Temerity to enforce them No sooner was Ireland subjugated to the Imperial Crown of England by a Colony of Welch under the conduct of Fitz-Stephen with Maurice Fitz-Gerard Maurice de Prendergast principally commanded by Strongbow Earl of Pembroke permitted by King Henry the second then in Aquitain to adventure their fortunes but they succeeding King Henry the Second the third Year after the Invasion viz. Anno 1172. armed with Pope Adrians and Alexanders Bulls lands on St. Lukeâ— Eve at Croch near Waterford marching by easie steps to Dublin oppiduâ— super Crates so obtains a Kingdom though it hath since appeared that the Popes donation and the Irish submissions were but weak and fickle assurances to establish his Dominions Where having took the fealty oâ— the Subject Kings of the Country and Clergy who bear no little sway in most mutations he there evidenced the greatness of his mind in several Entertainments and gratious condescentions and having setled the Peace of the Kingdom and the Order of the Church according to England in a Synod at Cassel he on Easter-day following leaves Ireland under a Constituted Government which to this day continues in such an esteem as no Vice-Roy in Christendom Naples not excepted ever arrived at so signal a Grandeur little of the Power committed to the Governours being abated of their Sovereigns unless in the conferring of some Offices which if they be not at their bestowing are frequently consented to on their commending nay some of the Governours as the Earl of Essex and others had it in their Commissions to pardon even Treason it self That at this day we may look on the Governours of Ireland as armed with as ample Power as any Subject is capable of Parliaments being held under their Precedency with Statutes Ordinances and Acts passed Coram Justitiario Deputato or Locum tenente such or such an one as they were entituled by the King whom Camden in his Annals 1565. towards the end says until the time of Ed. 3. they were called Justices of Ireland and their Lieutenant Deputies though by his good leave I find they were sometimes called Custodes othertimes Generales Hiberniae Procuratores though when the King would seem to honour any with the greatest Titles he stiles them Lieutenants who have generally power to depute their Deputy Venia a Rege prius impetrata and yet then he that is so deputed is stiled the Kings Deputy as in the Irish Statutes the 28 of H. 8. Coram dilecto fideli suo Domino Leonardo Gray milite Domino GRAY DEPUTATO IPSIUS DOMINI REGIS ac praecharissimi dilectissimi consanguinei sui Henrici Ducis Richmond Somerset de prosapia sua orti Locum tenentis suae terrae Dominii sui Hiberniae And in elder Ages we do find that the same Condescension was also indulged Justiciario Regis as Prynn in his History of Edw. 1. where writing to the Bishop of Waterford he directs his Letters to him vel ejus Locum tenenti as also fol. 382. and many other places but whether the one or the other their power was for the most part of like authority and say others Synonima Magna certe nominum varietas sed quae olim aliquando cum nonnullis aliis ex Authorum praevaricatione in eundem competebant Magistratum ut in his sparsâ—n vocibus depreâ—enderis Before whom all Ensigns of Honour as the Sword Mace c. are carried the service at the Table being sometimes on the Knee they have power also of Knighthood and the very Liturgy is not without a particular Collect answerable to their Titles for their Government and safety their Council is the Privy Council made up of some Bishops more Lords the principal Judges the Presidents of Connaught and Munster the Master of the Rolls the Vice-Treasurer Master of the Ordnance the Secretary of State and others as the King is pleased to summon them to the Board In emergencies or cases of more difficult nature Dr. Heylyn in his Cosmography writes they proceeded sometimes in an Arbitrary way without formalities of Law which hath been much decried by the Parliament begun at Dublin 1639. and complained of as a grievance in as much as an honourable person an eminent Instrument of State writing an History of the beginnings of the late Rebellion in Ireland worthy to be had in every mans eye there takes occasion to tell with what lenity the present Governours addressed themselves to the abrogating of exorbitances of Paper Petitions or Bills in civil Causes exhibited at the Council Board or before any other by their Authority sufficient to evidence its dislike And by the 13. Article of the Peace agreed on at the Castle of Kilkenny the 17 of January 1648. it was concluded that the Council Table should contain it self within its proper bounds c. and not intermeddle with common business that is within the cognizance of the ordinary Courts so sensible have all Times been of what might intrench on the known Laws and Priviledges But leaving this the Authority of the Governours without assuming Irregularities is great and that they may be known we shall here intrust their memory to Posterity The Chief Governours of Ireland under the Soveraignty