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A69885 Anglia rediviva being a full description of all the shires, cities, principal towns and rivers, in England : with some useful observations concerning what is most remarkable ... : to which is prefix'd a short account of the first origine of our nation, of its being conquer'd by the Romans, as also the occasion of the Saxons and Danes first entring England / collected from the best historians by Mr. Dunstar. Dunstar, Mr. (Samuel), 1675-1754. 1699 (1699) Wing D2617; ESTC R17303 46,649 154

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A DESCRIPTION Of all the Shires Cities and Towns c. IN ENGLAND Anglia Rediviva Being a full DESCRIPTION Of all the Shires Cities Principal Towns and Rivers in ENGLAND With some useful Observations concerning what is most Remarkable whether in relation to their Antiquity Situation Buildings Traffick or Inhabitants To which is Prefix'd A short Account of the first Origine of our Nation of its being Conquer'd by the Romans As also the occasion of the Saxons and Danes first entring England Collected from the best Historians By Mr. DUNSTAR Vincit amor Patriae Virg. London Printed for T. Bennet at the Half Moon in St. Paul's Church-yard C. Coningsby at the Turk's Head in Fleetstreet and D. Midwinter and T. Leigh at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-yard 1699. To the HONOURED Sir Thomas Twisden In the County of Kent BARONET SIR THE desire I always had to serve You encouraged me to prefix Your Name to this following Treatise Which being Collected from the best of our English Historians whose Writings You have frequently conversed with I presum'd that what was here so compendiously Digested would revive in Your Mind some remarkable Observations not unworthy Your remembrance You have here SIR a short view both of the ancient and present state of England as also an account of the most memorable Battels annex'd to the places near which they were Fought I have spar'd for no Pains and Industry to make it Perfect I being earnestly desirous that it might in some manner Merit Your Favour and Esteem which being once gain'd would be a great means in engaging others who are ambitious of emulating Your Example to receive it kindly How happy I have been in this Performance the Reader can best determine this I am sure of That if Learning and Sense Wit and Humour join'd with an Address that is every way becoming and agreable are accomplishments fit to recommend a Gentleman All those who know You and those who are to know You will applaud my Judgment in chusing You for my Patron Be pleased then SIR to afford a kind Reception to these my first Offerings let the fulness of my Joy for Your safe return amongst us plead in my behalf and make an atonement for the Faults You will here meet with Give me leave to hope that this short Description of Your own Country which cannot but be very dear unto You may find some place among those excellent Remarks which You have so lately made Abroad SIR since the greatness of Your Quality forbids me to come near You as a Friend Permit me to Subscribe my self with all imaginable sincerity SIR Your most Humble Servant S. DUNSTAR Anglia Rediviva UNDER the Title of ENGLAND we comprehend the better part of one of the best and greatest Islands of the whole Earth which together with that of Scotland is generally term'd both by Ancient and Modern Writers Great Brittain or Albion It is bounded on the North with the Hyperborean Ocean on the West with the Vergivian or Western Ocean which parts it from Ireland on the South it is divided from France with the English Channel and on the East it is separated from Germany Belgium and Danemark with the Brittish or as some call it the German Ocean It is in length from Berwick in the North to the Isle of Wight in the South 375 Miles whereof 73 make a Degree and from Dover in the East to the Lands-end in the West about 328 in compass 1300. In shape it is Triangular it having Three Promontories shooting out into divers parts viz. the Cape of St. Burien in Cornwall the Foreland of Kent and the Point of Catness in Scotland it contains according to Mr. Morden's computation near 30 Millions of Acres being about the 1 1000 part of the Globe and the 1 ●33 part of the Habitable World It s Air is Temperate the Cold in Winter being neither so extream nor the Heat in Summer so vexatiously scorching as in some parts of the World which have either a more Southern or Northern Scituation The whole Country is exceeding Fruitful 't is Bless'd with all the Commodities of Heaven and Earth it has Corn in abundance it is rich in Pasture it hath innumerable quantities of Cattel plenty of Wild and Tame Fowl and variety of all sorts of Fish The People are Bold and Warlike very Tenacious of their Liberty of a Generous and Noble Disposition see what the Ingenious Mr. 