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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	husband_n	young_a	youth_n	27	3	7.4688	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36034	The historical library of Diodorus the Sicilian in fifteen books : the first five contain the antiquities of Egypt, Asia, Africa, Greece, the islands, and Europe : the last ten an historical account of the affairs of the Persians, Grecians, Macedonians and other parts of the world : to which are added the fragments of Diodorus that are found in the Bibliotheca of Photius : together with those publish'd by H. Valesius, L. Rhodomannus, and F. Ursinus / made English by G. Booth ..., Esq.; Bibliotheca historica. English	Diodorus, Siculus.; Booth, George, 17th/18th cent.; Valois, Henri de, 1603-1676.; Rhodoman, Lorenz, 1546-1606.; Photius, Saint, Patriarch of Constantinople, ca. 820-ca. 891. Bibliotheca.; Orsini, Fulvio, 1529-1600.	1700 (1700)	Wing D1512; ESTC R15327	1,369,223	858

follow after him both because his Army was in want of Provision and in other ill Circumstances as likewise for that he had a great desire to inter his Dead in the most solemn manner he possibly could Upon which occasion here sell out a strange Accident at this time very unusual and dissonant from the Laws of the Grecians For there was one Ceteus who commanded them The Story of Ceteus his two Wives that came out of India and fought with great Resolution but di'd in this Battel He left two Wives behind him who follow'd him all along during the Campagne One he had but lately marry'd the other had been his Wife for some years before and both lov'd their Husband exceedingly It had been an ancient Custom in India for Men and Women to marry themselves with their own mutual Liking without consulting the Advice of their Parents And in regard that in those former times young People would rashly marry one another and often repent afterwards as being deceiv'd in their Choice many Wives were corrupted and through their inordinate Lusts fell in Love with other Men and because they could not with their Credit and Reputation leave them they first chose they would often poison their Husbands to the more ready effecting of which the Country did not a little contribute by bearing many and divers sorts of Poisonous Plants some of which never so little bruis'd either in Meat or Drink do certainly kill the Party This wicked Art growing still more and more to Perfection and many being destroy'd by this Means and though several were punish'd for these Pieces of Villany yet other would not be reclaim'd nor restrain'd from the like Practices another Law therefore was made That Wives should be burnt together with their dead Husbands except they were with Child or had born Children and that she who would not observe the Common Law of the Land should remain a Widow and as one convicted of that Impiety should be excluded from all sacred Rites and all other Benefit and Privilege of the Laws This being thus establish'd hence-forward this Wickedness of the Wives was chang'd into a contrary P. 689. Ant. Ch. 314. Practice For being that every Wife to avoid that insufferable Disgrace was voluntarily to Die they became not only careful to preserve the Health and provide for the Well-being of their Husbands as that which was likewise their own Preservation but the Wives strove one with another as who should gain the highest pitch of Honour and Reputation An Example of which sell out at this time For although by the Law one only was to be burnt with the Husband yet at the Funeral of Cetius both strove which should die as for some Honourable Reward of their Virtue Whereupon the Matter was brought before the Generals for their Decision The Younger declar'd That the other was with Child and therefore her Death could not satisfy the Law The Elder pleaded That it was a greater Piece of Justice that she who was before the other in Years should be preferr'd before her in Honour For in all other Cases the constant Rule is to yield more Honour and Respect to the Elder than to the Younger The Captains being inform'd by the Midwives that the Elder was with Child preferr'd the Younger before the other Upon which she lost her Cause went out weeping and wailing renting her Vail in pieces and tearing her Hair as if some sad and dreadful News had been told her The other rejoicing in the Victory made forthwith to the Funeral Pile crown'd by the Women of her House with Attires call'd * Attires Women us'd to wear with Labels hanging down Mitres and by her Kindred brought forth most richly adorn'd as to some Nuptial Festival setting forth her Praises all along as they went in Songs fitted for that occasion As soon as she came to the Pile she threw off her Attire and distributed them amongst Ant. Ch 14. her Servants and Friends leaving these behind her as tokens of Remembrances for them that loved her Her Attire was multitudes of Rings upon her Fingers set with all manner of precious Stones of divers Colours Upon her Head were a great number of little Golden Stars between which were plac'd sparkling Stones of all sorts About her Neck she wore abundance of Jewels some small others large increasing by degrees in bigness as they were put on one after another At length she took leave of all her Family and Servants and then her Brother plac'd her upon the Pile and to the great Admiration of the People who flock'd thither to see the Sight with an Heroick Courage she there ended her Life The whole Army solemnly in their Arms march'd thrice round the Pile before it was kindled She in the mean time disposing of her self towards her Husband's Body discover'd not by any Screeks or otherwise that she was at all daunted at the Noise of the Crackling Flames so that the Spectators were affected some with Pity and others with Admiration and extraordinary Commendation of her Resolution However there are some who condemn this Law as Cruel and Inhumane After the Funeral was over Eumenes march'd from Patetacine to Gabiene which being Eumenes marches to Gabiene Ant. Ch. 314. yet untouch'd was in a condition to supply the Army with all Things necessary which was distant from Antigonus his Army going through the Countries inhabited Five and twenty Days Journey but passing through the Desarts where there 's no Water 't is but Nine Days Journey Being thus far distant one from another he there winter'd and so gave his Army time to refresh themselves As for the Affairs of Europe Cassander while he lay at the Siege of Tegea hearing of Cassander marches into Macedonia the return of Olympias into Macedonia and of the Death of Eurydice and King Philip and what was done to the Sepulchre of Jollas his Brother agreed with the Taegeans and march'd with his Army into Macedonia leaving his Consederates in great Trouble and Perplexity For Alexander the Son of Polysperchon was then entred Peloponnesus and ready P. 690. to set upon the Cities with a great Army And the Aetolians to ingratiate themselves with Olympias and Polsyperchon seiz'd upon the straight Passes at Pylas and block'd up the Passage to stop Cassander in his march But he perceiving that it was very difficult for him to force his way through those narrow Streights by the help of some Ships and several Boats out of Eubea and Locris pass'd over into Thessaly And hearing that Polysperchon lay with his Army in Perrhabea he order'd away Callas his General with some Forces to fight him In the mean time Dinias being sent away to secure the * Strights of Perrhabea Streights possess'd himself of those Passes before the Forces of Olympias could reach them As soon as Olympias heard that Cassander was entring Macedonia with a great Army she created Aristonous General and commanded him to

