o like_a to_o be_v murder_v 170._o go_v upon_o pilgrimage_n 171._o cadwgan_n murder_v by_o madawc_n 138._o cadwallader_n the_o last_o king_n of_o britain_n of_o
the_o british_a race_n 8._o retire_v to_o alan_n king_n of_o little_a britain_n ibid._n learned_a in_o a_o vision_n to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o there_o shear_v a_o monk_n 10._o cadwallader_n with_o his_o brother_n owen_n gwynedh_n from_o north-wales_n in_o conjunction_n with_o several_a south_n wales_n lord_n make_v a_o horrible_a slaughter_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o south-wales_n 157_o 158._o cadwallader_n force_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o brother_n owen_n to_o ireland_n 163._o return_v with_o irish_a force_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o his_o brother_n make_v prisoner_n by_o the_o irish_a rescue_v by_o his_o brother_n 164._o escapes_n out_o of_o prison_n 171._o fly_n to_o england_n ibid._n his_o death_n and_o issue_n 200._o canterbury_n redeem_v by_o the_o citizen_n from_o be_v burn_v by_o the_o dane_n for_o 3000_o l._n 73._o betray_v afterward_o to_o they_o and_o burn_v 74._o caradoc_n king_n of_o north-wales_n fight_v and_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o saxon_n 21._o his_o pedigree_n ibid._n celibacy_n enjoin_v to_o the_o clergy_n in_o a_o synod_n hold_v at_o london_n 127._o christian_n faith_n pure_a in_o the_o british_a church_n 221._o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 328._o charles_n elder_a son_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 328._o civil_a war_n in_o wales_n and_o edwal_n son_n of_o meyric_n the_o indisputable_a heir_n set_v up_o in_o north-wales_n 67._o clare_n earl_n of_o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a stronghold_n in_o cardigan_n 177._o clynnoc_n fawr_fw-mi a_o abbey_n in_o arfon_n 11._o when_o and_o by_o who_o build_v 12._o endow_v by_o prince_n anarawd_n 39_o cnute_n the_o dane_n choose_v king_n and_o his_o cruelty_n to_o the_o english_a hostage_n 75._o return_v to_o england_n ibid._n the_o northumber_n submit_v to_o he_o 76._o besieges_n london_n be_v rout_v by_o edmund_n ibid._n combat_n edmund_n agree_v and_o divide_v england_n between_o they_o 78._o generous_o punish_v edmund_n ironside_n murder_n ibid._n marry_v emma_n edelred_n widow_n 80._o require_v a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o english_a ibid._n make_v a_o pompous_a journey_n to_o rome_n 82._o make_v the_o scot_n do_v he_o homage_n ibid._n die_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n harold_n harefoot_n 83._o conel_n prognosticate_a the_o norman_a invasion_n and_o success_n 100_o commotion_n in_o england_n 158._o conân_o war_n between_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n howel_n 22._o dies_z 23._o his_o pedigree_n ibid._n conspiracy_n against_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a detect_v and_o the_o conspirator_n execute_v 104._o constable_n walter_n marry_v nest_n daughter_n and_o have_v the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n 116._o a_o strange_a passage_n relate_v by_o he_o to_o henry_n the_o first_o concern_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ibid._n crogens_n use_v as_o a_o term_n of_o reproach_n by_o the_o english_a to_o the_o welsh_a 223._o no_o reason_n for_o it_o 224._o cynric_a prince_n owen_n son_n slay_v 162._o d._n dane_n begin_v to_o disturb_v england_n 20_o 21._o they_o prevail_v and_o winter_n in_o england_n 28._o they_o take_v and_o destroy_v winchester_n 30._o kill_v osbright_n and_o elba_n king_n of_o northumberland_n 31._o slay_v edmund_n king_n of_o the_o angle_n ibid._n fought_n five_o battle_n with_o ethelred_n ibid._n they_o win_v london_n and_o redding_n 33._o rout_v by_o the_o westsaxons_a 34._o be_v defeat_v by_o alfred_n and_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n 37._o they_o harrass_n north-wales_n 39_o defeat_v by_o the_o armorican_a britain_n ibid._n force_a to_o rise_v from_o before_o exeter_n and_o spoil_v the_o sea-coast_n of_o wales_n 41._o receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_v 42._o they_o grow_v powerful_a not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o also_o in_o ireland_n 44._o thrice_o overthrow_v by_o the_o english_a 45._o cruel_o overthrow_v by_o tottenhale_n 46._o rout_v