〈◊〉 says of them in his late Poem See in the Ocean yon fair Western Isle Whose Three sharp Points th' insulting Waves divide See with what beauteous Rivers 't is suppli'd How rich the happy Fields thro' where they glide Well knew the Old Phoenicians that blest place Enur'd to Pain there lives an hardy Race Daring as Virtues self for Conquest made Peace but their Recreation War their Trade Jealous of Liberty they Chains refuse Fair Death before Inglorious Life they chuse Force cannot bend but Kindness may improve And mildly melt their generous warmth to Love Book the 3d. C. 1147. As concerning its Name and its First Inhabitants Historians have left us in so great an uncertainty that we scarce know what to resolve on but we need not wonder at so great an Obscurity if we consider that the First Inhabitants of Countries had other Cares to employ their Thoughts than to deliver their Beginnings to Posterity and possibly had they been never so willing so to do they could not have effected it seeing their Life was so uncultivated and void of all Literature that it was almost impossible for them to preserve the Memory of things and to make over the same to succeeding Ages Besides their Druides and Bardi who Rehearsed and Sung the Actions of their Heroes not only like other Heathen Priests Monopolized that little Learning they had wholly to themselves and were by this means the only Persons suppos'd to be able to give an account of what was past thought it not lawful to Write any thing Nor indeed have we any better account of ancient times even in those Civiliz'd parts of the World wherein Learning chiefly flourished when a profound Ignorance overspread the face of Greece its self as well as other Nations for if we would take the pains to enquire strictly into the matter we shall there find as much darkness and obscurity as to their Original as in these our European Parts What Fabulous Stories would the subtle Greeks impose upon us if we had the Faith to believe them Who as a Learned Father of our Church affirms had not learn'd to speak plain truth till the World was about 3173 Years old for so it was when the Olympiads began If we would enquire further into the Succession of the Latins and would take the trouble to examine the two first Dynasties the first before Aeneas's coming into Italy and the second of the Aeneadae after fo certainly it will be sufficient ground to question the account of times before if in
into the Thames on the West 't is bounded by Wiltshire and on the East by Surrey On the West part it hath plenty of Command Fruit but on the East part where it consineth with Surrey the Soil is very barren and unfruitful 1. Farendon a Town seated on a rising ground famous for a Market kept there but in times past for a certain Fort which Robert Earl of Glocester Built and defended against King Stephen who having won it by many bloody Assaults levelled it to the ground so that now it is not to be seen 2. Abington a Populous Town pleasantly seated on the plain of an Hill since the Year 1416. in which King Henry the Vth Built a Bridge over the River and turned the Kings high-way hither to make a shorter passage it began to be so frequented that it is now the chief Town of the whole Shire it is famous for its great Trade in Malt. 3. Wallingford in old time it was compass'd about with Walls it had a very large Castle situate upon the River which was thought to be invincible it was oftentimes Besieged by King Stephen but all in vain This Town was so dispeopled by reason of a grievous Pestilence which happened in the Year 1348 that whereas before it was well Inhabited and had Twelve Churches it can shew now no more than One or Two 4. Newbury a famous Town raised out of the Ruins of Spine which was formerly a place of great repute it is situated in a champion plain being watered throughout with the River Kenet 't is well Inhabited and is very remarkable for its Trade in Clothing 5. Reading a Town famous for fair Streets well built Houses as also for the Riches of the Townsmen and for their Name in making Cloth it hath lost the greatest Ornaments it had viz. a beautiful Church and a most ancient Castle which was razed by King Henry the IId because it was a Refuge for King Stephen's followers 6. Maidenhead a large spacious Town fill'd with good Inns for the reception of