and told Seleucus that his Son's Distemper was Incurable How so said the King Because reply'd the Physician he is in love with my Wife Ah! said Seleucus to him I know you are more my Friend than to let my Son die and to hinder him from marrying your Wife Pray Sir replied Erasistratus were it your Case would you let him have yours Ay Ay said the King and all my Dominions to boot if his Life could not be saved without it Upon this the Physician unravelled the whole Mystery to him and told him in plain terms that Stratonice was the Person whom he so passionately lov'd Seleucus was as good as his Word called the People together and made a very pathetical Speech to them that they might not be surprized at such an unusual kind of Marriage For thô he had already a Son by his dear Stratonice yet he made no scruple to marry her to Antiochus his eldest Son and not a Man opposed it Thô this Complaisance was very irregular yet none can deny but Seleucus was a very great Prince He was killed by Ptolemy after he had reigned about 35 years 3668. 2. Antiochus Soter succeeded his Father and reigned about 12 years 282 3680. 3. Antiochus Theos the Son of Antiochus Soter and Stratonice reigned about 24 years His Sirname of Theos was given him by the Milesians because he had freed them from the Tyranny of Timarchus He was poisoned by Laodicea one of his Wives whom he had put away and afterwards recalled to Court 270 3704. 4. Seleucus Callinicus or Poron succeeded his Father and reigned about 20 years He died with a fall off his Horse This King aided by the Gauls engaged in a long War against Antiochus Hierax 246 3723. 5. Seleucus Seraunus succeeded his Father and reigned 3 years He was poisoned in Phrygia by his Lieutenant-Generals as he was marching to make War against Attalus 227 3726. 6. Antiochus the Great succeeded his Brother Seleucus being sent for from Babylon by the Aâ—my which was then encamped in Syria that so he might take Possession of the Kingdom He reigned about 36 years He was engaged in a War against several Nations First he waged War against Ptolemy Philopator King of Egypt was beat by him and sued for a Peace which Ptolemy very generously granted him Afterwards he carried on a War against the Romans by whom he was always worsted so that at last he was obliged to sue for a Peace This King likewise routed Malon received Hannibal invaded Greece and was defeated by Glabrio At last having his Treasures drained by these unsuccessful Wars to fill them up again he resolved upon rifling the Temple of Iupiter in Elimais but he was killed in the Attempt by the People of the Place Before his Death he nominated his Son Seleucus Philopator for his Successor 224 3763. 7. Seleucus Philopator succeeded his Father and reigned about 12 years He did little because the ill Successes of his Father against the Romans had exhausted his Kingdom This is that Seleucus mentioned in the Second Book of Maccabees where 't is said of him that because of the Respect which he bore to the High-Priest Onias he supplied the Temple with its necessary Sacrifices every year However Daniel stiles him Vilissimus indignus Decore Regio i. e. The basest and the worst of Men not worthy of the Royal Diadem 187 About the end of his Reign he was prevailed upon to send Heliodorus to rifle the Treasures belonging to the Temple of Ierusalem and it may be very well affirmed that his Weakness was the cause of those Troubles and Seditions which afterwards happened both in Church and State He was at last killed by Heliodorus 3775. 8. Antiochus Epiphanes or the Illustrious who had been carried to Rome as an Hostage after the Defeat of his Father Antiochus the Great made his Escape thence at the end of 3 years and Demetrius the Son of Seleucus was sent thither in his stead As soon as Antiochus was returned into Syria Heliodorus who would fain have been King killed Seleucus But Eumenes and Attalus outed Heliodorus and left Antiochus the Illustrious in quiet Possession of the Kingdom of Syria who reigned over it about 12 years He took away the High-Priesthood from Onias who was a Man of excellent Piety and bestowed it on the Impious Iason his Brother and the next year he took it again from Iason and bestowed it on his Brother Menalaus who gave more Money than the former for it Two years after this a Rumour being spread that Antiochus died in his Expedition against Egypt Iason raised great Disturbances in Ierusalem which caused Antiochus after he had defeated the Egyptians to exercise unheard-of Cruelties in Iudea and to carry away all their Treasures Afterwards Antiochus sent Apollonius into Iudea who one Sabbath-day killed a whole Congregation who were got together to offer Sacrifice Some say that he sent Lysias Gorgian Timotheus and other Commanders against the Iews who were all routed by Iudas Maccabeus Much about this time it was that this Iudas retired into the Wilderness choosing to live upon Herbs rather than defile himself with those prophane Meats which in all Parts were then sacrificed But at last Antiochus hastening out of Persia to Ierusalem with a Design to cut off all the Iews of that Place fell out of his Chariot bruised his whole Body and died of a loathsome Disease 175 3786. 9. Antiochus Eupator succeeded his Father and reigned about 2 years Lysias according to some but Philip according to others governed his Kingdom made a Peace with Iudas Maccabeus which was soon after violated About this time it was that Eleazar having assaulted an Elephant upon which he supposed the King was killed the Beast and was crushed to Death by the fall of him 164 Antiochus having taken Bethsura went against Ierusalem and made a Peace with the Iews but it being broke he caused the Walls to be demolished led away Menalaus along with him whom he put to Death as the Cause of all the War and put Alcimus into his Place 3788. 10. Demetrius Soter the Son of Seleucus Philopator having made his Escape from Rome came to Antioch put Antiochus and Lysias to Death and when he was King sent Bacchides into Iudea with Alcimus to whom he promised the High-Priesthood He afterwards sent thither Nicanor who made a League with Iudas Maccabeus but he having broke it was soon after killed by Nicanor This Demetrius reigned about 11 years 162 The People of Antioch rebelling against Demetrius took a young Man named Alexander who was said to be the Son of Antiochus the Illustrious and being assisted by the Neighbouring Kings set him upon the Throne 3799. 11. Alexander Epiphanes or Balas becoming Master of Ptolemais sent to Ionathan to make a League with him and settled him in the High-Priesthood which had been vacant 7 years and a half by the Death of Alcimus This Ionathan was the first High-Priest of the Race of
by the Syrians reigned over them 23 years But Antiochus Asiaticus and his Brother both of them the Sons of King Antiochus the Pious reigned over part of Syria of which Tigranes could not make himself Master They went to Rome to Petition for the Kingdom of Egypt which belonged to Setene their Mother and themselves too and continued their Suit for two years together Tigranes put Setene Sirnamed Cleopatra to Death in Prison and by this means the Title which Antiochus Asiaticus had to the Kingdom of Egypt and to part of Syria fell to the Ground In several Engagements Tigranes was defeated by Lucullus the Roman Consul who was Governor of the Province of Cilicia After this Pompey marched to Tigranes who was so much terrified at the very sight of him that he quitted his Diadem and with a great deal of Submission and Respect yielded himself to Pompey But he mov'd with Compassion put the Diadem again upon his Head re-established him in his Kingdom of Armenia upon certain Articles and made Syria a Roman Province This happened in the year of the World 3885 before Christ 64. Anno Vrbis Romae Conditae 688. 87 Having thus given you a short Account of the Kings of Syria from Seleucus the immediate Successor of Alexander the Great in that part of his Conquests down to Tigranes we shall in the next place give you a List of the Kings which reigned in Asia Minor who possessed another part of Alexander's Conquests Sect. 3. The Kings of Asia Minor or Pergamos PErgamos a City of Mysia situated on the River Caica in Asia Minor was the Capital City of a great State called The Kingdom of Pergamos which began about the year of the World 3634 before Christ 316 years It had eight Kings and lasted the space of 188 years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3634. 1. Antigonus one of Alexander's Captains who had Asia Minor for his Share marched against Eumenes routed and killed him being betrayed by his Veteranâ— Soldiers At last Antigonus was routed and slain by Seleucus King of Syria and Casander King of Macedonia He reigned 15 years 316 3649. 2. Demetrius his Son succeeded his Father Antigonus and reigned 15 years He was expelled Asia won Macedon but was expelled thence taken by Seleucus and within 3 years after died 301 3666. 3. Next after him succeeded Philaterus Intendant of the Finances of Lâ—simachus King of Thrace against whom he rebelled and became King of Pergamos in the 16th year of his Age over which he reigned 20 years 282 3688. 4. Eumenes succeeded his Brother Philaterus and reigned about 21 years He subdued several small Places round about Pergamos and defeated the Army of Antiochus the Son of Seleuchus near Sardes At last he died by immoderate Drinking 262 3709. 5. Attalus Nephew to Philaterus succeeded Eumenes and reigned 44 years 'T is said that he governed with so much Prudence and managed his Treasures so thriftily that his Subjects freely conferred on him the Title of King which his Predecessors presumed not to take up thô they did hold the Quality and Grandeur of One. He defeated the Gauls contrary to all Expectation At last he fell sick at Thebes and was removed thence to Pergamos where he died in a good old Age being about 72 years old 241 3753. 6. Eumenes II. the eldest Son of Attalus succeeded him and reigned 40 years His three Brothers Attalus Phileterus and Atheneus bore so much Respect as well as Love to the King their Brother that they becames his Life-Guards 197 3793. 7. Attalus II. Sirnamed Philadelphus succeeded his Brother Eumenes and reigned about 21 years He drove Orophernes and Demetrius Soter out of Cappadâ—cia and fully re-established Ariarathes in his Kingdom He was conquered by Prusias King of Bithynia who entred Pergamos robbed the Staâ—ues of the Gods and rifled the Temples Upon this Attaâ—us sent his Brother Atheneus to Rome to complain thereof to the Senate who ordered Prusias to forbear warring against Attalus Pâ—usias slighted the Orders of the Senate burnt the Temples made great Havock in the Neighbouring Countries and defied Attalus who had shut himself up in Pergamos The Senate sent a third time Ambassadors to make up a Peace between him and Attalus which at last was effected This Attalus was a great Friend to the Romans and a constant Favourer of Learned Men at length Peace and Idleness corrupted and spoiled this good Man who left his Kingdom to Attalus Philometor his Nephew 157 3813. 8. Attalus III. Sirnamed Philometor the last King of Pergamos succeeded his Uncle and reigned only 5 years He was a very cruel Prince put his nearest Relations and dearest Friends to Death not so much as sparing his Mother or his Wife In the Second Year of his Reign he retired into the inmost Parts of his Palace where he dressed himself in a very mean Habit let his Beard and Hair grow without cutting never appeared in Publick led a Life exempt from all manner of Pleasures and seemed to inflict a Punishment upon himself for the Crimes he had been guilty of Having thus quitted the Administration of the Government he dug in his Garden sowed Seeds and by an extravagant sort of Humour laid out his greatest Care in cultivating Venemous Plants such as Henbane Hellebore Hemlock Aconite c. He extracted the Juice and Liquor and gathered the Seeds of them of which he made a great many dangerous Presents to his Friends He became so skilful in the Art of Botany especially in whatever related to the Manuring of Plants that he composed a very curious Book upon that Subject wherein as Varro relates he set down the Season of Sowing and of Gathering the Seeds of Plants He applied himself to Founding of Metals became a great Master in that Art cast several Figures and made use of them in raising a Mausoleum to the Memory of his Mother At last being too eagerly set upon these sort of Exercises which exposed him continually to the Heat of the Sun or the Furnace he was seized with a violent Feaver and died on the seventh day of his Illness 137 Eudemius of Pergamus carried the Last Will and Testament of Attalus to Rome and gave the Diadem of the Kingdom and the Royal Robe to Tiberius Gracchus Tribune of the People By this Will Attalus made the People of Rome his Heir Populus Romanus bonorum haeres esto The Romans finding by their Common Law that his Kingdom was a part of his Demeans seiz'd thereon by virtue of these Words Let the People of Rome be the Heirs of my Demeans There was some Fault found with the Romans for putting such a Construction on his Will but having the Power in their own Hands they made it to be a good Title In this City it was that they first dressed Sheep-skins and of them made Parchment whereon they wrote before the Invention of Paper and hence came the Name of Parchment called in Latin Charta Pergamena CHAP. V. Of the
First Year of the CXII Olympiad When Alexander died his Bastard-Brother Arideus was proclaimed King but his Reign lasted not long for Alexander's Favourites shared his Conquests and Empires among them of which Ptolemy the Son of Lagus got Egypt for his Dividend 331 3629. 1. Ptolemy the Son of Lagus Sirnamed Soter reigned over Egypt about 35 years and then surrender'd the Government to his Son 321 3664. 2. Ptolemy Philadelphus About this time the Holy Scripture was translated into the Greek Language by LXXII Iews sent into Egypt by Eleazer the High-Priest at the Request of Ptolemy But there is some Dispute among the Learned concerning the exact time when this Version was made some placing it under the former but most under the latter of these two Kings for Demetrius Phalereus a Grecian who was a great Man under Ptolemy Lagi but not so powerful under his Son is generally supposed to have been the chief Promoter of that Work This Version has been generally follow'd ever since especially by the Romish Church and is that we usually call the Septuagint Ptolemy Philadelphus is also famous in the Learned World on account of the vast Library of no less than 200000 Volumes which he collected by the Assistance of Demetrius Phalereus He reigned near 40 years and died by excessive Drinking c. 286 3703. 3. Ptolemy Euâ—rgetes that is the Well-doer succeeded his Father Philadelphus and reigned 25 years 247 3729. 4. Ptolemy Philopator put his Father to Death succeeded him and reigned about 17 years This is that Ptolemy who was such an inveterate Enemy to the Iews as was before related in Chapter I. of this Third Part. Aelian tells us that he killed his Wife and Sister to please his Concubine Agathoclea who governed all and that he built a Temple to Homer 221 3746. 5. Ptolemy Epiphanes that is the Illustrious succeeded his Father when but 4 years old and reigned 24 years He likewise was a cruel Oppressor of the Iews Antiochus Sirnamed the Great who was then King of Syria upon the News of Philopator's Death broke the League which he had made with Egypt and associating with Philip King of Macedon they both resolved upon turning young Epiphanes out of his Kingdom and to share it between them 204 3770. 6. Ptolemy Philometor so called from that Dutiful Affection which he bore to his Mother Cleopatra succeeded his Father who died with Poison and reigned 34 years and 9 months This Philometor died in the Physicians Hands of the Wounds he had received in his Head by a fall off his Horse in that Battel wherein he conquered Alexander Balas King of Syria Cleopatra Sister and Wife to Philometor deceased was willing to insure the Kingdom to her Son but Ptolemy the younger Brother of Philometor who had reigned in Cyrene opposed it and made himself King A Party rose up against him in favour of Cleopatra but he to put an end to this Contest married Cleopatra his Brother's Widow and Sister to them both On the very Wedding-Day this new King killed Cleopatra's Son whilst she held him clasped in her Arms. Thus Ptolemy the younger Sirnamed Phiscon mounted his Brother's Bed and Throne 180 3805. 7. Ptolemy Phiscon or Euergetes II. was a very cruel Prince not only to his own Family as has been already observed but to all his Subjects He reigned about 29 years In the first part of his Reign he strangled the Grandees of Alexandria who had invited him to accept of the Crown he had no respect to either Sex or Age put away Cleopatra who was both his Wife and Sister and married her Daughter whom he had formerly deflower'd by force Within a while after he sent for his eldest Son who reigned in Cyrene and put him to Death for fear the Inhabitants of Alexandria should make him King after him The People were so enraged at this that they pulled down the Statues and defaced the Images of the King who charged Cleopatra his divorced Wife with this Fact Physcon in Revenge put the Son he had by her to Death and sent her in a Charger his Head Hands and Feet which he ordered to be served up at her Table on the Anniversary of that Queen's Nativity 145 3834. This year the barbarous King died and left the Kingdom to Cleopatra his Wife to whom he had been reconciled before his Death and gave her liberty of making which of her Sons she pleased King in his stead She would have had Alexander mount the Throne but the People constrained her to make choice of Ptolemy Lathurus to be Phiscon's Successor 116 8. Ptolemy Lathurus who was not very well beloved by his Mother became at last by her Intrigues odious to the Commonalty However he reigned together with Cleopatra 11 years At last he was so much hated by the People of Alexandria that he fled from them to Cyprus of which his Brother Alexander had been King for 8 years 3845. 9. Ptolemy Alexander succeeded but did not reign above one year For falling out with his Mother he grew jealous of her Intrigues and thereupon put her to Death The Inhabitants of Alexandria were so exasperated that they raised an Insurrection and forced the King to fly They sent Ambassadors to Cyprus to invite Lathurus back again He reascended the Throne and reigned after the Death of Cleopatra 7 years and 6 months When he died he left a Daughter behind him named Cleopatra who reigned 6 months 105 3854. 10. Ptolemy Dionysius Sirnamed Auletes because of his being a great Lover of Musick succeeded and reigned about 30 years Some say he was the Son of Lathurus He had a Share in the Civil Wars of Rome sided with Cato permitted him to take the Isle of Cyprus and drained all Egypt for the Money which he remitted to the Romans Upon this his Subjects rebelled against him and he fled to Rome where he gained Pompey's Favour who re-established him again on the Throne 96 3885 11. Ptolemy Dionysius II. succeeded his Father Auletes and reigned about 18 years His Faiher at his Death ordered by his Last Will and Testament that his eldest Son should marry his eldest Daughter and reign jointly together for it was then Customary among the Egyptian Kings for Brothers to marry their own Sisters Pompey after he had been defeated by Cesar in the famous Battel of Pharsalia fled into Egypt hoping he might find a secure Retreat with that young King for the Kindness he had shewed his Father in re-establishing him upon the Egyptian Throne But he was disappointed in his Expectation for Ptolemy misled by treacherous Counsellors meditated nothing less than the turning Cleopatra his Wife and Sister out of her Partnership in his Bed and Throne and to ingratiate himself as he thought with Cesar sent Septimius a Roman Refugee to murder Pompey upon his arrival Iulius Cesar pursued Pompey into Egypt where he heard the News of his being Assassinated He was very much troubled at it but however he endeavoured to
17. Codrus succeeded his Father Melanthius and reigned 21 years He for the safety of his People lost his own Life and by his Death gave them the Victory for the Oracle having predicted that the Party which lost their King should gain the Victory he disguised himself and secretly got into the Enemy's Camp where he purposely provoked them and received his Death for his Country's sake His two Sons Medon and Nileus contested the Kingdom which was the reason why the Athenians fearing that they should never have such another King as Codrus put an end to the Regal Power declared that Iupiter was the only King of the People of Athens and established Perpetual Archontes that is Governors or Magistrates who should have the Administration of the State during their whole Life and were only different from the Kings in Name and were accountable to the People 1090 Sect. 2. The Second State of Athens under XIII Perpetual Archontes which lasted the space of 316 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 2882. 1. MEdon the Son of Codrus govern'd Athens 20 years 1068 2902. 2. Acastus governed 36 years In his time happened the famous Ionian Expedition For the Ionians being driven out of Peloponnesus by the Heraclidae and the Dorians under the Conduct of Neleus and Androclus Sons of Codrus took Ephesus and other Places in Asia Minor and called that part of it Ionia 1048 2939. 3. Archippus governed 17 years 1011 2956. 4. Thersippus governed 42 years 994 2998. 5. Phorbas governed 31 years 952 3029. 6. Megacles governed 30 years 921 3059. 7. Diognetus governed 28 years 891 3087. 8. Phoreclus governed 19 years 863 3106. 9. Ariphron governed 20 years 844 3126 10. Thespieus governed 27 years 824 3154. 11. Agamestor governed 11 years 796 3173. 12. Aeschylus governed 23 years 777 3174. At this time being 407 years after the taking of Troy 12 years before the building of Rome and 777 years before Christ the Olympiads began each containing the space of four years The first Olympiad was very famous for the Prize which Corebus the Cook won in a Race at the Olympick Games Here ended the time which Varro calls Fabulous because all that preceded the first Olympiad was mixed with a great many Fables And here began the Historical Time because some Rays of Truth began then to shine forth in History 3196. 13. Alcmeon governed 2 years and after his Death the Government of Athens was committed to Archontes or Governors who ruled only 10 years 754 Sect. 3. The Third State of Athens under VII Decennial Archontes which lasted 70 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3198. 1. CHarops the Son of Aeschylus governed 10 years 752 3208. 2. Esimedes governed 10 years 742 3218. 3. Clidicus governed 10 years 732 3228. 4. â—lippomanes governed 10 years 'T is said that he tore his Daughter's Adulterer into pieces with wild Horses for which he was Deposed He accoâ—ding to Suidas was the last of the Race of Codruâ— 722 3238. 5. Leocrates governed 10 years 712 3248. 6. Apsandrus governed 10 years 702 3258. 7. Eâ—yxias governed 10 years He was the last of the Decennial Archontes So that the whole space of Time from Cecrops the first King of Athens down to the end of the Government of Eryxius takes up 874 years After his Government was expired Democracy was established in Athens and the State was to be governed by Annual Archontes 692 Sect. 4. The Fourth State of Athens under Annual Archontes which lasted about the space of 751 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3268. CReon was the first 682 3269. Next to him succeeded Tlesias 681 Instead of giving you an Account of the Succession and Names of these Annual Archontes which would be both a tedious and an useless Undertaking it will be more proper to set down those particular Events which contributed to the Happiness or Misery of Athens and these we will bring under their proper Centuries without affixing the Time to every particular Event but only to such as are most remarkable Years of the World Years before Christ. 3300. In this Century flourished the Seven Wise Men of Greece viz. Solon Bias Thales Pittacus Periander Chilon and Cleobolus Besides these flourished Anaximander the Son of Praxidamus who was born in Ionia Pherecydes Bion Proconessus Epimenides Anaximenes and several others The Photians a People of Ionia set out a Fleet and went and built Marseilles Within a while after Pittacus of Mytelene one of the seven Wise Men of Greece was sent by his Countrymen into Troas to fight Phrino the Commander of the Athenians but was conquered Soon after Periander another of the seven Wise Men of Greece made a Peace between the Athenians and the Mytelenians Within this Century Cylon attempted to make himself King but failing of his Aim fled with his Accomplices to the Altar who contrary to Promise were all killed by Megacles the Archon of that Year which caused great Disturbances and Factions to arise Epimedides to free the City from the Plague erected that famous Altar mentioned in the Acts to the VNKNOWN GOD. A second War happened with the Megarenses wherein Salamis was recovered 650 3384. Pisistratus descended from Codrus became a Tyrant of his Country He won the Poorer sort and by their means made himself King He was expelled by Megacles and Lycurgus afterwards sent a counterfeit Minerva in a Chariot to admonish the People of Athens to restore him He married the Daughter of Megacles was restored ruled well for some time honoured Solon collected Homer's Verses and put them in Order built the first Library in Athens which Xerxes afterwards carried away He repudiated the Daughter of Megacles was again expelled by him but returned and was kindly received by the People 566 In the 4th Year of the 39th Olympiad Anno M. 3330 Draco was Archon and made such severe Laws that they were said to be written in Blood and 22 years after Solon ruled who repealed these Laws and made many excellent Alterations in the Athenian Government In this Century Thales of Miletum died and Anaximander his Disciple was the first who discovered the Obliquity of the Zodiack which his Master could never find out 3400. After Pisistratus his Son Hipparchus succeeded and after him his other Son Hippias Hipparchus was a great Favourer of Learned Men but Harmodius and Aristogiton killed him who were also killed themselves Leaena the Harlot bit off her Tongue that she might not discover the Accomplices Hippias became at last very Cruel for which he was banished Athens Upon this he fled to Darius and set him upon the Thoughts of conquering Greece Darius was so incensed against the Athenians that every time he supp'd he ordered one of his Servants to cry out Here Mâ—mento Atheniensium Pray Sir don't forget the Athenians By the Instigation of Hippias the Persians did invade Greece but were beaten at Marathon by Miltiades where Hippias was killed And when Xerxes the Son
