Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	henry_n	king_n	marry_v	5,109	5	9.3955	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71305	Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1625 (1625)	STC 20509_pt3; ESTC S111862	2,393,864	1,207

Offerings and obtayned diuers Immunities of the Emperour and Pope After his returne he inuaded the Scots and ouercame King Malcolme with two other Kings He going from Rome to Denmarke sent a Letter to his English subjects thus beginning Canutus Rex totius Angliae Danemerciae Norreganorum partis Suanorum Aethelnotho Metropolitan● Alfrico Eboracensi Archiepiscopo omnibusque Episcopis Primatibus toti Anglorum genti tam nobilibu● quam plebeijs salutem Notifico vobis me nouiter iuisse Romam oratum pro redemptio●e peccaminum meorum pro salute Regnorum quique meo subiacent regimini populorum Hanc quidem profectionem Deo iam olim deuoueram sed pro negotijs Regni causis impedientibus huc vsque perficere non potui Nunc autem ipsi Deo meo Omnipotenti valdè humiliter gratias ago qui mihi concessit in vita mea Sanctos Apostolos suos Petrum Paulum omne Sanctuarium quod iuxta vrbem Romam aut extra addiscere potui expetere secundum desiderium meum presentialiter venerari adorare Ob id ergo maximè hoc patrau● quia à sapientibus didici sanctum Petrum Apostolum magnam potestatem à Domino accepisse ligandi atque soluendi clauigerumque esse Regni Celestis ideo speciale eius patrocinium apud Dominum diligenter expetere valdè vtile duxi c. HONDIVS his Map of Denmarke DANIAE REGNŪ Canutus before his death set his Sonne Suanus in possession of Norway and Hardecanutus his Sonne ouer the Danes Harald and Hardecanutus diuided England betwixt them after his death Anno 1035. and Harald dying Anno 1040. that quarrell was ended and soone after by the others death the Danish Empire in England the small space of King Edward interceding that and another Conquest of the Normans descended also of like Northerne namely of Norwegian Originall Canutus his Daughter Cunilda was married to Henry the Emperour and being accused of Adultery against a Giantly Champion appeared in her defence a childish English Dwarffe which serued her who slue the Giant and presented his head to the Ladie who thereupon diuorced herselfe and became a Nunne Su●n● King of Norway after fiue yeeres deceased and Canutus his ill-gotten English and Norwegian wings were quickly not only pulled but cut off The English had occasion of further inuasion to and from Norway For Suanus decessing the Norwegians chose Magnus the Sonne of Saint Olaue for their King which when Hardecanutus vnderstood as the Danish Storie set forth by Erpold Lind●nbruch testifieth hee inuaded Norway with his English and Danish forces where he and Magnus came to composition that the Suruiuour should enjoy both Kingdomes When Hard●canu●● was dead Su●●● the Sonne of Estrid his Sister succeeded and Magnus King of Norway fought with Su●●● to obtayne his couenanted Kingdome of Denmarke and ouercame him Su●●● fled into Sweden and there abode till the death of Magnus after which he recouered his Danish Scepter Flore●tius writeth that Suanus sent to King Edward the Confessor intreating his side with a Nauie against M●gnus Earle Godwine counselled to send fiftie ships but Earle Leofrike and the people refused and Magnus with a great Nauie fought with Su●●us and expelled him his Kingdome which hee after recouered Harald Haruager the Sonne of Si●ard King of Nor●ay and Brother by the Mothers side to Saint Olaue obtayned Norway after his Nephew Magnus and sent an Embassage to King Edward whereby Peace and Amitie was concluded betwixt both the Kings He after King Edwards death inuaded England with a great Nauie of three hundred ships and discomfited the Earles Edwine and M●rcar neere Yorke but fiue dayes after Harold then King Sonne of Earle Godwin slue his Brother Tosti and Haruagre at Stamford Bridge permitting his Sonne Olaue to returne vpon conditions to Norway But whiles he conuerted the spoyle to his owne proper vse he gaue such disgust to the English that a few dayes after in the battayle with William Earle of Normandie they were lesse zealous of his cause where a new Norman period beganne those Northerne quarrels hauing had no other end but this succession I shall not need to adde what followed the Norman Acts in Italie Palestina and other places I haue handled else-where little occurring of Mars but Mercurie of which I haue by me Letters from King Henry the Third the first yeere of his Reigne to 〈◊〉 or Haqu●n then King of Norway for mutuall Trafficke betwixt both their subjects It is remarkable that the Northerne humour of spoile slaughter and bloud continued whiles they were Pagans and expired in manner with their Paganisme both in Norwegians and Danes as if God would first by them punish the vices of those times and withall conquer the Conquerours with the Religion of the conquered and by so strange a way bring the Northerne World by this way of destroying to saluation Since that time the State of Norway Island and other parts hath decayed in numbers of shipping courage of men and other meanes of Earthly greatnesse Somewhat yet for History and an Historians sake I will adde of Matth●●●ari● an Englishman his Voyage to Norway In the yeere 1247. Matthew Paris recordeth that on the day of Saint Olaue a famous Saint in the Regions and Ilands of Norway Ha●on was crowned King and solemnely anointed at Berga by the Bishop of Sabine then Legate from the Pope in those parts For the honour whereof the said King gaue the Pope 15000. Markes sterling besides inualuable Gifts which the Legate himselfe had and fiue hundred Markes by him extorted saith our Author from the Church of that Kingdome The King also receiuing the Crosse for the Holy Land Expedition obtayned of the Pope the third part of the Ecclesiasticall Reuenues of that Kingdome towards his charges Which Lewis the French King knowing writ in friendly termes to Hacon to beare him company in the said Expedition offering him full power in regard of his Sea-skill ouer his Nauie and ouer the French Army This Letter was carried by our Authour Matthew Paris to whom King Hacon answered that he gaue great thankes to that deuour King but knew in part the nature of the French as saith the Poet 〈…〉 and I say Omnisque superbus Impati●us cons●rtis erit My people is impe●uous indiscreet and impatient of wrongs which might occasion irreparable damage and therefore it is fitter for each to goe by himselfe But I haue written to the King for quiet passage thorow his Countrey and prouisions as need required The Kings Answere thereto and Letter● Patents were also deliuered to him by this our Author in this forme Ludonicus Dei gratia Francorum Rex vniuersi 〈◊〉 fid●libus 〈◊〉 Balli●is Maio●ibus Praepositis ad quos praes●ntes liter● p●ruanerint salutem Cum clarissimus noster Illustris Hacon Rex Norwegiae in subsidium T●rrae sancta transfretare proponat sicut nobis

their returne goe backe againe to Acre to the Legate carrying with them Marco aforesaid and hauing gone to Ierusalem and fetched of the Oyle with the Legats Letters testifying their fidelitie to the Great Chan and that a Pope was not yet chosen they went againe towards Giazza In the meane time whiles they were going Messengers came from the Cardinals to the Legate declaring vnto him that he was chosen Pope and he called himselfe Gregorie Hearing this presently sending Messengers hee calleth backe the Venetians and admonisheth them not to depart preparing other Letters for them which they should present vnto the Great Chan of the Tartars with whom he also ioyned two Preaching Friars men famous for their honest conuersation and learning whereof the one was called Friar Nicolo Dauicenza the other Friar Guielmo da Tripoli To these hee gaue Letters and Priuiledges and authoritie to order Priests and Bishops and of all absolution as if himselfe were present with Presents also of great value and Crystall vessels to present the great Chan together with his Benediction They came to Giazza a Port of the Sea in Armenia And because Bentiochdare the Sultan of Babylon leuying a great Armie had then inuaded the Armenians the two Friars mentioned began to bee afraid of themselues and deliuering the Letters and Presents to Master Nicolo and Maffio and Marco desiring to auoide the danger of the wayes and perill of warres remayned with the Master of the Temple and returned with