Strangers it is well frequented 7. Windsor-Castle 't is situated on an Hill that riseth with a gentle Ascent and enjoyeth a most delightful Prospect round about on the front it overlooketh a spacious Vale behind it arise Hills every where neither rough nor high so that 't is dedicated as one would say to Hunting-Game it was Built by King Henry the Ist An. 1100. and enlarg'd by King Edward the IIId who was Born here 't is in bigness equal to a pretty City Fortified with Ditches and Bulwarks made of Stone in this place King Edward the IIId Instituted the Noble Order of the Garter to increase Virtue and Valour in the Hearts of his Nobility or as some report in honour of the Countess of Salisbury of which Lady the King had formerly been Enamour'd The Garter was given to it in Testimony of that Love and affection wherewith the Knights of it were bound one to another and all of them jointly to the King as Sovereign there are of it Twenty six Knights of which the King of England is always Chief the Ensign is a Blew Garter Buckled on the Left Leg on which these words are Embroider'd Honi Soit qui mal y Pense about their Necks they wear a Blew Ribbond at the end of which hangeth the Image of St. George upon whose Day the Installations of the new Knights are commonly Celebrated THese Regions which I have hitherto Describ'd viz. of the Danmonii Durotriges Belgae Attrebatii when the Saxons Rul'd in Brittain fell to the Kingdom of the West-Saxons who under the Command of their King Egbert United the English Heptarchy into a Monarchy which afterwards through the Cowardise of their Kings soon vanished For after this the Danes brake in upon the Northumbers and though often Vanquished yet being as often Victorious they at last seiz'd on the Monarchy of England which was sometime held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Twenty eight Princes down to our Gracious Sovereign King William REGNI NEXT unto the Attrebatii Eastward those Regions which we commonly term Surrey Sussex with the Sea-Coast of Hampshire were Inhabited by the Regni Surrey IN Latin Surria is bounded on the West by Barkshire and Hampshire on the South by Sussex on the East by Kent on the North 't is Water'd by the River Thames and by it divided from Middlesex It is a plain and Champion Country yielding Corn and Forage in abundance especially towards the South The Principal Towns are these 1. Farnham a Market-Town so named from the great quantity of Fern growing near it near this place H●nry of 〈◊〉 erected a noble Castle which being afterwards demolished by Henry the IIId was again rebuilt by the Bishops of Winchester 2. Guildford a Market-Town well frequented full of fair Inns in old time it was a Royal Mansion of the English Saxon Kings 3. Kingston a Market-Town well Inhabited famous in old time by reason of a Castle therein belonging to the Clares Earls of Glocester it took its name from a little Town which stood near it in which when England was almost ruined by the Danish Wars Athelstan Edwin and Etheldred were Crowned Kings in the Market-place 4. Richmond a Town very beautiful and glorious in respect of its Buildings famous for the Death of several Kings but in particular of that most Mighty Prince King Edward the IIId Here also Died Ann Wife to King Richard the IId Daughter to the Emperor Charles the IVth who first taught English Women the manner of sitting on Horseback which is now in use whereas before they rode very unseemly astride as Men do Memorable it is likewise for that King Henry the VIIth and Queen Elizabeth of glorious Memory yielded unto Nature in this place 5. Croidon a Market-Town well frequented whose Inhabitants gain to themselves great advantages by selling of Char-Coal 6. Lambeth a Town famous in former times for the Death of Canutus the Hardy King of England who there Revelling with his Lords amidst his Cups yielded up his Breath but at this time 't is much frequented by reason of the Archbishop of Canterbury's Palace which is in this place 7. Southwark the most famous Market-Town and place of Trade in all this Shire 't is so large and populous that it gives place to few Cities in England in the Reign of King Edward the VIth it was annexed to the City of London and is at this day reckoned as a part of it Sussex IN Latin Sussexia is bounded on the West by Hampshire on the North by Surrey and part of Kent on the East by Kent on the South it lieth upon the Brittish Ocean on the Sea-Coast it hath many green Hills of an exceeding heighth called the Downs which standing on a Chalky sort of Mould yield great plenty of Corn the middle part of it is