was struck up between Ptolemy Cassander Lysimachus and Antigonus four of Alexander's Commanders upon these Conditions That Cassander should be Master of Europe Lysimachus of Thrace Ptolemy of Egypt and the other Countries of which he was in Possession till such time as Alexander the Son of Roxana arrived to years of Maturity but that Antigonus should still preside over Asia where the Greeks should live under their own Laws This League did not last long for each of them was for getting the whole Power to himself and this they thought the more feasible when he who was Sovereign over them all and whose Vicegerents they pretended to have been was once removed out of the way For Cassander no sooner understood that the People were well affected to Alexander and talked openly of seting him at liberty and placing him upon his Father's Throne but he ordered both him and his Mother to be put to Death privately Hercules another Son of Alexander the Great whom he had by Barsine the Daughter of Artabazus the Persian was invited from Pergamos into Macedonia by Polysperchon who envy'd Cassander's growing Greatness and was at the Head of an Army against him but when they were just ready to engage in Battel Cassander by large Promises won over Polyspherchon to his side who killed the young Prince and his Mother 317 Hitherto those who had seized upon Alexander's Conquests were contented to be stiled Governors of the Provinces but when the Blood Royal of Alexander was extinct each of them took upon him the Name of King thereby to create to themselves the greater Respect from their Soldiers Cassander when he died left three Sons Philip Antipater and Alexander 3652. 3. Philip succeeded his Father Cassander and scarce reigned a whole year for he died of a Consumption 298 3653. 4. Antipater I. and Alexander IV. succeeded their Brother and reigned a little more than 3 years The former of these killed his Mother Thessalonice because she favoured Alexander most thô she conjur'd him by the Breasts that gave him suck to spare her Life Upon this the two Kings fell out and Alexander to revenge this unnatural Crime sent for a Supply from Pyrrhus King of Epirus and Demetrius Polyorcetes of Peloponesus They came to an Engagement wherein both the Brothers were cut off 297 3656. 5. Demetrius Poliorcetes that is The City Taker usurped the Kingdom of Macedon after the Death of the Brothers and reigned 7 years He aimed at driving Lysimachus out of Thrace but was diverted from his Design at first by Pyrrhus King of Epirus who invaded Thessaly but having made Peace with him he raised an Army of 100000 Foot and 12000 Horse with a Fleet of 1500 Sail a greater Force than any had been raised since the Death of Alexander Which mighâ—y Force putting Seleucus Ptolemy and Lysimachus under some fear they entred into a Confederacy and prevailed upon Pyrrhus by their joint intreaties to violate the Peace Lysimachus from Thrace and Pyrrhus from Epirus invaded Macedon both at once and by that means Pyrrhus having taken Byrrhea was saluted King of Macedon by the Army of Demetrius 294 3663. 6. Pyrrhus reigned over Macedon only seven months For 287 7. Lysimachus claimed his Share in the Government and having driven Pyrrhus out reigned 5 years and an half Demetrius being turned out of Macedon at last threw himself into the Hands of his Son-in-Law Seleucus who received him kindly but made him his Prisoner at large where giving himself up to Hunting Drinking and Gaming he died within 3 years after Lysimachus was at last defeated by Seleucus in Phrygia where he was slain in Battel 'T is said that his Dog stood by his Carcase and guarded it from Fowls and wild Beasts 2669. 8. Seleucus puffed up with his Victory marched into Macedon over which he râ—igned only 7 months being treacherously killed by Ptolemy Ceraunus 281 9. Ptolemy Ceraunus after the Death of Seleucus took Possession of the Kingdom of Macedon Antigonus Gonnata the Son of Demetrius Poliorcetes opposed it but was defeated in a Sea-Fight and forced to fly into Beotia Ptolemy married his own Sister Arsinoe the Widow of Lysimachus being received by her into her own City named Cassandrea and afterwards killed her two Sons which she had by Lysimachus in her Arms. About this time a great many Gauls finding their own Country too narrow to entertain them marched in three Companies under three Leaders in quest of a new Country to settle in One Company was led into Thrace by Cerethrius another into Pannonia by Brennus and Acichorius and a third into Macedon by Belgius The last of these Ptolemy who thought himself as able to fight as to commit Villanies opposed and was defeated taken alive and slain by them 3671. 10. Meleager succeeded his Brother Ptolemy but within two months time was outed by the Macedonians who put in his stead Antipater the Son of Philip Brother to Cassander 279 11. Antipater II. he reigned only 45 days 3672. 12. Sosthenes a famous Macedonian raised the Youth of Macedon and marched at the Head of them against the Gauls he fought and defeated them and by this means delivered his Country The whole Army proclaimed him King but he refused that Title and would be only stiled their General He did not meet with the same good Success against Brennus another Leader of the Gauls who fell into Macedon plunder'd and ravaged all that lay in his way and at last defeated and routed Sosthenes himself He died after he had presided over the Kingdom about 2 years 278 3674. 13. Antigonus Gonnata the Son of Demetrius Poliorcetes having made Peace with Antiochus Soter marched into Macedon took Possession of that Kingdom and reigned over it 34 years He drove the Gauls whom Brennus had left behind him to guard the Passes and the Frontiers out of Macedon In his time the Gauls who marched in several Bodies before drew into one assisted King Nicomedes against Zypeus who had seized on part of Bithynia and having defeated Zypeus they settled upon the River Haly in that Place which afterwards from them was called Gallo-Grecia or Galatia Antigonus at his first Accession to the Throne met with some Disturbance first from Pyrrhus King of Epirus and then from Alexander the Son of Pyrrhus but within 2 or 3 years the Storm blew over and he was established in the quiet Possession of that Kingdom 276 3708. 14. Demetrius II. succeeded his Father Antigonus who rendred himself odious to the Etolians by inclining Agro the King of the Illyrians to aid the Mydionians who were besieged by the Etolians He became Master of Cyrene and all Lybia and died after he had reigned 10 years Upon his Death he left a Son behind him very young named Philip. Antigonus Sirnamed Doson because of the magnificent Promises of which he was very Liberal was constituted Governor to the young Prince He married his Pupil's Mother and by his Bounty and Clemency prevailed so far upon the
after the Death of her Son Ahasias resolv'd to make away with all that was left of the Royal Family without sparing her own Sons that she might reign without a Competitor Ioas Son to Ahasias was saved alone from his Grandmothers Fury by Iesabeth who hid him when he was in the Cradle in the House of the Lord and so preserved this precious Remainder of David's Family 3120. Ionah the Prophet lived 3125. Hosea the Prophet lived 3135. Ioel the Prophet lived 3150. Hesiod the Greek Poet lived 3155. Amos the Prophet lived 3180. Isaiah the Prophet lived 3190. Micah the Prophet lived 3174. Olympick Games instituted by Iphitus King of Elis Son of Praxonidas of the Race of the famous Oxiles Here begin the Olympiads where Varro places the end of Fabulous Times and the beginning of the Historical These were celebrated every fifth Year or after four compleat Years 776. 3057. Sardanapalus King of the Assyrians begins to reign 'T is said of him That he built two Towns in one Day viz. Anchiale and Tarsus in Cilicia After him that Monarchy was divided into Assyrians and Medes Arbaces taking advantage of the Effeminacy of Sardanapalus erected to himself a Kingdom and Sardanapalus press'd by his Enemies burnt himself in his Palace 3075. Carthage built EPOCHA VII 3198. Romulus or Rome founded 752. This Epocha goes as far as the end of the Captivity of Babylon and lasts 218 Years REmus and Romulus were Sons of the Vestal Rhea Daughter to Amulius who had usurp'd the Kingdom of Alba from his Brother Numitor. This Amulius not willing to have any Heir commanded his Daughter's two Sons to be cast into the Tyber But the King's Shepherd having found them on the side of that River took them up and nursed them at home At 15 Years of Age they instituted the Feast called Lupercals afterwards they restored Numitor to his Kingdom and some time after they built the City of Rome of which Romulus was declared the Founder It was encompassed at first only with a little Ditch which Remus leap'd over out of Contempt but he paid dear for his Jest and lost his Life for it Thus began the Capital of the greatest Empire that ever was in the World 3205. Obed the Prophet lived 3220. Habakkuk the Prophet 3230. Nahum the Prophet 3215. Syracuse built 3228. Salmanassar King of Assyria takes Samaria the chief City of the Kingdom of Israel after a Siege of 3 Years and carries away the Ten Tribes in perpetual Bondage to Ninive Thus ended the KINGDOM OF ISRAEL which had lasted 258 Years since its Division from that of Iudah 723. Tobiah and his History are to be placed about this Time 3235. Sennacherib King of Assyria enters Iudea with an Army and carries Spoil and Desolation where-ever he comes He besieges Ierusalem but Hezekiah by earnest Prayer obtains Favour of God and an Angel of the Lord kills by the Sword in one Night 185000 of his Men. From thence he flies to Ninive where he is killed 715. 3235. Numa Pompilius King of Rome began to Reign 3254. Manasses King of Iuda is taken Prisoner by the Assyrians and carried in Chains into Babylon where he becomes penitent makes a Prayer extant in the Apocrypha and God restores him to his former Dignity 696. Nebuchodonosor or Nebuchadnezzar the Monarch of Babylon 3350. Enters Iudea with an Army and takes Iecoâ—iah King of Iudah Captive 3360. Zedechias King of Iuda In the 11th Year of his Reign Nebuchodonosor takes Ierusalem Zedechias is taken endeavouring to make his Escape They put his Children to Death before him afterwards they put out his Eyes load him with Chains and carry him Prisoner to Babylon His Palace is burnt the Temple destroyed the Walls of Ierusalem pull'd down and all the Inhabitans led Captive among the Babylonians 590. 3375. Nebuchadnezzar's Pride is punished by God He loses his Senses and is reduced to live 7 Years in the Woods among the Beasts 3385. Nebuchadnezzar being converted and restored to his former Grandeur dies in the 32d Year of his Reign 3387. Ieconiah after 37 Years Imprisonment was freed and treated honourably by Evil-marodoch 3390. Balthasar in the midst of a Feast sees a Hand writing some Words on the Wall which according to Daniel's Interpretation signifie That God will give his Kingdom to the Medians and Persians Which begins to prove true the next Night 3350. Ezechiel began to Prophecy 3370. Pythagoras flourished 3391. Cyrus the Founder of the Persian Monarchy began to Reign 559. Croesus the rich King of Lydia 3400. Conquer'd by Cyrus 3400. Daniel the Prophet flourish'd EPOCHA VIII 3420. Cyrus or the Iews restored 530. This Epocha reaches as far as the Taking of Carthage and lasts 334 Years THe 70 Years of Captivity to which God in his Wrath had condemned the Iews being expired in order to their Restoration he resolved to make Cyrus Master of all the East and place him on the Throne of the Kings of Babylon This Prince hearing the Prophets had foretold That he should rebuild the Temple of Ierusalem gave leave to all the Iews that were Captive at Babylon to return to their own Country under the Conduct of Zorobabel He took all the Holy Utensils of the Temple out of the Treasury of the Kings of Babylon whither they had been transported and gave them back to the Iews who marched away to the number of 42000 Persons and were no sooner arrived but they laid the Foundation of the New Temple 3419. Cyrus having conquer'd and slain Nabboneus otherwise call'd by Daniel Darius the Median King of Babylon becomes Monarch of all Asia 3421. Cambyses succeeds Cyrus 3417. Tarquin last King of the Romans He is sirnam'd the Proud He puts to Death Servius his Father-in-Law and his Wife Tullia has the Impudence to drive her Chariot over the dead Body of her Father 3436. Sextus Son to Tarquin ravishes Lucretia the Wife of Collatinus in regret thereof she stabs her self having first adjur'd her Husband and Friends to revenge the Injury Which they immediately prosecuted under the Conduct of L. Iunius Brutus and Tarquin with all his Family are expell'd Also the Royal Government pull'd down and a new one erected under Consuls whereof Brutus was the first This happen'd 245 Years after the City was built 509. 3429. Darius Hystaspes succeeds his Father Cambyses in Persia. 3460. The Persians are defeated at the Battle of Marathon in Attica by Miltiades the Athenian General 3465. Xerxes the great Monarch of Persia call'd in Scripture Ahasuerus began to reign 485. 3469. Invades Greece with an Army of 5 millions 283000 Men according to Herodotus Plutarch says 5 millions Theodoret 3 millions 3470. This great Army is fought by 5500 Grecians at the Streights of Thermopilae wherein the Lacedemonians being surrounded are cut off The Athenians admonish'd by the Oracle to make use of Wooden Walls by Advice of Themistocles retire on board their Ships which gives Xerxes opportunity to burn Athens 480. 3470. The Athenians under
not certainly known who compil'd this Book tho' some ascribe it to Samuel It represents the Republick of the Iews under the Dominion of Iudges counting from the death of Ioshua to that of Sampson It contains a Series of History of it may be 317 Years that is to say from the Year of the World 2570 to 2887. Therein the Israelites are to be found groaning under very severe Hardships God having delivered them over to the Power of their Enemies for the Punishment of their Idolatries VIII Ruth This Book whose Author is not known contains an Example of uncommon Piety and of the singular Providence of God Ruth a Moabitish Woman being not willing to forsake her Mother-in-Law follows her till she comes into her own Country where God so employs his Providence for the Welfare of Ruth that she marries for her second Husband Boas a very rich Man of that Country and becomes Mother of Obed Grand-father of David from whom our Saviour Iesus Christ descended according to the Flesh. There is no doubt but this History of Ruth hapned in the time of the Iudges 'T is said to be during the Administration of Samgar about 28 Years after the death of Ioshua IX The first Book of Samuel contains all that passed under the Governments of Heli and Samuel as likewise under the Reign of Saul for about the space of 101 Years that is from the Year of the World 2848 to 2949. X. The second Book of Samuel comprehends all the Reign of David during 40 Years XI The First Book of Kings contains the History of Solomon's Reign as likewise how his Kingdom was divided after his Death Afterwards it treats of Four Kigns of Iuda There is in this Book a Series of History for the space of 126 Years XII The Second Book of Kings contains the several Reigns of 12 Kings of Israel to the Destruction of that Kingdom and of 16 Kings of Iuda to the Captivity of Babylon This Book also relates wonderful Things of Elijah and Elisha his Companion It contains in all the History of 308 Years The Author of the First and Second Books of Kings is unknown but all together include the space of 597 Years XIII The First Book of the Paralipomenes or Chronicles XIV The Second Book of the Paralipomenes or Chronicles These two Books are so nam'd because they contain the Acts and other Circumstances which had been omitted in the foregoing Historical Books This Second ends at the Year of the World 3468. where ended likewise the 70 Years of Captivity when Cyrus gave Liberty to the People of Iuda to return into their own Country to build their Temple and the Walls of Ierusalem 'T is commonly thought that Esdras was Author of these two Books XV. The First Book of Esdras according to the common Opinion was written by the Person whose Name it bears It contains the History of the Captivity of the Iews with their Deliverance and Re-establishment in Iudea from the first Year of Cyrus his Reign to the 20th of Artaxerxes sirnam'd the Long-handed All which comprehends the space of 28 Years computing from the Year of the World 3468 to 3550. XVI The Second Book of Esdras was compil'd by Nehemiah It begins at the 20th Year of Artaxerxes and continues even to the beginning of the Reign of Darius his Son sirnam'd the Bastard which comprehends the History of the Iews during 31 Years and extends to the Year of the World 3581. XVII Tobit There are those that are of Opinion that Tobit the Father and the Son were the Compilers of their own History but this carries no Authority along with it Tobit was one of those Israelites that was transported out of Samaria by King Senacherib This Book includes several great Examples of Virtue and excellent Principles of Morality You may there observe Tobit faithful to God even under strange Trials His Charity the Care he had to bury the Dead his Patience after he had lost his Sight and finally his admirable Instructions of Piety to his Son Tobit the Son informs us with what Dispositions we are to engage in Marriage In a word the Providence of God towards all those that put their Trust in him shines throughout the whole course of this Book XVIII Iudith The Author of this Book is by no means known Huetius was of Opinion That it was writ during the Captivity in Babylon tho' the History of Iudith related in this Book hapned according to the Opinion of the Learned before this Captivity Thus it is thought that this wonderful Expeditâ—on of that Pious Widow who was 64 Years old when she cut off Holofernes's Head was transacted after King Manasses was Re-establish'd Iudith liv'd 41 Years after this bold Action that is to say to the Year of the World 3389. when she was 109 Years of Age. XIX Esther The History of Esther hapen'd under the Reign of Darius Son of Histaspes It is Ahasuerus who is all along mention'd in this Book The Composure of it is attributed to Mordecai but it appears to me that Esther might also have had a hand in it XX. Iob. It is thought that this Book was first written in Arabick and afterwards Translated into Hebrew by Moses The History of Iob can by no means be a Fiction the Persons and Nations therein mention'd by their proper Names the several Testimonies of Tobit Ezekiel and S. Iames together with the Sentiments of the ancient Fathers ought to convince us that this Story is true Iob was either before Moses or else at the same time with him and this History probably hapned during the Israelites being in the Desert because there is no mention made in it of the written Law XXI The Psalms These are commonly ascrib'd to David altho' there be many that are none of his and which have been written a long time after his Death as well by Esdras as other Prophets XXII The Proverbs of Solomon This Book was Compos'd by him whose Name it bears and contains excellent Precepts of Life as well in what relates to the Service of God as our duty towards our Neighbour XXIII Ecclesiastes also belongs to Solomon This Book decries perfectly the Vanity of the greatest Enjoyments in this World XXIV The Canticles or Song of Songs is also of Solomon This Book is altogether Mystical It describes in a very lively manner the incomprehensible Love of Christ towards the Church his Spouse as likewise the Churches return to Christ. S. Ierom observes that among the Iews none were suffer'd to read this Book till they had attain'd the Age of 30 Years so that we may say with this Father That Solomon writ his Proverbs for those that were just entred in the Paths of Piety his Ecclesiastes for such as were somewhat advanc'd But for his Canticles they requir'd a Mind altogether elevated and disengag'd from the Clogs of this World XXV The Book of Wisdom This Book contains the Spirit and many other Things of Solomon altho' in all
that he had re-establish'd the Royal Race of the Amali in their primitive Lustre and given an account of 17 Generations of them from their first swaying the Scepter and finally that he had Collected into one Body what was before scatter'd through many Books Thus Father St. Marthe speaks of this History in his Life of Cassiodorus XVI Evagrius say the Schools was Native of Epiphania a City of Syria and liv'd in the Sixth Century of the Church He writ an Ecclesiastical History which he begins where Socrates and Theodoret ended that is about the Year 431. when the impiety of the Nestorians was Condemn'd by the Council of Ephesus and concluded it about the twelfth Year of the Emperor Maurice which was in the Year 597. Photius says That this History is very plain and exact The Emperors Constantine and Maurice greatly recompens'd this Author for all his Works and of which he speaks himself XVII Gregory de Tours born in Auvergne of noble Parentage He was one of the most pious Bishops and celebrated Writers of his Time His Genius led him so much to Learning and Piety that after Euphronius Arch-bishop of Tours's death he was rais'd to that See in the Year 572. and dy'd in 594. The French are endebted to him for the Knowledge of our first Kings whose History he has written in X Books and continu'd it down to his own Time He wrote also a great many other Books XVIII Bede sirnam'd the Venerable was born in the Year 673. in a small Village upon the River Tine in England He was brought up in a Monastery of St. Benedict where his Parents plac'd him but when Seven Years old He there read Philosophy Divinity Mathematicks and other curious Learning but above all he imbib'd the Practice of Christian and Religious Virtues He dy'd the 26th of May in the Year 735. Amongst several of his Works we have his Ecclesiastical History of England in V Books which begins with Iulius Caesar's Descent upon this Nation and ends with the Year 731. He has also written a Chronicle of VI Centuries and some particular Relations of the Lives and Martyrdom of divers Saints XIX Paul the Deacon was by Birth a Lombard and liv'd in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries He was first Deacon of Aquilea and afterwards Chancellor to Desiderius the last King of the Lombards When as this Prince was Conquer'd by Charlemagne Paul the Deacon was carry'd Prisoner into France where his great Knowledge and Learning procur'd him a great many Friends After various turns of Fortune which he had undergone he became a Monk of Mount-Cassin where he dy'd in the Ninth Century but in what Year is unknown He has written the History of the Lombards in VI Books the Acts of the several Bishops of Mets and the Lives of St. Arnold St. Cyprian and St. Bennet c. XX. Eginard Secretary to Charlemagne had divers considerable Employments in that Prince's Court. He had a great deal of Wit and Merit and renounc'd the World to become a Monk He writ the life of Charlemagne who had honour'd him with so particular Esteem and Affection He compil'd the Annals of France from the Year 741 to 829. There are some other small Tracts of his He dy'd in the Year 844. tho' some say sooner and some later XXI Freculphus Bishop of Lisieux liv'd in the Ninth Century This Prelate who had been Educated under the Order of St. Benedict was greatly commendable for his Doctrin and Piety He compos'd a Chronicle of which the first Part begins at the Creation and reaches down to our Saviour this consists of VII Books The second begins with the Incarnation of Christ and extends to the coming of the Franks and the Lombards about the Year 600. This comprehends V. Books He Addresses this Chronicle to the Empress Iudith Wâ—fe to Lewis the Debonnaire and Mother to Charles the Bald. He dy'd about the Year 852. XXII Luitpraâ—d Sub-deacon of Toledo Deacon of Pavia and at length Bâ—shop of Cremona liv'd in the Tenth Century and was says Cardinal Bellaâ—min in very great Esteem on account of his Learning and Wisdom Berengerius II. King of Italy sent him in quality of an Ambassador to Constantinople in the Year 946. to the Emperor Constantine Porphiriginâ—tes whence he return'd at the Request of the Emperor Otho in the Year 968. who sent him likewise to Nicephorus Phocas Under the Name of this Luitprand we have VI. Books of History which comprehend all the most considerable Transactions in Europe from the Emperor Arnâ—lphus down to his Time The Learned pretend that what follows the Fifth Chapter of the VI. Book does not belong to Luitprand but was written by another Author of the same Time who had a mind to continue his History They also reject his Book concerning the Acts of the Popes from St. Peter down to Formâ—sus Father Labbe is of Opinion That this History was wrote by a Germâ—n Monk towards the Year 895. The Spaniads father upon this Author a Chronicle of a parcel of fabulous Princes which had never been in the World Also Father Labbe would have this Chronicle sent to the Kingdom of Vtopia Generally speaking nothing is more faulty than these Chronological Successions not excepting the Fables of the Poets the Stories of old Women and of Amadis de Gaul XXIII Witikind a Benedictine Monk of the Abbey of Corby in Saxâ—ny liv'd in the Tenth Century the Year of whose death is unknown The moâ—t remarkable of his Works is his History of the Saxâ—ns in III. Books together with that of Henry King of Germany surnam'd the Fowler and of his Son the Emperor Otho This Hisâ—ory extends to the Year 973. when Otho dy'd XXIV Frodoard Abbot of Rheims writ a Chronicle which began at the Year 919. and ended with the Year 966. 'T is thought he dy'd much about the same time XXV Glaber Rudolphe a Fryer of St. Germains of Auxerre flourish'd under the Reigns of King Robert the Good and Henry I. his Son He has written an History which includes the time between the Years 990. and 1045. Neither the time nor place of his Death is known neverthâ—less he is of great Repute and was Author of the Life of St. William Abbot of St. Benigne of Dijon This Person was a great restorer of the Monastical Discipline of his Time He dy'd at Fecamp in Normandy the first of Ianuary in the Year 1051. XXVI Iohn Curopalate so call'd for being an Officer of the Houshold to the Emperor of that Name He is a Greek Author who compos'd a History from the end of the Empire of Michael Curopalate where Theophanes ended his to the beginning of the Reign of Alexis Comnenes Emperor of the Greeks that is from the Year 813. to 1081. George Cedrenus was a Grecian Monk that liv'd towards the middle of the Eleventh Century He has made an Abridgment of History from the beginning of the World to the Reign of Isack Comnenes who in the Year 1057.
