arming victualling and compleat fitting to sea ships of the highest rates It has also Dwelling-houses and ample Accommodations for a Commissioner and all the subordinate Officers and Master-Artizans needful for the constant attending and executing the day and night services of the Navy in this Port both in Peace and War Since our Author's time this place hath given the title of Dutchess to Lovise de Queronalle created Aug. 19. 1673. â—â—neford q North from hence is Warneford on the North-side of whose Church the Inscription quoted by Camden appears to be thus Ade hic de Portu Solis benedicat ab ortu Gens cruce signata per quem sic sum renovata And as by these the Repairer is discover'd so is the Founder of it by three others upon the South-side Fratres orate prece vestra sanctificate Templi factores seniores juniores Wilfrid fundavit bonus Adam sic renovavit All you that come here Bestow a kind prayer On the Church's builders Both youngers and elders What pious Wilfrid rais'd Good Adam increas'd r Towards the northern limit of this County is Basing â—â—g memorable for a battle of Ethelred and Alfred against the Danes in the year 871. wherein the latter were Conquerors s North-west from hence upon the edge of Barkshire * â—br MS. is a square Camp upon Cornhill nigh West-Woodhay five miles from Newbury Continuation of the EARLS Beside the Earls mention'd by our Author since the Conquest we read of some in the Saxon times particularly in the year 860. in the time of King Ethelbert Osric seems to have had this honour by his leading up the Hamshire-men against the Danes along with Ethelwulf and his Berkshire-men tho' by the Saxon-Annals they are both styl'd Ealdor-men Whether in King Edgar's time Aelfhere and afterwards Aelfhelm had the same I dare not be positive As for those of later date after the death of Henry the last Earl mention'd by our Author this honour descended to Thomas Wriothesley his son who upon the Restoration of King Charles 2. was created Knight of the Garter and made Lord High Treasurer of England He was thrice marry'd but left no issue-male behind him nor any to inherit his Title so that in the year 1675. Charles Fitz-Roy eldest son to the Dutchess of Cleaveland had this honour among others conferr'd upon him t A branch of this County is the ISLE OF WIGHT †Chron. Sax. call'd by the Saxons * Wiht and Wihtland not as our Author Wuitland and Wicþ-ea nor as Sir Henry Spelman Wite Witeland Wite-ea That the original of it is the British Guith i.e. a Divorce however plausible is yet an opinion not universally agreed upon For tho' Ninnius a Britain has call'd it so yet 't was after the coming in of that people which our Historians term Jutae the Saxons Jotas and Jutna cynn and at the same time all agree that this Island fell to their share upon the expulsion of the Britains Now Bede expresly names them Vitae which the Saxon idiom on course would pronounce Witae as it changes Vir into Wer. And the Interpreter of Bede calls the Jutes that came over Geatas or Getes which points out to us their first original from the Goths once so very considerable a People in Germany In the ‖ Cap. 35. Laws of Edward the Confessor they are named Guti which as * Glossar in Guti Sir Henry Spelman observ'd by a custom of changing Gu into Wy or Wi becomes the same with Wyti or Witi and the Saxon-Aspiration us'd in hundreds of the like instances brings it to the true writing Wiht and Wihtland If the names may be thus reconciled without straining the reason of the thing makes the conjecture much more probable For what can we imagine more natural than that this people should call their Division after their own name in the same manner as the Saxons and Angles the two other sharers fixt their names upon their respective bounds as any one may observe by the ancient Division of England u The places of most note are New-port New-port which since Mr. Camden's time hath given the title of Earl to Montjoy Blunt created Aug. 3. 4º Car. 1. who was succeeded in the same honour by his son and heir George Blount and he by his brother Henry w Next is Caresbrook-castle Caresbrook castle call'd in Saxon Wihtgaraburh from Wihtgar the Saxon not Whitgar a Castle very eminent in the beginning of the Saxon times and in our age particularly remarkable for the imprisonment of King Charles 1. More rare Plants growing wild in Hamshire Ascyrum supinum villosum palustre C. B. Park Marsh S. Peter's wort with woolly leaves On a rotten moorish ground not far from Southampton abundantly It grows on the like grounds in many places especially of the West-Country Alopecuros maxima Anglica Park altera maxima Anglica paludosa Ger. emac. altera maxima Anglica paludosa seu Gramen Alopecuroides maximum J. B. Lob. Ad. part alt The great English marsh-Fox-tail-grass In the moist pastures of this County near the Salt-works and an ancient house call'd Drayton about two miles from Portsmouth over against the Isle of Wight plentifully Lobel Asphodelus luteus Acorifolius palustris Anglicus Lobelii J. B. Lancastriae verus Ger. emac. descr Pseudo-asphodelus palustris Anglicus C. B. Lancashire-Asphodel or Bastard-Asphodel On a bog in a heath in the mid-way between Sarisbury and Southampton This is very common in bogs and watery places both in the West and North parts of England Bardana minor Ger. Xanthium seu lappa minor J. B. Park Lappa minor Xanthium Dioscoridis C. B. The lesser Burdock I once found it in the road from Portsmouth to London about 3 miles from Portsmouth But it being an annual plant may be lost again there Cissampelos altera Anglica minima Park p. 173. The least English Black Bindweed This grows about Drayton near Portsmouth It differs little from the common black Bindweed but in the smallness of it's parts which may be owing to the barrenness of the soil Dryopteris Penae Lobelii Ger. emac. p. 1135. True Oak-Fern This Mr. Goodyer found in a very wet moor or bog call'd White-row moor where Peat is now digged a mile from Petersfield in Hamshire This is found in many wet and boggy grounds in divers Counties of England It is called by Jo. Bauhine Filix minor non ramosa and by us Fil. minor palustris repens Erica maritima Anglica supina Park English low Sea-heath Found by Lobel about Portsmouth Park p. 1485. This we have found in many places on the Sea-coasts both in Essex and Suffolk Malva arborea marina nostras Park English Sea-Tree-Mallow About Hurst-castle near the Isle of Wight where also grows Crithmum chrysanthemum in great plonty on the miry marsh ground Mercurialis mas foemina J. B. vulgaris mas foemina Park Ger. Merk testiculata sive mas Dioscoridis Plinii spicata sive foemina
College here A little higher upon Watlingstreet for so this Military way of the Romans is vulgarly call'd where there is a bridge of stone over the river Anker Manduessedum Manduessedum is seated a town of very great antiquity mention'd by Antoninus which having not yet altogether lost its name is call'd Mancester Mancester and in Ninnius's Catalogue Caer Mancegued Which name since a quarry of free-stone lies near it 't is probable was given it from the stone there digg'd and hew'd For in the Glossaries of the British tongue we learn that Main signifies a stone and Fosswad in the Provincial language digging which being joyn'd together seem aptly enough to express the name Manduessedum u But how great or of what note soever it was in those times 't is now a poor little village containing not above fourteen small houses and hath no other monument of Antiquity to shew but an old Fort which they call Old-bury i.e. an old Burrough w Atherston on the one side a well-frequented market where the Church of the 14 Augustine Friers Friers was converted into a Chapel which nevertheless acknowledges that of Mancester to be the Mother Church and Nonn-eaton on the other side have by their nearness reduc'd Mancester to what you see it Neighbour to Atherston is Meri-val Merival i.e. Merry-vale where Robert de Ferrers built and dedicated a Monastery to God and the blessed Virgin in which his body wrapp'd up in an Ox-hide lies interr'd Beyond these Northward lies Pollesworth Pollesworth where Modwena an Irish virgin fam'd for her wonderful piety built a Nunnery which Robert Marmion a Nobleman who had his castle in the neighbourhood at Stippershull repair'd x Hard by also in the Saxon times flourish'd a town of which there appear now but very small remains call'd Secandunum at this time Seckinton Seckinton where Aethelbald King of the Mercians in a civil war was assassinated by Bcornred Chron. Sax. Beared in the year 749 but in a little time he was cut off by King Offa by the same means falling from the throne by which he had impiously got it y To close the whole I must now give you a Catalogue of the Earls of Warwick Earls of Warwick And to pass over Guar Morindus Guy that Echo of England and many more of that stamp which the fruitful wits of those times brought forth at one birth Henry son of Roger de Bellomonte brother of Robert Earl of Mellent was the first Earl of the Norman race who marry'd Margaret daughter of Aernulph de Hesdin Earl of Perch a person of mighty power and authority Of this family there were who bore that honour Roger son of Henry William son of Roger who dy'd in the 30th of King Henry the second Walleran his brother Henry son of Walleranâ— Thomas his son who dy'd without issue in the 26th of Henry the third and his sister Margery surviving was Countess of Warwick and dy'd childless Her two husbands nevertheless first John Mareschal Plaâ—â—â—3 Rot â—34 then John de Plessets in right of their wife and by the favour of their Prince were rais'd to the honour of Earls of Warwick But these dying without any issue by Margery Walleran Margery's uncle by the father succeeded in the honour and he dying without issue Alice his sister came to the Inheritance Afterwards William her son call'd Male-doctus Malduit and Manduit de Hanslap who dy'd also without issue But Isabel his sister being marry'd to William de Bello Campo or Beauchamp Baron of Elmesly carry'd the Earldom into the family of the Beauchamps Who if I am not mistaken because they were descended from a daughter of Ursus de Abtot gave the Bear for their Cognisance and left it to their posterity Of this family there were six Earls and one Duke William the son of Isabel John Guy Thomas Thomas the younger Richard and lastly Henry to whom King Henry the sixth made a Grant without precedent That he should be primier Earl of all England and use this title Henry primier Earl of all England and Earl of Warwick Rot. Parâ— 23 Hen. â— He made him also King of the Isle of Wight afterwards created him Duke of Warwick and by the express words of his Patent granted that he should have place in Parliament and elsewhere next to the Duke of Norfolk and before the Duke of Buckingham He had but one daughter Anne 24 Hâ— who in the Inquisitions was stil'd Countess of Warwick and dy'd in her Infancy She was succeeded by Richard Nevill who had marry'd the daughter of the said Duke of Warwick a person of an invincible spirit but changeable and fickle in his Allegiance the very sport and tennis-ball of fortune Who altho' no King himself was yet superiour to Kings as being the person who depos'd Henry the sixth a most bountiful Prince to him and set up Edward the fourth in his place Afterwards he un-king'd him again re-establisht Henry the sixth in the Throne and involv'd the kingdom in the flames of a civil war which were not extinguisht but with his own blood 15 After his death Anne his wife by Act of Parliament was excluded and debarred from all her lands for ever and his two daughters heirs to him and heirs apparent to their mother being married to George Duke of Clarence and Richard Duke of Glocester were enabled to enjoy all the said lands in such wise as if the said Anne their mother were naturally dead Whereupon the name stile and title of Earl of Warwick and Sarisbury was granted to George Duke of Clarence who soon after was unnaturally dispatch'd by a sweet death in a Butt of Malvesey by his suspicious brother King Edw. 4. His young son Edward was stil'd Earl of Warwick and being but a very child was beheaded by King Henry 7. to secure himself and his posterity The death of this Edward our Ancestors accounted to be the full period and final end of the long lasting war between the two royal houses of Lancaster and York Wherein as they reckon'd from the 28th year of Henry 6. unto this being the 15th of Henry 7. there were 13 fields fought 3 Kings of England 1 Prince of Wales 12 Dukes 1 Marquis 18 Earls with one Vicount and 23 Barons besides Knights and Gentlemen lost their lives Edward son of one of his daughters by George Duke of Clarence succeeded whom Henry the seventh for neither youth nor innocence could protect him to secure himself and the line put to death The title of this Earldom which was become formidable to Henry the eighth by the great troubles Richard Nevil that scourge of Kings had created lay dormant till Edward the sixth gave it to John Dudley deriving a title from the Beauchamps He as the before mention'd Richard endeavouring to subvert the Government under Queen Mary had his boundless ambition punisht with the loss of his head But his sons first John whilst his father was
Bredon hills Bredon hills tho' much lesser than those of Malvern rise with a sort of emulation Upon these appears Elmley Elmley-castle a Castle once belonging to Ursus or Urso d'Abtot by whose daughter and heir Emeline it descended to the Beauchamps At the foot of these hills stands Breodun touching whose Monastery Offa King of the Mercians saith I Offa King of the Mercians will give 35 acres of tributary land to the Monastery which is called Breodun in the Province of the Wiccians and to the Church of St. Peter Prince of the Apostles in that place which my grandfather Eanwulf built to the glory and praise of the everliving God Under Bredon hills to the south lies Washborn VVashborn a village or two which gives the sirname to an ancient and gentile family in these parts They lye in a spot of this County quite severed from the main body And divers other like parcels Parcel 〈◊〉 the Shiâ— severed from thâ— rest of tâ— body lie up and down dispersed the reason I know not unless it were this That the Governours of this County in elder times having estates of their own lying near annex'd them to the County which they govern'd q A little higher runs the river Avon in its way to Severn in this County it waters Eovesham â—â—â—ham which the Monkish writers tell us had its name from Eoves swineherd to Egwine Bishop of Worcester being formerly called Eath-home 〈…〉 â—â—â—esham â—â—â—tery 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 1157. and Heath-field a very neat town seated on a gentle ascent from the river Bengworth Castle anciently stood at the bridge-foot as it were in its suburbs which William d'Audeville Abbot recovering from William Beauchamp did utterly demolish and caused the ground to be consecrated for a Churchyard The town is famous for this Monastery which Egwine by the help of King Kenred son of Wolfer King of the Mercians built about the year 700 as also for the Vale of Evesham 〈◊〉 â—â—eâ—ham lying about it and taking its name from the town which for its fruitfulness is justly stiled the Graâ—ary of these parts so liberal is the soil in affording the best corn in great abundance In more ancient times this town was very famous for the overthrow of the Barons and of Simon Mountfort E. 〈…〉 of Leicester our English Cataline He being a person of a very bad temper and extremely perfidious taught us by experience the truth of that saying Favours are esteemed obligations no longer than they can be requited For when King Hen. 3. had with a liberal hand heaped all possible favours upon him and given him his own sister to wife he had no other returns from him than most implacable hatred For he raised a most dangerous war and miserably wasted a great part of England under pretence of redressing grievances and asserting its liberties leaving no method unpractis'd whereby he might depose the King and change the government from a Monarchy to an Oligarchy But after he had prospered a while in his enterprize he with many others of his party fell in this place being subdued in a pitch'd battel by the valour of Prince Edward And instantly as tho' the sink of mischiefs had been cleansed a welcome peace which he had banished every where appeared r â—265 Hard by upon the same river lyeth Charleton â—â—â—on once the estate of a famous Knightly family the Hansacres but now of the Dinlies or Dinglies who being descended of an ancient family of that name in Lancashire came to it by inheritance c The Dinglies continue to this day at Charleton A little lower in the primitive times of our English Church there was another Religious-house then Fleodanbyrig now Fladbury 〈…〉 and near this Pershore in Saxon Periscoran named from the Pear-trees which as that excellent Historian William of Malmesbury informs us Egelward Duke of Dorset a man of a generous spirit and wholly devoted to pious munificence built and finished in K. Edgar's time But alas what vast losses hath it since sustained part the ambition of great men hath seized part is forgotten and lost and a very considerable part of its possessions King Edward and William bestowed on Westminster 5 Then receiveth Avon a riveret from the north upon which stands Hodington a seat of the Winters of which were Robert Winter and his brother Thomas who whenas they were in the Gunpowder Treason c. Dr. Holland having led me to Hadington I cannot pass by Henlip a fair seat of the Abingtons remarkable for the taking of Garnet and Oldcorn two eminent Jesuits concerned in the Powder-Plot who after many days fruitless search were found in a cavity of a wall over a Chimney In the same house was written that obscure Letter to the Lord Mounteagle by Mrs. Abingdon his sister which gave some light into the horrid design The present owner Thomas Abingdon Esquire hath in his hands a large description of Worcestershire written by his grandfather an able and industrious Antiquary the publication whereof hath been impatiently expected from him above these 20 years Hence Avon runs smoothly down by Strensham d Strensham is still enjoyed by the same family a seat of the Russels an ancient family of the degree of Knights and so dischargeth it's waters into Severn Hereabouts in the south part of the Shire lies Oswalds-law-hundred â—â—â—ds 〈◊〉 hunâ—â—ed so called from Oswald Bishop of Worcester who obtained it of Edgar the immunities whereof are thus registred in the Survey of England which William the Conquerour made The Church of St. Mary in Wircester hath a Hundred called Oswalds-low in which lye 300 Hide-land where the Bishop of this Church hath by very long prescription all the Services and customary duties pertaining to the Lords Pourveyance the King's service and his own so that no Sheriff may hold a Court there in any plea or other cause whatsoever This is attested by the whole County s There is a place somewhere in this County but not certainly known called Augustines-ac i.e. Augustine's Oak at which Augustine the Apostle of the English and the British Bishops met and having for some time disputed about the keeping of Easter preaching Gods word to the English A. D. 60â— and administring the Sacrament of Baptism after the rites of the Church of Rome in conclusion both sides went away dissatisfied t This Province after the Norman Conquest had for its first Sheriff Urso d'Abtot Earls of VVorcester D. Abtot to whom and his heirs King William 1. gave large possessions together with that honour Roger his son succeeded him who as William of Malmesbury reports enjoyed his father's possessions and was divested of them falling under the heavy displeasure of King Henry 1. because in a furious passion he had commanded one of the King's Officers to be put to death But this dignity of Sheriff by Emeline Sister to this Roger descended to the family of the Beauchamps for she was married to
room William the son of Osbern of Crepon or as the Normans call'd him Fitz-Osbern a person very nearly allied to the Dukes of Normandy He being slain in the 4 Assisting the Earl of Flanders wars in Flanders was succeeded by his son Roger sirnam'd de Bretevill who died 5 Condemn'd to perpetual prison for a Conspiracy against the Conquerour out-law'd Proscriptus leaving no legitimate issue Then King Stephen restor'd to Robert le Bossu Earl of Leicester 6 Who had marry'd Emme or Itta heir of Bretevill son of Emme de Bretevill's heir I speak out of the original it self the Borough of Hereford and the Castle and the whole County of Hereford to descend by inheritance but to no purpose For Maud the Empress who contended with Stephen for the Crown advanced Miles the son of Walter Constable of Glocester to that honour and 7 Also granted to him Constabulariam Curiae suae the Constableship of her Court whereupon his posterity were Constables of England as the Marshalship was granted at the first by the name of Magistratus â—lariscalâ—iae Câ—riae nostrae made him high Constable of England Constables of England Nevertheless King Stephen afterwards divested him of these honours This Miles had five sons Roger Walter Henry William and Mahel all persons of great note and who died untimely deaths after they had all but William succeeded one another in their father's inheritance having none of them any issue King Henry amongst other things gave to Roger The Mote of Hereford with the whole Castle Girald Cambriae Itin. l. 1. c. 2. and the third penny of the revenues of the Pleas of the whole County of Hereford whereof he made him Earl But upon Roger's death if we may credit Robert Montensis the same King kept the Earldom of Hereford to himself Margaret the eldest sister of these was married to Humphrey Bohun the third of that name and his Posterity were High Constables of England viz. Humphrey Bohun the fourth Henry his son 2 Par. Chart. An. 1 Reg. Joan. Matth. Paris Lib Waldensis Lib. Monasterii Lanthony to whom King John granted Twenty pound to be received yearly of the third penny of the County of Hereford whereof he made him Earl This Henry married the sister and heir of William Mandevill Earl of Essex and died in the fourth year of King Henry the third Humphrey the fifth his son who was also Earl of Essex and had Humphrey the sixth who died before his father having first begot Humphrey the seventh upon a daughter and one of the heirs of William Breos Lord of Brecknock His son Humphrey the eighth was slain at Boroughbrigg leaving by Elizabeth his wife daughter of King Edward the first and dowager of the Earl of Holland a numerous issue viz. John Bohun Humphrey the ninth both Earls of Hereford and Essex who dyed issueless and William Earl of Northampton who had by Elizabeth 8 Daughter sister and one of the heirs of Giles Lord Badlesmer Humphrey Bohun the tenth and last of the Bohuns Earl of Hereford Essex and Northampton as also Lord High Constable of England He left two daughters Eleanor the wife of Thomas de Woodstock Duke of Glocester and Mary married to Henry of Lancaster Earl of Derby Henry 〈◊〉 fourâ—◠〈◊〉 of Eâ—gâ—â—â—â— who was created Duke of Hereford and was afterwards crowned King of England After this the Staffords Dukes of Buckingham had the title of Earls of Hereford who were descended from a daughter of Thomas of Woodstock which daughter was afterwards married to William Bourchier called Earl of Ew But in our memory King Edward the sixth honour'd Walter D'Eureux descended by the Bourchiers from the Bohuns with the title of Viscount Hereford whose grandchild by a son was afterwards created Earl of Essex by Queen Elizabeth This County contains 176 Parishes ADDITIONS to HEREFORDSHIRE a THE County of Hereford being as it were a Frontier in all the wars between the English and Welsh has upon that account been very remarkable for its number of Forts and Castles no fewer than 28. the greatest part whereof have now little to show beside the name Our Author observes it to be a very good Corn-Country but its present peculiar eminence is in Fruits of all sorts which give them an opportunity particularly of making such vast quantities of Syder as not only to serve their own families for 't is their general drink but also to furnish London and other parts of England their Red-streak from a sort of Apple they call so being exrtemely valu'd b Upon the river Wye two miles from Hereford is Eaton-wall Eaton * Aubr MS. a Camp containing about thirty or forty acres The works of it are single except a little on the West-side And about two miles from hence and a mile from Kenchester is Creden-hill upon which is a very great Camp and mighty works the graff here is inwards as well as outwards and the whole contains by estimation about forty acres c Near which is Kenchester Kenchester †Blome where about the year 1669. was found in a wood a great vault with tables of plaster in it The vault it self was pav'd with stone and thereabouts were dug up also many pieces of Roman Coins with large Bones leaden Pipes several Roman Urns with ashes in them and other vessels the use whereof was unknown d A little lower stands its daughter Hereford Hereford in which name our Author would find some remains of the old Ariconium whereas it is of a pure Saxon original implying no more than a ford of the army nor ought the vulgar's pronouncing it Hariford be of any weight when it appears by * See the Glossary and the several places wherein 't is mention'd our most ancient Annals that it was constantly written hereford Which interpretation doth also suit the situation of the place exceeding well the Severn being for many hundreds of years the frontier between two Nations almost always at war e Leland †Itinerar MS. has told us that the Castle by the ruins appear'd to have been one of the fairest largest and strongest in all England The walls were high firm and full of great towers and where the river was not a sufficient defence for it there it was strongly ditch'd It had two wards each of them surrounded with water the dungeon was high and exceeding well fortify'd having in the outward wall or ward ten towers of a semiciâ—cular figure and one great tower in the inner ward As to the building of it the sâ—me Leland has left us what tradition was on foot in his time without taking any notice of our Author's Earl Milo Some think says he that Heraldus â—gan this Castle after that he had conquer'd the rebellion of the Welshmen in King Edward the Confessor's time Some think that the Lacies Earls of Hereford were the great makers of it and the Bohuns Earls of Hereford
aa They are not both in this river but one in this and the other in the river Betham above Milchorp and has upon its Western bank a very populous town call Candale 1 Or Kâ—ndale or Kirkby-Candale i.e. a Church in the valley upon Can. It has two Streets crossing each other is very eminent for the woollen manufacture and the industry of the inhabitants who trade throughout all England with their woollen cloath Their greatest honour is 〈…〉 that Barons and Earls have taken their titles from the place The Barons were of the family of Ivo Taleboys of whose posterity William by consent of King Henry the second call'd himself William of Lancaster His 〈…〉 of 〈◊〉 niece and heir was marry'd to Gilbert son of Roger Fitz-Reinfrid by whose daughters upon the death of William his son the estate came to Peter Brus the second Lord of Skelton of that Christian-name and William Lindsay from whom on the mother's side Ingelram Lord of Coucy in France 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 deriv'd his pedigree as I understood by the History of Fourness-Abbey By the daughter of this Peter Brus sister and heiress to Peter Brus the third the Barony descended to the Rosses of Werke and from them the honour was devolv'd hereditarily upon the Parrs 2 Of whom Sir William Parr was made Lord Par by King Henry 8. whose Castle over against the town is ready to drop down with age It has had three Earls 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 John Duke of Bedford advanc'd to that honour by his brother King Henry the fifth John Duke of Somerset and John de Foix descended from the noble family of the Foix in France whom King Henry the sixth rais'd to that dignity for his faithful service in the French wars Upon which account possibly it is that some of this family of Foix in France have still the sirname of Kendal c I know no other piece of Antiquity that Kendal can boast of Once indeed I was of opinion that it was the old Roman station Concangii but time has inform'd me better d 〈…〉 Lower in the river Can there are two Water-falls where the water is tumbled headlong with a hideous noise one at a little village call'd Levens another more Southward near Betham From these the neighbours draw certain prognostications of the weather for when the Northern one has a clear sound they promise themselves fair weather but when the Southern rain and mists And thus much of the Southern and more narrow part of this County bounded on the West with the river Winster and the spacious Lake mention'd but now call'd Winander-mere and on the east with the river Lone or Lune At the upper corner of this Lake Winander-mere Ambleside lyes the carcass as it were of an ancient City with large ruins of walls and scatter'd heaps of rubbish without the walls The Fort has been of an oblong figure fortify'd with a ditch and rampire in length 132 Ells and in breadth 80. That it was a work of the Romans the British bricks the mortar temper'd with small pieces of bricks the little Urns or Pots the Glass Vials the Roman Coins commonly met with the round stones like Mill-stones of which †Coagmentatis soder'd together they us'd formerly to make Pillars and the pav'd ways leading to it are all an undeniable Evidence But the old name is quite lost unless one should imagine from the present name Ambleside that this was the Amboglana Ambolgana mention'd by the Notitia e Towards the East the river Lone is the limit and gives its name to the adjoyning tract Lonsdale i.e. a vale upon the Lone the chief town whereof is Kirkby Lonsdale whither the neighbouring Inhabitants resort to Church and Market Above the head of the Lone the Country grows wider and the Mountains shoot out with many windings and turnings between which there are here and there exceeding deep vallies and several places hollow'd like so many deep or caves f The noble river of Eden Eden call'd by Ptolemy Ituna Ituâ—a b It arises in Westmorland at a place call'd Hugh seat Morvil or Hugh Morvil's hill from one of that name sometimes Lord of Westmorland Out of the same hill there run two other great rivers on Yorkshire-side Eure and Swale rising in Yorkshire has at first only a small stream but increasing gradually by the confluence of several little rivers seeks a passage through these Mountains to the North-west by Pendragon-Castle c See Skipton in the Additions to the West-Riding of Yorkshire to which age has left nothing but the name and a heap of great stones g Then it runs by Wharton-hall the seat of the Barons of Wharton Wharton-hall Lords Wharton the first whereof was 3 Sir Thomas Wharton Thomas advanc'd to that honour by King Henry the Eighth To him succeeded his son of the same name who was succeeded by Philip the present Lord a person of great honour h Next by Kirby-Stephen or Stephen's Church a noted market and so by two little villages call'd Musgrave Musgrave that gave name to the warlike family of the Musgraves i of which Thomas Musgrave in the time of Edward the third was summon'd to Parliament among the Barons their seat was Heartly-Castle Heartly-Castle hard by Here the Eden as it were stops its course that it may receive some rivulets upon one of which scarce two miles from Eden it self stood Verterae Verterae an ancient town mention'd by Antoninus and the Notitia From the latter of these we learn that in the decline of the Roman Empire a Praefect of the Romans quarter'd there with a band of the Directores Now the town it self is dwindl'd into a little village defended with a small Fort and its name pass'd into Burgh Burgh under Stane-more Veget. l 4. c. 10. for it is call'd Burgh under Stane-more i.e. a Burrow under a stony Mountain Under the later Emperours to observe it once for all the little Castles which were built for the emergent occasions of war and stor'd with provisions began to be call'd Burgi a new name which after the translation of the Empire into the East the Germans and others seem to have taken from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And hence the Burgundians have their name from inhabiting the Burgi Orosius for so that age call'd the Dwellings planted at a little distance one from another along the Frontiers I have read nothing of it but that in the beginning of the Norman Government 4 The Northern English the English form d a Conspiracy here against William the Conquerour I durst almost affirm that this Burgh was the old Verterae both because the distance on one side from Levatrae and on the other from Brovonacum if resolv'd into Italian miles does exactly agree with the number assign'd by Antoninus and also because a Roman military way still visible by its high ridge or