by_o king_n edward_n 48._o drive_a out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o king_n edmund_n 52._o force_v the_o english_a to_o pay_v the_o dane-gelt_a 65._o make_v a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o wales_n and_o have_v tribute_n pay_v they_o 66._o make_v fresh_a devastation_n in_o wales_n and_o england_n 70._o they_o be_v massacre_v by_o the_o english_a 71._o force_v the_o english_a nobility_n to_o buy_v their_o peace_n for_o 30000_o l._n 72._o they_o beat_v wolfkettel_n 73._o slay_v ethelstan_n and_o ransack_v the_o country_n 74_o dafydh_n ab_fw-la owen_n kill_v his_o brother_n howel_n in_o battle_n and_o gâts_n to_o be_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 195._o secure_v âis_n brother_n maelgon_n reduce_v anglesey_n and_o banish_v his_o brethren_n 202._o send_v a_o band_n of_o welch_n to_o accompany_v king_n henry_n into_o normandy_n ibid._n be_v dispossess_v by_o his_o elder_a brother_n son_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n 213._o ungrateful_a to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n for_o his_o liberty_n 224._o dafydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n do_v homage_n at_o gloucester_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 259._o be_v excommunicate_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n for_o detain_v his_o brother_n gruffydh_n in_o prison_n who_o he_o refuse_v to_o deliver_v at_o the_o king_n request_n 260._o submit_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 262._o carol_n the_o king_n to_o detain_v his_o brother_n gruffydh_n prisoner_n ibid._n engage_v the_o pope_n on_o his_o side_n against_o the_o king_n but_o he_o prove_v false_a 264._o fight_v the_o english_a often_o with_o various_a success_n ibid._n die_v without_o issue_n 268._o david_n st._n burn_v by_o the_o westsaxons_a 21._o destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n 45._o again_o by_o the_o dane_n 69._o destroy_v by_o stranger_n 107._o the_o cathedral_n sacrilegious_o rob_v 111._o make_a subject_n to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n 125._o dunstan_n st._n bishop_n of_o canterbury_n his_o prediction_n and_o death_n 61._o e._n easter_n the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n quarrel_n about_o the_o observation_n of_o it_o 18_o 19_o edgar_z advance_v to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o his_o brother_n edwin_n room_n 56._o he_o waste_v north-wales_n and_o agree_v for_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n ibid._n regulate_v drink_v vessel_n because_o of_o the_o dane_n excess_n 57_o row_v in_o his_o barge_n by_o six_o king_n on_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi 59_o edgar_z edeling_o proclaim_v king_n force_v into_o scotland_n 101._o receive_v to_o king_n william_n mercy_n 103._o edmund_n king_n of_o england_n death_n and_o the_o uncertain_a manner_n of_o it_o 53._o edmund_n ironside_n slay_v by_o edric_n son_n 78._o edwal_n foel_n and_o his_o brother_n elis_n fight_v the_o english_a and_o be_v slay_v 49._o their_o issue_n ibid._n edward_n send_v for_o from_o normandy_n and_o make_v king_n 86_o the_o confessor_n death_n 98._o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n invade_v wales_n and_o prevail_v 283._o insist_o upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submission_n without_o reserve_n 292._o set_v prince_n lhewelyn_n head_n upon_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o put_v his_o brother_n david_n to_o death_n 299._o subdue_v all_o wales_n ibid._n keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o aberconwey_a 307._o in_o necessity_n will_v taste_v no_o wine_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o soldier_n 308._o cut_v down_o all_o the_o wood_n in_o wales_n and_o build_v beumaris-castle_n 309._o edward_n of_o caernarvon_n first_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a blood_n 301._o receive_a homage_n at_o chester_n of_o all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o wales_n 310._o go_v far_o into_o the_o country_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n ibid._n edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n ii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 313._o edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n iii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 