whom he killed great Numbers At last by the Allurements of a Woman he was made Prisoner by the Philistines had his Eyes put out and in Revenge pulled down an House upon himself and three thousand People of the Philistines 1161 2810. 21. Eli governs the Iews the space of forty years who was so remiss in the Government of his loose and disorderly Sons that he provoked God to Anger against him and upon hearing the News of his Sons Deaths and of the taking of the Ark he fell backwards from his Seat and brake his Neck by the fall 1140 2849. 22. Samuel succeeds Eli and governs the Iews the space of one and twenty years 1101 2879. The Israelites require Samuel to give them a King He gives them Saul who was about forty years old when he began to Reign 1071 Sect. 3. The State of the People of God under the 22 Kings This State lasted 481 Years from the beginning of the Reign of Saul the first King of the Jews to the end of the Reign of Zedekiah who was their last King Years of the World Years before Christ. 2879. 1. SAVL is anointed King by Samuel and reigns over Israel ten years Saul contrary to the Order of God spares Agag the King of the Amalakites at which God is offended and sends Samuel to acquaint him of his Displeasure who makes Amends for the Fault of Saul by causing Agag to be put to Death 1071 2889. The Army of Saul is defeated by the Phililistines his three Sons slain in Battel and he being very much wounded laid violent hands on himself 1061 2. DAVID having consulted the Oracle of God returned into Iudea where the Tribe of Iudah anointed him for their King being then about thirty years old Abner Saul's General takes his Son Ishbosheth to be King over the other ten Tribes But at last Abner being killed by Ioab and Ishbosheth after he had reigned five years being murdered by two barbarous Assassins Rechab and Baanah David became King of all Israel 2901. About this time it was that David fetched the Ark home and Vzzias who laid hold on the Ark to keep it from falling was struck dead 1049 2926. At this time David out of a Motive of Vain-glory caused Ioab to number the People for which Offence God sent the Plague among them which in three days time destroyed seventy thousand Men. 1024 2929. David at the Instance of Bathsheba and the Prophet Nathan makes his Son Solomon King the one being about seventy and the other about eighteen years old 1021 2930. David dies after he had reigned above forty years viz. seven and an half at Hebron and three and thirty years at Ierusalem 1020 2931. 3. SOLOMON when he first began his Reign married the Daughter of Pharoah and prays God to give him Wisdom 1019 2934. Solomon builds the Temple which David had designed to do but was prevented from it by reason of the Wars wherein he was engaged This temple began to be built the fourth year of his Reign 480 years after the coming out of Egypt and it was finished the beginning of the year of the World 2940 just 1010 years before the coming of Christ. 1016 2969. Solomon dies after he had reigned about forty years 981 4. Rehoboam succeeds his Father Solomon But this young King following the Counsel of the young Men and not that of the old Men who advised him to use his People mildly and with moderation in the beginning of his Reign returned a rough Answer to the Deputies of his People and by this imprudent Act lost the Kingdom of Israel For all Israel that is the Ten Tribes revolted from Rehoboam and took Ieroboam the Son of Nabat to make him their King Here began that fatal Division between the Kings of Judah and Israel which lasted for so many years after We will at present continue the Succession of the Kings of Iudah without intermixing any thing of the Kings of Israel that so we may avoid Confusion But after we have done with the Account of their Succession we think it proper to subjoin the Series of the Kings of Israel adding what happened most Remarkable in each of their Reigns 2986. Rehoboam dies after he had reigned seventeen years 964 5. Abijam a wicked King succeeds his Father and reigned three years 2989. 6. Asa a good King succeeds his Father and reigns one and forty years 961 3030. 7. Iehoshaphat a good King succeeds his Father and reigns five and twenty years 920 Elias the Man of God in a time of Dearth is fed by two Ravens by the Brook Cherith In this King's Reign Elias was taken up into Heaven and Elisha inherited a double Portion of the Spirit which rested on that Prophet and the Children who mocked Elisha were torn in pieces by two Bears 3055. 8. Iehoram a wicked King succeeded his Father and reigned eight years 895 3063. 9. Ahazias a wicked King succeeded his Father and reigned one year 887 3064. Athalia usurped the Throne of Iudah which she held the space of six years 886 In her time a dead Man who by chance was thrown into the Sepulcher of Elisha was raised to Life again by touching the Prophet's Bones 3070. 10. Ioash at seven years old was shewn to the People by the High Priest Iehoiada He was anointed King and reigned over Iudah the space of forty years During the Life-time of Iehoiada Ioash behaved himself regularly and governed well but after that Priest's Death he soon degenerated 880 Zacharias the High Priest was stoned to Death between the Temple and the Altar by the express Order of King Ioash whom he had reproved for his Misdemeanours 3110. 11. Amaziah a good King succeeded his Father and reigned nine and twenty years 840 3139. 12. Vzziah or Azarias after his Father was killed began to reign and his Reign lasted two and fifty years 811 In his Reign Isaiah began to Prophesy He prophecied for above the space of one hundred years Hosea prophecied in the time of Vzziah Iotham Ahaz and Hezekiah during the space of a whole Century Ioel prophecied about the same time Amos. 3191. 13. Iotham a good King succeeded his Father Vziah and reigned sixteen years 759 About this time Obadiah prophecied in Israel when Isaiah prophecied in Iudah Micah prophecied for the space of fifty years and upwards Ionah seems to have been sent much about this time to Nineveh 3207. 14. Ahaz a wicked King succeeded his Father Iotham and reigned sixteen years 743 This impious Prince renewed all the Abominations of Idolatry in Ierusalem which provoked the Lord to deliver him up into the hands of his Enemies 3223. 15. Hezekiah a good King succeeded his Father Ahaz and reigned nine and twenty years 727 In his Reign Sennacherib King of Assyria invaded Iudah sent Rabshokah to Ierusalem to threaten Hezekiah and the Iews But blaspheming the God oâ— Israel he sent a destroying Angel among the Assyrian Army who cut off in one night an
was I then 'T is certain that about this time Alexander abandon'd himself to Luxury Pleasures Debaucheries and other Effeminacies of the Persians He put Philotus and his Father Parmenio to Death upon suspicion of being guilty of High-Treason His good old Soldiers the Macedonians being jealous that their old Greek Customs would be abolished found great fault at his Proceedings and took the liberty to Censure him for causing himself to be called the Son of Iupiter To divert which he drew them out to another Battel and ordered them to march against Satibar-Zenes Governor of the Arians who had revolted 3621. This year Alexander marched into the Country of the Arismaspians a People of Arachosia whom he subdued as well as the Inhabitants of Parapamisa He passed the Mountain of Caucasus in 17 days became Master of Bactriana of which he made Artabazus Governor Afterwards with a Flying Army he entred Sogdiana which is part of Tartary But Water being scarce in that place himself and Army had like to have perished for Thirst. 329 About this time they brought Bessus the Murderer of Darius to Alexander who stripp'd him naked loaded him with very heavy Chains caused his Ears and Nose to be cut off and referred him to the farther Vengeance of Oxiatres Brother of Darius whom Alexander affectionately loved By him he was crucified and then quartered alive in the same place where he had killed the King his Master 3622. Alexander marched against the King of the Scythians who lived on the other side the River Tanais He engaged the Army of that Barbarian defeated and put it to flight From thence he went to Marakand and reduced all the Rebels who had taken up Arms against him in Sogdiana whither the King of the Scythians sent Ambassadors to him Here it was that Alexander in his Drink killed his dear Friend Clitus the Occasion of which was this Alexander gave a Treat to all his Chief Commanders and in the midst of his Cups began to extoll his own Actions and to depretiate those of his Father Philip. The young Generals were very well pleas'd to hear such fine Things but the old Commanders who had served under King Philip were offended at the Discourse Among the latter was this Clitus who being a frank and sincere Man could not flatter the King in his Vanity but check'd him for his Ambition and Ingratitude Which provoked the King so far that he rose from his Seat and would have stabb'd him with his Lance in the very Room if he had not been hindred from it by several who stood by But Alexander still intent upon Revenge followed Clitus and stabb'd him with a Spear that he took from one of the Centries who was then sleeping The next day when the Fumes of Wine were evaporated and the King saw Clitus weltring in his Gore his Grief was so great that he had killed himself if he had not been prevented by those who attended him He kept his Chamber fasted and mourned for 4 Days together but at last was reconciled to himself through the Importunity of some of his old Courtiers who brought a great many fine Arguments to perswade him that he had killed Clitus justly 328 3623. Alexander continued enlarging his Conquests ravaged and raised Contributions from all the Provinces round about Oxiatres Cohortanus Governor of a small Territory invited him to a splendid Treat to which Alexander made several of his Friends go and invited them to marry the fairest Daughters of these Barbarians himself leading an Example in marrying Roxana the Daughter of Oxiatres an extraordinary Beauty And now he resolved on attempting the Conquest of India and issued forth such Orders as he thought necessary for so great a Design 327 About this time it was that the King gave Ear to his Flatterers and would be adored as a God Calisthenes the Philosopher the Kinsman and Disciple of Aristotle took the freedom to blame him for it but was afterwards cast into Prison where he died in Torments He was accused under a pretence of being an Associate in the Conspiracy against the King's Life for which Hermolaus had been put to Death before Alexander leaving Bactriana marched into India intending to push on his Conquests to the Eastern Sea that so his Empire might have no other Bounds than what the World had He besieged and took Nisa situated at the foot of the Mountain Meros which was consecrated to Bacchus where the petty Kings of India waited upon him and did him Homage He received them honourably and made use of them as Guides to direct him in those unknown Countries He marched to Mazâ—ga the chief Town of Assaceni which Queen Cleophis held out against him with 30000 Men. There he received a Wound by the shot of an Arrow and the extremity of his Pain made him cry out They call me the Son of Jupiter but at last I find my self to be no more than a Man He took this great City and Cleophis with a great Train of Ladies waiting upon the Conqueror to implore his Clemency was re-established in her Estates After this he stormed several Cities passed the River Indus and very civilly received a Neighbouring King named Omphis who came to surrender both himself and his Army to his Service Abisarius a Potent Prince whose Territories lay on the other side Hydaspes sent his Ambassadors to assure him That he was ready to put himself and Kingdom under his Protection In the midst of these Successes Alexander sent to King Porus willing him in way of Acknowledgment to bring him Contribution-money and to meet him upon the Frontiers of his Dominions to which Porus very haughtily replied That he would give him the Meeting at the Head of his Army But he was convinced of his Error for his Army was defeated and himself taken Prisoner Alexander being affected at the Misfortune of this King and admiring his Courage restored his Kingdom to him and made him one of his Friends This Defeat of Porus opened the way for the Conqueror to proceed further into India several of whose Provinces he subdued 3624. This year Alexander took the City of Oxydraca by Storm where he himself was the first who entred He was dangerously wounded by the shot of an Arrow which pierced his Armour and went into his Body He made War with other People and subdued the Musicani who inhabit the more Southerly Parts of the River Indus He caused their King to be hanged because he had falsified his Word From thence he passed into Pathalia where the King of that Country waited upon him and offered him all his Kingdom 3625. This year having conquered all he could by Land he lanched out into the Ocean to see if there were any more Provinces left for him to conquer He returned back by the way he came embarked upon Euphrates and Tigris with a Design to go into the Persian Sea in search of the Heads of that River hoping he might discover them as he did those
the Maccabees After this Demetrius raised Forces against Alexander but was defeated and killed by him By this means Alexander was established in the Kingdom of Syria over which he reigned 6 years 151 Demetrius the eldest Son of Demetrius Soter being willing to revenge the Death of his Father and to regain his Kingdom had great Success therein Apollonius join'd with him and was sent by Demetrius into Iudea to fight the Iews who were in League with Alexander Ionathan and Simon engaged him several times At last Alexander ravaged Syria Ptolemy Philopator and Demetrius marched against him where Ptolemy was wounded in the Engagement Within a few days after Alexander was killed by his Domesticks and Ptolemy upon the sight of his Head died for Joy 3805. 12. Demetrius Nicanor became at last sole King of Syria and suffered the Iews to live very peaceably Ionathan laid Siege to the Fortress of Ierusalem and Demetrius sent to have him come to him and give him an Account of that Action Ionathan still continued the Siege and pacified Demetrius by his Presents 145 No sooner had Demetrius Nicanor disbanded his old Forces having as he thought no further Occasion for them but Tryphon laid hold on the Opportunity to make young Antiochus Sirnamed the Divine King who was the Son of Alexander He endeavoured to make Ionathan his Friend who did him great Services 3807. 13. Antiochus the Divine set up by Tryphon but afterwards the latter being minded to be King himself instead of Antiochus and being afraid Ionathan should oppose him in his Designs surpriz'd and killed him Simon is Elected in his Place to be both General of the Army and High-Priest He several times defeated Tryphon who that he might the more easily usurp the Regal Dignity killed Antiochus 143 3809. 14. Tryphon the Vsurper In his time Demetrius Nicanor marched with his Forces into Media to strengthen himself against Tryphon where he was taken Prisoner by the General of the Army of the King of Persia and Media At last the Soldiers could not away with Tryphon and went over to Cleopatra the Wife of Demetrius who surrender'd her self and her Army to her Brother Antiochus Sedetes 141 3812. 15. Antiochus Sedetes took the Government upon him and reigned about 10 years He at first made a League with Simon the High-Priest and afterwards very dishonourably broke it sending Cendebeus against him whilst he went in pursuit of Tryphon who retired into Apamea which being taken he was killed there Simon the High-Priest being very old sent his Sons against Cendebeus who beat him This only served to foment the Jealousy of his Son-in-Law Ptolemy against the Father and his Children who killed the Father and two of his Sons in a Feast to which he had invited them In the Eighth Year of the Reign of Antiochus Sedetes there happened an Earthquake at Antioch at 10 a clock in the morning on February the 21st After this Antiochus with his Army were cut off in Parthia which gave way for his Brother Demetrius to remount the Throne 138 3822. Demetrius Nicanor reassumed the Throne after his return from the Parthians where he had been Prisoner But he had debauched himself so much among the Parthians and grew by his Pride so intolerable that neither his Soldiers nor his Subjects could endure him but chose themselves another King 128 16. Alexander Zebenna was the Man they Elected who was the Son of a certain great Merchant Demetrius was abandoned by all Men fled from one Country to another and at last was assassinated as he was going into a Ship But some say he was killed by his Wife Cleopatra Zebenna in his Prosperity proved ungrateful to his Friends and forgot his old Benefactor Ptolomy Physicon who had set him upon the Throne Ptolomy by way of Revenge assisted Antiochus Gryphus against him who defeated put him to flight and afterwards killed him 3826. 17. Antiochus Gryphus reigned 8 years very prosperously and all Syria enjoyed a profound Peace His Mother Cleopatra offended at her Son 's good Fortune upon his return from the War he had successfully ended against Zebenna presented him with a Glass full of rank Poison He excused himself out of Compliment and his Mother still urged him to drink it off At last he frankly told her That he was informed of her ill Will towards him and that she could not clear her Innocence better than by drinking up what she was so civil to offer him Upon this she was forced to drink off what she had prepared for her Son and so was poisoned Antiochus Cyzicenus declared War against his Brother Gryphus but was defeated by him 3835. 18. Antiochus Cyzicenus had the Fortune at last to defeat his Brother Gryphus who fled away and was turned out of his Kingdom which his Brother became Master of But no sooner was he King but he gave himself up to all manner of Pleasures and Debaucheries He associated with none but Comedians Buffoons Jugglers and Fencers He applied himself very seriously to the making of Puppets dance and became so great a Master in that Mechanical Art that he could make Figures of Birds to fly and run along as if they were natural 115 3856. 19. Seleuchus the Son of Antiochus Gryphus having raised Forces declared War against his Uncle Antiochus Cyzicenus They came to an Engagement wherein Antiochus was defeated His Horse carried him into the Enemies Camp and he for fear of being taken alive killed himself 92 3860. 20. Antiochus the Pious the Son of Antiochus Cyzicenus having escaped the Ambuscades which his Uncle had laid for him declared War against him after he had taken upon him the Diadem at Arada Seleucus was routed beaten out of all Syria and fled into Cilicia He was received there by the Mopseates who being enraged by the extravagant Contributions which Seleucus raised upon them burnt him in his Palace with two of his Friends Upon this Antiochus and Philip two Twin-Brothers of Seleucus in revenge of his Death besieged Mopsuesta took it by Storm and demolished it Antiochus the Pious marched against them and defeated them Antiochus was drowned in a River as he fled away and his Brother Philip reigned together with Antiochus the Pious and afterwards they endeavoured by War to decide which of the two should be sole Master 90 3861. 21. Demetrius Euceres the Son of Antiochus Gryphus was seated upon the Throne of Damascus by Ptolemy Lathurus But Antiochus the Pious opposed the new King being assisted by his Brother Philip's Forces Iosephus says that Antiochus the Pious was killed in a Battel against the Parthians 89 22. Philip and Demetrius Euceres both of them the Sons of Gryphus became Masters of the Kingdom of Syria Thus for these last years the Seleucides raising continual Commotions with each other for the Crown were at length cut off in several Battels The Syrians offended at these Disturbances called in Tigranes King of Armenia and submitted to his Government 3863. 23 Tigranes called in
Kings No body knows whether these Dynasties which some look upon as Successive and which they range one after another be not most of them Collateral and of the same time or no. Diodorus Siculus says upon his Honour that for all the Care and Pains he took in consulting the Priests of Egypt about their Antiquities yet he could find nothing in them but what was very dubious and uncertain and that whatever has been published of Egypt before the taking of Troy might very well be reckoned as Fabulous What Credit then can we give to what the Greek Historians have related from the Egyptian Priests with whom it was very common to extol the Grandeur and Antiquity of their Nation by Romantick and surprizing Relations Shall we believe them when they confidently tell us that the Gods and Demi-Gods reigned in Egypt 34201 years before any Kings reigned there With such Stories as these did the Egyptian Priests amuse Diodorus Siculus when he consulted them about the Antiquity of their Kings In one word it seems very likely that the Egyptian Priests invented those Fabulous Reigns that they might not yield the Glory of their Antiquity to the Chaldeans or Babylonians who assigned several Myriads of Years to their Monarchy There was a kind of Emulation upon this Point between these two Nations which inclined their Historians to invent several Successions of Imaginary Kings This Emulation is what is very real the Signs whereof are very visible in the Writings of the Ancients Wherefore all that can be said of the first Government of Egypt with any certainty is that C ham the Son of Noah having planted it govern'd this Land for about 160 years and was succeeded by Mizraim otherwise called Osiris after whom a great number of Kings are named but with such a mixture of Fable that we shall not trouble our selves or the World with a frivolous Account to their Dynasties which Manetho would have us believe were 17 before Thetmosis or Amasis their first known King We shall omit likewise to speak of their State under their unknown Kings or under those who were stiled The Shepherd Kings and will begin our Account of Egypt with Thetmosis or Amasis who began to reign in the year of the World 2207 from whom we shall continue the Succession down to Cleopatra's Death when it became a Roman Province which happened about the year 3920. This takes up the space of 1713 years which being too large to consider all together we shall treat of under three distinct States viz. 1. Under 47 Kings who all were Sirnamed Pharaoh 2. Under 11 Kings of Persia. 3. Under the Greeks namely Alexander the Great and the 12 Ptolemy's his Successors Sect. 1. The State of Egypt under 47 Kings Sirnamed Pharaohs which lasted 1220 Years till the Year of the World 3427 when it was conquered by Cambyses King of the Persians Years of the World Years before Christ. 2207. 1. THetmosis or Amasis he drove the Shepherd Kings out of Lower Egypt who retired into Phenicia He had been before King of Thebais or Vpper Egypt and reigned about 25 years 1743 2232. 2. Chebron reigned about 13 years 1718 2245. 3. Amenophis reigned 20 years and 7 months 1705 2266. 4. Amesses the Sister of Amenophis reigned 21 years and 9 months 1684 2288. 5. Mephres reigned 12 years and 9 months 1662 2300. 6. Maphramuthosis reigned 25 years and 10 months 1650 2326. 7. Themosis reigned about 10 years 1624 2336. 8. Amenophis II. reigned 30 years and 10 months 1614 2367. 9. Orus reigned about 5 years He built the Pyramids of Egypt 1583 2373. 10. Thermutis or Acenchres reigned about 43 years 'T is said that this is that new King who knew not Ioseph and who oppressed the Israelites He gave order to the Midwives to kill the Sons of the Hebrew Women but this not being executed he injoined his Subjects to drown them In his Reign Moses was born laid in the River found and saved by Pharaoh's Daughter who brought him up as her own Child and by a signal Instance of Providence committed him to be nursed by his own Mother In this King's Reign Cecrops the Egyptian transplanted a Colony of the Saites into Attica and there laid the Foundation of the Republick of Athens 1577 2416. 11. Rathotis the Brother of Acenchres succeeded and reigned about 9 years 1534 2424. 12. Acencheres I. succeeded his Father Rathotis and reigned about 12 years 1526 2436. 13. Acencheres II. succeeded and reigned 13 years 1514 2449. 14. Armais succeeded and reigned about 4 years This was that Pharaoh to whom Moses and Aaron were sent by God to prevail upon him to let the Children of Israel go In his time Moses brought the ten Plagues upon the Egyptians and thô Pharaoh was harden'd by the nine first yet he was forced by the last to yield to their Request and the Egyptians pressed the Israelites to be gone However Pharaoh pursued the Israelites with a great Army but he and all his Men perished in the Red Sea whilst the Children of Israel passed over it as upon dry Ground 1501 2453. 15. Armesis or Ramesses succeeded and reigned one year 1497 2454. 16. Amesis or Ramesses Miamun succeeded and reigned about 21 years 1496 2475. 17. Armais succeeded and reigned about 45 years This is Danaus who being expelled the Kingdom by his Brother Egyptus went into Greece and laid the first Foundation of the Kingdom of Argos 1475 2520. 18. Amenophis III. succeeded and reigned in Egypt about 19 years 1430 2539. 19. Egyptus or rather Sethosis succeeded and reigned about 51 years He deposed Danaus but was so molested by him that his Daughters killed 49 of his Sons In his time Phenix and Cadmus came from Thebes to Egypt and thence went to Syria where they reigned over Tyre and Sidon 1411 2590. 20. Rampes or Rhampsaces succeeded and reigned about 61 years 1360 2651. 21. Amenophis IV. succeeded and reigned about 40 years 1299 2691. 22. Ammeneremes or Ammenepthes succeeded and reigned about 26 years 1259 2717. 23. Thuoris reigned about 7 years 1233 2724. Here happened a Dynasty of the Diospolites whose Kings are unknown and which lasted the space of 143 years 1226 2867. 24. Smendes reigned about 26 years 1083 2893. 25. Pseusenses reigned about 50 years 1057 2943. 26. Vaphres succeeded and reigned about 20 years He is by some called Mephercheres This is that Pharaoh who married his Daughter to King Solomon and gave her for her Portion Gezer a City belonging to the Tribe of Ephraim which he had taken from the Canaanites after he had put them all to Death 1007 2963. 27. Amenophis V. reigned 9 years 987 2972. 28. Sesonchis or Shishak succeeded and reigned 6 years It was this King to whom Ieroboam fled and with whom he tarried till the Death of K. Solomon After this Shishak marched from Egypt to Ierusalem rifled the Temple and carried away all the Treasures which were in the Royal Palace of Rehoboam the Son of
