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A10801 A sacred septenarie, or The seuen last wordes of our Sauiour Christ vttered vpon the crosse, (with the necessary circumstances of the same:) expounded by a commentary, gathered out of the holy Scriptures, the writings of the ancient fathers, and later diuines. By Alexander Roberts, Bachelour in Diuinity; and preacher of Gods word at Kings Linne, in Norfolke. Roberts, Alexander, d. 1620. 1614 (1614) STC 21074; ESTC S115974 219,904 265

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a perpetuall ministerie by which the eyes of the Gentiles should bee opened that they might be conuerted from darknes to light and brought from the power of Satan vnto God that they might receiue forgiuenesse of sinnes and inheritance among them that are sanctified by faith in him Act. 26. 18. whereof is a notable remarkeable example of the people Publicans and souldiers Luc. 3. 10. 11. and those Iewes who so vehemently desired that Christ might bee crucified and Barrabas a theefe and murderer let loose Act. 2. 36. 41. We obtaine the second freedome when he giueth sauing 2. Liberatio à peccato faith by which we embrace the pardon of our offences and being regenerate the holy Ghost doth so abate and represse the power of sinne that it beareth not rule in vs. And in this sence we are said not to sinne 1. Ioh. 3. 9. because it reigneth not in our mortall bodies that we should obey the lustes thereof so that though in the flesh we serue the law of sin yet in the minde we serue the law of God Rom. 6. 12. 7 23. and so offend not stubbornely and obstinately but bewayle our corruption and bee exercised in continuall repentance For the third deliuerance it shall bee performed when 3. Liberatio à corruptione morte God by his mighty power doth raise our putrified and corrupted bodies from out of the earth vnto glory For then shall we all be Iust Esay 60. 21. the sonnes of God and of the resurrection equall vnto the Angells Luk. 20. 36. That as we haue borne the image of the earthly so shall we beare the image of the heauenly c. And when this corruptible hath put on incorruption and this mortall hath put on immortalitie then shall be brought to passe the saying that is written Death is swallowed vp in victorie r Deridet Apostolus mortē quae gloriabatur quasi victriu ●cciso seruatore posito in sepulero Arnoldus Carnotensis de oparibus sex dierum O death where is thy sting O graue where is thy victorie The sting of death is sinne and the strength of sinne is the Law But thankes bee vnto God which hath giuen vs victorie through our Lord Iesus Christ 1. Cor. 15. v. 49. 54. 55. 56. 57. From hence we may behold as in a glasse the exceeding iustice mercy wisdome and trueth of God iustice for his First vse wrath could not be appeased nor sinners receiued into fauour without a full and perfect satisfaction made for transgressions committed and therefore hath punished the iniquities of all mankind in his sonne neither doth hee acknowledge or receiue any but such as are clothed with his obedience For the offence committed against the greatest good was to be recompensed with the greatest punishment of the offendor that is the extreame destruction of the nature transgressing for the reward of sinne is death Rom. 6. vers 23. Mercy for s Augustinus in meditationibus when we were dead in trespasses and sinnes wherein in times past we walked according to the course of the world and after the Prince which ruleth in the ayre euen the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience c. and were by nature the children of wrath c. God rich in mercy through his great loue wherewith he loued vs c. hath quickned vs in Christ by whose Grace wee are saued and hath raised vs vp and made vs sit in the heauenly places in Christ Iesus c. Ephes 2. 1. 2. 3. c. And this is that bottomlesse depth t Bonauentinae De stimulo amoris diuins parte 1. cap. 2. Bernardus ser in 4. feria Hebdomadis Panosae of mercy which cannot bee sounded for the father that he might redeeme a seruaunt spared not his owne sonne not the sonne himselfe Wisdome for God did so temper and intermingle his iustice and mercy in this worke of redemption that he remained both infinitely iust and infinitely mercifull Infinitely iust for he punished our sinnes to the full infinitely mercifull laying this burden not vpon vs but vpon our pledge and suerty Christ Iesus for we all as sheepe haue gone astray we haue turned euery one after his owne way and the Lord laid vpon him the iniquitie of vs all Esay 53. 