in his writings Records of above 1000 years standing concerning these remote parts of the world the Hebrides and the Orcades when in Italy the nurse of excellent wits for so many ages after the expulsion of the Goths there was such a scarcity of writers See the â—â—ditions But upon this place Johnston born not far from hence hath these verses TAODUNUM Or DEIDONUM Quà Notus argutis adspirat molliter auris Hâc placidè coëunt Taus Oceanus Hic facili excipiens venientes littore puppes Indigenis vasti distrahit orbis opes Saepe dolis tentata belli exercita damnis Invictis animis integra praestat adhuc Fama vetus crevit cum Relligione renatâ Lucis hinc fulsit pura nitela aliis Alectum dixere priùs si maxima spectes Commoda fo rs Donum dixeris esse Dei. Tu decus aeternum gentisque urbisque Boëti Caetera dic patriae dona beata tuae Where the calm South with gentle murmurs reigns Tay with the sea his peaceful current joyns To trading ships an easie port is shown That makes the riches of the world it s own Oft have her hapless sons been forc'd to bear The dismal thunder of repeated war Yet unsubdu'd their noble souls appear Restor'd Religion hath advanc'd her height And spread through distant parts the sacred light Alectum once 't was nam'd but when you 've view'd The joys and comforts by kind heav'n bestow'd You 'll call it Donum Dei Gift of God Boetius honour of the realm and town Speak thou the rest and make thy mother's honours known Hence we have a sight of Brochty-crag Brochty-Crag a Fort defended by a Garison of English many months together when out of an earnest desire of a perpetual peace they sued for a Marriage between Mary of Scotland and Edward 6. of England and upon promise thereof demanded the performance by force of arms but the Garison at length abandoned it Then to the open sea lies Aberbroth in short Arbroth Arbroth a place endowed with ample Revenues formerly consecrated to Religion by King William in honour of St. Thomas of Canterbury Near this the Red-head Red-head shooteth out into the sea a Promontory to be seen afar off Hard by South-Eske enters the Ocean which flowing out of a lake passes by Finnevim-Castle much fam'd for being the seat of the Lindsays The Lindsays Earls of Crawford of whom I have spoken already Then Brechin Brechin standing upon the same River which King David the first adorned with a Bishop's See * See the Additions and at its very mouth Mont-rose Montrose that is The Mount of Roses a town antiently called Celurca built out of the Ruines of another of the same name and situated between the two Eskes which gives the title of Earl to the Family of Graham Upon which thus Johnston CELURCA or MONS ROSARUM Aureolis urbs picta rosis mons molliter urbi Imminet hinc urbi nomina facta canunt At veteres perhibent quondam dixisse Celurcam Nomine sic prisco nobilitata novo est Et prisca atque nova insignis virtute virûmque Ingeniis Patriae qui peperere decus A leaning mount which golden roses grace At once adorns and names the happy place But ancient times Celurca call'd the town Thus is it proud of old and late renown And old and late brave sons whose wit and hand Have brought new trophies to their native land Not far from hence is Boschain Boschain belonging to the Barons of Ogilvy Baroâ—s Ogilvy of very ancient nobility descended from that Alexander Sheriff of Angus who was slain in the bloody battle at Harley against the Mac-donalds of the Isles As for the Earls of Angus Earls of Angus Gilchrist of Angus a person illustrious for his brave exploits under Malcolm the 4th was the first Earl of Angus that I read of About the year 1242 John Comin was Earl of Angus who died in France and his Dowager perhaps heiress of the Earldom was married to Gilbert Umfravile an Englishman For both he and his heirs successively were summoned to the Parliament of England till the 3d year of K. Richard 2d under the title of Earls of Angus But the English Lawyers refused in their Instruments to own him for an Earl because Angus was not within the Kingdom of England till he produced in open Court the King 's Writ whereby he was summoned to Parliament under the name of Earl of Angus In the reign of David Brus Sc tâ—â— chron con Tho. Steward was Earl of Angus who took Berwick by surprize but presently lost it again and a little after died miserably in prison at Dunbritton The Douglasses men of haughty minds and invincible hearts ever since the reign of Robert the 3d have been Earls of Angus after that Geo. Douglass had married the Kings Daughter and are reputed the chief and principal Earls of Scotland whose Office it is to carry the Regal Crown before the Kings at all the solemn Assemblies of the Kingdom The sixth Earl of Angus of this race was Archibald who married Margaret daughter to Henry the 7th and mother to James the 5th King of Scotland by whom he had issue Margaret Wife to Matthew Stewart Earl of Lennox she after her brother's death without issue willingly resigned up her right to this Earldom with the consent of her husband and sons to David Douglass of Peteindreich her Uncle's son by the father's side to the end that by this obligation she might engage that family more closely to her which was already the nearest allied in bloud At the same time her son Henry was about to marry Queen Mary By which marriage King James Monarch of Great Britain was happily born for the general good of these nations h s Now it is a Marquisate in the same family MERNIS THese parts were in Ptolemy's time inhabited by the Vernicones the same perhaps with Marcellinus's Vecturiones But this name of theirs is now quite lost unless we can imagine some little piece of it remains in Mernis For oftentimes in common discourse in the British tongue V is changed into M. THis little Province Mernis butting upon the German Ocean is of a rich soil and generally a level and champagne countrey The most memorable place in it is Dunotyr Dunotyr a castle advanced upon an high and inaccessible rock looking down on the sea beneath fortified with strong walls and towers at certain distances which hath long been the seat of the Keiths Kâ—ith a very ancient and noble family and they in recompence of their valour have long been hereditary Earls Marshals Earls Marshals of the Kingdom of Scotland and Sheriffs of this Province Sheriffdom of Kincarain or Mernis In a Porch here is to be seen that ancient Inscription abovementioned of a * Vex. â—ticâ—is Company belonging to the XXth Legion the letters whereof the most
modern Glossary A Chancellor is he whose office is to inspect the writings and answer of the Emperor to cancell those that are wrong and sign those that are right Nor is that of Polidore Virgil true namely that William the Conqueror instituted a College of Scribes to write letters-patents and nam'd the head of that society a CHANCELLOR for it is evident that Chancellors were in England before the Conquest How great the honour and authority of Chancellor is at this day is so very well known that I need not enlarge upon it yet it will not be improper to subjoyn a word or two from an old Author to shew of what note it was formerly Robert Fi z-Stephens who liv'd under Hen. 2. The dignity of the Chancellor of England is this he is reputed the second person in the Kingdom and next unto the King with the King's seal whereof he has the keeping he may seal his own injunctions to dispose of the King's Chapel as he pleases to receive and have the custody of all Archbishopricks Bishopricks Abbies and Baronies vacant and fallen into the King's hands to be present at the King's Counsels and repair thither without summons to seal all things by the hand of his Clerk who carries the King's seal and that all things be disposed of by his advice Also * Ut jâ—â—â— gaâ—â—â—â— eâ— per 〈◊〉 graâ—â—â—â— vita â—â—ritis â—morâ—â—â—â— nisi â—chiâ—â—â— scepâ—◠〈◊〉 vâ—â—uâ—â—â— that by the grace of God leading a just and upright Life he may if he will himself die Archbishop Whereupon it it is that the CHANCELLORSHIP is not to be bought The manner of creating a Chancellor for that I have a mind to take notice of in King Henry the second 's time was by hanging the Great Seal about the neck of the person chosen for that office Yet in Henry the sixth's reign the method was thus Guâ—â— Mâ—â— as it appears from the Records Upon the death of the Chancellor of England the three great Seals one of gold and the other two of silver which were kept by the Chancellor are immediately after his decease shut up in a wooden chest fast lock'd and seal'd by the Lords there present and so convey'd into the Treasury From thence they are brought to the King who in the presence of many of the Nobility delivers the same into the hands of him that is to be the succeeding Chancellor and undertakes the Charge of that office having first took an oath before him that he will duly administer the same First then he delivers up the great silver seal next that of gold and lastly the other of silver in the presence of great numbers of the Nobility After he has thus receiv'd them he puts them into the chest again and so sends them seal'd home where before certain of the Nobility he causes the King's writs and briefs to be seal'd with them When a Chancellor is displac'd he delivers up those three seals into the King's hands in the presence of many of the Nobility first the seal of Gold then the broad seal of silver and next the other of a less size At this day only one seal is delivered to the Chancellor nor is there any mention to be found of these three seals but in the reign of Henry the sixth In process of time much honour and authority was added to this office of Chancellor by Act of Parliament especially since so much niceness and subtilty has crept in among the Lawyers who have made their pleadings so difficult and ensnaring that a Court of Equity was found necessary which was committed to the Chancellors that he might judge according to the rules of right and equity and moderate the rigour of exact justice which is often down-right injustice and oppression There preside in this Court the Lord Chancellor of England and twelve Masters of Chancery as Assessors to him the chief where of is the Keeper of the Rolls belonging to that Court and thence call'd Magister Rotulorum or Master of the Rolls There are also many other Officers belonging to this Court some of them concern'd about the King's Seal namely the Clerk of the Crown the Clerk of the Hamper A Sealer A Chauff-wax A Comptroller of the Hamper twenty four Cursitors and a Clerk for the Sub-poena-writs Others concerned in the Bills there exhibited are a Prothonotary the Six Clerks or Attorneys of the Court and a Register There are also the three Clerks of the petit bag a Clerk of the Presentations a Clerk of the Faculties a Clerk for examining Letters-Patents a Clerk for Dimissions c. There is another Court also arising from the King 's Privy Council call'd the Court of Requests The Câ—â— of Requests from the addresses of Petitioners deliver'd there where private causes are heard as in Chancery if first presented to the King or his privy Council though sometimes otherwise In this Court business is manag'd by the Masters of the Requests and a Clerk or Register with two or three Attorneys As for those Councils held in the Marches of Wales and in the North I will treat of them God willing in another place The Chief Spiritual Courts Spiâ—â—â—â— Coâ—â—â— are the Synod which is call'd the Convocation and is always held at the same time that a Parliament is and the Provincial Synods in both Provinces After these are the Courts of the Achbishop of Canterbury namely the Court of Arches The Câ—â—â— of Aâ—â—â—â— the judge of which is the Dean of the †He is called DEAN for that he hath jurisdiction in 13 Parishes of London exempt from the Bishop of London which number maketh a DEANERIE Hol. Arches so call'd from St. Mary's Church in London famous for its arch'd steeple All Appeals within the province of Canterbury are made to him There are in this Court 16 Advocates or more as the Archbishop shall think fit all of them Doctors of Law two Registers and ten Proctors Court â—udiâ— The Court of Audience where all complaints causes and appeals in this Province are receiv'd Court â—eroâ—e The Court of Prerogative where the Commissary judges of inheritances whether descended without will or devis'd The Court of Faculties manag'd by a * Câ—urt â—culâ— â—fâ—ctus President who takes cognizance of all grievances represented to him by such as desire that the rigour and severity of the Canon-law may be moderated and a Register to record such dispensations as are granted Court â—eculâ—â— The Court of Peculiars which has jurisdiction in certain parishes exempt from the Bishop of the Diocese where they lye and those Peculiars that belong to the Archbishop with other things of less note I willingly omit For I must confess it was imprudent in me to dip at all in a subject of this nature however Guicciardin encouraged me to it by his example in his description of the Netherlands I intended here to have inserted some few things and those chiefly concerning the antiquity
whom Richard 1. afterwards bestow'd it with other Counties But John coming to the Crown of England his second son Richard had this honour with the Earldom of Poictou conferr'd upon him by his Brother Henry 3. This Richard was a powerful Prince in his time as also a religious man valiant in war and of great conduct behaving himself in Aquitain with wonderful valour and success Going to the Holy Land he forc'd the Saracens to a truce refus'd the kingdom of Apulia when offer'd him by the Pope quieted many tumults in England and being chosen King of the Romans by the 7 Electors of Germany in the year 1257 was crown'd at Aix la Chapelle There is a common verse which intimates that he bought this honour Nummus ait pro me nubit Cornubia Romae Cornwall to Rome Almighty money joyn'd For before he was so famous a mony'd man that a Cotemporary Writer has told us he was able to spend a hundred marks a day for 10 years together But the civil wars breaking out in Germany 30 Among the Competitors of the Empire he quickly return'd to England where he dy'd and was bury'd at the famous Monastery of Hales which himself had built a little after his eldest son Henry in his return from the Holy wars as he was at his devotions in a Church at Viterbium in Italy had been villanously murder'd by Guido de Montefort son of Simon Earl of Leicester in revenge of his father's death For which reason his second son Edmund succeeded in the Earldom of Cornwall who dying without children his large inheritance return'd to the King he as the Lawyers term it being found next a-kin and heir at law The Arms of the Earls of Cornwall Now since Richard and his son Edmund were of the blood Royal of England I have often declar'd my self at a loss to know how they came to bear Arms different from those of the Royal Family viz. in a field argent a Lyon rampant gules crowned or within a border sable garnish'd with bezants And all the reason I can give for it is that they might possibly do it in imitation of the Royal Family of France since this way of bearing Arms came to us from the French For the younger sons of the Kings of France have Arms different from the Crown to this day as one may observe in the Families of the Vermandois Dreux and Courtneys And as Robert Duke of Burgundy Bande d'Or and d'Azur a la bordeure de Gâ—eules brother of Henry 1. King of France took the ancient Shield of the Dukes of Burgundy so this Richard after he had the Earldom of Poictou bestow'd upon him by his brother K. Henry 3. might probably take that Lyon gules crown'd which as the French Authors inform us belong'd to his Predecessors Earls of Poictou Memoriales de Aquitaine and might add that border sable garnish'd with bezants out of the ancient Shield of the Earls of Cornwall For assoon as the younger sons of France began to bear the Royal Arms with some difference we presently follow'd them and Edward 1.'s children were the first instance But where am I rambling to please my self with the niceties of my own profession After Cornwall was united to the Crown Edward 2. who had large possessions given him by his father in those parts conferr'd the title of Earl of Cornwall upon Priece Gaveston a Gascoine who had been the great debaucher of him in his youth But he being seiz'd by the Barons for corrupting the Prince and for other crimes was beheaded and succeeded by John de Eltham younger son of Edw. 2. 31 Advanc'd thereunto by his brother Edward 3. Hol. who being young and dying without issue Edw. 3. Dukes of Cornwall erected Cornwall into a Dukedom and invested Edward his son a most accomplish'd Soldier in the year 1336 with the Dukedom of Cornwall by a wreath on his head a ring upon his finger and a silver verge Since which time g In the 11 of Edw. 3. it was granted Quod primogenitus filius Regis Angliae qui foret haereditabilis regno foret Dux Cornubiae c. So Richard de Bordeaux son to the Black-Prince was not Duke of Cornwall by virtue hereof but was created by Charter Nor was Elizabeth eldest daughter to King Edw. 4. Dutchess hereof because 't is limited to the Son Neither was Henry 8. in the life-time of his father after the death of Prince Arthur Duke hereof because he was not eldest son as I shall observe from Record leaving still the judgment of it to the opinion of Lawyers the eldest son of the King of England is born Earl of Cornwall and by a special Act made in that case Oâ—◠〈◊〉 Hâ—â— he is to be presum'd of full age assoon as ever he is born so that he may claim livery and seisin of the said Dukedom the same day he 's born and ought by right to obtain it as if he had fully compleated the age of twenty one He hath also Royalties and Prerogatives in actions the stannaries wrecks customs c. for which and the like he has certain Officers appointed him But these matters are laid open more distinctly and at large by Richard Carew of Anthony a person no less eminent for his honorable Ancestors than his own virtue and learning who hath describ'd this County at large not contenting himself with a narrow draught and whom I cannot but acknowledge to have been my guide There are in this County 161 Parishes ADDITIONS to CORNWALL CORNWALL as by the situation 't is in a manner cut from the rest of England so by its peculiar customs and privileges added to a difference of Language it may seem to be another Kingdom Upon which account it is necessary to give some light into these matters before we enter upon the Survey of the County Privileges of Cornwall To begin with the Privileges In the 21. of Elizabeth it was order'd that all charge of Custom for transporting of Cornish Cloath upon any English-man within the Dutchy of Cornwall should be discharg'd and that for the future no Custom should be paid for it This was first granted them by the Black-Prince and hath always been enjoy'd by them in consideration that they have paid and do still pay 4 s. for the coynage of every hundred of tinn whereas Devonshire pays but 8 d. They have also the freedom to take sand out of the sea and carry it through the whole County to manure their ground withal * R. Chart. de An. 45 Hen. 3. This is a Grant made by Richard Duke of Cornwall which is confirm'd An. 45 Hen. 3. by that King whereupon in the next Reign upon an Inquisition made we find a complaint that Saltash had lately taken yearly 12 s. for each Barge that carry'd Sand up Tamar whereas nothing ought to have been demanded By this it appears that ever since Hen. 3. at least this has been the
into stones The figure of them however rudely drawn I shall here represent to the Readers eye They are irregular and of unequal height and by the decays of time are grown ragged and very much impair'd The highest of them all which lyes out of the ring toward the east they call The King because they fancy he should have been King of England if he could have seen Long-Compton a village within view at three or four steps farther five larger stones which upon one side of the circle touch one another they pretend were Knights or Horsmen and the other common Soldiers But see the draught I should think this monument to have been rais'd in memory of some victory here obtain'd perhaps by Rollo the Dane who afterward possest himself of Normandy For at the same time when he with his Danes and Normans infested England with depredations we read that the Danes and Saxons had a fight at Hokenorton and another engagement at Scier-stane in Huiccia g 'T is at Sherston in Wilts see the Additions to that County p. 101. which I should take for that great boundary stone that stands hard by and divides four Counties or Shires for so the Saxon word Scierstane does plainly intimate 2 Certainly in an Exchequer-book the town adjacent is call'd Rollendrich whereas it is there specified Turstan le Despenser held land by Serjeantry of the King 's dispensary i.e. to be the King's Steward d As to Hochnorton â—cnorâ— the inhabitants were formerly such clowns and churls that it past into a proverb for a rude and ill-bred fellow To be born at Hogs-Norton But this place is chiefly memorable for the fatal slaughter of the English in a fight with the Danes under Edmund the elder e It was afterward a Barony of the D'oily 〈◊〉 of â—ey an honourable and ancient family of Normandy The first of that name who came into England was Robert de Oily D'oily who for his great service in that expedition was rewarded by William the Conquerour with this village and many other lands some of which he gave to his sworn brother h Not John de Eiverio as Leland and after him Dugdale names him Mr. Camden's writing is confirm'd by the MS. Register of Oseney and the Domesday-Inquisition Roger Ivery and this part was afterwards the Barony of St. Walery Barony of St. Walery But this Robert deceasing without issue male his brother Nigel succeeded in his estate whose son Robert the second was Founder of the Monastery of Osney Registry of Osney-Abbey At last an heir female of this family of D'oily was married to Henry Earl of Warwick by whom she had Thomas Earl of Warwick who died without issue in the reign of Henry 3. and Margaret who died likewise without issue though she had two husbands John Mareschal and John de Plessets both Earls of Warwick Upon this as the Charter of Donation runs King Henry 3. granted Hochnorton and Cudlington to John de Plessets or Plessy 37 Hen. 3. which were the inheritance of Henry D'oily and fell into the King's hands upon the death of Margaret Countess of Warwick wife of the foresaid John as an escheat of the Lands of the Normans to have and hold till such time as the Lands of England and Normandy should be made common But of this ancient and honourable Family of D'oily there remains still a branch in this County who have yet the honour of being Knights Evenlode runs by no other place remarkable 3 But la Bruer now Bruern sometime an Abbâ—y of White Monks but after a long course takes in a small brook upon which is seated Woodstock Woodstock in Saxon Wudestoc i.e. a woody place where King Etheldred heretofore held an assembly of the States and enacted several Laws Here was a magnificent palace built by K. Hen. 1. f who adjoyn'd to it a large Park enclos'd with a wall of stone Which John Rous affirms to have been the first Park in England First Park in England though we meet with these words Parca sylvestris bestiarum several times in Doomsday-book But afterwards they encreas'd to so great a number that there were computed more in England than in all the Christian world besides so great delight did our Ancestors take in this noble sport of hunting Our Histories report that King Henry 2. being deeply enamour'd with Rosamund Clifford whose extraordinary beauty and other great accomplishments drove the thoughts of all other women from his heart and made her commonly call'd Rosa mundi the Rose of the world to secure her from the restless jealousie of his Juno Queen built in this place a Labyrinth Labyrinth where the many windings and turnings made an inextricable maze yet at present we see no remains of it The town having now nothing else to be proud of does boast of the honour of being the * Alumnus suus Jâ—ffrey Chaucer birth-place of our English Homer Jeffrey Chaucer To whom and some other of our English Poets I may apply what the learn'd Italian sung of Homer and other Greeks Hic ille est cujus de'gurgite sacro Combibit arcanos vatum omnis turba furores This he to whose immortal spring of wit Each water Poet ows his rivulet For he defying every rival in wit and leaving all our Poetasters at a long distance from him jam monte potitus Ridet anhelantem dura ad fastigâ—a turbam Sits down in triumph on the conquer'd height And smiles to see unequal Rivals sweat The Isis when iâ— has taken in the Evenlode divides its own Châ—nel and cuts out many pretty Islands among which stood Godstow Godstow i.e. The place of God a Nunnery founded by one Ida a rich widow improv'd and annually endow'd by King John to the intent those holy Virgins might according to the devotion of that Age pray for the Souls of King Henry 2. his Father and Rosamund his Concubine who was here buried with this rhyming Epitaph Hac jacet in tumbâ Rosa mundi non Rosa munda Non redolet sed olet quae redolere solet g 4 We read that Hugh Bishop of Line Diocesan of this place coming hithâ—r caused her bones to be remov'd out of the Church as unworthy of Christian burial for her unchaste life Nevertheless the holy sisters there translaâ—ed them again into the Church and laid them up in a perfum'd leather bag enclos'd in lead as was found in her tomb at the dissolution of the house and they erected a Cross there whereby the Passengers were put in mind with two rhiming verses to serve God and pray for her but I remember them not Rose of the world not Rose the fresh pure flow'r Within this Tomb hath taken up her bow'r She senteth now and nothing sweet doth smell Which earst was wont to savour passing well The Isis before it's streams are again united meets with Cherwell which coming out of Northamptonshire flows
sea-coast entire More inward upon the west-side of the County there are also several towns but because they are but of late standing I will just only touch upon them Near Linne is Rising-Castle Rising seated on a high hill and vying with that at Norwich It was formerly the seat of the Albinies afterwards of Robert de Mont-hault by marriage with the sister and coheir of Hugh de Albiney Earl of Arundel and lastly of the Mowbrays descended as I have been told from the same stock with the Albinies But now it is ruinated and as it were expiring for age z Below is Castle-acre Castle-acre where formerly the Earls of Warren dwelt in a Castle now ruinous that stood upon a little river aa The river is anonymous rising not far from Godwicke Godwick a lucky name where is a small seat but made great by the ornament it receives from the famous Sir Edward Cooke Knight a person of admirable parts than whom as no one ever apply'd himself closer to the study of the Common-Law so never any understood it better Whereof he convinc'd England by his discreet management for many years together whilst Attorney-General and still does by executing the office of Lord Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas with the greatest prudence Nor has he given less proof of his abilities in his Commentaries upon our Laws whereby he has highly oblig'd both his own Age and Posterity This little river glides on gently westward to Linne by Neirford Neirford which gave name to the famous family of Neirfords and by Neirborrough where near the seat of the Spilmans Knights there is a strong and ancient military entrenchment upon a high hill very conveniently seated for the defence of the neighbouring field bb Next Penteney is plac'd upon the same rivulet which was formerly a common burying-place for the Nobility of those parts Neighbour to this is Wormegay Wormegay commonly Wrongey which Reginald de Warren brother of William de Warren second Earl of Surrey had with his wife of whom as I have read the said Earl had the donation or Maritage as they worded it in that age By his grand-daughter by a son it presently went to the Bardolphs â—arâ—ns â—â—â—dâ—â—ph noble and honourable Barons who flourish'd for a long time and bore three Cinque-foils Or in a field azure A great part of their estate along with the title came to 19 Sir William William Phellips and by his daughter to the Viscount Beaumont More to the east we see Swaffham â—â—affham a famous market-town formerly the possession of the Earl of Richmond Ashele-manour â—â—heâ—e in right whereof the Hastings and the Greys Lords of Ruthun â—â—n prâ—câ—â—â—â—◠‖ had formerly the oversight of the Table cloaths and Napkins made use of at the Coronation of the Kings of England â—â—â—â—e de â—â—â—â—aâ—yre North-Elmham where the Bishops had their seat for some time when this Diocese was divided into two cc Dereham Dâ—â—eham where was bury'd Withburga daughter of King Anna who divorcing her self entirely from all luxury and levity and being a Virgin of great sanctity was by our Ancestors canoniz'd a Saint dd Next to this is Gressenhall â—reâ—â—enhall with its neighbour Elsing both the possessions formerly of the Folliots â—oâ—â—ot persons of great honour in their time By the daughter of Richard Folliot they came to 20 Sir Hugh Hugh de Hastings of the family of Abergeuenny and at length by the daughters and heirs of Hugh Hasting the last Gressenhal came to 21 Sir Hamon Hamon le Strange of Hunstanston and Elsing â—â—â—ing to William Brown brother of 22 Sir Anthony Anthony Brown first Viscount Montacute In this Quarter also is Iâ—-borough â—â—hborough which Talbot takes to be the Iciani mention'd by Antoninus 〈◊〉 Nor need I say any more about these matters I have now nothing to do but to reckon up the Earls and Dukes of Norfolk and so go on to Cambridgeshire ee â—â—â—â—s and â—â—kes of â—â—rfâ—â—k William the Conquerour set one Ralph over the Country of the East-Angles that is the Counties of Norfolk Suffolk and Cambridgeshire But he was quickly depriv'd as I observ'd before for endeavouring innovations in the State Some years after in the reign of K. Stephen Hugh Bigod was Earl of Norfolk For when a Peace was concluded between Stephen and Henry of Anjou afterwards Henry 2. it was expresly provided that William son of Stephen â—â—â—eement â—â—â—ween K. â—â—â—pâ—en and â—â—â—y D. of â—â—pe should have the whole County of Norfolk except among other things the third penny of which Hugo Bigod was Earl Whom notwithstanding King Hen. 2. afterwards made Earl of the third penny of Norfolk and Norwic. A Monâ—â—s In the 27th of Henry 2. upon his death his son Roger succeeded him who for I know not what reason procur'd a new Creation-Charter of Rich. 1. Roger was succeeded by his son Hugh who marry'd Mawd eldest daughter and coheir of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke By her he had Roger Earl of Norfolk and Marshal of England Luxatis â—â—poris arâ—â—lis who * wresting and straining his joynts in a Tournament dy'd without issue and Hugh Bigod Lord Chief Justice of England slain in the battel of Lewes whose son Roger succeeded his Uncle in the dignity of Earl of Norfolk and Marshal of England But when his insolent and stubborn behaviour had thrown him under the displeasure of Edw. 1. he was forc'd to pass over his honours and almost his whole estate to the King for the use of Thomas de Brotherton the King's son by Margaret sister to Philip the Fair King of France For so a History has told us out of the Library of St. Augustin's in Canterbury In the year 1301. Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolk made King Edward his heir and deliver'd up to him the Marshal's rod upon this condition That if his wife bore him any children all should be return'd and he should hold it peaceably without any contradiction on the King's part And the King gave him a thousand pound in money and a thousand †Librataâ— pound in lands for life along with the Titles of Marshal and Earl But he dying without issue King Edw. 2. by virtue of the surrender above-mention'd honour'd his brother Thomas Brotherton with the titles of Marshal and Earl of Norfolk But his daughter Margaret Parl. 21. Rich. 2. call'd Lady Marshal and Countess of Norfolk and marry'd to John Lord Segrave was created Dutchess of Norfolk for life by K. Rich. 2. who at the same time created Thomas Mowbray Earl of Nottingham and grandchild to Margaret by a daughter first Duke of Norfolk to him and his heirs males having before granted him the dignity and stile of Earl Marshal of England 23 This is he that before the King was challeng'd and accus'd by Henry of Lancaster Duke of Hereford This is he who accus'd Henry of
de Scremby At last the King gave it to 6 Sir Henry Henry de Bellomonte for nothing is more clear than that he enjoy'd it in Edward the second 's reign 〈◊〉 4. E. 2. â—ckingâ—m Near this is Skrekingham remarkable for the death of Alfric the second Earl of Leicester kill'd by Hubba the Dane Which place 't is very probable Ingulphus speaks of when he writes In Kesteven three Danish petty Kings were slain and they interr'd them in a certain village heretofore call'd Laundon but now Tre-king-ham by reason of the burial of the three Kings More to the east is Hather famous for nothing but the name of the Busseys or Busleys â—â—fy who live here and derive themselves from Roger de Busley cotemporary with the Conquerour â—â—xd And then Sleford a castle of the Bishops of Lincoln erected by Alexander the Bishop where also 7 Sir John John Hussy 〈◊〉 â—â—ly the first and last Baron of that name 8 Created by King Henry 8. built himself a house but lost his head for rashly engaging in the common insurrection in the year 1537 when the feuds and difference about Religion first broke out in England A few miles from hence stands Kime â—me from whence a noble family call'd de Kime had their name but the Umfranvils three of whom were summon'd to sit in the house of Lords by the name of Earls of Angus in Scotland â—s of â—gus became at last possessors of it The sages of the Common Law would not allow the first of these forasmuch as Angus was not within the bounds of the Kingdom of England to be an Earl before he produc'd in open Court the King 's Writ by which he was summon'd to Parliament under the title of Earl of Angus From the Umfravils this came to the Talbois one of which family nam'd Gilbert was by Henry the eighth created Baron of Talbois whose two sons died without issue so that the inheritance went by females to the family of the Dimocks Inglebies and others More to the west stands Temple Bruer â—mple â—er that is as I take it Temple in the Heath it seems to have been a Preceptory of the Templars for there are to be seen the ruinous walls of a demolish'd Church not unlike those of the New Temple in London Near it is Blankeney â—ons â—ncourt once the Barony of the Deincourts who flourish'd in a continu'd succession from the coming in of the Normans to the times of Henry 6. for then their heir male fail'd in one William whose two sisters and heirs were married the one to 9 Sir William William Lovel the other to Ralph Cromwell I have the more readily taken notice of this family because I would willingly answer the request of Edmund Baron Deincourt who was long since so very desirous to preserve the memory of his name having no issue male he petition'd K. Ed. 2. for liberty To make over his Manours and Arms to whomsoever he pleas'd â— 21 H. 6. â— 10 â—w 2. for he imagin'd that both his name and Arms would go to the grave with him and was very sollicitous they should survive and be remembred Accordingly the King complied and he had Letters Patents for that end Yet this sirname so far as my knowledge goes is now quite extinct and would have been drown'd in oblivion if books and learning had not sav'd it In the west part of Kesteven where this County borders on Leicestershire on a very steep and as it seems â—voir or â—erâ—le artificial hill stands Belvoir or Beauvoir-Castle so call'd whatever the name was formerly from its pleasant prospect which with the little Monastery adjoyning was built as 't is given out by Todeneius a Norman from whom by the Albenies Britans and by the Roos's Barons it came to be the inheritance of the Manours Earls of Rutland by the first of whom nam'd Thomas it was as I have heard rebuilt after it had laid in ruins many years For William Lord Hastings in spight to Thomas Lord Roos who sided with Henry 6. almost demolish'd it and upon the attainder of Baron Roos had it granted him by Edward 4. with very large possessions But Edmund Baron Roos the son of Thomas by the bounty of Henry 7. regain'd this his ancestors inheritance o About this castle are found the stones call'd Astroites Astroites which resemble little stars link'd one with another having five rays in every corner and in the middle of every ray a hollow This stone among the Germans had its name from Victory for they think as Georgius Agricola writes in his sixth book of Minerals That whosoever carries this stone about him shall be successful against his enemies But I have not yet had an opportunity to make the experiment whether this stone of ours when put in vinegar will move out of its place and whirl round like that in Germany The Vale beneath this castle commonly call'd from it The Vale of Belver The Vale of Belver is pretty large and exceeding pleasant by reason of the corn-fields and pastures there It lies part in Nottinghamshire part in Leicestershire and part in Lincolnshire If not in this very place yet for certain very near it †See the Additions to Rutlandshire under the title Market-Overton where 't is more conveniently plac'd stood formerly that Margidunum Margidunum which Antoninus makes mention of next to Vernometum and this may sufficiently be prov'd both by its name and distance from Vernometum and the Town Ad Pontem otherwise Paunton for Antoninus places it between them It seems to have taken this ancient name from Marga and the situation of it For Marga among the Britains is a sort of earth with which they manure their grounds and Dunum which signifies a hill is applicable only to high places But I do for all that very much question this etymology seeing there is very little Marle in this place the not searching for it being perhaps the reason except the Britains by the name of Marga understand ‖ Gypsum Plaister-stone which is as I am inform'd dug up not far from hence and was as Pliny declares in his natural history in great request among the Romans who used it in their Plaisterings and * Sigillis Cielings Thro' this part of the Shire runs Witham Riv. Witham a little river but very full of Pikes and the northern parts are bounded by it It s spring head is at a little town of the same name Bitham not far from the ruins of Bitham-Castle which as we find in an old pedigree was by William the first given to Stephen Earl of Albemarle and Holderness to enable him to feed his son as yet a little infant with fine white bread for at that time nought was eaten in Holderness but oat-bread altho' 't is now very little used there This castle nevertheless in the reign of Edward 3. was when
