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of_o portugal_n cause_v himself_o to_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o litter_n whereby_o he_o gain_v the_o victory_n though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n in_o the_o field_n but_o i_o say_v such_o a_o king_n answer_v answer_v may_v intrust_v as_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o be_v able_a and_o capable_a to_o lead_v army_n but_o he_o shall_v put_v the_o manage_n the_o great_a bulk_n of_o the_o war_n principal_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o command_v over_o all_o and_o if_o he_o be_v not_o of_o age_n fit_a for_o it_o than_o that_o great_a trust_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o next_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n who_o be_v capable_a of_o it_o when_o the_o imperial_a and_o spanish_a force_n invade_v france_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o the_o french_a king_n make_v his_o brother_n gaston_n generalissimo_n who_o chase_v the_o enemy_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_o have_v suffer_v many_o loss_n at_o last_o 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of_o calatrava_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n the_o master_n of_o which_o order_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a riches_n and_o power_n his_o son_n alphonse_n the_o nine_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o dangeron_n war_n with_o the_o moor_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o saint_n james_n which_o have_v since_o come_v to_o that_o height_n of_o power_n that_o the_o master_n of_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a subject_n of_o spain_n but_o ferdinand_n the_o first_o catholic_n king_n make_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o pope_n master_n of_o these_o order_n one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n when_o he_o have_v war_n with_o both_o the_o saracen_n of_o africa_n and_o spain_n institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o jesus_n christ_n about_o the_o year_n 1570._o the_o queen_n of_o navarre_n cause_v 12_o d'albret_a jane_n d'albret_a great_a medal_n of_o gold_n to_o be_v coin_v which_o she_o distribute_v among_o 12_o of_o the_o most_o 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the_o party_n who_o be_v to_o be_v honour_v with_o one_o of_o those_o crown_n as_o the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o another_o place_n how_o in_o many_o part_n of_o christendom_n officer_n above_o the_o quality_n of_o private_a captain_n many_o time_n be_v reduce_v to_o beggary_n to_o obviate_v which_o since_o prince_n and_o state_n can_v forbear_v war_n or_o will_v not_o live_v in_o peace_n it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a work_n of_o charity_n in_o they_o and_o will_v much_o redound_v to_o their_o honour_n charity_n work_n of_o charity_n and_o fame_n to_o build_v some_o hospital_n and_o endue_v they_o with_o some_o small_a revenue_n in_o which_o those_o commander_n who_o be_v lame_a old_a and_o poor_a may_v get_v a_o morsel_n of_o bread_n which_o will_v be_v a_o exceed_a great_a relief_n to_o those_o distress_a gentleman_n and_o much_o encourage_v young_a people_n to_o engage_v in_o a_o fresh_a war_n for_o alas_o though_o write_v testimony_n sign_v and_o seal_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o general_n may_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o young_a and_o lusty_a gallant_n who_o have_v their_o health_n and_o some_o money_n in_o their_o purse_n to_o look_v for_o new_a fortune_n yet_o pass_n though_o never_o so_o favourable_a to_o poor_a old_a man_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n nothing_o else_o pass_n pass_n but_o fair_a commission_n to_o beg_v chap._n xxviii_o the_o comparison_n make_v by_o justus_n lipsius_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a militia_n examine_v it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o curse_n that_o follow_v adam_n fall_n and_o i_o think_v be_v inherent_a in_o nature_n discontent_n follow_v humane_a nature_n he_o before_o his_o fall_n that_o