6. And this is that wonderfull worke of God which the Angels bowing themselues downe with reuerence desire to behold and that misterie of godlinesse dimly shadowed by the two cherubims couering the propitiatorie of the Arke of couenaunt a type of Christ and turning their faces one toward another as desiring to looke into it Exod. 25. 20. Trueth For God requireth the deserued punishment our surety vndertaking for vs hath deriued the same together with our sinnes vpon himselfe according to that decree that the breaking of the serpents head should not be without the bruising of the heele of the seede of the woman Gen. 3. 15. euen Christ whom God sent at the fulnesse of time Gal. 4. 4. and he by death ouercame him the deuill who had the power of death Heb. 1. 14. and therefore tooke vpon him our nature For u Thaeodoretus bare man could not heale so deepe a wound because in Adam all haue sinned are corrupted in the roote and conceiued in iniquity Psal 51. 6. neither was this in the power of any Angell a finite creature vnable to beare an infinite punishment or to vphold it selfe from falling For Angels x Augustinus in Enchiridis cap. 100. Fulgentius ad Trasimundum Regem lib. 2. cap. 2. stand by that grace by which we were raised Such an one therefore was to bee sought for whose benefit might renew wisdome informe and power confirme the creature so as eternall equalitie might iustifie the wicked trueth instruct the ignorant strength confirme the weake and he must be not onely man but G 〈…〉 such an helpe did both our nature and case require For neither could y Augustinus Maiesty without humilitie nor humilitie without maiestie restore mankinde therefore is God said to redeeme the Church with his owne bloud Act. 20. 28. and hee is that lambe killed from the beginning of the world Apoc. 13. 8. who was not taken by the handes of the wicked otherwise then deliuered by the determinate counsell and foreknowledge of God and so crucified and slaine Act. 2. 23. 4. 28. For so it was foretold by the mouth of all the Prophets Act. 3. 21. euen that Christ should suffer neither could it be but that the euent must answer the infallible praediction Luc. 24. 26. So he suffered necessarily though by no necessitie That thus the iustice the mercy the trueth and wisdome of God might be made knowen and our freedome from bondage procured 2 Hereby appeareth how z Bernardus in natale Domini serm 3. 6. grieuous a thing sinne is and how Second vse odious vnto God for deepe must needs those wounds be which could not be healed but by
thus said he gaue vp the ghost The death of Christ is expressed by three seuerall formes or manners of speech in the Gospell hee * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 breathed out the spirit in this place Christ cryed with a lowd voice and yeelded vp the Ghost Math. 27. 50. he bowed down the head and gaue vp the Ghost Which varietie of words are therfore more seriously to be weighed because in them is expressed a great difference betwixt the death of Christ and others for his alone was willing and therefore hee laid down his soule Iohn 10. 18. so that the Centurion at this wonderfull sight is mooued to beleeue and vttereth so much in plaine termes that he was the sonne of God Marc. 13. 39. Crying with a loud voice yeelded vp the Ghost Hee did not 1 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 now speake as other men doe when the time of their dissolution is come and be ready to cast forth the last breath but of his owne accord with a loud voice calleth vpon death not daring otherwise to presume for to come hee yeelded the Ghost at his own pleasure fulfilling all the e Arnoldus Car 〈…〉 de vltimis septem Christi verbis legall sacrifices and making an end of all the darke and obscure ceremonies Who so sleepeth who so putteth off his garments who so departeth from any place when hee will as Iesus dyeth vnclotheth himselfe of the flesh and leaueth this 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 world Bowing downe f Tanl●rus de meditati●●●us vitae Iesu Chris●i cap. 51. his head giuing his last farewell and bidding adew to the earth and offering the kisse of peace In g Ge●gius Wirth in Harmoniaex Euangelijs lib. 5. cap. 59. vs it is otherwise wee first dye then dow down the head but he boweth downe his head then dyeth declaring that hee is the Lord of death and doth all things according to his owne will hee