by and begin our Account with him Years of the World Years before Christ. 2525. The State of the Thebans under XIV Kings which lasted 295 Years 1425 1. CAdmus was the first King of the Thebans The Grecians tell us that he was the Son of Agenor who sent him and his other two Brothers in quest of their Sister Europa whom Iupiter had ravished forbidding them to return unless they brought their Sister with them That Cadmus at last after many fruitless Journeys came into Boeotia where despairing of ever meeting with his Sister being admonished by the Oracle he built or as 't is most probable repaired Thebes and added a Fort to it which from him was called the Cadmean Fort That he married Harmonia the Daughter of Mars and Venus of whom he had one Son named Polydorus and four Daughters Semele Ino Autonoe and Agaâ—e That he at last warred against the Illyrians conquered and reigned over them leaving the Kingdom of Thebes to be governed by his Son Polydorus This is the Account which the Grecians give us of Cadmus But thô they in Honour to him say he was a King's Son yet the Sidonians his Countrymen deny it and affirm that this Cadmus was only the King's Cook and that he ran away with a certain Musick-Girl called Harmonia His coming into Greece was about the same time that Ioshua governed Israel so that it may be very justly supposed that he carried a Colony of the Canaanites whom Ioshua had expelled into Greece Whether this or the other Account be truest we shall not here stand to determine thô upon very weighty Reasons the latter seems to be most probable However most agree that this was the Man who first brought Letters into Greece from Phenicia 2. Polydorus succeedded his Father married the Daughter of Nycteus by whom he had one Son Labdacus whom at his Death he left to the Care of his Father-in-Law 3. Labdacus succeeded In his time Epopeus the King of Sicyonia ravished Antiope the other Daughter of Nycteus upon which a War broke out between them wherein they both died of their Wounds which they received Upon the Death of Nycteus his Brother Lycus was made Labdacus's Governor who administred the Government so faithfully that Labdacus upon his Death committed his Infant Son Laius to his Care 4. Laiùs succeeded his Father In his Reign his Governor Lycus having punished Antiope according as Nycteus had ordered him was at War with her two Sons Amphion and Zethus and was killed by them in an Engagement Thebes was taken by them and the young Child Laius very narrowly escaped 5. Amphion and Zethus reigned over Thebes Amphion built Walls round Thebes married Niobe the Daughter of Tantalus and Sister of Pelops who having a great many Children boasted that she was a better Breeder than Latona her self which occasioned her to lose them all For Apollo was commanded to kill all the Males and Diana all the Females upon which Niobe was so stupified that the Poets feign she was turned into a Stone Thô this Account is rather Romance than true History yet we thought it would not be amiss to insert it that so our young Reader may have some Light even in the Fictions of the Poets which he may meet with A while after Amphion and his whole Family were cut off by the Plague Zethus pin'd away upon the Death of his Son whom his Wife had unfortunately killed and these Brothers being thus removed the Thebans restored Laius again to the Throne Laius married Iocasta the Daughter of Meneceus by whom he had a Son but the Oracle advising him to beware of him he bound his Feet and exposed him in order to make him away The infant was according to his Order exposed but found by a Shepherd and brought to Polybus King of Corinth He took care of the Child brought him up as his own and cured him of the Swelling which he had in his Feet from whence he was called Oedipus A long time after Laius uncertain what was become of his Son and Oedipus ignorant who were his Parents both went to make their Enquiries at the Oracle In Phocis they met by chance where Laius very roughly commanding him to give the way was killed by his Son whose hot Blood it seems could not brook such rude Provocation 6. Upon the Death of Laius Creon the Brother of Iocasta usurped the Throne till such time as Oedipus did explain the Riddle of the Monster Sphinx For all Travellers who passed by where she sate had the Riddle proposed to them upon these Terms That in case they could not explain it they should be put to Death but whoever did should marry Iocasta and be King of Thebes Oedipus unriddled the Riddle and married his own Mother Iocasta after he had killed his Father Both which he did ignorantly At last a full Discovery was made both of the Murder and the Incest of Oedipus upon which Iocasta hanged her self and he was kept Prisoner by his Sons sent to Athens and there died with King Theseus 7. Eteocles and Polynices the two Sons of Oedipus agreed to reign alternately but Eteocles being once upon the Throne would not let his Brother have his Turn in the Government Upon this Polynices made his Aplication to Adrastus King of Sicyon his Father-in-Law Adrastus to revenge the Affront marched at the Head of an Army and sat down before Thebes After many dubious Skirmishes it was agreed That the two Brothers should determine the Quarrel by fighting a single Duel They accordingly fought and killed each other but did not put an end to the Contest for a sharp Engagement followed wherein the Soldiers of Adrastus were cut off and himself rid away full speed for his Life 8. Laodamas the Son of Eteocles succeeded but being in his Minority Creon the Brother of Iocasta was his Governor Within ten years after the Sons of those who were cut off in the last Battel to revenge themselves upon the Thebans raised another War wherein Thebes and Laodamas were taken 9. Thersander the Son of Polynices set up by the Victors who leading the Beotians against Troy was slain by Telephus in Mysia 10. Pencleus made King by the Beotians but engaging with Euryphilus the Son of Telephus was slain in the Battel 11. Tisamenus the Son of Thersander succeeded 12. Damasicthon the Son of Opheta and Nephew to Pencleus 13. Ptolemeus succeeded 14. Xanthus the last King of Thebes was killed in a Duel by Melanthus the Messenian With him ended the Kingdom of Thebes which was turnâ—d into a Common-wealth in the year of the World 2820 before Christ 1130. But still the Thebans had a great Share both in the Intestine and Foreign Wars with which Greece was engaged as appears in the Accounts we have given of Athens and Lacedemonia CHAP. XV. Of the Macedonians THE Kingdom of Macedonia or Macedon so called from Macedon the Son of Osiris or as some say from Iupiter and Aethra was bounded on the West
by the Adriatick Sea on the East by the Egean Sea on the North by the Vpper Moesia and on the South by Epirus Achaia and Thessaly This Kingdom began in the year of the World 3137 under Caranus the Heraclide and lasted 645 years till it became at last a Roman Province We may consider this Kingdom under three distinct States Sect. 1. The First State of Macedon under XX. Kings of which Philip the Father of Alexander the Great was the last which lasted 477 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3137. 1. CAranus the Heraclide founded this Monarchy and reigned 28 years 813 3165. 2. Cenus succeeded and reigned 12 years 785 3177. 3. Thurimos succeeded his Father and reigned 38 years 773 3215. 4. Perdiccas I. succeeded his Father and reigned 51 years It seems he shewed the Place where he and his Successors should be buried 735 3266. 5. Argeus the Son of Perdiccas succeeded and reigned 38 years 684 3304. 6. Philip I. succeeded his Father Argeus and reigned 38 years 646 3342. 7. Aeropus the Son of Philip reigned 26 years He was carried in his Cradle against the Illyrians who thereupon were routed 608 3368. 8. Alcetas succeeded his Father Aeropus and reigned 29 years 582 3397. 9. Amyntas I. the Son of Alcetas succeeded and reigned 50 years 553 3447. 10. Alexander I. Sirnamed the Rich succeeded his Father Amyntas and reigned 43 years He slew the Persian Ambassadors who would have abused the Macedonian Ladies sent two Images of massy Gold to Delphos and Elis and would not be corrupted by the Persians but discovered all their Plots against Greece 503 3490. 11. Perdiceas II. the Son of Alexander succeeded and reigned 28 years 460 3518. 12. Perdiceas III. succeeded but reigned a short time being killed by 432 13. Archelans his Bastard Brother who succeeded and reigned 24 years 3542. 14. Orestes the Son of Archelans succeeded was committed to the Tutelage of Eropus who killed him and succeeded 408 15. Eropus the Governor of Orestes reigned about 6 years 3548. 16. Pausanias the Son of Eropus reigned only one year being put to Death by 402 3549. 17. Amyntas II. the Husband of Eurydice who ascended the Throne and reigned 24 years but had a troublesom time on 't 401 3573. 18. Alexander II. succeeded his Father Amyntas and reigned only one year He sued for Peace from the Illyrians and sent them his Brother Philip as an Hostage who was by them sent to the Thebans 377 3574. Ptolemy Alorites usurped the Throne but was killed by Perdiccas after he had reigned 3 years 376 3577. 19. Perdiccas IV. governed Macedon 5 years He was slain in a Battel fought against the Illyrians left his Son very young whereupon the Macedonians made his Brother Philip II. King within a short time after his Death 373 3588. 20. Philip II. ascended the Throne with a great many good Qualifications He was Courageous and Prudent and when he was Hostage at Thebes he dwelt with Epaminondas a great Philosopher as well as a great General His Conversation with so great a Man was of extraordinary use to him as appeared afterwards in the whole Sequel of his Life And it may be very justly affirmed that the Grandeur of the Kingdom of Macedon the Greatness of Alexander and perhaps the Grecian Monarchy was owing to the Instructions which Philip learnt from Epaminondas He reigned 26 years 362 This King made his Peace with the strongest but subdued the weakest Countries such as the Athenians Pannonians and Illyrians He set all Greece into Flames and took an opportunity from their Divisions of becoming their Master 3595. This year Alexander was born at the City Pella Some Authors tell us that on this very Day Philip received these three extraordinary Pieces of News 1. That Parmenio had defeated the Illyrians 2. That he had won the Prize at the Olympick Games And 3. That he had a Son brought into the World But the Learned Criticks have discovered that these Events were not at the same time What is most certain is that on the Birth-Day of Alexander the Temple of Diana at Ephesus was burnt by a Villanous Incendiary who was willing by this Act to render his Name famous or rather infamous to Posterity Great Care has been taken to smother his Name but Theopompus in his History tells us he was called Erostratus 355 3605. This year Philip besieged Perinthus a Town in Thrace but the King of Persia jealous of the growing Greatness of King Philip succoured the Perinthians which gave occasion to Philip to think of carrying on a War against the Persians Within a while after he set upon the Athenians and defeated them in the Battel of Cheronea where his Son Alexander about 18 years old signalized himself At last having made Preparations for the War against Persia he was slain at his Daughter's Wedding by Pausanias a young Macedonian to whom he had refused Justice 345 Sect. 2. The Second State of Macedon under Alexander the Great lasted only 13 Years Years of the World Years before Christ 3614. ALexander the Great raised Macedon to the highest Pitch of Grandeur for at last this mighty Conqueror within 12 or 13 years extended the Bounds of his Kingdom so far into Europe Asia and Africa that Macedon might then very justly have been stiled The Mistress of the Vniverse The Danube and the Black Sea bounded his Conquests Northward the River Hydaspes the Indian Sea the Gulphs of Persia and Arabia bounded them on the East and Cyrene the Capital City of Cyreniacum or Pentapolis in Africa bounded them Southward All this large Tract of Country was under his Dominions But having already treated of the Progress of his Conquests in speaking to the Grecian Monarchy chap. 4. we shall not trouble our selves or our Reader with any Repetitions 336 After Alexander's Death at Babylon there happened a long Contest between the Commanders about the Election of a Successor at last they agreed to salute Arideus King This Arideus was Alexander's base Brother whom King Philip had by a Comedian named Philinna Sect. 3. The Third State of Macedon under XVII Kings lasted 155 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3627. 1. ARideus was only a Titular King all his Authority being in the Hands of four Governors or Tutors viz. Perdiccas Python Antipater and Polysperchon When he ascended the Throne he took the Name of Philip Arideus and reigned only 6 years and 4 months for he was put to Death with his Wife Eurydice by the Order of Olympias Alexander's Mother upon her return into Macedon 323 3633. 2. Cassaneder succeeded him and reigned 19 years He returning at the Head of an Army from Peloponnesus besieged the Queen Olympias in Pydna forced her to surrender and put her to Death Afterwards he married Thessalonice the Daughter of Philip and made young Alexander the Posthumous Son of Alexander the Great with his Mother Roxana Prisoners in the Fort of Amphipolis Within a while after a League
Man from the course of a few years but by the close of his Life Cresus derided the Philosophical Severity of Solon but soon found by a sad and fatal Experience that what he said was too true Within a while after Cresus made Preparations for a War against Cyrus but was defeated by the Army of the Medes 556 3408. This year Cresus after the gaining several Victories in Cappadocia supposing Cyrus had no great mind to fall upon him disbanded his Army and retired to Sardes where he thought to have spent the Winter very quietly He was scarce got thither but Cyrus came and sat down before it with his Army and after 14 days Siege the City was taken and Cresus condemned to be burnt This unfortunate King considering he was now drawing to his End remember'd what Solon had said to him about the Happiness of Mankind and thrice invoked the Name of that great Philosopher Cyrus moved with Compassion towards him set him at Liberty and afterwards asked his Advice upon all Occasions 542 Thus with Cresus ended the Kingdom of the Lydians after it had lasted 675 years For afterwards it was subject to the Persians Greeks and Romans and at present to the Turks CHAP. XVII Of Tyre TYRE was a Sea-Port Town built upon a Rock and the Capital City of Phenicia If what Archbishop Vsher says be true it must be acknowledged that this City was more Ancient than Troy and Corinth For he tells us it was founded in the year of the World 2499 by Agenor the Father of Phenix and Cadmus who came from Thebes in Egypt into Syria to fortifie Tyre and Sidon But Iosephus assures us that it was not built till about the year of the World 2733. It is likewise to be observed that the most ancient King of the Tyrians which we can meet with in History was Abibal the Father of Hiram the Friend of David and Solomon 'T is certain that the Tyrians were very Powerful by Sea but whether they were the first Inventers of Letters as some assert is not so certain To give you some Idea of such a confused History as is that of Tyre we shall consider this Kingdom under Four distinct States Sect. I. The First State of Tyre under XII Kings which lasted 213 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 2886. 1. A Bibalus reigned 35 years 1064 2921. 2. Hiram succeeded his Father and reigned 34 years This was that King of Tyre who sent King David Cedar-Trees Carpenters and Masons to build his Royal Palace 1029 2955. 3. Baltazar or Baleastartus reigned 7 years 995 2962. 4. Abdastratus succeeded and reigned 9 years 988 2971. 5. ..... the Son of the Nurse of Abdastratus reigned 12 years 979 2983. 6. Astartus reigned 12 years 967 2995. 7. Aserim or Astarimus his Brother succeeded and reigned 9 years 955 8. Pholes or Pheletes reigned 8 months 3006. 9. Ithobaal the Priest of Astartus reigned 31 years 944 3037. 10. Badesorus reigned 6 years 913 3043. 11. Matgon or Mettinus reigned 9 years 907 3052. 12. Pygmalion reigned 47 years After him we have no Account of the Affairs of the Tyrians for 250 years together 898 Sect. II. Years of the World Years before Christ. 3099. The Second State of Tyre which is very obscure and unknown lasted 250 Years For in History we meet with no mention of any of their Kings except Eluleus of whom very little is said 8â—1 ELuleus reduced the Gitteans who had revolted In his time God humbled the Tyrians who were grown very Insolent by the Greatness of their Riches and that long Prosperity which they had enjoyed Isaiah in the 23d Chapter of his Prophecy foretells the Miseries which were to fall upon Tyre as a Punishment of its Pride and Cruelty especially towards their Neighbours the Israelites It seems as if Isaiah in his Chapter acted the part of an Historian rather than that of a Prophet every thing being there so naturally described The Riches Vanity and Luxurious Way of these Wealthy Merchants living who were the principal Inhabitants of Tyre are therein so lively represented Sect. III. The Third State of Tyre under X. Kings which lasted only 64 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3349. 1. IThobaal reigned 24 years In his time Nebuchadnezzar laid Siege to Tyre which after 13 years he took and instead of Ithobaal set up Baal for King 601 3373. 2. Baal reigned 10 years After his Death the King of Babylon set up Judges to govern Tyre 577 3383. 3. Eeni-Baal the I. Judge governed 2 months 567 4. Chelbes the Son of Abdeus governed 10 months 3384. 5. Abbarus governed Tyre the space of 3 months 566 6. Mitgon and the two Sons of Abdelin governed the space of 4 years 7. Gerestrapus the two Sons of Abdelin governed the space of 4 years 3388. 8. Balatorus governed the space of one year 562 3389. 9. Merbaal was sent from Babylon to Tyre to preside there in the room of his Brother Balatorus deceased He governed 4 years 561 3393. 10. Hiromus came from Babylon to Tyre to reign instead of his Brother Merbaal deceased He governed 20 years Here we meet with another Chasm in the History of Tyre which lasted about 205 years whereof we have no Account 557 Sect. IV. Years of the World Years before Christ. 3413. The Fourth State of Tyre which is very dark for 205 Years for History is silent about it till such time as it was besieged by Alexander the Great which happened in the Year of the World 3618 before Christ 332. 537 3618. THis year the Inhabitants of Tyre sent a large Crown of Gold to Alexander as a Compliment to him for his Conquests He told their Ambassadors That he would come himself to Tyre to pay the Vows which he had made to Hercules The Ambassadors replied That he needed not to come so far as Tyre to do that since the Temple of Iupiter stood without the City in the Place where old Tyre stood Alexander took this as an Affront and as if they seemed to deny him Entrance into their City whereupon he threatned to lay it in Ashes Accordingly he besieged it and after 7 months with the loss of a great many Men took it by Storm put all the Tyrians to the Sword and burnt their City In this general Calamity Strato and his Son were spared to whom and their Posterity Alexander gave the Kingdom of Tyre 332 Quintus Curtius tells us That Tyre rose out of its Ashes was rebuilt in a short time and so strongly fortified that it held out 15 months against Antigonus King of Asia Thus have we given you a summary Account of the Empire of China the Kingdoms of Egypt Sicyon Athens and the other States of Greece of Lydia Tyre c. We are sensible there were other Petty Kingdoms such as Cyprus Sicily Crete c. but forasmuch as they did not then make any great Figure in the World and since History does not say much about them
409 Adam 46 228 Adrian 67 Aeneas settles in Italy 53 369 Aeneas Sylvius's Hist. 170 Aeschines 60 329 Aeschylus 60 Africanus Iulius his Chronicle 151 Agamemnon K. of Mycene 347 Agathias's Hist. 196 Agrim Battel there 95 Ahazias K. of Iudah 241 Aix la Chapelle Peace there 92 Alaric K. of the Goths 71 Albert of Austria Emp. Ger. 80 Albigenses persecuted 81 Alcibiades 60 326 327 Alexander the Great 60 His History 267 to 280 355 Alexandria in Egypt built 309 Alexius Comnenus 78 79 Alfred K. of England 75 Almarez K. of Ierusalem 79 Alphonsus the Chast K. of Spain 74 Alphonsus K. of Portugal 90 America discovered 86 Amos. 67 241 Amos's Prophecy p. 137 Amurath Sultan of the Turks 81 Anacreon 325 Andronicus Paleolog II. Emp. C.P. 81 Annibal the Carthaginian Admiral 390 Anthony Marc. 64 312 313 406 408 409. Anthony of Florence's Hist. 169 Antiochus Epiphanes 62 Antiochus Soter 61 Antoninus Marc. Aurel. 67 Antoninus Pius 67 Appius's History 190 Aratus 330 Archimedes ibid. Archontes Governor of Athens 321 c. Argonaut's Voyage 52 Argos the Kings of it 316 Aristobulus 63 Aristobulus K. of the Iews 252 Aristophanes 60 328 Aristotle 328 Arnold of Lubeck's Hist. 166 Arphaxad 228 230 Arrian's Hist. 189 Arthur K. of Britain 72 Asa K. of Iudah 40 Ascanius Son of Aeneas 369 Asia Minor the Kings of it after Alexander 288 c. Assur Son of Sem. 230 Assyrian Kings their Names and time of Reign from Nimrod to Sardanapalus 256 Athaliah 56 241 Athens its History p. 317 c. Burnt by Mardonius 324 Plague there 325 Atolf K. of the Goths in Spain 71 Attila K. of Hunns ib. St. Augustine his History Works 155 Augustulus Emp. 71 Augustus Caesar. 64 406 Emperor of Rome 410 Aurelianus V. 68 Austin the Monk Archbishop of Canterbury 72 Austrian Family its Founder 80 Axan Sultan of the Turks 78 B. Babylonian Kings 261 c. Babylonish Captivity of the Iews 243 Bajaret Sultan of the Turks 82 Baldwin K of Ierusalem 78 Baronius's Annals 173 Baruch 243 His Prophecy 131 Bede's History 159 Belgrade taken by Turks 86 Belshazzar K. of Babylon 261 Belus K. of Assyria 255 Berah K. of Sodom 49 Bergamos Iames of his Hist. 171 Berosus his History 329 Boadicea Q. of Britain 66 Boethius Hector his Hist. 173 Boetia its Situation 348 Bonfinius's History 171 Boyne Battel there 95 Breda Peace there 92 Britain Ioseph of Arimathea preached there 66 Lucius first Christian King there 67 Christianity established there 72 The Saxons called in 71 Saxon Heptarchy erected 71 72 The Danes infest the Land 76 77 Brutus and Cassius 63 405 Their Death 407 Brutus L. Iunius Founder of the Consular State of Rome p. 378 379 C. Cadmus p. 301 Brought Letters to Greece 52 His Story 349 c. Caesar C. Iulius 63 399 His Victories 400 c. In Britain 400 401 Perpetual Dictator and Emperor of Rome 404 His Writings 197 His Death 405 Cainam 46 228 231 His Sons Founders of Nations 233 Calendar corrected by Caesar. 403 Corrected by P. Gregory 88 Callymachus 329 Cambyses 59 262 Conquered Egypt 304 Candia taken by Turks 92 Cannae the Battel there between Hannibal and the Romans 392 Canticles the Book of 135 Canute the Dane King of England 77 Carloman K. of France 76 Carolus Gustavus K. of Sweden 90 Carthage built 56 Conquered by Romans and destroyed 63 394 Carthaginian War First 61 389 Second 61 391 Third 61 394 Cassiodorus's History 162 Catiline's Conspiracy 399 Catullus 64 Centuriae Magdeburgens 173 Chalecondylas's History 170 Charlemain K. of France 73 Declared Emperor 74 Charles Martel governs France 73 Charles the Bald Emp. 75 Charles V. King of Spain and Emperor 86 Resigns his Crown 88 Charles I. K. of England 89 Charles II. K. of England restored 91 His Death 93 China the History of its Monarchs p. 291 to 297 The Wall between it and Tartary built 297 Choniates Nicelas his Hist. 166 Chronicles the Book of 133 Cicero M. Tull. 399 400 His Death 407 Cimon General of the Greeks against the Persians 324 Cinossema Battel there 326 Claudius Emp. 68 Clelia a Roman Virgin her remarkable Courage 380 Cleopatra Q. of Egypt 312 407 Her Death 409 Clovis K. of France 71 Cecrops Founder of the Athenians 300 319 Codrus K. of Athens 320 Coecles Horat. his Courage 380 Collatinus Lucretia's Husband Consul of Rome 378 Colossians Epistle to 142 Columbus discovers America 86 Confucius the Chinese Philosopher 296 Constantine the Great Emp. 69 Constantine XIII Palaeologus last Emp. C. P. 83 Constantinople General Council there 70 Taken by Turks 83 Consular State of Rome its Beginning 378 Corimodus Emp. 67 Corinth its History and Kings 343 344 c. Corinthians Epistle to 141 Coriolanus C. Mar. his Story 382 Crassus 399 401 Crates the Philosopher 61 Cresus K. of Lydia 58 362 Cromwell Oliver usurps the Government of England 90 Curopolates his History 162 Cyrus the first Persian Monarch 262 D. Donatus K. of Argos p. 301 316 Daniel 58 His Prophecy 136 Cast into the Lionls Den. 250 Dardanus K. of Troy 52 Darius Codomannus K. of Persia overcome by Alexander 267 Darius Hystaspes K. of Persia. 59 262 Darius Nothus 265 K. David 54 239 Decemviri a sort of Government at Rome created 384 Their ill Government and expulsion ibid. The Demetrii their Successors 284 c. Demetrius Soter K. of Syria 283 Demecritus the Philosopher 60 Demosthenes 60 328 Deucalion 319 Deuteronomy its Contents 131 Dictator at Rome first created 381 Dioclesian Emperor of Rome 68 Diodorus Siculus's History 185 Diogenes Laertius's Writings 190 Diogenes 328 Dion Cassius's History 191 Dionysius Halicarnasseus's History 187 Domitian Emp. of Rome 67 Draco's Laws 323 Drake sailed round the Earth 88 E. East-Indies first Voyage thither p. 85 Eber. 228 Ecclesiastes the Book of 134 Ecclesiasticus 135 Edgar 76 Edmond ib. Edmond Ironside 77 Edred 76 Edward the Confessor 77 Edward the Elder King of England 76 Edward the Martyr 77 Edward I. 80 Edward II. 81 Edward III. ib. Edward IV. 85 Edward VI. 87 Edwin 76 Egbert K. of England 75 Eginard's Hist. 16â— Egypt Children of Israel in Bondage there 22â— Egypt plagued by Moses p. 330 The Kings of it 297 to 313 Conquered by Nebuchadnezzar 303 Subject to the Persian Monarchy 305 to 308 Subject to Greeks 308 c. Eli Judge over Israel 238 Elias the Prophet 241 Elijah 55 Raises the Shunamite's Son 246 Elizabeth Q. of England 87 Elon judges Israel 238 England infested by Danes 75 Enoch 46 228 Enos ib. ib. Epaminondas 328 Ephesians Epistle to 141 Ephori of Lacedemon instituted 335 Esdras the Book of 134 Esther the Book of ibid. Ethelbert K. of England 75 Ethelred ib. Ethelstan 76 Ethelwald 75 Ethelwolph ib. Evagrius's Hist. 159 Euclid 329 Eudo K. of France 76 Evilmerodach K. of Babylon 261 Euripides 60 328 Eusebius's History and Chronicle 153 Exodus the Book of 231 Ezekiel 58 His Prophecy 136 Ezra 60 His Prophecy 250 F. Fabius
CHRONOLOGY Chap. I. Definitions Page 1. Chap. II. The Grounds of Chronology 9. The Testimony of Authors 9. Reasons of the uncertainty of Chronology 13. Certain means of Computing Times as 9. 1. By the Testimony of Authors 18. 2. By Eclipses and Aspects of the Planets 18. 3. Vndisputed Epochas 21. Chap. III. Of the Uncertainty Chronologers are at concerning the Year wherein our Saviour was Born 23. A Catalogue of Authors disagreeing in this point 25. Chap. IV. The Usefulness of Chronological Tables to Beginners Different Divisions of Times in order to help the Memory 34. § 1. First Division of the Times into two Parts 37. § 2. Second Division into three Parts according to Varro 38. § 3. Third Division into four Parts according to the Poets 40. § 4. Fourth Division according to the several Ages of the World 42. § 5. Fifth Division of Times into thirteen Parts 43. Chap. V. A New Division of Times or the 14 Royal Epocha's of Universal Chronology 44. Epocha 1. Adam or the Creation of the World 45. Epocha 2. Noah or the Vniversal Deluge 47. Epocha 3. The Vocation of Abraham 49. Epocha 4. Moses or the Written Law 51. Epocha 5. The Taking of Troy 53. Epocha 6. Solomon or the Temple finished 54. Epocha 7. Romulus or Rome Founded 56. Epocha 8. Cyrus or the Iews restor'd 58. Epocha 9. Scipio or the Carthaginians Conquer'd 62. Epocha 10. The Birth of IESUS CHRIST 65. Epocha 11. Constantine or the Peace of the Church 69. Epocha 12. Charlemaign or the Establishment of the new Empire 74. Epocha 13. Constantinople taken by the Turks and the Christian Empire of the East terminated 83. Epocha 14. King Charles II. Restor'd the ancient Government and Laws of England re-establish'd and Europe in a profound Peace 91. PART II. Introduction to History and a Character of Historians Chap. I. Of the several Benefits of History 97. Chap. II. Rules to be observ'd in Writing History 107. Chap. III. The manner of Studying History Of the Four ancient Monarchies and of the different kinds of Political Government 112. Chap. IV. Divisions of History 121. Art 1. The Authority of the History of the People of God contain'd in the Books of the Old and New Testament 126. The Order of the Books of the Old and New Testament 131. Art 2. Of Civil History 〈…〉 145. Chap. V. The most Celebrated Authors that have written of Church History 150 An Account of the Qualities Lives and Writings of each particular Author 151 c. Chap. VI. Of the most considerable Greek and Latin Authors of Civil Histoâ—y 175. § 1. Greek writers of History Their Qualities Lives and Writings and the Iudgments of Criticks upon them 177 c. § 2. Latin Writers of ancient History an Account of each Author and his Works with the Opinions of Criticks upon them 197 c. PART III. An Account of the Ancient Monarchies which preceeded the Birth of JESUS CHRIST Chap. I. An Account of the Church of God under the Old Testament 225 Sect. 1. The State of the People of God under the 22 Patriarchs 228. A Remark concerning the Origine of Nations 230. A Remark concerning the Heads of Families of the People of God 235. Sect. 2. The State of the People of God under the 22 Iudges or Leaders 236. Sect. 3. The State of the People of God under 22 Kings 239. The Succession of the Kings of Israel 244. Sect. 4. The State of the People of God in the Time of the 22 Ancestors of Iesus Christ 249. Chap. II. An Account of the Assyrian Monarchy 254. The State of the Assyrian Monarchy from Nimrod it's first Founder down to Sardanapalus which is about 1360 years 2â—â— The State of that part of the Assyrian Monarchy which was under the Babylonians from Belochus the first King to the Death of Belshazzar the last King which lasted 271 Years 260 The State of that part of the Assyrian Monarchy which was Govern'd by the Medes from Arbaces their first King to Cyaxares or Darius the Mede 261 Chap. III. Of the Persian Monarchy 262. The Succession from Cyrus to Alexander's Conquest 262 c. Chap. IV. Of the Grecian Monarchy 267. The History of Alexander's Conquests 267. to 279 The Kingdom of the Syrians under the Successors of one of Alexander's Captains 280 The Kingdom of Pergamos or Asia Minor erected by Antigonus one of Alexander's Captains 288 Chap. V. Of the Empire of China 291 Chap. VI. Of the Kings of Egypt 297 Sect. 1. The State of Egypt under 47 Kings surnam'd Pharaohs which lasted 1220. Years till it was conquer'd by Cambyses 299 Sect. 2. The State of Egypt under 11 Kings of Persia which lasted 193 Years viz. to the time it was subjected to Alexander 305 Sect. 3. The State of Egypt under the Greeks viz. Alexander the Great and the 12 Ptolomy's which lasted 301 Years that is till Augustus made Egypt a Roman Province 308 Chap. VII Of Sicyonia The Succession of its Kings c. 314 Chap. VII Argos The Succession of its Kings from Inachus to Perseus 316 Chap. IX Athens 317 Sect. 1. The State of Athens under 17 Kings for 488. Years 319 Sect. 2. The State of Athens under 13 perpetual Archontes which lasted 316 Years 321 Sect. 3. The State of Athens under 8 Decennial Archontes 322 Sect. 4. The State of Athens under annual Archontes which lasted 751 Years 322 Chap. X. Of the Kings of Troy 330 Chap. XI Of the Spartans or Lacedemonians 332 Sect. 1. The State of Lacedemonia under 14 Kings for 397 Years that is from Lelix to the Heraclides 333 Sect. 2. The State of Lacedemon under the Kings called Heraclides 334 Sect. 3. The State of Sparta under the Kings whose Power were restrain'd by the Gerontes 335 Sect. 4. The State of Sparta under the Kings with the five Ephori 336 Chap. XII Of Corinth The Succession of its Kings c. 343 Chap. XIII Of the Kings of Mycene 346 Chap. XIV The Kings of Thebes 348 Chap. XV. Of the Macedonians 352 Sect. 1. The State of Macedon under 20 Kings from Caranus to Philip the Father of Alexander 352 Sect. 2. The State of Macedon under Alexander 355 Sect. 3. The State of Macedon under 17 Kings after Alexander 355 Chap. XVI Of the Kings of Lydia to Croesus 361 Chap. XVII The Kings of Tyre till it was conquer'd by Alexander 363 Chap. XVIII Of the Italians Latins Romans and of the Fourth or Roman Monarchy 367. Sect. 1. The State of Italy under the Janigenae or Siculi which lasted 557 years 368 Sect. 2. The State of Italy under 15 Kings called Aborigines which lasted 577. from Janus to Romulus 369 Sect. 3. The Regal State of Rome which lasted 245 years 371 Sect. 4. The Consular State of Rome from Brutus the first Consul to the perpetual Dictatorship of Julius Caesar which took up the time of 464 Years divided into fifteen Periods 378 Period 1. From the Banishment of Tarquin to the first Dictator 379