as_o he_o be_v not_o so_o none_o of_o his_o posterity_n can_v be_v content_a with_o his_o present_a condition_n the_o long_a desire_n we_o have_v to_o enjoy_v that_o we_o want_v rob_v we_o of_o the_o content_a we_o may_v have_v of_o what_o we_o possess_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o old_a man_n cry_v up_o those_o custom_n that_o be_v use_v when_o they_o be_v boy_n vilify_a the_o present_a and_o magnify_v the_o bypass_a time_n neither_o be_v this_o fastidium_fw-la or_o loathe_v of_o present_a thing_n the_o concomitant_a of_o age_n only_o for_o young_a man_n who_o be_v in_o their_o strength_n be_v taint_v with_o it_o some_o be_v displease_v with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o state_n other_o huge_o dissatisfy_v with_o that_o of_o the_o church_n because_o none_o of_o they_o be_v cast_v in_o those_o mould_n which_o they_o fancy_v to_o be_v better_a than_o the_o present_a one_o and_o though_o perhaps_o they_o can_v pretend_v to_o have_v see_v better_a in_o their_o own_o time_n yet_o they_o have_v hear_v or_o read_v of_o those_o which_o they_o conceive_v be_v so_o absolute_o good_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v add_v to_o their_o perfection_n other_o like_v only_o of_o those_o government_n which_o have_v their_o birth_n rise_v growth_n and_o perfection_n in_o their_o own_o giddy_a brain_n but_o to_o come_v near_o our_o purpose_n few_o soldier_n be_v satisfy_v with_o their_o own_o country_n militia_n for_o if_o they_o have_v be_v abroad_o in_o the_o world_n at_o their_o return_n home_o they_o cry_v up_o the_o arm_n the_o art_n and_o the_o discipline_n of_o foreigner_n nor_o can_v they_o find_v any_o thing_n at_o home_n can_v please_v they_o and_o though_o their_o occasion_n have_v never_o invite_v they_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o strange_a place_n yet_o their_o book_n afford_v they_o matter_n enough_o to_o prefer_v those_o arm_n those_o exercise_n those_o guard_n those_o figure_n of_o battle_n that_o discipline_n of_o war_n they_o never_o see_v to_o all_o those_o they_o may_v daily_o see_v of_o this_o disease_n of_o discontent_n i_o think_v justus_n lipsius_n have_v be_v militia_n justus_n lipsius_n a_o admirer_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n irrecoverable_o sick_a and_o though_o he_o do_v not_o compile_v a_o military_a systeme_n of_o his_o own_o as_o machiavelli_n do_v yet_o i_o may_v compare_v these_o two_o in_o this_o that_o both_o of_o they_o be_v speculative_a soldier_n lipsius_n be_v so_o far_o disgu_v with_o the_o milice_fw-la of_o his_o own_o time_n which_o true_o be_v about_o eighty_o or_o ninety_o year_n ago_o be_v a_o excellent_a one_o which_o he_o may_v have_v see_v and_o observe_v better_o than_o his_o write_n show_v he_o do_v and_o be_v so_o much_o in_o love_n with_o the_o old_a roman_a militia_n which_o he_o never_o see_v but_o by_o contemplation_n that_o in_o the_o comparison_n he_o make_v of_o the_o two_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o his_o commentary_n on_o polybius_n he_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o prefer_v the_o ancient_a art_n of_o war_n to_o the_o modern_a one_o in_o all_o its_o dimension_n as_o i_o conceive_v he_o be_v so_o rational_a as_o to_o think_v no_o man_n will_v deny_v the_o modern_a war_n he_o compare_v
the_o first_o who_o have_v make_v use_n of_o it_o neither_o will_v we_o hinder_v it_o to_o be_v a_o perpetual_a law_n to_o age_n to_o come_v be_v assure_o confident_a say_v they_o that_o if_o you_o have_v that_o power_n over_o we_o that_o we_o probable_o may_v short_o have_v over_o you_o you_o will_v not_o fail_v to_o put_v this_o law_n in_o execution_n against_o we_o so_o you_o see_v that_o both_o cyrus_n and_o the_o athenian_n think_v prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v put_v to_o death_n if_o the_o victor_n please_v not_o only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n and_o nature_n before_o i_o go_v further_o i_o shall_v premise_v one_o thing_n at_o which_o perhaps_o many_o of_o my_o own_o profession_n scruple_n which_o be_v that_o notwithstanding_o any_o quarter_n grant_v in_o the_o