according to what he might justly expect revolted and join'd with Cassander He had left one Phaenix one of his Confederates President of the Province adjoining to the Hellespont and sent over some Soldiers to him wishing him to take care of the Castles and Cities there and for the future not regard any Orders that came from Antigonus It was generally agreed by Alexander's Captains as part of their Articles among themselves that the Greek Cities should be all restor'd to their ancient Liberties Therefore Ptolemy King of Egypt charging Antigonus that he had put Garisons into several Greek Towns and Cities prepar'd to make War upon him And sent Leonides a Captain of his own into Cilicia Aspera and there possess'd himself of certain Cities and Places belonging to Antigonus and moreover sent his Agent to some Cities appertaining to Cassander and Lysimachus that they would follow his Advice and not suffer Antigonus to grow too fast in Power And as for Antigonus he sent his younger Son Philip to make War upon Phaenix and Ant. Ch. 308. others who had revolted from him in Hellespont but his Son Demetrius he sent into Cilicia who putting in Execution what he had in Command routed the Captains of Ptolemy that were there and recover'd the Cities While these things were doing Polysperchon then residing in Peloponnesus still affecting Polysperchon seeks to restore Hercules the Government of Macedon cry'd out against Cassander and sent for Hercules a Son of * The Great Alexander begotten upon Barfine out of Pergamus now of the Age of Seventeen years and sent up and down to those who were his own Friends and Enemies to Cassander to help to set this young Man unto his Father's Kingdom He sollicited likewise by his Letters the Aetolians to assist him in his present Design promising that they should find more Grace and Favour at his hands than at any time before if they would help him to restore the young Lad to his Father's Throne All things going on according to his Heart's desire and the Aetolians complying with his request many others came flocking in to restore the New King so that there were got together above Twenty thousand Foot and no less than a Thousand Horse And P. 743. thus setting himself with all his might to the Work he rais'd what Money he could and sent some to sollicit his Friends in Macedonia to assist him In the mean time Ptolemy of Aegypt having all Cyprus under his Command and finding The miserable Destruction of Nicocles and his Family in Cyprus Ant. Ch. 308. that Nicocles the King of Paphos held Correspondence under-hand with Antigonus sent two Confidents of his own Argaus and Callicrates with Instructions to make away Nicocles for he was much afraid lest some others also should fall off as he had perceiv'd many others had done before Wherefore passing into Cyprus and taking with them a certain Number of Soldiers from Menelaus who commanded the Army there they beset the House of Nicocles and then telling him what the King's Pleasure was advis'd him to dispose of himself for another World He at first went to clear himself of what was laid to his Charge but when he saw that no Man hearkned to what he said drew his Sword and slew himself Axiothea his Wife hearing of her Husband's Death took her Daughters who were all Young and Virgins and cut their Throats that they might not fall into any of the Enemy's hands and was earnest with the Wives of Nicocles his Brothers to accompany her in her own Death whereas Ptolemy had given no order concerning any of them save only to preserve them The King's Palace therefore thus fill'd with the sudden and unexpected Slaughters and dreadful Spectacles so affected the Brothers of Nicocles that they shut every Man his own Door upon him and set fire on their Houses and slew themselves so the whole Race of the Kings of Paphos came to a Tragick and Lamentable End Having given an Account of those Affairs we before promis'd we shall now proceed to those that follow next in order About this time in * In the Cimmerian Bosphorus near Pontus Euxinus or in Taurica Chersonesus Pontus after the Death of Parysadas King of the Cimmerian Bosphorus his Sons Eumelus Satyrus and Prytanis contended one with another for the Kingdom Satyrus the Eldest was appointed Successor by his Father who reign'd Eight and Thirty Years Eumelus compacting with some of the Natives adjoining rais'd an Army and laid claim to the Kingdom against his Elder Brother of which Satyrus being inform'd went against him with a great Army and passing the River Thapsus when he came near his Camp with his Carts and Wagons wherein he had brought an infinite quantity of Provision Ant. Ch. 308. and ranging afterwards his Army in the Field after the manner of the Scythian Kings he led the main Battel himself He had not in his Army above * A Thousand in the Margent Two thousand Greeks and as many Thracians all the rest were Scythians which came to assist him to the number of Twenty thousand and no less than Ten thousand Horse Eumelus was assisted by Ariophames King of Thrace with Twenty thousand Horse and Two and twenty thousand Foot Between these Forces a bloody Battel was fought wherein Satyrus who had with him a choice Party of brave Horse encountred first with Ariopharnes in a Skirmish of Horse who likewise commanded the middle Battel opposite to Satyrus many fell on both sides at length he forc'd his way through and put the Barbarian King to flight and being the first in the pursuit put every Man to the Sword that was in his way But when he heard that his Brother Eumelus in the right Wing had routed the Mercenaries he left off the Pursuit and made up to the Succor of those that fled and regain'd the day and utterly broke and routed the whole Army putting them all to flight so that he gave a clear Testimony that he justly deserv'd to Wear the Crown as well upon the Account of his Valour as upon the Privilege of his Birth Ariopharnes and Eumelus thus beaten fled into the * Ariopharnes his Palace P. 744. Ant. Ch. 308. King's Palace which was inviron'd with the River Thasis of an exceeding depth so that the Place was of difficult approach it was surrounded likewise with steep Rocks and thick Woods into which there were only two Entrances made by Art One leading straight to the Palace defended with high Towers and Bulwarks the other on the other side was made in the Fens guarded with Forts and Towers of Timber rais'd upon Pillars over the Water The Place being very strong Satyrus first wasted the Enemy's Country and burnt their Towns whence he carry'd a vast Number of Prisoners and abundance of Spoil Afterwards he attempted to force his way through the Passes but losing many of his Men at the Bulwarks and Towers he was forc'd to