VI. Epocha's the Name of every one of which begins with a C. so that all the Secret lies in retaining six Words whose Initial Letter is C. viz. Creatio Cataclysinus Caldaei Cyrus Cittim Caesares But because when a Thing is once well begun it is easy to bring it to Perfection we may also carry the Secret a great way farther For after a little Study upon the Matter I have found Seven other Names that begin with the same Letter by the Help of which we may lead Chronology under XIII Epocha's down to these latter Times Years of the World Years before Jes. Chr. 0. 1. Creation of the World 3950. 1656. 2. Cataclysm or Universal Deluge 2294. 3203. 3. Chaldaean or Babylonian Empire began under Nabonassor whence an Aera is dated 747. 3390. 4. Cyrus the Founder of the Persian Empire 560. 3614. 5. Cittim is an Hebrew Word which signifies the Macedonians from whom came Alexander the Great Founder of the Empire of the Grecians 336. 3804. 6. Carthage conquered 146. 3950 or 3948. 7. CHRIST the Messiah Son of the Eternal Father 0. Years of the Vulg. Aera 8. Constantine the Great first Christian Emperor 312. 9. Clovis I. Christian King in France 481. 10. Charlemaign or Charles the Great Emperor 800. 11. Capet Hugo-Capet the first King of the third Race of the Kings of France 987. 12. Croisade or Holy War undertaken by S. Lewis to fulfil a Vow where he was made Prisoner 1248. 13. Constantinople taken by Mahomet II. who put to Death Constantius Palaeologus call'd Dragoses the last Emperor of the Greeks 1453. It is observable that JESUS CHRIST who makes here the Seventh Epocha is placed just in the middle of XIII So that it is very easy to remember six Words before and six after CHAP. V. A new Division of the Times or the XIV Royal Epocha's of the Vniversal Chronology I Call Royal the following Epocha's because they are fixed and settled either at a King or a Person of Sovereign Authority Young People who generally have good Memories would do well to learn the Series of these Epocha's with the Events I have comprehended under every one of them That this Study may not seem too dry I have illustrated every Epocha by some few Historical Passages or some great and remarkable Action which I have placed at the Head of them the better to strike the â—magination and imprint a more lively and deep Image â—n the Memory These XIV Epocha's comprehend the Universal Chronology since they begin with the Creation of the World and descend down to this present Time I â—ntermix them with the most curious and important Passages both of Sacred and Civil or Prophane History â—hat I may insensibly ingage in this laborious Study those Persons that will read nothing but what 's pleasant â—nd diverting EPOCHA I. Adam or the Creation of the World The 23d October in the Year of the Iulian Period 765. and before the Birth of Jesus Christ 3950. This Epocha reaches to the Deluge and lasts 1656 Years GOD who had been alone during an infinite number of Ages and found in Himself a World a Throne and all Things besides being willing to exert his Omnipotence and communicative Goodness brought forth out of Nothing this vast Universe What he made at first was but a dark empty Chaos without Form and destitute of the Order and Beauty that afterwards appeared in it In six Days God formed the Heavens and the Earth and all that therein is and created Man after his own Image to whom he gave the Command of the Beasts of the Field the Fowls of the Air and all the Things on the Face of the Earth A Female also created He that a Generation of this noble Creature might be continued throughout all Ages This happy Couple he placed in a delicious Paradice which he himself had planted but Sin and Disobedience ruin'd their Felicity and the just God was provok'd to expel them that happy Place cursing the Earth with Sterility and denying them and their Posterity the Fruits of it without Toil and Labour From this divine-form'd Pair have all Mankind proceeded and from this Sin of Theirs have all their Posterity been prone to Vice and subjected to unruly Passions which hurried them on in the commission of Evil and caus'd Rapine and Violence to triumph in the Land from hence it was that Dominion was assum'd by one and taken from him by another and almost nothing but Wars and Revolutions have filled up the Space of Time the Relations whereof is the chief Subject of History Tho' the Scriptures name only three Sons of Adam viz. Cain Abel and Seth it says he begat Sons and Daughters which undoubtedly he did a great number as did also his Sons and Grandsons but the naming of these only being sufficient to make a Calculation of Chronology and deduce the Genealogy of Noah the rest were omitted Years of the World Years before Jes. Chr. 130. Abel a Shepherd is killed by his Brotheâ— Cain 3870â— 130. Seth is born 235. Enos the Son of Seth is born He is the firâ—â— that shews his Zeal for the establishing of God's Worâ—ship 325. Cainam the Son of Enos is born 395. Mahaaleel the Son of Cainam is born 460. Iared the Son of Mathalaleel is born 622. Enoch the Son of Iared is born 687. Methusalah the Son of Enoch is born 587. Lamech the Son of Methusaleh is born 930. Adam dies 930 Years old 302â—â— 987. Enoch VIIth Patriarch being accepted to Goâ— is taken up from the World 365 Years old withoâ—â— dying The Place whither he was translated is unknowâ— to Men. 1042. Seth dies 912 Years old 1056. Noah the Son of Lamech is born 289â—â— 1140. Enos dies 905 Years old 1235. Cainam dies 910 Years old 1290. Mahalaleel dies 895 Years old 1422. Iared dies 962 Years old 1536. Noah 480 Years old is commanded by God to work on the Ark 120 Years before the Deluge 1556. Iaphet is born 1558. Shem is born 1651. Lamech dies 777 Years old 1656. Methusalah dies 969 Years old some few Days before the Deluge or Flood He is the longest-liv'd Man that ever was EPOCHA II. 1656. Noah or the Universal Deluge 2294. This Epocha extends as far as God's Alliance with Abraham and lasts 426 Years THe Wickedness of Man was grown so great that this darling Creature of Heaven became its Aversion and it repented God that he had made him But tho' his Justice provok'd him totally to destroy the whole Race yet because some were found just it pleased the Divine Mercy to permit a Generation of Mankind and of all Creatures for his Service to be preserv'd to the end of the World and therefore when the Crimes of the Inhabitants of the Earth grew intolerable and required an extraordinary Punishment God resolv'd by Water to destroy the whole World of Animals excepting only Eight Persons viz. Noah with his Wife three Sons and their Wives together with a pair of
the Conduct of Themistocles defeat the Persian Fleet at Salamina Xerxes flies to Asia leaving Mardonius with three hundred thousand Persians in Greece 3471. The Battle of Plataea wherein the Persians are totally defeated by the Greeks under Pausanias and Aristides and Mardonius slain 3486. Artaxerxes Longimanus succeeds his Father Xerxes 465. 3430. Pindar the Poet born 529. 3450. Heraclitus the Philosopher flourished 500. 3470. Aeschylus the Tragedian flourished 480. 3490. Democritus the Philosopher flourished 460 3490. Hippocrates the Physician flourished 460. 3510. Euripides and Sophocles the Tragedians also Herodótus the Historian 3530. Haggai and Zechariah the Prophets also Socrates the Philosopher 3532. Alcibiades 3545. Malachi the Prophet 406. 3550. Aristophanes the Comedian 400. 3550. Ezra the Prophet 3565. Nehemiah the Prophet 385. 3556. Rome taken and sack'd by the Gauls deliver'd by Camillus the Dictator 394. 3560. Xenophon and Plato flourished 3585. Demosthenes Aeschines the Orators Diogenes the Cynick 3588. Philip King of Macedon Father to Alexander the Great began to Reign 362. 3588. Alexander the Great born Diana's Temple at Ephesus burnt 3606. Philip King of Macedon routs the Army of the Athenians at the Battle of Cheronea in which his Son Alexander then 18 Years of Age breaks through the Theban Troops Aristotle flourishes 344. 3615. Alexander invades Asia overcomes Darius Codomannus King of Persia and made himself Ruler of all Asia and thereby erects the Third Monarchy 335. 3626. Alexander after the Conquest of the Indies dies at Babylon 33 Years old His Generals divide his Kingdoms among them 323. Alexander being dead his Dominions are seiz'd by his chief Captains these were Ptolomy Seleucus Nicanor Perdiccas Antipater Cassander Lysimachus Meleager Eumenes Laomedon Leonatus Pytho Philetas Craterus Menander 3638. Seleucus Nicanor makes himself King of Syria Babylon c. 3626. Ptolomy took Egypt and Africa Aridaeus Alexander's Brother succeeds in Macedon routed by Perdiccas 3633. Cassander obtains the Kingdom of Macedon 3620. Crates the Philosopher Euclid the Mathematician flourished 3634. Agathocles King of Sicily began to Reign 3662. Seleucus having overcome Demetrius and Lysimachus becomes Monarch of Syria Babylon Asia c. 3668. Antiochus Soter his Son succeeds him 282. 3666. Ptolomeus Philadelphus King of Egypt began to Reign 284. 3690 to 3700. The LXXII Translators of the Bible call'd the Septuagint 3670. The War between the Romans and Pyrrbus King of Epirus 3686. The first Punick or Carthaginian War began A. V. Rom. Condit 489. 264. 3733. The second Punick War began A. V. C. 536. Hannibal the Carthaginian passes the Alpes and invades Italy 3734. Defeats Flaminius and the Roman Army Fabius Maximus the Dictator opposes Hannibal 3735. Aemilius Paulus and Terentius Varro with all the Roman Army defeated by Hannibal at Cannae 3737. Hannibal's Army by Wintering at Capua becomes Luxurious and Effeminate which gives the Romans advantage 3740. Scipio call'd afterwards Africanus chosen Proconsul of Spain at 24 Years of Age. 3746. Scipio passes over into Africa and by his Victories there obliges the Carthaginians to re-call Hannibal 3737. Syracusa taken by Marcellus Consul notwithstanding the vigorous Resistance owing to the ingenious Machines of Archimedes the Year of Rome 590. 213. EPOCHA IX 3750. Scipio or the Carthaginians conquered 200. This Epocha descends to the Birth of our Saviour and lasts 200 Years THe long Wars maintained by the Carthaginians against the Romans have made the Name of Carthage famous for ever The First lasted 24 Years It was begun upon the Account of the Mammertins who being attack'd by King Hieroi and the Carthaginians were assisted with great Supplies by the Romans The 2d Punick War lasted 17 Years It was fatal to Rome by the Losses she received from Hannibal in Italy but it had a glorious Issue in Africa where Scipio was very prosperous and gain'd a great Advantage He twice defeated the Enemy commanded by Asdrubal and Siphax King of Numidia The next Year after he routed Hannibal killed 20000 of his Men and took as many Prisoners with 11 Elephants After which Carthage besieg'd both by Sea and Land submitted upon Conditions very advantagious for Rome where Scipio entred leading Siphax in Triumph and merited the Sirname of Africanus in the Year of Rome 553. 3762. Hannibal flies to Prusias King of Bithynia where he Poisons himself for fear of falling into the Hands of the Romans 3763. Scipio the Younger born 3768. Scipio Africanus the Elder died 3775. Antiochus Epiphanes King of Syria began to Reign Rages against the Iews 3782. He plunders the Temple of Ierusalem and puts the Macchabees to Death 173. 3775. Hircanus the Jewish Captain 3784. Iudas Macchabaeus the Jewish Captain 165. 3779. Perseus King of Macedon wars with the Romans 3782. Paulus Aemilius overcomes Perseus and thereby the Kingdom of Macedon which had lasted 645 Years from Caranus to Perseus and had for the space of near 200 Years given Masters to Greece and all the East becomes now a Roman Province 168. 3801. The third Punick War begins 3805. The end of the third Punick War Carthage taken plunder'd and burnt down under the Conduct of the young Scipio Aemilius who wept over the City afterwards returned in Triumph to Rome with the glorious Sirname of young Africanus in the Year of Rome 608. 145. 3795. Terence the Comick Poet lived 3816. Scipio Aemilius arrives in Spain 3817. Numantia the second Terror of the Romans taken and destroyed 132. 3827. Mithridates King of Pontus who had great Wars with the Romans 4846. Aristobulus King of Iudea 102. 3866. The Civil War between Marius and Sylla began A. V. C. 666 82. 3867. Sylla returning from the Mithridatick War commits great Cruelties in Italy 3869. Is made perpetual Dictator which Office he voluntarily resign'd at 3 Years end 3873. Alexandra Salome governs the Iews 78. 3882. Aristobulus her Son succeeds 66. 3887. Ierusalem taken by Pompey 61. 3887. Marcus Tullius Cicero Consul of Rome 61. 3887. Cateline's Conspiracy detected 61. 3890. The Confederation or Triumvirate of Pompey Caesar and Crassus whence the Loss of Rome's Liberty is dated 58. 3895. Caesar conquers the Gauls 53. 3896. Caesar invades Britain 52. 3897. Crassus rifles the Temple of Ierusalem slain in Parthia 51. 3901. Caesar displeas'd with the Actions of Pompey and being deny'd the Consulate enters Italy with his Army which obliges Pompey to fly 47. 3902. The Battle between Caesar and Pompey at Pharsalia wherein Pompey is slain 46. 3903. Caesar made Dictator Corrects the Calendar 3907. Is kill'd in the Senate-house by Brutus and Cassius A. V. C. 710. 41. 3908. Brutus and Cassius being defeated at the Fields of Philippi kill themselves 3908. The Triumvirate of Mark-Anthony Lepidus and Augustus 3919. Anthony and Augustus having ruin'd Lepidus's Party quarrel with one another Anthony loses the Battle of Actium where the Mastery of the Universe lay at Stake Alexandria opens the Gates to the young Caesar. Cleopatria kills her self after Anthony and Egypt becomes a Roman Province 29. 3924. Rome being now
World during the space of 240 Years that is from the beginning of Cyrus's Empire to that of Xerxes being the time when our Historian wrote The Bishop of Meaux in his Universal History terms Herodotus the Great Historian Vossius de Historicis Graecis Lib. 1. Cap. 3. says That Herodotus design'd to have written the History of the Assyrians wherein he was to treat of the Kings of Babylon but that he believ'd that Work was never Publish'd because Herodotus was prevented finishing it by his Death Yet we may read Lib. 8. Hist. Animal Cap. 18. that Aristotle accus'd Herodotus of advancing an Untruth against Natural History when he affirm'd that an Eagle drank at the Siege of Nineveh for it is certain that those Birds which have hook'd Claws never drink Now this Passage which Aristotle reproaches Herodotus for is not to be found in his Work of the Nine Muses and therefore must have been in his History of the Assyrians Nineveh having been the Capital City of Assyria which may give a reasonable conjecture that he had written that History yet nevertheless the Ancients have made no manner of mention of it Vossius does not believe that the Life of Homer found at the end of Herodotus's History belong'd to him as some would have it and the Reason he gives seems to carry Authority along with it For says he Herodotus in his Euterpe places the Birth of Homer above 200 Years more backward than the Author of his Life has done Herodotus dy'd at Thuries whither he had voluntarily banish'd himself to be the more intent on his Studies and the Composing of his History II Thucydides was of illustrious Parentage It is reported That his Grand-father Marry'd the Daughter of a King of Thrace but what is more certain is That he himself was a Citizen of Athens He was a young Student in one of the most famous Colleges of Greece at the same time that Herodotus read his History With this Work he was infinitely Charm'd and could not help shewing so much Jealousie of the Author as if he had despair'd of ever performing the like which Heredotus perceiving immediately Prophesied that he would be a great Man and moreover told his Father That he was happy to have a Son at this Age who had so great a Sense of Fame and Glory His History was design'd to have contain'd all the Peloponesian War being that between the States of Athens and Sparta which lasted full 27 Years but he dy'd while he was about the 21st Year of it Theopompus supply'd the 6 other Years This History of Thucydides is divided into VIII Books Cicero professes a great esteem for Thucydides his manner of Writing when he Styles him Authorem subtilem Acutum Brevem Sententiis magis quam verbis abundantem Lib. 2. de Oratoria Father Rapin likewise in his Instructions for History affords this Author great Commendation for he says the same thing of his Style as Cicero had done before him The Style of Thucydides says he is more Noble and Lofty than that of Herodotus yet at the same time it fails of being so Natural and Easie. In some places it has those harshnesses which render it Obscure and it is every where more Luxuriant than the Style of Herodotus Thucydides says the same Author in another Place has Fire Force and Grandeur every thing in his Writings keeps up its self and nothing Languishes and Grovels It is in this that he excells Herodotus who frequently loses himself and grows too diffusive where he gives too great a loose to his Genius Longinus observes that Thucydides sometimes confounds the most regular Methods the better to surprize by a disorder and to change his Narration the oftner He also sometimes relates Things past as if they had been present and this to have the advantage of describing an Action which moves a Reader more as likewise renders him more Attentive Lucian finds fault with this Author's description of the Plague of Athens in the second Book of his History and this perhaps with reason enough for however Prudent he may be allow'd in other places yet there he has run out a little too much Lucian says also that Thucydides has succeeded better than other Historians in his Harangues for what he puts in the Mouths of the principal Actors in his History viz. Pericles Nicias Alcibiades Archidamus sometimes a whole Nation together are admâ—rable Instructions for Orators and to which Demosthenes was not a little beholden who became so great a Master in that Art Vossius says after Lucian that Demosthenes copy'd Thucydides's History eight times with his own Hand and likewise that the Emperor Charles V. always carry'd a French Translation of him about him where-ever he went Monsieur Rapin says farther That Thucydidâ—s and Livy are both sufficient to acquaint a Man what Genius History requires for that Antiquity has nothing to boast of more perfect than their Works There is nothing almost to be desir'd more in either of them unless it be that the former were more Natural and the latter more Sincere Thucydides has establish'd his Reputation with so pure Ideas that he deserves to be Credited in all Ages It is hard to meet with one of this Author 's excellent Temper who tho' he had been extreamly wrong'd by the Tyrant Pericles yet he always prais'd him as often as he found occasion and did frequent Justice to the Athenians tho' they had Banish'd him their Common-wealth He was a Man not at all guided by Passion and who propos'd only in what he writ to content the Judgment of Posterity by always speaking the Truth In a word Thucydides was exact in all that he writ and faithful and disinteressed in all he said and tho' he sometimes seems Austere and Suâ—ly yet is it ever what consists with Grandeur Photius says that as Herodotus is to be imitated by those that have a mind â—o be perfect in the Ionick Dialect so is Thucydides by such as would excel in the Attick Monsieur Le Vayer says that Thucydides had the Honour to be the first that gave a Soul to History by the several Harangues he made use of in all the three kinds 〈…〉 Whâ—â— before him it was but either a 〈…〉 or dead Body He flourish'd about the 〈…〉 before Christ A. M. 3490. 〈◊〉 Xenophon the Son of Gallus a Native of Athens was all at once a great Philosopher a great General and a great Historian Diogenes Laertius reports one thing of him which sufficiently demonstrates his Honesty He says that the Works of Thucydides having been lost and one Copy remaining only in Xenophon's Hands whereby that Author might have publish'd them for his own he nevertheless gave them to the Publick under the Name of their great Compiler Notwithstanding this the Athenians having afterwards suspected him of adhering to the Lacedemonians their Enemies banish'd him their Country He flourish'd about the Year of the World 3560. He is the first Philosoper that apply'd himself
Armies ready to engage in the Air How many Lakes and Rivers of Blood Monsieur Rapin speaks thus of him The Nobleness of Livy's Expression ravishes my Soul into extasy 't is about Two thousand Years since that Historian commands a respectful intention from all Nations by his Awful and Majestick way of speaking which has been the admiration of all Ages To speak the Truth nothing satisfies my Mind so well as his admirable choice of Words always proportioned to his Sentiments and his excellent manner of Expressiing the Sentiments always conformable to the things he speaks of In short he has hit best of any Man upon that sort of Stile which Cicero advises to Historians And it is by that great Pattern that Buchanan Mariana Paulus Aemilius Paulus Iovius and all those that have outlived the Times they flourish'd in have squared their way of writing History Livy has a very engaging way of telling a Story which is his admirable Skill of mixing little things with great ones because great things by themselves are fatiguing and require great attentions whereas little ones are pleasant and unbend ones Mind According to the same method he varies his Adventures makes sad things succeed those that are pleasant and mixes very discreetly the shining with the Dark that he may keep up the Reader 's attention by that agreeable Variety The most perfect Pattern we find in History of a great Action related with all the heightening and enforcing Circumstances is the March of Hannibal into Italy described in the 31st Book of Livy's Annals This in my Opinion is the most finished Piece in all his History and we meet with few things of that strength in all Antiquity Never was a greater Design framed by a more extraordinary Soul And never was any thing Executed with more Boldness or Resolution The Question was how to come out of Africa go through all Spain surmount the Pyrenees cross the Rhine a River so broad and so rapid near its Mouth and whose Banks were thick set with so many Enemies open ones self a Way through the ragged Alps a thing never attempted before March continually over Precipices dispute the Ground at every step with a People that lay in Ambush in a continued Defile and that too among the Snow the Ice the Rain and the Torrents brave the Storms and Thunders wage War against Heaven and Earth and all the Elements draw after one an Army of a Hundred thousand Men of different Nations and all dissatisfied with a Captain whose Courage they cannot imitate Fear seizes the Soldiers Hearts and Hannibal alone remains in an unconcern'd Tranquility the Danger that surrounds him on every side casts all the Army into Consternation while his great Soul is still composed and serene All things are described with the most dreadful Circumstances The Image of the Danger is expressed in every word and never was any thing in History either more finished or touched with deeper Colours and greater or bolder Strokes Quintilian declares that of all Historians Livy has signalized himself most by these render and delicate ways wherewith he has touched the softest motions of the Soul The Rape of the Sabinae and the tenderness they exprest to disarm both the Romans their Husbands and the Sabins their Fathers Lucretia's Death and her Body exposed to publick view to stir up the People to Rebellion against the Tarquins Vetturia prostrate at her Son Coriolanus's Feet to avert the Siege of Rome which he intended Virginia Stabb'd by her own Father the Consternation Rome was under after the Battle of Cannae and a thousand such other Strokes touched in his History in the tenderest and most delicate manner and with the most pathetick Expressions imaginable are fine instances of it And 't is principally in this Author that we ought to study the way of expressing the Passions as they ought to be touch'd in History For he never animates it but where a Heat is requisite The Description of the Place where Hannibal attack'd Minutius in the 22d Book of Livy's Annals is a Passage extreamly well touch'd Livy speaking of Lucretia who was so handsom in her Husband's Eye without mentioning her Face does only describe her Virtue and gives us in four Words the greatest Idea we can frame of an honest Woman Lucretiam nocte sera non in convivio luxuque sed deditam lanae inter Ancillas sedentem inveniunâ— Livy goes on his way without stopping any where he tells you what he knows about the things he speaks of and leaves the Reader at liberty to make what Reflections he thinks fit without preventing him by his own And if he does 't is but seldom and then too in few Words but Noble and Great as when he relates the Crime and Punishment of Appius who had ravished Virginia The only Model we ought to propose to our imitation in point of Digressions is Livy when he steps out of the Roman History to speak his Thoughts about the success which Alexander might have had if he had bent his Arms against Italy He is very cautious in speaking his Opinion and that too without labouring to prevent the Minds of People by a studied excuse His Reasoning upon that Subject is very curious and not at all out of its place There are Beauties that consist only in a turn of Eloquence or Wit They are very surprizing and look wonderfully well when artfully placed Here are some Examples out of Livy Porsenna King of Clusium besieges Rome Caius Mutius deeply touched with the Danger his Country is in by so pressing a Siege goes into Porsenna's Camp and kills the King's Secretary whom he mistakes for the King himself who stood then just by him The King Commands burning Coals to be brought to force him by the Torment of Fire to own his Accomplices This Couragious Youth without any manner of Concern puts his Hand into the Fire and lets it burn to the last without so much as turning Pale upon the Matter and thus bespeaks the King See what a Contemptible thing Life is to those who have true Glory in Prospect These Words spoken with Resolution presently change the face of things The Murderer as odious and abominable as he is casts the beholders into Wonder and Amazement They look upon him with respect and send him back with Commendation at the same time that they were preparing the most exquisite Torments for his Punishment 'T is only one Word that occasions this sudden change and this Word well placed is a very great Ornament in a Narration Thus Fabius having retaken Tarentum Hannibal the Vanquished spoke these fine Words which savoured still of the Conqueror praising himself to praise his Enemy The Romans said he have also at last their Hannibal This is a very proud way of being humble These Strokes are very frequent in that Historian and indeed nothing can give a greater Idea either of these we make thus speak when they do it well or of him that makes them