field_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n or_o skirmish_n or_o at_o the_o assault_n of_o town_n or_o castle_n bâ—llâ—_n how_o a_o general_n may_v use_v his_o prisoner_n of_o war_n jurâ—_n bâ—llâ—_n he_o who_o command_v in_o chief_a over_o the_o victorious_a army_n may_v put_v all_o or_o any_o of_o the_o prisoner_n to_o death_n that_o he_o please_v without_o do_v any_o wrong_n to_o the_o law_n of_o war_n because_o they_o have_v no_o quarter_n promise_v they_o by_o he_o either_o by_o word_n or_o in_o writing_n which_o we_o ordinary_o call_v parol_n what_o quarter_n be_v give_v by_o any_o officer_n who_o be_v inferior_a for_o the_o time_n or_o by_o any_o soldier_n be_v but_o till_o the_o general_n or_o commander_n in_o chief_a judge_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o then_o he_o may_v do_v with_o they_o as_o he_o please_v but_o observe_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o though_o jure_v belli_n he_o may_v do_v so_o yet_o when_o he_o put_v prisoner_n to_o death_n in_o cold_a blood_n he_o may_v be_v just_o brand_v with_o inhumanity_n and_o cruelty_n unless_o those_o prisoner_n have_v be_v traitor_n rebel_n runaway_n or_o fugitive_n or_o that_o quarter_n have_v be_v promise_v contrary_a to_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o general_n any_o of_o these_o alter_v the_o case_n such_o be_v that_o act_n of_o saul_n king_n of_o israel_n who_o give_v quarter_n to_o agag_n contrary_a to_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o host_n who_o have_v ordain_v he_o to_o die_v let_v we_o take_v a_o short_a view_n how_o this_o perpetual_a law_n whereof_o cyrus_n and_o the_o athenian_a ambassador_n speak_v be_v execute_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o i_o believe_v we_o shall_v see_v that_o all_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v either_o ransom_v exchange_v put_v to_o death_n or_o make_v slave_n the_o jew_n differ_v a_o little_a from_o other_o nation_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o slave_n jewish_a slave_n slavery_n for_o deut._n 23._o they_o have_v a_o political_a law_n which_o order_v a_o refuge_n to_o their_o slave_n slave_n certain_o who_o come_v to_o that_o calamity_n by_o none_o of_o their_o own_o fault_n and_o that_o be_v most_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o captive_n of_o war._n cyrus_n find_v the_o law_n he_o speak_v of_o practise_v against_o himself_o by_o tomiris_n queen_n of_o scythia_n who_o put_v he_o to_o death_n in_o cold_a blood_n if_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o truth_n how_o the_o assyrian_a monarch_n use_v their_o prisoner_n though_o profane_a story_n be_v silent_a the_o sacred_a writ_n will_v inform_v we_o by_o it_o we_o know_v how_o tiglath_n pilâ—ser_n take_v away_o the_o ten_o tribe_n of_o israel_n and_o nebuchadnezzâ—r_n the_o other_o two_o to_o babylon_n and_o how_o this_o last_o put_v most_o of_o the_o chief_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o people_n to_o death_n after_o prisoner_n how_o the_o israelite_n use_v their_o prisoner_n they_o be_v prisoner_n and_o cause_v the_o child_n of_o king_n zedâ—kiah_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n before_o his_o face_n that_o after_o have_v see_v so_o sad_a a_o spectaâ—le_n he_o may_v have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o that_o so_o thereafter_o as_o sir_n walter_n raleigâ—_n observe_v well_o he_o may_v never_o see_v any_o thing_n to_o comfort_v he_o the_o captain_n of_o god_n choose_a people_n of_o israel_n and_o judah_n think_v not_o that_o their_o hand_n be_v bind_v up_o by_o any_o quaâ—â—er_a that_o be_v give_v by_o their_o inferior_a commander_n and_o soldier_n but_o pass_v very_o ordinary_o a_o sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o most_o of_o their_o prisoner_n of_o war._n joshua_n hang_v most_o of_o those_o king_n who_o he_o take_v in_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n adonibeâ—â—k_o have_v his_o thumb_n and_o great_a toe_n cut_v off_o for_o so_o he_o have_v use_v seventy_o two_o king_n before_o zebah_n and_o zalmunnah_n king_n of_o midian_a after_o they_o have_v quarter_n give_v they_o be_v kill_v in_o