Fables report that in the Time of Isis there were Men of vast Bodies whom the Grecians call Giants and whom they place in their Temples in prodigious Shapes who are whipt and scourg'd by them that Sacrifice to Osiris Some idly give forth that they sprang from the Earth when at first it gave Being to Living Creatures Others report that from many extraordinary things done by Men of strong Bodies the Fables and Stories of Giants arose But in this most agree that for the War they rais'd against the Gods Jupiter and Osiris they were all destroy'd It was a Law likewise they say in Egypt against the Custom of all other Nations that Brothers and Sisters might Marry one with another which accordingly was prosperous and successful in the Marriage of Isis who marry'd her Brother Osiris and after his Death made a Vow never to marry any other Man and after she had reveng'd her Husbands Death upon his Murderers she govern'd the Kingdom and reign'd justly all her Days and did good universally to all sorts of People obliging them with many and extraordinary Benefits and Advantages And for her sake it is a Custom among them that they honour a Queen and allow her more Power and Authority than a King And in their Contracts of Marriage Authority is given to the Wife over her Husband at which time the Husbands promise to be obedient to their Wives in all things Obedience to Wives in Egypt Isis was Buri'd at Memphis where at this day her Shrine is to be seen in the Grove of Vulcan Although some affirm that these Gods lie Bury'd in the Isle of Nile at Philas as is before said Neither am I ignorant that some Writers say their Sepulchers are at Arabia whence Dionysus is call'd Nysaeus there they say is a Pillar erected to each of the Deities with Inscriptions of Sacred Letters upon them in one of which that belonging to Isis are these Words I am Isis Queen of all this Country the Scholar of Mercury What Laws I have made none ought to disannul I am the Eldest Daughter of the Youngest God Saturn I am the Wife and Sister of King Osiris I am she that first found out Corn for Man's use I am the Mother of King Orus I am she that arises in the Dog-Star The City Bubastus was built in memory of me Farewel rejoyce O Egypt that was my Nurse that brought me up Upon Osiris's Pillar are these that follow My Father was Saturn the Youngest of all the God's I am Osiris that led an Army through all the Nations as far as to the Deserts of India and in the Countries lying to the North as far as to the Head Springs of the River Ister and to other Parts as far as to the Ocean I am the Eldest Son of Saturn a Branch of a famous noble Stock Cosin German to the Day There 's not a Place in the World where I have not been and what I have discover'd I have imparted to all So much of the Inscriptions on the Pillars they say may be read the rest is defac'd and worn out through length of Time Thus therefore many disagree concerning the Sepulchres of these Gods because the Priests who were secretly instructed in the perfect Knowledge of these matters would not suffer them to be spread abroad out of fear of those Punishments that such were liable unto who reveal'd the Secrets of the Gods They report that afterwards many Colonies out of Egypt were dispers'd over Colonies out of Egypt all parts of the World That Belus who was taken to be the Son of Neptune and Lybra led a Colony into the Province of Babylon and fixing his Seat at the River Euphrates Consecrated Priests and according to the custom of the Egyptians freed Babylonians them from all publick Taxes and Impositions These Priests the Babylonians call Caldeans who observe the Motions of the Stars in imitation of the Priests Naturalists and Astrologers of Egypt That Danaus likewise took from thence another Colony and planted them in Argos the most ancient City almost of all Greece And that the People of Cholchos in Pontus and the * Cholchians Jews 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Circumcision Jews lying between Arabia and Syria were Colonies out of Egypt and that therefore it is an ancient Custom among these Nations to Circumcise all their Male Children after the Rites and Customs receiv'd from the Egyptians That the Athenians likewise are a Colony of the † Athenians The Saits of the City Sais near one of the Mouths of Nile in Delta in the lower Egypt Saits which came out of Egypt and are their Kindred they endeavour to prove by these Arguments That is to say That they only of all the Greeks call the City Astu from Astu a City among those People of the Saits And that for the better Government of the Commonwealth they divide their People into the same Ranks and Degrees as they in Egypt do to wit into Three Orders the first of which are call'd * The Nobility Eupatride imploy'd for the most part in studying the Liberal Arts and Sciences and are advanc'd to the highest Offices and Places of Preferment in the State as the Priests of Egypt are The Second Order of Men are the Rustick and Country People who are to be Souldiers and take up Arms upon all occasions for the Defence of their Country like to those who are call'd † Tillers of the Ground Husbandmen in Egypt who furnish out Soldiers there In the Third Rank are reckon'd Tradesmen and Artificers who commonly bore all the necessary and publick Offices which agrees exactly with the Orders and Usage among the Egyptians They say likewise that there were some of the Athenian Generals that came Captains out of Egypt Vid. Plutarch Theseus out of Egypt For they affirm that Peteos the Father of Menestheus who was a Captain in the Trojan War was an Egyptian and afterwards was King of Athens That the Athenians had not Wit enough to find out the true reason why Two Natures were ascrib'd to him for every Man knows that he was call'd Half a Beast that is half a Man and half a Beast and the true ground was because he was a Member of Two several Commonwealths a Grecian and a Barbarian * The Fourth King of Athens time of the Exodus of the Children of Israel Erechtheus likewise one of the Kings of Athens they say was an Egyptian which they prove by these Arguments viz. That whereas there was a great Drought as all confess almost over all the World † This seems to be the Seven Years Famine Scarcity all over the World but in Egypt except Egypt only because of the peculiar property of the Place which destroy'd both Men and the Fruits of the Earth together Erechtheus transported a great quantity of Corn to Athens out of Egypt because they and the Egyptians were of the same Kindred with which Kindness the

Punishment upon Pentheus and Lycurgus But because the invention and use of Wine is very grateful to Manboth for its pleasant relish and its strengthening and inlivening of the Body it is the Custom at Supper-time when pure and unmixt Wine is freely offer'd to all to call upon the Good Genius but after Supper when the Wine is mixt with Water to call upon † Jupiter the Saviour Jupiter Soter For from pure and unmixt Wine many times proceeds Madness but temper'd and allay'd with * Water call'd the Liquor of Jove 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Liquor that descends from Jove it truly chears and refreshes the Spirits and cures Men of their Madness and Intoxication Amongst all the Gods they say Bacchus and Ceres deserve most to be honour'd by Mankind because they were by their good Inventions most benefited For he found out the most pleasant Drink and she the most strengthening Food They report that there was another Bacchus or Dionysus much ancienter than this the Son of Jupiter and Proserpina call'd by some Sabazius at whose Birth Dionysus Sabazius Sacreds and Sacrifices were celebrated in secret and in the Night by reason of the filthy Commixtures that were then among them It 's said he was of a very sharp Wit and was the first that taught how to yoke Oxen and by them how to Plow and Sow the Ground whence they feign him to have Horns They say likewise that the † Dionysus of Thebes Son of Semele was of later times of a slender and delicate shape of Body and most comly Feature exceeding Amorous and addicted to the Sports of Venus That he carry'd about with him multitudes of Women in his Army furnish'd with Launces wrapt about with all sorts of Flowers And that the Muses attended him in his Expedition Virgins excellently learn'd who by their melodious Singing Dancing and other pleasant Diversions exceedingly delighted the God Selenus it s said was his Master his Fauster Father and Associate in his Wars 〈◊〉 and was an excellent Instructor and Teacher and contributed much