to Healing my deare Sister Faith Mussendines house being situate neere the South banke of Humber in the Countie of Lincolne In which place and my deare sister Iane Alingtons house neere adioyning whilest I passed an idle yeere I had a pleasing opportunitie to gather into some order out of confused and torne writings the particular obseruations of my former Trauels to bee after more delibrately digested at leasure After this yeere spent in Countrey solace the hopes of preferment drew me into Ireland Of which iourney being to write in another manner then I haue formerly done of other Countries namely rather as a Souldier then as a Traueler as one abiding in Campes more then in Cities as one lodging in Tents more then in Innes to my former briefe discourse of the iourneys through England and Scotland I haue of purpose added there out of my ordinary course the like of Ireland onely for trauellers instruction I am now to treate of the famous and most dangerous Rebellion of Hugh Earle of Tyrone calling himselfe The Oneale a fatall name to the chiefe of the sept or Family of the Oneales and this I will doe according to the course of the former Part namely in this place not writing Historically but making only a Iournall or bare narration of daily accidents and for the rest referring the discourse of Ireland for all particulars to the seuerall heads wherein each point is ioyntly handled through all the Dominions of which I haue written Onely in this place for the better vnderstanding of that which I principally purpose to write I must craue leaue to fetch some short re membrances by the way of preface higher then the time of my owne being in Ireland in the Lord Mountioy his Gouernement About the yeere 1169 not to speake of the kind of subiection which the Irish are written to haue acknowledged to Gurguntius and some Brittan Kings Henry the 2 being himself distracted with French affaires gaue the Earle of Strangbow leaue by letters Patents to aide Dermot Morrogh King of Lemster against the King of Meath And this Earle marrying Eua the daughter of Dermot was at his death made by him heire of his Kingdome Shortly after King Henrie himselfe landed at Waterford and whilst he abode in Ireland first Dermott Mac Carthy King of Corcke and the South part of Mounster and Dunewald Obzian King of Limrick and the North part of Mounster then Orwark King of Meath and Roderick King of Connaght by singular priuiledge ouer the rest called the King of Ireland and the aboue named King of Lemster yet liuing did yeeld themselues vassals vnto King Henrie who for the time was saluted Lord of Ireland the title of King being first assumed by acte of Parliament to King Henrie the eight many yeeres after In the said Henrie the seconds raigne Sir Iohn de Courcy with foure hundred voluntary English souldiers sent ouer did in fiue battailes subdue Vlster and stretcht the bounds of the English pale as farre as Dunluce in the most Northerne parts of Vlster About 1204 Iohn Courcy of English bloud Earle of Vlster and Connaght did rebel and was subdued by Hugh Lacy. About 1210 the Lacies of English bloud rebelling were subdued by King Iohn who after some three moneths stay returned backe into England where the Lacies found friends to be restored to their Earledome of Vlster About 1291 O-Hanlon some Vlster Lords troubling the peace were suppressed by the English Colonies From 1315 to 1318 the Scots made great combustions in Ireland to whom many Irish families ioyned themselues and both were subdued by the English Colonies In the yeere 1339 generall warre was betweene the English Colonies and the Irish in which infinite number of the Irish perished Hitherto Ireland was gouerned by a Lord Iustice who held the place sometimes for few yeeres sometimes for many In the yeere 1340 Iohn Darcy an Englishman was made Iustice for life and the next yeere did exercise the place by his owne Deputy which neither before nor after I find to haue been granted to any but some few of the Royall bloud About the yeere 1341 the English-Irish or English Colonies being degenerated first began to be enemies to the English and themselues calling a Parliament wrote to the King that they would not indure the insolencies of his Ministers yet most of the Iustices hitherto were of the English-Irish or English borne in Ireland About the yeere 1361 Leonel Duke of Clarence was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and sometimes left his Deputy to gouerne it This Duke being Earle of Vlster and Lord of Connaglit by the right of his wife came ouer with an Army of some 1500 by pole and quieted the borders of the English Pale in low Lemster Hereformed the English-Irish growne barberous by imbracing the tyrannicall Lawes of the Irish most profitable to them which caused them likewise to take Irish names and to vie their language and apparrell To which purpose good Lawes were made in Parliament and great reformation followed aswell therein as in the power of the English for the leuen yeeres of his Lieutenancy and after till the fatall warres of Turke and Lancaster Houses And hitherto most of the Iustices were English-Irish About the yeere 1400 Richard the second in the eighteenth yeere of his Raigne came with an Army of foure thousand men at Armes and thirtie thousand Archen fully to subdue the Irish but pacified by their submissions and no act of moment otherwise done he returned with his Army into England After to reuenge the death of the Earle of March his Lieutenant he came againe with a like Army but was soddenly recalled by the arriuall of Henry the 4 in England During the said Kings Raigne Ireland was gouerned by his Lord Lieutenunts sent from England and in the Raignes of Hen. the 4 and Hen. the 5 by Iustices for the most part chosen of the English-Irish only the Lord Scroope for 8 yeres was Deputy to Thomas the second son to Hen. the 4 who was L. Lieutenant of Ireland This I write out of the Annals of Ireland printed by Camden In which from the first Conquest of Ireland to the following warres betweene the Houses of Yorke and Lancaster in England I find small or no mention of the Oneals greatnesse among the Irish Lords And I find very rare mention of any seditions in Vlster especially among the Northerne Irish so as that Prouince from the first Conquest to these ciuill English warres doth thereby seeme to haue beene one of the most peaceable and most subiect to the English Neither reade I therein of great forces or summes of mony lent out of England into Ireland except voluntaries and the cursary iourneys of King Iohn and King Richard the second but rather that for the most part all seditions as well betweene the English-Irish and the meere Irish as between the English-Irish themselues were pacified by the forces and expences of the same Kingdome During the
man should after that presume to take the name and title of Oneale He had three sonnes Henry Con and Tirlogh cast in prison by Hugh the Rebell Matthew Okelly till 15 yeres age reputed the son of a Black Smith at Dudalke giuen Con O Neale by a Smiths wife at her death This Bastard hee appointed to succeed him by the Kings letters Pattents at which time he was created Baron of Dungannon but he was killed in his Fathers life time by Shane the legitimate sonne of Con whose bastard this Matthew was Brian killed by Odonnel at the instance of Shane O Neale Hugh preserued by the English from Shane married the Daughter of Tirlogh Linnogh Oneale whom he put away by diuorce and after prooued an Arch-Rebell This Hugh sonne to the Bastard Matthew borne of a Smiths wife and reputed the Smiths sonne till he was fifteene yeeres of age liued sometimes in Ireland and much in the Court of England and was supported against Turlogh Linnogh Oneale with the title of Barron of Dungannon by his fathers right He had a troope of horse in Queene Elizabeths pay in the late warres of the Earle of Desmond in which and all occasions of seruice he behaued himselfe so valiantly as the Queene gaue him a yeerely pension of one thousand Markes He was of a meane stature but a strong body able to indure labors watching and hard fare being with all industrious and actiue valiant affable and apt to mannage great affaires and of a high dissembling subtile and profound wit So as many deemed him borne either for the great good or ill of his Countrey In an Irish Parliament he put vp his petition that by vertue of the letters Patents granted to his Grand-father to his Father his heires he might there haue the place and title of the Earle of Tyrone and be admitted to this his inheritance The title and place were there granted to him but the inheritance in regard the Kings of England by the attainder of Shane were thereof inuested was referred to the Queenes pleasure For the obtaining whereof Sir Iohn Perrot then Lord Deputie vpon his promise of a great rent to be reserued to the Crowne gaue him his letters of recommendation into England where he so well knew to humour the Court as in the yeere 1587 he got the Queenes Letters Pattents vnder the great Seale of England for the Earledome of Tyr-Oen without any reseruation of the rent he had promised to the I Deputy wherwith though his Lordship were offended in that the Pattent was not passed in Ireland and so the said rent omitted yet in reuerence to the great Lords who had procured this grant in England he did forbeare to oppose the same The conditions of this 〈◊〉 were that the bounds of Tyrone should be limited That one or two planet namely that of Blackwater should be reserued for the building of Forts and keeping of Garrisons therein That the sonnes of Shane and Tirlogh should be prouided for and that he should challenge no authoritie ouer the neighbour Lords bordering vpon Tyrone or any where out of that County And such were his indeauours in the Queenes seruice such his protestations of faith and thankfulnesse as Tirlogh Linnogh by the Queenes intercession was induced vpon certain conditions for his maintenance to surrender the County and all command in those parts vnto him Cormoe preserued from Shane by the English now rebelling with Hugh Neale Conuelagh Turlogh Lynnogh tooke the title of Oneale after Shane he was aged and so loued quietnesse the rather for feare of the children of Shane and of Matthew the Bastard He was obedient to the Queene but made warre vpon Odonnel the Iland Scots of whom he killed in the field Alexander Oge who murthered Shane Oneale Sir Arthur O Neale Knight liuing in this Rebellion This Sir Arthur serued the Queene against Hugh the Arch-Rebell who had two of his sons in prison but two or three other sonnes were with their father at Laughfoyle among the English The Spanish forsooth inuincible Nauy sent to inuade England in the yeere 1588 being dispersed and prouing nothing lessethen inuincible many of them were wrecked on the Coasts of Ireland whereof some were harboured by the Earle of Tyrone with whom since he was thought to haue plotted the following mischiefes And shortly after in the end of this yeere or beginning of the next Sir Iohn Perrot being reuoked Sir William Fitz-williams was sent Lord Deputy into Ireland I haue heard that he hauing been formerly Lord Deputy when he returned and sued for recompence of his seruice a great Lord should answer him that such imployments were preferments and not seruices to challenge reward And therefore it in this new imployment any shall thinke that he followed this counsell seeking to make it a preferment to him and his family I doe not much maruell thereat This I write of heare-say but as in the generall relation following I purpose to write nothing which is not warranted either by relations presented to the Queene by the principall Councellers of Ireland or by Letters interchanged betweene the States of England and Ireland or like authenticall writings so for the particular of the aboue named Lord Deputy if perhaps some may thinke any thing obserued by me to derogate from him I protest that whatsoeuer I write is in like sort warranted and may not be omitted without the scandall of Historicall integrity being obiections frequently made by the Rebels for excuse of their disloyalty aswell in all their petitions as treaties of peace But howsoeuer I cannot but mention these imputations yet I aduise the Reader to iudge of them as obiections of the Rebels who in their nature are clamorous and could no way make their excuse so plausible as by scandalizing the chiefe Gouernor And I further protest that as I shall in the due place once mention an honorable answer of this L. Deputy to part of the chief complaints made by the Irish against him so I would most willingly haue inserted his full iustification if any such memoriall had come to my hands Sir William Fitz-williams being Lord Deputy of Ireland Sir Iohn Norreys was Lord President of Mounster who made his brother Sir Thomas his Vice-president and Sir Richard Bingham was Gouernor of Connaght This Lord Deputy now againe entering the gouernement of Ireland that Kingdome was in the best estate that it had beene in of long time not only peaceable and quiet so as any the greatest Lord called by letter or messenger readily came to the State there and none of them were known to be any way discontented but also most plentifull in corne cattel and all manner of victuals But within three moneths after his taking of the sword some Irish informed him that the aboue named Spaniards last yeere wrecked on the Coasts of Connaght and Vlster had left with the Inhabitants in whose hands they fell great store of treasure and other riches This
Prouince till Mauritius Elector of Saxony obtained helpe of the King of France Henry the second who came with a great Army to the confines of the Empire professing himselfe the Champion of the Germane liberty At which time Mauritius besieging Magdeburg with the Emperours army receiued that City into the protection of the Empire and of himselfe and lest he might seeme to deale persidiously with the Emperour if he should assaile him with forces vnder his owne pay dismissed the whole Army yet so as himselfe presently entertained in his owne pay the greatest part thereof willing to serue him And with these forces he so speedily came to Insprucke where the Emperour then lay as his sudden repaire made the Emperour hastily flie out of the Empire into Italy Thus Mauritius caused the captiue Princes of the reformed religion to be set at liberty gaue peace to the reformed religion and restored liberty to the oppressed Empire And how soeuer he cunningly had aduanced himselfe and his posterity by the deiection of his owne kinsemen suffering for the reformed religion and for the liberty of the Empire yet he repaired the publike losses of his Religion and of his Countrey But they who more iudicially obserued the affaires of this age confesse that nothing hath more kept the house of Austria from subduing the West then those of the same House For the foresaid confident proceeding of Mauritius was caused by the distrusts and iealousies betweene Charles the fifth and his brother Ferdinand springing from the following cause namely that Charles the elder brother to the end that he might keepe the Empire in his own Family had caused his brother Ferdinand at Colen in the yeere 1531 to be chosen King of the Romans so they call him that is chosen in the Emperours life to succeed him hoping that when his sonne Philip should come to age his brother for some increase of his patrimony would be induced to surrender his right in the Empire But Ferdinand at this time hauing had large offers made him to resigne the same could not be induced to doe that wrong to his children And because he suspected that Charles the Emperor might force him thereunto he is said to haue gladly borne the aduerse fortune of his said brother and all troubles rising against him yea if men of experience may be beleeued to haue himselfe encouraged Mauritius to the foresaid attempt Therefore Charles failing of his hope and for age and wearinesse of the World retiring himselfe to