313_o his_o character_n and_o death_n 314._o edward_n son_n to_o henry_n vi_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 323._o murder_v ibid._n edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n vi_o create_a prince_n of_o walts_n murder_v 223._o edward_n vi_o incline_v to_o favour_v the_o welsh_a 323._o edward_n son_n to_o richard_n iii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 324._o edward_n son_n to_o henry_n viii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 325._o edwin_n king_n of_o england_n vicious_a dispossess_v and_o die_v 56._o egbert_n sole_a monarch_n in_o britain_n 25._o call_v the_o country_n england_n ibid._n he_o fight_v the_o dane_n 26._o eincon_n invite_v the_o norman_n into_o wales_n and_o persuade_v they_o to_o stay_v 112_o elfleda_n mercian_n queen_n her_o valiant_a act_n both_o against_o the_o dane_n and_o welch_n 46._o her_o death_n 47._o leave_v a_o daughter_n alfwyden_n disinherit_v by_o king_n edward_n ibid._n ethelwulph_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a pay_v peterpence_n to_o rome_n 29._o learned_a and_o devout_a ibid._n eye_n of_o several_a pluck_v out_o a_o barbarous_a custom_n 155._o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n invade_v wales_n 16._o in_o conjunction_n with_o adelred_n overthrow_v the_o britain_n ibid._n f._n flanders_n a_o part_n of_o it_o drown_v prejudicial_a to_o
the_o welsh_a 128._o flemings_n settle_v in_o part_n of_o wales_n 128._o g._n gallio_n rout_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n 2._o build_v a_o wall_n across_o the_o land_n ibid._n gam_n sir_n david_n imprison_v by_o owen_n glyndyfwr_n and_o release_v 321._o revolt_v from_o owen_n ibid._n his_o answer_n in_o france_n to_o henry_n v._o concern_v the_o french_a army_n mortal_o wound_v at_o agincourt_n knight_v and_o die_v 322._o gavelkind_a that_o custom_n in_o wales_n 22._o geoffrey_n of_o monmouth_n make_v bishop_n of_o st._n david_n 171._o glamorgan_n lordship_n describe_v 314._o the_o best_a of_o it_o fitzhamon_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o norman_n keep_v to_o himself_o 115._o godwyn_n earl_n rebel_n against_o king_n edward_n 89._o invade_v the_o land_n and_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 90._o dies_z sudden_o sit_v at_o the_o king_n table_n 91._o grace_n reginald_n lord_n of_o ruthyn_n take_v prisoner_n by_o owen_n glyndyfwr_n and_o ransom_v 316_o 317._o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n declare_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 84._o his_o country_n invade_v by_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n and_o rout_v by_o he_o 85._o reduce_v all_o wales_n under_o his_o subjection_n ibid._n rout_n howel_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n at_o pencader_n ibid._n take_a prisoner_n by_o the_o irish_a under_o the_o command_n of_o jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n and_o recover_v by_o his_o own_o man_n 87._o overcome_v and_o slay_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhyderch_n and_o his_o army_n etc._n etc._n ibid._n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o harold_n king_n edward_n general_n 94._o his_o palace_n at_o ruthlan_n burn_v by_o the_o english_a ibid._n prince_n gruffydh_n murder_v by_o harold_n contrivance_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v 30_o year_n 95._o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n confirm_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n 109._o refuse_v at_o first_o a_o accommodation_n with_o king_n henry_n at_o last_o sue_v and_o obtain_v peace_n 141._o caressed_a by_o the_o king_n and_o promise_v to_o deliver_v up_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n 143._o dies_fw-la 158._o his_o issue_n 159._o gruffydh_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n lay_v claim_v to_o south-wales_n 143._o fly_n to_o north-wales_n 143._o wish_a with_o his_o brother_n howel_n to_o withdraw_v into_o south-wales_n 144._o force_a to_o bid_v open_a defiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n ibid._n the_o fleming_n and_o welsh_a lord_n join_v together_o to_o oppose_v he_o 145._o he_o take_v caermardhyn_n 146._o invite_v to_o the_o government_n of_o cardiganshire_n ibid._n succeed_v 147._o war_n at_o aberystwyth_n 148._o