to the improvement of Bacchus in Virtue and the advancement of his Reputation and Honour In the time of Battel he was furnish'd with warlike Weapons and a Coat of Mail cover'd with a Panther's Skin in time of Peace when he celebrated Solemn Festivals and came into the General Assemblies he was cloathed with splendid and delicate Apparel and to prevent the Head-ach by drinking of too much Wine he wore a Mitre upon his Head and was call'd * The Miter Wearer Mitrophorus This gave occasion to Kings afterwards to wear Diadems They say he was call'd † Bimater one of Two Mothers Bimater because both Dionysus's had one Father but several Mothers but the Younger succeeded the Elder in the like remarkable Actions and therefore Posterity through ignorance of the Truth and being both had one and the same Name concluded that there was but one Dionysus They attribute to him the carrying of a Rod for the Reasons following When Wine was first found out it was drunk pure not mix'd with Water so that in many Meetings and solemn Festivals many times Men drunk to that P. 149. Excess that they grew Mad and Furious and beat one another with Clubs and Staves insomuch as some were grievously wounded and others were kill'd at which Dionysus was much offended and though he did not altogether forbid the drinking of unmixt Wine because it was so pleasant and delicious yet instead of Clubs he order'd the use of Wanns and small Rods. Men have given him many Sirnames according to the several Acts or Circumstances of his Life For he 's call'd Bacchaeus from the * 〈◊〉 bowling or Mourning Women Bacchae that accompany'd him Leneus from pressing of the Grapes at the † Lonos a Wine-press Iyrigene Winepress Bromeus or Thunderer because of the Crash of Thunder that was at the time of his Birth and for the same Reason he was call'd * Fireborn He was sirnam'd likewise Thriambus because he was the first of whom ever any mention was made that Triumph'd when he return'd loaden with many Spoils into his Country from his Indian Expedition Many other Names were assign'd him which would be both too tedious particularly to recite and likewise foreign from the Design of this History They held that he had two * Biformis Faces because there were two Dionysus's the ancient Dionysus who always wore a long Beard because all in ancient time let their Beards grow and this later Bacchus who was a spruce young Man as we have before declar'd But some say that a double Countenance was assign'd him because of the two special Qualities wherewith Drunkards are affected being either raging mad or transported with Mirth They say likewise that he carry'd Satyrs along with him who by their dancing and skipping in his Sports and Plays made the God exceeding merry To conclude as the Muses pleas'd and delighted him with the Knowledge of the liberal Sciences so the Satyrs with their Tricks and antick and ridiculous Gestures and Actions compleated the Happiness and Comfort of his Life It 's reported likewise he invented Plays and set up Theaters and instituted Musick Schools and freed all Musicians that went along with him in his Expeditions from publick Taxes and hence it is that Posterity after the Example of Dionysus have created Societies of Musicians and decreed that all of that Profession should be free But that we may keep within due Bounds we shall here put an end to our Discourse concerning Bacchus and his Actions in Ancient times And now since what is anciently reported of Priapus is as we conceive pertinent to this History of Bacchus we shall here proceed to give an Account of him The Ancients feign that Priapus was the Son of Bacchus and Venus induc'd thereunto by a probable Argument which is this That when Men are drunk they are naturally prone to Venery and some say that when the ancient Mythologists would name a Man's Yard they call'd it Priapus and therefore that the privy Parts because they are the Instruments of Generation and support the constant and continual Succession of Mankind have receiv'd divine Honour The Egyptians tell this Story concerning Priapus They say that the Titanes in ancient times treacherously assassinated Osiris and divided his Members into equal Parts and that every one privately carry'd away a Part out of the Palace only his privy Members they threw into the River because none would meddle with them But Isis they say after a diligent Inquiry made concerning the Murder of her Husband and having reveng'd his Death upon the Titanes by conjoyning his dismember'd Parts reduc'd them to a humane Shape and deliver'd the Body to the Priests to be bury'd and commanded that Osiris should be ador'd as a God P. 150. and appointed the Shape of his privy Member which only was wanting and could not be found to be set up as a

and many taken Prisoners and the Romans carry'd away great Spoil After this Slaughter the Aequi submitted to the mercy of the Romans Posthumius having thus bravely manag'd the War according to Custom triumph'd A thing something incredible is reported to be done by this Posthumius to wit that he put his own Son to Posthumius put his own Son to death Death for that in the Battel out of a spritely heat of Youth pressing on upon the Enemy he left his Post assign'd him by his Father This Year ended † Or rather Iparchus Olymp. 89. 1. An. Mu. 3548. Ant. Chr. 425. Nicias invades Melus Isarchus was chief Magistrate at Athens and at Rome Titus Quintius and Caius Julius were Consuls at which time the Eighty Ninth Olympiad was celebrated at Elis in which Symmachus was again Victor At this time the Athenians made Nicias Admiral of their Fleet who with Threescore Sail and Three Thousand Men at Arms under his Command was ordered to invade the Lacedemonian Confederates Whereupon he forthwith made up to the Island Melus spoil'd the Country and besieged the City many days For this only of all the Islands of the Cyclades stood firm and constant to the Lacedemonians because they were a Colony from Sparta Nicias knowing he was not in a condition able to storm the Place which made a resolute Defence pass'd to Oropus in Beotia and leaving his Fleet there march'd with his Forces into Tanagria where he was join'd with new Supplies from Athens under the Command Spoils Tanagria of Hipponicus the Son of Callias Both these together proceeded in wasting and spoiling the Country Hereupon the Thebans came out against them and fought them but the Athenians routed them with a great Slaughter When all was over Hipponicus with his Forces return'd to Athens and Nicias to the Fleet who sailing along the Coasts of Locris wasts and destroys many Places upon the Sea-shoar Here Forty Ships came up to him from the Confederates which with those he had before made up a Navy of an Hundred Sail he had likewise a brave Army of Land Soldiers with which he made for Corinth and landing his Men engaged with the Army of the Corinthians beat them twice and after Nicias routs the Corinthians and invades Cythera the Slaughter of many of his Enemies erected a Trophy In this Fight there were kill'd only Eight of the Athenians but Three Hundred of the Corinthians Thence he sail'd toward * A Town near Corinth Cremmion spoil'd the Country and took the Castle by Assault Presently after he marches back Fortifying the Castle in † In Laconia Ant. Chr. 425. Methone by the way and having put in a strong Garrison wasted the Country adjoining and at length spoiling and harrasing all along upon the Sea-Coast return'd to Athens Not long after the Athenians sent forth Threescore Sail and Two Thousand Men at Arms against * An Island on the South-East side of Laconia Cythera under the command of Nicias and some others When he had landed his Men in the