him But the three Venetians exposing themselues to all danger with many labours and much difficultie trauelled many dayes alwaies towards the North-east and North till they after three yeeres and a halfe came vnto the Emperour of the Tartars vnto the Citie called Clemenfu for in the Winter time their iourney had often and long hinderantes by reason of the snow and extreme cold and inundations of waters Moreouer King Cublai hearing that they were comming who were yet very farre off sent Messengers fortie dayes iourney to meet them who should conduct them and minister all necessaries for the iourney Going therefore to the Kings Court and being brought to his presence they fell downe before him on their faces yeelding the accustomed reuerence Of whom being curteously receiued they are willed to arise and he commandeth them to declare how they passed the diuers dangers of the wayes and what they had treated with the Bishop of Rome Then they orderly declare all things and giue the Emperour the Popes Letters and Presents which they brought Whereat the Chan wonderfull reioycing commended their faithfull cares The Oyle also brought from the Lampe of the Lords Sepulcher and offered vnto him hee reuerently receiued of them and commanded it should bee honourably preserued And asking of Marco who hee was Master Nicolo answered that he was his Maiesties seruant and his sonne Hee entertayned him with a friendly countenance and caused him to write amongst other his honourable Courtiers Whereupon he was much esteemed of all the Court and in a little space learned the customes of the Tartars and foure diuers Languages being able to write and reade them all The great Chan to make his wisedome more apparent committed an Embassage vnto him to be performed in a Citie called Carahan vnto the which he could scarcely attayne in sixe moneths space But he carrying himselfe wisely in all things discharged what hee had in comission not without the commendation and fauour of the Prince And knowing the Emperour was delighted with nouelties in the Countries which he passed thorow he diligently searched the customes and manners of men and the conditions of the Countries making a memoriall of all which he knew and saw to pleasure the Great Chan. And in sixe and twentie yeeres which he continued one of his Court he was so acceptable to him that he was continually sent thorow all his Realmes and Signiories for the affaires of the Great Chan and sometimes for his owne but by the Chans order And this is the true reason that the said Master Marco learned and saw so many nouelties of the East which follow in order diligently written But these Venetians hauing stayd in that Court many yeeres and growne very rich in Iewels of great value were inflamed with desire to visit their Countrey fearing that if the Chan now old should die they should not bee able to returne One day Master Nicolo seeing the Chan merrie craued licence to depart in the name of all three Whereat hee was moued and asked why they would put themselues on so dangerous a iourney and if they wanted riches he would giue them twice as much as they had and in great loue would not permit their departure Yet in the meane space it happened that a King of the Indians named Argon sent three wise men vnto the Court of Great Cublai whose names were Vlatai Apusca Coza to treat with him that he wold deliuer him a wife for his wife named Bolgana being lately dead begged this grace of the King at the point of death and left in her Wil that he should not marrie a wife of another Familie then her owne which was of Catay King Cublai therefore yeelding to his request caused to be fought out for them a faire young Mayden of seuenteene yeeres of age named Cogatin descended of the said Queenes stocke and to be the wife of Argon These Embassadors departing rode eight moneths the same way they came but found so hot warres betwixt the Tartars that they were constrayned to returne and acquainted the Chan with their proceedings Meane-whiles Master Marco had returned from the parts of India where he had beene employed with certaine ships and declared to the Chan the nouelties of the places and the securitie of those Seas which words hauing passed him the Embassadours conferred with the Venetians and agreed that they with the Queene should goe to the Great Chan and desire leaue to returne by Sea and to haue the three Latines men skilfull in Sea affaires with them to the Countrey of King Argon The Great Chan was much displeased with their request yet vpon their petition granted it and caused Nicolo Maffio and Marco to come to his presence and after much demonstration of his loue would haue them promise to returne to him after they had spent some time in Christendome and at their owne house And he caused to giue them a Tablet of Gold in which was written his commandement for their libertie and securitie thorow all his Dominions and that expenses should bee giuen them and theirs and a Guide or conuoy for safe passage ordayning also that they should be his Embassadours to the Pope the Kings of France of Spayne and to other Christian Kings Hee caused fourteene ships to be prepared each hauing foure Masts and able to beare nine Sayles in sayling the forme of which is too long here to relate Foure of them or fiue had from two hundred and fiftie to two

liking Englands fertilitie better then that their own sterilit●e and rockie barrennesse 〈◊〉 by force of warres often to conquer that which would not be peaceably yeelded till King Edward a maintainer of peace with consent of the Kingd●me permitted them to dwell heere at pleasure as sworne brethren to the English Octher subiect and seruant to King Alfr●d aboue seuen hundred yeeres since related to his said Lord 〈◊〉 voyage from He●gola●● where he then dwelt to the North Cape and as probable circumstances argue along the coast to the Bay of Saint Nicolas Aedgar that famous founder of Monasteries is said by Ranulphu● Cest●ensis to haue in annuall vse foure thousand ships and by Flores Historiarum foure thousand eight hundred 〈◊〉 yeerely to compasse this Iland with his Nauie quadripartite twelue hundred in the East as many in the West and like proportions on the North and on the South coasts to secure the Seas and secure his subiects And in the Charter of the foundation of the Cathedrall Church of Worcester he vseth these words Mihi autem concessit propitia diuinitas 〈◊〉 Anglorum Imperio omnia Regn● Insularium Oceani cum suis fercissimis Regibus vsque Norwegia●● Maximamque partem Hyberniae cum sua nobilissima ciuitate Dubli●ia Anglorum Regno subi●g●re c. Hee also stiles himselfe King and Emperour of the Ocean and the Hands about Britaine beginning Ego Aedg●rus Anglorum Basileus om●i●mque Regum Insularum Oceani●●● Britannium circumiacentis cunctarumque Nationum quae infra eam includuntur Imperator Dominus So potent was he first of the English Kings for Arthur was a Briton by his strong shipping and well manned and mannaged Nauie Florentius Wigorniensis stileth him ●los dec●●s antecess●rum Regum Pacificus Rex Aedgarus non min●● memorab●lis Anglis quàm Romul●s Rowanis Cyrus Persis Alexander Macedonibus Arsaces Parthis Carolus Magnus Francis and addeth as before is notified 〈…〉 3600. 