invidious_o dispossess_v of_o his_o estate_n 154._o dies_z 158._o gruffydh_fw-mi son_n to_o the_o lord_n rhys_n succeed_v his_o father_n 116._o plague_v with_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n 219._o a_o hopeful_a prince_n dies_z 222._o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gwynedh_fw-mi bury_v in_o a_o monk_n cowl_n the_o superstition_n of_o it_o 221._o gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n david_n brother_n endeavour_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n break_v his_o neck_n 263._o his_o body_n recover_v and_o convey_v to_o conwey_n and_o honourable_o bury_v 270._o gruffydh_n llwyd_n knight_v by_o king_n edward_n i._o rebel_n 311._o treat_v with_o sir_n robert_n bruce_n for_o succour_n against_o the_o english_a with_o his_o letter_n to_o he_o ibid._n overruns_a north-wales_n and_o the_o march_n and_o be_v take_v prisoner_n 313._o gurmundus_fw-la a_o norwegian_a from_o ireland_n invade_v britain_n 7._o gwenwynwyn_n worsted_n by_o the_o english_a 218._o refuse_v homage_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n 222._o at_o last_o consent_n to_o it_o 223._o detain_v prisoner_n at_o shrewsbury_n 225._o set_a at_o liberty_n re-gain_n his_o country_n 228._o revolt_v from_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o be_v dispossess_v 242._o h._n harold_n succeed_v canute_n his_o brother_n in_o england_n 83._o dies_z and_o be_v succeed_v by_o hardi_n canute_n his_o brother_n 85._o harold_n favour_n with_o the_o king_n envy_v by_o his_o brother_n tosty_o who_o barbarous_o murder_v his_o man_n at_o his_o house_n in_o hereford_n and_o his_o say_v 7._o make_a king_n 98._o slay_a 100_o haste_v a_o dane_n invade_v france_n 40._o his_o policy_n to_o obtain_v limogis_n 41._o his_o cruelty_n ibid._n henry_n i._n his_o partiality_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o norman_n 127._o make_v his_o brother_n robert_n prisoner_n and_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n 128._o kind_a to_o cadwgan_n the_o father_n of_o owen_n 132_o invade_v wales_n with_o three_o army_n 140._o overcome_v the_o french_a king_n 151._o lose_a his_o child_n at_o sea_n and_o marry_v 152._o invade_v wales_n in_o danger_n ibid._n agree_v with_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o return_n 153._o his_o death_n and_o successor_n 156._o henry_n ii_o send_v the_o fleming_n into_o west-wales_n 173._o invite_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o wales_n ibid._n repulse_v and_o in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n 174._o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o prince_n owen_n 175._o quarrel_n and_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o france_n 187._o invade_v wales_n and_o bring_v prince_n rhys_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n 188._o invade_v wales_n again_o with_o a_o most_o potent_a army_n 190._o return_v without_o any_o thing_n memorable_a and_o for_o revenge_n put_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o hostage_n 191._o make_v a_o three_o expedition_n into_o wales_n to_o as_o little_a purpose_n ibid._n pass_n through_o wales_n receive_v homage_n of_o prince_n rhys_n in_o his_o way_n to_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n 198_o 199._o return_v through_o wales_n and_o incline_v to_o leave_v it_o in_o a_o peaceable_a condition_n 199_o 200._o engage_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n against_o his_o son_n henry_n 201._o make_v a_o peace_n with_o france_n and_o his_o child_n force_v to_o submit_v 202._o dies_z 209._o henry_n iii_o king_n of_o england_n invade_v wales_n and_o be_v worsted_n 251._o invade_v wales_n again_o 254._o make_v henry_n of_o mânmouth_n his_o general_n against_o the_o welsh_a but_o with_o in_o suââess_n 255_o lament_n the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n 256._o invade_v wales_n and_o make_v prince_n david_n to_o submit_v 261_o 2_o 2_o invade_v wales_n 263._o fight_v the_o welsh_a with_o no_o success_n and_o invite_v the_o irish_a into_o anglesey_n 265._o oppress_v wales_n and_o return_v dissatisfy_v 269_o 270._o item_n 274._o waste_v the_o border_n 275._o require_v a_o subsidy_n to_o subdue_v wales_n 276._o dies_fw-la 280._o henry_n elder_a son_n to_o henry_n iv_o create_v prince_n of_o w._n 318._o henry_n iv_o make_v unmerciful_a