a priuate life in a Monastery of Spaine in the yeere 1558 his brother Ferdinand tooke possession of the Empire which remaineth to this day in his posterity the Electors alwayes vsing to respect the right of blood in choosing the new Emperour And vnder their poore estate and vnwarlike mindes the Empire at this day languisheth like a sparke lapped in ashes And the Popes held for Gods vpon earth haue no more feared the Emperors authority but rather supported it against the reformed religion and the inuasions of the Turks the Emperors alwayes acknowledging this vnprofitable seruant of their Progenitors for their Benefactor and spirituall Father The Emperour Rodolphus at this time liuing is of the House of Austria whose pedegree I will set downe The first Family of the House of Austria gaue many Emperours to Germany but that was extinguished in Conradine the sonne of Fredericke few yeeres before Rodolphus of Habspurg came to the Empire who is the roote of this second Family of Austria Rodulphus of Habsburg of the House of Austria was chosen Emperour in the yeere 1273. Albert the first Heire of the Dukedomes of Austria Stiria and Carniola after his Father had subdued the Kingdome of Bohemia ioyned it to the Empire was chosen Emperour and dyed in the yeare 1308. Rodulphus Duke of Austria died in the yeare 1308. Fredericke made Duke of Suenia and Morania by the Emperours gift dyed in the yeare 1330. Leopold Duke of Austria Albert the second Count of Tyroll by the Marriage of his Sonne to the Niece of the King of Bohemia died in the yeare 1359. Albert the third Duke of Austria died in the yeare 1395. Albert the fifth Emperour and by marriage of the Daughter of the Emperour Sigismond made King of Hungaria and of Bohemia died in the yeare 1439. Fredericke the third Emperour died in the yeare 1493. Maximilian the first Emperour after the death of Mathias King of Hungary recouered that Kingdome which he had vsurped then retaining to himselfe the right of succession yeelded it to Ladrslaus and marrying the daughter of Charles Duke of Burgundy made that Dukedome and all the Prouinces of Netherland hereditary to the House of Austria He died in the yeare 1519. Philip marrying the Daughter of Ferdinand King of Spaine became Heire to those Kingdomes and died young before his Father in the yeare 1506. Charles the fifth Emperor died in the yeere 1558. By his Wife Isabella daughter to the King of Portugall Philip King of Spaine This is the first Family of the Archdukes of Austria to this day reigning in Spaine Philip King of Spaine borne of Anne of Austria in the yeare 1578. Two sisters Catherin-borne of Isabella of Valoss wife to the Duke of Sanoy and Isabella Clara Eugenia wife to arch-Duke Albert and borne of Anne of Austria By Anne of Austria Iames died of nine yeares of age Ferdinand died a child Charles Dentatus by Marie of Portugall by his Fathers permission put to death by the Inquisition anno 1568. Ferdinand died an Infant Two Sisters Mary wife to the Emperour Maximilian the second and Ione wife to the King of Fortugall By Ione his concubine Don Iuan Victor of the Turks in naual fight dying an 1578. Ione wife to the Duke of Florence Marie wife to the Duke of Parma Foure Daughters Elinora married to Francis the first King of France died ann 1558. Isabel wife to the King of Denmarke died ann 1525. Mary wife to the King of Hungary after gouerning Netherland died ann 1558. Catherine wife to the King of Portingall Ferdinand Emperour after the vnhappy death of Lodonicus King of Hungary in a battell against the Turks in the yeare 1526 by the right of his wife sister and heire to 〈◊〉 the said contract made by Maximilian I Emperor was crowned King of Hungary and also by his said wiues right K. of Bohemia died anno 1564. Maximilian the second Emperor maried to Mary sister to Philip King of Spaine died anno 1576. This is the second Family of the Arch-Dukes of Austria to this day succeeding in the Empire of Germany Ferdinand died a childe in the yeare 1552. Rodulp 2 of that name and the eighth Emperour of this Family chosen King of the Romans 1575 Emperour 1576. succeeding King of Hungarie 1572 King of Bohemia 1575. Hee was at this time Emperor and liued vnmarried 3. Sonne Ernestus gouerned Netherland and died vnmarried 4. Matthew vnmarried 5. Maximilian vnmarried 6. Albert surrendered his
them be they neuer so secretly hidden In the Prouince of Morauia incorporated to Bohemia I haue formerly said that the Gentlemen haue like priuiledges and absolute power ouer their subiects being all born slaues And in Germany that the Marquis of Anspach hath like born slaues And I shall in due place shew that in Denmark and Poland the people are meere slaues so as the Gentlemen and Lords recken not their estates by yearly rents but by the number of their Bawren or clownes who are all slaues In Bohemia the goods of condemned persons fall to the Lord of the fee. Among the Barons the Baron of Rosenburg was cheefe who for life was chosen Viceroy and dwelt vpon the confines of Austria being said to haue the yearly rents of eighty thousand Dollers but in respect he had no Sonne to succeede him he was lesse esteemed especially himselfe being decrepite and his brother also old and without probable hope of issue The second family of the Barons was that of the Popels hauing many branches and plenty of heires One of them was at that time in great grace with the Emperor Rodulphus And the whole family for the issue was much estemed of the people and States of the Kingdome In Bohemia as in Poland Gentlemen cannot be iudged but at fower meetings in the yeare and then are tried by Gentlemen so as the accusers being wearied with delaies the offenders are commonly freed but men of inferior condition are daily iudged and suddenly tried The Bohemians giue greater titles to Gentlemen by writing and in saluting then the Germans where notwithstanding as appeares in the due place there is great and vndecent flattery by words among all degrees I did not obserue or reade that the Bohemians haue any military or ciuill order or degree of Knightes as the English haue The Hussites hauing changed nothing in religion saue onely the communicating of the Lords Supper in both kinds with some other small matters yet I did not heare that they haue any Bishops and I am sure that the Bishopricke of Prage had then been long void They and all of the reformed Religion in Bohemia send their Ministers to Wittenberg an Vniuersity in Saxony for receiuing of Orders with imposition of hands from the Lutheran Superintendant and the Ministers of that place CHAP. IIII. Of the particular Common-wealths as well of the Princes of Germany as of the Free Cities such of both as haue absolute power of life and death IT remaineth to adde something of priuat Princes Courts and the Gouernement of the free Cities And since I haue formerly said that these Princes and Cities hauing absolute power of life and death are many in number and that according to the number of the Princes the places also where taxes and impositions are exacted are no lesse frequent as well for subiects as strangers passing by both for persons and for wares And that they who deceiue the Prince in any such kind neuer escape vnpunished Now to auoid tediousnesse I will onely mention the chiefe Princes and Cities by which coniecture may be made of the rest and this I will doe briefely without any repetition of things formerly set downe Touching the Electors I haue formerly related the principall lawes of the golden Bulla The Duke of Saxony is one of these Electors many waies powerfull and he deriues his pedegree from Witikind a famous Duke of the Germans in the time of the Emperour Charles the Great who forced him to lay aside the name of King permitting him the title of a Duke and to become Christian in the yeere 805. Witikynd the second Deitgrenius Frederike Fredericke inuested Marquis of Misen by the Emperour Henrie the first he died in the yeere 925. Bruno Dittimare Christian inuested Marquis of Lusatia by the Emperor Otho the first Theodorike died in the yeere 1034. Henrie Marquis of Misen and Lusatia died in the yeere 1106. Timo. Conrade the Great died in the yeere 1150. Otho the Rich built Friburg where hee had found Mines of Siluer and died in the yeere 1189. Theodorike was poisoned by the Citizens of Leipzig in the yeere 1220. Henrie by right of inheritance became Langraue of Thuring and died 6287. In right line from Henrie discends Fredericke who chosen Emperour yeelded the Empire to his Competitor the Emperour Charles the fourth taking mony for giuing vp his right and he died in the yeere 1349. In right line is Fredericke the Warlike who ouercame the Bohemians rebelling against the Emperour receiued the Scholers of Prage to study at Leipzig restrained the title of Dukes of Saxony to Families which after the Emperours of Saxonie had been confusedly vsurped and lastly appropriated the title of Elector to his Family He died in the yeere 1423. Fredericke the Gentle died in the yeere 1464. Ernestus the Elector died in the yeere 1486. The Elector Frederike the Wise who put the Empire from himself chose Charles the fifth Hee did found the Vniuersitie at Wittenberg and died 1525. Iohn Elector exhibited the eformed Confession at Augsburg and died 1533. Iohn Frederike for the Reformed Religion deposed from the Electorship by the Emperour Charles the fifth He married Sibill daughter to the Duke of Iuliar and died 1554 Iohn Frederike proscribed by the Empire and prosecuted by Augustus Elector of Saxonie in the Emperours name was taken prisoner by him at the taking and razing of Gotha Iohn Casimire borne of his fathers second wife Elizabeth daughter to Frederike Elector Palatine He was borne 1564 and married Anna daughter to Augustus Elector of Saxonie Iohn Ernest then vnmarried borne in the yeere 1566. These Dukes of Saxony then liuing were called the Dukes of Coburg Iohn William serued the King of France in those Ciuill warres and died 1573. Will. Frederik borne of another daughter to Frederike Elector Palatine 1562 he buried the daughter to the Duke of Wirtenberg and married the daughter of Philip Lodowick Prince Palatine 1591. He was Tutor to the sonnes of Christian Elector preferred to the Duke of Coburg because his father was proscribed and neuer restored Iohn borne 1570 then vnmarried This Duke of Saxonie was called the D. of Wyneberg The last Elector of this branch Albert the Stout Duke of Saxonie died in the yeere 1500. George of Leipzig called the Popish was Duke of Saxonie and died in the yeare 1539. Henrie Duke of Saxonie made Gouernour of Friesland by his father was there in danger to be put to death had not his father come to deliuer him he died in the yeere 1541. The first Elector of this branch Mauritius made Elector by the Emperor Charles the 5 was borne 1521 died 1553. Augustus Elector maried Anne daughter to the K. of Denmarke and died 1586 Eight Boyes and three Girles died Christian the Elector married the daughter to the Elector of Brandeburg and died 1591. Three young daughters Christian the second Elector but then a Pupill borne 1583 the fiue and twentieth of September at three of
write any lies but that which I write is as true as strange When I returned into England some foure yeeres after I would not open the barrell I sent from Prage nor looke on the paper Booke in which I had written this dreame till I had called my sisters and some friends to be witnesses where my selfe and they were astonished to see my written dreame answere the very day of my Fathers death I may lawfully sweare that which my kinsmen haue heard witnessed by my brother Henry whilst he liued that in my youth at Cambridge I had the like dreame of my Mothers death where my brother Henry lying with me early in the morning I dreamed that my mother passed by with a sad countenance and told me that shee could not come to my commencement I being within fiue moneths to proceed Master of Arts and shee hauing promised at that time to come to Cambridge And when I related this dreame to my brother both of vs awaking together in a sweat he protested to me that he had dreamed the very same and when wee had not the least knowledge of our Mothers sickenesse neither in our youthfull affections were any whit affected with the strangenesse of this dreame yet the next Carrier brought vs word of our mothers death Being as I haue said certified of my Fathers death at Nurnberg and thinking not fit to goe on my iourney into Italy and yet being loath to returne into England before I had finished my purposed voyage I tooke the middle counsell to returne into the Low Countries that in those neere places I might dispose of my small patrimony for in England gentlemen giue their younger sonnes lesse then in forraine parts they giue to their bastards and so might leaue the same in the hands of some trusty friend Yet lest I should loose the opportunity of seeing Augsburg meaning to returne some other way into Italy I resolued to goe from hence to Augsburg and then to crosse ouer the West parts of Germany and so to passe along the Riuer Rhein into the Low Countries To Augsburg being two dayes iourney and a halfe I hired of the City Carrier in whose company I went an Horse for two Dollors as I remember The Merchants of Nurnberg and Augsburg giue pensions to eight of these Carriers daily passing betweene those Cities besides the profit they make of letters and other things they carry by horse The first day after breake-fast we rode one mile in a thicke wood and another mile through sandy corne fields somewhat wooddy both in the territory of the Nurnbergers and foure miles more in the territory of the Margraue of Anspach to Blinfield where each man paid for his supper and horse meat sixe batzen The second day we rode foure miles to Monheime through a wood of Iuniper full of blacke berries and barberies at the end whereof was a free City called Wassenberge and after through fruitfull hils and valleies of corne all the territory excepting the free City belonging to the Marshall of the Emperour not of the Empire when we came almost to our iourneies end the Carrier had a guide giuen him according to custome for theeues vsing to lie by that way Monheime belongs to the Phaltz-graue of Newburg being of the family of the Phaltz-graues of Rhein and there we paid each man for his dinner and horse-meat thirty foure creitzers which make eight batzen and a halfe and there we tasted Iuniper wine which I neuer remember to haue tasted else where After dinner we rode two miles and a halfe through fruitfull hils of corne and a small wood of Okes though all the woods of vpper Germany be commonly of firre bearing greene leaues all winter as those of inferiour Germany towards Denmarke be all of Okes. By the way we passed a Monastery granted to the Phaltzgraue of Rhein by the Emperour and a free City of the Empire called Donaward of the two Riuers Danow Werd meeting there and there we passed by bridge the Danow running by the City Then wee rode to Weschendorff two miles and a halfe more through fruitfull fields of corne pastures the Country belonging to the Fugares Citizens of Augsburg to diuers other Lords The Castle of this place belongs to the said Fugares who are rich famous for their treasure though they haue princely reuenues the title of barons yet stil are merchants here each man paid for his supper hors-meat 8. batzen a half The third day in the morning we rode three miles to Augsburg through a fruitfull plaine of corne without the wals whereof on the East and North and some part of the South sides the fields are drowned with waters and men passe to the Citie by causies for on these sides the ground lieth low but on the West side is all the beauty of the City where the houses are seated vpon a hill and ther is a place for the Merchants to meet called the Berle and likewise the Senate house in the street Weingasse so called of the Wine cellars There also be many Pallaces stately built of the Fugares and other Citizens all the building is of free stone sixe or seuen roofes high but in other parts it is more poorely built of timber and clay On this West part of the City is the Gate called Kuknerthore and the ditches are dry as they be round about the City the wals are of stone which being on all other sides narrow are on this side broad for vpon the wals of this side there be little houses built for fiue hundred Garrison Souldiers to dwell in with their wiues and families which place is vulgarly called Die schwang Here the Souldiers keep watch each three daies by turne each of them haue for pay six guldens by the moneth and there is a market place whether the Souldiers vpon any difference vse to challenge each other On this West side is another gate vulgarly called Der Einlasse by which passengers are receiued into the City by night when the gates are shut and this their entrance is so curiously admitted as many strangers desirous to see the fashion suffer themselues of purpose to be locked out at night and willingly giue a reward to the souldiers letting them in when they receiue in those that are shut out diuers gates are opened and no man being seene to open them are presently shut on the back of them that come in then they being thus shut as it were in a prison a box is put downe to them in which they cast a reward which done the Watch-men out of win dowes behold each man that is to enter and so being safe from all treason let them passe by the last gate into the City On the South side there be two gates Roatthore and Smitbogenthore on the East side the gate Iacoberthore and a little gate called Holeblatten-thorelin On the East side the Riuer Werda the Brooke Lecca running towards the North in three