I always thought came from the ancient Castilion family of the Earls of St. Paul â— Paul in France but the Coat of Arms of Luxemburgh that they bear is a sign that they came out of France since that Castilion family of St. Paul was by marriage ingrafted into that of Luxemburgh which was about two hundred years ago Above this the Trent the Idell and the Dan as they play along in their several streams thus Frontinus expresses it make a river Island Axelholme in Saxon Eaxelholme which is part of Lincolnshire in length from south to north 10 miles â—â—sholm but not past half so broad The lower part near the rivers is marshy and produces an odoriferous shrub call'd Gall 22 It yieldeth also Pets in the mores and dead roots of fir-wood which in burning give a rank sweet savour There also have been found great and long fir-trees while they digg'd for Pet both within the isle and also without at Laughton upon Trent bank the old habitation of the family of Dalanson now contractly call'd Dalison The middle has a small ascent and is both rich and fruitful yielding flax in great abundance and also Alabaster 〈◊〉 which being not very solid is more proper for lime and plaisterwork than for other uses â—â—â—aster The chief town was formerly call'd Axel now Axey from whence by adding the Saxon word Holme which among them signified a river-island the name without question was compounded It hardly deserves to be call'd a town 't is so thinly inhabited nevertheless there is to be seen a platform of a castle that was demolish'd in the Barons war and belonged to the Mowbrays who at that time had a great part of the island in their possession In the year 1173. Roger de Mowbray as the Author of an old Chronicle has it forsaking his allegiance to the Hâ—â—ry ◠〈◊〉 reâ—â— to his 〈◊〉 be â—â—gâ—r Elder King repair'd a Castle formerly demolish'd in the Isle Axelholme near Kinard ferry which Castle a great number of Lincolnshire-men passing over in boats besieged and compell'd the Constable and all the soldiers to surrender and laid it level with the ground A little higher lies Botterwic the owner whereof 23 Sir Edmund Sheffeld Edmund Sheffeld was the first Baron of that family created by Edward the sixth and lost his life for his Country against the Norfolk rebels having by Anne Vere a daughter of the Earl of Oxford John the second Baron father to Edmund who is now Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter 24 President of the Council establish'd in the north More northward on the other side of Trent is Burton Stather of which I have not as yet read any thing remarkable Since Egga who liv'd in the year 710 and Morcar both Saxons that were only Officiary Earls this County has given the title of Earl to William de Romara a Norman Earls of Lincoln after whose death for this title was never enjoy'd by his son who died before him nor by his grandson King Stephen conferr'd it on Gilbert de Gaunt who succeeded him but he dying Simon de St. Licius the younger son of Earl Simon you have the very words of Robert Montensis who lived about that time when he wanted lands 2 Hen. 2. receiv'd from King Henry 2. his only daughter to wife together with his honour Afterwards Lewis of France who was call'd into England by the rebellious Barons created another Gilbert of the de Gaunts family Earl of Lincoln but as soon as Lewis was forc'd away and he found himself acknowledg'd Earl by no man he quitted the title of his own accord Then Ralph the sixth Earl of Chester had this honour granted him by King Henry 3. and a little before his death gave by Charter to Hawise his sister wife of Robert de Quincy the Earldom of Lincoln so far forth as it appertain'd to him that she might be Countess thereof for so are the veâ—y words of the Charter She in like manner bestow'd it on John de Lacy Constable of Chester and the heirs he should beget on Margaret her daughter This John begat Edmund who dying before his mother left this honour to be enjoy'd by Henry his son the last Earl of this family For when he lost his sons by untimely deaths he contracted his only daughter Alice when but nine years old to Edmund Earl of Lancaster on condition that if he should dye without issue of his body or if they should dye without heirs of their bodies his Castles Lordships L iger-bâ—ok of Stanlow c. should come in the remainder to Edmund Earl of Lancaster and his heirs for ever But this Alice having no children by her husband Thomas who was beheaded lost her reputation by her light behaviour for that she without the K.'s consent was married to 25 Sir Eubul Eubulo Le-Strange Edw. 2. with whom she had been formerly somewhat too intimate for which reason the offended King seiz'd her estate 26 Yet both Sir Eubul Strange and Sir Hugh Frene her third husband are in some Records nam'd Earls of Lincoln But Alice being very old and dying without issue Henry Earl of Lancaster grandchild to Edmund by his second son had this her large patrimony by virtue of the aforesaid conveyance and from this time it became the inheritance of the house of Lancaster Nevertheless the Kings of England have conferr'd on several the title of Earl of Lincoln as Edward 4. on 27 Sir John John De-la-pole and Henry 8. on Henry Brandon who were both sons of the Dukes of Suffolk and died without issue Then Qu. Eliz. promoted to this honour See Dukes of Suffolk Edward Baron Clinton Lord High Admiral of England by whose very honourable son Henry 't is at present enjoy'd There are in this County about 630 Parishes ADDITIONS to LINCOLNSHIRE a THE corner of this County where Mr. Camden begins his survey seems formerly to have been a very inconsiderable or rather no part of it For as he observes from the banks there that the sea must once have come something farther so Mr. Dugdale putting Holland in the same number with Marshland in Norfolk and some other maritime places plainly proves that they have been long ago by great industry gain'd from the sea and were for many ages nothing but a vast and deep fen affording little benefit to the nation besides fish or fowl b As to the original of the name I shall not make the least scruple to joyn this and Holland â—â—lland in the Netherlands together agreeing so exactly in their situation soil and most other circumstances setting aside the difference of improvements which no doubt are much more considerable in one than the other but are nothing to our purpose so long as the primitive state of both was much the same Mr. Butler's conjecture drawn from the Saxon holt a wood and Ingulphus's Hoilandia which has given
makes it reasonable enough to suppose that these two might be stations for the reception of the Armies in their march Upon the east side of the road between Streethey and Burton stands Eddingal Eddinghall where is a rais'd way pointing towards Lullington in Derbyshire which Dr. Plot is of opinion might probably be one of the Roman Viae vicinales or by-roads which they had beside their great high-ways for the convenience of going between town and town p More to the West is Blithfield Blithfield the seat of the Bagotts as Mr. Camden tells us It came into this family by the marriage of the daughter and heir of Blithfield in the reign of Edward the second Before which time they were seated at the neighbouring village of Bagotts-Bromley From this family were also descended the ancient Barons of Stafford afterwards Dukes of Buckingham Farther Northward and not far from Checkley by a small brook call'd Peak are the stately ruins of Croxden-Abbey Croxden-Abbey formerly a Monastery of Cistercian Monks founded by Theobald de Verdon a Norman Baron about the time of Henry the second Continuation of the LORDS After Edward Stafford last Duke of Buckingham of that name there were three of that family who enjoy'd the title of Lords Stafford Henry Edward and another Henry the daughter of the last being marry'd to William Howard son of Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey King Charles the first created this her husband Nov. 1640. Viscount and Lord Stafford More rare Plants growing wild in Staffordshire The mountainous part of this Country called the Moorelands produceth the same plants with the Peak Country of Derbyshire The more depressed and level parts with Warwickshire At a village called Worton in this County about two miles distant from Newport in Shropshire grow in plenty the Abies Ger. Park faemina sive 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 J. B. The female or Yew-leav'd Firr-tree which whether they were native of this place or anciently planted here is some question That they were natives Dr. Plot gathers not only from their disorderly natural situation and excessive height to which planted trees seldom arrive but chiefly from the stools or stumps of many trees which he suspects to have been Firrs found near them in their natural position in the bottoms of Mosses and Pools particularly of Shebben-pool some of the bodies whereof are daily dug up at Laynton and in the old Pewet-pool in the same parish where these now grow Sorbus Pyriformis D. Pitt The Pear-like Service I have already declared my opinion that this is no other than the common Service-tree Dr. Plot tells us that it grows in the Moorelands at many places Sambucus fructu albo Ger. Park fructu in umbella viridi C. B. acinis albis J. B. White-berried Elder In the hedges near the village of Combridge plentifully Dr. Plot hist nat Staff Tripolium minus vulgare The lesser Sea-star-wort Said to grow in the grounds of Mr. Chetwynd of Ingstree within two miles of Stafford in a place call'd the Marsh near the place where the brine of it self breaks out above ground frets away the grass and makes a plash of Salt-water Dr. Plot. hist nat Staff SHROPSHIRE SHROPSHIRE By Robert Morden Lower upon the river Temd we see Burford Burford which from Theodorick Say's posterity descended to Robert de Mortimer and from his heirs to 4 Sir Jeffrey Jeffrey de Cornubia or Cornwaile Cornwaile of the lineage of Richard Earl of Cornwall and King of the Alemans whose heirs even to our days have bore the honourable title of Barons but were not such Barons as might sit in Parliament Burford is held of the King Inq. 40 E. 3. to find five men towards the Army of Wales and by the service of a Barony as appears by the Inquisition But observe by the way those who held an entire Barony were formerly reputed Barons and some Sages of the Common Law will have Baron and Barony to have been Conjugates Baron and Barony conjugates like Earl and Earldom Duke and Dukedom King and Kingdom Temd here leaves Shropshire and by its Northern Banks arise some hills of no difficult ascent call'd Clee-hill Clee-hill famous for producing the best Barley and not without some veins of Iron c at the bottom of which in a little village call'd Cleybury Hugh de Mortimer built a castle which immediately King Henry the second so entirely demolish'd finding it a Nursery of Rebellion that scarce any remains of it are visible at this day and Kinlet a seat of the Blunts Blunt signifies yellow hair in the Norman tongue a name very famous in these parts denoting their golden locks This is a very ancient and honourable family and hath spread its branches far Then we see Brugmorfe Bridgemorfe commonly call'd Bridgnorth on the right hand bank of the Severn so call'd of Burgh and Morfe a Forest that adjoyns to it before call'd Burgh only a town enclos'd and fortified with walls a ditch a castle and the river Severn which with a very steep fall flows in amongst the rocks It stands secure upon a rock through which the ways that lead into the upper part of the town were cut 'T was first built by Edelfleda Domina Merciorum Lady of the Mercians and wall'd round by Robert de f His right name is Belesme for so the ancient Saxon Annals call him Belism Earl of Shrewsbury who relying upon the strength of the place revolted from Henry the first as likewise did Roger de Mortimer from Henry the second but both with ill success for they were forc'd to surrender and so were quieted At the siege of this castle as our Chronicles say King Henry the second had like to have lost his life by an arrow which being shot at him was intercepted by a truly gallant man and lover of his King 5 Sir Hubert Syncler Hubert de Saint-Clere who sav'd the King's life by being accessary to his own death At this place formerly 6 Sir Ralph Ralph de Pichford behav'd himself so gallantly that King Henry the first gave him the little 7 Burgh Brug near it to hold by the service of finding dry wood for the great chamber of the castle of 7 Burgh Brug against the coming of his Soveraign Lord the King d Willeley is not far off the ancient seat of 8 Sir Warner the Warners of Willeley Willey or Willeley from whose posterity by the Harleys and Peshall it came to the famous family of the Lacons Lacon much advanc'd by intermarriage with the heir of Passelew and lately improv'd by the possessions of Sir J. Blunt of Kinlet Kt. Other castles and towns lye scattering hereabouts as New castle Hopton castle Shipton and Corvesham upon the river Corve the gift of K. Hen. 2. Lib. Inq. to Walter de Clifford Brancroft and Holgot commonly call'd Howgate which formerly belong'd to the Mandutes then
heels with an army whom the rash youth engaging after a long and sharp dispute 27 Wherein the Scotish-men which follow'd him shew'd much manly valour when the Earl of Worcester his uncle and the Earl of Dunbar were taken he despairing c. despairing of success expos'd himself wilfully to death The place from this battel The battel of Shrewsbury is yet call'd Battlefield Battlefield where the King afterwards built a Chapel and settled two Priests to pray for the souls of the slain This Shrewsbury is 20 degrees and 37 minutes distant from the Azores and 52 degrees and 53 minutes from the Aequator I know not whether it is worth my while and not foreign to my purpose to tell you that out of this city came the Sweating-sickness Sweating-sickness in the year 1551. which spread it self throughout the whole Kingdom and was particularly fatal to middle-aged persons such as had it either dy'd or recover'd in the space of 24 hours But there was a speedy remedy found out that those who were taken ill in the day time should immediately go to bed in their cloaths and those that sickned in the night should lye out their four and twenty hours in bed but were not to sleep at all The most eminent Physicians are puzl'd about the cause of this distemper there are some who ascribe it to the nature of chalky grounds in England which yet are very rare to be found here H. Fracastorius They tell you That in some certain moist constitutions the subtle but corrupt steams that evaporate from that sort of soil which are very piercing and contagious either infect the animal spirits or the thin frothy Serum of the blood but be the cause what it will 't is most certain there is some analogy between it and the subtle parts of the blood which occasions in so small a space as 24 hours either the expiration of the Patient or Disease But let others make their discoveries for my part I have observ'd it thrice in the last Age rife throughout the whole kingdom of England and I doubt not but it has been so before tho' we cannot find it chronicl'd I observe it first in the year 1485 when Henry the seventh began his reign some time after a great conjunction of the superiour Planets in Scorpio secondly less violent tho' accompanied with the Plague in the 33d year after in the year 1518 after a great opposition of the same Planets in Scorpio and Taurus at which time it was likewise rife in the Low-Countries and Germany and lastly 33 years after that in the year 1551 after another conjunction of the same Planets in Scorpio had exerted its malignant influences But enough has been said of this which may be little regarded by 28 Such as attribute nothing at all to celestial influence and learned experience such as have no appetite to this sort of experimental learning Near this city the river Severn has a great many windings but especially at Rossal where it fetches x It well-nigh encloses a large plot of ground of several miles in compass for that reason call'd The Isle such a compass that it almost returns into it self Hereabouts are those old-fashion'd boats call'd in Latin Rates i.e. Flotes Flotes made of rough timber planks joyn'd together with light ribs of wood which with the stream convey burthens The use and name of them was originally brought by the English from the Rhine in Germany where they bear the same name of Flotes m Near the river stands Shrawerden Shrawerden a castle formerly of the Earls of Arundel but afterwards belong'd to the most honourable 29 Sir Thomas Thomas Bromley who was sometime since Chancellour of England and Knocking Knocking built by the Lords L'estrange from whom it came by inheritance to the Stanleys Earls of Derby And not far off is Nesse Nesse over which there hangeth a craggy rock with a cave in it of some note this place together with Cheswerden King Henry the second gave to John L'estrange Barons Lestrange 20 fieâ—â— from whom are descended the most noble families of the L'esttranges of Knocking Avindelegh Ellesmer Blakmere Lutheham and Hunstanton in Norfolk But from those of Knocking by the death of the last of them without issue male the inheritance descended by Joan a sole daughter and the wife of George Stanley to the Earls of Derby At a greater distance from the river towards the western bounds of this County lies Oswestre Oswestre or Oswaldstre in Welsh Croix Oswalde a little town enclos'd with a wall and a ditch and fortified with a small castle 'T is a place of good traffick for Welsh-Cottons Welsh-Cottons especially which are of a very fine thin or if you will †Leviâ— sas si â— cet vâ— slight texture of which great quantities are weekly vended here It derives its name from Oswald King of the Northumbrians but more anciently 't was call'd Maserfield Maserfiâ—â—â— whom Penda the Pagan Prince of the Mercians after he had slain him in a hot engagement tore limb from limb with inhuman barbarity which gave occasion to those verses of a Christian Poet of some antiquity Cujus abscissum caput abscissosque lacertos Et tribus affixos palis pendere cruentus Oswald slain Penda jubet per quod reliquis exempla relinquat Terroris manifesta sui regemque beatum Esse probet miserum sed causam fallit utramque Ultor enim fratris minimè timet Oswius illum Imò timere facit nec Rex miser imò beatus Est qui fonte boni fruitur semel sine fine Whose head all black with gore and mangled hands Were fix'd on stakes at Penda's curst commands To stand a sad example to the rest And prove him wretched who is ever blest Vain hopes were both for Oswy's happier care Stop'd the proud Victor and renew'd the war Nor him mankind will ever wretched own Who wears a peaceful and eternal crown It seems to have been first built upon a superstitious conceit See in Northumberland for the Christians of that age lookt upon it as holy and Bede has told us that famous miracles were wrought in the place where Oswald was kill'd It was built by Madoc the brother of Mereduc according to Carodocus Lancabernensis and the Fitz-Alanes Normans who afterwards were Lords of it and Earls of Arundel inclosed it with a wall n It is observable that the Eclipses of the Sun in Aries Eclipses in Aries have been very fatal to this place for in the years 1542 and 1567. when the Sun was eclipsed in that Planet it suffer'd very much by fire but after the last Eclipse of the two a fire rag'd so furiously here that about 200 houses in the City and Suburbs were consum'd â—â— Câ—rciâ—â— Below this * Northwest there is a hill entrench'd with a triple ditch call'd Hen-dinas that is the
indebted for the description of it It lay with the Inscription downward upon a stone two foot square which is suppos'd to have been the Pedestal of it the foundation lay deep and broad consisting of many large stones The earth about it was solid but of several colours and some ashes were mixt in it About the foundation were found signs of a Sacrifice the bones horns and heads of several creatures as the Ox Roe-buck c. with these two coyns I. Brass On the first side Imp. Caes. Vespasian Aug. Cos. 111. and the face of the Emperour On the reverse Victoria Augusti S. C. and a winged Victory standing II. Copper On the first side Fl. Val. Constantius Nob. C. and the face of Constantius On the reverse Genio populi Romani A Genius standing holding a bowl us'd in sacrifices in the right hand and a Cornucopia in the left Our Antiquary tells us that presently after the Norman-Conquest the Episcopal See was translated hither from Lichfield and this is the reason why the Bishops of Lichfield are sometimes call'd by our Historians Bishops of Chester and Peter who translated it is by our Saxon Annals call'd Episcopus Licifeldensis sive Cestrensis Bishop of Lichfield or Chester d Leaving this ancient city the next thing that offers it self is Wirall Wirall call'd by the Saxon Annals Wirheale and by Matthew Westminster more corruptly Wirhale * Burton Itinerar p. 129. which the same Mattthew confounds with Chester making them one place This error proceeded from the misunderstanding of that passage in the Saxon Chronicle hie gedydon on anre pestre ceastre on Wirhealum sio is Legaceastre gehaten i.e. They abode in a certain Western city in Wirheale which is call'd Legaceaster The latter part of the sentence he imagin'd had referr'd to Wirheale whereas it is plainly a farther explication of the Western-city e From the Western parts of this County let us pass to the Eastern where upon the river Dane is Congleton the ancient Condatum of Antoninus according to our Author Mr. Burton Mr. Talbot and others Wherever it was it seems probable enough as Mr. †Comment upon the Iâ—inerar p. 124. Burton has hinted that it came from Condate in Gaul famous for the death of S. Martin For ‖ Dâ— Bell. Gâ—ll. l. 5. Caesar expresly tells us that even in his time they translated themselves out of that part of Gaul into Britain and that after they were settl'd they call'd their respective cities after the name of those wherein they had been born and bred Whether any remains of Roman Antiquities that have been discover'd at Congleton induc'd our Antiquaries to fix it there is uncertain since they are silent in the matter but if the bare affinity of names be their only ground supposing the distances would but answer there might be some reason to remove it into the Bishoprick of Durham wherein at Consby near Percebridge was dug up a Roman Altar very much favouring this conjecture The draught and inscription of it with the remarks upon them shall be inserted in their proper place More towards the North lies Maclesfield where in a Chapel or Oratory on the South-side of the Parochial Chapel and belonging to Peter Leigh of Lyme Esq as it anciently belong'd to his Ancestors in a brass Plate are the verses and following account of two worthy persons of this family Here lyeth the body of Perkin A Legh That for King Richard the death did dye Betrayed for righteousness And the bones of Sir Peers his sonne That with King Henry the fifth did wonne In Paris This Perkin served King Edward the third and the Black Prince his son in all their wars in France and was at the Battel of Cressie and had Lyme given him for that service And after their deaths served King Richard the second and left him not in his troubles but was taken with him and beheaded at Chester by King Henry the fourth And the said Sir Peers his sonne served King Henry the fifth and was slain at the battel of Agen-court In their memory Sir Peter Legh of Lyme Knight descended from them finding the said old verses written upon a stone in this Chapel did reedifie this place An. Dom. 1626. On the other side of the same Parochial Chapel in an Oratory belonging to the right honourable Thomas Earl Rivers is this Copy of a Pardon grav'd in a brass Plate The pardon for saying of v pater nosters and v aves and a ...... is xxvi thousand yeres and xxvi dayes of pardon Another brass Plate in the same Chapel has this ancient Inscription Orato pro animabus Rogeri Legh Elizabeth uxoris suae qui quidem Rogerus obiit iiii die Novembris Anno Domini M. v. c. vi Elizabeth verò obiit v o die Octobris An. Domini Mcccclxxxix quorum animabus propitietur Deus This town of Macclesfield hath given the title of Earl to the Gerrards the first whereof invested with that Honour was Charles created Earl of this place 31 Car. 2. who being lately dead is now succeeded by his son and heir The more rare Plant yet observ'd to grow in Cheshire is Cerasus avium fructu minimo cordiformi Phyt. Brit. The least wild Heart Cherry-tree or Merry-tree Near Stock-port and in other places Mr. Lawson could observe no other difference between this and the common Cherry-tree but only in the figure and smallness of the fruit HEREFORD-SHIRE By Robt. Morden SILURES IT seems most adviseable before we go to the other parts of England to take a round into Cambria or Wales still possest by the posterity of the old Britains Tho' I cannot look upon this as a digression but a pursuing of the natural course of things For this tract is spread out along by the sides of the Cornavii and seems to have a right to be consider'd here as in its proper place Especially seeing the British or Welsh the Inhabitants of these parts enjoy the same laws and privileges with us and have been this long time as it were engrafted into our Government Wales Wales therefore which formerly comprehended all that lies beyond the Severn but has now narrower bounds was formerly inhabited by three People the Silures Silures the Dimetae Dimetae and the Ordovices Ordovices To these did not only belong the twelve Counties of Wales but also the two others lying beyond the Severn Herefordshire and Monmouthshire now reckon'd among the Counties of England To take them then as they lye the Silures as we gather from Ptolemy's description of them inhabited those Countries which the Welsh call by one general name Deheubarth i.e. the Southern part at this day brancht into the new names of Herefordshire Radnorshire Brecknockshire Monmouthshire and Glamorganshire within which compass there are still some remains of the name Silures As to the derivation of the word I can think of none that will answer the nature of the Country but as to the original of
was fortified with a castle by Hugh Earl of Chester whereof tho' I made diligent enquiry I could not discover the least ruins 'T was seated at the very entrance of this Fretum or chanel where Edward 1. attempted in vain to build a bridge that his Army might pass over into the Island Mona or Anglesey whereof next in order At this place also as we find in Tacitus Paulinus Suetonius pass d over with the Roman soldiers the horse at a ford and the foot in flat-bottom'd boats From hence the shore with a steep ascent passes by a very high and perpendicular rock call'd Pen maen mawr Penmaenmawr which hanging over the sea affords travellers but a very narrow passage where the rocks on one hand seem ready to fall on their heads and on the other the roaring sea of a vast depth But having pass'd this together with Pen maen bychan i.e. the lesser rocky promontory a plain extends it self as far as the river Conwy Conwy river call'd Toisovius the eastern limit of this County This river is call d in Ptolemy Toisovius for Conovius which is only an errour crept in o copies from a compendious way of writing Greek It springs out of a lake of the same name in the southern limit of the County and hastens to the sea being confin'd within a very narrow and rocky chanel almost to the very mouth of it This river breeds a kind of Shells which being impregnated with celestial dew produce pearl Pearls b The town of Conovium Conovium mention'd by Antoninus receiv'd it's name from this river which tho' it be now quite destroy'd and the very name in the place where it stood extinct yet the antiquity of it is preserved in the present name for in the ruins of it we find a small village call'd Kaer hên which signifies the old city c Out of the ruins of this city King Edw. 1. built the new Town at the mouth of the river which is therefore call'd Aber Conwy a place that Hugh Earl of Chester had fortified before This new Conwy both in regard of its advantageous situation and for its being so well fortified as also for a very neat castle by the river side might deserve the name of a small city rather than a town but that it is but thinly inhabited d Opposite to Conwy on this side the river though in the same County we have a vast promontory with a crooked elbow as if nature had design'd there a harbour for shipping call'd Gogarth Gogarth where stood the ancient city of Diganwy Diganwy on the sea of Conwy which many ages since was consumed by lightning This I suppose to have been the city Dictum Dictum where under the later Emperours the commander of the Nervii Dictenses kept guard As for it's being afterwards call'd Diganwy who sees not that Ganwy is a variation only of Conwy and that from thence also came the English Ganoc Ganoc for so was that castle call d which in later times was built by Henry 3. e Soon after the Norman Conquest this Country was govern'd by Grufydh ap KÅ·nan * Conanus who not being able to repel the English troops which made frequent inroads into Wales was constrain'd sometimes to yield to the storm and when afterwards by his integrity he had gain'd the favour of King Henry 1. he also easily recover'd his lands from the English and left them to his posterity who enjoy'd them till the time of Lhewelyn ap Grufydh †An account of the life and death of this excellent Prince may be seen at large in Dr. Powel's History of Wales p g. 314 c. But he having provok'd his brothers with injuries and the neighbouring English with incursions was at length brought to that strait that he held this mountainous Country together with the isle of Mona or Anglesey of King Edward 1. as Tenant in fee paying a thousand marks yearly Which conditions when he afterwards would not stand to but following rather his own and his perfidious brother's obstinacy than led on with any hopes of prevailing would again run the hazard of war he was kill'd and so put an end to his own Government and that of the Britains in Wales This County contains 68 Parishes ADDITIONS to CAERNARVONSHIRE a THE British name of these Mountains Kreigieu'r Eryreu signifies Eagle Rocks which are generally understood by the Inhabitants to be so call'd from the Eagles that formerly bred here too plentifully and do yet haunt these Rocks some years tho' not above three or four at a time and that commonly one Summer in five or six coming hither as is supposed out of Ireland Had they been denominated from Snow the name must have been Kreigieu'r Eiral whereas we always call them Eryreu Nor do the ancientest Authors that mention them favour Mr. Camden's Etymology for Giraldus Cambrensis writes it Eryri which differs nothing in pronunciation and Ninnius who writ Anno 858. Heriri However seeing the English call it Snowdon the former derivation was not without good grounds and 't is possible the word yrau might be either the ancient pronunciation or a corruption of eira and so these Rocks call'd Kreigiau yr Yrau which might afterwards be written Kreigieu Eryreu Amongst these Mountains the most noted are Moel y Wydhva y Glyder Karnedh Dhavidh and Karnedh Lhewelyn which are very properly call'd by our Author the British Alps. For besides their extraordinary height and craggy precipices their abounding with Lakes and Rivers and being covered with Snow for a considerable part of the year they agree also with the Alps in producing several of the same * â—ee Ray's Synophs of British Plants Plants and some Animals as particularly Merula Saxatilis Aldrovandi call'd here and in Meirionydhshire Mwyalchen y Graig i.e. Rock-ouzl and in Switzerland Berg-Amzel or Mountain Black-bird and the Torgoch a Fish †Umblâ— minor Gâ—sneri p. 1201. which Mr ‖ Willough Ichthyol Ray supposes to be the same with the * The word Roetel signâ—fies the same with Torgoch Roetel of the Alpine Lakes In these Mountains as probably in the Alps also and other places of this kind the greatest variety of rare Plants are found in the highest and steepest Rocks The places here that afford best entertainment for Botanists are Klogwyn Karnedh y Wydhva call'd commonly Klogwyn y Garnedh which is probably the highest Rock in the three Kingdoms Krîby †Call'd so corruptly perhaps for Krâ—by Dâ—stith for water drops down this precipice continually Diskil Trig-vylchau ‖ i e. Treigi-Vyâ—chen and y Klogwyn dû ymhèn y Glyder which are all near Lhan Berys and well known to the Shepherds Such as have not seen Mountains of this kind are not able to frame an Idea of them from the hills of more champain or lower Countries For whereas such hills are but single heights or stories these are heap'd upon one another
they destroy'd every thing they could meet with burnt to the ground From that time they began to build nearer a green hill by the river upon which stands a castle not very great nor ancient but fair built and strong and upon the very hill stands a Church the only one in the town where the Monks aliens had a cell heretofore 7 Founded by Roger of Poictiers Below this at a very fine bridge over the Lone on the stoâ—pest side of the hill there hangs a piece of a very ancient wall which is Roman they call it Wery-wall probably from the later British name of the town for they nam'd this town Caer Werid that is a green 〈◊〉 from the green hill perhaps but I leave the fâ—râ—her discovery of this to others John Lord of Moâ—iton and Lancaste who was afterwards King of â—ngâ—and confirmed by charter all the liberties which he â—ad granted to the Burgesses of Bristow Edward the third in the 36th year of his reign granted to the Mâ—yor and Bailiffs of the village of Lancaster that Pleas and Sessions should be held no where else but there The latitude of this place not to omit it is 54 degrees 5 minutes and the longitude 20 degrees 48 minutes From the top of this hill while I look'd all round to see the mouth of the Lone which empties it self not much lower I saw Forness â—ournesse the other part of this County on the west which is almost sever'd from it by the sea for whereas the shore lay out a great way from hence westward into the ocean the sea as if it were enrag'd at it ceased not to slash and mangle it Nay it swallow'd it quite up at some boisterous tide or other and theâ—eby has made three large bays namely Kentsand which receives the river Ken Levensand Duddensand between which the land shoots oâ—t so much like a promontory into the sea that this 〈◊〉 oâ— the county takes its name from it 〈…〉 and Foreland signifie the same with us that proâ—â—â—â—tortâ—â— anterius that is a fore-promontory does in latiâ— l The whole tract except by the Sea-side is all high mountains and great rocks they call them Fornâ—ss-fâ—lls â—â—rnâ—sâ—e-Fells among which the Britains liv'd securely for a long time relying upon the fortifications wherewith nature had guarded them tho' nothing prov'd impregnable to the Saxon Conquerors For in the 228th year after the coming in of the Saxons we may from hence infer that the Britains lived here because at that time Egfrid King of the Northumbrians gave to S. Cuthbert the land called Carthmell Carthmell and all the Britains in it for so it is related in his life Now Carthmell every one knows was a part of this County near Kentsand and a little town in it keeps that very name to this day wherein William Mareschal the elder Earl of Pembroke built a Priory and endow'd it If in Ptolemy one might read Setantiorum Sâ—tâ—â—â—â—â—ruâ— Lacus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a lake as some books have it and not Sâ—tantiorum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a haven I would venture to affirm that the Britains in these parts were the Setantii for among those mountains lies the greatest lake in England now call'd Winander-mere Winamâ—â—rmere in Saxon WinÆ¿adremer perhaps from the windings in it about ten miles in length the bottom pav'd as it were with a continued rock wonderful deep in some places as the neighbouring Inhabitants tell you and well stor'd with a sort of fish no where else bred See the Aâ—dâ—â—â—â—ns tâ— Wâ—â—tmâ—â—land Câ—are a fiâ—h Hiâ—tâ—ry â—f Maâ—â—â— which they call Chare m Upon this lake stands a little town of the same name where in the year 792. Eathred King of the Northumbrians slew the sons of King Elfwold after he had taken them from York that by his own wickedness and their blood he might secure himself in the Kingdom Between this lake and the river Dudden is the promontory we commonly call Forness with the Island Walney like a Counterscarp lying along by it and a small arm of the sea between The entry to it is d This fort is quite ruinated defended by a Fort call'd The Pile of Fouldrey Piâ—e 〈◊〉 Fâ—uldâ—eâ— situate upon a rock in the middle of the water and built by the Abbot of Forness in the first year of King Edward the third Upon the promontory there is nothing to be seen but the ruins of Forness-Abbey 8 Of Câ—stercian Monks Lâ—b F â—â—sâ—â—nâ— which Stephen Earl of Bullen afterwards K. of England built in the year 1127. in a place formerly call'd Bekensgill or translated it rather from Tulket in Anderness Out of the Monks of this place and no where else as they themselves have related the Bishops of the Isle of Man which lyes over against it were wont by an ancient custom to be chosen this being the mother as it were of several Monasteries both in that Island and in Ireland n More to the East stands Aldingham Aldâ—â—ghâ—â— the ancient estate of the family of the Harringtons Hâ—â—â—â—gtâ—â—s to whom it came from the Flemmings by the Cancefelds and whose inheritance by a daughter went to William Bonvill 9 Of Somersetshire of Devonshire and by him at last to the Greys Marquisses of Dorset Somewhat higher lyes Ulverston Ulâ—â—â—â— to be mention'd upon this account that Edward the third gave a moiety of it to John Coupland one of the most warlike men of that age whom he also advanc'd to the honour of a Banneret for taking David the second King of Scots prisoner in a battel at Durham After his death the said King gave it with other great estates in these parts and with the title of Earl of Bedford to Ingleram Lord Coucy a Frenchman he having married his daughter Isabel and his Ancestors having been possess'd of great Revenues in England in right of Christian de Lindsey â—o As for those of the Nobility who have bore the title of Lancaster 〈…〉 there were three in the beginning of the Norman Government who had the title of Lords of the Honour of Lancaster namely Roger of Poictou the son of Roger Montgomery sirnam'd Pictavensis as William of Malmesbury says because his wife came out of Poictou in France But he being depriv'd of this honour for his disloyalty King Stephen conferr'd it upon his own son William Earl of Moriton and Warren Upon whose death King Richard the first bestow'd it upon John his brother who was afterwards King of England For thus we find it in an ancient History 〈…〉 King Richard shew'd great affection for his brother John For besides Ireland and the Earldom of Moriton in Normandy he bestow'd upon him such great preferments in England that he was in a manner a Tetrarch there For he gave him Cornwal Lancaster Nottingham Derby with the adjacent Country and many other things A pretty while after King Henry the third son of King John