〈◊〉 sibi congregauerat naues ex quibus Paschali emensa 〈…〉 Anno 1200. In orientali 1200. in occidental● 1200. in Sep●●●trionali insulae plaga coadunare ad occidental●● 〈◊〉 orientali classe illa remissa ad borealem cum occidentali ipsaque rem●ssa cum boreali ad orien●alem classem remigare eoque modo totam insulam omni aestate consueuerat cincumnauigare viriliter hoc agens ad defensionem contra exteros Regni sui suum sisorumque ad bellicos vsus exercitium Both Florentius and Malmesbury and Mat. Westminster record that hee sitting at the Sterne was rowed by eight Kings his Tributaries Kined King of Scots Macolm of Cumberland Macon of Man and many Ilands Dufnal of D●metia Siferth and Howel Kings of Wales Iacob King of Galwales and Iukil of Westmar hauing the same day there met at his summons and sworne fealtie and assistance to him by Sea and Land These rowed him in the Riuer Dee to the Monastery from his Palace and thence after seruice backe againe So rightly did he instile himselfe in his Charter to Malmesbury Ego Aedgarus totius Albionis Basileus nec non 〈…〉 Regum circumhabitantium c. HONDIVS his Map of NORVVEGIA and SVETIA SVECIA ET Norwegia 〈◊〉 And such was the Danish tyranny that euery Dane was stiled Lord Dane and had at his commandement the wiues daughters and the whole houshold where hee became But after the death of Hardicanutus that title was turned into the reproachfull terme of Lurdane and the day of his death as the Roman Fugalia was celebrated with open pastime and feasting in the streets called Hocktide or Hucktide as if England then absolutely freed made a mocke or scorne of her enemies Canutus by treason of Eadrike Streona obtained the Kingdome first as partner with Edmund Ironside and after his death the whole by other perfidie slaying Eadwy brother of King Edmund and sending Edmunds two sonnes Edward and Edmund to the King of Sweden to be there made away But hee hating such crueltie sent them to Salomon King of H●ngary to bring vp where Edmund dyed and Edward married Agatha daughter of Henry the Emperour by whom hee had Aedgar Athling and Margaret married to Malcolm King of Scots the mother of Maud wife to Henry the first and Christine a Nun. Canutus diuided the Kingdome into foure parts of which hee reserued West Saxonie to himselfe East England hee committed to Earle Turkill Mercia to Duke Edrike and Northumberland to Earle Erike Soone after he caused Duke Edrike which treacherously had aduanced him to the Crowne to bee slaine a iust reward of treason and then banished Earle Turkill and Earle Erike picking quarrell with them weary of any stalking horses the former of which was presently after his landing in Denmarke slain And now did Canutus seeke to win the fauour of the English by building and endowing Monasteries making good Lawes and marrying Emma the relict of King Ethelred Thus hauing Denmarke by inheritance and England by conquest treachery his ambition next aimed at Sweden where first he had the worse but after compelled Vlf and Eiglaf the Kings of that Countrie to composition with him Earle Godwin the Generall of the English prouoking and animating the English to recouer their pristine glory and by solid vertue to ouercome them who had ouercome their new Lord whose fortune had subiected the English Thus Canutus preuailed by Godwines policie and English valour they by night without the Kings knowledge or assistance of the Danish Armie assaulting and ouerthrowing the Swedens hee the next day missing the English and fearing they had turned to the Enemy till giuing the onset with his Danes vpon the forsaken Campe of the Enemy he found there nothing but carkasses and spoyle Anno 1027. hauing intelligence that the Norwegians contemned their King Olaue for his simplicitie he sent great summes of Gold and Siluer to the Grandes of Norway to corrupt them and caused them to reject Olaue and to choose him for their King For peruerted with gifts they sent him word to come to them whom he should find readie to entertayne him An. 1028. he went with a fleet of fifty sayle to Norway and expelled Olaue subjecting that Kingdome to himselfe Olaue which had beene the King Doctor Preacher and Apostle of the Norwegians as Florilegus stileth him the sonne of Harald King of Norway was slayne Anno 1030. and cruelly butchered by his treacherous Norwegians with an Axe or Hatchet for disanulling their Pagan superstitions and hee since is there superstitiously worshipped for a Saint whom then trayterously they permitted not to reigne or breathe The same yeere perished at Sea or as some say was slayne in one of the Orcades Earle Hacun whom Canutus fearing had banished in colour of sending him Embassadour His greatnesse hauing to wife his sisters daughter made him grow suspicious And according to the deuotion of that time Anno 1031. Canutus or Cunto went to Rome on Pilgrimage and there made magnificent

a square sharpe spire rising from the top thereof being more then a cubite in length and fashioned like vnto a Pinacle The said Botta they couer all ouer with a piece of rich Silke and it is hollow within and vpon the midst of the said spire or square top they put a bunch of Q●ils or of slender Canes a cubite long and more and the said bunch on the top thereof they beautifie with Peacockes Feathers and round about all the length thereof with the Feathers of a Malards taile and with precious stones also Great Ladies weare this kind of ornament vpon their heads binding it strongly with a certaine Hat or Coyfe which hath a hole in the crowne fit for the spire to come through it and vnder the foresaid ornament they couer the haires of their heads which they gather vp round together from the hinder part thereof to the crowne and so lap them vp in a knot or bundell within the said Botta which afterward they bind strongly vnder their throats Hereupon when a great company of such Gentlewomen ride together and are beheld a farre off they seeme to be Souldiers with Helmets on their heads carrying their Lances vpright for the said Botta appeareth like an Helmet with a Lance ouer it All their Women sit on horse-backe bestriding their Horses like men and they binde their hoods or gownes about their wastes with a sky-coloured Silke Skarfe and with another Skarfe they gird it aboue their breasts and they binde also a piece of white Silke like a Mufler or Maske vnder their eyes reaching downe vnto their breasts These Gentlewomen are exceeding fat and the lesser their noses be the fairer they are esteemed they dawbe ouer their sweet faces with grease too shamefully and they neuer lye in bed for their trauell of child-birth THe duties of Women are to driue Carts to lay their houses vpon Carts and to take them downe againe to milke Kine to make Butter and Gry-vt to dresse skinnes and to sew them which they vsually sew with thread made of sinewes for they diuide sinewes in slender threads and then twine them into one long thread They make Sandals and Socks and other Garments Howbeit they neuer wash any apparell for they lay that God is then angry and that dreadfull thunder will ensue if washed garments be hanged forth to dry yea they beate such as wash and take their garments from them They are wonderfully afraid of thunder for in the time of thunder they thrust all strangers out of their houses and then wrapping themselues in blacke Felt they lye hidden therein till the thunder be ouer-past They neuer wash their dishes or bowles yea when their flesh is sodden they wash the platter wherein it must be put with scalding hot broath out of the pot and then powre the said broath into the pot againe They make Felt also and couer their houses therewith The duties of the Men are to make Bowes and Arrowes Stirrops Bridles and Saddles to build Houses and Carts to keepe Horses to milke Mares to churne Cosmos and Mares Milke and to make bags wherein to put it they keepe Camels also and lay burthens vpon them As for Sheepe and Goats they tend and milke them as well the Men as the Women With Sheeps Milke thicked and salted they dresse and tan their Hides When they will wash their hands or their heads they fill their mouthes full of Water and spowting it into their hands by little and little they sprinkle their haire and wash their heads therewith As touching marriages your Highnesse is to vnderstand that no man can haue a Wife among them till he hath bought her whereupon sometimes their Maids are very stale before they be married for their Parents alwaies keepe them till they can sell them They keepe the first and second degrees of Consanguinitie inuiolable as wee doe but they haue no regard of the degrees of Affinitie for they will marrie together or by succession two Sisters Their Widowes marrie not at all for this reason because they beleeue that all who haue serued them in this life shall doe them seruice in the life to come also Whereupon they are perswaded that euery Widow after death shall returne vnto her owne Husband And here-hence ariseth an abominable and filthy custome among them namely that the Sonne marrieth sometimes all his Fathers Wiues except his owne Mother For the Court or House of the Father or Mother falleth by inheritance alwaies to the younger Sonne Whereupon he is to prouide for all his Fathers Wiues because they are part of his Inheritance as well as his Fathers possessions And then if he will he vseth them for his owne Wiues for he thinkes it no insurie or disparagement vnto himselfe although they returne vnto his Father after death Therfore when any man hath bargained with another for a Maid the Father of the said Damosell makes him a feast in the meane while she fleeth vnto some of