cold_a blood_n by_o gidâ—on_n perhaps_o by_o no_o other_o inspiration_n than_o that_o of_o revenge_n because_o they_o have_v kill_v his_o brethren_n and_o by_o the_o way_n i_o observe_v that_o the_o israelite_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n among_o themselves_o give_v very_o bad_a quarter_n as_o for_o example_n after_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tribe_n have_v kill_v in_o one_o battle_n eighteen_o thousand_o benjamite_n they_o put_v five_o thousand_o of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o chase_n who_o no_o doubt_n call_v for_o quartor_n the_o text_n say_v they_o glean_v they_o that_o be_v kill_v they_o one_o by_o one_o in_o the_o way_n and_o after_o that_o two_o thousand_o of_o they_o be_v put_v to_o death_n at_o gidoâ—_n who_o i_o make_v no_o question_n yield_v themselves_o prisoner_n how_o many_o thousand_o ephraâ—â—â—tes_n be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o gileadite_n when_o they_o bewray_v what_o they_o be_v by_o the_o wrong_a pronunciation_n of_o sâ—bbâ—teth_n david_n king_n of_o israel_n prisoner_n david_n very_o severe_a to_o his_o prisoner_n not_o only_o slaughter_v those_o ammonite_n who_o he_o have_v take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o war_n but_o torture_v they_o and_o put_v they_o to_o cruel_a deaâ—â—s_n whether_o he_o do_v this_o â—or_a â—â—y_n other_o reason_n than_o to_o be_v revenge_v for_o the_o disgrace_n do_v to_o his_o ambassador_n by_o hâ—nan_n king_n of_o the_o a_o 〈…〉_o it_o be_v i_o shall_v not_o offer_v to_o determine_v but_o certain_o the_o prophet_n â—lisha_fw-mi give_v a_o contrary_a advice_n to_o jehorâ—â—â—_n king_n of_o israel_n quarter_n elisha_n advise_v to_o give_v fair_a quarter_n who_o ask_v the_o man_n of_o god_n what_o he_o shall_v do_v with_o those_o syrian_n who_o be_v miraculous_o bring_v into_o samâ—ria_n in_o these_o word_n shall_v i_o smiâ—e_v they_o my_o father_n shall_v i_o smiâ—e_v they_o be_v answer_v wiâ—â—_n thou_o smiâ—e_v those_o who_o thou_o have_v takâ—â—_n with_o thy_o bow_n and_o thy_o spear_n nay_o see_v brâ—ad_a and_o water_n before_o they_o and_o send_v thâ—â—_n back_o to_o their_o master_n i_o confess_v this_o be_v very_o fair_a quarter_n but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imitate_v in_o all_o its_o point_n the_o obstinate_a keep_n out_o of_o town_n fort_n and_o castle_n when_o there_o be_v quarter_n a_o occasion_n of_o bad_a quarter_n neither_o hope_n nor_o probability_n of_o succour_n have_v be_v often_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o besiege_a after_o they_o have_v render_v have_v be_v butcher_v to_o death_n that_o be_v after_o they_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o conqueror_n who_o have_v grant_v no_o article_n or_o condition_n may_v put_v they_o all_o to_o death_n without_o any_o stâ—â—â—_n of_o perfidy_n he_o may_v do_v it_o jure_fw-la bâ—lli_fw-la but_o he_o may_v be_v tax_v with_o severity_n if_o not_o cruelty_n for_o it_o yet_o generous_a prince_n have_v practise_v it_o titus_n a_o merciful_a prince_n cast_v the_o jew_n who_o be_v his_o prisoner_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n by_o hundred_o to_o be_v tear_v and_o devour_v by_o wild_a beast_n the_o great_a alexander_n cause_v some_o thousand_o of_o the_o tirian_o to_o be_v scourge_v and_o crucify_a after_o they_o wear_v prisoner_n because_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o city_n they_o have_v so_o long_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o course_n of_o his_o victory_n but_o i_o think_v he_o can_v be_v vindicate_v from_o extreme_a inhumanity_n alexander_n inhumanity_n of_o alexander_n use_v to_o the_o noble_a governor_n of_o gaza_n who_o keep_v out_o that_o place_n courageous_o against_o he_o till_o the_o never-failing_a fortune_n of_o that_o dare_a prince_n put_v the_o woeful_a governor_n into_o his_o hand_n who_o fâ—â—t_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v bore_v and_o through_o the_o hole_n he_o put_v cord_n and_o tie_v these_o to_o horse-tail_n in_o that_o manner_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v drag_v about_o the_o city_n in_o imitation_n perhaps_o of_o what_o homer_n say_v achilles_n of_o who_o alexander_n derive_v his_o pedigree_n do_v to_o the_o dead_a body_n of_o the_o valiant_a hector_n the_o veneti_n a_o people_n in_o gâ—â—le_n be_v overcome_v by_o câ—sar_n