Island the City after a short Siege surrendred and leaving there a good Garrison for the defence P. 320. of the Island he passed over to Pelōponesus and spoil'd the Country upon the Sea-Coasts and took † In Peloponesus now call'd Cerigo belonging to the Venetians Thyre situated between the Consines of Laconia and Argos by Assault and demolish'd the Walls and made all the Inhabitants Captives But the Aeginetes who inhabited there and Tantalus the Governor of the Castle he sent Prisoners to Athens where they were detain'd with other Prisoners Whilst these things were acting the Megareans now tir'd out with the War they had both with the Athenians and their Exiles after many Messages backwards and forwards between the two Cities some of the Citizens of Megara incens'd against the Exiles promis'd the Athenian Commanders to betray the City To that end Hippocrates and Demosthenes the Athenian Generals by Compact with them of Megara sent in the Night Six Hundred Souldiers to the City whom the Traitors let in within the Walls But the Treachery being discover'd the Ant. Chr. 425. Magara betray'd to the Athenians People were divided into Two Factions one sided with the Athenians and the other with the Lacedemonians In the mean time one of his own accord made Proclamation that whosoever would might join with the Megareans and Athethenians The Lacedemonians thus deserted by them of Megara the Watch which was all along upon the Walls left their station and fled into the Arsinal call'd Nicea where the Megareans kept all their Naval Stores and Provisions But the Athenians intrench'd round and besieg'd the Castle and a little time after sending for Workmen from Athens compass'd in Nicea with a Wall Upon this the Peloponesians fearing they should all be put to the Sword if the Place were taken by Storm delivered up Nicea upon Conditions to the Athenians Thus stood the Affairs of Megara at this time But Brasidas with a great Army rais'd in Sparta and other Parts of Peloponesus marcht to Megara and drave the Athenians surprized with this suddain and unexpected approach out of Nicea and reduc'd the City to its former obedience Recover'd by Brasidas The Acts of Brasidas to the Lacedemonians Then he marched through Thessaly and came to Dion in Macedonia Thence going on to Acanthus he assisted the Chalcedeans and partly by Threats and partly by fair and plausible Arguments wrought upon the chief City of the Acanthians to desert the Athenians Afterwards he brought over many other of the Thracians to join as Confederates with the Lacedemonians and henceforward desiring to carry on the War with more Vigour sent for Soldiers out of Lacedemon to strengthen his Army The Spartans hereupon sent to him a Thousand of the best Souldiers amongst the * The Descendents of Slaves Ant. Chr. 425. Helots whom they had long before design'd to root out hoping most of them would be cut off in the War And there was another vile act of cruelty committed by them by which they determin'd utterly to destroy all the Helots For they made a Proclamation that whosoever of the Helots had done any service for Sparta should be made Free and to that end they should send in their Names When Two Thousand had writ their Names they order'd the most powerful and chief of the Citizens to cut all the Helots Throats in their several Houses For they were in great dread of them lest when they saw an opportunity they should join with their Enemies and so be instrumental to the ruin of Sparta However when these Helots with some other supplies from their Confederates join'd with Brasidas his Army was very Strong And thus strengthen'd he March'd P. 321. his Forces to Amphipolis Aristogoras the Milesian was the first that brought Colonies into the City when he fled from Darius the King of Persia But after Aristogoras his Death the Inhabitants were

clear himself of all those Crimes and Miscarriages that were laid to his charge However he was afterwards kill'd by Hecateus according to the King's Command upon which the Macedonian Army in Asia laid aside all Thoughts of a Defection for that Attalus was now gone and Parmenio greatly lov'd Alexander But being we are now about to write of the Kingdom of Persia it 's necessary that we begin our Relation a little higher Lately in the Reign of Philip * Darius Ochus Ochus poison'd by Bagoas Ochus rul'd over the Persians hated by all for his Ill Nature and Cruelty towards his Subjects Bagoas therefore a Colonel in the Army and an Eunuch but a wicked and beastly Fellow poison'd the King by the help of his Physician and plac'd the King's youngest Son Arses upon the Throne He likewise murder'd the New King's Brothers who were yet very young that being thus bereft of his Relations he might be more observant to himself But the Young Man abhorring the Wickedness of this Wretch and plainly by many Tokens discovering his Design to punish him Bagoas smelling it out murther'd Arses and Arses murder'd by Bagoas all his Children in the Third Year of his Reign The Royal Family being thus extinct and none of that Race left who could make any Title to the Crown he advanc'd one of his Friends call'd Darius to the Kingdom He Ant. Ch. 333. was the Son of Arsanus the Brother of Artaxerxes King of Persia But the Fate of Bagoas was very remarkable for having habituated himself to Cruelty he resolv'd likewise to poison Darius in a medicinal Potion But this Treason being discover'd the King sent Bagoas justly punish'd by Darius friendly to speak with him and when he came deliver'd to him the Cup and forc'd him to drink it off And indeed Darius was judg'd worthy to enjoy the Kingdom being look'd upon as the most Valiant Man among the Persians For heretofore when Artaxerxes was engag'd in a Battel against the Cadusians one of the Enemy of a strong Body and couragious Spirit challeng'd any of the Persians there present to a single Combat which when none would dare to undertake this Darius enter'd the List and kill'd the Cadusian For which he was highly rewarded by the King and gain'd the chiefest Reputation for Valour among the Persians And for this reason also he was accounted worthy of the Crown of Persia and began to Reign about the same time that Philip dy'd and Alexander succeeded in the Kingdom The Valour therefore of Alexander meeting with such a Man as this for his Adversary to cope with was the occasion so many Battels were fought for the Empire with that Resolution as they were But these Matters will appear more clear hereafter when things come to be distinctly and particularly related For the present we shall return to the Ant. Ch. 333. orderly course of the History * Darius Codomannus conquer'd by Alexander Darius being advanc'd to the Throne of Persia a little before the Death of Philip he was contriving how to avert the War threatned and bring it over to Macedonia it self But when he was dead and so the King freed from that Fear he slighted and despis'd the Youth of Alexander But being for his Valour and Activeness of Spirit in dispatch of Business at length created General of all Greece the Fame and Valour of the Young Man was * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in every Man's mouth And Darius now began to look about him and employ'd his chief Care to raise Forces and fitted out a great Fleet and made choice of the best Officers he could procure to Command his Army which was now very great and numerous among whom Memnon the Rhodian was one a Brave man both for Valour and Discipline Him the King Commanded to march to * Cyzicus an Island in the Propontis and a City there Cyzicus with Five thousand men and to endeavour to take in that City Who in order thereto march'd his Army