to him King Aelfred was under a necessity of coming to Terms with them and so he and they divided the Land assign'd it to the Danes who within a few years were thrown out by Athelstane Yet even after this the People made a King of Eilric the Dane who was forthwith expell'd by King Ealdred Henceforward the name of King was no more heard of in this Province but its chief Magistrates were call'd Earls whereof these following are successively reckon'd by our Historians Osulph Oslac Edulph Waldeof the Elder Uchtred Adulph Alred Siward Tostius Edwin Morcà r and Osculph Amongst these Siward was a person of extraordinary valour who as he liv'd so he chose to dye in his Armour Ingulph p. 511. b. An. 1056. His County of York was given to Tostius Brother to Earl Harold and the Counties of Northampton and Huntingdon with his other lands bestow'd on the noble E. Waldeof his son and heir I have here given you the very words of Ingulphus because there are some who deny that he was Earl of Huntingdon To this let me also add what I have met with on the same subject in an old Parchment Manuscript in the Library of John Stow a most worthy Citizen and industrious Antiquary of the City of London Copsi being made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conquerour dispossess'd Osculph who nevertheless soon after slew him Afterwards Osculph himself was stabb'd by a Robber and dy'd of the wound Then Gospatrick bought the County of the Conquerour by whom he was also presently divested of the Honour and was succeeded by Waldeof the son of Siward He lost his head and was succeeded by Walcher Bishop of Durham who as well as his successor Robert Comin was slain in an insurrection of the Rabble mm The title was afterwards conferr'd on Robert Mowbray who destroy'd himself by his own wicked Treason 10 When he devis'd to deprive King William Rufus of his Royal Estate and to advance Stephen Earl of Albemarle a son to the Conqueror's sistâ—r thereunto Then as the Polychronicon of Durham tells us King Stephen made Henry the son of David King of Scots Eâ—rl of Northumberland and his son William who was also himself afterwards King of Scots wrote himself William de Warren Earl of Northumberland for his mother was of the family of the Earls of Warren as appears by the Book of Brinkburn-Abbey Within a few years after Richard the first sold this County to Hugh Pudsey Bishop of Durham for life but when that King was imprison'd by the Emperour in his return from the Holy War and Hugh advanc'd only two thousand pounds in silver towards his ransom Lib. Dunelm the King took this slender contribution so ill knowing that under colour of this ransom he had rais'd vast sums that he depriv'd him of the Earldom At present that Honour is enjoy'd by the family of the Percies Percies descended from Charles the Great who being descended from the Earls of Brabant got the sirname and inheritance of the Percies together which was done by the true Off-spring of Charles the Great by Gerberg daughter to Charles younger brother of Lotharius the last King of France of the Caroline stock Josceline younger son of Godfrey Duke of Brabant who marry'd Agnes daughter and sole heir of William Percie This William's great grandfather call'd also William Percie came into England with William the Conquerour who bestow'd on him lands in Tatcaster Linton Normanby and other places This Agnes covenanted with Josceline that he should take upon him the name of Percie but should still retain the ancient Arms of Brabant which were a Lion Azure chang'd afterwards by the Brabanters in a Field Or. The first of this family that was made Earl of Northumberland was Henry Percie the son of Mary daughter of Henry Earl of Lancaster This Noble-man signaliz'd his valour in the wars under Edward the third and was by him rewarded with large Possessions in Scotland He was very much enrich'd by his second wife Matilda Lucy who oblig'd him to bear the Arms of the Lucies and by Richard the second was created Earl of Northumberland His behaviour was very ungrateful to this his great Benefactor for he deserted him in his straits and help'd Henry the fourth to the Crown He had the Isle of Man bestow'd on him by this King 11 Who also made him Constable of England against whom he also rebell'd being prick'd in Conscience at the unjust deposing of King Richard and vex'd at the close confinement of the undoubted Heir of the Crown Edmund Mortimer Earl of March his kinsman 12 Grievously complaining and charging him King Henry with Perjury That whereas he had solemnly sworn to him and others that he would not challenge the Crown but only his own Inheritance and that King Richard should be govern'd during his life by the good Advice of the Peers of the Realm he to the contrary had by imprisonment and terrour of death enforc'd him to resign his Crown and usurp'd the same by the concurrence of his faction horribly murdering the said King and defrauding Edward Mortimer Earl of March of his lawful right to the Crown whom he had suffer'd to languish long in prison under Owen Glendowr reputing those Traytors who with their own money had procur'd his enlargement Hereupon he first sent some Forces against him under the command of his brother Thomas Earl of Worcester and his own forward son Henry sirnam'd Whot-spur who were both slain in the battel at Shrewsbury Upon this he was attainted of High-Treason but presently receiv'd again into the seeming favour of the King who indeed stood in awe of him He had also his estate and goods restor'd him except only the Isle of Man which the King took back into his own hand Yet not long after the popular and heady man again proclaim'd war against the King as an Usurper having call'd in the Scots to his assistance And now leading on the Rebels in person he was surpriz'd by Thomas Rokesby High-Sheriff of York shire at Barham-moor where in a confused skirmish his Army was routed and himself slain in the year 1408. Eleven years after Henry the fifth by Act of Parliament restor'd the Honour to Henry Percie his Grandchild by his son Henry Whotspurre whose mother was Elizabeth the daughter of Edmund Mortimer the elder Earl of March by Philippa the daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence This Earl stoutly espoused the interest of Henry the sixth against the House of York and was slain in the Battel of St Albans His son Henry the third Earl of Northumberland who married Eleanor the daughter of Richard Baron of Poynings Brian and Fitz-Paine lost his life in the same quarrel at Towton in the year 1461. When the House of Lancaster and with it the Family of the Percies was now under a cloud King Edward the fourth created John Nevis Lord Montacute Earl of Northumberland but he quickly resign'd that Title being made
of S. Patrick l. 2. rerum Anglicarum cap 26. and well supplied with fish from the river as it runs into the sea here famous for trade and for those sweet plains oaky woods and fine parks so entertaining about it Thus also William of Newborow Divelin a maritime City is the metropolis of Ireland it enjoys the benefit of a famous harbor and for trade and concourse of merchants rivals London It s situation is particularly pleasant and wholsome having hills on the south plains on the west and sea just the by it on the east and and the river Liffy on the north where ships ride safely Upon the river there are Kaies as we call them or certain works made to break the violence of the water For Caiare among the ancients signified to restrain Ad Auson lib. â— c. 22. check or hinder as the most learned Scaliger has observed Here the City wall well built of free stone begins fortified on the south with rampiers it has six gates which open into large suburbs on all sides The access on the south is by Dammes-gate near which stands the King's castle upon a rising well fortified with ditches and towers and provided with a good Arsenal built by Henry Loundres the Archbishop about the year 1220. In that suburb on the east side near St. Andrew's Church Henry the second King of England as Hoveden says caused a royal palace 22 Or rather banqueting-house to be built of smooth wattles very curious after the manner of this Country and here with the Kings and Princes of Ireland he kept a Chrstmas-day in great solemnity Over against it stands a fine College on the same spot where Alhallows Allhallows Monastery heretofore stood dedicated to the Indivisible and Holy Trinity endow'd with the privileges of an University by Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory Univâ—rsity b gun and foundâ—d in 1591 May 13. S ud n s â—dmiâ—ted in the year 1593. for the education of youth and lately furnished with a good Library which gives no small hopes that Religion and Learning will after a long exile return to Ireland formerly the seat of the Muses to which foreigners resorted as to the great Mart of liberal arts and sciences 1320. L. MS. of Baron Houth In the reign of Edward the second Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin having obtained from the Pope the privileges of an University for this place and instituted publick Lectures first began to recall them but this laudable design was broken by the turbulent times that followed The north gate opens towards the bridge which is arched and built of * F. vivo Saxo. free stone by King John who joyned Oustman-town to the City For here the Oustmanni which Giraldus says came from Norway and those Northern Islands setled according to our Histories about the year 1050. In this suburbs stood formerly the famous Church of S. Mary de Oustmanby for so 't is call'd in King John's Charter and also a House of Black Friers whither the King's Courts of Judicature were lately transferr'd On the west part of Dublin there are two gates Ormonds-gate and Newgate which is the common Gaol both leading to the longest suburb of this City named St. Thomas where stands also a noble Abbey of the same name called Thomas Court Thomas Court founded and endowed with large revenues by King Henry the second to expiate for the death of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury On the south we enter by S. Paul's gate and that call'd S. Nicholas opening into S. Patrick's suburb where stands the Palace of the Archbishop known by the name of S. Sepulcher with a stately Church dedicated to S. Patrick very fine within for its stone pavements and arch'd roof and without for its high steeple 'T is uncertain when this Church was first built but that Gregory King of Scots about the year 890 came in pilgrimage to it is plain from the Scotch history Afterwards it was much enlarged by King John and made a Church of Prebends by John Comy Archbishop of Dublin which was confirmed by Coelestine the third Bishop of Rome in the year 1191. After that again Henry Loundres his successor in this See of Dublin augmented the dignities of the Parsonages Pâ—rsonatuum as the words of the founder are and made it conformable to the immunities orders and customs of the Church of Salisbury At present it consists of a Dean a Chanter a Chancellor a Treasurer two Archdeacons and twenty two Prebendaries Stat. Parl. 18 Hen. 8. c. 15. the only light and lamp not to conceal a very noble Character which a Parliament of this Kingdom gave it of all pious and Ecclesiastical discipline and order in Ireland Here is also another Cathedral Church in the very heart of the City dedicated to the Holy Trinity but commonly call'd Christ's Temple Concerning it's foundation we have this passage in the Archives of that Church Sitric King of Dublin son of Ableb Count of Dublin gave a piece of ground to the Holy Trinity and to Donatus the first Bishop of Dublin to build a Church on in honour of the Holy Trinity and not only that but gold and silver also sufficient for that design and to finish the whole * Curâ—â— Church-yard This was done about the year 1012 at which time Lancarvanensis affirms that Sitric son of Abloie so he calls him flourished The work was begun by Donatus but carry'd on and finish'd by Laurence Archbishop of Dublin Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke commonly call'd Comes Striguliae whose tomb repair'd by 23 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy is to be seen here Robert Fitz-Stephens and Reimond Fitz-Girald On the south side of the Church stands the Town-hall built of square stone and call'd Tolestale Tolâ—stalâ— where Causes are try'd before the Mayor and where sessions and publick meeting of the Citizens are often held The City enjoys many privileges Formerly it was govern'd in chief by a Provost but in the year 1409 King Henry the fourth gave them the privilege of choosing every year a Mayor with two Bailiffs and of carrying a guilt sword before him Afterward King Edward the sixth changed these Bailiffs into Sheriffs There is nothing wanting to the grandeur and happiness of this City but the removal of those heaps of sand that by the flux and reflux of the sea are wash'd up into the mouth of the river Liffy and hinder great ships from coming up but at high water Thus much for Dublin the account whereof I confess to be mostly owing to the diligence and knowledge of James Usher Chancellor of S. Patricks whose variety of Learning and soundness of Judgment are infinitely beyond his years As for Robert Vere earl of Oxford whom Richard the second who was profuse in bestowing titles of honour made Marquiss of Dublin Maâ—qâ—â—â—â— of Dubâ—â—â— and afterwards Duke of Ireland I have took notice of him before and need not report it here
at this day Garnsey Garnsey perhaps Granonâ— by transposal of letters which the Notitia mentions in Armorica running from east to west in the form of a harp but much inferior to the Caesarea aforesaid both in extent and fruitfulness for it has only 10 parishes Yet in this respect that nothing venomous will live here 't is to be preferr'd to the other Nature has also fortified it much better being fenced quite round with a ridge of steep rocks among which is found smyris a very hard sharp stone which we call Emeril wherewith Lapidaries polish and shape jewels and Glaziers cut glass This Island has also a better haven and greater concourse of Merchants For almost in the farthest point eastward but on the south side the shore falls in like a half moon and thereby makes a bay capable of receiving very large ships Upon which stands S. Peter a little town consisting of one long and narrow street which has a good magazine and is throng'd with merchants upon the breaking out of any war For by an ancient priviledge of the Kings of England this place enjoys a kind of perpetual truce so that in times of war the French or any others may come hither without danger and trade with their commodities The mouth of the haven which is pretty well set with rocks is defended by a castle on each side on the left by an old castle and on the right by another they call the Cornet standing just opposite upon a high rock and encompassed by the sea when the tide is in This in Queen Mary's time was repaired by Sir Leonard Chamberlan Kt. and Governor of the Island and has been since strengthen'd with new works by Thomas Leighton his successor 5 Under Queen Elizabeth Here lives generally the Governor of the Island with a garison to defend it who suffer neither French-men nor women to enter upon any pretence whatsoever On the north-side joins La Val a Peninsula which had a Priory or Convent in it In the west part near the sea there is a lake of a mile and a half in compass well stored with fish Carp especially which for size and taste are very much commended The Inhabitants are not so industrious in improving their grounds as the people of Jersey but yet they follow navigation and commerce for a more uncertain gain with much toil and application Every man here takes care to till his own land by himself only so that the whole Island is enclosure which is not only of great profit to them but secures them against a common enemy Both Islands are adorned with many gardens and orchards so that they generally use a wine made of * Pyris Apples which some call Sisera we Cydre The Inhabitants of both are originally either Normans or Britains but they speak French Yet they will not suffer themselves to be thought or called French without disdain and willingly hear themselves counted English Both Islands use Uraic for fewel or else sea-coal from England They enjoy great plenty of fish and have both of them the same form of government These with other Islands hereabouts belonged formerly to Normandy but after Henry the first King of England had defeated his brother Robert in the year 1108 he annexed Normandy and these Islands to the Crown of England From that time they have stedfastly adhered to England even at that juncture wherein King John was found guilty of the death of his nephew and by judgment thereupon was deprived of all Normandy which he held of the King of France and the whole Province revolted from him As also after that when King Henry the third sold his title to Normandy for a sum of money From that moment they have to their great honour continued firm in their allegiance to England and are all of William the Conqueror's inheritance and the Dukedom of Normandy that now remains in this Crown and that notwithstanding several attempts made upon them by the French who for this long time have hardly cast their eyes upon them from their own coast without envy 6 Aâ—d verily Evan a Welsh Gâ—ntleman descended from the Princes of Wales and serving the French King surprised Garnsey in the time of K ng Edward the thiâ—â— but soon lost it In Edward the 4th's reign it appears by the Records of the Kingdom that they got possession of Guernsey but were soon beat out again by the valour of Richard Harleston Valect of the Crown as they term'd them in those days for which the King rewarded him with the government of both the Island and the Castle Fâ—anciâ—a 16. Edw 4. Again likewise in the year 1549 the King being in minority and the Kingdom embroiled with civil wars Leo Strozzi commander of the French Galleys invaded this Isle but was repulsed with great loss and so this design vanished As for the Ecclesiastical State here they continued under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Constance in Normandy till within the memory of this age when he refused to abjure the Pope's authority in England as our Bishops had done From that time they were taken from the Diocess of Constance by Queen Elizabeth and laid to the Diocess of Winchester so that the Bishop of Winchester and his successors may exercise all the offices that pertain to an Episcopal Jurisdiction herein Yet their Church Discipline is according to that of Geneva introduced here by the French Ministers As for the Civil Customs of these Islands some of them are to be found in the Records of the Tower namely That King John instituted twelve Coroners upon oath to keep the rights and hold the pleas belonging to the Crown and granted for the security of the Islanders that their Bailiffs hence-forward * Per Visum by advice of the Coroners might plead without writ of Novel Disscisin made within the year without writ of Mordancaster within the year or brief De Dower likewise c. That the Jurors shall not defer their sentence in any cause above a year and that they shall be respected in Customs and other things as subjects born and not as foreigners Cl. 25 E. 3 An. 9. Ed. 3. But I leave these matters to such as may perhaps search more nicely into the detail of them observing only that the Customs of Normandy hold here in most cases Serke a small Island lying between these two Serk and fenced round with steep rocks lay desolate till J. de S. Owen of Jarsey the antiquity of whose family some I know not upon what authority assert to be above the times of S. Owen planted a Colony here upon a commission from Queen Elizabeth and other aims of private profit as the report goes As for Jethow Jethow which serveth the Governor instead of a Park to feed cattle and to keep deer rabbets and pheasants and Arme Arme. which is larger than Jethow and was first a solitary place for Franciscans these I say
There are divers other of his Coins but differing only in the names of the Mint-masters seem not worthy to be inserted The nineteenth seems however the faces unlike in their Coins to have been of the same person The reverse seems to be Moneta Uulf-fard not known The twentieth is of Adulf or Aldulf King of the East-Angles son of Ethelwald's brother a very worthy and pious Prince as appears by the reverse a great friend to venerable Bede What Prisin means I know not The reverse is remarkable because his name is otherwise spell'd than upon the Coins The one and twentieth is St. Edmond King of the East-Angles crowned at fourteen years old at Buers against his will a very pious valiant and hopeful Prince In the year 871. his kingdom was invaded by the Danes against whom most valiantly fighting at Theotford his army was routed himself taken and shot to death with arrows Neither this nor the two following seem to have been Coined by him but as I conceive by some of the West-Saxon Edmunds who were all very much devoted to this holy martyr tho' they may also denote king Alfred The reverse seems to be of the Mint-master The reverse of the two and twentieth Oda Moneta the place I understand not Of the three and twentieth Jomam me fecit signifies that Jomam was the Mint-master Me fecit is common upon the Coins of the Franks in Gallia The twenty fourth Aethelred Rex Anglorum seems not to have been one of the West-Saxons the first of whom is commonly written Aethered the second is neither in countenance nor habit like this There are mentioned in our Histories an Aethelred successor to his brother Wulfred in Mercia another the son of Mollo another of Eandred of whom we have already spoken He is said to have married Leofrun mother to Ethelbert murthered by Offa and to have reigned fifty years little besides is known of him The reverse seems to be a devout acknowledgment of his being sustained by the hand of Almighty God who is Alpha and Omega Who Holizard was not known This seems coined at Norwich The twenty fifth is like unto this reverse on both sides but of what Prince unknown it is read Tuna moneta Eaxceaster as I conceive I cannot make sense of the Reverse The twenty sixth seems to be Sigfrid Moneta a King of the East-Saxons called also Suuefred and denominated Sigfrid the good He makes no great figure in our Annals It is not usual to add Moneta to the King's name Concerning Euura I can find nothing The twenty seventh seems to have been King of the East-Saxons son of Siger a very comely and virtuous person and exceedingly beloved of his people Yet devotion prevailing after a short reign he with Kenred King of Mercia went to Rome in the time of Pope Constantine and there retired into a Monastery Ibba on the reverse seems some Noble man The twenty eighth Edmund Rex seems to have been one of the West-Saxon Edmunds The reverse may be Edmund Martyr The twenty ninth I do not understand The thirtieth for which of the Athelstans I know not as neither the reverse The thirty first Eunaa Rex I cannot find any such name in all our Histories The reverse seems to mention Oxford The thirty second I cannot find any mention of Heareth and Herred The thirty third is imperfect The thirty fourth seems not to be Aelfred the West-Saxon because the name is spel'd otherwise Ounig is also unknown The thirty fifth is to me unknown Saxon Coins TAB VI. TO the first there were two Ethelweards one of the South the other of the West-Saxons this seems to be of the latter In some writers he is called Ethelheardus Little remembred of him besides that when King Ina went to Rome Anno 728 he assumed the government of the Kingdom and fought a battle with Prince Oswald with what success not mentioned He is said to have governed fourteen years On the reverse is Edmund with a ligature of several letters which cannot stand for St. Edmund the Martyr which happened not till Anno 870. After which time there was none except Ethelbert the son of Aetheluulf but he also before the Martyrdom of St. Edmund I rather think that cypher to signifie some mark of the Monetarius Tabula VI. Nummi Saxonici Page cxxxix The third Beormerick by Speed called Brithric for of that other name we find no mention in histories was King of the West-Saxons and succeeded Coenuulf In the third year of his reign was the first appearance of the Pirats upon these coasts Pirats I call them because they were not owned by any Sovereign Prince till long after but were a confluence of all sorts of thieves who by spoil and robbery arrived to much wealth and the confidence to erect a kind of Community or Republick at a strong town now called Wollin in Pomerania whence they went out to rob and laid up their prey there Brihtrick banished Ecgberht fearing both the goodness of his title and his great abilities yet dying childless he left the Kingdom to him An. 800. He was poysoned by his wife the wicked Eadburga by chance tasting of a Cup she had prepared for one of his favorites Upon his death she fled with all her treasures into France when coming to Charles the Great he asked her whom she desired to marry himself or his son there present She foolishly answered that if it were in her choice she would marry his son because he was the younger Whereupon the Emperor told her that if she had chosen himself she should have married his son but now that she should retire to such a monastery Whence also for her incontinency she was shortly turned out and died begging The fourth Ecgberht partly by conquest partly by the submission of other Kingdoms united all into one dominion calling it England because as it is said himself the King of the West Saxons was an Angle It seems that Almighty God saw it necessary for resisting the violence of the heathenish Pirats to unite the intire force of all the Nation yet little enough to defend themselves He was a Prince though but of small stature extraordinary both for wisdom and valour for being banished by Brithric he applied himself to Charles the Great who bestowed upon him a considerable post in his Army And he was signally blessed with a numerous succession of most worthy Princes of his family and blood which indeed was necessary for the preservation of the Nation its peace and unity The fifth Cenedryd Regina some suppose to have been wife to the great Offa the Mercian and to have reigned after his death and that Eopa was one of her chief Ministers But she rather seems to have been the eldest daughter of Kenuulf the Mercian to whom also he left the care of Kenelm his son whom out of ambition she caus'd to be murthered by his Educator After his death she reigned some time and perhaps might be married to some
honourable terms after his powder was spent having slain above 1000 of the Spaniards and sunk 4 of their greatest vessels This family hath since been honour'd with the titles of Baron of Bediford Viscount Lansdown and Earl of Bath Upon the sea-coast towards the north is Braunton â—raunton where many hundred acres of land are overflown by the sands and the place from them called Santon Tall Trees some of 30 foot in length have been digg'd up here â—art To a place not far off nam'd Mort Sir William Tracye one of the murtherers of Thomas Becket A. B. of Canterbury retir'd 23 years after the fact which refutes the vulgar Chronicles relating that all concern'd in that murder dy'd miserably within 3 years after z To the north-east from hence is Ilfarcombe â—farcombe remarkable for the lights here kept for the direction of ships but much more for Mr. Camden's being Prebendary hereof which preferment belonging to the Church of Salisbury might then be enjoy'd by Lay-men aa Farther up on the coast lies Comb-Martin â—omb-â—artin the first branch whereof is observ'd by our Author to flow from the British Kum The second is added from Martin de Tours a Norman Lord who had great possessions here in the time of Henry 1. The silver mines were first discover'd here in Edward the first 's days when 337 men were brought from the Peake in Derbyshire to work there In the reign of K. Edward 3. it yielded that King great profits towards carrying on the French war After they had been long neglected they were re-enter'd in Q. Elizabeth's time who presented a Cup here made to the then Earl of Bathe with this Inscription In Martyn's combe I long lay hid Obscure depress'd with grosser soyl Debased much with mixed lead Till Bulmer came whose skill and toyl Reformed me so pure and clean As richer no where else is seen These silver-mines are again now wrought in with great expectation bb South-east from hence is Bampton Bampton which brought forth John de Bampton in the time of K Henry 6. a Carmelite Monk and a learned man who first read Aristotle publickly in the University of Cambridge where he commenc'd Doctor and writ divers Books Continuation of the EARLS After the death of Charles Blunt An. 1606. King James in the 16th year of his reign created William Lord Cavendish of Hardwick Earl of Devonshire whose son and grandchild both Williams successively enjoy'd that dignity and his great grandson of the same name succeeded them who is now created Marquess of Hartington and Duke of Devonshire More rare Plants growing wild in Devonshire Avena nuda Ger. J.B. C. B. Park Naked Oats or Pillis This by report is sown in some places of this County as well as in Cornwall C. Alsine spuria pusilla repens follis Saxifragae aurex Small round-leaved creeping bastard chickweed This is no less frequent in this County than in Cornwall on the like watery banks Ascyrum supinum villosum palustre Marsh round-leaved S. Peter's wort On moist boggy grounds and about shallow pools of water See the Synonyma in Cornwall C. Campanula Cymbalariae foliis Ivy-leaved Bell-flower No less common in this County than in Cornwall in the like places Eryngium vulgare J. B. vulgare Camerarii C. B. mediterraneum Ger. mediterraneum sive campestre Park On the rock which you descend to the Ferrey from Plimouth over into Cornwall This plant probably groweth not wild any where in England save here near Daventry in Northamptonshire and on the shore call'd Friar-goose near Newcastle upon Tine Gramen junceum maritimum exile Plimostii Park p. 1271. Small sea Rush-grass of Plimouth Near Plimouth on the wet grounds Juncus acutus maritimus capitulis rotundis C. B. acutus maritimus alter Park Sea-rush with globular heads Found by Mr. Stephens in Braunton boroughs in this County Lichen seu muscus marinus variegatus Fungus auricularis Caesalpini J.B. Fucus maritimus Gallo-pavonis pennas referens C.B. The Turkeys feather Found by the same Mr. Stephens on the rocks near Exmouth plentifully Lamium montanum Melissae folio C. B. Melissa Fuchsii Ger. Melissophyllon Fuchsii Park Melissa adulterina quorundam amplis foliis floribus non grati odoris J.B. Baulm-leaved Archangel Bastard-Baulm In many woods in this County and particularly near Totnes This is the Plant I suppose that the Authors of Phytologia Britannica meant by Melissa Moldavica which they say grew in Mr. Champernon's wood by his house on the hill side near Totnes For Melissa Moldavica is a plant so far from growing wild with us that it continueth not long in gardens self-sown Rubia sylvestris Park sylv aspera quae sylvestris Dioscoridis C.B. sylvestris Monspessulana major J.B. nonnullis Rubia hexaphyllos Wild Madder It grows on the rocks near the bridge at Bediford and all along the hedges on both sides the way between Westly and Bediford and in many other places of this County DUROTRIGES NEXT to the Danmonii Eastward Ptolemy in his Geographical Tables has plac'd the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as he stiles them in Greek who in Latin Copies are written Durotriges The very same people whom the Britains about the year of our Lord 890. call d Dwr-Gwyr according to Asserius Menevensis my author who liv'd at that time and was a Britain by birth The Saxons call'd them Dor settan as we at this day the County of Dorset and Dorsetshire The name of Durotriges which is ancient and purely British seems very probably to be deriv'd from Dour or Dwr Dwr what which in the British tongue signifies Water and Trig which signifies an Inhabitant as if one should say Dwellers by the Water or Sea-side Nor can there be any other Etymology of those places names in ancient Gaul where formerly the same language with that of Britain was spoken that begin or end with Dur or Dour such as Durocases Durocottorum Duranius Dordonia Durolorum Doromellum Divodurum Breviodurum Batavodurum Ganodurum Octodurum and many other such as well in Gaul as Britain But the Saxon word Dor-setta is partly British Setta what partly English and of the same importance and signification as Durotriges for Settan amongst our Ancestors as well as other Germans did signifie to inhabit or dwell upon Thus we find the mountaineers call'd in their language Dun-settan those that dwell upon the Chiltern-hills Cyltern-settan and those that border upon the river Arow Arow-settan as the Germans call those who dwell among the woods Holt-satten from inhabiting the Woods Nor did the Britains lose the sense of the ancient name when they call'd the Durotriges of whom I now discourse Dwr-Gweir that is Dwellers on the sea-coast for their country for a long way about 50 miles together fronts the British Ocean and lies stretch'd out from East to West with a very oblique shore full of turnings and windings DORSETSHIRE THE County of Dorset is bounded on the North by Somersetshire and Wiltshire on the