caesar_n severity_n of_o caesar_n in_o a_o nuval_n battel_n yield_v to_o his_o mercy_n but_o because_o they_o have_v before_o give_v hostage_n and_o yet_o have_v rebel_v and_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v imprison_v his_o ambassador_n he_o put_v the_o chief_a man_n of_o they_o to_o death_n and_o sell_v the_o rest_n for_o slave_n and_o at_o vxellodunum_n he_o cut_v off_o the_o hand_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v maintain_v the_o siege_n against_o he_o and_o have_v yield_v to_o his_o mercy_n because_o they_o have_v rebel_v before_o yet_o the_o same_o câ—sar_n be_v know_v to_o be_v very_o merciful_a xenophon_n in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o his_o third-book_n say_v that_o prisoner_n of_o war_n may_v be_v use_v without_o form_n of_o law_n or_o process_n of_o justice_n at_o the_o victor_n pleasure_n this_o be_v true_a if_o there_o be_v no_o provion_n article_n or_o treaty_n for_o that_o alie'_v the_o case_n the_o grecian_n be_v cruel_a enough_o to_o their_o prisoner_n in_o that_o nayal_n quarter_n the_o grecians_n general_o give_v bad_a quarter_n battle_n wherein_o the_o lacedaemonian_a lisander_n gain_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o athenian_n he_o put_v three_o thousand_o prisoner_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o cold_a blood_n those_o who_o yield_v to_o their_o discretion_n make_v but_o a_o bad_a bargain_n of_o it_o take_v a_o few_o example_n mitilene_n which_o be_v tributary_n to_o athens_n rebel_v the_o inhabitant_n after_o a_o long_a resistance_n yield_v to_o mercy_n the_o first_o sentence_n of_o that_o popular_a state_n be_v that_o all_o the_o man_n above_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n shall_v die_v and_o all_o under_o it_o with_o all_o the_o woman_n shall_v be_v sell_v for_o slave_n the_o next_o day_n verdict_n be_v more_o favourable_a which_o give_v life_n and_o liberty_n to_o all_o except_o the_o ringleader_n of_o the_o sedition_n but_o these_o the_o athenian_n make_v not_o to_o be_v so_o few_o as_o a_o thousand_o the_o platâ—â—ns_n a_o free_a people_n of_o greece_n after_o a_o long_a siege_n yield_v to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o put_v every_o one_o of_o they_o to_o death_n and_o sell_v the_o woman_n for_o slave_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o melus_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v a_o little_a before_o after_o a_o long_a siege_n yield_v to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o athenian_n but_o they_o exercise_v that_o perpetual_a law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n over_o the_o vanquish_a whereof_o their_o ambassador_n have_v tell_v they_o and_o though_o they_o have_v no_o pretext_n of_o other_o power_n over_o they_o but_o that_o of_o the_o sharp_a sword_n yet_o they_o kill_v all_o the_o man_n that_o be_v above_o fourteen_o year_n old_a and_o sell_v all_o the_o woman_n and_o male_a child_n for_o slave_n but_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o most_o merciless_a conqueror_n of_o any_o nation_n except_o prisoner_n the_o roman_n general_o most_o merciless_a to_o prisoner_n the_o cannibal_n who_o feed_v their_o prisoner_n to_o kill_v and_o eat_v they_o for_o those_o prisoner_n who_o they_o kill_v not_o they_o reserve_v for_o worse_a use_n than_o drudgery_n and_o slavery_n some_o be_v keep_v to_o adorn_v their_o pompous_a triumph_n and_o when_o the_o triumpher_n chariot_n turn_v towards_o the_o capitol_n than_o the_o woeful_a captive_n be_v take_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n and_o there_o butcher_v to_o death_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o have_v their_o life_n spare_v at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v a_o cruel_a mercy_n to_o make_v they_o die_v a_o worse_a death_n afterward_o which_o be_v the_o fortune_n of_o persâ—us_n the_o last_o king_n of_o macedon_n for_o after_o