whom proceeded the Paphlagonians 3. Togarmath of whom came the Phrygians Iavan had four Sons 1. Elishah of whom came the Italians or the Inhabitants of the Fortunate Islands which were called Elisiae 2. Tarshish of whom proceeded the Cilicians the Capital City whereof is Tarsus 3. Kittim from whom descended the Cyprians of which the Capital City is called Cytinium The Hebrews give the Name of Chittim to all the Cities and Provinces which are upon the Sea-Coast for which Reason 't is said of Alexander the Great that he comes from the Land of Chittim and the same Name in Scripture is applied to Italy 4. Dodonim from whom came the Rhodians or rather the Dodoneans in Epirus These are the Families of the Sons of Noah after their Generations in their Nations and by these were the Nations divided in tho Earth after the Flood Gen. X. 32. And now after all this Account does it not appear that the World is but of a short Date We here find Laws first Enacted the Manners polished Empires founded and Arts invented The Earth we find peopled by little and little Experience improved and Mankind by degrees awaking out of the Slumber of Ignorance Husbandry then began to be in Use wild Beasts were caught and tamed for the Service of Mankind Abundance of Inventions and Sciences began then to appear and Nimrod the first Warrior and other of the first Heroes began to Signalize themselves Should we look beyond this Account which Moses has given us of the Origine of the World we shall meet with nothing but Darkness Obscurity and Chaos and no Wonder if Fables and Fictions be the Product of such Beginnings Whereas if we fix here we find Truth and Light and Certainty whereon to build some Assurance and to which we may give our free Assent and Consent A REMARK Concerning the Heads of the Families of the People of God JACOB had twelve Sons who were the twelve Heads from whence the twelve Tribes of the People of God proceeded By his Wife Leah he had six Sons 1. Reuben 2. Simeon 3. Levi. 4. Iudah 5. Issachar 6. Zabulon By his Wife Zilpah he had two Sons 1. Gad. 2. Aser By his Wife Rachel he had two Sons 1. Ioseph 2. Benjamin By his Wife Bilhah he had two Sons 1. Dan. 2. Nephthali Iacob who had a great deal of Esteem and Affection for Rachel continued the same Respect for her after her Death Therefore having only two Sons by her Ioseph and Benjamin he adopts the two Sons of Ioseph Ephraim and Manasses that so by placing these among the rest of his Sons he might give himself some Comfort for the small number of Children which he had by her 'T is upon this account that Iacob blessed Ephraim and Manasses as well as his own Children which he did after a strange and surprising manner Manasses was the eldest and therefore Iacob's Right Hand should have been laid upon him and his Left on Ephraim But the quite contrary happen'd which made Ioseph inform his Father of the Mistake supposing it had been through the Dimness of his Sight But Iacob tells him I know it my Son I know it Manasses shall become the Head of many People and he shall be great but his Brother Ephraim shall be greater than he and his Seed shall become a Multitude of Nations Gen. 48.19 These are the Heads of the Twelve Tribes of Israel and this is it that their Father spake to them and blessed them every one according to his Blessing he blessed them Gen. 49.28 Sect. 2. The State of the People of God under the 22 Iudges or Leaders This State lasts 426 Years that is from Moses the first Leader of the People of God to Saul the first of their Kings Among these there are six of the Leaders who were not Hebrews but Tyrants to whom God delivered his People to punish them for their Sins Years of the World Years before Christ. 2453. 1. MOSES begins to govern the People of God and leads them for the space of Forty Years 1497 2493. 2. IOSHVA governs the Iews and within six years about the year of the World 2499 setled them in the Promised Land 1457 2510. Ioshua dies having governed the People of God about 17 years after the Death of Moses 1440 The Elders govern the Iews who are obedient to God for the space of 15 years 2525. There is an Interregnum among the Iews for the space of six years during which time the People lived according as they thought fit They became corrupted in their Manners fell into downright Idolatry and provoked God to give them up to the Cruelty of their Enemies 1425 2531. I. The First Servitude which lasted Eight years 1419 3. Chushan-rishathaim King of Mesopotamia oppresses the People of God 2539. 4. Othniel frees the People of God from their Servitude 1411 2551. II. The Second Servitude which lasted Eighteen years 1399 5. Eglon the King of Moab oppresses the People of God 2570. 6. Ehud delivers the People of God He was a valiant Man and as the Scripture tells us was Left-handed 1380 2631. III. The Third Servitude which lasted Twenty years 1319 7. Iabin the King of Canaan oppresses the People of God 2651 8. Deborah who judged the Iews together with Barak defeats Sisera Iabin's General and delivers the People of God Iael Heber's Wife fastens Sisera's Head while he was asleep with a Nail to the Ground 1299 2671. IV. The Fourth Servitude which lasted Seven years 9. The Midianites oppress the Iews 2679. 10. Gideon defeats the Midianites and delivers the Iews from their Servitude 1271 After the Death of Gideon the Iews fall into Idolatry 2711. 11. Abimilech the Son of Gideon desiring to be made King kills his seventy Brethren and governs the Iews three years 1239 2714. 12. Tolah judges the Iews the space of three and twenty years 1236 2737. Iair governs the Iews the space of two and twenty years 1213 2741. V. The Fifth Servitude which lasted Eighteen years 1209 14. The Philistines and Ammonites afflict the People of God in the time of Iair's Government 2759. 15. Iephtha succeeds Iair delivers the Israelites from the Servitude of the Philistines and the Ammonites and governs the Iews six years The Scriptures take notice that this Man made a rash Vow to sacrifice the first who should give him the Meeting upon his Return from the Conquest who happen'd to be his own Daughter 1191 2765. 16. Ibzan succeeds Iephtha and judges Israel seven years 1185 2772. 17. Elon judges the Iews the space of ten years 1178 2782. 18. Abdon governs Israel the space of eight years 1168 2767. VI. The Sixth Servitude which lasted almost Forty years 1183 19. The Philistines afflict the People of God 2789. 20. Sampson when he was about Nineteen years old being inspired by God undertakes to defend the Israelites whom he judges for the space of twenty years and as far as he was able delivered from the Tyranny of the Philistines of
hundred fourscore and five thousand Men. In his time likewise the King of Babylon sent Ambassadors to Hezekiah who out of Civility shewed them the House of his precious Things and all his Treasury which gave an occasion to Isaiah of prophesying concerning the future Babylonish Captivity Nahum prophecied and comforted the Ten Captive Tribes The Angel Raphael was sent by God to attend young Tobias in the Journey he was to take 3252. 16. Manasses a wicked King succeeded his Father Hezekiah at the age of twelve years and reigned five and fifty years 698 3274. Manasses was taken and carried to Babylon in the two and twentieth year of his Reign But his Affliction made him reflect and humble himself in the sight of God upon which he was brought immediately back to Ierusalem where he reigned three and thirty years more 676 At this time happened the History of Iudith who cut off the Head of Holofernes and delivered the City of Betâ—uliah 3307. 17. Amon a wicked King succeeded his Father Manasses and reigned two years after him and was killed treacherously by some of his own Court 643 3309. 18. Iosias a good King at the age of eight years succeeded his Father Amon and reign'd one and thirty years He re-established the Worship of God throughout his Kingdom and exceeded in Virtue all the Kings who had went before him 641 3321. Iosias in the twelfth year of his Reign purged Iudah and Ierusalem from their Idolatry 629 Ieremiah began to prophecy and continued it for the space of near five and forty years Zephaniah Baruch Habakkuk and other Prophets belong to this time 3338. Iosias inconsiderately waged War with Pharaoh Neko King of Egypt wherein he was killed and all the Joy of Iudah was turned into Mourning 612 19. Iehoahaz or Shallum succeeded his Father and reigned three months Neko King of Egypt returning from Assyria deposed Iehoahaz and made his elder Brother Eliakim King in his stead turning his Name into Iehoiakim and carried Iehoahaz along with him Captive to Egypt where he died 3339. 20. Iehoiakim succeeded his Brother and reigned over Iudah eleven years 611 3344. This year Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon took Iehoiakim Captive with an intention to carry him to Babylon afterwards having released him upon very hard Terms he left him at Ierusalem where he remained as his Vassal This Nebuchadnezzar carried away with him part of the Vessels of the Temple with several Children of the Blood Royal and several Persons of Quality among whom was Daniel and his Companions 'T is here we must begin to reckon the Seventy Years of Captivity 606 Daniel begins to prophesy being then very young 3350. Iehoiakim was kill'd by the Babylonians and cast out to be devoured by the Fowls of the Air and the Beasts of the Field 600 21. Iechonias or Iehoiachin succeeded his Brother Iehoiakim and reigned in Ierusalem the space of three months But Nebuchadnezzar carried him away to Babylon with his Mother and the principal Men of his Court among whom were Ezekiel and Mordecai the Uncle of Esther with all the Treasures of Iudah and all the Vessels of the Temple which remained He made his Uncle Mattaniah King and changed his Name to Zedekiah 3350. 22. Zedekiah the last King of Iudah reigned at Ierusalem the space of eleven years 600 Ezekiel began to prophecy the fifth year of his Captivity at Babylon and prophecied to the seven and twentieth year He was descended from the Race of the Priests 3360. In the eleventh year of Zedekiah Ierusalem was besieged taken and plunder'd by the Babylonians Zedekiah was taken in his flight His Children killed before his face his Eyes put out himself bound with Fetters of Brass and carried away to Babylon His Palace was burnt the Temple destroyed the Walls of Ierusalem thrown down and all the People of Iudah led Captive to Babylon where they remained till the year of the World 3419 before Christ 531. 590 Here follows the Succession of the Kings of Israel The State of the Ten Tribes under the Government of Nineteen Kings from the beginning of the Reign of Jeroboam to the end of the Reign of Hosea in whose time they were carried into Captivity by Shalmaneser This State lasted 258 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 2969. 1. JEroboam the Son of Nobat was made King and reigned over Israel two and twenty years He to strengthen himself and to keep the People from revolting to Rehoboam set up two Golden Calves the one at Dan and the other at Bethel and by this means made Israel to sin 981 In his Reign a Man of God was sent out of Iudah who prophesied against the Altar at Bethel foretold the Ruin of it by Iosiah restored Ieroboam's wither'd Hand and was slain by a Lion for disobeying the Command of God in eating contrary to the Divine Prohibition at the old Prophet's House 2991. 2. Nadab a wicked King succeeded his Father Ieroboam and reigned two years He and all Ieroboam's Family were cut off by Baasha according as Ahijah the Shilonite had foretold 959 2993. 3. Baasha a wicked King succeeded Nadab and reigned over Israel four and twenty years He was engaged in a War with Asa King of Iuda walked in the Sin of Ieroboam and was threatned by Iehu the Prophet the Son of Hanani 957 3016. 4. Elah a wicked King succeeded his Father Baasha and reigned over Israel two years He was killed by Zimri as he was drinking himself drunk in Tirzab 934 3018. 5 Zimri succeeded Elah but was outed by Omri within seven days 932 6. Omri succeeded Zimri killed Tibni who opposed him translated the Royal Palace from Tirzah to Samaria and reigned over Israel twelve years 3029. 7. Ahab a wicked and idolatrous King succeeded his Father Omri and reigned over Israel two and twenty years He married Iezebel the Daughter of Ethbaal King of the Zidonians was a Worshipper of Baal killed the Prophets of the Lord was besieged by Benhadad King of Syria whom he overcame and sent away with Honour Caused Naboth the Iezreelite to be stoned to Death and unlawfully seized on his Vineyard and at last was seduced by false Prophets to go to Ramoth Gilead to Battel where he was slain according to the Word of the Lord spoken by Micaiah the Prophet 921 In this Kings Reign Hiel the Bethelite built Iericho He laid the Foundation thereof in Abiram his First-born and set up the Gates thereof in his youngest Son Segub according to the Word of the Lord which he spake by Ioshua the Son of Nun. 1 King 16.34 3050. 8. Ahaziah a wicked King succeeded his Father Ahab and reigned over Israel two years He was hurt by a fall sent Messengers to Baalzebub the God of Ekron to enquire whether he should recover or no Elijah meets and stops the Messengers denounces the Death of the King and brings Fire from Heaven upon his Messengers 900 3051. 9. Iehoram a wicked King succeeded his Brother Ahaziah and reigned over
Israel twelve years He overcame the Moabites by Elisha's Miracle was besieged by the Syrians and afterwards slain by Iehu 899 In his time the Shunamite's Son was raised to Life by Elisha Naaman was cleansed of his Leprosy the Army of the Syrians was struck with Blindness a great Famine happened in Samaria the Syrians raised the Siege in haste and leave a great Plenty of Provisions behind them and the incredulous Lord who would not believe the Prophet Elisha who foretold this Plenty having the Charge of the Gate was trodden to death by the Croud 3063. 10. Iehu the Son of Nimshi was anointed King by a Prophet at Ramoth-Gilead Killed Iehoram and his Mother Iezebel and Ahaziah the King of Iudah and reigned over Israel eight and twenty years He killed all the Sons of Ahab destroyed the Worshippers of Baal but follows the Sin of Ieroboam and worshiped the Golden Calves 887 3091. 11. Iehoahaz a wicked King succeeded his Father Iehu and reigned over Israel seventeen years He was greatly oppressed by Hazael King of Syria but was reliev'd by Prayer 859 3107. 12. Iehoash or Ioash a wicked King succeeded his Father Iehoahaz and reigned over Israel sixteen years He obtained three Victories over Banadad King of Syria according to the Propheâ—y of Elisha who died in his Reign 843 3123. 13. Ieroboam a wicked King succeeded his Father Ioash and reigned over Israel one and forty years He recovered Hamath and Damascus from the Syrians but departed not from the Idolatry of Ieroboam the Son of Nabat who made Israel to sin 827 3164. Here happened an Interregnum which lasted Twelve Years after which 786 3175. 14. Zachariah a wicked King succeeded his Father Ieroboam and reigned over Israel six months He was the last of Iehu's Race and killed by Shallum 775 3175. 15. Shallum succeeds Zachariah and reigns only one month and is killed by Menahem 775 3176. 16. Menahem succeeded Shallum and reigned over Israel ten years He was invaded by Pul King of Assyria to whom he gave Money to settle him in the Kingdom 774 3187. 17. Pekahiah a wicked King succeeded his Father Menahem and reigned over Israel two years He was killed by Pekah 763 3189. 18. Pekah a wicked King succeeded Pekahiah and reigned over Israel twenty years and was killed by Hoshea 761 In his time Tiglath Pileser King of Assyria carried the People of Gilead and Galilee and the Land of Naphthali into Captivity 3210. 19. Hoshea the Son of Elah a wicked King succeeds Pekah and reigned 17 years He became Tributary to Shalmaneser but rebelling against him was carried away Captive with all the Ten Tribes in the year of the World 3227 before Christ 723. This Shalmaneser transplanted several strange People into the Country of Israel who worshipped Idols and afterwards being plagued made a mixture of Religions partly Heathen and partly Jewish 740 And now to this short View which has been given of the State and Condition of the People of God under the Government of their Kings it will not be amiss to add one or two Remarks REMARK I. IN the first place it may be observed from God's Dealings with his own People the Iews in this whole Period of Time how and after what manner he generally deals with Publick Communities and Societies of Men. So long as the Kings and their Subjects were Obedient to his Laws and served him with an upright Heart so long did he give them Peace and Prosperity at home and Success and Conquest abroad But when at any time they deviated from their Duty and set up an Idolatrous Worship instead of worshipping the only true God then he gave them over to the Will of their Enemies and made them who hated them to be Lords over them This is apparent in the whole Series of this History and what Samuel foretold and threatned upon the Establishment of their first King was abundantly verified upon them at last viz. That if they did wickedly God would destroy both them and their King For when the Measure of their Iniquity was filled and they had arrived to the highest Perfection of Impiety Human Nature was capable of then were they carried into Captivity their Temple and City defaced and themselves made Slaves to the Heathens whose Gods they had worshipped I need not Instance in any more Particulars since all the World knows and our own Nation has experienced that Publick Communities considered as such receive according to their Deserts their Rewards or Punishments even in this World REMARK II. IN the next Place it may be observed from the Revolt of the Ten Tribes how Dangerous and Prejudicial and of what ill Consequence Faction is in the State as well as Schism in the Church From Ieroboam down to Hoshea we find not so much as one good King who reigned in Israel The first King established his Usurpation by wicked and unlawful Methods and the rest continued it by as bad or worse They were all Idolaters and corrupted the People so far that at last they provoked God to throw them out of his Embraces to permit them to be led away into Captivity by Shalmaneser and to cut off the very Memory oâ— them from the Face of the Earth And if God as the Apostle speaks upon the like Occasion dealt thus with the Natural Branches his own peculiar People the Iews let not us then who by Nature were Branches of the Wild Olive Tree and were grafted contrary to Nature into the Good Olive Tree let not us I say be high-minded but fear For Faction in the State as well as Schism in the Church do in their own Nature tend to the Ruin and Destruction of both Sect. 4 The State of the People of God in the Time of the 22 Ancestors of Jesus Christ. This State lasted 590 Years that is from the end of the Reign of Zedekiah to the Birth of Jesus Christ who is that Corner Stone which united the two Covenant or Testaments This Genealogy is according to St. Luke's Account in the Third Chapter of his Gospel IT must here be observed That thô we are very well assured that these two and twenty Ancestors of Iesus Christ did live between the end of the Reign of Zedekiah and the Birth of the Messiah that is before the year of the World 3950 yet we are ignorant how many years each of them lived for History gives us no Light in the Case Nay 't is very probable that we should not have come to the knowledge of their Names had not St. Luke recorded them for us in the Third Chapter of his Gospel Potest fieri says St. Ambrose ut alii longaevam transegerint vitam alterius verò generationis viri immaturâ aetate decesserint i. e. 'T is probable that some of them were long-lived and others cut off by an untimely Death in the very Flower of their Age. 'T is upon this Account that we range these two and twenty Ancestors within the compass of
till the year of Christ 70 or according to the vulgar Account 67 at which time Vespasian laid Iudea waste but upon Intelligence of the Death of Nero he left Iudea and went to Rome Within a while after he sent his Son Titus who besieged and took Ierusalem The Famine was so great in that City towards the end of the Siege that a Woman was forced to kill her own Child to eat The Temple was burnt and Titus gave his Soldiers leave to riffe and burn the City At this time was fulfilled the Saying of our Saviour who foretold of Ierusalem that killed her Prophets That she should be destroyed and not one stone left upon another Phanias was High-Priest when Ierusalem was taken A. D. 70 and forty years after the Death of Iesus Christ. CHAP. II. An Account of the Assyrian Monarchy HAving in the preceding Chapter given you a short but exact Account of the State and Condition of the People of God from the Creation down to our Saviours time We shall now proceed to Prophane History where we must not expect to meet with that Accuracy and Exactness of Chronology which Moses and others of the Inspired Writers have observed in their Accounts In this and the three next Chapters we will Treat briefly of the Four Great Monarchies viz. The Assyrian Persian Grecian and Roman And afterwards we shall give you a short Account of the other Monarchies and Republicks which were Contemporary to them The Monarchy of the Assyrians is the first of the four but before we treat of it we think it not amiss to give you a short Description of that Country Assyria properly so called was a Country of a large Extent situated in Asia Major Bounded on the North by Armenia the Greater on the East by Media on the South by Susiana and Babylonia and on the West by the River Tigris which parts it from Mesopotamia which at present is called Diarbech But the Empire of the Assyrians or which is called Assyria Major was of a greater Extent for it took in Syria Mesopotamia Babylonia Persia in a word all Asia except the Indies This was the State of the Assyrians under Semiramis It has been observed that nothing is more intricate and difficult than to trace the first Beginnings of Monarchies which are commonly dark and obscure and full of Fables This is apparently true with respect to that of the Assyrian the first Rise of which is very hard to find out Authors are divided in their Opinions about it and as they differ very much in the Account they give us of its first Founder and of its Duration so they dissent as much in the Number and in the Names of the Kings who reigned over it Those who follow Herodotus as Vsher c. make Ninus to be the first Founder of it affirming the Chaldeans and the Arabs to have reigned in Assyria before his time They place the beginning of this Monarchy about the year of the World 2737 before Christ 1213. So that its Duration from that time to Belshazzar the last of the Assyrian Monarchs takes up 656 years Others who follow Diodorus Siculus such as Sethus Calvisius Petavius Helvicus c. make Nimrod to be the first Founder of the Assyrian Monarchy and place the beginning thereof in the year of the World 1788 before Christ 2162 so that the Duration of this Monarchy according to those Authors is about 1647 years Now thô the former Account seems most Authentick and carries the greatest Face of Truth yet we shall choose to follow the latter likewise in compliance to the generality of Historians and herein we shall first lay down the Succession of the Kings from Nimrod to Sardanapalus as they are copied from Theodorus Zuingerus by Gutberleth in whose time the Monarchy was divided into that of the Medes and Babylonians After which we will briefly relate the State and Condition of the Divided Monarchy under its separate Kings whose Names we will likewise give you from the same Author 1. The State of the Assyrian Monarchy from Nimrod its first Founder down to Sardanapalus which lasted about 1360 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 1788. 1. NImrod the Son of Cush built the Tower of Babel laid the Foundation of the Assyrian Monarchy and reigned 56 years 2162 1844. 2. Belus reckoned by some the same with Nimrod reigned 65 years 2106 1909. 3. Ninus he built Nineveh which was founded by Ashur conquered Zoroaster King of the Bactrians and reigned 52 years 2041 1961. 4. Semiramis the famous Assyrian Heroine built Walls round about Babylon enlarged her Territories reigned 42 years and was killed by her Son Ninias 1989 2003. 5. Ninias or Ninus succeeded his Mother and reigned 37 years 1947 2040. 6. Arius reigned 30 years 1910 2070. 7. Aratius reigned 40 years 1880 2110. 8. Baleus or Balaneus reigned 30 years 1840 2140. 9. Armatrites reigned 37 years 1810 2177. 10. Belocus Priscus reigned 36 years 1773 2213. 11. Baleus Iunior he reigned 52 years 1737 2265. 12. Altades reigned 32 years 1685 2297. 13. Mamitus reigned 30 years 1653 2327. 14. Mancaleus reigned 30 years 1623 2357. 15. Sphaerus reigned 20 years 1593 2377. 16. Mamelus reigned 30 years 1573 2407. 17. Spartus reigned 40 years 1543 2447 18. Ascatades reigned 40 years 1503 2487. 19. Amyntas reigned 45 years 1463 2532. 20. Belochus junior reigned 25 years 1418 2557. 21. Belopares reigned 30 years 1393 2587. 22. Lamprides reigned 32 years 1363 2619. 23. Sosares reigned 20 years 1331 2639. 24. Lampares reigned 30 years 1311 2669. 25. Pannias reigned 45 years 1281 2714. 26. Sosarmus reigned 19 years 1236 2733. 27. Mitreus reigned 27 years 1217 2760. 28. Tautanes reigned 32 years 1190 2792. 29. Teuteus reigned 40 years 1158 2832. 30. Thyneus reigned 30 years 1118 2862. 31. Dercylus reigned 40 years 1088 2902. 32. Eupales reigned 38 years 1048 2940. 33. Laosthenes reigned 45 years 1010 2985. 34. Pyriciades reigned 30 years 965 3015. 35. Ophrateus reigned 20 years 935 3035. 36. Ophraganeus reigned 50 years 915 3085. 37. Ascarzapes reigned 42 years 865 3127. 38. Sardanapalus reigned 20 years He led a soft and effeminate Life and at last in the year of the World 3148 before Christ 802 Arbaces conspir'd against him besieg'd Nineveh and took it Sardanapalus to avoid the Shame of being taken by his Enemies burnt himself with all his Concubines and Riches in his own Royal Palace Upon his Death the Monarchy was divided 823 ☞ Our Countryman Mr. Tallents in his Chronological Tables takes notice that Iustin in his History saith This Empire lasted from the time of Ninyas or Ninus to Sardanapalus about 1300 Years which comes pretty near the Truth but makes no mention of the Kings who succeeded Ninus who grew Effeminate and Inglorious But the Names Tallents sets down out of Berosus Africanus transcribed by Eusebius which we think proper here to insert thereby to shew the Variety of Authors Opinions about the Names of these Kings
After Ninus he places 1. Arius Both the same with those in the former Catalogue 2. Aralius Both the same with those in the former Catalogue 3. Mamylus 4. Sparthaeus 5. Ascatades His Name is likewise mentioned in the former List. 6. Amyntas All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 7. Belochus All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 8. Balatores All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 9. Lamprides All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 10. Sosares All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 11. Lampraes All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 12. Panyâ—s All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 13. Sosarmus All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 14. Mithraeos All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 15. Teutamos All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 16. Teutaeus All these with a little Variation of a Letter or two are the same with those in the former Catalogue 17. Arabelus These are not in the List of Zuingerus 18. Chalaos These are not in the List of Zuingerus 19. Anabos These are not in the List of Zuingerus 20. Babios These are not in the List of Zuingerus 21. Thinaeos These four the same with those in the former List only Eupacmes here is there called Eupales 22. Dercylus These four the same with those in the former List only Eupacmes here is there called Eupales 23. Eupacmes These four the same with those in the former List only Eupacmes here is there called Eupales 24. Laosthenes These four the same with those in the former List only Eupacmes here is there called Eupales 25. Pyritiades 26. Ophrateus 27. Ephacheres 28. Acracarnes 29. Sardanapalus Notwithstanding the Darkness and Obscurity of these Times and the various Opinions of Authors about the first Founder and about the Names and Number of the succeeding Kings of the Assyrian Monarchy yet they afford us so much Light as to give us occasion to make these following Reflections REMARK I. THO' the Title of Monarchy belongs equally to all States that are under the Government of one single Prince who is stiled the Monarch of that State so govern'd yet in History it more peculiarly relates to the four great Monarchies of the World who succeeded each other and in their Turn conquered and gave Law to the other Petty Monarchies of the Earth REMARK II. THE first of these Monarchies was according to the joint Testimony of all Writers the Assyrian which by Historians both Sacred and Prophane is promiscuously stiled the Babylonian the Chaldean and the Assyrian Monarchy It was called the Babylonian Monarchy because of the Tower of Babel which Nimrod the first Founder of this Monarchy built and because a great many of its Monarchs held their Court at Babylon It was stiled the Chaldean Monarchy because Babylon was in Chaldea and several of its Kings were Chaldeans Lastly it is called the Assyrian Monarchy because Ninus after he had built Nineveh the Capital City of Assyria translated the Seat of the Empire thither REMARK III. FRom the Beginning Growth and Decay of the Assyrian Monarchy and of the other three we may once for all observe that the Providence of God thô unseen and unregarded had the greatest Share in advancing them from so small a Beginning to so great a Grandeur as to be at last the Terror and Scourge of the rest of the Inhabitants and Kingdoms of the Earth That the Designs and the Glory of this Supreme Being were all along carried on and promoted by these Humane Instruments even whilst they only thought of advancing their own private Interests and of enlarging their own Territories That when the Designs of this great King of Kings and Lord of Lords were once brought about and his Glory sufficiently signalized then he discarded those Instruments took the Empire away from them and bestowed it on another People This is so visible from the whole Series even of Prophane History that it needs no other Proof than the Considerate Perusal of what Historians have delivered to us about the various Changes and Revolutions that have happened in the several great Monarchies of the World Those who were the Greatest arrived by degrees to their Height from very small Beginnings and when they were there there they stopp'd some invisible Power giving a Check to their growing Greatness Afterwards we find that in the midst of all their Glory they have either dwindled away as they rose or else lost all they had been conquering for several Ages together within the compass of a few years or days And does not all this sufficiently prove an over-ruling Providence which takes care of all Human Affairs and disposes of Kings and Kingdoms as he thinks fit Having made these short and we hope useful Reflections we shall now proceed to give you an Account of the State of the Assyrian Monarchy as it was divided into that of the Medes and Babylonians Sardanapalus was conspired against by two of his Generals Arbaces and Belochus the former was made King of the Medes and latter King of the Babylonians The State of that part of the Assyrian Monarchy which was under the Babylonians from Belochus the first King to the Death of Belshazzar the last King which State lasts 271 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3148. 1. PHul Belochus after Sardanapalus reigned 48 years over the Assyrians 802 3196. 2. Tiglath Pileser reign'd 23 years His Name is mentioned in the Scriptures 754 3219. 3. Salmanasar succeeded reign'd 10 years 731 3229. 4. Sennacherib reign'd 7 years This was that King of Assyria mentioned in the Scriptures who brought an Army into Iudea besieged Ierusalem had his Army destroyed by an Angel retired in Confusion to Nineveh and was killed by his two Sons Adrammelech and Sharrizer who fled afterwards into Armenia 721 3236. 5. Assarhaddon succeeded his Father and reign'd 10 years 714 3246. 6. Merodach conquer'd Assarhaddon and reign'd 40 years 704 3286. 7. Ben. Merodach reigned 21 years 664 2307. 8. Nebuchadnezzar I. reign'd 35 years He in the 12th year of his Reign defeated Arphaxad King of the Medes by some called Dejoces who built the City of Echatane The next year he sent General Holofernes into the Land of Iudea who laid Siege to Bethulia and was beheaded by Iudith in his Tent. 643 3342.