he said that he began then first to dwell like a man Vpon this said Mountaine of the Horses the Pope hath a stately Pallace which a Cardinall of Ferrara built and he being dead Pope Gregorie the thirteenth seased vpon it The staires are very faire each hauing his pillar and the ascent is most easie I think a fairer Gallerie can hardly be seene being one hundred and twentie walking paces long There is a Chamber wherin Pope Sixius the fifth died A second wherein Ambassadours are heard A third in which Cardinals are chosen The Popes study is very pleasant and so is the Garden hauing many Fountaines Groues Labyrinthes a Rocke artificially distilling water and many most sweet Arbours Moreouer on this Mount is the most faire Fountaine of Pope Sixtus the fifth called the Happie for hither is the water brought from the stately Conduit without the Gate Maggiore in the way IX Praenestina reaching many miles which was built by Pope Sixtus the fifth with Imperiall magnificence in the yeere 1587. And this Fountaine casteth out waters from the mouthes of foure Lions of white Marble Likewise vpon the same is the Image of Moses striking the Rocke with his Rod and there be two other mouthes lower to cast out water and it is all engrauen with the said historie of Moses Descending from this Mount we did see in a priuate Gentlemans house an Horse of brasse esteemed at twenty fiue thousand pounds sterling which Henrie the second had placed at Paris as they said it death had not preuented him Hence towards the East we went forward towards the Bathes of Dioclesian and by the way at the foote of the Mount of the Horses we did see the Bathes of Constantine A man cannot sufficiently wonder at the ruines of Dioclesians Baths by which it seemes they were of incredible greatnesse and they report that this Emperour compelled many thousands of Christians to worke vpon this building for many yeeres Vnder the earth are gates and diuers passages of vnknowne extent Vpon these Bathes Pope Pius the fourth in the yeere 1561 built the Church Saint Mary of the Angels and with the consent of the people of Rome gaue it to the Carthusian Friers In the roomes of this Bath Pope Gregorie the thirtenth in the yeere 1575 built a Granary for Corne and the said Church of Saint Marie is beautified with faire pillars thirtie spannes compasse and with exquisite pictures especially those two neere the Altar of the Emperor Maximilian and his Empresse Hence we went to the Church of Saint C Marie Maggiore being one of the seuen Churches and vnder this Church vpon a Hill neere Saint Potentiana which giues the title to a Cardinall of old were the Nouatian Bathes And vpon Mount XXVI Esquiline neere the Church Saint Laurence In Palesperna giuing title to a Cardinall were of old the Olimpike Bathes And the said Church of Saint Marie is built where the Temple of Isis stoode highly honoured of the old Romans Pope Sixtus the fifth brought hither in the yeere 1587 the foresaid Obeliske from the Sepulcher of Augustus neere 18 Saint Rocco and it is the lowest and the least of all the Obeliskes Vpon this Mount Esquiline was a place for burning dead bodies but the Romans being offended with the smoke Augustus gaue that field to Maecenas who made most famous Gardens there Hereabouts lies the Chappell of Saint Luke peculiar to the Painters and there was a groue consecrated to Iuno The Church of Saint Anthony is little but full of faire pictures and in the Vineyard of the Hospitall was the stately Church of Diana And the famous Church of Mars was built where that of Saint Martin now stands which giues the title to a Cardinall As we went from Mount Esquiline to the Theater of Vespasian we saw by the way a rare Monument built by the said Emperour or his sonne Titus vpon Mount Esquiline It hath nine Cesternes vnder the ground and is vulgarly called Sette sale of seuen seuerall chambers where of each is seuentene foote broad twelue foote high and one hundred thirtie seuen foote long and hath foure doores which so answere one another as a man may see all the roomes at once Neere the Church of Saint Clement is the wonderfull Theater of Vespasian vulgarly called Il Coliseo in which the people were wont to see the fighting of Fencers the hunting of wilde beasts and like games and it receiued one hundred and nintie others say eightie fiue thousand persons and the outside was of old round but the inside of Oual forme and as high as the top of Mount Celius I obserued the building now to be of bricke and the foundation to be sixtie walking paces broad and to haue foure rowes of seates one aboue the other and the inside from the foundation of the seates to bee eight walking paces broad and one hundred thirtie and fiue paces long The ruines of the like Theater but lesse built by Statilius lie neere the Church D San'Croce The foresaid Church of Saint Clement giues the title to a Cardinall but the wals are all ruined and this part is not inhabited neither is the streete paued from thence to the Church D S. Croce in memory as they say of Pope Ioane which being great with childe and hauing gone a folemne Procession from A Saint Iohn Lateran to the said Church of the D holy Crosse as she returned this way amidst her pompe was deliuered of a Childe Neere to the said Theater of Vespasian lies the Triumphall Arch erected to Constantine the great when he had ouercome Maxentius and it is most faire and curiously carued Neere that is the Church of Saint Marie the new which giues the title to a Cardinal and in the Garden is a monument of the idoll Serapis The 22 Triumphal Arch erected to Vespasian and Titus when hee came from the destruction of Ierusalem hath but one Arch and is lesse then the former erected to Constantine but it is no lesse adorned with their actions engrauen Neere the said Church of Saint Marie the new lie the vast ruines of the famous Temple of Peace the roofe whereof is richly engrauen Neere this is a kind of Gibet which they called of old Tygillum Sororium that is the sisters rafter because when the Horatij three brothers had killed the Curiutij three brothers yet onely one of the Horatij remaining aliue he returning into the Citie and finding his sister weepe for her priuate losse in a day of publique ioy killed her with his owne handes and for shew of iustice was condemned to passe vnder this rafter without further punishment in respect of his desert in that battell Vpon mount Palatine of old was a Pallace now called vulgarly XXIII Ilpalazzo Maggiore in which most of the Emperours did dwell and vpon the ruines thereof the deceased Cardinall Farnese had a pleasant Vineyard And at the foote of this Mountaine neere the Chappell of Saint Theodor they say that Romulus and Remus were
Citie with murthers which being extinct the faction of the Cancellieri and the Panzaditi began which lasted almost to our time with incredible hatred and murther But of late times the Duke of Florence published an Edict that vpon great penaltie no man should weare any Roses or other signes of faction which till that time they did beare vpon the parts of their body where they might most easily be seene From hence I walked three miles through little Mountaines to Sarauale and two miles to Pouanni where the Plaine begins to open and three miles to the Brooke Pescha where I paied a Creitzer for my passage by boate and fiue miles to Borgo nuouo through Mountaines full of Chess-nuts and other nut trees and eight miles in the territorie of Lucca through a large plaine to a solitarie Inne called La Moretta By the way I paid vpon reckoning on reale and a halfe for my breakefast and in this Inne I lodged and paied at an ordinarie three reali for my Supper The next morning I walked one mile to Lucca the Emperour Charles the fourth made this Citie free which hath kept the Libertie to this day gouerned by Senators but liues in parpetuall feare of practises against this libertie from the great Duke of Florence It is seated in a plaine and strongly fortified and compassed with Mountaines on all sides but somewhat distant and onely lies open on the side towards Pistoia being two miles in compasse and hauing about thirtie foure thousand Inhabitants The strectes are narrow and paued with broad free stone most easie to walke vpon The Pallaces of the chiefe Gentlemen are built of free stone with a low roofe after the Italian fashion and they haue many pleasant Gardens within the walles In the corner towards North-west by North is a strong castle neere which lies the Cathedrall Church stately paued with Marble but very darke as most of the Papists Churches are built either because they think darkenesse increaseth Religion or to make it an excuse for their burning candles in the day There also lies the Senate house and al the Innes are in one street that they may more easily look into strangers for any practise against their liberty for which cause no man may weare any weapons in the city nor so much as a knife except the point be blunt These Citizens first spread through Italy the Art of making silke and weauing it into clothes and by this traficke they haue very rich families Here I paid at an Ordinaric o reali for my dinner and supper From Lucca I walked miles through a pleasant Plaine to the Mountaine of Pisa which diuides the Territories of those two Cities and it is very high stoney yet is full of Rosemary Time and sweet smelling hearbs the passage of it is 2 miles long After I went 3 miles through fenny ground often ouerflowed with the Riuer Arno and came to Pisa. Arno is a little Riuer talling from the Apenine Mountaines neere Florence through which City it runs and so passeth through a most pleasant and fruitful Plaine to Pisa through which Citie it also runs and by reason of the narrow bed and the neere Mountaine of Pisa is subiect to ouerflow vpon any great raine so as with great hurt it drowneth the fields of Pisa and those that lie frō thence to the Sea Pisa of old famous for nauigation was made free by the Emperor Charles the fourth about the yeere 1369. But long after it was the second time sold to the Florentines by Galeacius Vicount of Millan Then they practised with the French to recouer their liberty when Charles the eight passed that way to conquer Naples til they were the third time subdued by the Florentines since which time the family of Medici inuaded the liberty of Florence together with that of Pisa vnder the title of Great Duke of Florence which they hold to this day But whē Pisa was thus brought in subiection to Florence many of the chiefe Citizens chose rather to liue at Venice and other places in perpetual banishment with their posterity then to be subiect to the Florentines Pisa was of old called Alpheo of the builders comming from their dwellings neere 〈◊〉 a Riuer in Greece The brook Arno runs from the Last to the west through Pisa seated in a Plaine and towards the North-West by North is a Gate and a most faire Cathedral Church paued with Marble curiously wrought hauing a most faire pulpit In which Church neere the high Alter is the Sepulcher of the Emperor Henrie the seuenth whom Plutina and many German Writers affirme to haue been poisoned by a wicked Monk of the Order of the Predicants at the Communion of our blessed Lords Supper Vpon this monument these words are written in Latin In this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be dispised are contained the bones of Henry the seuenth Count of Luceburg and after the seuenth Emperour of that name which the second yeere after his death namely 1319. the twentyfiue day of the Sextiles c. were brought to Pisa and with great honour of funer all laid in this Church where they remaine to this day The steeple is neere the Church but feuered from it which seemes to threaten the salling from the top to the bottome but that is done by the great Art of the workemen deceiuing the eye for it is as strongly built as the Church I ascended the same by two hundred and forty staires of marble in which ascent it hath seuen galleries on the out side Not farre then to is a yard vsed for common buriall called the holy field vulgarly Campo Santo In which the Emperour Fredericke Barbarossa returning from Hic usalem did lay great stone of that earth which he had vsed for ballast of his ships and they say that dead bodies laid there doe-consume in a most short time This yard is compassed with a building all of Marble which lies open like a Cloyster we call it a terras and the same is couered with lead very sumptiously hauing in bredth 56 pillars and in length 189. each distant from the other thirteene walking paces So as in my opinion this yard for buriall is much more stately then that most faire yard for the same purpose which I formerly discribed at Leipzig in Germany called in Dutch Got saker In this place is a sepulcher stately built of marble of diuers colors with this inscriptioin Latin Pope Gregory the thirteenth borne at Bologna commanded this to be made so the most 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 Lawyer Iohn Buon ' Compagno his brother by the Fathers side deceased in 〈◊〉 the yeere 1544 at Pisa where he was chiefe Professour of that Law Here I did see another sepulcher with this inscription in Latin To Mathew Curtius Physitian Duke Cosmo made this at his owne charge in the yeere 1544. At the West corner of the City is the Armory vulgarly called L Arsenalo where they build and keepe the Dukes Gallies which were there at