he_o with_o his_o child_n all_o in_o chain_n have_v be_v make_v spectacle_n at_o aeâ—â—ilius_n his_o triumphant_a chariot_n they_o be_v leave_v to_o die_v in_o prison_n for_o want_n of_o either_o food_n or_o sleep_n the_o two_o great_a supporter_n of_o man_n life_n other_o of_o their_o prisoner_n be_v force_v to_o fight_v and_o fence_v at_o sharps_n on_o the_o amphitheatre_n till_o they_o kill_v one_o another_o and_o all_o to_o make_v sport_n to_o that_o inhuman_a people_n and_o which_o be_v worse_o they_o be_v force_v many_o time_n to_o satiate_v the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o spectator_n by_o fight_v for_o their_o life_n with_o lion_n bear_n and_o tiger_n keep_v purposely_o from_o meat_n to_o make_v they_o more_o eager_a to_o devour_v those_o miserable_a wretch_n and_o thus_o they_o use_v woman_n as_o well_o as_o man_n i_o tell_v you_o also_o how_o titus_n who_o be_v so_o meek_a a_o prince_n that_o he_o be_v call_v the_o delight_n of_o mankind_n use_v the_o infatuate_v jew_n after_o the_o destruction_n of_o jerusalem_n so_o unlimited_a a_o power_n do_v those_o ancient_a conqueror_n assume_v to_o themselves_o over_o the_o person_n and_o life_n of_o their_o prisoner_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o have_v acquire_v yet_o the_o roman_a senate_n very_o often_o either_o real_o be_v or_o seem_v to_o be_v dissatisfy_v senate_n roman_a cruelty_n to_o prisoner_n often_o restrain_v by_o the_o senate_n with_o some_o of_o their_o consul_n and_o other_o supreme_a commander_n of_o their_o army_n who_o be_v cruel_a to_o those_o who_o yield_v to_o mercy_n so_o when_o sâ—rgius_n galba_n have_v sell_v in_o spain_n all_o those_o portuguese_n who_o have_v submit_v themselves_o a_o law_n be_v make_v at_o rome_n to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o liberty_n but_o it_o have_v no_o effect_n and_o this_o import_v juggle_v but_o the_o senate_n go_v further_o for_o they_o punish_v some_o of_o their_o general_n for_o use_v cruelty_n to_o those_o who_o yield_v to_o mercy_n as_o the_o proconsul_n plicinius_n crassius_n and_o two_o admiral_n be_v judicial_o condemn_v at_o rome_n for_o their_o inhumanities_n of_o that_o nature_n in_o greece_n the_o consul_n m._n popilius_n have_v by_o sundry_a victory_n well_o near_o ruin_v the_o ligurian_o ten_o thousand_o of_o they_o submit_v to_o his_o discretion_n and_o observe_v what_o that_o be_v he_o first_o disarm_v they_o next_o he_o raze_v their_o town_n three_o he_o sell_v all_o their_o good_n and_o substance_n and_o fourthly_a he_o sell_v themselves_o for_o slave_n a_o most_o detestable_a action_n and_o as_o such_o resent_v by_o the_o senate_n who_o order_v the_o consul_n to_o pay_v back_o the_o price_n to_o the_o buyer_n restore_v the_o poor_a ligurian_o to_o their_o liberty_n and_o return_v to_o they_o as_o much_o of_o their_o good_n and_o as_o many_o of_o their_o arm_n as_o can_v be_v recover_v but_o the_o half_a of_o this_o be_v not_o perform_v by_o the_o consul_n yet_o the_o reason_n on_o which_o the_o senate_n ground_v this_o order_n be_v very_o observable_a because_o say_v they_o victory_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o exercise_v cruelty_n on_o those_o who_o yield_v to_o mercy_n but_o in_o vanquish_a the_o obstinate_a and_o contumacious_a most_o of_o the_o capuan_n who_o stand_v for_o hannibal_n after_o a_o long_a siege_n yield_v themselves_o and_o city_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o two_o roman_a consul_n one_o whereof_o be_v wound_v and_o incline_v to_o be_v merciful_a but_o the_o other_o q._n fulvius_n cause_v eighty_o of_o the_o principal_a citizen_n first_o to_o be_v whip_v with_o rod_n and_o then_o behead_v with_o axe_n and_o he_o use_v all_o the_o rest_n very_o inhumane_o and_o assure_o the_o fear_n of_o merciless_a usage_n and_o bad_a quarter_n have_v force_v many_o effect_n fear_v of_o bad_a quarter_n produce_v desperate_a effect_n to_o make_v a_o unlooked_a for_o resistance_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o the_o prevail_a party_n for_o despaiâ—_n produce_v the_o most_o horrid_a and_o desperate_a effect_n most_o of_o the_o saguntines_n save_v hannibal_n a_o labour_n