over the Mountain Ida. Some fabulously report that this Mountain was so call'd from Ida of Meliseus It is the highest Mountain of any about the Hellespont In the middle is a Cave as if it A Description of Mount Ida. were made of purpose to entertain the Gods in which it is reported That * This was Paris the Son of P●iam called Alexander who decided the Controversy between Juno Minerva and Venus by giving the Golden Apple to Venus as the fairest Paus l. 5. c. 19. Alexander gave Judgment concerning the Goddesses Here it 's said the * The Sons of Minerva and Apollo Idei Dactyli were born who were the first that were taught to work in Iron † Cybele by the Mother of the Gods A thing also very Wonderful and Remarkable is ascrib'd to this Place For at the rising of the * In August Dog-Star there is such a Serenity and Calmness of the Air upon the Top of the Mount as if it were there above all Storms and Winds and then even at Midnight the Sun seems to rise so as that its Rays appear not in a Circular Form but casts abroad Flames of Fire here and there at a great distance so that it seems as if Flakes of Fire in several Places overspread the Earth which within a little while after are contracted into one Body till they come to the quantity of Three * Three hundred Foot Plethras At length when the Day is at hand there appears as it were the compleat Body of the Sun inlightning the Air as it uses to do at other times But to proceed Memnon having pass'd over this Mountain assaults Cyzicum on a sudden Ant. Ch. 333. Memnon and was very near surprizing of it But failing in his Design he harrass'd the Country and return'd loaden with a rich Booty In the mean time Parmenio took Grynnius by Storm and sold all the Inhabitants for Parmenio takes Grynnius Slaves Then he besieg'd Pitane but Memnon approaching the Macedonians in a Fright quitted the Siege Afterwards Callas with a Body of Macedonians and other Mercenaries fought with the Persians in the Country of Troas and being overpower'd with Number was beaten and forc'd to retire to Rhetium And in this Condition was Asia at that time Alexander having quieted all the Commotions in Greece march'd with his Army into Thrace which struck such Terror into those People that had caus'd Tumults and Disorders there that he forc'd them to submit to his Government Then he invaded Peonia and * Now Dalmatia or Sclavonia Illyria and the People bordering upon them and having subdu'd those that had Revolted he likewise brought under his Dominion the Barbarians next adjoyning While he was engag'd in these Wars he receiv'd Intelligence that many of the Graecians were about to Revolt and that a considerable Number of the Greek Cities particularly Thebes had already actually rejected his Sovereignty He was hereupon in a great Rage

Retreat But making an Attack upon that side towards the Fenns he took the Timber-Forts which he demolish'd and then pass'd the River Upon which he began to fell a Wood through which he must needs pass to the Palace and while these attempts were carrying on in great Earnestness King Ariopharnes fearing lest the Castle should be taken by Storm valiantly fell upon them perceiving there were no hopes of safety remaining but in an absolute Victory He plac'd likewise Archers on both sides the Passage by whom he sore gall'd the Fellers of the Wood because they could neither see the Arrows before they pierc'd them nor come at the Archers nor return the like upon them by reason of the thick and close standing of the Trees However Satyrus his Soldiers continu'd falling the Wood and opening a Way to the Palace for three Days together though with great Toil and Hazard the Fourth day they came under the Wall But being worsted through showers of Arrows and straightness of the Places they sustain'd very great loss For Meniscus who led the Mercenary Companies having got Ant. Ch. 308. in at a Passage though he Fought very manfully was nevertheless being over-laid with the Multitude within forc'd to retreat Whom Satyrus seeing in such imminent Danger came up to him with seasonable Relief and bearing up against the Enemy's Charge was run through the Arm with a Spear which was so sore that it forc'd him to retire to his Camp and the next Night died of the Wound having reign'd scarce nine Months after the Death of Parasydas his Father Hereupon Meniscus Captain of the Mercenaries breaking up the Siege drew off the Army to a City call'd Gargaza and from thence carry'd the King's Body down the River to a City call'd Pantacapeum to his Brother Prytanis who having magnificently bury'd it and laid up the Reliques in the King's Sepulchre went presently to Gargaza and there took into his hands the Army together with the Kingdom Hereupon came the Agents of Eumelus to him to treat concerning the parting of the Kingdom between them two which he would not hearken to Leaving therefore a strong Garison at Gargara he return'd to Pantacapeum there to settle the Affairs of his Kingdom But a while after Eumelus by the help of some Babarians possess'd himself of Gargara and sundry other Towns and Castles Whereupon Prytanis march'd with an Army against him but was overthrown in a Battel by his Brother and being shut up within a Neck of Land near the Lough of Meotis was forc'd to render himself upon Ant. Ch. 308. Conditions which were to give up all his Army and depart the Kingdom Nevertheless when Prytanis return'd to Pantacapeum which is the Place where the Kings of Bosphorus keep the standing Court he there endeavour'd again to recover his Kingdom but being foil'd there again he fled to a Place call'd the Gardens and was there slain Eumelus after the Death of his Brother to confirm himself in the Kingdom put to Death all the Friends Wives and Children of both his Brothers Satyrus and Prytanis only Parisades Satyrus his Son being but a very Youth escap'd his Hands for by the P. 745. benefit of a swift Horse he got away out of the City to Agarus King of the Scythians But when Eumelus saw that the People repin'd at the loss of their Friends whom he had murder'd he call'd them all together and there excus'd himself and restor'd to them their ancient form of Government and to the Citizens of Pantacapeum their former Immunities and promis'd to discharge them of all kind of Tributes sparing for no fair words which might reconcile the Hearts of the People to him by which means having regain'd their good Opinions he held a just and moderate Hand over them and grew afterwards into no small admiration for all kind of Virtue among them For he omitted not to oblige the Byzantians and Sinopians and the rest of the Grecian Inhabitants of Pontus by all the demonstrations of Kindness imaginable For when the Collantians were besieg'd by Lysimachus and were brought to great distress through want of Provision he entertain'd a Thousand of them who left the Place for want of Bread and not only granted them a safe Protection but allotted them Habitations within the City And divided likewise a Place Ant. Ch. 308. call'd Psoa with the Territory thereunto belonging among them by Lot And for the Benefit of the Merchants that Traded to Pontus he made War upon the Barbarous piratical Heniochians and them of Taurus with the Acheans and scowr'd and cleans'd the Seas of them So that his Name was advanc'd to the Skies as the Fruit of his Generosity not only in his own Kingdom but almost all the World over while the Merchants every where publish'd the Greatness and Braveness of his Spirit Moreover he much enlarg'd his Dominion by the addition of a considerable Part of the Barbarians Country bordering upon him and advanc'd the Fame and Reputation of his Kingdom above whatever it was