suddenly he changed his minde for feare of a great Rhume wherewith he was troubled or being discouraged with the difficulty of the iourney and would needs returne to Emden with purpose if hee were to be belieued to returne the next Spring to some place neere Ierusalem in an English ship which he thought more commodious He professed that he had put much money out vpon his returne and since hee was old and very sickly and after so long a iourney and so much money spent would needes returne home I cannot thinke that he euer vndertooke this iourney againe Many Papists thinke they must haue the Popes Licence to goe this iourney and Villamont a French Gentlemen writes that otherwise they incurre the censure of the Church and affirmes that the Pope writ vnder his licence these words Fiat quod petitar that is let that be granted which is craued and vnder the remission of his sinnes Fiat Faelix that is Let him be made happy And he addes that he was forced to take as much paines and to spend as much and to vse as much helpe of the Popes Officers for the obtaining of these two sutes as if he had beene a suter for a Bishoppricke But I know many Papists that haue gone from Venice to Hierusalem who either cared not for this licence or neuer thought vpon it and how soeuer it may giue some credulous men hope of fuller indulgence or merit surely it will serue them for no other vse Among our consorts I neuer heard any mention thereof neither did the Friars at Ierusalem inquire after it When I first began to thinke of vndertaking this iourney it was told me that each Ascension day a Venetian gally was set forth to carry Pilgrimes to Ierusalem But it seemes that this custome is growne out of vse since few are found in these daies who vndertake this iourney in regard of the Turkes imposing great exactions and doing foule iniuries to them For the very Friars which euery third yeere are sent into those parts to doe diuine duties to the Papist Merchants there abiding the Friars formerly sent being recalled vse to passe in no other then common Merchants ships In the end of March we had the opportunity of a ship passing into Asia which at that time of the yeere is not rare This ship was called the lesse Lyon and the Master whom the Italians cal Patrono was Constantine Coluri a Grecian as most part of the Marriners are Greekes the Italians abhorring from being sea men Concerning diet some agreed with the Steward of the ship called Ilscalco and they paid by the moneth foure siluer crownes each crowne at seuen lyres and I marked their Table was poorely scrued For our part we agreed with the Master himselfe who for seuen gold crownes by the month paid by each of vs did curteously admit vs to his Table and gaue vs good diet seruing each man with his knife and spoone and his forke to hold the meat whiles he cuts it for they hold it ill manners that one should touch the meat with his hand and with a glasse or cup to drinke in peculiar to himselfe Hee gaue vs wine mingled with water and fresh bread for two or three daies after we came out of any harbour and otherwise bisket which we made soft by soaking it in wine or water In like sort at first setting forth he gaue vs fresh meates of flesh and after salted meates and vpon fasting dayes he gaue vs egges fishes of diuers kinds dried or pickled sallets sod Rice and pulse of diuers kinds Oyle in stead of butter Nuts fruit Cheese and like things Also we agreed that if our iourney were ended before the moneth expired a rateable proportion of our money should be abated to vs. Each of vs for his passage agreed to pay fiue siluer crownes of Italy And howsoeuer I thinke they would not haue denied vs wine or meat betweene meales if we had beene drie or hungry yet to auoide troubling of them my selfe and my brother carried some flaggons of rich wine some very white bisket some pruines and raisins and like things And to comfort our stomackes in case of weakenesse we carried ginger nutmegs and some like things and for remedies against agues we carried some cooling sirops and some pounds of sugar and some laxatiue medicines Also we carried with vs two chests not onely to lay vp these things but also that we might sleepe and rest vpon them at pleasure and two woollen little mattresses to lie vpon and foure quilts to couer vs and to lay vnder vs which mattresses and quilts we carried after by land or else we should haue beene farre worse lodged in the houses of Turkes besides that many times we lay in the field vnder the starry cannopy In stead of sheetes we vsed linnen breeches which we might change at pleasure Howsoeuer all Nations may vse their owne apparell in Turky yet the clothes of Europe and especially the short clokes are most offensiue to them so as the wearer prouoketh them thereby to doe him iniuries Therefore my selfe and my brother bought each of vs a long coat of as course stuffe as we could find a long gowne of a course and rough frize Our swords daggers and European garments we left in our chests with a Flemmish Merchant lying at Venice to be kept against our returne and howsoeuer he falling banckerout left the City before that time yet our goods were by the publike Officer laid apart and readily deliuered to vs at our returne Whereas we left our swords at Venice know that no Turkes and much lesse Christians carry any Armes except when they goe some iourney and that we were not ignorant that howsoeuer Christians may defend themselues from theeues by the high way yet it was hard to distinguish betweene the Turkes violent extortions with the iniuries of them and the Ianizares by the high waies and flatrobberies by theeues and that whosoeuer should draw a sword or a knife against these men or any Turke scoffing and defpising him should be sure to die an ill death by publike Iustice which notwithstanding I know not how any man carrying Armes could haue the patience to endure Therefore since the Turkes iournying in great troopes were sufficiently armed against theeues and in all euents are vnfaithfull fellow souldiers to a Christian ioining with them excepting the Ianizares who how soeuer they make a shew of feare of theeues that they may seeme better to deserue their wages yet haue seldome or neuer beene assaulted by them For these and other reasons wee left our swords at Venite which reasons it would be tedious to vrge and chose rather vnarmed then armed to suffer iniuries which there cannot be auoided My selfe and my brother Henry who died this yeere in the moneth of Iuly spent foure hundred and eighty pounds sterling in this iourney from England to Ierusalem and thence to Haleppo and in my particular iourney after his death to Constantinople
Fitten to Robert Annesley to Edward Barkley to Sir Henry Vthered to Sir William Courtney to Robert Strowde and to their heires were granted 96165 Acres with rents nine hundred three thirty pound foure shillings halfe penny sterling In Corke by patent to Vane Beacher to Henrie North to Arthur Rawlins to Arthur Hide to Hugh Cuffe to Sir Thomas Noris to Warham Sent-leger to S t Thomas Stoyes to Master Spencer to Thomas Fleetwood and Marmaduke Edmunds and to their heires were granted 88037 Acres with rents fiue hundred twelue pound seuen shillings sixe pence halfe penny sterling In Waterford and Tripperary by Patent to the Earle of Ormond to Sir Christopher Hatton to Sir Edward Fitton to Sir Walter Rawleigh and to their heires were granted 22910 Acres with rent three hundred and three pound three pence sterling These Vndertakers did not people these Seigniories granted them and their heires by Patent as they were bound with well affected English but either sold them to English Papists such as were most turbulent and so being daily troubled and questioned by the English Magistrate were like to giue the most money for the Irish land or otherwise disposed them to their best profit without respect of the publike good neither did they build Castles and doe other things according to their couenants for the publike good but onely sought their priuate ends and so this her Maiesties bounty to them turned not to the strengthning but rather to the weakening of the English Gouernement in that Prouince of Mounster Touching the Rebellion of the Earle of Tyrone the worthy Antiquary Camden mentioneth Neale the Great tyrannising in Vlster and great part of Ireland before the comming of Saint Patrick into that Kingdome about the yeere of our Lord 431 adding that this Family notwithstanding liued after more obscurely not onely till the English entered to conquer Ireland about the yeere 1169 but after that to the time that the Scots vnder Edward Bruce attempted to conquer that Kingdome about the yeere 1318. In which turbulent time Doneualdus O Neale started vp and in his letters to the Pope stiled himselfe King of Vlster and true Heire of all Ireland Further Camden addeth that after the appeasing of these troubles this new King vanished and his posteritie lurked in obscuritie till the Ciuill warres of England betweene the Houses of Yorke and Lancastar The seede whereof was sowne by Henry the fourth of Lancastar Family deposing Richard the second of Yorke Family and vsurping the Crowne though Henrie the fourth and his sonne Henrie the fifth by their valour so maintained this vsurpation as no Ciuill warre brake forth in their time nor so long as the noble Brothers of Henrie the fifth and Vncles to Henrie the sixth liued After betweene Henrie the sixth of Lancaster Family and Edward the fourth of Yorke Family this bloudy war was long continued but ended in the death of the next successor Richard the third a double Vsurper both of the House of Lancaster and the Heires of his Brother Edward the fourth of the House of Yorke After in the marriage of Henrie the seuenth with the Daughter and Heire of Edward the fourth both these Houses were vnited and so this bloudie warre well ended From this time behold the Pedigree of the Omales Owen Oneale Hugh mac Owen Art mac Hugh Neale Moore mac Art Hugh Mac Neale Moore Owen Mac Hugh Neale Moore offered to serue against traitor Hugh Foure sonnes Tirlogh Hugh Bryan and Henry liuing when Hugh Oneale rebelled Phileme Roc mac Art Henry Mac Phelime Roc. Turlogh Mac Henry of the Fuse Rebell with Hugh Fiue sonnes then liuing Henrie Mac Owen Oneale married the Daughter of Thomas Earle of Kildare a Giraldine Con More or Great married the Daughter of Gerald Earle of Kildare his Mothers Neece whose Father and himself waxing bold vpon the power of the Earles of Kildare tyrannised ouer the people and despised the titles of Earles Marquises Dukes or Princes in regard of that of Oneale Con Sirnamed Bacco or Lame succeeded Oneale who cursed his posterity if they should learne English fow Corne or build houses to inuite the English His power being suspected of Henrie the eight and the Kings power after the suppression of the Earles of Kildare being feared of him who had rebelled with the Earle he fayled into England and renouncing the name of Oneale and surrendring his Inheritance held by the Irish Law of Tanistry by which a man is preferred to a boy and the Vncle to that Nephew whose Grandfather ouer-liues the Father and commonly the most actiue Knaue not the next Heire is chosen had his land regraunted to him from the King vnder the great Scale of England as to his Vassall with title of Earle of Tyrone Thus in the three and thirty yeere of Henrie the eight an Act of Parliament was made in Ireland with consent of the three Estates of that Kingdome whereby the vsurpation of the title of Oneale was made capitall to this Family and King Henrie and his successors the former stile of Lords being changed were stiled Kings of Ireland and the Lawes of England were receiued to be of force in that Kingdome Phelime Hugh eldest sonne Turlogh Brasilogh Six sonnes at least then liuing and able to serue the Queene Shane or Iohn Oneale succeeding his Father by killing his Brother Matthew and vexing his Father to death was cruell and barbarous and tyrannically challenged the neighbour Lords to be his subiects as Mac Gennys Mac Guire Mac Mahown O Realy O Hanlon O Cahon Mac Brien O Hagan O Quin Mac Cartan Mac Donnell Galloglasse And when Henrie Sidney expostulated this being Lord Iustice in the absence of the Earle of Sussex Lord Deputy he offered to proue by writings that his Ancestors had this authoritie ouer them denying that his Father had any power to resigne his lands to the King which hee held onely for life by Tanistry Law without the consent of the people being to chuse Oneale that is the chiefe of the name Hee made warre against O Realy and imprisoned Collogh Mac Donnell But when Thomas Earle of Sussex L. Deputy led the English forces against him he by the counsel of the Earle of Kildare sailed into England and submitted himselfe to Q. Elizabeth and after for a while conformed himselfe to obedience and ciuilitie But when hee tirannised ouer the Irish Lords and they craued succour of Henrie Sidney Lord Deputy in the yeere 1565 he leading an Army against him seng Edward Randolph with seuen Companies of Foote and a Troope of Horse by Sea to Derry and Loughfoyle to assault the Rebell on the back Against whom the Rebell turning all his forces was so defeated as hee fled for succor to the Scots whose brother he had killed and they at first entertaining him wel after fell to words killed him in the yeere 1567. After in a Parliament at Dublin he was condemned of treason and his lands confiscated and a Law made that no
brother to the Lord Deputies wife and Robert Turnour Seriant Mastor of the Army and two foster brethren to Henry 〈◊〉 of Kildare who with his troope of Horse valiantly serued vpon the Rebell and tooke the death of his foster brethren so to heart after the education of the Irish as he shortly after died Many also were wounded among whom Thomas Walker was of chiefe name When the Lord Deputy first resolued to draw vp to Blackewater he sent directions to Sir Conyers Clifford to come vp with the Connaght forces by the way of Ballyshainnon and to meete him there which he in like sort attempted but being ouer matched by the Rebels lying in his way could not peirce so farre but was forced to retire and by that retreat wonne great reputation to himselfe and the men vnder him for hauing with him some sixe or seuen hundred foote onely of which part was of the old Britan Souldiers and being assayled by more then 2000. Rebels during thirty miles march he valiantly repelled them and safely retired to the garrison The Lord Deputy leaning the Fort at the Blacke-water well guarded to the charge of Captaine Thomas Williams withdrew the Forces towards the Pale Now the Rubels tossed betweene hope feare and shame resolued to besiege the Fort and Tyrone thought his reputation lost if he recouered it not and so with ioynt force they compassed and assay led the same Whereof the Lord Deputy being aduertised with all possible expedition gathered the forces to leade them to the reliefe of that fort and the Rebels hearing of his Lordships approach quitted the siege of the Fort and retired into their strengths Whereupon the Lord Deputy marched forward and hauing passed the Blackwater Fort and purposing to enter and passe the pace leading to Dungannon Tyrones chiefe House he fel suddenly sicke and being carried backe in his horse litter to Armagh and thence to the Newry died in the way to the great ioy of the Rebels deiected with his sharpe prosecution and bold aduentures and to the no lesse griefe of the English erected with hope of good successe Howsoeuer many of good iudgement held his purpose of passing to Dungannon very dangerous and altogether fruitlesse since no garrisons being planted to gaine ground no other issue could be hoped in the best euent then a bragge of courage in passing to Tyrones cheefe feate which no other Deputy had yet attempted And as they greatly commended the Lord Deputies valour in these actions so they feared the ingaging and losse of the Queenes Army by this or some like bold attempt After his death Sir Thomas Norreys Lord President of Mounster was vnder the great seale of Ireland prouisionally made Lord Iustice of the Kingdome as the customeis in such sudden changes who repaired to Dublin and there executed his place for one month as I thinke of September and no longer for he being sick cast down in minde by the great sorrow he had conceiued for the late death of his worthy brother made great suite to the Queene and the Lords in England to be eased of this burthen of being Lord Iustice and to haue leaue to retire himselfe to his gouernement of the Prouince of Mounster And so Adam Loftus Lord Chauncellor of Ireland and Lord Archbishop of Dublin and Robert Gardner chiefe Iustice of Ireland by letters out of England the thirteene of October were made Lords Iustices for the ciuell gouernement and the Earle of Ormond with title of Lord Liefetenant of the Army was authorized to command in cheefe for all