to_o kill_v they_o by_o kill_v themselves_o the_o citizen_n of_o astapa_n in_o spain_n detest_a the_o roman_a cruelty_n make_v a_o great_a â—ile_n of_o wood_n within_o their_o town_n set_v it_o on_o fire_n throw_v first_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n into_o it_o and_o then_o themselves_o when_o philip_n the_o last_o king_n of_o maceâ—â—n_n except_o one_o will_v grant_v no_o other_o condition_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o abide_v but_o to_o yield_v to_o his_o mercy_n which_o they_o know_v be_v the_o extreme_a of_o cruelty_n after_o many_o desperate_a resolution_n and_o vigorous_a opposition_n when_o the_o macedonian_n enter_v it_o be_v a_o ruthful_a sight_n to_o see_v the_o poor_a abyden_n destroy_v one_o another_o promiscuous_o man_n and_o woman_n young_a and_o old_a some_o hang_v their_o wife_n first_o and_o then_o themselves_o other_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o their_o child_n and_o then_o their_o own_o other_o cast_v their_o near_a relation_n in_o well_n and_o over_o the_o top_n of_o house_n and_o themselves_o after_o they_o philip_n be_v astonish_v and_o appall_v at_o so_o terrible_a
a_o sight_n by_o proclamation_n give_v they_o three_o day_n to_o live_v before_o their_o death_n shall_v be_v resolve_v on_o by_o he_o but_o in_o vain_a for_o a_o of_o they_o dispatch_v themselves_o except_o such_o as_o be_v by_o force_n bond_n and_o chain_n compel_v to_o live_v you_o may_v read_v their_o lamentable_a tragedy_n in_o polyâ—â—â—_n his_o sixteenth_o book_n and_o in_o the_o thirty_o first_o of_o titus_n livius_n nor_o do_v the_o roman_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n give_v better_o quarter_v one_o to_o another_o war_n romans_z cruel_a to_o prisoner_n in_o their_o civil_a war_n except_o câ—sar_n than_o they_o do_v to_o stranger_n pâ—â—â—â—ius_n kill_v those_o soldier_n of_o câ—sar's_n who_o he_o find_v in_o his_o camp_n though_o câ—sar_n spare_v those_o of_o peâ—â—eiâ—s_n and_o send_v they_o back_o to_o he_o sciplâ—_n pompey_n father-in-law_n put_v aâ—_n those_o of_o câ—sar's_n party_n to_o death_n who_o he_o take_v prisoner_n syâ—â—â—_n after_o all_o his_o victory_n very_o cruel_o put_v eight_o thousand_o roman_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o the_o great_a hostelery_n near_o the_o city_n after_o they_o have_v yield_v to_o his_o mercy_n nor_o do_v aâ—gustus_n keep_v himself_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o mercy_n when_o he_o think_v it_o fit_a at_o one_o time_n to_o sacrifice_v three_o hundred_o roman_a knight_n to_o appease_v the_o incense_a ghost_n of_o his_o great_a uncle_n julius_n câ—sar_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v these_o have_v that_o pretence_n which_o all_o civil_a war_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o and_o that_o be_v that_o all_o who_o oppose_v either_o of_o the_o two_o party_n be_v rebel_n to_o the_o state_n whether_o the_o party_n be_v for_o the_o lawful_a and_o supreme_a authority_n or_o against_o it_o and_o therefore_o to_o say_v no_o more_o of_o their_o civil_a war_n i_o find_v they_o extreme_a cruel_a in_o their_o war_n with_o hannibal_n to_o their_o own_o soldier_n which_o that_o great_a carthaginian_a have_v take_v prisoner_n fabiâ—s_v the_o dictator_n who_o save_v the_o roman_a state_n make_v a_o agreement_n with_o hannibal_n for_o the_o exchange_n and_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n of_o a_o like_a quality_n and_o for_o every_o one_o of_o those_o who_o after_o the_o exchange_n be_v make_v be_v supernumerary_n they_o be_v to_o pay_v â—eaâ—_n eight_o pound_n sterling_n at_o one_o exchange_n there_o be_v two_o hundred_o â—orty_fw-la seven_o more_o roman_n than_o carthaginian_n hannibal_n demand_v their_o ransom_n fabius_n send_v to_o avarice_n romanâ—enates_n â—enates_z avarice_n the_o senate_n for_o it_o who_o base_o refuse_v the_o money_n and_o disow_v the_o agreement_n what_o can_v the_o good_a old_a man_n fabius_n do_v but_o send_v his_o son_n to_o rome_n and_o sell_v a_o part_n of_o his_o patrimony_n and_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o hannibal_n which_o be_v near_o