mild enough to be prevailed upon by reasonable Advice till in the latter end of his Reign when the Persian Luxury had debauched him To these natural Qualifications his Father a wise and couragious Prince added an Education that finished this excellent Piece for in his tender years he was commited to the Care and Tuition of Aristotle that great Philosopher by whose Wisdom this Noble Prince was so far improved that An Philippo Patri aut Aristoteli magistro plus debuit Alexander is become a common Subject of Declamation in the Schools When he was but a Youth visiting his Father's Stables he saw the Horse Bucephalus whom when by reason of his fierceness none of the Grooms durst venture to ride he undertook to tame and leaping upon his Back rode him round the Ring his Father surprized and delighted with the Courage of his Son ran to him and with Kisses and Embraces bad him seek some larger Territories for Macedon was too straight to contain so great a Soul At the Age of 18 years he shewed a wonderful Courage in the Battel of Cheronesus against the Athenians wherein some say he saved his Father's Life and gained the whole Honour of that Expedition His Father Philip after he had gained many signal Victories in Greece was preparing for an Expedition into Persia but was hindred in it by Death being killed by Pausanias at the Wedding of his Daughter Cleopatra about the year 3615 and was succeeded by his Son Alexander who was at that time about 20 years of Age. Alexander to follow his Father's Example went to Peloponnesus and caused all the Confederated Cities of Greece to meet at Corinth where by the Consent of all except the Lacedomonians he was chosen Generalissimo of the Army raised against the Persians Soon after this viz. in the Spring of the year 3617 he marched through Thrace and made Incursions into the Country of the Triballians and Illyrians He had a bloody Engagement upon the Banks of the Danube and therein defeated Sirmus the King of the Triballians Upon occasion of this Battel a Report ran that Alexander was beaten which Demosthenes corrupted with Persian Gold so inculcated at Athens that the People believed it and Revolted But Alexander soon convinced them of their Mistake for having finished his Work by the Reduction of those Barbarians he returned to Greece and the Athenians were wise enough to beg his Pardon and obtained it but the Thebans despising his Threats were be sieged their City taken and ras'd to the Ground except the House of Pindar which Alexander caused to be saved and gave it to the Posterity of that excellent Poet. And now having satisfied his Honour and Revenge Alexander again bethinks himself of his Persian Expedition and passing into Peloponnesus he was again declared Commander of the Forces raised for that Service 'T was in this Journey that he gave a Visit to Diogenes the Cynick at Corinth and soon after the return from it that in a Dream he saw the High-Priest of Ierusalem who Exhorted him forthwith to go to the Conquest of the Persians wherein he assured him of Success And now all things being prepared Alexander gave away the Government of his Dominions to his Friends distributing to some Villages to others Boroughs and to others Sea-Ports and Territories and reserving little or nothing Perdicas asked him What he kept for himself To which he answered Hope And now leaving Antipater chief Administrator he set forward for Asia having 60 Long-Ships to transport his Army which consisted of 40000 Men whereof Parmenio was made Commander of the greatest part When he came into Asia he visited the Tomb of Achilles from whom on the Mother's side he was descended He said Achilles was doubly happy in having such a Friend as Patroclus during his Life and such a Panegyrist as Homer after his Death After this he passed the Granicum a River in Phrygia where he met with Darius at the Head of 100000 Foot and 20000 Horse drawn up in a Line of Battel The two Armies joined and a very sharp Engagement happened between them The Persians lost 20000 Foot and 2000 Horse and about as many more were taken Prisoners Darius and his Army which appeared so formidable were put to flight and Alexander gain'd this Victory with the Loss of only 100 Men. By this means an Avenue was opened into Asia and Alexander marched to Sardis the Capital City of Lydia which the Governor surrender'd to him with all the Treasures that were therein From thence he marched to Ephesus where he put an end to the Oligarchical Government of that Place and established Democracy in its stead After this he took Miletum by Storm which was a very strong Town and famous for the Colonies it sent out to the Neighbouring Islands But Halicarnasseus which stood out against him to the last Extremity was by his Orders demolished In a word within the compass of a year he became Master of all Phrygia Lydia Pamphylia Pisidia Paphlagonia and Cappadocia Years of the World Years before Christ. 3617. This Year Alexander signaliz'd by his second Victory over Darius in the Battel of Issus in which Engagement he received a Wound in his Thigh that hinder'd him from meeting with Darius whom he intended to have killed with his own Hand The Persians according to Iustin's Account were 400000 Foot and 100000 Horse But Quintus Curtius does not reckon above half so many In this Battel the Persians lost 100000 Foot but others say only 50000. Let the Loss be more or less Darius was put to flight and that he might not be discovered threw away his Imperial Mantle That which went deepest to the Heart of this unfortunate Prince was that his Mother Sisigambis his Wife Statira his two Daughters and his Son not above 6 years old were taken by the Conqueror But Alexander used them always like Queens paid them great Respect and for their Comfort assured them that Darius whom they supposed to be dead was still alive 333 Immediately upon this Victory Alexander sent Parmenio to make sure of Damascus the Capital City of Syria where Darius left incredible Riches and all the great Women and Princesses of Persia. The Governor without any Ceremony betrayed the City to him but Alexander was so just as to punish the Traitor and sent his Head to Darius as a Present There were 7000 Horse-Loads of Treasure in the place which amounted to the Value of above ten millions Sterling He marched into Syria where he deprived of their Estates all those who made any Opposition against him Biblus in Phenicia and Sidon were some time before they would surrender to him but were at length reduced and the Kingdom of Sidon bestowed by Hephestion Alexander's Favourite on Abdolominus a Gardiner who lived in the Suburbs of that City He subdued all Syria and Phenicia except Tyre which held out 7 months but at last was taken and 2000 of its Inhabitants hanged on the Sea-Coast He took Gaza
of the River Indus At Susa he married Statira the eldest Daughter of Darius and bestowed the youngest on his Friend Hephestion 3626. Some time after he left Susa and went to Ecbatane where he spent whole Days and Nights in Riot and Excess His Friend Hephestion died there of a Debauch in Drinking Alexander caused the Physician who had tended on this Favourite in his Sickness to be hang'd To divert the Grief he conceived at the Death of his dear Hephestion he carried on the War against the Cosseans He subdued them in the space of 40 Days thô they fled under the Covert of Mountains and were never conquered by the Kings of Persia. Afterwards he made his Army pass Tigris and marched towards Babylon The Caldean Astrologers met him and advised him not to go thither for it would be fatal to him but slighting their Advice he went thither and was received with great Shouts and Acclamations of Joy He built in Babylon a Dock capable of containing 1000 Sail of Ships and embarking on the River Euphrates he visited Arabia It was then that he laughed at the Caldeans saying He entred Babylon and went out of it again without any harm done him Thus in the height of his Confidence he sailed about the Lakes of Arabia 324 3627. And upon his return to Babylon gave himself wholly to his Pleasures and especially to immoderate Drinking The Journal of his Life represents him in his last Days as a Man drenched in Drunkenness and who did nothing but Eat drink and Sleep Potavit perpotavit crapulam edormiit solito more crapulam decoxit One day as he was offering Sacrifices to the Gods for the Victories he had gained he feasted himself and his Friends drank very hard and carried on the Debauch till late at Night When the King returned from this Feast a Physician of Thessalia invited him and his Company to come and drink at his House The King accepted the Offer and carried twenty of his Friends along with him There was in the Company one Proteas a Macedonian who was a great Drinker the King and this Man challenged each other to drink and at last the fatal Bowl came into his Hands which he drank off and with it his Death Some say there was Poison in that Bowl others that it was his immoderate and excessive Drinking which was the cause of that violent Fever which immediately seized him and within a few days hastened his End He died in the flower of his Age being but 33 years old and was equally lamented both by Greeks and Persians Sisygambis who survived all the Misfortunes of her own Family yet broke her Heart at the News of his Death And thus have we given you a summary Account of the Birth Education Rise Growth Heighth and Fall of this once Great Man We have briefly described what he did before and what he did after he became the Vniversal Monarch of Asia and as he thought of the whole World Considering the Extent and Largeness of his Conquests and the short space of Time he took up in effecting them we may see with what Reason the Prophet Daniel compared him to a Flying Leopard You see that within the compass of a very few years he added to his Petty Kingdom of Macedon Thrace Greece Egypt part of Arabia and of Africa Syria Pamphylia the two Phrygia's Caria Lydia Paphlagonia Assyria Susiana Drangiana Arachosia Gedrosia Aria Bactriana Sogdiana Parthia Hircania Armenia Persia Babylonia Mesopotamia and India But at last in the midst of all his Glory in the very centre of his Conquests he was cut off by an untimely Death and thô he boasted himself to be descended of the Gods and was adored by his Flatterers as One yet he found his Mistake perceived he was but a Mortal Man and that he must die like the rest of the Petty Princes whom he had conquered By him fell the Grecian Monarchy too after it had lasted about 6 years and 10 months For after his Death his Conquests were cantoned among his Captains each seizing on what Share thereof he could At first 't is said the Provinces were divided among thirty of them But at last they were reduced to four Principalities under four Princes Ptolemy had Egypt for his Share Seleucus reigned at Babylon and in Syria Cassander became Master of Greece and Macedonia And Antigonus had Asia Minor for his Part. The Reign and Successors of Ptolemy King of Egypt and the Reign and Successors of Cassander King of Macedonia we shall not treat of here since they belong more properly to another Place where in two distinct Chapters we shall be more particular in speaking to them In this Chapter we shall only give you an Account of the Successors of Alexander the Great who reigned in Syria and in Asia Minor Sect. 2. The Kingdom of the Syrians This Kingdom began under Seleucus Ninacor in the Year of the World 3633 before Christ 317 and lasted about 253 Years to the Year of the World 3886 at which time it was made a Roman Province by Pompey BEfore we give an Account of its Kings it may be proper to give you a short Description of the Country Syria formerly was a large Country in Asia including Assyria Mesopotamia Babylonia Phenicia and Palestina and it has oft been taken for the same with Assyria Some extended its Bounds as far as the Euxine Sea and hence we read of several Syria's in Holy Writ But if we cut off Assyria Mesopotamia and Babylonia from it then Syria is bounded on the North by the Mountain of Amanus which parts it from Armenia On the East by Mesopotamia from which 't is parted by the River Euphrates On the South by Arabia Petrea And on the West by part of Egypt the Phenician Sea Cilicia and a small part of the Mountain Amanus It is at present called Souria or Soristen is one of the finest Champain Countries in the World and abounds with pleasant Pastures Damascus was the Capital City of Syria which became a great Kingdom when the Empire of Alexander the Great was after his Death divided among his Generals Years of the World Years before Christ. 3633. 1. Seleucus Nicanor was the first King of the Syrians He was at first made General of the Cavalry afterwards became Master of Babylonia and Antigonus Master of Susiana 317 This Seleucus being assisted by Ptolemy the Son of Lagus by Cassander and Lysâ—machus defeated Antigonus who was the first King of Asia after the Death of Alexander He conquered India put Demetrius Poliorcetes to death in a Prison and killed Lisymachus in an Engagement Iustin tells us that the Seleucides were all born with the print of an Anchor on their Thigh And Historians say that never any Father loved his Children so passionately as this Seleucus for the Proof of which they relate this notable Instance His Son Antiochus fell sick of a violent Passion for his Mother-in-Law Stratonice Erasistratus his Physician perceiving it went
Artifices to raise an Insurrection among the Egyptians for which he was condemned by the King of Persia to drink Bull 's Blood of which he died 524 The next year Cambyses likewise subdued Ethiopia but carrying his Conquests too far it happened that his whole Army being then in a sandy hot and barren Country had like to have perished for want of Provision The Soldiers cast Lots among themselves and did eat every tenth Man upon whom the Lot fell The King of Persia being advertised of this horrible Disaster immediately broke up his Camp and quitted his Design At his return to Babylon he died but upon his going from Egypt he left a Governor over it named Ariandes By this means Egypt remained under the Dominion of the Kings of Persia. 3429. 2. Darius King of Persia reigned over Egypt 36 years 521 3464. 3. Xerxes King of Persia succeeded his Father Darius and possessed his Territories 22 years 486 3486. 4. Artaxerxes succeeded his Father Xerxes In his time Inarus King of Lybia and Son to Psammenitus caused the greatest part of Egypt to revolt and freed himself from the Tyranny of Artaxerxes He was made King by the Egyptians and called in the Athenians to his Assistance who were at that time before the Isle of Cyprus with a Fleet of 200 Sail. Artaxerxes upon notice of the Egyptians Revolt sent against them Achemenes or Achemenides with an Army of 400000 Foot and a Fleet of 80 Sail. But Inarus with the Assistance of the Athenians beat the Persians both by Sea and Land making great Havock of them and among the rest Achemenes himself was killed Artaxerxes upon the News of his Army's Defeat in Egypt sent fresh Forces thither under the command of Artabasus and Megabizus They were near 300000 strong defeated the Army of Inarus whom Megabizus wounded in the Thigh Inarus was put to flight and threw himself with the remainder of his Forces into Byblus a very strong City of Prosopis which is an Island in Delta form'd by two Arms of the River Nile very near its disemboguing it self into the Mediterranean By this Defeat Megabizus became Master of all Egypt except Byblus Within a year or two after the Persians turned the Stream of the River which formed that Island another way laid Siege to Byblus which surrender'd to them and all Egypt was again reduced and brought under the Subjection of Artaxerxeâ— There was still at that time another King named Amyrtes said to be the Son of Psammenitus He reigned in the Fens and Morasses where the Persians durst not set upon him His Forces were inur'd to Hardships and resolved to stand by him to the last Artaxerxes at the importunate Requests of his Mother yielded up Inarus to her Will and Pleasure who caused him to be hanged and 50 Grecians beside 464 3525. 5. Xerxes II. 6. Sogdianus both of them Kings of Persia did not reign one whole year 425 3526. 7. Ochus or Darius Nothus succeeded them In his time Amyrtes Saites freed almost all Egypt from the Tyranny of the Persians to whom he was an inveterate Enemy and reigned 6 years He was succeeded by Nepherites a King of a New Dynasty 424 3545. 8. Artaxerxes II. King of Persia. In his Reign Achoris King of the Egyptians raised Forces from all Parts to drive the Persians out of Egypt Achoris was succeeded by Psammuthis who reigned one year and he again was succeeded by Nepheretes the last King of the Dynasty of the Saites who reigned no more than 4 months Nectanebis the first King of the Dynasty of the Sabennites reigned 12 years Artaxerxes at last made a Peace with the Greeks intending to joyn theirs with his Forces for the Reduction of Egypt But the Misunderstanding which happened between Pharnabazus General of the Persians and Iphicrates Commander of the Athenian Forces occasioned the Designs of Artaxerxes to miscarry 405 Much about this time Eudoxus a Native of Cnidos a City of Caria in Asia Minor being then in great Repute obtained Letters of Recommendation from Agesilaus to Nectanabis King of Egypt desiring Leave to converse with the Egyptian Priests The King recommended him to Iconuphis Priest of Heliopolis and among these Priests it was that he wrote his Octaeteride 3581. Teos succeeded Nectanabis and reigned 2 years but sending his Son Nectanebos with an Army against Syria this treacherous Son by fair Promises and Presents won the Army over to his side and caused them to proclaim him King of Egypt Teos fled to the King of Persia who received him kindly and gave him the Command of an Army for the Reduction of Egypt by the help whereof he was re-established upon the Throne but having learned in Persia to live Luxuriously he lost his Life amidst his Debaucheries 369 3583. Nectanebos was scarce Master of Egypt but another as Ambitious as himself was proclaimed King at the Head of an Army of 100000 Men which he had raised But this Nectanebos notwithstanding remained in possession of the Throne being assisted by Chabrias who commanded the Army of the Athenians and by Agesilaus General of the Lacedemonians and reigned 12 years 367 3588. 9. Artaxerxes III. or Ochus King of Persia was the Person that opposed Nectanebos He sent a puissant Army into Egypt against him who in the end conquered and forced him to fly to Memphis where seeing he should be taken if he tarried long he changed his Habit and went for Sanctuary into Ethiopia Others say that he went in Disguise through Pelusium and came to Pella a City of Macedon And thus was all Egypt again reduced by the Persians This was that Artaxerxes mentioned ch 3. p. 266. who rifled Egypt of its Treasures and Libraries and affronted the Egyptian's God Apis as has been already related 362 3611. 10. Arses King of Persia. 3614. 11. Darius Codomannus the last King of Persia who was conquered by Alexander the Great Sect. 3. The State of Egypt under the Greeks viz. Alexander the Great and the XII Ptolemy's which lasted 301 Years that is to the Year of the World 3920 when Augustus after the Death of Cleopatra made Egypt a Province of the Roman Empire Years of the World Years before Christ. 3619. ALexander the Great marched into Egypt where he found the People disposed to put themselves under his Protection For the Persians were grown so intolerable by their Tyranny Avarice and Sacrileges that the Egyptians upon Alexander's Arrival soon shook off the Persian Yoke waited upon him at Pelusium and submitted to his Government Mazagases Lieutenant to Darius Codomannus and Governor of Memphis delivering up that City to Alexander In this Expedition Alexander visited the Temple of Iupiter Ammon where the Priests corrupted by his Gifts prepared the Oracle to declare him the Son of that God as has been already mentioned Whilst he was in Egypt he built Alexandria giving it his own Name and making it the Metropolis of the whole Country This was in the Fifth Year of his Reign and the
among the Canonical Writings of the New Testament This City was at first called Ephyra afterwards Heliopolis i. e. The City of the Sun It was famous for its Painters Architects and Carvers and was built by Sisâ—phus Corinth in the several Risques of Fortune which it has run has appeared to the World under VI. distinct States Sect. I. The First State of Corinth under the Race of Sisyphus of which there were X. Kings which lasted 269 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 2543. 1. Sisyphus The same with him who as the Poets tell us was condemned to the endless Labour or rouling a Stone up a Hill which no sooner was at the top but rouled down again to the bottom and so renewed his Labour 2. Glaucus the first Instituter of the Ishmian Games 3. Bellerophon He being guilty of Homicide fled to Argos where he was kindly received by King Pretus But it seems Sthenobea the Queen of Argos falling in Love with Bellerophon tempted him to lie with her but upon his Refusal accused him of tempting to violate her Chastity which by the way is much the same with the Story of Ioseph and his Egyptian Mistress Upon this Pretus was offended sent him into Lycia to his Father-in-Law Iolas with Orders to put him to Death But Iolas after several Trials of his Valour so admired him that he not only spared his Life but married him to his Daughter Philonoe 4. Orynthion 5. Phocus 6. Thoas 7. Demophâ—on 8. Propodas 9. Doridas Both Sons of Propodas and 10. Hyanthidas Both Sons of Propodas Under these two last Kings the Heraclides fell into Peloponnesus and became Masters of Corinth 'T is to be observed that History is so obscure about these first Kings that the exact Time and Duration of each Reign cannot be set down Sect. II. The Second State of Corinth under IV. Kings called Heraclides which lasted 144 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 2812. 1. Aletes the Son of Hippotaâ— the Son of Antiochus who was Nephew to Hercules He reigned 38 years 1138 2850. 2. Ixion reigned 34 years 1100 2884. 3. Agelaus reigned 37 years 1066 2921. 4. Prymnis reigned 35 years 1029 Sect. III. The Third State of Corinth under VIII Kings called Bacchides which lasted 215 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 2956. 1. Bacchis reigned 35 years 994 2991. 2. Agelaus reigned 30 years 959 3021. 3. Eudemus reigned 25 years 929 3046. 4. Aristodemus reigned 35 years 904 3081. 5. Agemon reigned 16 years 869 3098. 6. Alexander reigned 39 years 852 3137. 7. Telstes reigned 34 years 813 3171. 8. Aristomenes or Automenes reigned only one year 779 Sect. IV. Years of the World Years before Christ. 3172. The Fourth State of Corinth was under Annual Magistrates which lasted 121 Years viz. From the Year of the World 3172 to the Year 3293. At this time the Government was changed into Aristocracy For 200 of the Bacchides ruled in Common and only created a Prytanis every Year from among themselves till at last it fell under the Tyranny of Cypselus and Periander who reigned about 73 Years 778 Sect. V. Years of the World Years before Christ. 3245. The Fifth State of Corinth was that of the Re-establishment of their Liberty By this means it became a Free Republick and had a great Share in the Wars carried on by the Grecians against the Persians and in the Wars between the Athenians and Lacedemonians as has been already observed This State lasted about 439 Years Sect. VI. The Sixth State of Corinth was under the Romans of which we shall have occasion to speak when we come to the Roman Monarchy CHAP. XIII Of the Mycenians MYcene was a City of Peloponesus situated between Argos and Corinth It was founded by Lacedemon the Son of Semelé But the Kingdom of Mycene was founded by Perseus the Son of Danae after he had killed by an Accident his Grandfather Acrisius King of Argos So that this State is to be looked upon only as a Continuation of the Kingdom of Argos the Regal Authority being translated thence by Perseus to Mycene about the year of the World 2641 before Christ 1309. This Kingdom or State lasted 218 Years under VII Kings Years of the World Years before Christ. 2641. 1. Perseus reigned about 57 years Before he was King he did many great Exploits among the rest overcame the Gorgons three Sea-Monsters 1309 2708. 2. Sthenelus succeeded his Father and reigned 8 years 1242 2716. 3. Eurystheus succeeded his Father Sthenelus and reigned 43 years In his time lived Hercules said to be the Son of Iupiter and Alcmena who by Eurystheus was injoined to destroy divers Monsters in hopes that he would have been killed by them But he always returned home Conqueror which gave an occasion to the Story of the twelve Labours of Hercules Eurystheus jealous of the growing Greatness of this Hero made War against the Heracâ—idae wherein he and all his Sons was killed 1234 2759. 4. Atreus and Thyestes the Sons of Pelops and Grandsons of Tantalus reigned conjunctly the space of 8 years They had another Brother named Plisthenes who died whilst young and committed the Care of his two Sons Agamemnon and Menelaus to his Brother Atreus He married Aerope the Mother of these Children and Daughter to Minos with whom Thyestes was caught in the Act of Adultery Atreus was so enraged that he first banished his Brother then recalled him within a while after and having killed his Sons dress'd them and served them up to him to be eaten Hence arose the Proverb of Thyestes's Supper 1191 Atreus after the Death of Eurystheus became Master of all Peloponnesus and put the Heraclidae to flight 2767. 5. Agamemnon reigned 15 years He declared War against the Trojans in the Behalf of his Brother Menelaus After Troy was taken he returned home but was there immediately killed by Aegysthus and his own Wife Clytemnestra who lived in Adultery with Aegysthus 1183 2782. 6. Aegysthus the Son of Thyestes born in Incest after the Death of Agamemnon succeeded and reigned 7 years 1168 2789. 7. Orestes the Son of Agamemnon revenged his Father's Death upon Aegysthus and his own Mother Clytemnestra whom he slew After which he ran mad but was restored to his Senses at the Altar of Diana in Taurica He reigned 70 years over Lacedemonia and Mycene 1161 2859. Orestes left two Sons behind him viz. Tisamenes and Penthilus who were Dethroned by the Heraclidae as they were returning to Peloponnesus 1091 CHAP. XIV Of the Thebans BOEOTIA one of the States of Greece was bounded on the West by Phocis on the East by the Eubean Sea on the North by Locris and on the South by Attica and Megaris The Metropolis of this Country was Thebes but who built it is uncertain Calydnus is said to have reigned first in that Place after him Ogyges but last Cadmus But since the Account of the Thebans before the Reign of Cadmus is very obscure we shall pass that
People that they made him King 242 3718. 15. Antigonus Doson the Governor of Philip reigned 12 years After the Death of Demetrius the Cities of Greece shook off the Yoke of Tyranny and joined themselves to the Republick of the Acheans Aratus the Sicyonian was a great Promoter of the Interests of the Acheans and freed Athens from the Dominion of the Macedonians The Etolians envying their Success joined in a War with Cleomenes King of Sparta against them upon which the Acheans finding themselves unable to resist so great a Power implored the Assistance of Antigonus Doson who repelled Cleomenes and gave him so great a Defeat that he was forced to fly from Sparta to Alexandria Antigonus used the Spartans extreme kindly and permitted them to enjoy their ancient Laws and Privileges but in the midst of all his Glory he was forced to march back to the Defence of Macedon which the Illyrians had invaded He defeated and put them to flight but straining his Voice too much in the Battel he burst a Vein and soon after died of a Consumption 232 3730. 16. Philip IV. the Son of Demetrius at the Age of 16 took the Government upon him which devolv'd to him by the Death of his Governor and Father-in-Law Antigonus and reigned 42 years 220 This King was a very Martial Prince warred against the Etolians and defeated them several times He was so far puffed up by the Success he met with that he aimed at nothing less than the becoming Universal Monarch of the whole World and was for pushing his Conquests to the very Walls of Rome Hence arose the War between the Romans and the Macedonians of which we shall have occasion to speak more particularly when we come to treat of the Roman Affairs which belong to this time 'T is enough at present to acquaint our Reader that Philip failed in his Design was beat several times by the Romans forced to make a Peace with them and was the Cause of hastening the Downfal of the Macedonian State In his time several Prodigies happened in Asia among the rest a great Earthquake which overthrew several Cities and swallowed up others From hence the Soothsayers prognosticated That the Roman Empire then in its Rise should swallow up the Empire of the Greeks At last Philip died of Grief and deputed Antigonus his Kinsman to be his Successor But his Son Perseus being certified of his Father's approaching Death by his Physician secured the Kingdom to himself 3772. 17. Perseus succeeded his Father Philip and reigned 10 years and 8 months 178 3782. This year Perseus having given the Romans great Provocations they engaged in a War against him and he prepared to oppose them He entred into an Alliance with Gentius King of the Illyrians and did all the Mischief he could to the Romans The day before that Battel wherein Perseus was entirely defeated Sulpitius Gallus Tribune of the Soldiers by the Permission of Paulus Emilius the Roman Consul made a Speech to the Army wherein he advised them not to be terrified if they saw the Moon in a total Eclipse that night from two a clock to four in the morning since it was no more than happened at other times according to the Calculations of Astronomy That very night the Eclipse did really happen which caused the whole Army to admire the profound Skill of Gallus and was a great Encouragement to them as it was the contrary to the Macedonians The next day they came to an Engagement wherein Perseus was defeated put to flight taken and carried to Rome to grace the Roman Triumphs and thereby ended the Kingdom of Macedon which became a Roman Province after it had lasted 645 years from Caranus the first King This happened 168 years before Christ in the first year of the 153d Olympiad Anno Romae Conditae 585. CHAP. XVI Of the Lydians LYDIA is a Country in Asia Minor of which Sardes was the City of greatest Account and where the Kings of the Lydians usually kept their Court. It was situated upon the Banks of Pactolus near the Mountain of Tivoli and was one of the most ancient Cities in the World Thô Lydia has been a State exposed to various Turns of Fortune yet History affords us but little Light therein The Kingdom of Lydia had XXII Kings who reigned the space of 505 years But of these we have no Account except of the first and the four last after them till Cresus the last of their Kings were five more Years of the World Years before Christ. 2733. 1. Argon or Agron the Son of Ninus or according to others the Son of Alceus reigned first at Sardes but of XVII of his Descendants we have no knowledge 1217 3150. 19. Adrysus reigned 45 years He was of the Line of Hercules 800 3395. 20. Alyattes I. reigned 14 years 755 3209. 21. Meles reigned 12 years 741 3221. 22. Candaules or Mirsilus the Son of Mirsus the last of the Line of Hercules reigned 17 years He was killed by Gyges with whom he saw his Wife too familiar 729 3238. 23. Gyges having usurped the Throne sent large Presents to Delphos attack'd Miletum and Smyrna and took the City of Colophon by Storm By this means the Kingdom of Lydia was translated from the Family of the Heraclidae to the Mermnades in whose Family it lasted the space of 170 years of which Gyges reigned 38. This Gyges was at first a Slave and kept the King's Herds from whence he rose up at last to be King 712 3276. 24. Ardis the Son of Gyges reigned 49 years In his time the Cymmerians a People of that Country which at present is called Lesser Tartary were driven from their Habitations by the Scythians marched out of Europe into Asia keeping still along the Sea-Coast and took Sardes the Capital City of Lydia 674 3325. 25. Sadiattes the Son of Ardis succeeded and reigned 12 years 625 3337. 26. Alyattes II. succeeded his Father Sadiattes and reigned 57 years He was the youngest Brother The Inhabitants of Sardes had recourse to the Clemency of Alyattes for Cyaxeres King of the Medes would have had them submit to him but Alyattes refused it from whence arose a War of 8 years between the Lydians and the Medes This King had by his Wife Carica a Son named 613 3394. 27. Cresus who reigned 14 years after the Death of his Father He was one of the richest and most potent Princes of the World made the Greeks his Tributaries conquered the Phrygians Mysians Thrasians c. 'T is said Esop so famous for his Fables lived in his time in Phrygia that Cresus sent for him to Sardes where he treated him with a great deal of Respect and that going from Sardes to Delphos he was by the Inhabitants of that Place thrown off a high Rock Cresus puffed up with his Prosperity asked Solon who gave him a Visit what he thought of his Glory and Grandeur Solon replied That no Iudgment could be passed upon the Happiness of