law_n against_o the_o welsh_a 319._o henry_n duke_n of_o york_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 324._o henry_n vii_o grant_v the_o welsh_v a_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o direct_v a_o commission_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o birth_n and_o quality_n of_o his_o grandfather_n owen_n tudor_n 325._o henry_n viii_o incorporate_v the_o welsh_a with_o the_o english_a 326._o henry_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n james_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 328._o howel_n dha_n prefer_v to_o be_v prince_n of_o all_o wales_n 50._o his_o law_n ibid._n go_v to_o rome_n to_o have_v they_o confirm_v 51._o his_o death_n and_o issue_n 53._o howel_n ap_fw-mi jevan_fw-mi expel_v his_o uncle_n jago_n and_o take_v the_o government_n of_o wales_n upon_o he_o â9_n at_o last_o agree_v 60._o kill_v edwal_n fychan_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o ibid._n overthrow_v the_o dane_n 61._o invade_v england_n and_o be_v slay_v 62._o he_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n cadwalhan_n who_o be_v quick_o slay_v 63._o howel_n and_o meredith_n prince_n lhewelyn_n murderer_n invite_v the_o irish_a scot_n into_o south-wales_n 82._o slay_v rhydderch_n and_o take_v the_o government_n 83._o meredith_n slay_v by_o the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n ibid._n howel_n attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o south-wales_n be_v overcome_v and_o slay_v by_o prince_n gruffydh_n near_o tywy-head_n 87._o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n drive_v out_o of_o rydcors_n castle_n by_o the_o norman_n 126._o base_o betray_v to_o they_o and_o murder_v 127._o howel_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi win_v the_o castle_n of_o ewyas_n 167._o with_o his_o brother_n conan_n quarrel_n with_o their_o uncle_n cadwallader_n besiege_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o cynfael_n from_o he_o 168._o make_v cadwallader_n his_o prisoner_n and_o possess_v his_o land_n ib._n he_o lose_v all_o his_o country_n to_o cadelh_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi who_o put_v the_o garrison_n of_o llanâhystyd_n to_o the_o sword_n 169._o i._o iago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n recover_v his_o right_n to_o north-wales_n 82._o slay_a in_o battle_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n 84._o ifor_n send_v into_o britain_n with_o a_o army_n by_o his_o father_n alan_n 13._o rout_n the_o saxon_n ibid._n marry_v ethelburga_n âentwyn's_n cousin_n and_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o west-saxon_a kingdom_n 14._o found_v glastenbury-abby_n ib._n dye_v at_o rome_n 15._o john_n archdeacon_n of_o llanbadarn_n die_v and_o be_v
canonize_v 160._o john_n k._n of_o england_n in_o his_o way_n to_o ireland_n through_o wales_n discharge_v a_o criminal_a that_o murder_v a_o priest_n 226._o famish_v will_n de_fw-fr bruce_n and_o maud_n his_o aunt_n at_o windsor_n after_o his_o return_n 227._o the_o reason_n of_o his_o cruelty_n and_o disaffection_n to_o priest_n ib._n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o wales_n and_o return_n without_o success_n 229_o 230._o make_v a_o second_o expedition_n ib._n order_n foulk_n viscount_n cardyff_fw-mi to_o subdue_v those_o that_o oppose_v in_o south-wales_n and_o they_o at_o last_o do_v he_o homage_n but_o quick_o revolt_v 231_o 232._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o wales_n 229._o make_v a_o second_o and_o three_o and_o hang_v the_o welsh_a pledge_n reconcile_v himself_o to_o rome_n and_o engage_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o his_o baron_n 237._o dies_z and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n henry_n 242._o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n revolt_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o salop_n 124._o base_o use_v by_o k._n henry_n for_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o 125._o deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n 133._o forbid_v owen_n and_o madawc_n to_o retire_v to_o his_o estate_n 134._o beset_v and_o slay_v by_o madawc_n and_o llywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahern_n 137._o joseph_n bishop_n of_o llandaff_n die_v at_o rome_n 88_o ireland_n molest_v with_o