her Kinsfolkes to hide her selfe Then saith her Father vnto the Bridegroome Loe my Daughter is yours take her wheresoeuer you can finde her Then he and his friends seeke for her till they can find her and hauing found her he must take her by force and carry her as it were violently vnto his owne house COncerning their Lawes or their Execution of Iustice your Maiestie is to bee aduertised that when two men fight no third man dare intrude himselfe to part them Yea the Father dare not help his owne Sonne But he that goes by the worst must appeale vnto the Court of his Lord. And whosoeuer else offereth him any violence after appeale is put to death But he must goe presently without all delay and he that hath suffered the iniury carrieth him as it were captiue They punish no man with sentence of death vnlesse he bee taken in the deed doing or confesseth the same But being accused by the multitude they put him vnto extreame torture to make him confesse the truth They punish murther with death and Carnall copulation also with any other besides his owne By his owne I meane his Wife or his Maid Seruant for he may vse his Slaue as hee listeth himselfe Hainous theft also or felony they punish with death For a light theft as namely for stealing of a Ram the partie not being apprehended in the deed doing but otherwise detected is cruelly beaten And if the Executioner layes on an hundred strokes hee must haue an hundred staues namely for such as are beaten vpon sentence giuen in the Court Also counterfeit Messengers because they feine themselues to be Messengers when as indeed they are none at all they punish with death Sacrilegious persons they vse in like manner of which kind of Malefactors your Maiestie shall vnderstand more fully hereafter because they esteeme such to bee Witches When any man dyeth they lament and howle most pittifully for him and the said Mourners are free from paying any tribute for one whole

will not take By the way of Derbent the people of Hochtay may passe into the Countrey of Carbanda only sixe moneths in the yeare which is in the Winter time But that way Abaga hath caused great Trenches and Fortifications to bee made in a place called Ciba and is alwayes kept and especially in the Winter with a Garrison of armed men to defend the passage The people of Hochtay haue assayed many times to passe that way by stealth and secretly but they neuer could neither can by any meanes doe for in a Plaine called Monga there are alwayes in the Winter time certaine Birds about the bignesse of Phesants hauing very faire feathers to behold and these Birds which are called Seyserach when any people come into that Plaine straight flye away ouer those Watchmen and their Trenches whereby the Souldiers there are eft-soones assured of the comming of their Enemies and preuent the surprize and by the way of the Sea called Mare maius they neuer attempted because that way goeth through the Kingdome of Barca which is so mightie in people and so strongly situated that they are without hope to preuayle there and by meanes hereof hath Carbanda and his Predecessors beene secured from the power of so potent Neighbours Now we will briefly say somewhat of the manners and fashions of the Tartars 48. The Cataians do so much differ from other Nations in their fashions and manner of liuing that it were tedious to treat of the manifold diuersitie and strange varietie found amongst them They acknowledge and confesse one Immortall God and they call vpon his Name yet they neither fast nor pray nor any wayes afflict nor humble themselues for feare or reuerence of him nor doe any good workes The killing of men they hold to bee no sinne but if they happen to leaue their Bridle in their horse-mouth when hee should feed they thinke therein they offend God mortally Fornication and Lecherie is held by them as no sinne They marrie many wiues and the custome is that the Sonne must marrie his Step-mother after the death of his Father and the Brother is married to his Brothers Wife after his decease In matter of Armes they are very good and more obedient to their Superiour then other Nations are and doe easily know by certaine signes in Battaile the will of their Commander whereby the Armie of Tartarians is easily ruled and commanded Their Lord bestoweth not any stipend on them but they liue on hunting and such prey as they can get and their Lord may take from them when hee list whatsoeuer they haue When the Tartars ride vpon any enterprize they take with them great store of Horse drinking their Milke and feeding on their flesh which they reckon very good food The Tartars are very readie and excellent Archers on horse-backe but on foot they are but slow they are dexterous and ingenious in taking of Cities and Castles and are for the most part victorious ouer their Enemies yet will they not forbeare to turne their backes in the skirmish if it be for their aduantage And this aduantage they haue in the field that they will fight with the Enemies when they list themselues and yet they cannot be compelled to fight but at their pleasure Their manner of fight is very dangerous so that in one conflict or skirmish of the Tartars there are more slaine and wounded then in any great Battaile of other Nations which hapneth by reason of their Arrowes which they shoot strongly and surely out of their Bowes beeing indeed so skilfull in the arte of shooting that they commonly pierce all kind of Armour and if they happen to be routed yet they flye in troupes and bands so well ordered that it is very dangerous to follow or pursue them because they shoot their Arrowes backwards in their flight wounding and killing oft-times both men and horses that pursue them The Armie of the Tartars maketh no great shew because they goe trooping close together so that an Armie of one thousand Tartars will scarse seeme fiue hundred The Tartarians doe courteously entertayne strangers giuing them part of their Viands and expect the like offers to bee made them for otherwise they will take it by violence They are much more skilfull in conquering of Countries then in keeping of them When they are weake they are humble and gentle stout and proud when they are growne the stronger They cannot endure lying in other men yet themselues are much giuen to lying vnlesse it be in two especiall things The one being in matter of Armes in which none dareth affirme that he did any exploit which was not done by him or denie any faire Act which hee hath committed The other is That whosoeuer hath done any offence though it deserueth death he confesseth it presently to his Lord if he be examined thereon This may suffice at this time concerning the manners of the Tartars because it were long to rehearse all the different customes and kinds of behauiour The other Chapters which follow pertayning rather to aduice fitting those Times and the holy Land affaires then the Tartarian Historie I haue omitted And in the next place will present some Extracts of our Countriman that famous Traueller Sir Iohn Mandevile whose Geographie Ortelius commendeth howsoeuer he acknowledgeth his Worke stuffed with Fables For my part I cannot but deplore the losse of such a Treasure but know not how to recouer or repayre it as Ramusio hath done for Polo and here haue beene forced to deale with him as Historians doe with our famous Arthur daring to say little because others haue dared so much and such incredibilities For his merit and for his Nation I haue giuen a touch of him these few Latine Extracts referring him that hath a minde to reade him to Master Hakluits first Edition of his Voyages where his storie in Latine is to be seene at large I suspect that some later Fabler out of the Tales of Ogerus the Dane hath stuffed this storie some of which for a taste I haue here left remayning not that I take pleasure in lyes but that thou maist see from what Fountayne I suppose this corruption flowed and in that mistie Age when humaner learning was inhumanely imprisoned and Diuine Scripture was vulgarly buried and Printing not at all borne what Huskes poore Christian Prodigals prodigall to beleeue such lyes were fed with in stead of Bread not onely in the Church by Legends but in their priuate studies by Arthurs Orlandos Beuises Guyes Robin Hoods Palmerins and I know not what monstrous changeling-births of Historie Such was this Ogerus and in great part such was Odericus a Friar and Traueller in whom perhaps some Friar hath trauelled with him at least in this Author whose age was before him and therefore could not cite ought out of him Neither is it for nothing though for worse then nothing a lye is both that Friars are in this storie