North-Cadbury which our Author tells us came into the family of the Botereauxs by the marriage of Isabella daughter of John de Moels It continu'd in the said family till the death of William the late Lord Botereaux who dying 2 Ed. 4. without issue-male this Lordship with a very great inheritance descended to Margaret his daughter and sole heir marry'd to Robert Lord Hungerford from whom it descended to Mary Lady Hungerford their great Grand-daughter who was marry'd to Edward Lord Hastings and Hungerford father to George the first of that sirname Earl of Huntingdon in which family it continu'd to the reign of James 1. that Sir Francis Hastings younger son to Francis Earl of Huntingdon being possess'd of the same and having no children did alienate it e Ivel continuing it's course towards the sea joyns with the river Parret which a little more northward is encreas d by the Thone Near the head of this stands Orchard Orchard formerly the inheritance of the Portmans But now that family being extinct in the late Sir William Portman he has left it to his Cousin-german by the mother's side Mr. Henry Seymour who now enjoys it and has his residence there ee Upon the Parret stands Bridgwater Earls of Bâ—idgewater the Earl whereof Henry Daubeny dying without issue-male this title lay dead till the 15 of Jac. 1. when it was conferr'd upon John Egerton Baron of Ellesmere Viscount Brackley and son to the Lord Chancellor Egerton He was succeeded by his son John and this John by a son of the same name f From hence let us go along with Mr. Camden north-west to Glassenbury Glassenbury where amongst other curiosities he mentions the budding of a Hawthorn-tree on Christmas-day The tree has been cut down these many years yet there are some still growing in the County from branches of that as particularly one in the garden of William Stroud Esq possessor of the ground where the other stood another in the garden of the White-hart Inn in Glassenbury g Farther northward are Mendippe-hills Mendippe-hills famous for the lead-mines free for any English-man to work in except he has forfeited his right by stealing any of the oar or tools of the others And their law or custom in that case is very remarkable The Groviers for so the Miners are call'd as the pits they sink are call'd Groves living at some distance leave their tools and the oar they have got sometimes open upon the hill or at best shut up in a slight hutt Whoever amongst them steals any thing and is found guilty is thus punish'd He 's shut up in a hutt and then dry fearn furzes and such other combustible matter is put round it and fire set to it When 't is on fire the Criminal who has his hands and feet at liberty may with them if he can break down his hutt and making himself a passage out of it get free and be gone but must never come to work or have to do any more on the hill This they call Burning of the hill There is lead also dug on Broadwell-down Broad-well and other parts thereabouts lying between Wrinton and Backwell About the west-end of Mendippe-hills is found plenty of Lapis Calaminaris lying near the surface of the earth This calcin'd and mix'd with copper makes brass Here are also some veins of Magnesia or Mangonesse and of Yellow Oker h In those hills is Ochie-hole otherwise call'd Wockey-hole Wockie-hole which latter is certainly the right coming from Æ¿oc which does not imply any hollowness as †Notes upon Polyolb p. 53. Selden would have it for that is express'd by hole but signifies crooked or as he also observes creeky not but that Æ¿oc might come from the British Ogo so that Camden's conjecture may be pertinent enough The inhabitants have broach'd strange and extravagant fables concerning this cave passing by those as impertinent the place is in it self so remarkable as very well to deserve our notice From a very narrow entrance it opens into a large vault the roof whereof either for it's height or the thickness of the air they who go in cannot discover by the light of candles they carry with them After having clamber'd over several rough and unequal passages amongst the moist rocks you come at last to a stream of very clear cold water In several places of this Cave one may see that the droppings of water encrease the rock and turn into stone in some places hanging down like icicles i Amongst those hills is Chuton Chuton famous for the seat of William Bonvill who lies interr'd with his Lady in the Chancel at Chuton It is now the Mannour as well as title of the present Lord Waldgrave whose father by K. James 2. was created Baron Waldgrave of Chuton Towards the north is Chue Magna or Bishops-Chue Chue Magna or Bishops Chue where is dug up a red bolus call'd by the country-people Reding from thence distributed all over England for the marking of sheep and such other uses it is also often us'd by Apothecaries instead of Bolus Armenus A mile east from Chue-Magna on the south-side of the river Chue lies Stanton-Drew Stanton-drew * Aubr MS. where is to be seen a monument of stones like those of Stone-henge in Wiltshire but these being not altogether so big as the Stone-henge ones nor standing in so clear a plain the hedges and trees mix'd amongst them have made them less taken notice of Two miles south of Stanton Drew at Stowey Stowey on the side of the hill above the Church rises a large spring that is never dry The water coming from thence as it runs down through Stowey covers the things it meets in it's way with a stony crust This effect it has not in the very source nor within 20 yards where it rises the place where it works most is about forty or fifty yards from the rising at a fall higher than a man's head There it sheaths every thing with stony cases and makes the sides of the bank hard rock and from thence all along it's stream it covers sticks c. with a crust See a larger description of it in a letter from Mr. Lock inserted in Boyle's Hist of the Air pag. 140. k Returning southward over Mendippe hills we meet with Wells Wells where our Author tells us was a Bishop's seat till John de Villula in the time of King Hen. 1. removing it to Bath the Bishops were call'd Bishops of Bathe and Wells But it is observable that almost 200 years after John the Bishops were only call'd Bishops of Bathe and sometimes of Glaston but not of Wells So that our Author affirming afterwards when he comes to Bathe that this John did retinere Wellensis Episcopi nomen i.e. still keep the title of Bishop of Wells must needs be in a vulgar error For Bishop Godwin in his English Tract of the Bishops expresly says that he
their weapons might be examin'd unexpectedly came a Mandate from the King that the cause should not then be decided lest the King should lose his right In the mean time they compounded the Earl agreeing to surrender up all his right in the castle to the Bishop and his successors for ever upon the receit of 2500 Marks aa â—â—rls of â—lisbury Salisbury had Earls very early whose pedigree I will not only draw faithfully but i They may be carry'd yet higher for Knighton stiles Edric Duke of Mercia Earl of Salisbury higher also out of the history of Lacock â—istory of â—â—cock Walter de Euereux Earl of Rosmar in Normandy had by the munificence of William the Conqueror very large possessions in this shire which he bequeathed to his younger son Edward sirnamed of Salisbury who was born in England leaving his other lands in Normandy with the title of Earl of Rosmar to k The eldest son of this Walter that succeeded him in the Earldom was called Gerold Walter his eldest son whose line not long after failed This Edward of Salisbury was very eminent in the twentieth year of William the Conqueror and is often mention'd in Domesday book but without the title of Earl His son Walter founded a small monastery at Bradenstok and there in his old age after he had got a son call'd Patric who was the first Earl of Salisbury by Sibilla de Cadurcis or Chaworth assum'd the habit of a black Canon This Patric the first Earl was slain by Guy of Lusignian A. D. 1169. in his return from a pilgrimage to S. James of Compostella and was succeeded by his son William who died at Paris in the reign of Richard 1. Ela his only daughter by the favour of the said K. Richard was married to William Longspee so sirnamed from the long sword he usually wore who was a natural son of K. Henry 2. to whom upon this marriage with Ela accrued the title of Earl â—â—â—s of the 〈◊〉 of Saâ— and her Coat of Arms viz. Az. 6 Lioncells Rampant Or. His son was also called William Longspee with whom Henry 3. being offended because being signed with the Cross he went to the Holy War without his leave took from him the title of Earl and castle of Sarum He notwithstanding being resolv'd on his design went into Egypt with S. Lewis King of France â—h Paâ— 973. â—051 and fighting valiantly in the midst of his enemies near Damiata which the Christians had taken died in the bed of honour not long before that holy King was unfortunately made prisoner He had a son call'd also William who did not enjoy the title of Earl and had only one daughter named Margaret â—â—â—g â— p. â—4 who was notwithstanding call'd Countess of Salisbury and married to Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln by whom she had but one daughter viz. Alice the wife of Thomas Earl of Lancaster who being outlawed K. Edw. 2. seized upon the lands which she had made over to her husband some of which viz. Troubridge Winterbourn Ambresbury and other manours King Edw. 3. gave to William de Montacute in as full and ample manner as ever the Predecessors of Margaret Countess of Sarum held them â—ds of Patent And at the same time he made the said William de Montacute Earl of Sarum and by the girding on of a sword the said Earldom was invested in him and his heirs for ever This William was King of the Isle of Man and had two sons William who succeeded his father in his honours and died without issue 22 Having unhappily slain his own Son while he train'd him at tilting and John a Knight who died before his brother leaving by Margaret his wife daughter and heiress of Thomas de Monthermer John Earl of Salisbury * De monte Hermerti who being a time-server and conspiring against King Henry 4. was slain at l It should be Cirencester in Comitar Glocestr Chichester A.D. 1400 and afterwards attainted of High Treason Notwithstanding which his son Thomas was restored to his blood and estate one of the greatest Generals of his age whether we consider his pains in all matters of moment his unwearied constancy in all undertakings and his quickness in putting his designs in execution who whilst he besieged Orleans in France was wounded by a Dart from a * è tormento majori Balist of which he died A. D. 1428. Alice his only daughter was married to Richard Nevil Pat. 20 Hen. 6. 1461. to whom she brought the title of Earl of Sarum who following the York-party was taken Prisoner in a battel at Wakefield and beheaded he was succeeded by Richard his son Earl of Warwick and Salisbury who taking delight in dangers engaged his Country in a fresh Civil War in which he lost his own life Isabella one of his daughters married George Duke of Clarence brother to K. Edw. 4. by whom he had a son call'd Edward 23 Earl of Warwick who was unjustly beheaded in his childhood by K. Henry 7. and his sister Margaret to whom the title of Countess of Salisbury was restor'd 24 By Henry 8. in a full Parliament about the fifth year of his reign suffer'd the same fate at 70 years of age by the command of Henry 8. For it is an usual practice among Princes to put to death or perpetually to imprison their kindred upon slight surmizes which are never wanting that they and their posterity may be the better established in the Throne Ann the other daughter of Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick and Salisbury was wife to Richard 3 25 Duke of Glocester and Brother to K. Edw. 4. to whom after she had born Edward * Whom his Unkle K. Edward in the 17th of his reign created Earl of Salisbury and Richard his father usurping the Kingdom made c. Prince of Wales who dy'd young she her self dy'd not without suspicion of poyson From that time this honorary title ceased until A. D. 1605. the most potent K. James dignify'd therewith Robert Cecil second son to our Nestor Wil. Cecil for his prudence and good service to his King and Country whom as I have said he had before honour'd with the titles of Baron Cecil of Essenden and Viscount Cranburn for his great merits and industry in promoting the good of the Kingdom So much concerning the Earls of Salisbury bb Below this City upon the Avon is seated Duncton Duncton or Donketon which is reported to be a very ancient Corporation Bogo commonly Beavois and famous for the seat of Beavois of Southampton who for his valour much celebrated by the Bards is commonly accounted one of the great Worthies Salisbury is every way encompass'd with the open plains unless it be toward the east Clarendon on which side it hath the neighbourhood of the large Park of Clarendon very commodious for keeping and breeding Deer and once beautified with a royal palace
about the year of Christ 1183. Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury by an exchange with the Bishop of Rochester got a mannour in this place wherein he began a palace for him and his successors and this by little and little was enlarg'd But when the Archbishops began to have thoughts of building a small Collegiate Church here Good God what numbers of Appeals were packt to Rome by the Monks of Canterbury and what thundrings threatnings and censures were level'd by the Pope against the Archbishops For the Monks were jealous that this might prove an encroachment upon their Privileges and deprive them of their right to elect the Archbishop Nor could these disturbances be quieted till the little Church they had began was at the instance of the Monks levell'd with the ground Near to this is the most famous mart-town of all the County call'd at this day the Burrough of Southwork in Saxon Suþƿerke Southâ— i.e. a work or building to the south situated so to the south over against London as that it seems to be a sort of suburbs to it but yet so large is it and populous that it may vie with most Cities in England being as it were a Corporation of it self Within the memory of our fathers it had it 's own Bailifs but in the reign of Edward 6. it was annext to the City of London and is at this day reckon'd a branch of it For which reason we will defer the further examination of this place till we come to London Beneath this the Thames leaves Surrey the eastbound whereof runs down in a direct line to the south almost by Lagham which in the reign of Edward 1. had it's Parlamentary Barons Barons S. John 〈◊〉 Lagâ—â—â— call d S. John de Lagham whose estate came at last to J. Leodiard by a daughter and heiress Somewhat lower almost in the very corner where it takes a view both of Sussex and Kent is Sterborrow-castle formerly the seat of the Lords de Cobham who from this place were nam'd de Sterborrow Sterborrâ— and descending from John de Cobham Lord of Cobham and Couling and the daughter of Hugh Nevil flourish'd a long time together in great splendour and reputation For Reginald in the reign of Edward 3. was made Knight of the Garter and Admiral of the Sea-coasts from the Thames mouth Westward But Thomas the last of them marrying Anne daughter to 15 Humphry Duke the Duke of Buckingham had by her one only daughter Anne marry'd to Edward Burgh descended from the Percies and Earls of Athol His son Thomas was created Baron Burgh by K. Henry 8. and left a son William father to Thomas Barons â—rough 〈◊〉 Burgh who was a great encourager of Learning Governour of Briel made by Queen Elizabeth Knight of the Garter and Lord Deputy of Ireland where he expos'd himself to death in defence of his country As to Eleanor Cobham of this family wife to Humphrey Duke of Glocester whose reputation was something tainted I refer you to the English Histories We must now reckon up the Earls Earls 〈◊〉 Surreâ— who were 〈◊〉 call'd 〈◊〉 of Wâ—â— Arms 〈◊〉 Earls 〈◊〉 Warrâ—â— William Rufus King of England first made William de Warren Governour of Surrey 16 Who had marry'd his Sister under the honorary title of Earl whose Arms were Checky Or and azure For in his Foundation-Charter of the Priory of Lewis we read thus I have given c. for the good of my master K. William who brought me over into England and for the good of my Lady Queen Mawd my wife's mother and for the good of my master K. William his son after whose coming into England I made this Charter and who created me Earl of Surrey c. To him succeeded his son 17 And marry'd the daughter of Hugh Earl of Vermandois whereupon his posterity as some suppose us'd the Arms of Vermandois His son William dying in the Holy Land about 1142. and his grandchild by a son of the same name But this last had only a daughter who brought the same title first to William King Stephen's son and afterwards to Hamelin base son of Geoffrey Plantagenet Earl of Anjou But the first husband dying without issue Hamelin had by her William Earl of Surrey whose posterity taking the name of Warrens bore the same title This William marry'd the eldest daughter and coheir of William Marshal Earl of Pembroke widow of Hugh Bigod and had by her John 18 Who slew Alan de la Zâ—rich in presence of the Judges of the Realm and John by Alice daughter of Hugh le * Earls of March in â—â—â—nce Brune sister by the mother's side to K. Henry 3. had William who dy'd before his father and had by Joanna Vere daughter of the Earl of Oxford John who was born after the death of his father and was last Earl of this family He was as I learnt from his seal Earl of Warren Surrey Strathern in Scotland Lord of Bromfeld and Yale and Count Palatine But he dying without lawful issue in the 23d of Edward 3. his sister and heiress Alice was marry'd to Edmund Earl of Arundel and by that marriage brought this honour into the family of the Arundels 19 For Richard their son who marry'd in the House of Lancaster after his father was wickedly beheaded for siding with his Sovereign King Edward 2 by the malignant envy of the Queen was both Earl of Arundel and Surrey and left both Earldoms to Richard his son who contrariwise lost his head for siding against his Sovereign K. Richard 2. But Thomas his Son to repair his Father's dishonour lost his life for his Prince and Country in France leaving his sisters his heirs for the lands not entailed who were marry'd to Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk c. to Sir Rowland Lenthall and Sir William Beauchampe Lord of Abergavenny from which it came at last by the Mowbrays to the Howards For Thomas Mowbray marry'd the eldest sister and coheir of Thomas Fitz-Alan Earl of Arundel and Surrey In the mean time 20 After the execution of Richard Earl of Arundel Richard 2. conferr'd the title of Duke of Surrey upon Thomas Holland Earl of Kent who notwithstanding did not long enjoy that honour For secretly endeavouring to rescue the same Richard then taken prisoner and to restore him to his Crown his plot unexpectedly was discover'd and himself making his escape was seiz'd by the town of Cirencester and beheaded Next Thomas de Beaufort who was the King's Chancellor bore this honour if we may believe Thomas Walsingham For he tells us that in the year 1410. The Lord Tho. Beaufort Earl of Surrey dy'd But let Walsingham make good his assertion for there is no such thing appears in the King's Records only that Thomas de Beaufort was about that time made Chancellor 'T is evident however from the publick Records of the Kingdom that King Henry 6. in the 29th year of
a Furnace and Forge others a Forge only and others only a Furnace Near Hastings also are two powder-mills where is made as good Gun-powder as any in England And in that end of the County where the Iron-works are namely the East Char-coal is made in great abundance c To go along now with Mr. Camden St. Râ—â—â—-hill North of Chichester which has given the title of Earl to Francis Leigh Lord Dunsmore and after him to Charles Fitz-Roy natural son to K. Charles 2. is a place call'd St. Rook's hill †Aâ—â—â—â— Mâ—◠〈◊〉 MS. and upon it is still to be seen an old camp the diameter whereof is two furlongs and better The form of it is circular from which thus much may be undoubtedly gather'd that it is not Roman but probably Danish Those who have an opportunity of searching into the Records of the place would do well to consider whether the true name of it is not S. Roch's hill for he was patron of the pilgrims and here was formerly a Chapel which might possibly enough be dedicated to him A mile and a half from this place to the west is a Camp call'd Gonshill Gonâ—hâ—â—â— Ibid. which being of a different form must be made by some other people The figure of it is an oblong square which comes nearest to the Roman way of encamping The Bâ—ile Hard by Chichester towards the west ‖ there has been also another large Roman Camp call'd the Brile of an oblong form 4 furlongs and 2 perches in length and 2 furlongs in breadth It lies in a flat low ground with a great rampire and single graff and in such a place as renders it probable enough to have been that of Vespasian's after his landing d Eastward from hence is Arundel â—rundel which our Author observes to be of more fame than real note tho' it is now a market-town and a borough sending 2 Burgesses to Parliament The famous high-way Stanesstreet-causeway which is in some places 10 yards broad but in most 7 comes to this town out of Surrey by Belinghurst It is a yard and a half deep in stones which they discover by cutting passages to let in water and runs in a streight line It is made of flints and pebbles tho' no flints are found within 7 miles of it As the story of Bevis's horse call'd Arundel ought not to be altogether rejected so neither ought our Author's name of the river Arun and derivation of the town from thence be too securely clos'd with For that Bevis was founder of the Castle is a current opinion handed down by tradition and there is a tower in it still known by the name of Bevis's tower which they say was his own apartment Besides 't is natural enough to imagine that the name of a horse might be Arundel from his swiftness since that word in French signifies a Swallow and the present Arms of the town which is corporate by Prescription are a Swallow Now why might not Bevis's Arundel as well have the honour of naming a town wherein his master had a particular interest as Alexander's Bucephalus had of a city But whatever approbation this conjecture may meet with 't is certain that Mr. Camden's fetching it from Arun will not hold For that river is call'd High-stream to distinguish it from the other small rivulets or streams and seems to have bore the same name as to the sense at least all along The Norman English call'd it Hault-rey and answerably the middle-aged Latin writers Alta ripa so Mr. Camden tells us that Rhie in this County is call'd in Latin Ripa and several branches breaking out of the High-stream are at this day call'd Ripes or Rifes There was also an ancient family of Knights owners of much land in these parts even in the bosom of this great river in the parish of Hardham otherwise Feringham call'd from it de Hault Rey and their posterity remains in these parts to this day under the name of D'Awtrey in Latin De alta Ripa But our Author's interpretation Aruntina vallis will not by any means suit either the name of the place or the circumstances of it For tho' it be writ several ways yet no one makes it end in dale nor is a low tract of ground ever express'd by that word in this County as it is in other parts of England but by a Level as Pevensey-Level Lewes-Level Bramber-Level Arundel-Level with many others And the Commissioners of Sewers call the Imposition laid upon Land for repair of publick banks and sluces a Level-tax 〈◊〉 Eâ—rls â—â—iâ—â—ed Thomas Howard being restor'd in blood 1 Jac. 1. and dying An. 1646. was succeeded in his honours by his son Henry who in the life-time of his father was summon'd to Parliament by the titles of Lord Moubray and Maltravers By whose death An. 1652. this title came to Thomas his eldest son restor'd also 13 Car. 2. to the title of Duke of Norfolk which had been forfeited by the Attainder of Thomas the last Duke By which means the title of Duke of Norfolk came to Henry his brother along with the Earldoms of Arundel and Surrey who now among other honours enjoys them e Towards the north-east lies Findon â—â—â—don within a mile of which is an ancient Camp at about 2 miles distance from the sea 'T is call'd Caesar's-hill because the people imagine it was Caesar's Camp and they pretend to shew the place where Caesar's tent was Notwithstanding which the form of it shews that opinion to be an error for being roundish it seems rather to have been a British work f And farther eastward near Lewes Lewes there is another Camp From whence going forwards we meet with Pemsey Pemsey which * Forts and Ports in Kent Mr. Somner disallowing Camden's Lambard's and Selden's conjecture of Newenden thought to be the ancient Anderida where was the band of the Abulae grounding partly upon Gildas's words expressing the situation of these garrisons In littore Oceani ad meridiem on the sea-shore to the south and the design of them to ken and spy out the invading enemy and partly upon the antiquity of the place which Archbishop Usher makes the old Caer Pensavelcoit of the Britains by the coit i.e. wood the former condition of this County being hinted to But tho' he seems most inclin'd to this place yet he is not altogether so positive but either Hastings or even Newenden may lay claim to this piece of Antiquity g Not far from hence is Ashburnham Ashburnham of which place and family John Ashburnham Esquire Grandfather to the present Lord Ashburnham built there a handsome Church with 3 Chancels There is also a noble house of the present Lord Ashburnham's which for stately buildings and convenient garden-room is one of the best in this County North-east from hence lies Breede Breede the Court whereof is a branch of that at Battle and hath the same privilege and process The Lands
16 Now cut down which commendeth Sir William Sevenok an Alderman of London who being a foundling and brought up here and therefore so named built here in grateful remembrance an Hospital and a School On the east-side of it standeth Knoll so call'd for that it is seated upon a hill which Thomas Bourchier Archbishop of Canterbury purchasing of Sir William Fienes Lord Say and Scale adorn'd with a fair house and now lately Thomas Earl of Dorset Lord Treasurer hath furbish'd and beautify'd the old work with new chargeable additaments g and so to Ottanford now Otford Otford famous for a bloody defeat of the Danes in the year 1016 h and proud of it's Royal house built by Warham Archbishop of Canterbury for him and his successors with such splendour and stateliness that Cranmer his immediate successor to avoid envy was forc'd to exchange it with Henry 8. Lullingston Lullingston where was formerly a castle the seat of a noble family of the same name 17 But now of Sir Percival Hart descended from one of the coheirs of the Lord Bray lies lower down upon the Darent i which at it's mouth gives name to Darentford commonly Dartford Dartford a large and throng market k 18 Where King Edward 3. built a Nunnery which K. Henry 8. converted into a house for himself and his successors and below that receives the little river Crecce 19 Anciently called Creccan when in his short course he hath imparted his name to five Townlets which he watereth as St. Mary-Crey Paul's Crey Votes-Crey North-Crey and Crey-Ford At Creccanford now Creyford a ford over this river Hengist the Saxon eight years after the coming in of the Saxons engag'd the Britains where he cut off their Commanders and gave them such a blooâ—y defeat that afterwards he quietly establish'd his kingdom in Kent without any fear of disturbance from that quarter From Darent to the mouth of Medwey the Thames sees nothing but some small towns the omission whereof will be no damage either to their reputation or any thing else l 20 Yet amongst them is Swanscomb of which I have heretofore spoken of honourable memory among the Kentish-men for obtaining there the continuance of their ancient Franchises Afterwards it was well known by the Mentceusies men of great nobility the owners thereof who had their Barony hereabouts In the margin Swanescomb i.e. K. Swane's Camp However the most considerable of them are these Graves-end 21 So called as Mr. Lambard is my Author as the Gâ—reves-end i.e. the limit of the Gereve or Reve. Gravesend remarkable as any town in England 22 For the usual passage by water between it and London since the Abbot of Gâ—ace by the Tower of London to which it appertain'd obtain'd of K. Richard 2. that the inhabitants of it and Milton only should transport passengers from thence to London for being a sort of station between Kent and London where King Hen. 8. †When he fortify'd the sea coasts fortify'd both sides of the river 23 Beyond Gravesend is Shorn held anciently by Sir Roger Northwoâ—d by service to carry with others the King's Tenants a white Ensign 40 days at his own charges Inquis 39 E. 3. when the King warr'd in Scotland On the back of this a little more within land stands Cobham for a long time the seat of the Barons of Cobham Barons of Cobham the last whereof John Cobham built a College here and a Castle at Couling leaving one only daughter wife of John de la Pole Knight who had by her one only daughter Joan marry'd to several husbands But she had issue only by Reginald Braybrok Her third husband 24 Sir John Old-castle John de Oldcastle was hang'd and burnt for endeavouring innovations in Religion But the only daughter of Reginald Braybrooke call'd Joan was marry'd to Thomas Brook of the County of Somerset from him the sixth in a lineal descent was lately Henry Brooke Baron Cobham who because fortune did not humour him in every thing by the force of insolence and anger was induc'd to throw off his Allegiance to the kindest of Princes for which he had the sentence of death pass'd upon him but remains alive to this day a lasting monument of the Royal clemency From Graves-end a small tract like a Chersonese call'd Ho Ho. shoots it self out a long way to the east between the Thames and the Medway the situation of it not very wholsom 25 At the entry hereof is Cowling-castle built by John Lord Cobham in a moorish ground In it is Cliffe Cliffe a pretty large town so nam'd from the Cliff upon which it stands But whether this be that Clives at Ho famous for a Synod in the infancy of the English Church I dare not as some others are be positive partly because the situation is not very convenient for a Synod and partly because this Clives at Ho seems to have been in the kingdom of Mercia m The river Medwege now Medway Medway in British if I mistake not Vaga to which the Saxons added Med rises in the wood Anderida call'd Wealde Weald i.e. a woody country which for a long way together takes up the south part of this County At first being yet but small 26 It receiveth the Eden Pensherst it runs by Pens-hurst 27 The seat anciently as it seemeth by the name of Sir Stephen de Penherst who was also called de Penshester a famous Warden of the Cinque-ports the seat of the ancient family of the Sidneys descended from William de Sidney Sidney Chamberlain to Henry 2. Of which family was 28 Sir Henry Sidney Henry Sidney the famous Lord Lieutenant of Ireland who by the daughter of John Dudley Duke of Northumberland and Earl of Warwick had Philip and Robert Robert was honour'd first with the title of Baron Sidney of Penshurst and then with that of * Vicecomes insulae See in Barkshire Sir Philip Sidney Viscount Lisle by the present K. James But 29 Sir Philip. Philip not to be omitted without an unpardonable crime who was the great glory of that family the great hopes of mankind the most lively pattern of virtue and the darling of the learned world hotly engaging the enemy at Zutphen in Gelderland lost his life bravely This is that Sidney whom as Providence seems to have sent into the world to give the present age a specimen of the Ancients so did it on a sudden recall him and snatch him from us as more worthy of heaven than earth Thus where Virtue comes to perfection 't is gone in a trice and the best things are never lasting Rest then in peace O Sidney if I may be allow'd this address we will not celebrate your memory with tears but admiration Whatever we lov'd in you as the best of Authors speaks of that best Governour of Britaine Tacitus of Agricola
dissolution of Religious houses came to the Crown as also certain rents there belonging to a brotherhood of the Blessed Virgin call'd our Lady's Rents all which were by Queen Elizabeth in the fourth year of her reign granted to the Mayor Bayliffs and Burgesses of Wicomb for the maintenance of a free Grammar-School and certain Alms-people there Since which time the Rents being improv'd more Alms-people have been maintain'd and An 1684. new Alms-houses were erected and built There is no doubt but Wic signifies sinus and that it gives name to several towns in England but the rule ought not to be general because it signifies as well vicus or castellum in which latter sense it is us'd particularly in the Saxon Norð-Æ¿ic Norwich d The Thames having pass'd by Eaton Eaton receives the river Cole upon which stands Colebrook the Pontes of Antoninus though Stow Harrison Hluyd Leland c. had rather remove it to Reading in Berkshire Upon this occasion our Author mentions Ponthieu as coming to the crown of England by Edward the first 's Queen who had it in right of her mother †Dâ— Tillet Recueil de Râ—ys de France The mother was Joan second wife to Ferdinand third King of Castile daughter and heir to Simon Earl of Ponthieu Higher upon the back of the Cole stands Euer Euer which took its name from Roger de Ivery who came in with the Conquerour and had this among other possessions bestow'd upon him The manour our Author tells us was given to John de Clavering by King John ‖ Dugd. Bar. T. 1. p. 107. but before that it was granted to Robert his father by Richard 3. anno regni 9. and his son had only a confirmation of it from King John anno regni 14. e At a little distance from the river is Stoke-Pogeois Stoke-Pogeois which Mr. Camden says came from the Pogeis hereditarily to the Hastings It first descended by marriage to the Molins from them to the Hungerfords and by Thomas Lord Hungerford's daughter and sole heir being married to Edward Lord Hastings and Hungerford to the Hastings In this parish-Church George and Anne the first Earl and Countess of Huntingdon lye interr'd which probably might induce Edward Lord Hastings of Loughborough their third son greatly favour'd and advanc'd by Queen Mary to found an Hospital here which still remains and whither he himself upon the death of that Queen retir'd to a house adjoyning and there dy'd He is bury'd in a Chapel built by him for the use of the Hospital f Passing the hills which divide this County we come to the western-part of it where Ickford Ickford upon the river Tame is thought to be the place of Treaty between King Edward and the Danes An. 907. call'd by the Saxons Yttingaford I had once thought that some remains of that name might still be in Itene for so New-forest in Hamshire was formerly call'd or Ifford near Christ-Church in Hamshire but Brompton's writing the place Ichingford seem to favour the first conjecture g Farther north is Borstal Borâ—tal famous for the garrison in the time of K. Ch. 1. It was given together with the Rangership of the forest of Bernwood by one of the Williams to Nigel of Borstal by the livery of a horn which is still preserv'd This seat through several heirs females of divers names came to the Denhams and from thence by one of the daughters of Denham to the family of Lewis of Wales whose daughter and heir now enjoys it h Passing to the east we are led to the fruitful Vale of Alesbury wherein one lately entire pasture call'd Beryfield Beryfield now part of the inheritance of Sir Robert Lee Baronet in the manour of Quarendon is let yearly for 800 l. At the town of Alesbury Alesbâ—â—y our Author informs us of an odd sort of tenure on condition to find straw for the King's bed * Placit Câ—â—on de â—no 14 Ed. 〈◊〉 It was held by William of Alesbury and beside that service he was likewise to straw his chamber and to provide him three eeles whenever he should come thither in winter If he came in summer besides straw for the bed he was to provide sweet herbs for the King's chamber and two green-geese All which he was to do thrice every year if the King came so often thither The town has given the title of Earl to Robert Bruce created by K. Charles 2. An. 1664. i Not far from hence is Upper Winchindon Upper Wâ—â—chindon a seat of the Lord Wharton †Dugd Baâ—â— T. 3 p. 3â—â— which probably came to that family by Philip Lord Wharton marrying Jane the daughter and heir of Arthur Godwin of that parish Esq to whose family our Author observes it formerly belong'd k Upon the Ouse lyes Bitlesden Bitlesden on the mention whereof Mr. Camden says that Osbert de Clinton was Chamberlain to King Henry 1. He certainly liv'd later for in 10 Henr. 2. ‖ Dugd Bâ—â—â— T. 1. p. 522. I find him mention'd as then living Geffrey Clinton the first of that family was indeed Lord Chamberlain to King Henry 1. and was succeeded by his son of the same name l The same river carries us to Buckingham Buckingham * Paroch Ant qâ— ty Mr Kâ—â—â—â— p. 7. near which town upon the banks of the Ouse Aulus Plautius's first victory over the Britains seems to have been gain'd Near the Church was once a stately Prebend-house belonging to the Church of Lincoln which was endow'd with Lands of 1000 l. per An. Here was also a Chapel call'd St. John Baptist's founded by Thomas Becket and now converted into a Free-school m In this Hundred is Caversfield Caversfieâ—â— whether so call'd from Carausius as if one should say Carausius's field I dare not be positive †Paroch Ant. p. 1â— However 't is very probable from the circumstances that this is the very place where Allectus slew Carausius in battel BEDFORD SHIRE By Robt. Morden n Not far from hence upon the same river is Stony-stratford â—â—â—ny-â—â—â—tford where our Author mentions a Cross erected in memory of Eleanor Edward the first 's Queen She dy'd at Hareby in Lincolnshire and such crosses were erected between that and Westminster in all places where the corps rested Our Author is enclin'd to believe that this is the old Lactorodum for so he writes it though it is more commonly Lactadorum and sometimes Lactodrodum and Lactorudum â—urton's â—â—erar 〈◊〉 3. â—e Bel. 〈◊〉 l. 5. * The old town in Gaul call'd Lactorate perhaps might give it the name since †Caesar has observ'd that the Gauls coming over hither gave the same names to towns as those they had left behind them o The Ouse carries us next to Terringham which family there of the same name by the death of Sir William Terringham without heir male is now almost quite extinct His only daughter and heir is marry'd