gaue vp the Ghost being obedient vnto the death Hee left to breath Hee gaue the last breath his holy soule passing out of his vndefiled body Christ died not in h Her●tici nonnulli veter●s fictè putatiuè tantum pass●●● blasphemed euerunt vt Simoniani Siturniani Basilidiani Marcionitae Manichaei Alij diuinitatem passam esse tradiderūt v● Theopaschitae Eutuchiani Seueritae Arm●niani de quibus Epiphanius Augustinus Theod●●ctus shew and a false appearance but in truth the soule being locally parted and separated from his 3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 body yet the deitie forsooke neither but continued hypostatically vnited to them both the Sonne of God died not in his Godhead but in his humanitie and flesh 1. Pet. 3. 18. for otherwise neither could the iustice of God haue been satisfied nor his truth answered as hath been more fully handled in the first word Vse The benefit and fruit which wee receiue from this his death is manifold 1. First Iustification and the pardon of our sinnes that they come no more into the sight of God Christ is exalted and lifted vp vnto the i Leo primus depassione Domserm 10. crosse and so turned death vpon the author of death and by opposing his passible flesh hath broken all principalitie and aduerse power being content to admit the boldnesse of that ancient enemie against himselfe raging against that nature which was obnoxious vnto him and presuming there to bee a challenger of the debt where he could not find the least signe or token of any sin Therefore that generall and deadly hand-writing of our thraldome and misery is cancelled and the bond of our captiuitie is come into the hand of the Re●eemer whom the Father sent to bee a propitiation for our offences 1. Ioh. 4. 10. 2. Secondly deliuerance from the power of the deuill for the seed of the woman hath broken the head of the serpent Gen. 3. 15. and loosed the workes of the deuill 1. Ioh. 3. 8. 3 Thirdly the restitution of our peace for by his bloud we are reconciled Coloss 1. 19. and he hath broken down the partition wall Ephes 2. 14. and tasted of the deadly cup for our sakes The bloud of the k Augustinus de 5. heresibus Phisitian is shed and made the curing medicine of the phrentique patient 4 Fourthly the destruction of death and feare therof so that it is to the godly no more but a bare name yea the birth-day of life the entrance into heauen Threfore the Apostle tryumphingly asketh O death where is thy victorie O graue where is thy sting The sting of death is sin and the power of sin is the law but thanks be vnto God who hath giuen vs victorie through our Lord Iesus Christ Osea 13. 14. I. Cor. 15. 54 For hee tooke vpon him the nature of mankind that the l Cyrillus lib. 4. in Iohan. cap. 12. Leo primus serm 2 de Natiuitate hac similitudine videntur multùm delectari Patres nam ea ●si sunt Nazianzenus cratione de Paschate Gregor Magnus hom 25. in Euangelia Damascenorth dexae fidei lib. 3. cap. 27. c. deuill the first author of death might bee ouercome by his owne invention for swallowing the baite of his manhood hee is strucken with the hooke of his Godhead Heb. 2. 14. 5 Fiftly the regeneration and restitution of our nature by the holy spirit for Christ hath not onely by his death obteined the pardon but the purging also of our sins and is made vnto vs wisdome righteousnesse redemption and sanctification 1. Corinth 1. 30. Once dead that wee might for euer dye vnto sinne Rom. 6. 6. and liue now no more according to our owne will but his who hath died for vs 2. Cor. 5. 17. m De his vide plura in Dictionario pauperū Thus haue I finished the n Augustinus de Ciuit. Dei lib. 22. cap. 30. taske of this worke such as it is small in volume great in labour If any thinke I haue spoken too much let him pardon that if sufficient giue thanks not to me but to God Amen CERTAINE RVLES and directions teaching euery Christian how to die well according to these seuen last words of Christ. Vt of these last words of Christ some very denoute and religious persons haue collected framed an Art how to die well which I will as it were in a little table Christian o Fredericus tertius Imperator aliquando interrogatus q●● in 〈◊〉 prae●ip●am operam ●om● in hac ●●ta ponere deberet respondit in agnitione Dei ●●arte mori 〈…〉 Reader represent vnto thy sight that we may learne to number our dayes aright Psal 90. 12. and end our liues with comfort Therefore 1. Let vs forgiue our enemies as Christ here did for if we doe not neither will our hea●e●ly father forgiue vs Matth. 18. 35. And it is not enough thus to doe in word but the tongue and the heart must concurre in one 2 Let vs take order for