before In conclusion he had a Design to have brought under all the neighbouring Nations and had certainly effected in short time what he had so design'd if he had not been prevented by Death For after he had reign'd five Years and as many Months he ended his days by a sudden and unusual Accident For returning home out of Scythia with a great desire to be present at a certain Sacrifice and making towards his Palace in a * Running upon Four Wheels The sad Death of Eumelus Chariot with four Horses cover'd over with a Canopy the Horses took a Fright at the Canopy and violently ran away with him the Coachman not being able to stop them in their Carreer Upon which Eumelus fearing lest he should be born away headlong down some steep Rock threw himself out but his Sword entangling in one of the Wheels he was hurry'd away with the violent Motion of the Chariot and kill'd forthwith It 's reported there were some Predictions concerning the Death of Eumelus and his Ant. Ch. 308. Brother Satyrus though something Foolish and Vain yet credited by the Inhabitants For they say that the Oracle warn'd Satyrus to be aware of one Musculus lest he should kill him and that for that reason he would not suffer any of that name whether Bond or Free to abide within his Dominions and that upon that account he was afraid both of House and Field * Musculus is little Mouse 〈◊〉 Mice Mice and continually charg'd the Children to kill 'em and stop up their Holes At length when he had done all that possibly he could to avoid his Fate he was at last kill'd by a Wound in the Muscle of his Arm. And as for Eumelus that he was charg'd by the Oracle to take heed of a Moving House and therefore that he durst not go into his House before his Servants had made a diligent Search to see that both the Roof and Foundation

govern according to their own Laws And now Lacedaemon being at leisure and at Peace with all her Neighbours prepares for War against them of Messina Some of them then held a Castle in Cephalenia others inhabited in Naupachus within the Country of the Locrians call'd Hesperians formerly given to them by the Athenians But they cast them out of both and restored the Castle to the Cephalenians and the other to the Locrians The miserable Messinians through the ancient hatred of the Lacedaemonians were expell'd every where and were forced to leave Greece marching away with their Arms some sail'd to Sicily and Listed themselves Soldiers under Dionysius others to the number of Three thousand made to * A City in Lybia in Africa Cyrene and join'd with other Exiles there For at that time a great Sedition was among the Cyrenians after Aristo with some others had possess'd themselves of the City by whom Five hundred of the principal Men of the City on a sudden were slain upon which all the Persons of Quality fled out of the Town Hereupon the Exiles of Cyrene join'd with the Messinians and march'd in a Body against them who kept the City The Parties engag'd and in the Fight a great slaughter was made of the Cyrenians and almost all the Messinians were cut off After the Fight Messengers were sent to and fro and the matter at length was compos'd by the Cyrenians among themselves who engag'd by solemn Oath one to another That all Injuries should be afterwards for ever forgotten so that they liv'd together from that time peaceably in the Government of their Common wealth About this time the Romans sent Colonies to them call'd * Velitrae Ventras The Year ended Laches was made Lord-Chancellor of Athens At Rome the Consular Ann. M. 3572. Olym 95. Ant. Ch. 398. Dignity was given again to Military Tribunes Manlius Claudius * Livy says Marcus Emilius Appius Claudius Marcus Quintilius Lucius Julius Marcus Posthumius and Lucius Valerius Marcus Quintius Lucius Julius Marcus Furius and Lucius Valerius Then was celebrated the Ninety Fifth Olympiad in which Minos the Athenian was Victor At the same time Artaxerxes King of Asia after the Defeat of Cyrus sent * Pharnabazus is here put for Tissaphernes Ush An. 169. Tissaphernes to take into his Care and Charge all the Governments on the Sea Coasts upon which the Provinces and Cities which had sided with Cyrus were greatly terrify'd lest they should be punish'd for what they had done against the King And therefore sought to qualify Tissaphernes by their Messengers and every one to the utmost of his Power endeavour'd to procure his Favour But Tamos the Chiefest of them Lord-Lieutenant of Ionia put his Wealth and all his Children on board except one call'd Gaus who was afterwards the King of Persia's General out of fear of Tissaphernes and sail'd into Aegypt for Protection to Psmammiticus the King Descended from the ancient Psammiticus whom he had formerly oblig'd by several good Offices and therefore hop'd he should find there shelter and safe Harbour to secure him from the impending Storm of the King 's Wrath. But Psammiticus neither valuing former Benefits nor regarding the Law of Nations to them in distress out of Covetousness to gain the Money and the Ships cut the Throat of his Friend and Suppliant and of all his Children The Cruelty of the King of Aegypt In the mean time the Graecian Cities throughout Asia hearing of the Descent of Tissaphernes sent Ambassadors to the Lacedaemonians and earnestly intreated them that they would not suffer them to be utterly destroy'd by the Barharians Upon this they promis'd forthwith to send them Aid and by their Ambassadors sollicited Tissaphernos that he would not invade the Graecian Cities with his Army However regardless of their Ambassadors P. 416. he set upon the Cumeans in the first place and wasted and spoil'd the Country round about and took a vast Number of Prisoners And afterwards besieged the City but by reason of Winter coming on he could not take it and therefore after he had receiv'd a great Sum of Money for the Redemption of the Captives he rais'd his Siege Ant. Ch. 398. The Lacedaemonians in defence of the Greek Cities made Thimbro General in the War against the King and gave him the Command of a Thousand Spartans with Orders to War between the Lacedaemenians and Persians raise as many Men more from among their Confederates as he thought fit for the present Service Upon which Thimbro goes to Corinth and mustering the Aid he had got together from several places he passes over to Ephesus with no more than Five thousand Men After he had raised Two thousand more from the Confederate Cities and other places having with him not above Seven thousand Men he march'd an * About Fifteen Miles Hundred and twenty Stages and took Magnesia at the first Assault a City within the Government of Tissaphernes Then he came to Trallis a Town in Ionia and determin'd to Besiege it but not being able to effect any thing to purpose there by reason of the strength of the place he return'd to Magnesia This place was then unwall'd therefore fearing lest Tissaphernes should retake it after he was gone he remov'd it higher to the next Hill call'd Thorax From whence he made several incursions upon the Enemy and loaded his Soldiers with variety of Plunder But hearing that Tissaphernes was near at hand with a great Body of Horse he forthwith retir'd to Ephesus About this time part of those Soldiers that went along with Cyrus against his Brother return'd into Greece every one to their own Country Others the greater part of them that were always accustomed to Military Employment to the number almost of Five thousand chose Xenophon for their General who with those Forces made an Expedition against the Thracians who inhabited * A Promontory in Pontus Salmidessus This is a long Creek lying shooting out along the Left side of Pontus well known for the many Ship-wracks that have been there by reason whereof the Thracians near those parts use to seize upon the Merchants that have escap'd to Shore and carry them away as Captives Xenophon therefore with his Forces breaks into their Country overcomes them in Battle and burns many of their Towns and Villages From hence they are sent for by Thimbro with promise Ant. Ch. 398. of being well paid upon which they march'd to him being very eager to assist the Lacedemonians against the Persians During these Actions Dionysius in Sicily builds a Town at the foot of Aetna and from a certain famous Temple calls it Adranus In Macedonia King Archilaus when he Dionysius builds Adranus in Sicily was Hunting was kill'd by Craterus whom he dearly lov'd after he had Reign'd Seven years and his Son Orestes yet a Child succeeded him After the death of Archelaus Aetropus the Tutor and Guardian of Orestes Govern'd the Kingdom for the