to John Backwell Esq p In the account of the Earls Mr. Camden tells us that Henry Duke of Buckingham's reason for plotting against Richard 3. was that King 's detaining from him the estate of the Bohuns But this cannot be the cause ‖ Dudg Bar. T. 1. p. 168. for after that Tyrant's advancement he sign'd a bill for Livery of all those Lands unto him whereunto he pretended a right by descent from Humphrey de Bohun sometime Earl of Hereford and Constable of England Mr. Dugdale has given us an abstract of it and is of opinion that the cause of this his carrriage was either remorse of conscience for raising that King to the throne by the barbarous murther of his nephews or else his observing himself neglected by him Continuation of the DUKES After the attainder and execution of Edward the title lay vacant till the 14th of Jac. 1. when George Viscount Villers was created Earl of Buckingham the next year Marquess of Buckingham and by a Patent bearing date 18 Maii 21 Jac. 1. Duke of Buckingham This George being kill'd by one Felton at Portsmouth Aug. 23. An. 1628. was succeeded by George his son who dying Apr. 16. 1687. left the title vacant More rare Plants growing wild in Buckinghamshire I have not had opportunity of searching this County for Plants neither have any singular local or uncommon species growing there as yet come to my knowledge save only Sphondylium montanum minus angustifolium tenuiter laciniatum observed by Dr. Plukenet near St. Giles Chalfont in the mountainous meadows BEDFORDSHIRE THE County of Bedford commonly Bedfordshire is one of the three Counties which we observ'd before to have been inhabited by the Cattieuchlani On the east and south it is joyn'd to Cambridgshire and Hertfordshire on the west to Buckinghamshire on the north to Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire and is divided into two parts by the Ouse running through it In the north part it is more fruitful and woody in the south where 't is much larger the soil is more poor though it makes a tolerable return For it abounds with barley which is plump white and strong In the middle it is something thick-set with woods but eastward is more dry and wants wood The Ouse at its first entrance into this County first visits Trury the seat of Baron Mordant â—â—â—oâ—s â—â—rdant which family is indebted to Henry 8. for this dignity For he it was that created John Mordant Baron Mordant a prudent person who had married the daughter and coheir of H. Vere of Addington Next it glides by Hare-wood a little village call'd formerly Hareles-wood where Sampson sirnam'd The Strong built a Nunnery and where in the year of our Lord 1399. a little before the breaking out of those Commotions and Civil wars wherewith England was for a long time embroil'd the Hyâ—gma 〈◊〉 153. the river stood still and the water retiring both ways did wonderfully leave a passage on foot through the chanel for three miles together a 1 They who saw it took it as a plain presage of the division ensuing Afterwards it runs under Odil or Woodhill formerly Wahull which had also its Barons of Wahull eminent for their ancient Nobility 2 Whose Barony consisted of 300 Knights-fees in divers Countries and a Castle 3 Which is now hereditarily descended to Sir R. Chetwood Knight as the inheritance of the Chetwoods came formerly to the Wahuls which is now come by inheritance to the Chetwoods b From hence the Ouse with no less windings than those of the Meander it self is carry'd through Bletnesho commonly Bletso â—â—so formerly the seat of the Pateshuls afterwards of the Beauchamps 〈◊〉 St. 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 sho and now of the famous family of St. John who formerly by their valour became Masters of a great estate in Wales 4 In Glamorganshire and in our age had the honour of Barons conferr'd upon them by Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory 5 When she created Sir Oliver the second Baron of her Creation Lord St. John of â—letnesho unto whom it came by c. To them it came by Margaret de Beauchamp an heiress marry'd first to Oliver de St. John from whom those Barons are descended and afterward to John Duke of Somerset by whom she had the famous Margaret Countess of Richmond a Woman whose merit is above the reach of the highest Commendation and from whom the Royal Family of England is descended From hence the Ouse hastens 6 By Brumham a seat of the Dives of very ancient parentage in these parts to Bedford Bedford in Saxon Bedanford the County-town and which gives name to the whole and so cuts it that one would imagine it two towns but that it is joyn'd by a Stone-bridge c 'T is more eminent for the pleasantness of its situation and antiquity than any thing of beauty or stateliness though it has indeed five Churches I dare not assent to those who think it to be the Lactodorum of Antoninus for neither is it situate upon a military way which is the surest guide in our search after stations and mansions mention'd by Antoninus nor were there ever any Roman Coins dug up here I have read that it was call'd in British Liswider or Lettidur but this seems to be turn'd out of the English name For Lettuy signifies in British publick Inns and Lettidur innes upon a river and our English Bedford implies Beds and Inns at a Ford. Below this Town in the year 572. Cuthwulph the Saxon did so shatter the Britains in a set-battel that he was ever after too hard for them and had several towns surrender'd Nor does it seem to have been neglected by the Saxons since Offa that powerful Prince of the Mercians made choice of this place as Florilegus tells us for his Burial but the Ouse being once more rapid and rising higher than ordinary swept away his Monument The town was repaird by Edward the elder after it had been destroy'd in the Danish wars which King did likewise add a little city on the south side of the river call'd by that age to follow the best Copâ— of Hoveden Mikesgate In the time of Edward the Confessor as we find it in that Book wherein William the first took his Survey of England it defended it self for the half of an Hundred in expedition and ships The land of this village never hided But under the Normans it was a much greater sufferer for after Pagan de Beauchamp the third that was call'd Baron of Bedford had built a Castle theâ—e never a civil commotion arose in the kingdom but what had a stroke at it while standing Stephen in the first place when he had possess'd himself of the Kingdom of England against his solemn oath took this Castle with great loss on both sides afterwards when the Barons took up arms against King John William de Beauchamp Lord of it and one of the headers of that Faction
the first that gave life as it were to this place For Maud the Empress gave him Newport a pretty neighbouring town in these words which are transcrib'd from the Original Charter For as much as he us'd to pay at the day of my father Henry's death and to remove the market of Newport to his castle of Walden with all the customs which before belong'd to the said market in Toll passage and other customs And that the way of Newport which lyes near the shore be turn'd to Walden according to custom upon the ground forfeited to me and that the market at Walden be kept on Sundays and Thursdays and that there be a fair held in Walden to begin on Whitsun-eve and last all the following week From this market the place was long call'd Chepping-Walden We read also in the Register of this Abbey He appointed Walden as the head of his Honour and the whole County for a seat for himself and his heirs The place where he built the Monastery had great plenty of water which ran here continually from springs that never dried up The Sun visits it very early in the morning and forsakes it very soon in the evening being kept off by the hills on each side This place is now call Audley-end from 31 Sir Thomas Thomas Audley Chancellor of England Baron â—â—dley of Walden who changâ—d the Monastery into a dwelling-house for himself He was created Baron Audley of Walden by Hen. 8. and left one daughter and heir Margaret second wife to Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk who had issue by her Thomas William Elizabeth and Margaret Thomas famous for his experience in sea-affairs was summon'd to Parliament by Q. Elizabeth An. 1587 by the name of Lord Howard by Walden And lately King James hath created him Earl of Suffolk and made him his Chamberlain 32 Who in this place hath begun a magnificent Building Near whose house at Chesterford there was seated a much ancienter little city near Icaldune in the very utmost limits of the County which now from the old Burrough the Country-people call Burrow-bank Burrow-bank There are only the marks of a ruin'd place to be seen and the plain track of the walls Yet I shall by no means affirm it to be h This in another place be fancies may be St. Edmundsbury See Suffolk under that title the Villa Faustini which Antoninus mentions in these parts and tho' Ingrati haud laeti spatia detinet campi Sed rure vero barbaróque laetátur Of no vast tracts of barren land 't is proud But like true Country innocently rude Yet I shan't so much as dream this to have been the place described in these and the other verses of the ingenious * Martial Epigrammatist The fields as I have said before look very pleasant with sown Saffron 33 A commodity brought into England in the time of King Edward 3. Saffron For in the month of July every third year when the roots have been taken up and after twenty days put under the turf again about the end of September they shoot forth a bluish flower out of the midst whereof hang down three yellow chives of Saffron which are gather'd best in the morning before sun-rise and being taken out of the flower are dried by a gentle fire And so wonderful is the increase that from every acre of ground they gather 80 or 100 pound of wet Saffron which when it 's dry will be about 20 pound And what 's more to be admir'd that ground which hath bore Saffron three years together will bear Barley very plentifully 18 years without dunging and afterwards will be fit enough for Saffron Bâ—rons of Câ—avering More to the South lies Clavering which Hen. 2. gave with the title of a Baron to 34 Sir Robert Fitz-Roger Robert Fitz-Roger from whom the family of the Euers are descended His posterity having after the old way for a long time taken for their sirname the Christian-name of their father as John Fitz-Robert Robert Fitz-John c. at length upon the command of Edw. 1. took the name of Clavering from this place But of these when we come to Northumberland See in Northumberland Here too Stansted-Montfitchet presents it self to our view which I can't pass by in silence since it was formerly the seat or Barony of the family of the Montfitchets Barons Montfitchet Arms of the Montfitchâ—â— who bore for Arms Three Cheverons Or in a shield gules and were reckon'd among the most honourable of our Nobility But the male-line continued no farther than to five Descents when the inheritance fell to three sisters Margaret wife to Hugh de Bolebec Aveline to William de Fortibus Earl of Albemarle The Playzes and Philippa wife to Hugh Playz The posterity of the last continued till within the memory of our Grandfathers and ended in a daughter married to Sir John Howard Kt. from whose daughter by 35 Sir George Vere George Vere the Lords Latimer and Wingfield are descended A little lower stands Haslingbury Hâ—sâ—ingbury the seat of the Lords Morley of whom more in Norfolk Adjoyning to this is an old military Vallum thence call'd Wallbery and more to the East Barrington-Hall the seat of the noble family of the Barringtons Barrington who in the time of King Stephen were greatly enrich'd with the estate of the Lords Montfitchet that then fell to them and in the memory of our fathers a match with the daughter and heir of 36 Sir Henry Pole Henry Pole Lord Montacute son and heir to Margaret Countess of Salisbury render'd them more illustrious by an alliance with the royal blood 37 Neither is Hatfield Regis commonly called of a broad spread Oak Hatfield Brad-Oak to be omitted where Robert Vere Earl of Oxford built a Priory and there lyeth entombed cross-legg'd with a French Inscription wherein he is noted to be first of that name Robert and third Earl of Oxford After the Norman Conquest Maud the Empress Lady of the English as she used to stile her self created Geoffrey de Magneville â—â—rls of Essex or Mandevil son of William by Margaret heiress to Eudo ‖ Dapiferi Sewer first Earl of Essex that she might draw to her party a man of that great power and experience in war He in the civil disturbances under King Stephen 38 Despoiled of his estate lost his troublesome life in the field 'T was he too as ancient writers inform us who for his many villanous practices incurr'd the sentence of Excommunication â—egister of Wâ—lden under which at the little town of Burwell he receiv'd a mortal wound in the head As he was just expiring some Templars came in who put on him the habit of their Order marked with a red cross and when he was dead carried him away with them into their own precincts the old Temple at London where putting him into a pipe of lead
with its Fairs Richard Harecourt obtain'd from King Edward 1. e The battel was fought at three miles distance from this town but because this was the most remarkable it was therefore said to be at Bosworth-field Mr. Burton Hist of Leicestershire p. 47. has given us several remains of that engagement as pieces of armour arrow-heads c. digg'd up there Near this town within the memory of our grandfathers the right of the Crown of England happen'd to be finally determin'd by a battel For there Henry Earl of Richmond with a small body of men gave battel to Richard the third who in a most wicked manner had usurp'd the Crown and whilst for the liberty of his Country Henry with his party valiantly expos'd himself to death he happily overcame and slew the Tyrant and in the midst of blood and slaughter was with joyful acclamations saluted King having by his valour deliver'd England from the dominion of a tyrant and by his prudence eas'd the nation from the disquiet of civil dissentions d Hereupon Bernardus Andreas a Poet of Tholouse who liv'd in those days in an Ode to Henry 7. alludes thus to the Roses which were the †Insignia Device of that King Ecce nunc omnes posuere venti Murmura praeter Zephyrum tepentem Hic Rosas nutrit nitidósque flores Veris amoeni Now the rough tempests all have breath'd their last All winds are hush't except the gentle west By whose kind gales are blushing Roses blown And happy spring with all its joys comes on Other things worthy our mention near this way we do not meet with unless it be at a greater distance f This place is largely desrib'd by Mr. Burton in his History of Leicestershire p. 16. Ashby de la Zouch Ashby Barons Zouch of Ashby a most pleasant town now belonging to the Earls of Huntingdon formerly to Alan de la Zouch 7 Who descended from Alan Viscount of Rohan in Little-Britain and Constantia his wife daughter to Conan le Grosse Earl of Britain and Maud his wife the natural daughter of Henry the first a Baron who bore for his arms on a Shield Gules 10 Bezants This man having marry'd one of the heiresses of Roger de Quincy Earl of Winchester in her right came to a great estate in this County but having commenced a suit against John Earl of Warren who chose rather to determine the matter by Sword than by Law he was kill'd by him in the King's-hall at Westminster An. 1279. And some few years after the daughters and heirs of his Nephew convey'd this estate by their marriages into the families of Seymour 8 Of Castle Cary. and Holland Hollands 9 Yet their father first bestow'd this Ashby upon Sir Richard Mortimer of Richards-castle his Cousin whose youger issue thereupon took the surname of Zouch and were Lords of Ashby But from Eudo a younger son of Alane who was slain in Westminster-hall the Lords Zouch of Haringworth branch'd out and have been for many descents Barons of the Realm But this town came afterwards to the family of Hastings who have here a very magnificent seat of which family William procured from Henry the sixth the privilege of certain Fairs Nor ought I to pass over in silence Cole-Overton â—â—â—ton the seat of H. de Bellomont or Beaumont 10 Descended from Sir Thomas Beaumont Lord of Bachevill in Normandy brother to the first Viscount Which Sir Thomas as some write was he who was slain manfully fighting at such time as the French recover'd Paris from the English in the time of King Henry the sixth branch'd from that famous family of the Viscounts de Bellomont It hath a name of distinction from Pit-Coles 〈◊〉 Coles being a bituminous earth harden'd by nature and here to the Lord of the Manour's great profit digg'd up in such plenty as to supply the neighbouring Country all about with firing The river Soar as I have already observ'd cuts through the middle of this County which rising not far from the Street-way and encreasing with the addition of many running waters flows gently Northward and in its course passes by the West and North-sides of the principal town of the Shire call'd by Author's g In the Saxon it has several names according to the several Copies Legerceaster Ligoraceaster Lygraceaster Legraceaster Legoraceaster In reading our ancient Histories it ought to be carefully distinguish'd from the British Caerlegion or Caerleon West-Chester which is nam'd Legeceaster Legaceaster and by middle ag'd writers Legacestre See a large description of this place in Mr. Burton's Antiquities of Leicestershire p. 160 c. Lege-cestria Leogora Legeo-cester and Leicester Leicester It is a place that shows great antiquity and no less beauty in its buildings In the year 680 when Sexwulph by King Ethelred's order divided the kingdom of the Mercians into Dioceses he plac'd here a Bishop's seat and became himself the first Bishop of this See But after few years the See being translated to another place that dignity determin'd and the reputation of the town by little and little decay'd till Edelfleda a noble Lady in the year after our Saviour's nativity 914 repair'd and fortify'd the place with new walls so that Matthew Paris in his Lesser History writes thus Legecestria is a most wealthy city and encompast with an indissoluble wall of which if the foundation were strong and good the place would be inferiour to no city whatsoever At the coming in of the Normans it was well peopled and frequented and had many Burgesses Twelve of whom as we find recorded in William the first 's Book were by ancient Tenure to go with the King as often as he went to war But in case he made an expedition by sea then they sent four horses as far as London for the carriage of arms or other necessaries This town paid to the King yearly thirty pounds by tale and twenty in Ore 11 That is by weight and five and twenty h A measure containing our pint and a half or in weight 24 ounces Sextaries of Honey i This as Mr. Burton observes was done by Richard Lucie Lord Chief Justice of England to whom the government of this nation was committed the King then being absent in Ireland A. D. 1173. But in the time of Henry the second it was oppress'd with great miseries and the walls demolisht when Robert sirnam'd Bossu that is Crook-back Earl of Leicester endeavour'd an insurrection against his Prince Which Matthew Paris delivers in these words For the contumacy of Earl Robert in opposing the King the noble city of Leicester was besieged and ruin'd by King Henry and the wall which seem'd indissoluble thrown down to the very foundation quite round Let me add out of the said Lesser History That the walls being faulty in the foundations when they were undermin'd and the props burnt that supported them fell in great pieces which remain
occasion to derive it from hay seem to lye under the same inconvenience in that the soil does not favour either of these or at least not so much as to render the place eminent for them I would not willingly go any farther than the Saxon heah deep the remains whereof our Northern parts still retain in their how which they use for deep or low and the breakings in of the sea with the banks made against it sufficiently declare how much the nature of the place contributes towards this conjecture c Upon the confines of Norfolk lyes Tydd Tydd a small village but famous for the once Rector of it Nicholas Breakspear who planted Christianity in Norway for which good service to the Church he was afterwards made Cardinal and in the year 1154 Pope under the name of Hadrian the fourth d To endeavour the discovery of any thing that looks like Roman hereabouts would be a search as fruitless as unreasonable and for its condition in the Saxon times Ingulphus fully answers that whose history no doubt is the best intelligence for those parts For which reasons we shall take leave of it and go along with our Author into the second part of this County having first observ'd that this as well as Lindsey division has had its Earls and gave title to Henry Rich Lord Kensington created Earl of Holland Apr. 3. 22 Jac. 1. He was succeeded by Robert his son who had the additional title of Earl of Warwick by the death of Charles Rich Earl of that place his Cousin-german Whereupon both titles are at present enjoy'd by the right honourable Edward Rich stil'd Earl of Warwick and Holland e Kesteven Kesteven Mr. Camden observes is call'd by Aethelwerd Ceostefne Sylva the wood Ceostefne The reason of it is this because there was really a great forest at this end of the division where now are the large fenns call'd Deeping-Fenns c. A plain argument whereof is that the trunks of trees are dugg up in several ditches thereabouts which lye cover'd some two foot with a light black mold And Mr. Neal to whom the world is indebted for this and other discoveries in this County tells me that in a ditch of his own just at the edge of the fenns there was about 12 years ago several trunks of trees lying in the bottom and in another place as many acorns turn'd out of one hole as would fill a hat very firm and hard but colour'd black and now there is no tree standing near that place by a mile except here and there a willow lately set The same Gentleman assures me he has by him the copy of the Exemplification of the Letters Patents of Jac. 1. dated at Westminster Febr. 15. in the fifth of his reign over England and over Scotland the 41. wherein he recites by way of Inspeximus the Letters Patents of Henry 3. dated at Portsmouth the 23d of April in the 14th of his reign who thereby disafforested the said forest of Kesteven in perpetuum which was also confirm'd by the Letters Patents of Edward the third in the 20th of his reign wherein the said forest is butted and bounded to extend on one side from Swafton to East-Deeping as Caresdike extends it self which is a dike running cross the top of the Fenns not only of Deeping-Fenn but also of that great fenn beyond the river Glen call'd Lindsey-level and on the other side it extends to the division call'd Holland f Having made our way into this division by a previous account why some old Authors call it a wood or forest whereas now there appearing no such thing the readers might be surpriz'd let us accompany Mr. Camden to Stanford Stanford the first remarkable place we meet with As to the Antiquity of it our English Historians afford us very large testimonies Henry Huntingdon lib. 5. pag 203. in his description of the wars between Edmund Ironside and the Danes calls it an ancient city and Ingulphus p. 515. tells us there were Terms held at Stamford and Hoveden in the book of Crowland p. 249. calls it Stamfordshire being a County-town and very commodious it is for that use this end of Lincolnshire adjoyning to it being 36 miles from Lincoln and the end of Northamtonshire next it on that side no less from Northamton which distance is a great inconvenience to the inhabitants so often as their business calls them to the Assizes Stow p. 131. tells us there was a Mint for coyning of money in Stamford-Baron in the time of King Athelstan but this probably was some privilege granted to the Abbots of Peterburrow for this is that parish that 's within Northamtonshire and is within a distinct liberty granted to the Abbots of Peterburrow g Mr. Neal before-mention'd has an old Manuscript fragment of an history that says Stamford was an University long before our Saviour's time and continued so till the year 300 when it was dissolv'd by the Pope for adhering to Arrius For the first founder of it that Author quotes Merlin a British Historian But whatever deference we pay to the authority of the History from the circumstances it seems pretty plain as the same Gentleman has observ'd that it must be of longer date than Ed. 3. For upon that quarrel mention'd by Mr. Camden which happen'd between the Southern and Northern Scholars the latter it seems came hither in Nov. 1333. and return'd to Oxford before 1334. so that their short stay could not allow them any great opportunities for building But here are still the remains of two Colleges one call'd Black-hall and the other Brazen-noze in the gate whereof is a great brazen Nose and a ring through it like that at Oxford And 't is evident that this did not take its pattern from Oxford but Oxford from it because Brazen-nose College in Oxford was not built before the reign of Henry the seventh and this is at least as old as Edw. 3. or probably older h So much for the University there The government of the town Mr. Camden tells us An Alderman and 24 Câ—â—burgâ—ers is by an Alderman and 24 Comburgenses When this begun is not so certain being much elder than the first Charter they have For there is a list of sixty upon the Court-Roll sworn there before the Incorporation viz. from 1398. to 1460. the first year of Edward the fourth So that Edward the fourth by his Charter seems rather to confirm an old custom than establish a new one 'T is very observable here that they have the Custom which Littleton the famous Common-Lawyer calls Burrough English Burroâ—g Eng â—â— viz. the younger sons inherit what Lands or Tenements their fathers dye possess'd of within this Manour i My Lord Burghley founded a Hospital here but when Mr. Camden says he is bury'd in the Parish-Church of S. George in Stamford it is a mistake for he lyes in S. Martin's Church in Stamford-Barron which is in Northamptonshire k After the death of
of the river Avon whence it takes its name to Neath a river infamous for its Quick-sands upon which stands an ancient town of the same name in Antonine's Itinerary call'd Nidum â—â—dum Which when Fitz-Haimon subdued this Country fell in the division to Richard Granvil who having built there a Monastery under the Town and consecrated his dividend to God and the Monks return'd to a very plentiful estate he had in England All the Country from Neath to the river Lochor â—â—chor riâ—â—r which is the Western limit of this Country Brit. Lhychwr is call'd by us Gower Gower by the Britains Gŵyr and by Ninnius Guhir where as he tells us the sons of Keian a Scot seated themselves until they were driven out by Kynèdhav a British Prince In the reign of King Henry the first Tho. Wallingham Henry Earl of Warwick subdued this Country of Gower which afterwards by compact betwixt Thomas Earl of Warwick and King Henry the second devolv'd to the Crown But King John bestow'd it on William de Breos Lib. Monast Neth 5 Reg Joan. to be held by service of one Knight for all service And his heirs successively held it till the time of Edward the second For at that time William de Breos having sold it to several persons that he might ingratiate himself with the King deluded all others and put Hugh Spenser in possession of it And that amongst several others was the cause why the Nobles became so exasperated against the Spensers and so unadvisedly quitted their Allegiance to the King It is now divided into East and West Gowerland In East-Gowerland the most noted town is Sweinsey Swansey so called by the English from Porpoises or Sea-hogs and by the Britains Aber-Tawi from the river Tawi which runs by it fortified by Henry Earl of Warwick But a more ancient place than this is that at the river Loghor Loghor which Antoninus calls Leucarum Leucarum and is at this day retaining its ancient name call'd Loghor in British Kas-Lychwr Where about the death of King Henry the first Howel ap Mredydh with a band of Mountaneers surprized and slew several Englishmen of quality Beneath this lyes West-Gower which the Sea making Creeks on each side it is become a Peninsula a place more noted for the corn it affords than towns And celebrated heretofore for St. Kynedhav who led here a solitary life of whom such as desire a farther account maâ— consult our Capgrave who has sufficiently extoâ—l'd his Miracles From the very first conquest of this Country Lords of Glamorgan the Clares and Spensers Earls of Glocester who were lineally descended from Fitz Haimon were Lords of it Afterwards the Beauchamps and one or two of the Nevils and by a daughter of Nevil descended also from the Spensers it came to Richard the third King of England who being slain it devolv'd to King Henry the seventh who granted it to his uncle Gasper Duke of Bedford He dying without issue the King resum'd it into his own hands and left it to his son Henry the eighth whose son Edward the sixth sold most part of it to William Herbert whom he had created Earl of Pembroke and Baron of Caerdiffe Of the Off-spring of the twelve Knights before-mention'd there remain now only in this County the Stradlings a family very eminent for their many noble Ancestors with the Turbervils and some of the Flemmings whereof the chiefest dwells at Flemmingstone call'd now corruptly from them Flemston But in England there remain my Lord St. John of Bletso the Granvils in Devonshire and the Siwards as I am inform'd in Somersetshire The Issue-male of all the rest is long since extinct and their Lands by daughters pass'd over to other families Parishes in this County 118. ADDITIONS to GLAMORGANSHIRE a IN our entrance upon this County we are presented with Kaer phyli-castle â—â—er-Phyli-â—â—stle probably the noblest ruins or ancient Architecture now remaining in Britain For in the judgment of some curious persons who have seen and compared it with the most noted Castles of England it exceeds all in bigness except that of Windsor That place which Mr. Sanford call'd a Chapel was probably the same with that which the neighbouring Inhabitants call the Hall It is a stately room about 70 foot in length 34 in breadth and 17 in height On the South-side we ascend to it by a direct Stair-case about eight foot wide the roof whereof is vaulted and supported with twenty arches which are still gradually higher as you ascend The entry out of this Stair-case is not into the middle but somewhat nearer to the West-end of the room and opposite to it on the North-side there is a chimney about ten foot wide On the same side there are four stately windows if so we may suppose them two on each side the chimney of the fashion of Church-windows but that they are continued down to the very floor and reach up higher than the height of this room is supposed to have been so that the room above this Chapel or Hall had some part of the benefit of them The sides of these windows are adorn'd with certain three-leav'd knobs or husks having a fruit or small round ball in the midst On the walls on each side the room are seven triangular pillars like the shafts of Candlesticks placed at equal distance From the floor to the bottom of these pillars may be about twelve foot and a half and their height or length seem'd above four foot Each of these pillars is supported with three Busts or heads and breasts which vary alternately For whereas the first ex gr is supported with the head and breast of an ancient bearded man and two young faces on each side all with dishevel'd hair the next shews the face and breasts of a woman with two lesser faces also on each side the middlemost or biggest having a cloth close tied under the chin and about the forehead the lesser two having also forehead-cloths but none under the chin all with braided locks The use of these pillars seems to have been for supporting the beams but there are also on the south-side six Grooves or chanels in the wall at equal distance which are about nine inches wide and eight or nine foot high four whereof are continued from the tops of the pillars but the two middlemost are about the middle space between the pillars and come down lower than the rest having neat stones jutting out at the bottom as if intended to support something placed in the hollow Grooves On the north-side near the east-end there 's a door about eight foot high which leads into a spacious Green about seventy yards long and forty broad At the east-end there are two low-arch'd doors within a yard of each other and there was a third near the south-side but much larger and another opposite to that on the west-end The reason why I have been thus particular is