thousand The Horse-men are all Archers with such Bowes as the Turkes haue and they ride short as doe the Turkes Their Armour is a Coate of Plate with a skull on their heads Some of their Coates are couered with Veluet or Cloth of God their desire is to be sumptuous in the field and especially the Nobles and Gentlemen as I haue heard their trimming is very costly and partly I haue seene it or else I would scarcely haue beleeued it but the Duke himselfe is richly attyred aboue all measure his Pauilion is couered eyther with Cloth of Gold or Siluer and so set with stones that it is wonderfull to see it I haue seene the Kings Maiesties of England and the French Kings Pauilions which are faire yet not like vnto his And when they be sent into farre or strange Countries or that strangers come to them they be very gorgeous Else the Duke himselfe goeth but meanly in apparell and when hee goeth betwixt one place and another hee is but reasonably apparelled ouer other times In the while that I was in Mosco the Duke sent two Ambassadours to the King of P●leland which had at the left fiue hundred Horses their sumptuousnesse was aboue measure not onely in themselues but also in their Horses as Veluet Cloth of Gold and Cloth of Siluer set with Pearles and not scant What shall I further say I neuer heard of nor saw men so sumptuous but it is no daily guize for when they haue not occasion as I said before all their doing is but meane And now to the effect of their Warres They are men without all order in the field For they run hurling on heaps and for the most part they neuer giue battayle to their Enemies but that which they do they do it all by stealth But I beleeue they be such men for hard liuing as are not vnder the Sunne for no cold will hurt them Yea and though they lye in the field two moneths at such time as it shall freeze more then a yard thicke the common Souldier hath neither Tent nor any thing else ouer his head the most defence they haue against the weather is a Felt which is set against the wind and weather and when Snow commeth he doth cast it off and maketh him a fire and layeth him downe thereby Thus doe the most of all his men except they be Gentlemen which haue other prouision of their owne Their lying in the field is not so strange as is their hardnesse for euery man must carrie and make prouision for himselfe and his Horse for a moneth or two which is very wonderfull For hee himselfe shall liue vpon water and Oate-meale mingled together cold and drinke water thereto his Horse shall eate greene wood and such like baggage and shall stand open in the cold field without couert and yet will hee labour and serue him right well I pray you amongst all our boasting Warriours how many should we find to endure the field with them but one moneth I know no such Region about vs that beareth that name for man and beast Now what might bee made of these men if they were trayned and broken to order and knowledge of Ciuill Warres if this Prince had within his Countries such men as could make them to vnderstand the things aforesaid I doe beleeue that two of the best or greatst Princes in Christendome were not well able to match with him considering the greatnesse of his power and the hardnesse of his people and straight liuing both of people and Horse and the small charges which his Wars stand him in for he giueth no wages except to strangers They haue a yearely stipend and not much As for his owne Countreymen euery one serueth of his owne proper costs and charges sauing that hee giueth to his Harquebusiers certayne allowance for Powder and shot or else no man in all his Countrey hath one penie wages But if any man hath done very good seruice he giueth him a Ferme or a piece of Land for the which he is bound at all times to be readie with so many men as the Duke shall appoint who considereth in his minde what that Land or Ferme is well able to find and so many shall he be bound to furnish at all and euery such time as Warres are holden in any of the Dukes Dominions For there is no man of liuing but he is bound likewise whether the Duke call for eyther Souldier or Labourer to furnish them with all such necessaries as to them belong Also if any Gentleman or man of liuing doe dye without Issue Male immediately after his death the Duke entreth his Land notwithstanding he haue neuer so many Daughters and peraduenture giueth it forth-with to another man except a small portion that he spareth to marry the Daughters withall Also if there be a Rich man a Fermour or man of Liuing which is stricken in age or by chance is maymed and be not able to doe the Duke seruice some other Gentleman that is not able to liue and more able to doe seruice will come to the Duke and complaine saying your Grace hath such an one which is vnmeete to doe seruice to your Highnesse who hath great abundance of wealth and likewise your Grace hath many Gentlemen which are poore and lacke liuing and we that lacke are well able to doe good seruice your Grace might doe well to looke vpon him and make him to helpe those that want Immediately the Duke sendeth forth to inquire of his wealth and if it be so proued hee shall be called before the Duke and it shall bee said vnto him Friend you haue too much liuing and are vnseruiceable to your Prince lesse will serue you and the rest will serue other men that are more able to serue Whereupon immediately his liuing shall be taken away from him sauing a little to find himselfe and his Wife on and he may not once repine thereat but for answere hee will say that hee hath nothing but it is Gods and the Dukes Graces and cannot say as wee the common people in England say if wee haue any thing that it is Gods and our owne Men may say that these men are in wonderfull great awe and obedience that thus one must giue and grant his goods which he hath beene scraping and scratching for all his life to be at his Princes pleasure and commandement Oh that our sturdie Rebels were had in the like subiection to know their dutie toward their Princes They may not say as some Snudges in England say I would find the Queene a man to serue in my place or make his Friends tarrie at home if many haue the vpper hand No no it is not so in this Countrey for he shall make humble sute to serue the Duke And whom he sendeth most to the Warres hee thinketh he is most in his fauour and yet as I before haue said he giueth no wages If they knew

their Canoas brought vs Salmon Peale and such like which was a great refreshment to our men the next day following the same six came againe but after that we saw them no more vntill the sixt day when we had wayed anchor and were almost cleere of the harbour then the same six and one more brought vs of the like commodities for which we gaue them Glasse Beads Counters and small peeces of Iron which they doe as much esteeme as we Christians doe Gold and Siluer In this Sound we saw such great Scales of Salmon swimming to and fro that it is much to be admired here it floweth about eighteene foote water and is at the highest on the change day at seuen a clocke it is a very good harbour and easie to be knowne hauing three high round hils like Piramides close adioyning to the mouth of it and that in the middest is lowest and along all this coast are many good harbours to be found by reason that so many Ilands lye off from the maine The sixt of August by three a clocke in the afternoone wee were cleere of this place hauing a North North North-west winde and faire weather and the Lord sent vs a speedy and good passage homeward as could be wished for in nineteene dayes after wee saw Land on the coast of Ireland it being on the fiue and twentieth day the seuen and twentieth at noone we were two leagues from S●lly and the thirtieth day in the morning wee anchored at Douer in the roade for the which and all other his blessings the Lord make vs thankfull CHAP. XX. A briefe Discourse of the probabilitie of a passage to the Westerne or South Sea illustrated with testimonies and a briefe Treatise and Mappe by Master BRIGGES I Thought good to adde somewhat to this Relation of Master Baffin that learned-vnlearned Mariner and Mathematician who wanting art of words so really employed himselfe to those industries