by any earthly tongue now left desticute of all worldly comfort yea and of Gods also complaineth and saith that he is forsaken because he was now in the houre of darknesse giuen ouer to the will of his persecutors and had none to help him Esay 63. 5. stucke fast in the deepe myre Psalm 69. 2. compassed about with the sorrowes of the graue and ouertaken in the snares of death Psal 18. 5. And in this word are obseruable two things first the word it selfe vttered secondly the precedent miracle The miracle was the supernaturall and prodigious eclipse of the Sunne for so S. Luke in expresse tearmes Cap. 23. 45. the Sunne was darkned and it is described by the greatnesse thereof darknesse was ouer all the earth or as some translate it ouer all that region by the continuance from the third houre vnto the ninth For the word it selfe the second generall point that is illustrated first from the adiunct of time in which it was spoken about the ninth houre Secondly from the formall termes in which it was deliuered and those expressed both in the originall tongue the Hebrew or rather Syriacke and in the Greek by interpretation Eli Eli Lammahsabacthani that is my God my God why hast thou forsaken mee And in them are considerable first the person complaynant Christ hanging vpon the crosse Secondly the person to whom the complaint is made God the Father my God Thirdly the matter of the complaint desertion why hast thou forsaken me Fourthly the grieuousnesse of the sorrow then felt expressed in the affectionate doubling of the wordes my God my God Fiftly his faith and patience signified in this pronoune my yea manifestly declared while he confesseth that hee is his God of whom he is forsaken Now from the sixth houre was there darknesse ouer all the land vnto the ninth houre For the better and more full vnderstanding of this place we must know that the Iewes in the latter times for before the captiuitie of b Hospinianus de origine progress● sestor● apud Iudaeos lib. 1. cap. 1. Babylon there is no mention made of houres in the Scripture deuided the c Cens●rinu● do die natali c. 23. Ioh. Garcoeus de sphera mundi t●mporum ratione naturall day which comprehendeth the day and the night into foure and twenty houres and these againe into two d Cur in 24. horas dies distribuatur Mestlinus in Epit●me Astronomiae lib. 3. twelues so as they reckoned twelue from the setting of the Sunne to the rising and so many againe from Sunne-rising to Sunne-set whereof our Sauiour Christ saith in the Gospell Iohn 11. 9. are there not twelue houres in the day so their six a clocke is our twelue or noonetide And concerning this eclipse it was not naturall but miraculous For first no eclipse of the Sunne e Augustinus epist. 80. Chitraeus in 27. Matthaei Lucas Gauricus in Calendari● Ecclesiastico Sethus Cal●i●ius in Isagoge Chrono● cap. 48. Garcaeus de Sphera Elias Rousuerus in Isagoges historicae lib. 1. Mestlinus in Epitome Astronomiae lib. 3. falleth out but at the new moone in the coniunction when shee commeth to those imagined knots which the Astronomers call the head and taile of the Dragon and is interposed diametrally between the Sunne and our sight and receiuing in her thicke body the sunne beames keepeth the light from vs and causeth by her shadow darknes in some climates But this eclipse fell out in the time of the opposition of these two lights For the Iewes solemnized the feast of Passeouer the fourteenth day of the first moneth Exod. 12. 6. and they vse f Mensisdicitur quaudo luna lustrata cursu suo solem est consequnia vnd● Hebraeis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nominatur ficut Graecis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nos moneth appellamus Henricus Wolphius de tempore lib. 1. cap. 3. Lalamantius de tempore cius partibus Varro de lingu● Lat●●a lib. 5. Synodicall moneths the first day of which is the coniunction 2. No eclipse of the Sunne is vniuersall g Lucas Gauricus in Calendario Ecclesiastico e● Nicephor● Calisto L●cus est historiae suae lib. 1. cap. 31. but this couered the whole earth with darknesse and that by the space of three houres For knowing that the body of the Moone is lesse then the Sunne the shadow it makes is sharper aboue then below in forme of a spire and couereth but a small part of the earth so that they who dwell without the compasse of it doe feele either none or very small defect of light but at this time the inhabitants of the whole earth were enwrapped in darknesse for h Diomsius Areopagita epist. 