martiall affayres Tyrone after his old custome flies vnto the Lord Lieftenant with protestations of loyalty and complaines of wrongs inforcing his disloiall courses which his Lordship aduertising into England receiued authority from thence to treat with Tyrone about his submission hauing Sir Geffery Fenton Secretary of Ireland ioyned with him for an assistant Hereupon ensued a meeting at Dundalke on the 22 of December where Tyrone made his most humble submission in writing acknowledging her Maiesties great mercie in giuing him and his Associates their pardons vpon former submissions and vpon the knees of his heart as he writes professed most heartie penitencie for his disloialtie and especially his foule relopses thereinto humbly befeeching the Lord Lieutenant to be a meanes to her sacred Maiestie for his pardon withall making knowne his grieuances which how soever they could not iustifie his offence yet might in some measure qualifie the 〈◊〉 thereof And till these might be booked to be sent ouer with his Submission most humbly crauing of his Lordship to grant a truce or cessation of Armes for eight weeks following And further to the end it might appeare that his submission proceeded from his heart promising that for the time of this cessation there should be no impediment giuen to her Maiesties Ministers bringing victuals to Blackwater Fort yea that for a poore token of his humblest duty hee would voluntarily giue to the hands of the Captaine fortie Beeues and suffer the souldiers to cut and fetch in wood or any other prouisions For his performance whereof hee offered presently to giue Pledges to his Lordship The same day hee subscribed the following articles propounded to him by the Lord Lieutenant First he promiseth for him and his associates faithfully to keepe her Maiesties Peace during the cessation Secondly that hee will presently recall all Vlster men sent by him into Lemster leauing those who should not obay his directions to the Lord Lieutenants discretion Thirdly it any during the Truce shall breake into Rebellion he promiseth not to aide them so as none depending on his Truce be in the meanetime taken in by the State without his consent Fourthly he agreeth to a generall Liberty of buying necessaries for his men in the Pale and for the Queenes subiects in Vlster and nothing to be forceably taken on either side Fiftly that vpon pretended wrongs no reuenge be taken but restitution be made within ten dayes after complaint Sixthly that during the Truce hee shall haue no intelligence with the King of Spaine or other forraine Prince but acquaint the State with any message hee shall receiue or proiect he shall heare Seuenthly that he shall presently draw a booke of his grieuances such as he can proue without mention of friuolous matters vnworthie her sacred Maiesties view Eightly that he will deliuer into the Fortforty Beeues and giue safe conduct to her Maiesties Ministers to vittaile the said Fort of Blackwater and suffer the souldiers to cut and fetch wood on the South-side of Armagh and for all other necessaries permit them to agree with the owners so as they come not of themselues into his Countrie but haue his men with them in company Ninthly that any prey being tracked into his Countrie he shall make restitution and deliuer the theeues to be executed and if any be stopped from following of his track the stopper shall answere the goods so tracked which course the Lord
eight d. per diem Per annum one hundred ninety nine thousand seuen hundred fifteene li. sixteene s. eight d. Pensioners in the Muster-booke per annum one thousand eight hundred nine li. fifteene s. ten d. Pensioners by letters Patents per annum eight hundred seuenty foure li. fiue s. nine pence ob Thirteene Almesmen per annum eightie eight li. nineteene s. foure d. ob Officers of the Musters which are payable out of the checkes namely one Muster-Master at sixe s. eight d. a Comptroller at ten s. and twenty Commissaries each at three s. foure d. per diem Per annum one thousand fiue hundred twenty li. sixteene s. eight d. Extraordinarie allowance for Messengers Espials Post-barkes rewards of seruices c. per annum sixe thousand li. Totall of this Establishment per annum two hundred fifty fiue thousand seuen hundred seuenty three li. fourteene d. qu. denny Memorandum that the dead paies allowed to the Captaines in each Company of horse or foote are herein contained but the charge of munition of leuying horse and foote for reinforcing the Army with many like charges are not herein contained The sixth of Aprill 1601 his Lordship receiued aduertisement from Captaine Io sias Badley at the Nowry that he and Captaine Edward Blony Gouernour of the Forte of Mount-Norreys purposing to surprise Loghrorcan could not carrie a boat which they had prouided to that purpose but he carrying certaine fireworkes prouided in case the boat should faile went to the Fort and ioyning with Captaine Blany marched towards that Iland where they arriued by eight of the clocke in the morning and leaning their forces behind a Wood they both went together to discouer the Iland which done Captaine Bodley made readie thirtie arrowes with wildfier and so they both fell downe with one hundred shot close to the water where the shot playing incessantly vpon the Iland while the other deliuered their arrowes suddenly the houses fired and burnt so vehemently as the rebels lodging there forsooke the Iland and swumme to the further shoare That after they 〈◊〉 burnt to the ground they fired a great house vpon their side of the shoare and killed there sixe Kerne gaining their Armes besides Churles and Calliachs and after the burning of other houses also they brought away some Cowes and Sheepe with other pillage and they vnderstood by a prisoner that there were about thirty persons in the Iland whereof onely eight swumme away of which foure were shot in the water so as the rest either were killed or lay hurt in the Iland Likewise they vnderstood by the said prisoner that great store of butter corne meale and powder was burnt and spoiled in the Iland which all the rebels of that Countrey made their magasine Further that some forty kerne skirmished with them at places of aduantage in their retreat for two miles march but howsoeuer the common opinion was that the Rebels sustained great losse by this seruice yet of the English onely two were slaine and seuen hurt The seuenth of Aprill Sir Henry Dockwra Gouernour of Loughfoyle wrote to his Lordship that he had taken the submission of Hugh Boy Boy of whose seruice to her Maiesty he was confident to make manifold good vses as well for the present setling Sir Iohn Odogherties Countrey after his late death as for reuealing the Rebels secret counsels wel knowne to him Among which he confidently anowed that the King of Spaine had promised to inuade Ireland this yeere with six thousand men to land at some Towne in Munster swearing that three of the chief Cities had promised to receiue them Adding that Florence Mac Carty had written to Odonnel that he had submitted to the Queene onely vpon necessity and that vpon the Spaniards comming hee would ioyne with them This Gouernour further aduertised that Phelim Oge chiefe of a contrary faction in Odogherties country desired to make his humble submission to the Queenes mercy vpon these conditions to leaue of the name of Odogherty and obey any man to whom her Maiesty should giue that Countrey To pay all debts his men did owe to any subiects To discharge his souldiers To returne to the owners twelue hundred Beeues hee had cut for Odonnell To make satisfaction for a Barke comming to the Liffer which his people had taken and spoiled And to yeeld vp to him the Gonernor all the cattle should be found in his Countrey belonging to Odonnell Adding that Sir Iohn Bolles in a iourney made vpon Ocane had killed fifty of his people had burned many houses and much corne And that the garrison of the Liffer had spoiled Tirconnel had slaine many had brought away two hundred Cowes and great booties The tenth of April Sir Oghy Ohanlon a northerne Lord submitted himselfe on his knees to her Maiesties mercy at Tredagh and signed certaine Articles for the performance whereof hee tooke his oath And because these Articles except there fell out some speciall reason to leaue out some of them and to adde others were the same to which all submitties at this time were tied I will once for all adde the briefe of them After his acknowledgement that Queene Elizabeth by the Grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland c. Is the true absolute and Soueraigne Lady of this realme of Ireland and of euery part of all the people therof with humble confession of his former disloyaltie and of his penitency and like profession that he had felt the waight of her Maiesties power This done further to the example of all other offenders he testified that hee made this his humble submission and protestation of his penitency his future loyalty and indeuour to redeeme his faults by his good seruices Then he acknowledged vnder his hand that now before the Lord Deputy and Counsell he taketh a corporall and religious oath for all and seuerall Articles following Namely That he will euer continue a loyall subiect That for performance thereof and of all the following Articles he will put in sufficient pledges That hee doth renounce all manner of obedience to any forraine power or Potentate depending only on the Queene his Soueraigne That hee renounceth all Rebels and will not aide them but serue against them when he is commanded That hee will to the vtter most of his power withstand and confound any disloyal subiect or forraine enemy attempting against the sacred person or estate of her Maiesty or the quietnes of her faithfull subiects more especially against the Arch-traytor Tyrone and the King of Spaine supporting him That hee will come to the State whensoeuer hee is commanded neither will vpon wrongs seeke to right himselfe but will seeke redresse by course of Law That he will reueale all conspiracies of treason which hee shall heare That he will sue out her Maiesties pardon within certaine dayes for him and his followers and answer for their good behauiour That hee will booke these followers within certaine dayes That he will suffer all
may receiue our further directions And for so doing this shall be your sufficient warrant Giuen at Tredagh the foure and twenty of March 1602. To Our trusly and well beloued Sir William Godolphin and Sir Garret More Knights VVhen I had written this Commission his Lordship commanded me to write this following protection Mountioy WHereas vpon the humble suite and submission of Hugh Earle of Tyrone and his penitent contrition for his former offences by many messages and letters signified vnto Vs We haue thought good to receiue into her Maiesties most gracious protection his owne person and such as shall come in his Company with safety to him and them and the rest of his followers whatsoeuer dwelling in the County of Tyrone or now abiding with him aswell in their bodies as goods for and during the space of three weekes to the end hee might repaire vnto vs to let vs more fully vnderstand his humble petitions These are straightly to charge and command all and euery her Maiesties Officers Ministers and Subiects to permit and suffer him and them peaceably to enioy the benefit thereof without any restraint molestation or hostile act against him or his in their bodies or goods during the time aboue limitted So as in the meane time hec and they continue of good and dutifull behauiour towards her Maiesty and this State Giuen at Tredagh the foure and twentieth of March 1602. To all Commanders of horse and foot and to all other her Maiesties Officers and Subiects to whom it may appertaine Likewise his Lordship commanded me to write seuerall letters to the Gouernours of Garrisons requiring them to giue Tyrone and his followers full benefit of this Protection And these writings being all signed by the Lord Deputy were deliuered to Sir William Godolphin with charge that when Tyrone was in his Company and on the way to come to his Lordship then and not before hee should deliuer him the Protection and likewise the letters to bee sent to the seuerall Garrisons by his owne messengers These Commissioners on the six and twentieth of March sent one Bathe from Armagh to Tyrone to prepare the way of their meeting The seuen and twentieth both the Commissioners came to Charlemont where Sir William Godolphin staied for his troope of horse but Sir Garret Moore rode that night to Tullough-oge where he spake with Tyrone The eight and twentieth Sir Garret Moore wrote to Sir William that Tyrone was fully resolued to obey the Lord Deputies commandements and would meet him the next morning at nine of the clocke to ride forward in his company to the Lord Deputy And Henry Hagan who brought this letter gaue Sir William confident assurance of Tyrones performance The same eight twentieth day the L. Deputy being at Mellifant and there hauing the foresaid notice of the Queenes death and considering that this rumor was no good ground for a new treatie with Tyrone yet breaking out were it true or false might cause new combustions in Ireland most apt to relapse into new tumults as appeared by the ensuing mutiny of the very Citties and corporate Townes as also that if it were true then he had no power from the succeding King to receiue Tyrone to mercy yea that in case it should prooue false then such treatie with the Arch-traytor in any other then Queene Elizabeths name might proue very dangerous to him For these reasons he resolued speedily to strike vp the former treatie with Tyrone and so presently dispatched a horseman to Sir William Godolphin to aduertise him thereof and to require him to hasten Tyrones comming by remembrance to him that his former delayes in Treaties had much incensed the Queene and by threatning him that if he made the least delay of his submission his power to doe him good might be easily restrained and then he should expect nothing from him but a sharpe prosecution to his vtter ruine Sir William hauing receiued these his Lordships and Sir Garrets foresaid letters thought it no time to stand nicely vpon termes of equality which might argue his distrust of Tyrone and awaken in him his old iealousies of our meaning to him and therefore leauing order that his troope should follow him did ride from Charlemont and met Tyrone on the nine and twentieth of March at nine of the clocke in the morning at Toker a place lying fiue miles beyond Dungannon where shewing him the Lord Deputies protection he most humbly and thankfully accepted thereof and so committed himselfe to the Commissioners to ride in their company to the Lord Deputy By the way they deliuered his Protection to his owne hands and likewise the letters which he was to send to the seuerall Gouernours by his owne messengers On the thirtieth of March 1603. they came al together to Mellifant in the afternoon where Tyrone being admitted to the Lord Deputies chamber kneeled at the doore humbly on his knees for a long space making his penitent submission to her Maiesty and after being required to come neerer to the Lord Deputie performed the same ceremony in all humblenesse the space of one houre or there abouts The next day hee also made a most humble submission in writing signed with his owne hand in manner and forme following as appeares vpon record I Hugh Oneale by the Queene of England France and Ireland her most gracious fauour created Earle of Tyrone doe with all true and humble penitency prostrate my selfe at her royall feet and absolutely submit my selfe vnto her mercy most sorrowfully imploring her gracious commiseration and appealing onely to her Princely clemency without presuming to iustifie my vnloyall proceedings against her sacred Maiesty Onely most sorrowfully and carnestly desiring that it may please her Maiesty rather in some measure to mittigate her iust indignation against me in that I doe religiously vow that the first motiues of my vnnaturall rebellion were neither practise malice nor ambition but that I was induced first by feare of my life which I conceiued was sought by my Enemies practise to stand vpon my gard and after most vnhappily led to make good that fault with more hainous offences the which in themselues I doe acknowledge deserue no forgiuenesse and that it is impossible for me in respect of their greatnesse in any proportion euen with my life to make satisfaction I doe most humbly desire her Maiesty to pardon them that as I haue beene already a sufficient argument of her Royall power hauing little left but my life to preserue it selfe so that it may now please her Maiesty to make me an example of her Princely clemency the chiefest ornament of her high dignity And that I may be the better able hereafter with the vttermost seruice of my life to redeeme the foulenes of my faults I doe most humbly sue vnto her Maiesty that shee will vouchsafe to restore me to my former dignity and liuing in which estate of a subiect I doe religiously vow to continue for euer hereafter loyall in all