whereof here you see so euident fruits His Mappes and Tables would haue much illustrated his Voyages if trouble and cost and his owne despaire of passage that way had not made vs willing to content our selues with that Mappe following of that thrice learned and in this argument three times thrice industrious Mathematician Master Brigges famous for his readings in both Vniuersities and this honourable Citie that I make no further Voyage of Discouery to finde and follow the remote Passage and extent of his name Master Baffin told mee that they supposed the tyde from the North-west about Digges Iland was misreported by mistaking the houre eight for eleuen and that hee would if hee might get employment search the passage from Iapan by the coast of Asia or qua data porta any way hee could But in the Indies he dyed in the late Ormus businesse slaine in fight with a shot as hee was trying his Mathematicall proiects and conclusions Now for that discouery of Sir Thomas Button I haue solicited him for his Noates and receiued of him gentle entertainment and kinde promises but being then forced to stay in the Citie vpon necessary and vrgent affaires he would at his returne home seeke and impart them Since I heare that weightie occasions haue detained him out of England and I cannot communicate that which I could not receiue which if I doe receiue I purpose rather to giue thee out of due place then not at all Once he was very confident in conference with me of a passage that way and said that he had therein satisfied his Maiestie who from his discourse in priuate inferred the necessitie thereof And the maine argument was the course of the tyde for wintering in Port Nelson see the following Mappe hee found the tyde rising euery twelue houres fifteene foote whereas in the bottome of Hudsons Bay it was but two foote and in the bottome of Fretum Dauis discouered by Baffin but one yea and a West winde equalled the nep tydes to the spring tydes plainely arguing the neighbourhood of the Sea which is on the West side of America The Summer following he found about the latitude of 60. degrees a strong race of a tide running sometimes Eastward sometimes Westward whereupon Iosias Hubbard in his plat called that place Hubbarts Hope as in the Map appeareth Now if any make scruple because this discouery was not pursued by Sir Thomas Button let him consider that being Prince Henries Seruant and partly by him employed whence I thinke he named the Country New Wales the vntimely death of that Prince put all out of ioint nor was hee so open that others should haue the glory of his discouerie And if any man thinke that the passage is so farre as the Maps vse to expresse America running out into the West it is easily answered that either of negligence or ouer-busie diligence Maps by Portugals in the East and Spaniards in the West haue beene falsely proiected Hence that fabulous strait of Anian as before by Francis Gaules testimonie and nauigation is euident And hence the Portugals to bring in the Moluccas to that moity of the world agreed vpon betwixt the Spaniards and them are thought to haue much curtalled Asia and the longitude of those Ilands giuing fewer degrees to them then in iust longitude is requisite So the older Maps of America make the Land from the Magelane Straits to the South Sea runne much West when as they rather are contracted somewhat Easterly from the North. The like is iustly supposed of their false placing Quiuira and I know not nor they neither what Countries they make in America to run so farre North-westward which Sir Francis Drakes Voyage in that Sea his Noua Albion being little further Westward then Aquatulco plainely euince to be otherwise Yea the late Map of California found to be an Iland the Sauages discourses in all the Countries Northwards and Westwards from Virginia fame whereof filled my friend Master Dermer with so much confidence that hearing of strange Ships which came thither for a kinde of Vre or earth the men vsing forkes in their diet with Caldrons to dresse their meate c. things nothing sutable to any parts of America hee supposed them to come from the East neere to China or Iapan and therefore he made a Voyage purposely to discouer but crossed with diuers disasters hee returned to Virginia frustrate of accomplishment that yeare but fuller of confidence as in a Letter from Virginia he signified to me where death ended that his designe soone after But how often are the vsuall Charts reiected by experience in these Nauigations in this worke recorded Painters and Poets are not alwayes the best Oracles For further proofes of a passage about those parts into the West Sea or South as it is called from the first discouery thereof to the South from the parts of New Spaine whence it was first descried by the Spaniards there is mention of a Portugall and taken in a Carricke in Queene Elizabeths dayes of

other things which they reuerence much They serue as Conjurers to tell what hath passed in the farthest parts before any newes can come As it hath chanced since the Spaniards arriued there that in the distance of two or three hundred leagues they haue knowne the Mutinies Battailes Rebellions and Deaths both of Tyrants and of those of the Kings partie and of priuate men the which haue beene knowne the same day they chanced or the day after a thing impossible by the course of nature To worke this diuination they shut themselues into a house and became drunke vntill they lost their senses a day after they answered to that which was demanded Some affirme they vse certaine Vnctions The Indians say that the old women doe commonly vse this office of witchcraft and specially those of one Prouince which they call Coaillo and of another Towne called Manchey and of the Prouince of Guarochiri They likewise shew what is become of things stollen and lost There are of these kindes of Sorcerers in all parts to whom commonly doe come the Anaconas and Cyua which serue the Spaniards and when they haue lost any thing of their Masters or when they desire to know the successe of things past or to come as when they goe to the Spaniards Cities for their priuate affaires or for the publike they demand if their voyage shall bee prosperous if they shall be sick if they shall die or returne sate if they shall obtaine that which they pretend and the Witches or Conjurers answer Yea or No hauing first spoken with the Deuill in an obscure place so as these Anaconas do well heare the sound of the voyce but they see not to whom these Conjurers speake neither doe they vnderstand what they say They make a thousand ceremonies and sacrifices to this effect with the which they mocke the Deuill and grow exceeding drunke for the doing whereof they particularly vse an herb called Villea the j●yce whereof they mingle with their Chica or take it in some other sort THe Indians had an infinite number of other ceremonies and customes which resembled to the ancient Law of Moses and some to those which the Moores vse and some approched neere to the Law of the Gospell as their Bathes or Opacuna as they call them they did wash themselues in water to clense them from their sinnes The Mexicans had also amongst them a kinde of Baptisme the which they did with ceremonie cutting the eares and members of young children new borne counterfaiting in some sort the Circumcision of the Iewes This ceremonie was done principally to the sonnes of Kings and Noblemen presently vpon their birth the Priests did wash them and did put a little Sword in the right hand and in the left a Target And to the Children of the vulgar sort they put the markes of their offices and to their Daughters instruments to spin knit and labour This ceremonie continued foure dayes being made before some Idoll They contracted marriage after their manner whereof the Licenciate Pollo hath written a whole Treatise and I will speake somewhat thereon hereafter In other things their customes and ceremonies haue some shew of reason The Mexicans were married by the hands of their Priests in this sort The Bridegroome and the Bride stood together before the Priest who tooke them by the hands asking them if they would marry then hauing vnderstood their wills he tooke a corner of the vaile wherewith the woman had her head couered and a corner of the mans gowne the which he tyed together on a knot and so led them thus tyed to the Bridegroomes house where there was a harth kindled and then he caused