of the Kings of England since the Conquest thereof by Henry the Second A. D. MCLXXII to the Year MDCLXXIV KIng Henry the Second having in his own Person setled Affairs in Ireland constituted at his departure thence for England 1172. Hugh Lacy Lord Justice who Dignitate omnes Regni Proceres potestate omnes superabat Magistratus A person endued with great vertue and prudence He continued in the Government till that 1173. Richard de Clare Earl of Pembroke and Strigil sirnamed Strongbow was sent over Lord Justice He died 1176. and lies buried in Christ Church Dublin where he hath a Monument for his Son cut off by the middle and himself with this Epitaph Nate ingrate mihi pugnanti terga dedisti Non mihised genti sed regno quoque terga dedisti He founded the Priory of Kilmainam about the Year 1174. whose endowing King Henry the Second confirmed upon whose death 1177. Reymund le Grose Governour of the Earls Family having married Basil the Earls sister was chosen Lord Justice by the consent of the surviving Council who on notice of the Kings pleasure surrenders 1177. To Audelmâ—r â—r Aldelm tanquam Senescallo a Reâ—e in Regnum transmisso the Kings â—ewer Taster or Dapifer Procuratori â—oyning with him John Curcy Roâ—ert Fitz Stephen Miles de Cogan â—s Counsellors not Commissioners â—s is evident by Audelms Charter â—edeemed from the Rubbish Henricus Dei gratia Rex Angliae Dominus Hiberniae Dux Normanniae Aquitaniae Comes Andegaviae Archiepiscopis Episcopis Regibus Comitibus Baronibus omnibus fidelibus suis Hiberniae salutem Sciatis me Dei gratia sanum esse incolumem negotia mea bene honorifice procedere Ego vero quam cito potero vacabo
my Lord Coke in the 46. writes Rushw 1371 2. Sir Richard Pembridge alias Pembrugh a Baron was appointed Deputy of Ireland but he refused to go whereupon his Offices Fees and Lands which he held of the King for life being his Servant as Warden of the Cinque Ports c. were all seized on pro servitio impendendo yet he was noâ— upon that resolution committed tâ— Prison for that he being unwilling to go the Imployment was adjudged an Exile and no man by the Common Law is perdere patriam but by Authority of Parliament or in case of Abjuration foâ— Felony 1374. Sir William de Windsor arrived at Waterford Lord Lieutenant April 18. and took his Oath for thâ— execution of his Place at Kilkenny May 4. following undertaking thâ— Custody of Ireland for 11213l 6s 8a but did no wonders He descendeâ— of Sir James de Windsor Lord oâ— Stanwel in Middlesex as I understand from the present Lord Windsor 1376. James Butler Earl of Ormond succeeded in the Government Sub RICHARDO II. James Butler Earl of Ormond continued Lord Governour till that 1379. John de Bromwich was made Lord Justice to whom succeeded Edmund Mortimer Lord Lieutenant He died at Cork 1381. on St Stephens day in the Abbey of Dominicans and was buried at Wigmore 1381. John Colton Dean of S. Patricks by Dublin Lord Chancellor of Ireland afterwards Archbishop of Ardmagh was made Lord Justice He took his Oath at Cork in the Covent of the Preaching Friers Decemb. 27. He died the 5. of the Calends of May 1404. and was buried in Droghedagh in Saint Peters Church where sometime before his death he renounced his Prelacy 1383. Philip de Courtney Lord Lieutenant and then 1385. Robert Vere the ninth Earl of Oxford a great Favourite of the Kings was made Lord Lieutenant having been created Marquess of Dublin and Duke of Ireland the 10 of Richard 2. in which year the King furnished him with a great sum of Money that he might go into Ireland to get Dominium quod sibi Rex donaverat So Walsingham Sed novus iste insolitus umbratilis honor cito evanuit Brook in his Catalogue of Nobility saith more to whom I refer you He died in Lovania 1392. in great anguish of mind and penury leaving saith Camd. nothing but to his Tomb Titles and to the World matter of Talk He was buried at Colne in Essex in great Funeral State the King a Mourner After all his preparations and full Charter even to pass all things with his own Teste He as some others bore only the Title of Lieutenant never going into Ireland but deputed 1385. Sir John Stanley his Lieutenant 1387. Alexander de Balscot alias Petit Bishop of Meath who had been Treasurer and Chancellor of Ireland Lord Justice He died at Ardbracan a Village in Meath the 10 of November 1400. and was buried at Trim in St. Maries Monastery 1389. Sir John Stanley returning into Ireland took his Oath of Lord Justice Octob. 25. the Earl of Oxford nomine being Lord Lieutenant 1392. James Earl of Ormond Lord Justice during whose Government the Earl of Oxford under whom he was Justice died as we have said in Lovania yet he continued his Government his Patent being from the King not determining with the Earl of Oxfords death 1394. Thomas of Woodstock Duke of Glocester who afterwards was treacherously strangled going with an Army for Ireland cujus Insulae judum Rex creaverat eum Ducem was suddenly recalled and the same year King Richard 2. having been slighted by the Princes of Germany to whom by his Ambassadors he addressed himself to have been made Emperour arrived at Waterford October 2. with an Army of 4000 men at Arms and 30000 Archers the better to convince them of his Manhood But returned at Shrovetide being cheated by a feigned submission of the Irish And at his return he left Roger Mortimer Earl of March and Vlster Lord of Wigmore Trim Clare and Connaght Lord Lieutenant He was afterwards slain by O. Brien c. at Kenlis in Ossory July 20. 