locust_n 42._o ithel_n king_n of_o gwent_n slay_v 28._o l._n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n make_v himself_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n 79._o his_o good_a government_n ib._n slay_v meuric_n that_o rebel_v against_o he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n 80._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 81._o base_o slay_v ibid._n lhewelyn_n p._n of_o north-wales_n take_v david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n prisoner_n 217._o receive_v homage_n of_o most_o of_o the_o welsh_a lord_n 222._o conquer_v gwenwynwyn_n country_n 225._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-w_n and_o maelgon_n flee_v 225_o 226._o marry_v joan_n king_n john_n daughter_n 224._o sue_v and_o obtain_v peace_n of_o the_o king_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o wife_n 231._o animate_v the_o lord_n of_o north-wales_n to_o join_v with_o he_o in_o a_o revolt_n against_o the_o king_n 233._o dispossess_v the_o english_a of_o all_o their_o hold_n in_o his_o country_n 237._o take_v shrewsbury_n though_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n 238._o subdue_v cardigan_n and_o carmarthen_n 240._o reconcile_v the_o âonds_n in_o south-wales_n 241._o subdue_v powis_n 242._o refuse_v assistance_n to_o king_n john_n against_o the_o dauphine_n ibid._n make_v rynald_n bruce_n who_o have_v revolt_v submit_v to_o he_o â43_n receive_v the_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o dyfed_a ibid._n subdue_v the_o revolt_a flemings_n again_o 246._o make_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n submit_v ibid._n complain_v of_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o young_a rhys_n adju_v matter_n with_o he_o 247._o seize_v the_o castle_n of_o william_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n in_o wales_n and_o occasion_n a_o war_n between_o they_o 247_o 248._o worst_n the_o english_a army_n pay_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 249._o destroy_v the_o march_n 252._o make_v a_o descent_n upon_o england_n 253._o be_v join_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n against_o king_n henry_n rout_v his_o army_n 254._o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o king_n territory_n 255._o make_v peace_n with_o the_o king_n 256._o set_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n at_o liberty_n ibid._n bury_v his_o princess_n joan_n 257._o force_a to_o quit_v the_o siege_n of_o ruthlan_n 258._o make_v the_o welsh_a do_v homage_n to_o his_o son_n david_n ibid._n die_n his_o character_n and_o issue_n â59_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi and_o owen_n gôch_v his_o brother_n declare_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 269._o quarrel_n and_o owen_n with_o his_o brother_n david_n make_v close_a prisoner_n 271._o recover_v the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o waste_v cheshire_n ibid._n beat_v the_o irish_a by_o sea_n 273._o desire_n peace_n with_o the_o king_n but_o fail_v 277._o kind_a to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n 278._o make_v a_o peace_n by_o the_o pope_n mediation_n with_o the_o king_n 279._o refuse_v to_o attend_v upon_o king_n edward_n coronation_n 280._o the_o reason_n for_o his_o refusal_n 281._o a_o accident_n make_v he_o pliable_a 283._o severe_a condition_n of_o peace_n impose_v upon_o he_o 284._o marry_a to_o elinor_n earl_n montfords_n daughter_n at_o worcester_n 285._o reconcile_v with_o his_o brother_n david_n and_o join_v against_o the_o english_a 286._o offer_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n conditional_o 292._o send_v a_o letter_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o general_a answer_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o his_o proposal_n 293_o 294_o 295._o betray_v in_o buellt_n and_o kill_v 297._o london_n besiege_v by_o the_o dane_n 65._o m._n mahael_n dispossess_v of_o his_o inheritance_n by_o his_o unnatural_a mother_n nest_n mean_n and_o how_o 115._o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n stick_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n 173._o madawc_n reconcile_v to_o king_n henry_n 138._o take_a prisoner_n by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 139._o have_v his_o eye_n pull_v out_o by_o owen_n ibid._n madawc_n