the wife to goe seuen times about the harth and so the married couple sate downe together and thus was the marriage contracted The Mexicans were very jealous of the integritie of their wiues so as if they found they were not as they ought to bee the which they knew either by signes or dishonest wordes they presently gaue notice thereof to their fathers and kinsfolks of their wiues to their great shame and dishonor for that they had not kept good guard ouer them When they went to the house they made an Inuentorie of all the man and wife brought together of prouisions for the house of land of jewels and ornaments which Inuentories euery father kept for if it chanced they made any diuorce as it was common amongst them when they agree not they diuided their goods according to the portion that euery one brought euery one hauing libertie in such a case to marry whom they pleased and they gaue the Daughters to the Wife and the Sonnes to the Husband It was defended vpon paine of death not to marry againe together the which they obserued very strictly And although it seeme that many of their ceremonies agree with ours yet differ they much for the great abomination they mingle therewithall It is common and generall to haue vsually one of these three things either Crueltie Filthinesse or Slouth for all their ceremonies were cruell and hurtfull as to kill men and to spill bloud or filthy and beastly as to eate and drinke to the name of their Idols and also to pisse in the honour of them carrying them vpon their shoulders to anoint and besmeare themselues filthily and to doe a thousand sorts of villanies which were at the least vaine ridiculous and idle and more like the actions of children then of men Whereas the temporall power was greatest there superstition hath most increased as we see in the Realmes of Mexico and Cusco where it is incredible to see the number of Idols they had for within the Citie of Mexico there were aboue three hundred Mango Ingua Yupangui amongst the Kings of Cusco was he that most augmented the seruice of their Idols inuenting a thousand kindes of sacrifices feasts and ceremonies The like did King Iscoalt in Mexico who was the fourth King There was also a great number of superstitions and sacrifices in other Nations of the Indians as in the Prouince of Guatimala at the Ilands in the new Kingdome in the Prouince of Chille and others that were like Commonwealths and Comminalties But it was nothing in respect of Mexico and Cusco where Satan was as in Rome or in his Ierusalem The Inguas Lords of Peru had two kindes of Feasts Some were ordinarie which fell out in certayne moneths of the yeere and others extraordinarie which were for certayne causes of importance as when they did crowne a new King when they beganne some warre of importance when they had any great need of water or drought or other like things For the ordinary Feasts wee must vnderstand that euery moneth of the yeere they made Feasts and diuers Sacrifices and although all of them had this alike that they offered a hundred sheepe yet in colour and in forme they are very diuers In the first moneth which they call Rayme which is the moneth

time of seditions whereof there was great neede Don Martin the Viceroy appointed ordinary Posts at euery foure leagues to carry and recarry dispatches which were very necessary in this Realme though they run not so swiftly as the ancients did neither are there so many yet they are well paied and serue as the ordinaries of Spaine to whom they giue Letters which they carry foure or fiue leagues EVen as such as had done any good seruice in warre or in the gouernment of the Common-weale were honoured and recompensed with publike charges with Lands giuen them in proper with armes and titles of honour and in marrying wiues of the Inguas linage Euen so they gaue seuere punishments to such as were disobedient and offenders They punished murther theft and adultery with death and such as committed incest with ascendants or descendants in direct line were likewise punished with death But they held it no adultery to haue many wiues or concubines neither were the women subiect to the punishment of death being found with any other but onely she that was the true and lawfull wife with whom they contracted marriage for they had but one whom they did wedde and receiue with a particular solemnitie and ceremonie which was in this manner The Bridegroome went to the Brides house and led her from thence with him hauing first put an Ottoya vpon her foote They call the shooe which they vse in those parts Ottoya being open like the Franciscan Friars If the Bride were a maide her Ottoya was of Wooll but if she were not it was of Reedes All his other wiues and concubines did honour and serue this as the lawfull wife who alone after the decease of her husband carried a mourning weede of blacke for the space of a yeare neither did she marry vntill that time were past and commonly she was yonger then her husband The Ingua himselfe with his owne hand gaue this woman to his Gouernours and Captaines and the Gouernours or Caciques assembled all the yong men and maides in one place of the Citie where they gaue to euerie one his wife with the aforesaid ceremonie in putting on the Ottoya and in this manner they contracted their marriages If this woman were found with any other then her husband she was punished with death and the adulterer likewise and although the husband pardoned them yet were they punished although dispensed withall from death They inflicted the like punishment on him that did commit incest with his Mother Grandmother Daughter or Grandchilde for it was not prohibited for them to marrie together or to haue of their other kinsfolke for concubines onely the first degree was defended neither did they allow the brother to haue the company of his sister wherein they of Peru were very much deceiued beleeuing that their Inguas and Noblemen might lawfully contract marriage with their sisters yea by father and mother for in truth it hath beene alwaies held vnlawfull among the Indians and defended to contract in the first degree which continued vntill the time of Top● Ingua Yupangui father to Guaynacapa and grandfather to Atahualpa at such time as the Spaniards entred Peru for that Topa Ingua Yupangui was the first that brake this custome marrying with Mamaoello his sister by the fathers side decreeing that the Inguas might marrie with their sisters by the fathurs side and no other This he did and by that marriage he had Guaynacapa and a daughter called Coya Cussillimay finding himselfe at the point of death he commanded his children by father and mother to marrie together and gaue permission to the Noblemen of his Countrie to marrie with their sisters by the fathers side And for that this marriage was vnlawfull and against the law of nature God would bring to an end this Kingdome of the Inguas during the raigne of Guascar Ingua and Atahualpa Ingua which was the fruite that sprang from this marriage Who so will more exactly vnderstand the manner of marriages among the Indians in Peru let him reade the Treatise Polo hath written at the request of Don Ieronimo Loaisa Archbishop of Kings which Polo made a very curious search as he hath done of diuers other things at the Indies BY the commandement of Don Phillip the Catholike King they haue made the most diligent and exact search that could be of the beginning customes and priuiledges of the Inguas the which was not so perfectly done as was desired for that the Indians had no written Records yet the haue recouered that which I shall write by meanes of their Quippos and Registers First there was not in Peru in old time any King or Lord to whom all obeyed but they were Comminalties as at this day there is in the Realme of Chille and in a manner in all the Prouinces which the Spaniards haue conquered in those Westerne Indies except the Realme of Mexico You must therefore vnderstand that they haue found three manner of Gouernements at the Indies The first and best was a Monarchie as that of the Inguas and of Moteçum● although for the most part they were tyrannous The second was of Comminalties where they were gouerned by the aduise and authority of many which are as it were Counsellors Thele in time of warre made choise of a Captaine to whom a whole Nation or Prouince did obey and in time of peace euery Towne or Comminalty did rule and gouerne themselues hauing some chiefe