true obedience to her royall person crown prerogatiue and lawes and to be in all things as farre and as dutifully conformable thereunto as I or any other Nobleman of this Realme is bound by the duty of a subiect to his Soueraigne or by the Lawes of this Realme vtterly renouncing and abiuting the name and title of O Neale or any other authoritie or claime which hath not beene granted or confirmed vnto mee by her Maiesty and that otherwise by the Lawes of this Realme I may not pretend inst interest vnto and I doe religiously sweare to performe so much as is aboue mentioned and the rest of these Articles subscribed by my owne hand as farre as shall any way lie in my power and to deliuer such pledges for the performance thereof as shall be nominated vnto me by the Lord Deputy I doe renounce and abiure all forraigne power whatsoeuer and all kind of dependancy vpon any other Potentate but her Maiesty the Queene of England France and Ireland and doe vow to serue her faithfully against any forraigne power inuading her Kingdomes and to discouer truely any practises that I doe or shall know against her roiall person or Crownes and namely and especially I doe abiure and renounce all manner of dependancy vpon the King or Estate of Spaine or treaty with him or any of his confederates and shall be ready with the vttermost of my ability to serue her Maiesty against him or any of his forces or confederates I doe absolutely renounce all challenge or intermedling with the Vriaghts or softering with them or other neighbour Lords or Gentlemen out of my Countrey or exacting any blacke rents of any Vriaghts or bordering Lords I doe resigne all claime and title to any lands but such as shall be now granted vnto me by her Maiesties Letters Pattents Lastly as the onely being a Subiect doth include all the duties of a Subiect so will I be content to be informed and aduised by her Magistrates here and will be conformable and assisting vnto them in any thing that may tend to the aduancement of her seruice and the peaceable gouernement of this Kingdome as namely for the abolishing of all barbarous customes contrary to the lawes being the seeds of all inciuility and for the cleering of difficult passages and places which are the nurseries of rebellion wherein I will employ the labours of the people of my Countrey in such sort and in such places as I shall be directed by her Maiesty or the Lord Deputy and Counsell in her name and will endeuour for my selfe and the people of my Countrey to erect ciuill habitations and such as shall bee of greater effect to preserue vs against theeues and any force but the power of the State by the which we must rest assured to be preserued as long as we continue in our duties This submission was presented by the Earle of Tyrone kneeling on his knees before the Lord Deputy and Counsell and in the presence of a great assembly At the same time the Earle promised to write vnto the King of Spaine for the recalling of his sonne from thence into Ireland and to doe the same at such time and in such words as the Lord Deputy should direct Likewise he vowed to discouer how farré he had proceeded with the King of Spaine or any other forraigne or domesticall enemies for past or future helpes and combinations Then the Lord Deputy in the Queenes name promised to the Earle for himselfe and his followers her Maiesties gratious pardon and to himselfe the restoring of his dignity of the Earledome of Tyrone and of his bloud and likewise new letters Pattents for all his lands which in his former letters had been granted to him before his rebellion excepting onely the Country possessed by Henrie Oge Oneale and the Fues possessed by Turlogh Mac Henrie to both which at their submission the Lord Deputie had formerly promised that they should hold the same immediately from the Queene to which ende this exemption and reseruation was now made of these Countries and the disposing of them left to her Maiesties power And likewise excepting and reseruing three hundred acres of land to bee laid to the Fort of Mountioy and three hundred more to the Fort of Charlemont during her Maiesties pleasure to hold any Garrisons in the said Forts To these exemptions of Henrie Oge and Turlogh Mac Henrie their Countries and themselues from the Earles right or power he gaue his full consent as likewise to the reseruation of the lands laid to the said Forts He promised to reduce his Countrie to pay her Maiestie like composition as Connaght now did and for long time had paied and to answere rising out of souldiers and all charges for aduancing her Maiesties seruice The third of Aprill the Lord Deputy hauing the Earle of Tyrone in his companie rode to Tredagh and from thence vpon the fourth day to Dublyn The next day an English ship arriued in that Hauen in which came Sir Henrie Dauers who brought with him letters from the Lords in England aduertising the Queens death and that Iames the first was proclaimed King of England Scotland France and Ireland the coppy of which Proclamation they sent to the end it should here be published in like sort Also in the same ship came one Master Liegh kinsman to the Lord Deputy who brought his Lordship a fauourable letter from the King out of Scotland This Master Liegh his Lordship presently graced with the honour of Knighthood And concerning the gentleman formerly spoken of whose seruant brought the first newes of the Queenes death I was not deceiued in the honour I did ominate to him as I haue formerly written for after he had followed my aduice in the manner of his imparting that important newes to the Lord Deputy his Lordship conceiued so good an opinion of him for his discretion and for the particular affection hee had expressed towards him by the tender of his seruice in following his fortune this doubtfull time as his Lordship did not onely by the way from Meltfant to Dublyn extraordinarily grace him and often call him not without some admiration of the better sort of his traine to ride by his side talking familiarly with him but now vpon his arriuall to Dublyn vpon this occasion of honouring his cozen Leigh did also knight him In the meane time according to the Lord Deputies commandement the Counsellers of the State the Noblemen Knights and chiefe Commanders of the Army then being at Dublyn assembled together in the Castle to whom his Lordship made knowne the Queenes death and the Kings Proclamation which he first then all in course signed and presently taking Horse with ioyfull acclamations published the same through the chiefe streets of Dublyn I cannot omit to mention that the Earle of Tyrone vpon the first hearing the Lord Deputies relation of the Queenes death could not containe himselfe from shedding of teares in such quantity as it could not well
suddenly expose himselfe to cold and that when he is extremely cold hee likewise warme himselfe by little and little not suddenly at a great fier or in a hot stoue and that after dinner he rest a while Touching sleepe breeding by excesse raw humours and watching that dries the body they are happy who keepe the meane and they are the Phisitians friends who delight in extremes and to their counsell I commend them In the last place touching accidents or motions of the minde I will onely say that mirth is a great preseruer of health and sadnesse a very plague thereunto The bodie followes the temper of the mind as the temper of the mind followes that of the body My selfe haue been twice sicke to death in forraigne parts 〈◊〉 when I lost my dearest Brother Henry in Asia whose death I must euer lament with the same passion as Dauid did that of Absolon who wished to redeeme his life with his owne death and surely I freely professe his life had been more profitable then mine both to our friends and to the Common-wealth The second time I was sicke to death at home in England vpon a lesse iust but like cause namely griefe Thus being at the gates of death twice for griefe I found the Poet to say most truly that care maketh gray headed and Seneca no lesse truly that he who hath escaped Stix and the infernall Haggs to him in care hee will shew Hell it selfe To speake something of preseruing health by Sea He that would not vomit at all let him some dayes before he take ship and after at Sea diminish his accustomed meat and especially drinke and let him take the following remedies against ill smelles and weakenesse of stomack Some aduise that he should drinke Sea water mingled with his Wine and some more sparing that he drinke Sea water alone which dries cold humours and shuts the Orifice of the belly and stomack But I thinke they doe ill who altogether restraine vomiting for no doubt that working of the Sea is very healthfull Therefore I would rather aduise him to vse him accustomed diet till he haue sailed one day or two into the Maine or till he feele his body weake and thinkes it enough purged then let him take meates agreeable to the Sea in small proportion as powdred Beefe Neates-tongues dried and like salt meates and after eating let him seale his stomake with Marmalate Let him often eate Pomegranates Quinces Corianders prepared and such meates as are sharpe and comfort the stomake and let him drinke strong Wines and sometimes hot Waters but sparingly and let him dip a piece of bisket in his Wine And to restraine the extremity of vomiting till he be somewhat vsed to the Sea let him forbeare to looke vpon the waues of the Sea or much to lift vp his head To auoid the ill smelles of the ship hee may in Summer carry red Roses or the dried leaues thereof Lemmons Oranges and like things of good odour and in Winter hee may carry the roote or leaues of Angelica Cloues Rosemary and the foresaid Lemmons Oranges and Rose leaues To conclude if there bee no Phisitian in the ship let him that is sickly take counsell of the Phisitian at home for the remedies of that weakenesse to which himselfe is most subiect and of diseases most proper to Seamen especially if he take any long voiage 19 To teach the Traueller how to behaue himselfe in forraigne parts is a large and intricate precept whereof I will handle many branches in this and the next following Precepts It is an old saying Cum fueris Romae Romano viuito more Cum fueris alibi viuito more loci Being at Rome the Roman manners vse And otherwhere each places custome chuse Surely a Traueller must liue after other mens fashion not his owne alwaies auoiding extremities by discretion according to the Italian Prouerb Paese doue vai vsa comme truoui The Country where thou goest Vse thou as doe the most Now in this so great varietie of fashions in all Nations it seemes vnpossible to giue any set rules since the French say well Tant de payis tant'de guises As many Nations So many fashions And since no man is able to number these diuers euents first I aduise the Traueller in generall to be so wary as he aduenture not to doe any new thing till the example of others giue him confidence Let him reproue nothing in another mans house much lesse in a strange Common wealth in which kind it is not amisse to seeme dumb or tongue-tied so he diligently imploy his eyes and eares to obserue al profitable things Let him be curteous euen somewhat to wards the vice of curtesie to his Host the children and his fellow soiourners in the house I doe not aduise him to imitate them who will put off their hat to a very Dog for in all actions basenesse must bee shunned and decency embraced but it is veniall somewhat to offend in the better part applying our selues to the diuers natures of men If hee shall apply himselfe to their manners tongue apparrell and diet with whom he liues hee shall catch their loues as it were with a fish-hooke For diet he needes lesse care but for apparrell he must sit it to their liking for it is a good precept aswell at home as abroad to eate according to our owne appetite but to bee apparrelled to other mens liking I haue obserued the Germans and French in Italy to liue and conuerse most with their owne Countrimen disdaining to apply themselues to the Italians language apparrell and diet and the English aboue all others to subiect themselues to the Lawes customes language and apparrell of other Nations And hence it is that the conuersation of the English abroad is wonderfullie pleasing vnto strangers Onely because they are forced to dissemble their Countrie among Papists I haue found by experience that other Nations whose habit and name they take haue reaped the commendation of this their vertue and it is certaine that the Germanes whom the English do often personate haue thereupon beene often praysed in forraigne parts for their temperance and other vertues lesse proper to them In the meane time the English who are thus pleasing for this vertue while they dissemble their Countrie are by other accidents lesse agreeable to the liking of strangers in diuers places when they confesse what Countrie-men they are as in Italy for the difference of Religion in the Low-Countries for that many of them haue gone away in their debts in France and Scotland for the old hatred of both Nations and in the Hans or sea-bordering Cities for the many iniuries they pretend to haue receiued from English men of warre at Sea Perhaps seuere and froward censors may iudge it an apish vice thus to imitate other nations but in my opinion this obsequiousnes of conuersation making vs become all things to all men deserues the opinion of a wise man and one that is not subiect