7. ad Polyca● pū si modo e●us sunt quae illi attribuuntur opera Vide i● eundem Georgij Pachymerae paraphrasin Maximi Scholia de his S●●das Iohannes de sacro B●sc● Iuncti●us ●●●as vinctus Hero in suis ad i●●um scholijs Apollophanes being now with Dionisius Areopagita in Heliopolis a Citie of Aegipt obserued it and examining it according to the tables of Aridaeus a famous Astrologer in those daies which hee composed of the eclipses of the two lights the Sunne and the Moone perceiued that it was miraculous The constitution of Heauen at the time of the passion of our Lord Iesus Christ who was crucified in Ierusalem In the 34. yeere of his age but according to the vulgar accompt in the beginning of his 33. yeere the third day of Aprill at high noone when the 4000. yeeres after the fall of Adam and Eua our first Parents were exactly compleat and finished Gal. 4. 4. God said vnto the serpent I will put enmitie betweene thee and the woman and between thy seede and her seede it shall breake thy head and thou shalt bruise his heele Genes 3. 15. Christ was partaker of flesh and bloud c. that hee might destroy through death him that had the power of death that is the deuill Heb. 2. 14. The Sunne contrary to nature lost his light in the midde heauen at high noone not farte from the Dragons head when the Sonne of God brake the head of the Dragon at the full Moone at which time the Sunne cannot naturally bee eclipsed and therefore that darknesse was supernaturall The Moone cannot shine except shee receiue light from the Sunne therefore the same now being eclipsed shee at the same time vnder vs was bereft of her light among the Antipodes in Magellaneta neere the tayle of the Dragon when our Lord Iesus Christ felt the stinge of the venemous dragon or olde serpents tayle vpon the altar of the Crosse Saturne now began to arise vpon our horizon with a qua●tile malignant aspect and beheld the eclipse of both the lights and by these wee may gather how terrible the face of heauen was at this present Henricus Buntingus in Chronolog in Itinerario sacro 3. All totall eclipses of the
holy stubbornenesse of the Cananitish woman who against all a●saults of hard temptations shewed an vndaunted mind and continued stiffe in her purpose and after two repulses presseth on the third time for if God doth not grant presently at our first request he doth not despise his suppliants f Augustinus in Psal 65. tractatu 6. 10 primam Iohan. epistolam but whetteth their desires at the last neareth that wished voice woman great is thy faith bee it vnto thee euen as thou wilt Matth. 15. 28. The third that he might try their constancie and as it were clense them with the g Hieronymus super Abacu● Prophetam fire of tribulation and make them appeare more pure Thus stood the case with Iob whom neither the driuing away of his flockes nor the losse of wealth in his heardes nor the sudden death of his children by the ruine of a house nor the loathsome and ouerspreading botches wherewith his body was couered could withdraw him from patience and the deuill but to no purpose and all in vaine assaulted him for by none of these calamities was hee alienated from his obedience due vnto God but stood stedfast and immoueable An example and h Tertullianus de Patientia witnesse vnto vs in the spirit and flesh in his soule and body of true patience that neither for the losse of worldly goods nor of our most dearest beloued nor for the troubles and griefes of our owne bodies wee should faint or fall from God For what a pegeant did hee in that man make of the deuill what a trophe did hee erect to his glory by him the enemie of his glory who at all the lamentable messages which were brought neuer vttered word of discontentment but euer answered blessed be the name of the Lord and reproued his wife as a foolish woman wearied with afflictions one rushing in vpon the necke of another and perswading him to vnlawfull meanes for the auoyding and ending of his suffered miseries c. As the fining pot is for siluer and the furnace for gold so the Lord tryeth the hearts Prou. 17. 3. Iam. 5. 