ab_fw-la owen_n gwynedh_n sail_v into_o america_n 196._o plant_n a_o colony_n there_o ib._n maelgon_n disturb_v south-wales_n 228._o beat_v by_o his_o nephew_n rhys_n and_o owen_n 229._o march_v earl_n of_o marry_v owen_n glyndwr_n daughter_n 318._o consent_v by_o indenture_n to_o divide_v england_n between_o owen_n piercy_n and_o himself_o 318._o maud_n the_o empress_n land_n in_o england_n and_o be_v receive_v at_o arundel_n 162._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n possess_v of_o all_o wales_n 64._o dispossess_v of_o north-wales_n 67._o and_o rout_v by_o edwal_n ap_fw-mi meuric_n their_o new_a prince_n 68_o die_v without_o issue_n male_a 69._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n make_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n 96._o slay_a in_o battle_n against_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 102._o meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 171._o meredith_n death_n and_o character_n 172._o merfyn_n frych_a be_v make_v king_n of_o wales_n 24._o be_v slay_v 27._o merlin_n ambrose_n and_o sylvester_n their_o time_n country_n and_o prophecy_n 10_o 11._o morgan_z hên_o die_v a_o hundred_o year_n old_a his_o marriage_n estate_n and_o issue_v 58._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi owen_n kill_v robert_n fitz-gilbert_n and_o his_o son_n 157._o slay_v 175._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi cadogan_n repent_v of_o his_o murder_n commit_v 156._o murder_n commit_v 156._o item_n 163._o n._n newmarch_n a_o norman_a obtain_v the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n and_o marry_v nest_n daughter_n to_o llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 115._o norman_n twice_o decimate_v and_o put_v to_o death_n in_o england_n 86._o they_o waste_v and_o plunder_v dyfe_v 103._o they_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n 113._o the_o name_n of_o the_o adventurer_n ibid._n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o several_a lordship_n in_o wales_n 117._o divers_a of_o they_o slay_v in_o cardigan_n ibid._n rout_v again_o by_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o their_o castle_n destroy_v 118._o slaughter_v divers_a time_n by_o the_o welsh_a and_o force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n 119_o 120._o northumberland_n invade_v by_o the_o scot_n 109._o o._n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n make_v a_o ditch_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n 20._o his_o death_n 21._o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n a_o traitor_n to_o his_o country_n 121._o make_a prince_n of_o wales_n by_o the_o english_a but_o soon_o lose_v it_o 122._o his_o death_n and_o pedigree_n 126._o owen_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n enamour_v of_o nest_n the_o wife_n of_o gerald_n king_n henry_n lieutenant_n in_o wales_n 129._o steal_v she_o away_o ibid._n fly_v into_o ireland_n 135._o return_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n in_o conjunction_n with_o maradoc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n 133._o his_o man_n slay_v a_o english_a bishop_n the_o cause_n of_o cadwgan_n his_o father_n be_v dispossess_v of_o his_o estate_n 135._o force_v to_o flee_v into_o ireland_n with_o madawc_n ibid._n return_n and_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 138._o divide_v madawc's_o estate_n between_o himself_o and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n 139._o flee_v for_o fear_n of_o king_n henry_n into_o north-wales_n 140._o reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 141._o owen_n be_v brave_a and_o knight_v in_o normandy_n 142._o employ_v by_o king_n henry_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n 148._o slay_v by_o gerald_n 149._o owen_n gwynedh_n succeed_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 160._o mighty_o concern_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n run_v 165._o take_v and_o race_n the_o castle_n of_o mould_n 166._o pull_v out_o his_o nephew_n cunedah_n eye_n and_o castrate_v he_o 170._o be_v provoke_v invade_v llandhinam_n 193._o dies_fw-la his_o character_n and_o issue_n 194._o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o owen_n fychan_n dispossess_v jorwerth_n gôch_o of_o his_o estate_n in_o powis_n 192._o cyfeilioc_fw-la dies_fw-la