slow and easie and hence that slow river Araris in France takes its name Araris in Gaul That part of the Country where the head of this river lyes is call'd Craven Craven possibly from the British word Crage a rock for what with stones steep rocks and rough ways this place is very wild and unsightly In the very middle of which and not far distant from the Are stands Skipton Skipton hid as it were with those stâ—ep precipices lying quite round just like * Lateo Latium in Italy which Varro thinks was really so call'd from its low situation under the Appennine and the Alps. The town is pretty handsome considering the manner of building in these mountainous parts and is secured by a very beautiful and strong Castle built by Robert de Rumeley by whose posterity it came to be the inheritance of the Earls of Albemarle But being afterwards escheated as the Lawyers term it to the Crown Edward the second gave it with other large possessions hereabouts in exchange to Robert de Clifford ancestor to the Earls of Cumberland for some lands of his in the Marches of Wales q The Are having pass'd Craven is carried in a much larger chanel with pleasant fields on both sides by Kigheley from which the famous family of Kigheley Kigheley derive their name One of whom call'd h Sir Henry Kigheley was there interr'd but the date of his death is not legible Henry Kigheley procured from Edward the first for his manour here the privilege of a Market and Fair Libera Warrenn and a free Warren so that none might enter into those grounds to chase there or with design to catch any thing pertaining to the said Warren without the permission and leave of the said Henry and his Successors Which was a very considerable favour in those days and I the rather take notice of it because it teaches us the nature and meaning of a Free-Warren The male-issue in the right line of this family ended in Henry Kigheley of Inskip within the memory of this age the daughters and heiresses were married one to William Cavendish at this time Baron Cavendish of Hardwick the other to Thomas Worseley of Boothes From hence the river Are glides on by Kirkstall a famous Monastery founded about the year 1147. by Henry Lacy. And thence by Leedes â—â—â—â—ds in Saxon Loydes which was made a royal village when Cambodunum was burnt down by the enemy now enriched by the woollen manufacture Here Oswy the Northumbrian routed Penda the Mercian to the great advantage says Bede of both people for it both secured his own nation from the inroads of the Pagans and was the occasion of converting the Mercians to the Christian Religion The very spot where this engagement was goes by the name of Winwidfield Winwidfield in our Historians I suppose deriv'd from the victory it self as when Quintilius Varus and his Legions were cut off in Westphalia the place of Action was called in High Dutch Winfield the field of Victory as the most learned and my most worthy friend Abraham Ortelius has well observed r The Country for some little way about it was formerly called by the old word h That is Ulmarium or Ulmetum a grove of Elms. Evasit autem ignem sc qui villam Regiam ad Donafeld penitus absuâ—psit Altare quia lapideum erat servatur adhuc in Monasterio Reverendissimi Abbatis Presbyteri Thrythwulfi quod in Sylva Elmete est Bede Eccl. Hist l. 2. c. 14. 'T is possible this Monastery might be plac'd at Berwick in Elmet See afterwards under the title Berwick in â—imet Elmet Elmet which Edwin King of Northumberland son of Ella brought under his own dominion Ninius by the conquest of Cereticus a British King An. Dom. 620. There is Limestone Limestone plentifully found heâ—e they burn it at Brotherton and Knottingley and at certain seasons convey it in great quantities for sale to Wakefield Sandall and Standbridge from thence it is sold into the western parts of this County which are naturally cold and mountainous and herewith they manure and improve the soil But leaving these things to the husbandmen let us return s The Calder above-mention'd is at last received by the Are near the union of them stands the little village Castleford Castleford but called by Marianus Casterford who tells us that the Citizens of York slew many of Etheldred's army pursuing them in a disorderly flight when he infested this Country for their treachery and breach of Leagues Yet the older name of this place is that in Antoninus where 't is called Legeolium Legeolium and Lagetium which among other remarkable and express remains of antiquity is confirmed by those great numbers of Coins called by the common people Sarasins-heads dug up here in Beanfeild a place near the Church and so called from the beans that grow there Also by the distance of it from Danum and Eboracum on each side not to mention its situation by a Roman way nor that Hoveden expresly calls it a City t The river Are now enlarged by the confluence of the Calder leaves Brotherton Bâ—otherton on the lâ—ft where * His second wife Margaret Queen to King Edw. 1. took up as she was hunting and was brought to bed of her son i He was born June 1. An. Dom. 1300. having his Christian name from S. Thomas of Canterbury whom his mother in the extremity of her pain pray'd â—o for ease It is reported that the Nurse design'd for him was a French-woman whose milk he could not endure but that an English-woman bâ—ing brought he lik'd hers well enough Thomas sirnamed de Brotherton from this place who was afterwards Earl of Norfolk and Marshal of England Somewhat below this town the river Are is joyned by the Dan and then runs into the river Ouse On the right there is found a yellow marle A yellow Marle of such virtue that the fields once manur'd with it prove fruitful many years after From hence the river is still carry'd on not much wide of Pontfract or broken bridge commonly called Pontfreit Pontfreit which arose out of the ruins of Legcolium In the Saxon times the name of this town was Kirkby which was changed by the Normans into Pontfract T. de Castleford because of a broken bridge there The story is that there was a wooden bridge over this river there when William Archbishop of York and sister's son to King Stephen returned from Rome and that he was welcom'd here with such a c owd of people that the bridge broke and they fell into the river S. Guilielmus Eboracensis but the Archbishop wept and prayed so fervently that not one of them was lost u This town is sweetly situated and is remarkable for producing Liquorish and Skirworts in great plenty the buildings are neat and secured by a castle which is very stately
hand-habend i.e. having his hand in or being in the very act of stealing or back-berond i.e. having the thing stoln either upon his back or somewhere about him without giving any probable account how he came by it or lastly confesson'd owning that he stole the thing for which he was accused The cause therefore must be only theft and that manner of theft only which is call'd furtum manifestum grounded upon some of the foresaid evidences The value of the thing stoln must likewise amount to above 13 d. ob for if the value was found only so much and no more by this Custom he should not dye for it He was first brought before the Bailiff of Halifax who presently summon'd the Frithborgers within the several Towns of the Forest and being found guilty within a week was brought to the Scaffold The Ax was drawn up by a pulley and fasten'd with a pin to the side of the Scaffold If it was an horse an ox or any other creature that was stoln it was brought along with him to the place of execution and fasten'd to the cord by a pin that stay'd the block So that when the time of execution came which was known by the Jurors holding up one of their hands the Bailiff or his Servant whipping the beast the pin was pluckt out and execution done But if it was not done by a beast then the Bailiff or his Servant cut the rope But the manner of execution will be better apprehended by the following draught of it Printed for â— Sold By F Bentley in Halifax A A. The Scaffold B. The piece of wood wherein the Axe is fix'd C. The Axe D. The Pulley by which the Axe is drawn up E. The Malefactor who lyes to be beheaded F. The pin to which the Rope is ty'd that draws up the Axe o On the other side of the Calder is Cambodunum Cambodunum which probably was built most of wood there being no manner of appearance of stone or brick The fire that burnt it down seems to have been exceeding vehement from the cinders which are strangely solder'd together One lump was found of above 2 foot every way the earth being melted rather than burnt But Mr. Camden's guess at a burning there from the blackness of the stones in the buildings is groundless for the edges of them are so in the Quarry which is half a mile off and so deep that for fire to reach them there is impossible p Next the Calder goes to Wakefield Wakefield where by the noble charity of the pious Lady Campden is a weekly Lecture endow'd with fourscore pounds per An. The other for she left three thousand pounds to Trustees for the founding two Lectures in the north of England is at Grantham Upon the light hand of the high-way leading from Wakefield to Sandal there is a small square plot of ground hedg'd in from a Close within which before the war between K. Charles and the Parliament there stood a Cross of stone where Richard Duke of York was slain The owners are oblig'd by the tenure of the land to hedge it in from the Close The carved work of stone upon the Chapel built by King Edward 4. on the bridge hath been very beautiful but is now much defac'd The whole structure is artificially wrought about ten yards long and six broad Dâ—â—tâ—n At some distance from hence is Darton of the Beaumonts of which Mr. George Beaumont a Merchant left 500 l. for the founding a Free-school in this place of his nativity as much to poor Ministers 150 l. to the poor of London 50 l. to York 30 l. to Hull with a considerable estate amongst his relations Farther from the Calder lyes Burton-grange Burtâ—â—-grangâ— where the no less religious than honourable Lady Mary Talbot second daughter and coheir of Henry Talbot fourth son of the illustrious George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury erected an Hospital for six poor widows each of which have 40 s. and a Gown every year She built also and endow'd two other Hospitals in other Counties during her life and at her death An. 1675. left 40 l. per An. for 99 years to be put to such like uses More to the south is Stainbrough Stainbrough where Henry Edmunds Esq has generously built a good house for the Minister and Mr. Walker late Master of University-College has annex'd a Library to the school Two miles from Howley is Drighlington D ighliton memorable only for the nativity of Dr. James Margetson late Archbishop of Armagh who founded here a school and endow'd it with 60 l. per An. q The river Are our next guide runs to Skipton Skiptâ—n where lye interr'd several of the Cliffords particularly George third Earl of Cumberland honour'd with the Garter by Queen Elizabeth and famous for his sea-services performing * Inscâ—â—pâ—â—on in Sâ—â—â—ton Caâ—â—â— nine Voyages in his own person most of them to the West-Indies being the best born Englishman that ever hazarded himself in that kind He died 30 Oct. 1605. leaving one only daughter Anne Countess of Pembroke Dorset and Montgomery an eminent benefactor born 30 Jan. 1589 90. at Skipton-Castle in Yorkshire wherein I am the more particular because Dr. Fuller in his Worthies Com. West p. 140. out of a mistake says 't was in Hertfordshire She built from the ground or considerably repair'd six ancient Castles one of which Brough had lain 140 years desolate after the fire had consum'd it An. 1520. Another See the â—â—ditioâ—â— Wâ—stmâ—land Pendragon-castle of which our Author tells us nothing remain'd in his time but the bare name and an heap of stones 320 years after the invading Scots under their King David had wasted it An. 1341. She built also seven Chapels or Churches with two stately Hospitals richly endow'd and died 22 March A. D. 1675. This Country Craven hath given the title of Earl to William Craven Baron of Hampsted Marshal created Earl of Craven Mari 16. An. 16 Car. 2. From hence the Are passeth by Thornton the seat of Richard Thornton Esq to Rawdon Rawdon famous for Sir George Rawdon a most accomplish'd person who with 200 or fewer British most valiantly repulsed Sir Philim o Neile at the head of an army of about 7000 rebels assaulting Lisnegarvy now Lisburn in Ireland in that grand massacre 1641. wherein thousands of Protestants were most cruelly murder'd There now resideth Henry son of Francis Layton Esquire who in pursuance of his said father's will has built there and endow'd with 20 l. per an a Chapel which was consecrated by Archbishop Dolben 4 May 1684. r Upon the same river is Leeds Leeds possibly from the Saxon Leod gens natio implying it to have been very populous in the Saxon times which town and parish King Charles 1. by Letters Patents 13 July second of his reign incorporated under the government of one chief Alderman nine Burgesses and twenty Assistants Sir John Savil afterwards Lord
mix'd with common dust * Fastiâ—â—on paâ—â— p. 765. And when that garrison was surrender'd to the Parliament he took great care for the preservation of the publick Library and bequeathed to it many MSS. with the Collections aforesaid which of themselves †Ibid. p. 69â— amounted to 122 Volumes at least pp Our next place upon the river is Selby part of which ancient and beautiful Church with half of the steeple fell down suddenly about 6 a clock on Sunday morning 30 March 1690. From hence our Author carries us to Escricke Escricke which gave the title of Baron to Sir Thomas Knivet He was Gentleman of the Privy-Chamber to King James 1. and the person intrusted to search the vaults under the Parliament-house where he discover'd the 36 barrels of gun-powder and the person who was to have fir'd the train qq Afterwards the Ouse passeth by Drax where the benefaction of Charles Read Esq a native of the place and Judge in Ireland ought not to be omitted He erected here a Hospital as also a School-house and endow'd them with 100 l. per an EAST-RIDING EAst-Riding East-Riding or the east part of Yorkshire a where the Parisi Parisi are seated by Ptolemy makes the second division of this County lying east of York The north and west sides of it are bounded by the winding course of the river Derwent the south by the aestuary of Humber and the north by the German Ocean That part of it towards the sea and the river Derwent is pretty fruitful but the middle is nothing but a heap of mountains called a Wold in Saxon signifies a large plain without woods Yorkeswold which signifies Yorkshire hills The river Derventio or as we call it Derwent rises near the shore and runs towards the west but then turns again towards the south and passes by Aiton and Malton which because they belong to the North-Riding of this County I shall reserve for their proper places As soon as the river has enter'd this quarter it runs near the remains of that old castle Montferrant Montferrant Historia Meauxensis which belonged formerly to the Fossards men of great honour and estates But William Fossard of this family being in ward to the King and committed to the guardianship of William le Grosse Earl of Albemarle enraged the Earl so by debauching his sister tho' he was then but very young that in revenge he demolished this castle and forced the noble young Gentleman to forsake his country Yet after the death of the Earl he recovered his estate and left an only daughter who was married to R. de Tornham by whom she had a daughter afterwards married to Peter de Malo-lacu whose posterity being enriched with this estate of the Fossards became very famous Barons b Not far from hence stands a place seated upon a bank of the river called Kirkham i.e. the place of the Church for here stood a College of Canons founded by Walter Espec a very great man whose daughter brought a vast estate by marriage to the family of the Rosses Next but somewhat lower upon the Derwent there stood a city of the same name which Antoninus calls Derventio Derventio and tells us it was seven miles distant from York The Notitia makes mention of a Captain over ‖ Noâ—â— Derâ—â—â—enâ—â— the Company Derventienses under the General of Britain that lived here and in the time of the Saxons it seems to have been the Royal Village situated near the river Doreventio says Bede where Eumer that Assassin as the same Author has it pushed with his sword at Edwin King of Northumberland and had run him through if one of his retinue had not interpos'd and sav'd his master's life with the loss of his own Where this place is I could never have discover'd without the light I have received from that polite and accurate scholar Robert Marshall He shewed me that at the distance from York I mention'd there is a little town seated upon the Derwent called Auldby which signifies in Saxon the old habitation where some remains of antiquity are still extant and upon the top of the hill towards the river is to be seen the rubbish of an old castle so that this cannot but be the Derventio From hence the river flows through Stanford-bridge which from a battel fought there is also called Battle-bridge Baâ—â—â—â—-bridge c For here Harald Haardread the Norwegian who with a fleet of 200 sail had infested this Kingdom and from his landing at Richal had marched thus far with great outrage and devastation was encountred by King Harold of England who in a fair battel here slew him and a great part of his army and took so much gold among the spoil that twelve young men could hardly bear it upon their shoulders as we are told by Adam Bremensis This engagement was fought about nine days before the coming in of William the Conquerour at which time the dissolute luxury of the English seems to have foretold the destruction of this Kingdom b See the General part under the title Normans But of this we have spoke already THE EAST RIDING of YORKSHIRE by Robert Morden Cum patre Radulpho Babthorpe jacet ecce Radulphus Filius hoc duro marmore pressus humo Henrici sexti dapifer pater Armiger ejus Mors satis id docuit fidus uterque fuit The two Ralph Babthorps father and his son Together lye interr'd beneath this stone One Squire one Sew'r to our sixth Henry was Both dy'd i' th field both in their master's cause Now the Derwent with a larger stream glides on near Howden â—wden a market town remarkable not for it's neatness or resort but for giving name to the neighbouring territory which from it is called Howdenshire and not long since for having a pretty Collegiate Church of five Prebendaries to which a house of the Bishops of Durham is adjoyned who have a vast estate hereabouts Walter Skirlaw one of them who flourish'd about the year 1390. as we find in the book of Durham built a huge tall steeple to this Church that in case of a sudden inundation the inhabitants might save themselves in it Not far distant from hence is Metham â—â—â—m which gives a name and seat to the famous and ancient family of the Methams d The Ouse grown more spacious runs with a swift and violent stream into the Aestuary Abus â—tuary of â—s the name by which it is expressed in Ptolemy e but the Saxons 〈◊〉 and we at this day call it Humber 2 Whereof also the Country beyond it by a general name was call'd Northumberland and from it all that part of the country on the other side was in general termed Nordan humbria Both names seem to be derivatives from the British Aber which signifies the mouth of a river and was perhaps given to this by way of excellence because the Urus or Ouse with all those
addressed himself thus to him My brother and my Soveraign You know very well that the Kingdom of the Isles was mine by right of inheritance but since God hath made you King over it I will not envy your happiness nor grudge to see the crown upon your head I only beg of you so much land in these Islands as may honorably maintain me for I am not able to live upon the Island Lodhus which you gave me Reginald hearing this told his brother he would take the advice of his Council upon it and the day after when Olave was called in to speak with he was apprehended by Reginald's order and carried to William King of Scotland that he might be there put in prison where he continued in chains for almost seven years For in the seventh year died William King of Scotland and was succeeded by his son Alexander but before his death he commanded that all prisoners whatsoever should be set at at liberty Olave being thus freed came to Man and soon after accompanied with no small train of Nobility went to St. James His brother Reginald made him now marry the daughter of a Nobleman of Kentyre his own wives sister named Lavon and gave him Lodhus to enjoy again But within some few days after Reginald Bishop of the Isles called a Synod and divorced Olave the son of Godred and Lavon his wife as being the Cousin german of his former wife Afterwards Olave married Scristina the daughter of Ferkar Earl of Rosse Reginald's wife Queen of the Islands was so troubled at this news that she sent letters in the name of her husband King Reginald to her son Godred in the Island Sky commanding him to kill Olave As Godred was contriving to execute this order and going to Lodhus for that end Olave got off in a little cock-boat and fled to his father-in-law the Earl of Rosse aforesaid while Godred in the mean time wasted the Island At the same time Pol the son of Boke Sheriff of Sky a man of great interest in all the Islands fled likewise having refused to comply with Godred and lived in the Earl of Ross's house with Olave Making a league with Olave they went together in one vessel to Sky At last they understood by their Spies how he lay unapprehensive and negligent with a very few men in a certain Island called St. Columbs So he gathered his friends and companions together and with such volunteers as would go with him set sail in the middle of the night with five ships drawn together from the opsite shore distant about two furlongs and beset the Island Godred and his companions next morning perceiving themselves enclosed were in great consternation However they took arms and though to no purpose manfully endeavoured to withstand them For Olave and Pol the aforesaid Sheriff landed about nine a clock with their whole army and cut off all they met with those only excepted that had taken sanctuary in the Churches Godred was taken and not only blinded but gelded too However this was against Olave's will for he would have saved him but for Boke's son the Sheriff aforesaid For this was done in the year 1223. Olave having received pledges from the Noblemen of the Isles set sail for Man the next summer with a fleet of thirty two ships and arrived at Rognolfwaht At this very time Reginald and Olave divided the Kingdom of the Isles between them but Reginald was to have Man over and above together with the title of King Olave having now the second time furnished himself with provisions from the Isle of Man returned with his company to his part of the Islands Reginald the year following taking Alan Lord of Gallway along with him went with the people of the Isle of Man to disseise his brother Olave of the lands he had given him and to reduce it under his own dominion But the people of Man being unwilling to fight against Olave and the Islanders by reason of a peculiar kindness between them Reginald and Alan Lord Gallway were forced to return home without effecting any thing A while after Reginald pretending a journey to the Court of his soveraign Lord the King of England raised an hundred marks in contribution from the Island of Man but went however to the Court of Alan Lord of Gallway During his stay there he married his daughter to Alan's son The people of Man received this news with such indignation that they sent for Olave and made him King 1226. Olave recovered his inheritance namely the Kingdom of Man and of the Isles which his brother Reginald had governed for thirty eight years and reigned quietly two years 1228. Olave accompanied with all the Nobility and the greatest part of the people of Man sailed over to the Isles A while after that Alan Lord of Gallway Thomas Earl of Athol and King Reginald came into Man with a great army and there they wasted all the south part of the Island spoiled the Churches and put all the inhabitants they could meet with to death so that the whole was in a manner desolate After Alan had thus ravaged the Country he returned with his army leaving his Bailiffs in Man to collect the tribute of the Country and send it to him King Olave coming upon them at unawares soon put them to flight and recovered his Kingdom Whereupon the people that had been dispersed and scattered began to get together again and to live in their old homes with quietness and security The same year King Reginald came in the dead of night in the winter time with five sail of ships and burnt all the ships that belonged either to his brother Olave or the Nobility of Man the Isle of S. Patrick and tarried forty days after in Ragnoll-wath haven desiring peace of his brother During this abode he won over all the inhabitants of the south part of Man so that they swore they would lose their lives rather than he should not be restored to the half of the Kingdom Olave on the other side had drawn in those of the north part to adhere to him and so upon the fourteenth of February at a place called Tinguall the two brothers came to an engagement wherein Olave had the victory and King Reginald was flain but without the knowledge of Olave About this time certain Pirates arrived at the south part of Man and wasted it The Monks of Ruffin convey'd the Corps of King Reginald to the Abbey of S. Mary de Fournes and there it was buried in a certain place which he himself had before chose for that purpose Olave after this went to the King of Norway but before his arrival Haco King of Norway had appointed a certain Nobleman called Husbac the son of Owmund to be King of the Sodorian Islands and named him Haco This Haco accompanied with Olave Godred Don the son of Reginald and many Norwegians came to the Isles but in taking a certain castle in the Isle of Both he was
petty Kings or Princes therein The possession of this Island did without any interruption continue in the name and family of the Stanleys for 246 years the Grant thereof together with the Patronage of the Bishoprick having been given by Henry the fourth by Letters Patents to Sir John Stanley and his Heirs in the year 1403. And during our late Civil Wars in the year 1649. the Lord Fairfax Captain General of the Parliament's Forces obtained a Grant of the said Island from the Parliament of England the then Earl of Derby's estate being confiscate for bearing Arms for the King against the Parliament and himself beheaded at Bolton But it was afterwards restored to the Family of Derby who are the present Lords of that Island The supream and principal Officers in this Island The prinâ—â—pal Officers in the â—â—and are only five in number and they constitute the Lord's Privy Council They are the Governour of the Island the two Deemsters the Controller and the Receiver General They all of them hold their Offices durante bene placito and are obliged to be constantly resident in Castletown that they may be ready to advise and consult with the Lord upon any emergent occasion The Governour has the whole command of the Island under the Lord. The Deemsters are their Judges both in civil and criminal Cases They are always chosen out of the Natives by the Lord it being necessary they should understand and speak the Manks Language that they may give sentences in Courts and understand the Pleadings of the Plaintiffs and Defendants before them They are only two in number and divide the Island betwixt them the one having jurisdiction over the North part the other over the South The Controller's Office is to call the Receiver General to an account once every Quarter he is also Clerk of the Rolls and has the Pension belonging thereto The Receiver General is by his place to receive all the Rents due to the Lord of the Island from the inferiour Collectors To these are subordinate some other Officers The subordinate Officers as the 24 Keys of the Island a Water-Bailiff the Lord's Attorney-General the Coroners and the Moors The Water-Bailiff is as it were Admiral of the Island his office is to seize on all wrecks at sea for the Lord's use and to take care of all business relating to the Herring-Fishing The Attorney-General is to plead all the Causes in which the Lord of the Island is concerned and all the Causes of Widows and Infants The Keys of the Island are so called because they are to lay open and discover the true antient Laws and Customs of the Island They are chosen by the Lord himself out of the natives and though they together with the Deemsters hold their Offices but durante bene-placito yet are they seldom turned out during their lives They are always assisting to the Deemsters in the determining of Cases of great difficulty and from the Sentence of these there is commonly no Appeal No new Law can be made or Custom introduced or abolished but by the consent of the Deemsters and the 24 Keys of the Island These Keys write down all the Customs and Statutes of the Island for the help of their memory that thoy may be the better enabled to give Sentence when called to consult of any of these matters As to the number of the Keys Mr. Camden has been misinformed for he says they are only 12. whereas they are 24 in number 'T is true that since the time of the antient Orrys they have not been constantly this number that depending on the pleasure of the Lord of the Island but there is no ground to believe they were ever so few as twelve and they have been for the most part 24. The Coroners or Crowners in Man who in the Manks language are called Annos are the same as our Sheriff's in England and each of them has under him another Officer who is as it were Under-Sheriff and is called a Lockman The number of the Coroners is according to the number of the Sheedings which are six every Sheeding hath its Coroner The Moors are the Lord's Bailiffs to gather up his Rents in that Sheeding where they reside and to pay the same to the Receiver General It is customary in this Island Some peculiar customs of this Island and that from all antiquity that some of the Clergy be present and assist at the Court of Gaol-delivery the Bishop himself being present there when in the Island The Evidence against Delinquents is first to be taken by spiritual Officers and by them testified to the temporal Court But they are obliged to remove when any Sentence of death is to be pronounced No person guilty of Man-slaughter is allowed the Benefit of Clergy nor can be saved but by the Lord of the Island 's Pardon No Execution of any Malefactor is to be in the Passion-week No Merchant can transport money out of the Island without Licence neither without Licence can any Native go out of the Island If any one do force or ravish a woman if she be married he is to suffer death but if a maid or single-woman the Deemster gives her a Rope a Sword and a Ring and she has it put in her choice either to hang him with the rope or to cut off his head with the sword or to marry him with the ring In former times Women-Malefactors were to be put in a sack and sowed up and so flung from a rock into the sea as Mr. Camden says but now the women are hanged as the men only Witches are burnt If any man have a child by a woman and within two years after marries the woman the child is legitimated by the customary Laws If a woman bring forth a dead child the child is not to be buried in the Church-yard except the Mother take her oath that she has received the Sacrament since the quickening of the child All the Swine of what age soever belonging to Felons are the Lord's and all their Goats do belong to the Queen of Man No Act of Parliament made in England doth bind the King's Subjects in the Isle of Man unless the said Island be therein expresly named The Isle of Man being within the Fee of the King of England the Manksmen are adjudged to be the King 's natural Subjects born and are capable of inheriting Lands in England Thâ—ir Relig on The Religion professed in this Island is exactly the same with the Church of England The Manksmen are generally very respectful to their Clergy and pay their Tithes without the least grudging They own St. Patrick for their Apostle and hold him in greatest veneration Next to him they honour the memory of St. Maughald one of their Bishops whose Feast they never fail to celebrate twice a year The Bible was translated into the Manks tongue by Dr. Philips Bishop of Man but by reason of his death it never came to the Press so
were above 500 this happened about the evening near Connyng and the water call'd Dodyz in Dublin-haven The Lord Anthony Lucy with his own Servants and some of the Citizens of Dublin among whom was Philip Cradoc kill'd above 200 of them and gave leave to any body to fetch away what they would The Lord Anthony Lucy Chief Justice of Ireland appointed a common Parliament to be held at Dublin on the Octaves of S. John Baptist whither some of the best of the Irish Nobility came not However he remov'd to Kilkenny and prorogued the Parliament to S. Peter's feast Ad vincula hither came the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas and many more Noblemen who were not there before and submitted to the King's mercy And the King for his part very graciously forgave them whatever they had done against him under a certain form In August the Irish by treachery took the Castle of Firnis which they burnt The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas of Desmond by an order of Council was taken the day after the Assumption of our blessed Virgin at Limerick by the Chief Justice and by him brought to the Castle of Dublin the 7th of October In September Henry Mandevill by vertue of a Warrant from Simon Fitz-Richard Justice in the King's-bench was taken and brought to the Castle of Dublin In November Walter Burck and his two Brothers were taken in Connaught by the Earl of Ulster and in February were by him brought to the Castle of Northburg In February the Lord William Bermingham and his son Lord Bermingham were taken at Clomel by the said Justice notwithstanding he had before granted them his Majesty's Pardon and the 19th of April were conducted to Dublin-castle The Irish of Leinster plunder'd the English and burnt their Churches and in the Church of Freineston burnt about eighty Men and Women and a certain Chaplain of that Church whom with their Javelins they hinder'd from coming out tho' in his holy Vestments and with the Lord's body in his hand burning him with the rest in the Church The news of it came to the Pope who sert his Bull to the Archbishop of Dublin commanding him to excommunicate those Irish and all their adherents and retinue and to interdict their Lands Now the Archbishop fulfill'd the Pope's commands but the Irish despised the bull excommunication interdiction and the Church's chastisement and continuing in their wickedness did again make a body and invaded the county of Weisford as far as Carcarn and plundred the whole country Richard White and Richard fitz-Fitz-Henry with the Burghers of Weisford and other English made head against them and kill'd about 400 of the Irish besides a great many more were in the pursuit drown d in the river Slane MCCCXXXII The eleventh of July William Bermingham by my Lord Chief Justice's order was put to death and hanged at Dublin but his son Walter was set at liberty Sir William was a noble Knight and very much renown'd for his warlike exploits alas what pity it was for who can commemorate his death without tears He was afterwards buried at Dublin among the Predicant Friers The Castle of Bonraty was taken and in July was rased to the ground by the Irish of Totomon Also the Castle of Arclo was taken from the Irish by the Lord Chief Justice and the citizens of Dublin with the help of the English of that Country and was the 8th of August a rebuilding in the King's Hands The Lord Anthony Lucy Chief Justice of Ireland was put out of his place and in November returned into England with his wife and children The Lord John Darcy succeeded him and came into Ireland the 13th of February There was about this time a great slaughter of the Irish in Munster made by the English inhabitants of that Country and Briens O-Brene with Mac-Karthy was beaten Item John Decer a citizen of Dublin died and was buried in the Church of the Minor Friers he was a man who did a great deal of good Also a disease called Mauses reigned very much all over Ireland and infected all sorts of People as well old as young The hostages who were kept in the Castle of Limeric kill'd the Constable and took the Castle but upon the citizens regaining of 〈◊〉 they were put to the sword The Hostages also took the Castle â—f Nenagh but part of it being burnt it was again recover'd â—nd the Hostages restored A of wheat about Christmas â—as sold for 22 shillings and soon after Easter very common for 〈◊〉 pence The Town of New-Castle of Lions was burnt and plunâ—ered by the O-Tothiles MCCCXXXIII John Lord Darcy the new Chief Justice of â—reland arrived at Dublin The Berminghams of Carbery got a great booty of above 2000 Cows from the O-Conghirs The Lord John Darcy ordered the â—ass at Ethrgovil in Offaly to be cut down that he might stop O-Conghir The Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earl of Desmond after he had â—een imprison'd a year and an half in Dublin was let out having â—ot some of the best of the Irish Nobility as mainprizes to be bound â—or him under penalty of their lives and estates if the said Lord â—hould attempt any thing against the King or did not appear and â—â—and trial Item William Burk Earl of Ulster on the 6th of June between New-Town and Cragfergus in Ulster was most treacherously kill'd â—y his own company in the twentieth year of his age Robert son â—o Mauriton Maundevile gave him the first blow As soon as his â—ife heard of it who was then in that part of Ulster she prudently â—mbark'd with her son and daughter and went for England The Lord John Darcy to revenge his murder by the advice of the Parliament then assembled shipp'd his Army with which the first of â—uly he arriv'd at Cragfergus The people of that Country were â—o glad at his arrival that they took courage and unanimously reâ—olv'd to revenge the Earl's death and in a pitch'd battle got a â—ictory some of them they took others they put to the sword When this was over the Lord Chief Justice went with his Army â—nto Scotland leaving M. Thomas Burgh then Treasurer to supply â—is place Item Many of the Irish Nobility and the Earl of Ormond with â—heir retinue assembled on the 11th of June at the house of the Carmelite Friers in Dublin during this Parliament as they were going out of the Court-yard of the Friers House Murcardus or Moris Nicholas O-Tothil's son was in the croud suddenly murder'd â—pon which the Nobility supposing there was treason in it were very much affrighted but the Murtherer made his escape without being known so much as by name Item The Lord John Darcy return'd Chief Justice of Ireâ—and Item In February the Lord Walter Bermingham son to the Lord William was let out of Dublin Castle Item The Lord Moris Son of Thomas Earl of Desmond by a â—all off his horse broke his leg Item It happen'd to be so dry a Summer that at the feast of S. Peter ad