1398. on whose death 1398. Roger Gray was chosen Lord Justice in his stead The same year Thomas Holland Duke of Surrey Earl of Kent and Lord Wake half Brother to King R. 2. came to Dublin Lord Lieutenant October 7. He was in 1400. beheaded for conspiring to set up King Richard 2. after King Henry 4. had been established 1399. King Richard the second time came into Ireland to revenge Mortimers death and arrived at Waterford June 1. upon whose arrival all things succeeded prosperously for the Irish being divided into many Factions and they not being united the whole was sooner overcome But in the height of these proceedings Tidings came of Henry Duke of Lancasters preparations and proceedings in England Upon which the King quieted all things at a great uncertainty in Ireland and having there imprisoned in Trim Castle the sons of the Duke of Glocester and Lancaster he arrived in three nights at Milford-haven in Wales and thence marched forwards to his Ruine yielding himself up at Flint At his disserting of Ireland we find not who was left Governour But the time not being long betwixt Duke Henries being setled in the Throne and King Richard 2. coming out of Ireland we may probably conjecture who commanded the Army had also the Government of the Realm Sub HENRICO IV. 1399. Sir John Stanley was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Decemb. 10. Whilest he thus possessed the Government I find in Ware De Praes Hib. a Writ from H. 4. anno 1400. directed to Sir Thomas de Burgo Knight Justiciario suo in partibus Conaciae ordering him to restore the Temporalities to Thomas Bishop Alladensis And here that it might not be supposed that this Sir Thomas entituled Justice had thereby any other power then a Justiceship of Peace or at most as we now call it the Presidentship of Connaght I could not but take notice hereof not having met with the like president the usual Writs for the restoring of Temporalities being to the chief Governour only as Justiciario Regis of which in Prynns History of King John H. 3. Ed. 1. are many Presidents 1401. In May Sir John Stanley goes for England and leaves Sir William Stanley of Holton in Werral in Cheshire in his place 1401. August 23. Stephen Scroop of which Family there was the Lord Scroop of Bolton Castle in Richmondshire arrived in Ireland Deputy to Thomas of Lancaster the Kings Son He came into Ireland November 13. the same year who going for England about Novemb. 11. 1403. Left Stephen Scroop his Deputy and he going for England the first day of Lent the Noblemen of Ireland chose James Earl of Ormond Lord Justice who died at Gauran or Raligauran 1405. September 6. to whom succeeded 1405. Gerald Earl of Kildare 1406. After Michaelmass Stephen Scroop returned into Ireland Deputy to Thomas of Lancaster Lord Lieutenant He died at Tristle-Dermot
been in any capacity to have subsisted till Forces arrived from England the first of which was on the last of December 1641. under the Conduct of Sir Simon Harcourt Collonel of a Regiment of Foot designed Governour of the City of Dublin that long experienced and excellent Officer worthy the memory of the best Prince and most grateful People who afterwards was by an especial Order admitted into the Privy Council But Providence whose eyes are in the Wheels so ordered the business that the whole force of the Irish united in Fury and Vilany were most miraculously there defeated and that meerly through Gods mercy by the Courage and Valour of the Besieged bearing out against the uttermost of Extremity and Treachery faithfully set down by Dean Bernard in his Treatise entituled The Siege of Drogheda the compleat freeing of which was upon the taking of Dundalk March 26. 1642. Sir Henry Tichbourn entred Drogheda Novemb. 4. 1641. so early had the Vigilance of the State through the experience of One who well knew the hazards of delay in War provided for its Defence sending thither with Sir Henry Tichbourn Governour Sir John Borlase jun. afterwards Collonel and Lieutenant of the Ordnance Lieutenant Collonel Robert Byron since Knight and late Master of the Ordnance and Lieutenant Collonel Philip Wainmond all formerly Field-Officers to join with the most excellent and truly Noble Henry Lord Viscount Moore afterwards Lieutenant General of the Horse deservedly registred amongst the first of the Nobility and Officers who was unfortunately slain at the beginning of the Treaty of the first Ceslation through the grazing of a Cannon bullet which he foresaw yet took not warning enough to evade These all served chearfully under his Command though the change of Fortune to whom