home He rebuilt the Temple of Iupiter Feretrius fortified the Hill Ianiculum made a large Ditch called Fossa Quiritium built a large Prison in the heart of the City fronting the Forum enlarged the Pomaerium of the City and built a Town called Ostia at the Mouth of the River Tyber In his time Lucumo an Hetrurian the Son of Demaratus a rich Merchant of Corinth came to Rome with his Wife Tanaquil from Tarquinia in Hetruria He changed his Name into Lucius adding that of Tarquinius from the Place of his Birth By his Liberality and magnificent way of Living he became known to Ancus and was beloved by the People Ancus made him a Senator and at his Death Guardian of his two young Sons who being Minors occasioned an Interregnum and gave opportunity to 3336. 5. L. Tarquinius Sirnamed Priscus to manage the Publick Affairs and in the end obtain'd the Government for in a Speech to the Senate he in a manner begg'd the Crown and was made King and reigned 38 years 614 In the beginning of his Reign the better to ingratiate himself with the common People he chose 100 out of the most Eminent of the Plebeians and added them to the Senate which made up the number of 300. These last were called Patres minorum Gentium i. e. Senators of a lower Degree He likewise increased the number of Vestal Virgins from four to seven The Latines warred against him but were forced to sue for Peace After this he defeated the Sabines twice and obliged them to do the same Next he had to deal with the Hetrurians or Tuscans whom he likewise conquered in several Battels and humbled them so far that they owned him for their Prince and in token of their Allegiance presented him with a Crown of Gold an Ivory Chair a Sceptre with an Eagle on the top a Purple Coat wrought with Gold and a Purple Gown pink'd This King built the Walls of the City which before were patched up in haste with large square Stone adorn'd the Forum with Porticos Galleries and Shops made several Cloacae or Common-Shores to carry the Filth of the City into the Tybâ—r built the Circus for Publick Games with Seats and Galleries for the Spectators and laid the Foundation of the Capitol At last he was killed by the two Sons of Ancus Marcius 3374. 6. Servius Tullus succeeded and reigned 44 years 576 This Prince was the Son of a Noble Prisoner taken by Tarquin at Corniculum a Town in Latium He was in great Repute with Tanaquil the Wife of Tarquin who gave her Daughter in Marriage to him and was an Instrument of making him King The Senate was against it but the People were for it and elected him at the Comitia Curiata Not long after his Settlement he according to Promise divided the publick Lands among the poorer sort He enlarged the City taking three Hills to the four former viz. the Quirinal Viminal and Esqueline He divided the City into four Parts making four Tribes instead of three and first instituted the Census or Numbering the Citizens according to six distinct Classes or Orders After this he instituted the Lustrum which was to be repeated every five years and was the first who coined Money at Rome with the Image of a Sheep whence it had the Name of Pecunia Nor did he only settle Affairs at home but took care likewise to suppress Disturbances abroad For the Hetrurians revolting he had Wars with them for 20 years successively defeated them several times triumphed over them thrice and obliged them to sue for a Peace He married his two Daughters to the Grandsons of Tarquinius Priscus Aruns and Tarquinius who was afterwards Sirnamed Superbus The latter had a mild-natur'd Wife the former an imperious Dame Tarquin agreed with his Brother's Wife to kill the one her Husband and the other his Wife and afterwards to marry together which was accordingly put in Practice After this Tarquin killed his Father-in-Law and his Wife Tullia hastening to salute her Husband King ordered her Chariot to drive over the Body of her dead Father in that Street which before was called Cyprius but after the Fact it was called Vicus Sceleratus 3418. 7. Tarquinius Superbus having thus barbarously killed his Father-in-Law usurped the Kingdom and reigned 25 years 532 Upon his mounting the Throne he put all the Friends of Tullus to Death and dreading the natural Consequences of his Tyranny and ill-gotten Greatness kept a stronger Guard than ordinary about his Person He managed the whole Affairs of the State himself slighted the Senate diminished their Authority cut off several of them and seized upon their Estates Among the rest Marcus Iunius was one who left behind him a Son named Lucius Iunius Lucius fearing he should suffer the same Fate with his Father and eldest Brother counterfeited himself a Fool was thence called Brutus and kept by Tarquin in his House to make his Children sport He carried on the Dissimulation for many years very dexterously and was at last the chief Instrument in banishing the Tyrant Tarquin was engaged in several Wars first marched against the Sabines and subdued them Then began a War with the Volsci which with some Intermissions lasted above 200 years and took from them Suessa-Pometia Next he fell upon Gabii which he took by the Treachery of his Son Sextus who under a pretence of Deserting from his Father for some Injuries offered him got to be their General and cut off the chief Citizens After this he built the Capitol and bought the three Books of the Sibyls Oracles six of the nine that were offered him being burnt which Books were kept as Sacred by the Quindecimviri in the Capitol and perished in that Building when it was burnt in Sylla's time At last he proclaimed War against the Rutili and invested their Metropolis Ardea At the time that the Army â—ay before this City it was that Sextus Tarquin's Son inflamed by Lucretia's Beauty stole priviâ—y to Câ—â—latia where she resided and ravished her The virtuous Lucretia almost dead with Grief and Shame sent for her Father from Rome and her Husband Collatinus from the Camp desiring them to bring along with them some of their particular Friends Publius Valerius came with her Father Lucretius and Lucius Iunius Brutus with her Husband to them she related the whole Story and immediately with a Ponyard stabbed her self to the Heart They were startled at the Sight and filled with Grief and Indignation but to their great Surprize Brutus throwing off his Disguised Folly declared his Resolution and made them swear upon the bloody Ponyard to assist him in revenging this and the other Wickednesses of Tarquin and his Family by expelling him and them the Government And immediately entring upon Action they shut up the City-Gates and assembled the Senate who being made sensible of the Wickedness of their King and his Family issued out a Decree of Expulsion against Tarquin Afterwards Brutus brought out Lucretia's Body exposed it to
himself in Prison The other Eight banished themselves This year the Consuls warred so successfully against the Aequi Volsci and Sabines as to deserve a Triumph Within 3 years after the Romans obtained another signal Victory over the Aequi and Volsci And now the Tribunes being more turbulent than ever nothing would satisfie them but the passing two Laws the one for permitting Marriages between Patritians and Plebeians and the other for making the Plebeians capable of the Consulship The first was passed but as an Expedient for the other it was proposed That six Governors should be chosen with Consular Authority three Patritians and three Plebeians who were stiled Tribuni Militum i. e. Military Tribunes V. Period from the Creation of the Military Tribunes to the Burning of Rome by the Gauls lasted 54 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3508. The first Military Tribunes who were created were only three Patritians whose Office expired at the end of 8 weeks and Consuls created afresh This year two new Officers named Censors were chosen out of the Patritians to estimate Men's Estates and to inspect into the Lives and Manners of Men And the Romans gained a Victory over the Volsci leading Cluâ—ius their General in Triumph Within 3 years after Sp. Melius by his Bounty to the Poor affected to be King upon which Q. Cincinnatus was again made Dictator and chose Servilius Ahala for the Master of his Horse who slew Sp. Melius in the Forum The Tribunes enraged at the Death of their Friend Melius caused Military Tribunes to be created for one year The next year Consuls were again created and a War carried on against Tolumnius King of the Veientes to whom the Fidenates had revolted This War proved so dangerous at first that the Romans were forced to create a Dictator but they obtained a signal Victory over their Enemies Corn. Cossus a Tribune in the Army killing the King Tolumnius and obtaining the Opima Spolia which he offered to Iupiter 442 It would be too long to relate the particular Wars which the Romans had with their Neighbours the Volsci Aequi Fidenates and Veientes to tell you of the several Dictators made in this time and of the Change of the Government from Consuls to Military Tribunes from them to Consuls again which ever and anon happened We think it sufficient to recite some of the most memorable Passages of these Times The Questors were increased from Two to Four but a long time e're they could get any Plebeians to be chosen into that Office The Military Tribunes were increased first from Three to Four and then to Six but a considerable time before they could get any Plebeians into the Number In this Period of Time the Slaves conspired to fire the City and seize upon the Capitol but were discovered and executed The Romans proclaimed War against the Veientes besieged the City Veii which was taken after 10 years Siege by Camillus who won over the Falisci by his Generosity to yield to the Romans and was for little or no reason afterwards banished After this the Galli Senones entred Italy under the Command of Brennus invested Clusium broke up thence marched towards Rome defeated the Romans at the Battel of Allia entred Rome killed several of the Senators as they sat in their Robes in the Senate-House and burnt the City all but the Capitol which still held out against them VI. Period from the burning of Rome by the Gauls to the War with the Samnites lasted 46 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3562. After Rome was burnt the Gauls laid Siege to the Capitol which they were nigh taking by Surprize in the night had not the Romans discover'd the Assaulters by the Cackling of some Geese Camillus who had been banished laying aside his private Animosities returned to Rome at the Head of 40000 Ardeans and expelled the Gauls He perswaded the Romans who were for removing to Veji to fix at Rome and rebuild it M. Manlius who had before saved the Capitol was accused of Aiming at the Sovereign Power and was condemned to be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock which was accordingly executed In this Period several Dictators were created among the rest one to drive a Nail on the right side of Iupiter's Temple in the Capitol and two others for the Assembling the Comitia Centuriata for the Election of Consuls who were never known to be created upon the like Occasions before Within this time the Tribes were increased the Aediles Curules appointed publick Stage-Plays instituted to appease their Gods in a sore Plague several Battels fought successfully against the Gauls the Aequi Volsci and Hetrurians a Plebeian Dictator was created a Law made That one of the Consuls should be a Plebeian and the Military Tribunes were for ever laid aside 78 years after their first Creation 388 VII Period from the War with the Samnites to the Wars with Pyrrhus King of Epirus This Period takes up 63 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3608. Hitherto the Romans had only to do with their next Neighbours but now increasing in Strength and Power they ventured to engage the Warlike Samnites a People above 100 Miles off Rome The occasion of this War was the Samnites falling upon the Campanians who sent their Ambassadors to Rome to put themselves and their Country under the Protection of the Romans Upon this the two Consuls marched against them and after an obstinate Fight Valerius one of the Consuls defeated them in Campania whilst the other Consul Cornelius by his ill Conduct in Samnium had like to have lost the Victory which was retriev'd by the Boldness of P. Decius a Tribune in the Army After these Defeats the Samnites made Peace and became one of the Roman Allies 342 The next War which the Romans made was against the Latines who aided the Enemies of the Samnites then in Confederacy with Rome Against them Manlius Torquatus and P. Decius Mus were sent by the Senate who came to an Engagement with the Enemy wherein Decius one of the Consuls was killed and Manlius the other Consul gained the Victory Manlius returned in Triumph but was received by the old Men only the young Men refusing to do him that Honour because he had beheaded his own Son for charging the Enemy thô successfully contrary to his Orders The next Consuls warr'd against the Latines overthrew them and Publius the Plebeian Consul was afterwards made Dictator in which time he procured three remarkable Laws to be made At last the Latines were wholly subdued and brought to an entire Submission Within this Period Publius Philo formerly Consul and Dictator was made Praetor and was the first Plebeian who attained to that Honour Minutia a Vestal Virgin was buried alive for Incontinency the Romans fought the Sidicini and defeated them the Gauls threatned to attack the Romans upon which a Dictator was created 170 Women were put to Death for the Art of Poysoning upon which a Dictator was created to drive
in the East And whilst he was thus employed Octavius with the Assistance of Lepidus routed Pompey by Sea and outed him of all Sicily Sardinia and Corsica having before revolted to Octavius But Lepidus aiming to get all Sicily under his Command was turned out thence and banished by Octavius to Cyrceum Thus fell one Head of the second Triumvirate and Pompey soon after who had fled for Sanctuary to Anthony was slain by his Order in Phrygia Upon the Banishment of Lepidus Rome began to take Breath and Octavius was received into the City with a general Joy The first thing he did was the clearing Italy and Rome of the Robbers who of late had been very troublesome to both Among Pompey's Papers were several Letters aâ—â— Memoirs of the Chief Senators enough to have occasioned new Disturbances which Octavius generously brought into the Forum and publickly burnt them protesting that with them he sacrificed all his Private Resentments for the Publick Good This Generous Act endear'd the People so far to him that they made him Tribune for Life Having disposed of the Government of the Provinces he marched against the Illyrians And now Anthony by his Debaucheries with and his Prodigal Liberality to Cleopatra began to grow Odious to the Romans He marched against the Parthians but with such ill Success that he was forced with the loss of the fourth part of his Troops and all his Baggage to save himself in Armenia Another thing which gave Disgust to the Romans was his leading Artabazus King of Armenia in Triumph into Alexandria which they looked upon as a notorious Affront offered by a Roman General to Rome which for so many years had enjoyed that Honour peculiar to her self alone These Miscarriages Octavius took advantage of to raise his own and to lessen the Esteem of Anthony but had no fair opportunity of declaring War against him till he was justly excited by the Affront which he offered to his Wife Octavia Caesar's Sister whom by the Insinuations of Cleopatra he sent back again to Rome without so much as seeing her thô in Person he waited on Cleopatra to Alexandria This Affront so provoked Octavius that he thought of nothing but Revenge and after he had ended his Wars with the Illyrians he made Preparations for his Expedition against Anthony and proclaimed War against him At last Anthony marched as far as Actium a Town on the Coasts of Epirus and Cesar embarked at Brundusium crossed the Seas and surprized Toryne a City near Actium After this they had an Engagement by Sea wherein Anthony's Fleet was conquered which Victory was followed by the total Revolt of all his Land-Forces who submitted to Cesar and were all spared by him except some few who had been his professed Enemies Upon this Defeat Anthony declined in his Fortune shut himself up in Alexandria and at last by the Desertion of his own Troops and the Success of Caesar he grew so desperate as to lay violent Hands upon himself Thus fell the second Head of the Triumvirate leaving Octavius Caesar the sole Master of all the Roman State which happened in the 724th year of the City the 3d of the 187th Olympiad and 28th before Christ. Upon the death of Anthony Cesar sent to Cleopatra to assure her of his Kindness and Generosity but she denied Proculus his Messenger admittance into the Place where she had lock'd her self up with her two Maids Afterwards being surprized and taken by Proculus Caesar gave her a Visit but she understanding by Dolabella that he intended within three Days time to send her and her Children to Rome to grace his Triumph killed her self by applying an Asp to her Wrist Before she did this she sent a Letter to Octavius desiring she might be interred in the same Tomb with Anthony which was accordingly done By her Death Egypt was reduced to a Roman Province and Caesario the Son she had by Iulius Cesar was soon after put to Death by the Order of Octavius Upon his Return to Rome he Triumphed three Days for Illyricum for the Battel of Actium and for the Conquest of Egypt After this by his Clemency and Policy he so far won the Hearts of the Romans that at last they desired that he alone would take upon him the Administration of the Government and afterwards conferred upon him the Venerable Name of Augustus Here begins the Fourth or the Roman Monarchy Years of the World Years before Christ. 3925. 2. Augustus Cesar the second Emperor being fully established in the Government did many great Things for Rome It was he who by his extraordinary Conduct and Prudence restored the Tottering State to its former Splendor and Tranquillity enlarged its Grandeur and raised its Glory to the highest Pitch To him were sent Ambassadors from the farthest part of the Indies and from the Scythians to desire Alliance 25 After this he subdued the Pyreneans Cantabrians and Asturians who had revolted and the Parthians at length submitted to him In his time Learning began to flourish and Learned Men to be encouraged among those of greatest Note were Virgil Horace Ovid and Livy Caesar himself being a great Favourer of Learned Men. He exchanged the Name of the Month Sextilis calling it after his own Name Augustus He was not addicted to Vice nor could be justly charged with any Act of Cruelty or Tyranny except what he did in Conjunction with the other two Heads of the Triumvirate at Rome by the bloody Proscription and at Philippi after the Victory obtained over Brutus and Cassius He issued forth a Decree ordering all within the Roman Empire to be Taxed shut the Temple of Ianus by an Universal Peace about which time it was that Iesus Christ the Prince of Peace and Saviour of the World was born in the Flesh. The remaining part of Cesar's Reign together with his Successors will be Treated of in the Second Volume wherein we shall give you an Account of the Monarchies since our Saviour's Birth And thus have we with all the convenient Brevity given the Reader a Tast of the Roman History and none ought to be surprized that we have given it a larger Space in our System than has been allowed to any of the former since it ought to be considered that the Actions of the Romans have been more greater and more clearly transmitted to us than any of the former It must be likewise observed that this Last or Fourth Monarchy is of a larger Extent than either that of Assyria Persia or Greece since in Europe it took in Italy both the Gauls Spain Greece Illyricum Dacia Pannonia with part of Britain and Germany In Asia all the Provinces which go under the Name of Asia Minor Armenia Syria Iudea with part of Mesopotamia and Media And in Africa Aegypt Africk Numidia Mauritania and Lybia FINIS THE INDEX A. ABdon judges Israel p. 53 238 Abel 46 Abijam K. of Iudah 24 Abimelech 237 Aborigines in Italy their Kings 369 Abraham 49 229 Actium the Battel of
there that God published first with his own Mouth the Ten Commandments which are still a Compendium of all the Holy Laws and are look'd upon by all Christians as the most firm and unshaken Foundation of their Piety which no Body can strike at without committing a Crime Two Months after the going out of Egypt the Manna is sent from Heaven which served for Food to the Israelites during 40 Years The third Month the Law was given Sacrifices offered and an Alliance made betwixt God and the People 2455. Afterwards the Ceremonial Law is given and the Tabernacle the Priesthood the Holy Utensils the Priestly Habits and all that belongs to the Levitical Service is settled and regulated 2470. Dardanus first King of Troy 2500. Letters brought into Greece by Cadmus 2493. Moses dies 120 Years old Here ends the Pentateuch which contains 2493 Years of the History of the World 1457. Ioshua Moses's Successor goes dry-foot over the Iordan and enters the Land of Canaan The Walls of Iericho fall to the Ground He stops the Sun that he may have time to compleat the Defeat of the Gabaonites 2499. Ioshua being old divides the Promised Land among the Children of Israel having defeated 31 Kings and conquered in six Years the greatest part of Palestine 2517. Ioshua dies 110 Years old having govern'd the Israelites during the space of 24 Years 2671. Gideon judges Israel 1279. The Israelites through their Sins fall under the Power of the Madianites This Fourth Servitude lasts 7 Years 2679. Deliver'd by Gideon 2741. The 5th Servitude of the Israelites under the Philistines and Ammonites 1210. 2710. Hercules liv'd 2720. The Voyage of the Argonauts to Colchis for the golden Fleece 2750. Towards this time Paris Son to Priam King of Troy commits a Rape on Helena The Grecians to revenge this Affront besiege Troy 1194. EPOCHA V. 2767. The Taking of Troy 1183. This Epocha reaches as far as the finishing of the Temple and lasts 180 Years HElena Tyndarus's Daughter being an extraordinary Beauty Theseus fell in Love with her and ravish'd her from her Parents but her Brother having rescu'd her gave her in Marriage to Menelaus Brother to the King of Micenae from whom Paris Son to Priam King of Troy ravish'd her a second time The Grecians resented this Affront declared War to the Trojans besieg'd their City and having taken it after Ten Years Siege burnt it to the Ground This War is the Subject of the two greatest Poems that ever were written the Iliad and Aeneid But the Genius of Homer and Virgil is more to be extoll'd than the Valour of their Hero's for this we see and know to be real but there is Reason to believe the other is but Fiction These Times are called Fabulous or Heroick by reason of those that have been celebrated by the Poets under the Names of Hero's and Demi-gods in the History of which they have intermix'd abundance of Fables Historians place about this Time Castor Pollux Achilles Agamemnon Vlysses Hector Sarpedon Iupiter's Son Aeneas Son of Venus whom the Romans acknowledge for the Founder of their Empire Aeneas flying from Troy settles in Italy marries the Daughter of Latinus King of the Aborigines and succeeds him From Aeneas a Race of Kings succeeded out of which sprung Remus and Romulus the Founders of Rome 2781. Abdon Judge of the Israelites famous for his 30 Sons 1169. 2800. Heli High-priest of the Iews is succoured in the Defence of the People of God by Sampson then but 19 Years of Age who kills himself 1000 Philistines with the Jaw-bone of an Ass. 2808. Sampson pulls down the Temple of Dagon and at his Death kills more Philistines than he had done during his Life 1142. 2848. The Ark is taken by the Philistines Ophni and Phineas are killed in the Fight Heli the High-Priest hearing this News falls down from his Seat breaks his Neck and dies 2849. Samuel the last Judge of the People of God succeeds Heli 1101. 2879. The Israelites ask for a King God gives them Saul then 40 Years old 1071. 2881. Saul is rejected by God Samuel goes to Bethleem to anoint David King then but 15 Years of Age. 2890. Saul dies miserably having obliged his Shield-bearer to run him through with his own Sword 2889. David now 30 Years old succeeds Saul and is anointed King at Hebron 1061. 2890. The Athenians spread their Colonies in that part of Asia minor called Ionia which is particularly owing to the Care of Codâ—us the last King of the Athenians The Aeolian Colonies were settled much about that time and all Asia minor was by degrees filled with Greek Cities 2929. Solomon is made King by his Father David 2930. Solomon succeeds his Father David 2932. Solomon in the 4th Year of his Reign lays the Foundation of the Temple of Ierusalem 1018. 2914. Homer born EPOCHA VI. 2940 Solomon or the Temple finished 1010. This Epocha reaches to the Foundation of Rome and lasts 250 Years KIng David had made the Project of the Temple of Ierusalem but the many Wars wherewith his Reign was embroiled kept him from putting it in Execution The profound Peace which his Son Solomon enjoyed inclined this young Price to bend all his Thoughts upon that Work and he had the Honour of raising upon Earth the first Temple that was ever consecrated to the Name and Glory of the True God He appointed 3600 Persons to oversee the Work-men 80000 more to hew and cut Stones in the Mountains and 70000 others to carry the Materials on their Shoulders He obtained Leave of Hiram King of Tyre to fell Cedar-trees on Mount Libanus and in 7 Years time he built a Temple where the Majesty of God was sensibly conspicuous when upon the Day of its Dedication a Cloud fill'd all the Temple insomuch that the Priests could not stay in it to perform the Duties of their Office Solomon is courted by the King of Tyre The Queen of Sheba makes him a Visit. 2960. Solomon dissolves into an excessive Love of Women who make him idolatrous 2969. Rehoboam succeeds his Father Solomon 918. The bruitish and extravagant Haughtiness of thâ—s young Prince made him lose Ten Tribes which Ieroboam drew away both from their God and their King constituting a separate Kingdom call'd The Kingdom of Israel in opposition to the other of the Two Tribes call'd The Kingdom of Iuda the former reigning in Samaria and the latter in Ierusalem which Separation continued till the Kingdom of Israel was pulled down and the Ten Tribes carried into Captivity by Shalmaneser King of Assyria in the Year of the World 3227. 3026. Achab 7th King of Israel reigns with his Wife the impious Iezabel Daughter of Ithabalus King of Tyre and Sidon 924. 3029. Iehoshaphat the good King of Iudah 3035. Miracles of the Prophet Elijah He is taken up into Heaven in a fiery Chariot 3040. Miracles of the Prophet Elishah Eliâ—ah's Disciple 3040. Lycurgus the great Law-giver of Lacedemon liv'd 3062. Athalia Queen of Iuda
and made all its Inhabitants Slaves not excepting the Women and Children At the Siege of this City he was wounded on the Shoulder with an Arrow and his Leg bruis'd by the fall of a Stone He went up to Ierusalem with a Design to besiege it but the High-Priest Iaddus meeting him in his Sacerdotal Ornaments prevented his Intention for Alexander was so struck at the sight of him that he alighted off his Horse and did him Obeisance crying out That God appeared to him in the same Shape and commanded him to go and conquer Asia This High-Priest read to him the Chapter in Daniel wherein it is foretold That a Greek should conquer the Persians Which he was very well pleased at and sacrificed in the Temple offered great Oblations and gave the Iews full Toleration to live according to their Laws and Religion The next year Alexander marched with his Army into Egypt where Pelusium surrender'd to him From thence he went to Memphis where he found 800 Talents and several precious Stones belonging to the Crown From thence he marched along the Nile to the very utmost Parts of Egypt went into the Province of Cyrene and visited the Temple of Iupiter Ammon where the Oracle declared him to be the Son of Iupiter which was what Alexander's Ambition aimed at And this Extravagance sufficiently shews how far the Excess of Prosperity transports Men. After this he went in search of Darius who on his part rallied his Forces raised more and omitted nothing that might put him in a Posture for another Engagement As Alexander made his Approaches so Darius ordered his Army to march from Babylon to Nineveh the River Tigris on the Right hand and Euphrates on the Left 3619. Alexander intercepted Letters from Darius wherein he sollicited the Greeks to Assassinate their King which made him when Darius overcome by the Civility and Gentleness which Alexander shewed to his Captives the Queens of Persia sent fresh Ambassadors to him to mediate a Peace offering to give him part of his Dominions and his Daughter in Marriage return for Answer That as for what he offered him they were already his by Conquest and that he did not think it safe to make a Peace with that Man who every day sought an Opportunity of Assassinating him 331 Upon this each Army prepared for the Engagement which happened at Gangamela that lies on the River Bumela But forasmuch as Gangamela is only a small Village Historians call it the Battel of Arbela which was a considerable City and pretty near the place of the Engagement There was a dreadful Slaughter made of the Persians and thô Darius behaved himself very gallantly in this Fight yet he was forced to fly Alexander according to Quintus Curtius lost no more than 300 Men but of the Persians according to the most modest Account there were 90000 killed upon the spot and a greater Number taken Prisoners Darius fled to Arbela and was pursued by Alexander But he got thence before his arrival Alexander found wherewith to satisfy himself for his Journey thither for the most precious Jewels of the Crown to the Value of about 600000 Pounds Darius had left behind him This Battel put an end to the Monarchy of the Persians and laid the Foundation of that of the Grecian The Grecian Monarchy begins here which lasted only during Alexander's Reign 6 Years and some Months It was afterwards divided into four Kingdoms and lasted in that State till Julius Cesar was made Perpetual Dictator 280 Years more Years of the World Years before Christ. 3619. Alexander proclaimed King of Asia offered great and costly Sacrifices to his Gods and distributed his Treasures his Cities and his Provinces among his Friends The Air growing infectious by the great number of the Slain obliged him to break up from Arbela He marched to Babylon the Governor whereof opened the Gates to him and this great Conqueror made a Publick Entrance into that City where they extolled his Valor and praised his Fortune 331 Calisthenes the Philosopher who attended Alexander in this Expedition found in Babylon Astronomical Observations for 1903 years past which he sent into Greece to Aristotle By which it is proved that the Chaldeans began their Observations in Astronomy since the year of the World 1716. When Alexander perceived his Army to grow insensibly Effeminate by the Luxuries they met with in Babylon he ordered them to decamp and marched to Susa where he was received with loud Acclamations of Joy the twentieth day after he left Babylon In Susa he found several Dromedaries twelve Elephants and Money to the Value of about Seven millions Five hundred thousand Pounds with a great many Pieces of Purple 3620. Alexander engaged in several Battels which he won and had by that means a way open to Persepolis where was the most magnificent and beautiful Palace of all the East This Place he took and by the Instigation of Thais a Courtesan burnt it when he was drunk He found therein 120 Talents and so vast a Treasure as loaded 20000 Mules and 5000 Horses 330 After this he marched in pursuit of Darius who was retreated to Ecâ—atane in Media where he had raised more Forces for another Battel But Bessus who commanded the greatest part of these Forces assassinated him and afterwards fled away Darius being stabb'd was thrown into a Cart which a Macedonian happened to meet with The dying King prayed him to help him to a little Water drank of it and immediately expired Alexander hearing of it ran thither found Darius dead wept over his Body bewailed his Misfortunes covered him with his Mantle ordered him to be embalmed and sent him to Sisygambis to bury him in the Sepulcher of his Ancestors Then he distributed among his Soldiers the one half of the Booty which he took in this last Expedition which amounted to Three milions eight hundred and fifty thousand Pounds Alexander made Incursions into the Country of the Parthians stayed some time at Hecatompolis and at last arrived upon the Frontiers of Hircania He conquered where e'er he came by his Valour storming those Towns he could not win by Treaty After this he entred into Zadracarta the chief City of Hircania where he stayed 15 days Nabarzanes who had a hand in the Murder of Darius came thither to wait upon Alexander and brought him Presents to gain his Favour which was granted him It was at this place where Thalestris or Minothea the Queen of the Amazons whose Country according to Q Curtius was situated between the River Phasis and the Mountain of Caucasus came to visit him upon a Business no way redounding to the Honour of that Princess But some pretend that this whole Matter of Fact as related by Curtius is false 'T is said that Onesicritus reading the Fourth Book of his History wherein he treats of the Adventure of this Queen to Lysimachus who had constantly attended Alexander in all his Expeditions this Lysimachus being then King said to him smiling And where