name of a Thunderbolt and the son with Pyrrhus that of an Eagle Here also dy'd Anne Wife of K. Richard 2. Sister to Wenzelay the Emperour and Daughter to the Emperour Charles 4. she first taught the English women that way of riding on horseback which is now in use whereas formerly their custom was tho' a very unbecoming one to ride astride as well as men Her husband took her death out so ill and mourn'd so immoderately that he altogether neglected and even abhorr'd the very house But King Henry 5. beautify'd it with new buildings â—ne and in Shene an adjoyning little village built a Monastery of Carthusians which he call'd Bethlehem In Henry 7.'s time this royal seat was quite burnt down by a lamentable fire but like a Phoenix sprung again out of it 's own ashes with greater beauty by the assistance of the same Henry and took the new name of Richmond from that Country whereof he had been Earl whilst a private person This Henry 7. had scarce put a finishing hand to his new structure but he ended his days here by whose care industry counsel and quick-sighted prudence the kingdom of England has stood hitherto unshaken â—â—een Eliâ—â—â—â—â—h's 〈◊〉 1603. From hence it was also that 90 years after his Niece the most Serene Queen Elizabeth after she had as it were glutted nature with length of days for she was about 70 years of age was call'd and receiv'd by Almighty God into the sacred and heavenly Quire A Princess exceeding her sex both in courage and conduct who as in her face so in her disposition shew'd the true image of her grandfather she was the love of the world and the delight of Britain And so far was she tho' but a woman from coming short of the lasting and renown'd virtue of her ancestors that if she did not exceed she at least abundantly equall'd them Let posterity believe this and give their assent to so favourable a truth for I do not corrupt venerable Truth with flatteries that a Virgin for 44 years together did so manage the government as to be belov'd by her subjects fear'd by her enemies and admir'd by all a pattern that no Age hitherto can produce the like Her death put England under such a general grief that it had lain in despair and desolation without the least prospect of comfort but that immediately upon her departure out of this life the most Serene James the true and undoubted heir mark'd out by all hearts and eyes for her successor shed forth his august beams and possessed all with the hopes of a lasting joy When we look upon him we scarce can believe her dead Tho' why should we talk of her dying whose immortal virtues still live and her sacred memory will ever be preserv'd in the minds of men and the Annals of Time 〈◊〉 far 〈◊〉 Tide â—es up the â—ames As far as this place the Thames receives the tide about 60 Italian miles from the mouth And there 's no other river in Europe that I know of where the tide comes up so many miles to the great advantage of those that live by it 〈◊〉 goes 〈◊〉 far Whether it be that from this place there are hardly any crookings but 't is carry'd eastward in a more direct channel generally fenc'd with higher banks and opens a wider mouth than other rivers to let in the sea which as I thought long since f Scaliger de Subtilit Exercitat 52. Selden in Polyolb p. 208. by the rapid circulation of the orbs from east to west is carry'd the same way I leave to the enquiry of Philosophers to whose judgments I willingly submit in these and the like matters However concerning these places and this subject take some few verses if you can relish them out of The wedding of Tame and Isis A dextra nobis Richmondia Shena vetustis Celsa nitet sapiens namque hanc Richmondia dici Henricus voluit sibi quod retulisset honorem Et titulos Comitis Richmondia jure paterno Hectoris Edwardi sed deflet funera nostri Proh dolor hic illi regi mens libera cessit Corpore contempto sedes abitura supernas Quem si non subito rapuissent ferrea fata Aut te Valesiis rapuisset Gallia victor Aut tibi Valesios Now stately Richmond to the right is seen Richmond whose name wise Henry chang'd from Sheen Who Richmond's Earl had by his father been Long this our Hector Edward's fate hath mourn'd Who 's godlike soul from hence to heav'n return'd And left the mortal fetters that it scorn'd Ah! thee had the blest powers not call'd too soon Or Valois had resign'd the Gallick crown Or that had Valois lost And a few verses after Tamisis alternum sentit reditumque fugamque Huc reflui pelagi quoties vaga Cynthia pronos Octavâ librat coeli statione jugales Aut tenet oppositam varianti lumine plagam Plenior increscit celeremque recurrit in aestum Atque superbus ait Concedant flumina nobis Nulla per Europae dotatas nomine terras Flumina tam longè sic certis legibus undas Alternas renovant nisi fratres Scaldis Albis Here Thame's great current with alternate course Maintains its rise and fall at constant hours When Phoebe rests at our Meridian line Or i' th' Horizon-point does faintly shine In hasty waves the rushing waters joyn While the proud river thus his worth proclaims ' Great you that Europe boasts her noblest streams ' Yield all to me for such an ebb and flow ' No rival flood but Scheld and Elb can show More inward at about four miles distance from the Thames None-such None-such a retiring seat of the Kings eclipses all the neighbour buildings It was erected by King Henry the 8th in a very wholsome air called before Cuddington Cuddington and design'd by him for his pleasure and diversion 'T is so magnificent and withall so neat as even to arrive at the highest pitch of ostentation and one would think that the whole art of Architecture were crowded into this single work So many images to the life are there upon all sides of it so many wonders of an accomplish'd workmanship as may even vie with the remains of Roman Antiquity so that it may lay a just claim to the name and is able to support it None-such being in Latin Nulla ejusmodi or as Leland expresses it in verse Hanc quia non habeant similem laudare Britanni Saepe solent Nullique parem cognomine dicunt Beyond the rest the English this extol And None-such do by eminency call And the house too is so surrounded with parks full of deer delicate orchards and gardens groves adorn'd with arbours little garden-beds and walks shaded with trees that * Amoenitas cum Salubritate Pleasure and Wholsomness seem to have made choice of this place wherein to live together But Queen Mary exchang'd it with Henry Fitz-Alan Earl of Arundel for other
possessions who after he had inlarg'd it with a well-furnish'd Library and some new works left it at his death to the Baron of Lumley a person whose whole course of life did truly answer his character from him by bargain it return'd to the Crown h Near this place for I cannot think it unworthy the mentioning is a vein of potter's earth famous for those little vessels the goldsmiths use to melt their gold in being made of it upon which account it carries a good rate The small and clear river Vandal The Vandal riv abounding with the best trouts rises at Cashalton a little distance from hence and running by Morden washes a town upon the western bank of it situate in a most fruitful place call'd Merton Merton in Saxon Meredune formerly famous for the death of Kenulph King of the West-Saxons slain in the cottage of a certain harlot here with whom he was smitten by †Clyte Prince Kinehard and the Prince himself presently kill'd upon the spot by the friends of Kenulph was punish'd answerably to his treachery Now it shews nothing but the ruins of a monastery built by Henry 1. 10 For Black-Canons at the instance of Gilbert Viscount of Surry 11 In the year 1127. which was famous for the Statute of Merton enacted in the 21 Hen. 8. and also for Walter de Merton founder of Merton-College in Oxford born and bred here which was famous for a Parliament held there under Henry 3. Afterwards the Vandal is augmented by a small river from the east which arises at Croydon Croydon formerly Cradiden lying under the hills and particularly famous for a palace of the Archbishops of Canterbury whose it has been now for a long time and for coals which the inhabitants trade withal Those that live there tell you that a Royal palace stood formerly on the west part of the town near Haling where the rubbish of buildings is now and then digg d up by the husbandmen and that the Archbishops after it was bestow'd on them by the King transferr'd it to their own palace nigher the river Near which the most Reverend father in God John Whitgift Archbishop of Canterbury of blessed memory out of a pious disposition built and endow'd a beautiful Hospital for the relief of the poor and a School for the promotion of good learning For the torrent that the vulgar affirm to rise here sometimes The bourn and to presage dearth and pestilence it seems hardly worth so much as the mentioning tho' perhaps it may have something of truth in it Near to this place is Beddington Beddington i where is a most neat and curious house adorn'd with pleasant orchards and gardens built by Sir Francis Carew Knight For 't is an ancient seat of the Carews who are descended from Nicholas Baron Carew of Moulesford the Carews of Devonshire are of the same family too and have flourish'd a long time in this County especially since 12 Sir James J. Carew marry'd the daughter and coheir of the noble Baron Hoo 13 And Hastings To digress a little from the river Eastward from Croydon standeth Addington now the habitation of Sir Oliff Leigh whereby is to be seen the ruble of a Castle of Sir Robert Agvilon and from him of the Lords Bardolph who held certain lands here in fee by Serjeanty to find in the King's kitchin at the Coronation one to make a dainty dish which they call'd Mapigernoun and Dilgerunt What that was I leave to the skilful in ancient Cookery Wibbandune now commonly Wimbledon Wimbledon is seated upon the other bank of the Vandal where after the British war was ended and too much happiness began to breed civil dissentions among the Saxons Aethelbert King of Kent first rais'd a civil war against his own Countrymen The first civil wars among the Saxons But Ceaulin King of the West-Saxons luckily defeated him in this place with great loss on Aethelbert's side particularly the two Captains Oslan and Cneben were slain from the latter whereof 't is possible that the military fortification I saw here of a circular form call'd Bensbury or Cnebensbury might take it's name Now it 's greatest ornament is a house as of a stately structure so made pleasant by it's prospect and gardens built by Sir Thomas Cecil Kt. son of the most prudent Baron Burghley in the year 1588. when the Spanish Armada was upon our coasts Two miles from hence to the south upon the very top of a hill is a little wood call'd at this day Woodcote Woodcote where are the plain remains of a small city and several wells built of little pieces of flints the neighbourhood talk much of it's populousness richness and number of it's * Patriciorum Aldermen This I take to be the City which Ptolemy calls Noiomagus Antoninus Noviomagus g Mr. Somner Antiquit. of Canterbury p. 24. has prov'd from the course of the Itinerary that it must necessarily lie in Kent which opinion is confirm'd by Dr. Stillingfleet Orig. Britan. p. 63. See the Additions to Kent under the title Hollow-wood hill where it may probably enough be settled Noviomagus nor need I insist upon any other arguments for it besides that of distance For 't is ten miles from London and eighteen from Vagniacae or Maidston as is hinted by an old Itinerary Those therefore are very much out of the way who have plac'd this Noviomagus either at Buckingham or Guilford It was the chief City of the REGNI and known to Marinus Tyrius a very ancient Geographer whom Ptolemy takes upon him to censure because he had put Noviomagus in Britain in a more northerly climate than London and in the method of his Itinerary set it more to the south Upon the Thames next to the mouth of the Vandal where is a little town call'd from it Wandlesworth 14 Between Putney the native soil of Thomas Cromwell one of the flowting stocks of fortune stands the small village Batersey in old Saxon Patryks-ea and in latin Patricii insula i.e. Patrick's Isle and the Royal seat call'd Kennington Kennington whither the Kings of England us'd to retire the discovery whereof 't is vain to endeavour after there appearing neither name nor rubbish to direct us Next is Lambith Lambith or Lomebith that is a dirty station or haven formerly made famous by the death of Canutus the valiant King of England who there breath'd out his last in the middle of his Cups For he giving himself wholly over to eating and drinking ordered as Henry of Huntingdon has it that a Royal meal should be serv'd up to his whole Court four times a day chosing rather that dishes should be sent off his Table untoucht by those he had invited than that other dishes should be call'd for by those that came in after uninvited But now it is more famous for the palace of the Archbishops of Canterbury For
Walter de Beauchamp whom King Stephen made Constable of England when he displaced Miles Earl of Glocester Within a few years after K. Stephen made Walleran Earl of Mellent 6 Twin-brother brother to Robert Bossu Robert de Monte. Earl of Leicester the first Earl of Worcester and gave him the City of Worcester which Walleran became a Monk and died at Preaux in Normandy in the year 1166. His son Robert who married the daughter of Reginald Earl of Cornwall and set up the standard of Rebellion against Hen. 2. and Peter the son of Robert who revolted to the French in 1203. used only the title of Earl of Mellent as far as I have observed and not of Worcester For K. Hen. 2. who succeeded Stephen did not easily suffer any to enjoy those honours under him which they had received from his enemy For as the Annals of the Monastery of Waverley have it he deposed the titular and pretended Earls among whom K. Stephen had indiscreetly distributed all the Revenues of the Crown After this till the time of K. Rich. 2. I know of none who bore the title of Earl of Worcester He conferred it upon Thomas Percy who being slain in the Civil wars by Hen. 4. Richard Beauchamp descended from the Abtots received this honour from K. Hen. 5. After him who died without heirs male John Tiptoft Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was created Earl of Worcester by K. Hen. 6. And he presently after siding with Edward 4. and accommodating himself with a blind obedience to the humour of that Prince became the Executioner of his vengeance till he in like manner lost his own head when Hen. 6. was restored But K. Edward having recovered the Crown restored Edward Tiptoft his son to all again He died without issue and the estate was divided among the sisters of that John Tiptoft who was Earl of Worcester Orig. 1 H. 7. R. 36. who were married to the Lord Roos Lord Dudley and Edmund Ingoldsthorp whereupon Charles Somerset natural son of Henry Duke of Somerset was honoured with that title by K. Hen. 8. to whom in a direct line have succeeded Henry William and Edward who is now living and among his other vertuous and noble qualities is to be honoured as a great Patron of good literature This County hath 152 Parishes ADDITIONS to WORCESTERSHIRE a AFTER the Britains were expell'd this nation by the Conquering Saxons they retir'd beyond the Severn and defended their new Territories against the encroaching Enemy So that the County of Worcester with those other through which that large river runs were for a long time the frontiers between the two people And * Breviar f. 26. p. 1. as Mr. Twine has observ'd most of the great cities that lye upon the East-shore of Severn and Dee were built to resist the irruptions of the Britains by the Romans or Saxons or both like as the Romans erected many places of strength on the West-shore of the Rhine to restrain the forcible invasions of the Germans into France b The people of those parts in Bede's time before England was divided into Counties were as our Author observes term'd Wiccii as also were some of their neighbours But the great question is how far that name reach'd the solution whereof is not attempted by Mr. Camden They seem to have inhâ—bited all that tract which was anciently subject to the Bishops of Worcester that is all Glocestershire on the East-side Severn with the city of Bristol all Worcestershire except 16 parishes in the North-west-part lying beyond Aberley-hills and the river Teme and near the South-half of Warwickshire with Warwick-town For as under the Heptarchy at first there was but one Bishop in each kingdom and the whole realm was his Diocese so upon the subdividing the kingdom of Mercia into five Bishopricks An. Dom. 679. of which Florentius Wigorniensis saith Wiccia was the first doubtless the Bishop had the entire Province under his jurisdiction and accordingly he was stil'd Bishop of the Wiccians and not of Worcester This will appear more probable yet from a passage in †P. 559. edit Lond. quarto Florentius who saith that Oshere Vice-Roy of the Wiccians perswaded Aethelred King of Mercia to make this division out of a desire that the Province of Wiccia which he govern'd with a sort of Regal power might have the honour of a Bishop of its own This being effected his See was at Worcester the Metropolis of the Province which according to ‖ Hist Ecel lib. 2. cap. 2. Bede border'd on the Kingdom of the West-Saxons that is Wiltshire and Somersetshire and Coteswold-hills lye in it which in Eadgar's Charter to Oswald is call'd Mons Wiccisca or Wiccian-hill tho' * Concil Tom. 1. p. 433. Spelman reads it corruptly Monte Wittisca and the †Monast Angl. T. 1. p. 140. Monasticon more corruptly Wibisca Moreover Sceorstan which possibly is the Shire-stone beyond these hills is said by ‖ Flor. p. 385. 4o. Florentius to be in Wiccia c Having premi's thus much concerning the ancient Inhabitants of those parts let us next with Mr. Camden go thorow the County it self In the very North-point whereof lies Stourbridge Stourbridge so nam'd from the river Stour upon which it stands a well-built market-town and of late much enrich'd by the iron and glass-works King Edward the sixth sounded and liberally endow'd a Grammar-school here and in our time near this place the pious munificence of Tho. Foley Esq erected a noble Hospital and endow'd it with Lands for the maintenance and education of 60 poor Children chosen mostly out of this and some neighbour parishes They are instructed in Grammar Writing Arithmetick c. to fit them for trades Their habit and discipline are much like that of Christ's Hospital in London d Going along with the Stour not far from its entrance into the Severn we meet with Kidderminster Kidderminster famous for the Bissets Lords of it part of whose estate Mr. Camden tells us upon a division came to an Hospital in Wiltshire built for Lepers This was Maiden-Bradley * Monast Angl. Tom. 2. p. 408. which was built by Manser Bisset in King Stephen's time or the beginning of Henr. 2. and endow'd by him and his son Henry long before the estate was divided among daughters †Dugd Baronage T. 1. p. 632. For that hapned not till the year 1241. so that the Tradition of the Leprous Lady is a vulgar fable e Leaving this river our next guide is the Severn upon which stands Holt-castle Holt castlâ—â— now the inheritance of the Bromleys descended from Sir Thomas Bromley Lord Chancellor of England in the middle of Queen Elizabeth's reign A little below Salwarp enters the Severn not far from the first lies Grafton Grafton which Mr. Camden tells us was given to Gilbert Talbot and that hapned upon the attainder of Humfrey Stafford Brook's Cataloguâ— of
Trinity appear'd to him saying Why hast thou cast me out of my own Seat and out of the Church of Doun and plac'd there my S. Patrick the Patron of Ireland For John Curcy had expell'd the Secular Canons out of the Cathedral Church of Doun and introduc'd the black Monks of Chester in their room And the Holy Trinity stood there upon a stately Shrine and John himself took it down out of the Church and order'd a Chappel to be built for it setting up the Image of S. Patrick in the great Church which displeas'd the most-high God Wherefore he bid him assure himself he should never set foot in his Seignory again However in regard of other good Deeds he should be deliver'd out of Prison with Honour which happen'd accordingly For a Controversy arising between John King of England and the King of France about a Lordship and certain Castles the King of France offer'd by a Champion to try his Right Upon this the King call'd to mind his valiant Knight John Curcy whom he cast in Prison upon the information of others so he sent for him and ask'd him if he were able to serve him in this Combat John answer'd He would not fight for him but for the Right of the Kingdom with all his Heart which he undertook to do afterwards And so refresh'd himself with Meat Drink and Bathing in the mean while and recover'd his Strength Whereupon a day was appointed for the Engagement of those Champions namely John Curcy and the other But as soon as the Champion of France heard of his great Stomach and mighty Valour he refus'd the Combat and the said Seignory was given to the King of England The King of France then desired to see a Blow of the said Curcy Whereupon he set a strong Helmet * Plenan loricis full of Mail upon a large Block and with his Sword after he had look'd about him in a grim manner struck the Helmet through from the very Crest into the Block so very fast that no one therâ— was able to pull it out till he himself at the request of the twâ— Kings did it easily Then they ask'd him Why he look'd so gruâ— behind him before he struck So he told them If he had fail'd iâ— giving it he would have certainly cut them all off as well Kingâ— as others The Kings made him large Presents and the King of Englanâ— restor'd him also to his Seigniory viz. Ulster John Curcy attempteâ— 15 several times to sail over into Ireland but was always in danger and the Wind cross'd him so he waited awhile among the Monk of Chester and at last sail'd into France and there died MCCV. The Abby of Wetheny in the County of Limerick was founded by Theobald the Son of Walter Butler Lord oâ— Carryk MCCVI. The Order of Friars Minors was begun near the Ciâ—â— Assisa by S. Francis MCCVIII William de Brewes was banish'd out of England anâ— came into Ireland England was interdicted for the Tyranny 〈◊〉 King John A great defeat and slaughter was given at Thurles iâ— Munster by Sir Geffery Mareys to the Lord Chief Justice of Inland's Men. MCCX John King of England came to Ireland with a greâ—â— Fleet and a strong Army and the Sons of Hugh Lacy viz. thâ— Lord Walter Lord of Meth and Hugh his Brother for their Tâ—ranny but particularly for the Murder of Sir John Courson Loâ—â— of Rathenny and Kilbarrock for they had heard that the saâ—â— John accus'd them to the King were driven out of the Nation So they fled into France and serv'd in the Monasteries of S. Taurâ—â— unknown being employ'd in Clay or Brick-work and sometimâ—â— in Gardens as Gardeners But at length they were discover'd bâ— the Abbot who intreated the King on their behalf for he haâ— baptiz'd their Sons and had been as a Father to them in manâ— things So Walter Lacy paid two thousand fâ—ve hundred Markâ— and Hugh Lacy a great Sum of Mony likewise for their Ransom and they were restor'd again to their former Degree and Lordshiâ— by the Abbot's Intercession Walter Lacy brought with him Johâ— the son of Alured i.e. Fitz-Acory Son to the aforesaid Abboâ— whole Brother and Knighted him giving him the Seignory 〈◊〉 Dengle and many others Moreover he brought Monks with hiâ— out of the said Monastery and bestow'd many Farms upon theâ— with the Cell call'd Foury for their Charity Liberality and gooâ— Counsel Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster built a Cell also for tâ—â— Monks in Ulster and endow'd it in a place call'd John King 〈◊〉 England having taken many Hostages as well of the English as 〈◊〉 the Irish and hang'd a number of Malefactors upon Gibbets aâ—â— setled Affairs return'd into England the same Year MCCXI. Sir Richard Tuyt was crush'd to death by the fall of Tower at Alone He founded the Monastery de Grenard MCCXII The Abby of Grenard was founded This saâ—â— year died John Comyn Archbishop of Dublin and was burieâ— within the Quire of Trinity Church he built S. Patrick's Churâ—â— at Dublin Henry Londres succeeded him sirnam'd Scorch-Villeyâ— from an Action of his For having call'd in his Tenants one daâ— to know by what Tenure they held of him they show'd him the Deeds and Charters to satisfie him whereupon he order'd them to be burnt and hence got the name of Scorch-Villeyn given him by his Tenants This Henry Archbishop of Dublin was Justiciary of Ireland and built Dublin-castle MCCXIII William Petit and Peter Messet departed this life Peter Messet was Baron of Luyn hard by Trim but dying without Heir-male the Inheritance fell to the three Daughters of whom the Lord Vernail married the eldest Talbot the second and Loundres the third who by this means shar'd the Inheritance among them MCCXIX The City of Damieta was miraculously won on the Nones of September about Midnight without the loss of one Christian The same year died William Marshall the Elder Earl Marshal and Earl of Pembrock * The Genealogy â—f the Earl Marshall who by his Wife the Daughter of Richard Strongbow Earl of Strogul had five Sons The eldest was call'd William the second Walter the third Gilbert the fourth Anselm and the fifth Richard who lost his Life in â—he War of Kildare every one of them successively enjoy'd the â—nheritance of their Father and died all without Issue So the Inâ—eritance devolv'd upon the Sisters namely the Daughters of their Father who were Maud Marshall the Eldest Isabel Clare the seâ—ond Eva Breous the third Joan Mount Chensey the fourth and Sibill Countess of Firrars the fifth Maud Marshall was married to Hugh Bigod Earl of Norfolk who was Earl Marshal of England â—n right of his Wife By whom he had Ralph Bigod Father of John Bigod the Son of the Lady Bertha Furnival and * The Widow of Gilbert Lacy. Isabel Lacy Wife to John Lord Fitz-Geffery by whom after the death of Hugh de Bigod Earl of Norfolk she had John de Guaren Earl of Surry
and his Sister Isabel de Albeny Countess of Arundel Isabel the second Sister was married to Gilbert Clare Earl of Glocester she had Richard de Clare Earl of Glocester and the Lady Anise Countess of * Perhaps â—evonia Averna â—â—â—e uxoris who was Mother of Isabel the †Mother of the Lord Robert Brus Earl of Carrick in Scotland afterwards King of that Nation â—is place 〈◊〉 corrupâ—â—d From Eva Brus the third Sister descended Maud the Mother of the Lord Edmund Mortimer Mother of the Lady Eva de Cauntelow Mother of the Lady Milsoud de Mohun who was Moâ—â—er to Dame Eleanor Mother to the Earl of Hereford Joan â—arshall the fourth Sister was married to the Lord Guarin of Mount â—hinsey and had Issue Joan de Valens Sybil Countess of Ferâ—â—s the fifth Sister had Issue seven Daughters the eldest call'd â—â—gnes Vescie Mother of the Lord John and the Lord William Vesâ—â—e the second Isabel Basset the third Joan Bohun Wife to the â—ord John Mohun Son of the Lord Reginald the fourth Sibyl â—ohun Wife to the Lord Francis Bohun Lord of Midhurst the fifth Eleanor Vaus Wife to the Earl of Winchester the sixth * Agatha Agas Mortimer Wife to the Lord Hugh Mortimer â—â—e seventh Maud Kyme Lady of Karbry These are all both â—ales and Females the Posterity of the said William Earl Marshal MCCXX. The Translation of S. Thomas of Canterbury The â—â—me year died the Lord Meiler Fitz-Henry founder of Connal â—nd was buried in the Chapter-House of the said Foundation MCCXXIV The Castle of Bedford was besieg'd and the Castle â—f Trim in Ireland MCCXXV Died Roger Pippard and in the year MCCXXVIII â—â—ed William Pippard formerly Lord of the Salmon-leap This â—ear died likewise Henry Londres alias Scorch-Villeyn Archbishop â—f Dublin and was buried in Trinity-church there MCCXXX Henry King of England gave Hubert Burk â—â—e Justiceship and the Third Penny of Kent and â—ade him also Earl of Kent Afterward the same Hubert was â—â—prison'd and great Troubles arose between the King and his â—â—bjects because he adher'd to Strangers more than to his own naâ—â—ral Subjects MCCXXXI William Mareschall the younger Earl Marshal and â—arl of Pembrock departed this life and was buried in the Quire â—f the Friers Predicants in Kilkenny MCCXXXIV Richard Earl Mareschall Earl of Pembrock and â—rogull was wounded in a Battel in the Plain of Kildare on the â—â—st day before the Ides of April and some few days after died in Kilkeny and there was buried hard by his * Girmanum natural Brother viz. William in the Quire of the Friers Predicants Of whom this was written Cujus sub fossa Kilkennia continet ossa MCCXL Walter Lacy Lord of Meth died this year in Engâ—â—nd leaving two Daughters to inherit his Estate of whom the â—â—rst was married to Sir Theobald Verdon and the second to Gefâ—ery de Genevile MCCXLIII This year died Hugh Lacy Earl of Ulster and â—as buried in Cragsergus in the Convent of the Friers Minors â—eaving a Daughter who was married to Walter Burk Earl of Ulster The same year died Lord Gerald Fitz-Maurice and Lord â—ichard de Burgo MCCXLVI An Earthquake about nine of the Clock over all â—he West MCCXLVIII Sir John Fitz-Geffery came Lord Justiciary into â—reland MCCL. Lewis King of France and William Long-Espee were â—aken Prisoners with many others by the Saracens In Ireland Maccanewey a Son of Belial was slain in Leys as he deserv'd In the year MCCLI. The Lord Henry Lacy was born Upon Christmas-day likewise Alexander King of Scots in the 11th year of his Age was then contracted with Margaret the daughter of the King of England at York MCCLV Alan de la Zouch was made and came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLVII This year died the Lord Maurice Fitz-Gerald MCCLIX Stephen Long-Espee came Justiciary into Ireland The green Castle in Ulster was demolish'd William Dene was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXI The Lord John Fitz-Thomas and the Lord Maurice his Son were slain in Desmond by Mac Karthy Item William Dene Justiciary dy'd and Sir Richard Capel put in his room the same year MCCLXII Richard Clare Earl of Glocester died this year as also Martin de Maundevile on the morrow of S. Bennet's day MCCLXIV Maurice Fitz-Gerald and Maurice Fitz-Maurice took Prisoners Richard Capel the Lord Theobald Botiller and the Lord John Cogan at Tristel-Dermot MCCLXVII David de Barry was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXVIII Comin Maurice Fitz-Maurice was drown'd The Lord Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXIX The Castle of Roscoman was begun this year Richard of Exeter was made Justiciary MCCLXX The Lord James de Audley came Justiciary into Ireland MCCLXXI Henry the son of the King of Almain was slain in the Court of Rome Plague Famine and Sword rag'd this year particularly in Meth. Nicholas de Verdon and his Brother John were slain Walter de Burgo Earl of Ulster died MCCLXXII The Lord James Audley Justiciary of England was kill'd by a fall from his Horse in Tothomon and was succeeded in this Office by the Lord Maurice Fitz-Maurice MCCLXXIII The Lord Geffery Genevile return'd from the Holy Land and was made Justiciary of Ireland MCCLXXIV Edward the son of King Henry was anointed and crown'd King of England by Robert Kilwarby a Frier-Predicant Archbishop of Canterbury upon S. Magnus the Martyr's day in the Church of Westminster in the presence of all the Nobility and Gentry His Protestation and Oath was in this form I Edward son and heir of King Henry do profess protest and promise before God and his holy Angels from this time forward to maintain without partiality the Law Justice and Peace of the Church of God and the People subject unto me so far as we can devise by the counsel of our liege and legal Ministers as also to exhibit due and canonical Honour to the Bishops of God's Church to preserve unto them inviolably whatsoever has been granted by former Emperors and Kings to the Church of God and to pay due Honour to the Abbots and the Lord's Ministers according to the advice of our Lieges c. so help me God and the holy Gospels of the Lord. This year died the Lord John Verdon and the Lord Thomas de Clare came into Ireland And William Fitz-Roger Prior of the Hospitallers was taken Prisoner at Glyndelory with many others and more slain MCCLXXV The Castle of Roscoman was built again The same year Modagh was taken Prisoner at Norragh by Sir Walter le Faunte MCCLXXVI Robert Ufford was made Justiciary of Ireland upon the surrender of Geffery de Genevill MCCLXXVII O Brene slain MCCLXXVIII The Lord David Barry died this year as also the Lord John Cogan MCCLXXIX The Lord Robert d'Ufford went into England and appointed Frier Robert de Fulborne Bishop of Waterford to supply his place In whose time the Mony was chang'd A Round Table was also held at Kenylworth by Roger Lord Mortimer MCCLXXX Robert d'Ufford return'd from England