gallowes with a condemned man that he might beware by that example And I haue seene others for stealing vnder the said value put in a basket and thrise ducked in the riuer for a warning vpon the first fault And I haue often heard them tax our English Iustice for hanging those that steale aboue the value of thirten pence halfe-peny which will hardly buy a rope By the Ciuill Law he that findes any thing and for gaine keeps it is guilty of theft for he ought to make it publikely knowne and to restore it being owned or other wise if he be poor to keep it if he be rich to distribute it among the pore By the Law of Saxony it is a theeuish thing not to make publikely knowne any thing that is found but hee that so doth shall not suffer death or any corporall punishment because he did not of purpose take it away but if he that lost it doe cry it in the Church or market-place then if it be more then the value of fiue shillings hee is thought worthy to be beaten with rods or to indure such arbitrary punishment according to the value of the thing found By the Ciuill Law hee that cuts downe trees secretly shall pay the double value but by the Law of Saxony the mulct is according to the value By the Ciuil Law they that steale the necessaries belonging to husbandry shall restore foure fold and also incurre infamy But one Law of Saxony condemnes them to haue their bones broken with wheeles and another Law makes the punishment arbitrary The Ciuill Law confiscates goods for which custome is not payd but the Law of Saxony imposeth Fyne aswell vpon those which pay not customes and duties as vpon those that passe not the beaten way where they are paied but go some by way to defraud the Prince By the Ciuill Law sacrilegious persons are beheaded but by the Law of Saxony their bones are broken vpon the wheele and markes are set vp according to the number of their offences in that kynd By the Ciuill Law no offender may be burnt in the forehead because the face may not be dissigured as created to the similitude of God but in Saxony those whch are beaten with rods or banished are also many times marked by being burnt in the hand or by cutting off their eares or by pulling out their eyes or by being burnt in the cheekes so as the haire may not couer the marke but it may be manifest to strangers in forraine parts Yet the interpreters of that Law thinke at this day that offenders can not be so punished by that Law and that a theefe ought not so to be marked By the ciuil Law witches doing any act wherupon a man dies are to be beheaded but by the Law of Saxony they are to be burnt Yet by a late Statute of the Elector they are sometimes beheaded for you must vnderstand that in all places the Prouinciall Law is daily increased by new Statutes of Princes And by the Law of Saxony a witch hauing done no hurt by that art is punished arbitrarily And the Germans credibly report that there be many witches in the Countries lying vpon the Baltick sea and especialy vpon the Northen side therof as in Lapland being part of the kingdome of Suetia and that in those places they haue generall meetings and Colledges of witches who wil tell any man what his frends do at anytime in the remorest parts one of them falling downe as in extasie and when he comes to himselfe relating the particulars thereof and that they ordinarily sell windes to the Marriners to carry them out of the hauen to the maine sea In Germany those that set houses on fier either hired thereunto or of there ownemalice and also witches vse to bee burnt or if their crime be hainous vse to be put to death with a 〈◊〉 iron on spit thrust into their hinder partes Coines of counterfeit mony are by the Law to dye in boiling lead By the Ciuil Law the goods of a banished man may be seased to repaire any losse but it is not lawfull for any man to kill him neither is he infamous But by the Law of Saxony he that is banished by the Empire may be killed because he broke the peace and after a yeers banishment he is infamous alwaies vnderstanding that he is lawfully banished By the Ciuill Law a traitor to his country is to be burned to death but by the Law of Saxony his bones are brokn vpon the wheele and by custome many torments are in some crimes added to this punishment By the Ciuill Law he that steales a virgin widow or Nunne and all that helpe him in that rape are beheaded but by the Law of Saxony besides the beheading of the offenders the places are to be laid waste where the force was offred and the beasts to be killed that helped to doe the force as the horses which carried them away yet this is not obserued but in practise only he is put to death that offered the force Of old the women of Germany were wont to purge themselues from suspition of adultery by the combat of champions or by treading on shares of hot burning iron with their naked feet with out taking any harme and this purgation should still be obserued neither is it abrogated in Saxony but only is vanished by difusing And the Germans haue not only of old been seuere punishers of breaches in wedlocke so as it was lawfull for the husband to expell his adulterous wife out of his house before all his neighbours with her body naked and her haire shorne and so to beat her with rods through the streets but also euen to this day the chastity of wiues through the seuerity of the Law against the incontinent is no where so preserued as in Germany If a married person lie with one that is vnmarried aswell on the man as the womans side the maried party is put to death and the vnmarried is punished by the purse and with ignominy and if both parties be married boh die And our age hath seene two notable examples of this Iustice in Germany one of a Duchesse who by authority of her husband and of her owne brother was for this crime forced to drinke poison secretly for preseruing of all their honours The other of another Duchesse who was bricked vp in a most narrow roome hauing an hole in the wall by which she receiued her meat to prolong her miserable life while her husband had another wife and liued with her in the same Castle in which she thus languished In most places of Germany this sinne is punished no lesse then with death yet in some places and vpon some circumstances as of a man hauing an old and barren wife the delinquent sometimes escapes with a mulct of mony and otherwhere the iudgment is drawne out with delaies of the suit to spare the parties without manifest breaches of the Law In Bohemia adultery is also punished
the Husband hath no right either to alienate or to administer them as those goods which shee brings to her Husband aboue her dowry and neuer giues them to him but by the Law of Saxony the Man and Wife haue all goods in common so as all are said to be the Husbands and the Wife can call nothing her owne and the Husband hath the vse of all without exception euen while they liue together for the burthens he beares yet he hath not the property of these goods onely they both possesse them vndeuided so long as they liue together The Husband at marriage takes his wife and all her goods into his tuition but this tuition is onely vnderstood for the vse which ends when the wife dies but the wife hath not like vse in her husbands goods And the husband in administring the goods of his wife must deale honestly and neither sell nor ingage them because he is onely her Tutor By the Ciuill Law the wife hath power without the presence or consent of her husband to giue or alinate her moueable or vnmoueable goods onely during the marriage shee cannot giue away her dowry to the preiudice of her husband without his consent but by the Law of Saxony the wife cannot giue her vnmoueable goods nor sell or alienate any goods without her husbands consent because shee is vnder his power as her Tutor Yea the wife cannot giue her goods to her husband because hee being her Tutor cannot bee actor to his owne profit but if before the Magistrate shee chuse another Tutor by whose authority the gift is made then it is of force For in all cases in which a gift betweene man and wife is of force by the Ciuill Law in the same cases at this day by custome it is of force among the Saxons so as the former manner be obserued But all these things of the Wiues gift to her Husband and of alienating her goods by contract which shee cannot make without the consent of the Husband her Tuter are not vnderstood of the alienation by her last Will and Testament For by the Law of Saxony it is controuerted whether the wife may giue a gift to her husband at her death without the authority of the foresaid Tutor chosen by her and if it be giuen without the same whether after the death of the wife according to the Ciuill Law this gift be confirmed And some interpreters say that the same authority of a chosen Tutor and the same solemnity is required as in a gift betweene the liuing others determine that the gift at death without a Tutor is of force so it be made before the Iudge because it is not a simple giuing but participates some thing of the last Will and Testament and for that cause fiue witnesses are required to it or that it be registred which done the gift is of force because fauour is to be giuen to the last Testament which must not be captious but free Also because he that is of ripe age but in minority though hee cannot giue or contract without the authority of his Tutor yet hee may giue for death And so it is concluded that in doubtfull cases the gift must be fauoured that it may subsist rather then be made voyd Lastly the Law of Saxony in this consents with the Ciuill Law that a wife may make a Will and for death giue her vnmouable goods to any other but her husband without the consent of the husband her Tutor But by the Statute of the Elector the gift of vtensile goods made to the husband in preiudice of her next kinswoman is of so little force as with death it is not confirmed except it be remuneratory Yet among the liuing this gift of stuffe as some restraine it so it be not to the husband is of force if it be made before a Notary and with witnesses By the Ciuill Law the husband may not haue the care of his wiues goods lest she vpon affection shuld remit his ill administration so shuld be in danger to loose the goods of her dowry but by the Law of Saxony presently vpon mariage the husband is lawful Tutor to his wife By the ciuil law the dowry of the wife giuen by her father vpon the death of the wife returnes to the father except it be couenanted to the cōtrary in the contract of the dowry but by the law of Saxony the husband vpon his wiues death gaines all moueable goods and so much of the dowry as was in ready mony except it be expressely couenanted to the contrary in the contract of the dowry and all the goods of the wife aboue that shee brought in dowry fall to the husband nothing excepted but onely the vtensile goods yet this Law is not extended to the perpetuall and yeerely rents of the wife which are reputed vnmoueable goods By the Ciuill Law if either the man or the wife marry the second time the party may in no case giue more to the second husband or wife then to the children of the first marriage but among the Saxons this Law is abolished by contrary custome so as not onely the Step mothers vse to haue much more of the husbands goods then the children of the first marriage but on the other side also the second husbands vpon the death of the second wife being to haue all her moueable goods excepting the vtensiles commonly gaine more then her children of her first marriage By the Ciuill Law a Widdow retaines the dwelling house honour and dignity of her Husband deceased till shee marry to another and by the Law of Saxony the dead Husband leaues his widdow the right of his Family and blood and custome so interprets this Law as all priuiledges and dignities are thereby granted as by the Ciuil law Widows Virgins by the Law of Saxony if they be of such age as they haue no Tutors may giue or alienate their goods which a wife cannot do being vnder the Tutorage of her husband yet the interpreters restraine this to mouable goods being otherwise in vnmouable goods but by last wil testament they may dispose of both By the Ciuill Law if there bee no Letters of Dowry or Iointure the Husband dying the Wife must haue the fourth part of his goods but in some parts of Saxony the custome is that the Wife being a Widdow shal haue the third part of her Husbands goods as it is in all Misen but in other parts as in Thuring the Ciuill Law is obserued and shee hath the fourth part if the Husband leaue but 3 or foure children but if he haue more then the widdow hath onely an equall part with each of them But in Misen the wife hath not the vtensile goods which vse nor to bee giuen to women hauing a third part And moreouer the widdow is tied not onely to leaue her owne goods but her part of goods gotten in marriage by her husband and whatsoeuer her friends gaue to her in the life
inheritance of George against the Palatine who had married the daughter of George and was by his last Will made his heire He died 1508. Albert the 5 built 3 Colledges for the Iesuites He married Anna daughter to the Emperor Ferdinand and died in the yeere 1579. William borne 1548 married Rinata Daughter to Francis Duke of Lorayne in the yeere 1568. Maximilian D. of Bauaria Phillip Bishop of Ratisbona Ferdinand a Praepositus of Colen and Channon of Trier One Sister Maximiliana Ferdinand borne in the yeere 1550. Ernestus Bishop of Liege after Archbishop and Elector of Colon borne in the yere 1554. Maria Maximilian borne 1552. Maria borne 1553 and maried to Charles Arch-Duke of Austria 1572. William made warre against the Duke of Wirteberg and died in the yeere 1577. Sibill married to Lodwick the fourth Elector Palatine died in the yeere 1511. Sabina married to Vlrich Duke of Wirteberg died in the yeere 1564. Sidonia married to Philibert Marquis of Baden William Count of Holland by right of his wife Of him descended the Counts of Holland From this Lodwick discend the Dukes of Bauaria It was couenanted and stands agreed betweene the House of the Electors Pallatines and the house of the Dukes of Bauaria that vpon want of heires males one of them should succeede the other and when the Daughter to the Duke of Bauaria in the time of the Emperour Maximilian opposed her selfe to this contract she was forced to yeeld to it by the Emperour I returne to the Electors Palatines The foresaid Frederick the fourth Pallatine and Elector being vnder age had Duke Iohn Casimire his fathers brother for his Tutor who at his brothers death besieged the Citie of Colen in the name of the Bishop whom they had driuen out for being married This Casimire in his brothers life-time had a noble inheritance beyond the Rheine to him and his heires and then hearing of his brothers death hasted to Heidleberg where he brought the people to obedience who would not haue him Administrator because he professed the Reformed Religion after Caluins doctrine not after that of Luther And he presently sent backe the Emperours Ambassadours who were come thither about that controuersie refusing to yeeld his right in the Tutorage of his Nephew which he defended in the Imperiall Chamber at Spire After he brought vp his Nephew wisely and religiously appointing him his diet apart with his Teachers and the Steward of his Court to whose table one Professour of the Vniuersity was daily inuited who had charge to propound a question to the Prince out of the Histories and controuersies of Religion And the Prince did not presently make answere except it were in a common subiect but asked time to consider of it and consulting apart with his Teachers after some halfe houer returned to giue his answere Thus by daily practise the chiefe accidents of Histories and controuersies of Religion were made familiar to him The Citie Heidelberg somtimes held in Fee frō the Bishop of Wormz was in time beutified with buildings and an Vniuersity and became the seate of the Electors The said Elector Frederike the fourth being a pupill was after the foresaid manner brought vp in the Reformed religion according to the doctrine of Caluine but in the meane time Richard the Duke of Hunnesruck his next heire if hee should die without issue male did obstinately follow the reformed doctrine of Luther and so did the rest of his kinsmen the Dukes of Zweybruck their towne being so called of the two Bridges excepting the second brother of them who consented in Religion with the Elector This Elector Frederick the fourth married the daughter to the Prince of Orange by his wife of the French family de Chastillion His Court was not great nor any way comparable to that of the Elector of Sexony For he had scarce thirtie Gentlemen to attend him and to them he gaue no more then some twenty fiue Guldens for stipend which they spent vpon their seruants that attended them and kept their horses And he had no more then eight Yeomen for the Guard of his body Wine was sparingly drawne and all expences made with great frugalitie But the fame of this Electors wisedome and affabilitie made him much esteemed of strangers and while he conuersed with his Citizens often comming to the publike place for exercise of the Peece and Crosse-bow and being easie of accesse yet carried himselfe like a graue and noble Prince hee became deare to his subiects Of whom hee exacted moderate tribute for their lands houses money and goods and some two small fennings for each Mosse or measure of wine In fiue places vpon the Rheine he exacted impositions or taxes which one yeere with another yeelded some twelue or sixteene thousand French Crownes and they said that hee receiued yeerely some fifty or sixty thousand Crownes by the siluer Mines of Anneberg besides extraordinarie subsidies which his subiects vse to grant him vpon occasion of war or like necessities of the Commonwealth And I remember when the Citizens of Strasburg his neighbours made warre with the brother of the Duke of Loraine about their Bishopricke so as the Palatine was forced to leuy souldiers for defence of his people from the rapine of both Armies that he imposed an extraordinary subsidie vpon his subiects of a quarter of a Doller for each hundred Dollers any man possessed in moueable or vnmoueable goods The Margraue or Marquis of Brandeburg is by the first institution the last of the Electors but more powerfull then any of them in the number of Vassals and his territories are much larger then those of the Elector of Saxony but his reuenewes are nothing so great He held his Court at Berlin some twelue German miles distant from Wittenberg in Saxony His pedigree is deriued from Peter Columna a Roman Patritian of the ancient blood of the Camills who banished by Pope Gregorie the seuenth had lands giuen him in Sueuia by the Emperour Henrie the fourth and built the castle of Zagaroll and about the yeere 1120 had a sonne called Burchard Burchard Count of Zoller his Castle so called Frederick the first race of the Burgraues of Nurnberg being extinct was inuested 1273 of that dignity by the Emperour Rodulphus whose sister was mother to Frederick Frederick the second Burgraue of Nurnberg died in the yeere 1330. Frederick Burgraue of Nurnberg had the Marquisate of Brandeburg conferred on him by the Emperor Sigismund and also the Electorship in the yeere 1427 and hee sold the Castle and Burgraueship of Nurnberg to the City of Nurnberg Hee died in the yeere 1440. Iohn Marquis of Brandeburg at his fathers commandement yeelded the Electorship to his second brother and died in the yeere 1464. Frederick Marquisse and Elector going into Palestine did yeeld the Electorship to his brother Albert and died in the yeere 1470. Albert Marquisse and Elector called the Achilles of Germany ouercame the Citizens of Nurnberg in eight battels and in the