none is indebted for her constancy hath sufficiently evidenced in Some how little is to be trusted to Ones Merits if Favour be not also put into the Ballance Sir Henry Tichbourn descended from an ancient Family in Hampshire from whom though he received much his Vertue added more he was early educated in the Wars some years before his death he was made Marshal of Ireland 1643. James Marquess of Ormond Jan. 21. in Christ Church Dublin was with great solemnity and general acceptance sworn L. Lieutenant a person likeliest by his Interests and Concerns to manage the troublesom Affairs then in agitation Not long after his access to the Government the Lord Inchequin instigated by the Parliament of England violated the Cessation in Munster as the Scots had done before in Vlster whilest the Irish under the Command of the Popes Nuncio and Owen Row a most inveterate Enemy to the English equally impatient of the Name as of the Government withdrew their Souldiers from their Fidelity and Colours though in the interim Preston and Taff endeavoured to make up a Peace with the King In opposition to which the Lord Inchequin and the Prime Officers in Munster had before interposed their sense That no Peace could be concluded with the Irish which would not bring unto his Majesty and the Kingdom in general a far greater prejudice than shew of a Peace there will bring them an advantage c. adding in the close that the true sense of the aspersion the Irish had cast upon his Majesty with all those other Reasons which they had set down in their Declaration made them resolve to die a thousand deaths rather than to condescend to any Peace with the perfidious Rebels vowing never to desert the Cause that was so visibly God Almighties Notwithstanding which and many more difficulties his Excellency bore up with an equal heat till that through the impetuousness of the Times the English Monarchy was discemented that the King being retired to New Castle writes from thence to the Marquess of Ormond June 11. 1646. That for many Reasons too long for a Letter we think it fit to require you to proceed no further in Treaty with the Rebels nor to engage Vs upon any Conditions with them after sight hereof c. Our Service and the good of our Protestant Subjects being herein much concerned After which the Rebels laying Siege to Dublin and the Lord Lieutenant not being able to sustain a longer Encounter the Scots too infesting at a distance surrendred Dublin June 18. 1647. and what the King held in Ireland to the Parliaments Commissioners Arthur Ansloe Esq Sir Robert King Sir Robert Meredith Collonel John More Collonel Michael Jones to whom Cheshire gives a Character that he never charged the Enemy till he came to the Head of their Troops rather then to suffer the Interest of the English and Protestants to fall into the Power of the Irish And so retires for England soon after But before that he left the Kingdom Philip Lord Lisle was by the Parliament of England 1646. Jan. 28. ordered to go into Ireland as their Lieutenant personally well furnished though otherwise with no considerable Force being made to believe that that part of the Army in England which had then nothing to do the King being brought to Holmby should be sent after him upon which Febr. 19. he set sail from Minhead and arrived at Cork the 22. yet the Army from whence he expected great matters then growing mutinous would not be commanded by the Parliament amongst which there were besides a Party in the House that did not further his Design with whom some in Ireland shewed at his landing to have an intimacy or correspondence so that though for the little time he was there it could not be said but that Affairs were prudently carried yet finding the Scene so contrary to his expectation he furnished the Marquess of of Ormond the 10 of March with 20 Barrels of Powder and the first of April 1647. he returned for England being out of hopes of more than those small Forces he carried with him 1648. The said James Marquess of Ormond furnished with new Instructions returns on the Votes of Non-Addresses anew into Ireland Lord Lieutenant but so writes Elenchus as to Act nothing in the execution of that Power as long as the Treaty with the King or any hopes of Peace lasted Which Injunction he very solemnly observed retiring himself to the Castle of Kilkenny his proper Inheritance but finding at length how the King was abused in that Treaty he then vigorously endeavoured to improve his Interests for his Majesties Service though with that Caution so vigilant an Eye such a wary Foot as if the concerns of Posterity more than his own was deposited in the weightiest Scale and thereupon being forced in the midst of great streights to conclude a Peace with the Confederate Irish he proclaimed it Jan. 17. 1648. which yet so little endeared him to them though such Terms could never have been gained but at such an extremity as August 12. 1650. the titulary Archbishops of Ireland and others of the Clergy convened at James Town left no stone unturned to have hit him if it had been