men whom the vulgar did respect and sometime though not often some of them assemble together about matters of importance to consult what they should thinke necessary The third kinde of Gouernment is altogether barbarous composed of Indians without Law without King and without any certaine place of abode but goe in troopes like sauage beasts As farre as I can conceiue the first Inhabitants of the Indies were of this kinde as at this day a great part of the Bresillians Chiraguanas Chunchos Yscycingas Pilcocones and the greatest part of the Floridians and all the Chichimaquas in new Spaines Of this kinde the other sort of gouernment by Comminalties was framed by the industry and wisdome of some amongst them in which there is some more order holding a more staied place as at this day those of Auracano and of Teucapell in Chille and in the new Kingdome of Grenado the Moscas and the Ottomittes in new Spaine and in all these there is lesse fiercenesse and inciuilitie much more quiet then in the rest Of this kinde by the valor knowledg of some excellent men grew the other gouernment more mighty and potent which did institute a Kingdome and Monarchy It appeares by their Registers that their Gouernment hath continued aboue three hundred yeares but not fully foure although their Seigniorie for a long time was not aboue fiue or six leagues compasse about the Citie of Cusco their originall and beginning was in the valley of Cusco where by little and little they conquered

Peter Basman sent against Demetrius reuolteth Tumult of the Commons Demetrius his Letter * Thus he● but others ascribe this murther to Demetrius his command and this selfe-murther was pretended to auoid enuy of the fact Death of Mother Sonne Emperor Boris his Mosco Patent translated whiles Sir Th. Smith was there Lot Law Thu. li. 135. The Iesuites first authors or f●ut●rs at least of this Demetrius Sigismunds fathe● Iohn was impri●oned by King Ericus 1564. Cossaks Zerniga Putinna yeelded The Palatine defeated Cistercians and Ie●uits Demetrius his confi●ent Prayer Demetrius his victorie Bialogrod Leptina Seueria yeelds Boris dyeth Some say that hee had vsed with Aqua vitae to poyson others Neque enim lex iustio● vlla est quam necis artifices arte perire sua * Some say of 60000. men Basman yeeldeth Demetrius commeth to Mosco his pompous entrance Poles aduanced Clemencie to Suiskey Respect to his Mother Iesuits Emb●ssage ●o Poland Promise of Romish Religion Demetrius his Marriage Both crowned Conspiracie * I suppose this should bee Gilbert for one Captayne Gilbert I haue often he●rd of in that place of seruice which writ also commentaries o● these affaires which I haue much sought to little purpose in our Merchants hands Bloudie day P. Basman slain Demetrius taken and slaine Con●umelious vsage Poles slaine The Queene Merchants spoyled Russes slaine Suiskeys speech He is chosen Emperour The Deuill is often slandered and by ill willers bad is made worse And so perhaps by Suiskeys faction was this Demetrius The former part of this intelligence I found in Master Hackluyts Papers the later by conference c. Son o● Gregory Peupoloy See Suiskeys Letter following Occasion of ambition Boris ill gouernment Demetrius Emperour He is slaine Suiskey Emperour * This might be rumoured Others say hee was not of that but of very noble bloud See sup in Fletcher and Thuanus Demetrius his person described Some say that he was not like Demetrius and that he seemed a dozen yeeres elder but perhaps they mistake this for an other after Pretender calling himselfe the same Demetrius c. as after shall appeare a deformed man Captayne Gilbert Buchenskoy Stones rare about Mosco Captaine Gilberts report of a Vision Another manner of his death reported Coluga I find him called Shoskey Suiskey Ziska c. the iust translation and pronuncia●ion being hard League with the Pole He taxeth the King of Poland Allegations against the pretending Demetrius A Frier A Clearke Magician Greeke Church Flight to Letto m George Demetry of Owglits His murther Buriall Letters to Poland Polish aides Smeernoy sent Crim Tartar Another Messenger Mutation of Religion Romish Religion and Iesuites Large Empire of Russia See before Popes Letter Slaine burnt Election of Swisky Miracles Sir Iohn Merricke New Parent 1606. Thu. l. 135. Polish insolencies Choosing by lot Suiskeys vices The like is told of K. Edward the fourth that vpon prediction of one to succeed whose name began with G he put to death George Duke of Clarence his brother and yet Gloster succeeded A printed book 1614. tels of a great man named Tragus which betraied by one Glasco was arrayned and to preuent the furie of Suiskey stabbed himselfe c. Cap. Gilbert * Thuan tels that fourteene horses were missing in the Kings stable on the massacre day and hence was occasioned a suspicion of escape c. A strange Iuggler English aide Sweden Title Forraine aides to the Russes 1200. Souldiers shipped from England Colonel Caluine A tempest Another tempest of the mutinous vulgar They land in P●tland Fish cheape Ignorant Bores Iealousie of th● people Griffin a base coward and traitor to his fellowes A wise Gouernour Two Ships Hard vsage Effects of drunkennesse Cruell cowardise and base iealousie King of Denmarks bounty Elzinore Stockholme Misery after misery Captaines cozenage Finland Dispersing Distresse by Frost Their miserable march into Russia Want of meate and of Water Russians runne away Nouogrod Polake enemies They fled Sconce taken with store of Armes Poles cruelties most execrabl● Pontus le Guard They meet An. 1610. Base Russe flight P. le Guard fleeth French flee English honour * Some say he had 100000. which is sca●sly credible Mosco yeelded Second Demetrius slaine * Vnder the Lord Will●ughby Gen. Sir Iohn Poole c. A. Iansonius quindecies m●lle vasorum pul sul Suiskeys imprisonment and death Po●ish crueltie Their reward Eaters of mans flesh forced to eate mans fl●sh * The Polish Va●u●d whose daughter married Demetrie that was slaine who now had recouered libertie Russia ●poyled by Tartars * The Polish Vaiu●d whose daughter married Demetrie that was slaine who now had recouered libertie Russia ●poyled by Tartars a Generall of the forces of Suiskey in the field A Dane borne see Doct. Halls Epistles Euan Vasilowi●h Suiskey now raigning Tho●e of the Citie ●n●ly c Lie●●●nders that inhabit there * The second Demetrius which was soone after slaine by a Tartar * 161● in English account The Poles in Mosco●esieged ●esieged by the Russes English house burnt Master S● Southeby Dan. 2. 7. 8 Ap. 12.3 13.1 2. 17.1 Iud. 17.6 18.1 19.1 21.25 Iud. 9. Popular gou●●nment in Russia Demetrius supposititius secundus Demetrij primi 〈…〉 Pala●●●filia De Baptismo repetendo Ru●eck Pheodor Euanowich Boris Godonoue Gregorij Eutropio Rostrige Demetrij Euanowich Primates Lord Palatin of Sandomire Vasili Euanowich Suiskey The Wor. Coluga Other Wors or pretenders Iuan Peter Pheodor The King of Poland The Lord of Praemislaue Michael Salticoue The Articles are before in Latin Vasili Galichin Galechin Halusia a Wor or Pretender Lepun Saruski The King assents Klutzinsky a Wor or Pretender acknowledged Emperour Astracan Lapland● Russian inconstancy Many-headed body Ianson A. 1612. Gods prouidence permits not the vtter ruine of Russia Strange alteration of affaires by a Butcher Pozarsky chosen Generall and a Butcher Treasurer Boris Liciu Micalowich Son to the Chancellor chosen Our Kings mediation His Fathers returne and Patriarkship Ianson Sir I. Merikes negotiation Sir Dudley Digs was also sent Embassador in a troublesome time when he could not with safetie passe vp to Mosco for the enemie in the first times of Micalowich Obliuion of former quarrels Michaelo Pheodorowich Emperor of Russia Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden Great Nouogrod c. returned to the Russe Churches restored with their goods c. Sir I. Merike Ambassador Libertie of persons Time of deliuerie Odow to remayne cautionary Charles Philip Prince of Sweden not to lay clayme Zar or Czar is a Title of the great Duke Places yeelded by the Mu●co●ite to the Sweden Money to be giuen to the Sweden Ordnance and Munition to remaine The cōtract of V E. for Coreliu and the Territories confirmed to Sweden Commissioners o● both sides to meet The title of Leifland resigned by V.E. at Wiburgh Anno 7117. now confirmed Title to be giuen Commerce of Trade Merchants of both Kingdoms to haue houses and Churches in each