space of Six years At the same time in Athens Socrates the Philosopher accus'd by Anytus Socrates condemn'd and Melitus of Atheism and corrupting the Youth was condemn ' to dye and after executed by drinking of a Cup of Poison Of which wicked Action the People in a short time after repented when in vain they could have wish'd that Excellent and worthy Man alive again therefore they turn'd all their Fury upon his Accusers and kill'd them without staying for any Formalities of Law When the Year was ended Aristocrates bore the Office of Archon at Athens for the Year ensuing And at Rome Six Military Tribunes were invested with Consular Dignity An. M. 3573. Olymp. 95. 2. Ant. Ch. 397. P. 417. Caius Servilius Lucius Virginius Quintus Sulpitius Aulus * Manlius Manlius † Capitus * Quintus Servilius Clodius and * Marcus Sergius Marcus Ancus During their Magistracy the Lacedaemonians understanding that the Affairs of the War were ill managed by Thimbro sent Dercyllidas General into Asia Upon his arrival he forthwith march'd with the Forces against the Cities of * Capitolinus Troas and in a trice took * For Larissa Arisba Hamaxitus and Colone afterwards Ilium Cebrene and all the rest of the Cities in the Territory of Troas some by Tricks and Surprize and others by Storm After this he and * Tissaphernes A Sedition at Heraclea Pharnabazus agreed upon a Truce for eight Months and in the mean time he fell upon the Thracians in Bythinia and wasted their Country and then drew his Army into Winter-Quarters At that time a great Sedition broke out in Heraclea in Thrachinia and thereupon the Lacedaemonians sent Eripidas to compose the Differences who when he came there procur'd a Council to be call'd and having beset the Senate round with arm'd Men seiz'd the Authors and put all to death to the number of Five hundred Men. He likewise march'd with an Army against the Inhabitants of Oetas who had made a Defection and after many Hardships he had reduc'd them unto he forc'd them out of those Places and the greatest part of them with their Wives and Children fled into Thessaly and five Years after were transplanted into Boeotia During these Affairs the Thracians in great Bodies made an Irruption into the * The Chersonese is an Istmos near the Hellespont containing 37 Furlongs i. e. above Four Miles from one Sea to another Xenoph. Hell Lib. 3. Chersonese of Thrace wasting and ravaging the Country every where where they possess'd themselves of all the fenced Cities Upon this they of the Chersonese sent for Dercyllidas the Lacedaemonian out of Asia who transported his Army thither and drave the Thracians out of the Country and drawing a Wall cross from one Sea to the other fortify'd the Chersonese so as that by this means he prevented the Incursions of the Thracians for the time to come and so he return'd with his Forces into Asia after he had been bountifully Ant. Ch. 397. rewarded for his Services During the time of the Truce * Tissaphernes Conon made Admiral by the Persians Pharnabozus went up to the King and he and others persuaded him to equip a Navy and make Conon the Athenian Admiral for he was a very skilful and expert Soldier the best that was then in Cyprus with King Evagorus Pharnabazus having wrought upon the King and receiv'd Five hundred Talents for that purpose forthwith made it his business to set forth a Fleet and after he had sounded Conon concerning his acceptance of Chief Command at Sea he created him Admiral making him many great and fair Promises in the King's Name Hereupon Conon accepts the Place in hopes not only to recover the Sovereignty of the Seas for his Country by subduing the Lacedemonians but to advance his own Reputation by the success of his Arms. But in regard the whole Fleet was not as yet ready he sailed away only with Forty Sail into Cilicia and there prepared himself for the War Pharnabazus likewise and Tissaphernes having rais'd Men out of their several Provinces The Persians and Lacedemonians make a Truce near Ephesus Ant. Ch. 397. march'd forth and made their way towards Ephesus because the Enemies Forces lay there There were with them under their Command Twenty thousand Foot and Ten thousand Horse Dereyllidas the Lacedemonian hearing of the Enemies march drew forth his Army having no more than Seven thousand Men but when the Armies drew near one to another a Truce was agreed upon and a certain time prefixt within which Pharnabazus might send the Articles to the King to know his pleasure whether he would have Peace or War and that Dereyllidas might inform the Spartans how Affairs stood in the mean time And upon these terms the Armies drew off into their several Quarters CHAP. VII The War between the Rhegians and Dionysius He prepares to make War upon the Carthaginians Most of the Cities submit to Dionysius He returns to the Siege of Motya It 's taken Forces sent from Carthage against Dionysius A Sea-fight between the Carthaginians and the Sicilians Syracuse Besieg'd The Speech of Theodorus against Dionysius A grievous Plague in the Carthaginian Army A great destruction of the Carthaginian Fleet in the Harbour of Syracuse The miserable condition of Imilco in his own Country The Troubles of the Carthaginians THE Rhegians formerly a Colony of the Chalcideans were now uneasie under the growing Power of Dionysius for he had enslav'd the Naxians and Gataneans who were P. 418. The Rhegians jealous of Dionysius of their own Blood and Nation and the Rhegians seeing that they themselves were in the same common danger with those already express'd were in a great Consternation lest they should all be brought under the same Calamity Therefore they judg'd it most advisable and highly to concern them to make War upon him while they had an opportunity before the Tyrant grew too strong Those that were banish'd from Syracuse by Dionysius join'd in this War being furnish'd with all things necessary for that purpose by the Rhegians for there was a great multitude of them at that time at * A City in Italy Rhegium who being press'd by the Rhegians with the necessity and advantage they were likely to reap by the War resolv'd to make use of the first opportunity To that end Officers were at length chosen and with them they sent Six thousand Foot and Six hundred Horse with Fifty Crabyes when they were landed they sollicited the Messenian Commanders to join with them telling them it would be a most dishonourable thing if they should suffer The Rhegians invade Sicily a Grecian City and next to them to be utterly destroy'd by a Tyrant The Officers being thus persuaded led forth the Soldiers without the order of the State The number was Four thousand Foot and Four hundred Horse and with them Thirty Gallies Before they had march'd to the utmost borders of Messina