11. Fourthly God in the slownesse of bestowing his benefits commendeth them i Augustinus Chrysost h●m 67. in cap. 20. Matthaei Afflictiones sunt 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gemistus Pletho 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Et de his olimplura scripsi ad Psal 130. for such things as wee haue for a long time desired are most delightsome and pleasant vnto vs when they are obteyned in a moment and for a little season hee may hide his face from vs but in euerlasting mercy will hee haue compassion Esay 54. 8. for hee will surely come and not stay Abacuc 2. 3. the later the more comfortably therefore aske seeke knocke Matth. 7. 7. God keepeth that for thee which he will not giue at thy first demaund that thou mayest learne to be an earnest suiter and so obteine great things at his hand Vse Then let vs not vtterly bee discouraged and growe Vse heartlesse if God doe not presently when we euen with passionate and enforced prayers desire comfort and deliuerance answer and heare our petitions but defer his helpe and seeme to passe by our petitions offered For it is vsuall with the Lord to k 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Theocritus recompence the slacknesse of his comming with abundance of comfort and he that is resolued to be a deuoted seruant of God must beleeue things to flesh and bloud incredible hope for things delayed and loue God though he shew himselfe an enemie and notwithstanding all these continue constant to the end Let vs therefore commit our waies vnto the Lord and trust in him and hee shall bring it to passe Psal 37. 5. And for ourselues not bee sluggish and drowsie in prayer Luke 18. 1. For God doth many times effect his determined purpose by meanes which seeme contrary So when hee will make supply of the best wine he commandeth that water should be filled Ioh. 2. 7. he first killeth then quickneth carieth downe to hel before he bringeth vp to heauen 1. Sam. 2. 6. Ioseph must be worshipped of his brethren this God had long before so appointed but to preuent it they sell him for a slaue yet the same meanes by which they sought to l Gregor Mag. m●ralium in Iobum lib. 6. cap. 12. auoide the decree manifested by a dreame furthered the fulfilling therof and they honoured him whom they hated And this is one of Gods m 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Haeliodorus in Aethiopicis wonders to bury his children as it were in the graue of miseries and then to raise them vp from death to life Thus the three children are cast into the fiery furnace extraordinarily heated and Daniel into the Lyons den yet these are deliuered and aduanced to the greatest and most high places Dan. 3. 28. 6. 28. Thus God sheweth himselfe wonderfull in his Saints Psal 4. that is leadeth gouerneth and deliuereth them from dangers by admirable meanes which passe the apprehension of our reason and the deepest reach of our vnderstanding For Gods diuine helpe recouereth forelorne humane hopes and supplying grace n Philo Iudaeus apud Eusebium Historiae Eccles lib. 2. cap. 5. beginneth where heartlesse nature endeth And about the ninth houre Iesus cryed with a loude voyce Eli Eli lammah sabacthani that is my God my God why hast thou forsaken mee Cryed with a loude voice In this clause the qualitie of Christ his complaint is expressed and that it was exceeding vehement vttered with great and earnest enforcement of speech for in the daies of his flesh he did offer vp prayers and supplications with strong crying and teares vnto him who was able to saue him from death Heb. 5. 7. And out of question the Apostle had an especiall respect in these wordes vnto those which Christ in his passion with o Paraus in locum compassion now vttered Christ tooke vpon him in respect of the essence our whole humane nature soule and body and therewithall the blamelesse naturall and vncorrupted affections of both of the soule as naturall p Damascenus Orthodoxae fidei lib. 3. cap. 20. Nicetas in thesauro l. 3. c. 37. Ambrosius de incarnationis Dominicae sacramento cap. 7. Danaeus in Isagoges parte 1. cap. 43. Polanus in Syntagmate Theologico lib. 6. cap. 15. ignorance for he increased in wisdome and stature Luke 2. 52. And thus he knew not that there was q In hac 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 explicanda multum se euercuerunt Patres sed facilis est omnium quaestionum responsio non requisiuisse Christum maturas ficus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nam non erat earum tempus sed prococes siue grossos Aretius in quaestionibus in Euangelium Marci quaest 48. de varietate fructuum ficut arboris Theophrastus de causis plantarum lib. 5. cap. 1.