Marpurg and died in the yeere 1567. The said Phillip married the Daughter to the Duke of Meckelburg and by her had the following issue William borne 1532 held his court at Cassiles hauing half the inheritance He deliuered his father out of prison and married Sabina daughter to the D. of Wirteberg and died not long before I passed through Germany Mauritius a most Noble young Prince Langraue of Cassiles vpon his Fathers late death Anna Maria married to Lodwick Count of Nassawe 1589. Heduigis then a Virgin Sophia then a Virgin Lodwick borne 1537 held his court at Marpurg had a fourth part of his fathers inheritance He first married Heduige daughter to the D. of Wirteberg after Mary of Mansfield both barren And at this time he liued but without any child Agnes married to Mauritius Elector of Saxony 1541 and after to Iohn Frederick D. of Saxonie George borne 1547 held his court at Dormstat and had a fourth part of his fathers inheritance and maried Magdelen daughter to Bernard Count of Lipp she was dead but he thē liued Lodwick oldest his Father yet liuing Phillip Iohn George Two Sisters Christian and Elizabeth Anna maried to the Duke of Zweybruck died 1581. Barbara married to George Earle of Mompelgard Elizabeth married to Lodwick the fourth Elector Palatine Christina maried to Adolphus of the roial bloud of Denmarke His Sister Elizabeth was married to Iohn Duke of Saxonie The foresaid William Langraue of Hessen of his chiefe City called the Langraue of Cassiles had in diuision with his brethren halfe his Fathers inheritance the other halfe being diuided betweene his two brothers And since that time I heard that his brother Lodwick of Marpurg was dead without issue and that his fourth part of this inheritance was returned to Mauritius eldest sonne to William Yet because Mauritius was addicted to the reformed Religion after the doctrine of Caluin which hee and his Courtiers with many subiects professed how soeuer hee had not yet made any generall alteration whereas his Vncle Lodwick persisted in the doctrine of Luther I remember the common speech in the land of Hessen that Lodwick had threatned his Nephew Mauritius to disinherit him and giue his lands to the children of his brother George of Dormstatt if he made any generall alteration in Religion I haue formerly said that the dignity of the Empire decaying many Principalities were giuen in Fee and the Lords thereof became absolute Princes At that time many great Cities were immediately subiect to the Empire whereof many were at sundrie times after ingaged for money to the said Princes At last the power of the Empire being more fallen by many Ciuill warres raised by the Popes to confirme their vsurped power ouer the Emperours these Cities with money bought their liberty partly of the Emperours partly of the said Princes from which time these Cities being called Imperiall and hauing freedome with absolute power became daily more and more beautified with buildings and strong by fortifications yet some Cities still subiect to diuers Princes yeeld not to them in beauty and strength as Dresden and Leipzig subiect to the Elector of Saxony Monach and Ingolstat subiect to the Duke of Bauaria and Breslaw the chiefe Citie of Silesia a Prouince ioyned to the Kingdome of Bohemia The Emperour at his election sweares that hee will maintaine these Cities in their freedome and not suffer them to be drawne backe to the subiection of the Empire or the said Princes Also I haue formerly spoken of the many and iust suspitions betweene the Emperour the Princes and these Free Cities which it were needlesse to repeate Of old the great Cities of the Empire were ninety sixe in number but many of them haue since been alienated to the Princes of Netherland or vnited by League to the Cantons of Sweitzerland so at this day there remaine only sixty Free Cities of the Empire Of the Common-wealths of these Cities it shall suffice in generall to haue said that the Gouernement is very moderate and equall The Patritians liue vpon their reuenues as Gentlemen The Plebeans intend Traffique and Shop-keeping and bee they neuer so rich neuer so wise can neuer become Patritians but still keepe their owne rancke as all other Orders doe And the Artisans so they keepe the Lawes which bind the highest as well as them are secure from the iniuries of any greater man In ciuill causes they iudge not after strict Law but according to equity and without delay but more easily to coniecture of all in generall It will not be amisse particularly to obserue the gouernement of some few And because Nurnberg is one of the chiefe I will beginne with it The Margraues of Brandeburg were of old Burgraues of Nurnberg till Fredericke the fourth about the yeere 1414 sold that his right and the Castle of Nurnberg to the Citizens thereof Albert his sonne called the Achilles of Germany for some duety denied to him made warre vpon the City drawing seuenteene Princes to take his part as the other free Cities assisted Nurnberg At this day the Margraue of Anspath being of that Family cals himselfe Burgraue of Nurnberg but hath onely the bare title without any command in the City yet because his lands lie on some sides vnder the very wals thereof the Citizens repute him a dangerous neighbour The common report was that this Margraue had lately sold to the City a great wood growing very neere the walles thereof and that shortly after hee was at variance with them as if hee had sold onely the wood and not the soyle so as if vulgar speech may be beleeued they were forced againe to buy the ground And yet he hath not renounced his right of hunting therein which he challengeth proper to himselfe Giue me leaue to digresse so much from my purpose as to say that the neighbourhood of this Margraue is no lesse suspected by the free City Wasenburg not farre distant where vpon a mountaine in his owne ground hanging ouer the City he hath built a strong Castle And because all the streetes of that little City lie open to it the Citizens when first he beganne to build complained to the Emperour of that wrong and obtained letters to command the Margraue to build no further but he not onely disobeyed those letters but built the same with more speed and strength Now I returne to Nurnberg the Common-wealth whereof is Aristocraticall The great Counsell hath no set number but commonly consists of some three hundred persons whereof many are Patricians liuing honourably vpon their rents as Gentlemen others are Merchants and some few Artisans of the best and richest workemen The Senate referres to this Counsell the impositions of tributes and the decrees of peace and warre which Subiects of Counsel being rare this Counsell is seldome called together but the authority of them is so great as the seales of any two of them set to any last Testament serues in steed of seauen witnesses
chosen Emperour was ouercome by his Competitor and being againe raised to that dignitie was put from it by Frederike the second and died 1218. Otho his brothers Sonne was forced to yeeld the Dukedome of Saxony to the Elector of Saxony Albert the second And the Emperour Frederick the second cast his Garrison out of Brunswick with the helpe of the Citizens and made Brunswick a free Imperiall City But at last the Emperour vpon the submission of Otho forgaue him and created him Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg This Otho died in the yeere 1252 from whom this house was subdeuided into the following Families From Henrie the Wonderfull descend the Lords of Ember and Grobenbagen From Albert the Fat dying in the yeere 1318 descend the Dukes of Brunswick and of Luneburg as followeth Magnus Torquatus heire of both Dukedomes whose garrison the citizens of Luneburg cast out of the castle Calkberg left three sonnes Frederick chosen Emperour against Wenceslaus killed by treachetie in the yeere 1400. Bernard after the killing of his brother yeelded the D. of Brunswick to his Nephew William retaining the D. of Luneburg died 1434. From Bernard descend Otho who exhibited the Reformed Confession at Augtburg and died 1549. Otho Lord of Harburg had to his first wife the daughter to the Earle of Schwartzenburg and with the second Wife Daughter to the Earle of Emden hee then liued when I passed though Germany Otho had by his first wife two sonnes Otho Henrich borne 1555 and Iohn Frederick borne 1557 and one daughter Elizabeth borne 1553 and married to the King of Suecia And by his second wife sixe sonnes William borne 1564. Euno borne 1565. Christopher borne 1570. Otho borne 1572. Iohn borne 1573. Frederick borne 1578. And three daughters Anna Margarita borne 1567. Heduigis borne 1569. Catherina Sophia borne 1577. The first house of the Dukes of Luneburg and Brunswick for the titles are cōmon to al. Anne borne 1526. And Ernest who reformed Religion and died 1546 buried at Cella Henry maried the daughter of the D. of the lower Saxony dwelling at Angria Henry had three sons Iulius Ernestus borne 1571. Francis Cannon of Strasburg borne 1572. And Augustus borne 1579. And two daughters Sibilla Elizabetha borne 1576. And Sidonia borne 1577. The second branch likewise Dukes of Luneburg and Brunswick William in the yere 1561 married Dorothy Daughter to Christian King of Denmarke William had seuen sons Ernest borne 1564. Christian borne 1561. Augustus borne 1568. Frederick borne 1574. Magnus borne 1577 then Rector of the Vniuersitie of Iena George borne 1582. Iohn borne 1583. And seuen daughters Sophia married to George Marquis of Brandeburg 1579. Elizabeth to the Count of Hohelm 1585. Doroty borne 1570. Clara 1571. Margaret 1573. Marie 1575. And Sibilla 1584. The third branch with the same titles Francis of the reformed religion left two daughters no heires males and died 1549. Henrie died before his brother Frederick William the Victorious at the death of his Vncle Frederick possessed the Dukedome of Brunswick which his Vncle Bernard did yeeld to him Hee died 1482. Dukes of Brunswick From William the Victorious descends Henry who twise in vaine besieged Brunswick aided by other free Cities He died 1514. Henrie made captiue by the Elector of Saxony 1545 twice besieged Brunswick He had two sisters and foure brothers Ericus Christopher Bishop of Verden Francis and George Archbishop of Breme The eldest married Mary Daughter to the Duke of Wirtenberg and died 1568. Iulius his two elder Brethren being killed left his Priest-hood reformed Religion after Luthers doctrine founded an Vniuersitie at Helmstat and called it Iulia married Heduigis daughter to Ioachim the second Elector of Brandeburg and died in the yeere 1589. Henrie Iulius borne 1562 Administrator of two Bishopricks of Halberstat and Mind first married Dorothy Daughter to Augustus Elector of Saxony then Elizabeth daughter to Frederike King of Denmark yet liuing By his first wife he had Dorothy Heduigis borne 1587 by the second Frederike Vdalrike borne 1591. Three brothers Philip Sigismond Bishop of Verden borne 1568. Ioachim Carolus borne 1573. Iulius Augustus borne 1578. Fiue sisters Sophia married to Ernest Duke of Pomeru Mary to Francis D. of lower Saxony 1582. Elizabeth to the Count of Schaumberg Dorothy borne 1577. Heduigis 1580. The second house of the Duke of Brunswicke more powerfull then all the former ioyned He had foure sisters Catherine married to Iohn Marquisse of Brandeburg Margaret to the D. of Munsterberg Clara first an Abbesse then married to Phillip Lord of Grachenhage And Mary an Abbesse And Ericus called the Popish Ericus called also the Popish married his daughter to Iohn Prince Dauria of Genoa in Italy He had a base sonne who died without issue and lies buried with his Father at Pauia in Italy The Duke of Brunswicke keepes his Court at a strong Castle within the little City Wolfeubeiten lesse then a German mile distant from Brunswick of which City he beares the title in respect it of old belonged to his Progenitors in which kind he is also called Duke of Luneburg to which he hath right of succession and Purgraue of Nurnberg which title hath beene long extinct not that he hath any least power ouer the City or so much as a house therein whom the Citizens rather wish many miles remoued from them I haue said that Henry Iulius Duke of Brunswick hath three brothers and that the eldest of them was Bishop of Verden but when my selfe passed that way I vnderstood that of these three younger brothers the eldest was Bishop of Osenburg the next Channon of Strasburg and that the youngest was a Student in the Vniuersity of Helmstatt founded by his Father And it is worth obseruation that the Duke himselfe was Administrator of two Bishoprickes I haue shewed that the City of Brunswicke got their liberty by the Sword in the time of Duke Otho and with the aide of the Emperour Fredericke the second And as they gained it by Armes so they maintaine it hauing beene often besieged by the Dukes and to this day bearing vp the same against the Dukes with whom they cease not to expostulate that they vsurpe the title of their City And not long before my passage that way when at the marriage of the Duke with the sister to the King of Denmarke the Citizens of Brunswicke discharged some great Peeces of Artillery in honour of the marriage yet so great are the iealousies betweene the Duke and them as hee tooke it in ill part and shaking his head for anger said it was done in ostentation of their strength and as the threatning of enemies rather then the triumph of friends And the Senators of Brunswicke though inuited to the marriage yet would not come thither Neither doe they willingly suffer the Duke to come into their City And not long before when the Duke for pleasure disguised himselfe as a Carman and droue a Cart of wood into the City to be sold there the