two_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_n a_o vast_a sum_n in_o those_o day_n but_o they_o deal_v worse_o with_o those_o of_o their_o own_o man_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n at_o cannae_n who_o they_o injustice_n it_o be_v cruelty_n and_o injustice_n will_v neither_o ransom_n out_o of_o the_o public_a pâ—rse_n nor_o suffer_v the_o prisoner_n themselves_o or_o their_o friend_n to_o ransom_n out_o of_o their_o private_a fortune_n and_o estate_n and_o though_o the_o senate_n flatter_v themselves_o by_o call_v this_o act_n of_o their_o own_o magnanimous_a yet_o since_o there_o be_v no_o justice_n in_o it_o it_o can_v carry_v no_o generosity_n along_o with_o it_o for_o if_o these_o captive_n roman_n misbehave_a themselves_o in_o the_o battle_n the_o senate_n be_v bouâ—d_v in_o honour_n to_o ransom_n they_o and_o punish_v they_o themselves_o and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o rot_v in_o prison_n with_o their_o capital_a enemy_n assure_o this_o action_n want_v for_o neither_o avarice_n nor_o cruelty_n for_o strange_a it_o be_v thus_o to_o punish_v common_a soldier_n and_o yet_o to_o send_v out_o some_o principal_a senator_n to_o meet_v and_o compliment_v their_o hare-brained_a conful_n teremiâ—â—_n vaâ—â—_n and_o thank_v he_o that_o he_o have_v not_o despair_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o yet_o by_o his_o obstinate_a and_o inexcusable_a folly_n he_o have_v bring_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o destruction_n and_o why_o may_v not_o hannibal_n have_v use_v these_o roman_a prisoner_n as_o livy_n in_o his_o seven_o book_n tell_v we_o the_o roman_n use_v some_o thousand_o of_o the_o tarquinian_a prisoner_n unjust_a a_o merciless_a act_n of_o the_o roman_n yet_o not_o unjust_a of_o who_o they_o choose_v 358_o of_o the_o prime_a nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n all_o these_o they_o first_o whip_v well_o with_o rod_n and_o then_o strike_v off_o their_o head_n in_o the_o great_a marketplace_n of_o rome_n and_o present_o after_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prisoner_n to_o the_o sword_n in_o cold_a blood_n though_o this_o be_v a_o very_a merciless_a act_n yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o war_n they_o may_v do_v it_o and_o 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voluntary_a death_n rid_v themselves_o from_o all_o fear_n and_o danger_n and_o rob_v their_o enemy_n of_o the_o glory_n of_o their_o captivity_n thus_o saul_n king_n of_o israel_n desire_v his_o armour-bearer_n to_o kill_v he_o and_o because_o he_o will_v not_o he_o do_v it_o himself_o that_o he_o may_v not_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o uncircumcised_a thus_o virius_n vibius_n persuade_v seventy_o capuan_a senator_n to_o sup_v with_o he_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o to_o drink_v a_o draught_n of_o poison_n to_o shun_v the_o rod_n and_o axe_n of_o the_o roman_a conqueror_n thus_o the_o great_a hannibal_n poison_v himself_o that_o the_o treacherous_a king_n of_o prussia_n may_v not_o deliver_v he_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o implacable_a enemy_n the_o roman_n thus_o brutus_n and_o cassius_n dispatch_v themselves_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v grateful_a and_o welcome_a spectacle_n to_o anthony_n and_o octavius_n caesar_n thus_o cato_n make_v utica_n catoni_fw-la victrix_n caâ—sa_fw-la diis_fw-la placuit_fw-la sed_fw-la victa_fw-la catoni_fw-la famous_a by_o pull_v out_o his_o own_o bowel_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v behold_v for_o his_o life_n to_o merciful_a caesar_n thus_o scapula_n to_o shun_v the_o same_o caesar_n just_a resentment_n for_o his_o sedition_n cause_v a_o huge_a pile_n of_o burnt-wood_n to_o be_v heap_v up_o sup_v plentiful_o take_v nard_n or_o spikenard_n and_o rosin_n inward_o and_o then_o command_v a_o slave_n to_o kindle_v the_o fire_n and_o to_o throw_v he_o in_o it_o after_o his_o free_a servant_n have_v at_o his_o entreaty_n cut_v his_o throat_n thus_o mark_v anthony_n and_o his_o beautiful_a and_o belove_a cleopatra_n open_v to_o themselves_o two_o several_a door_n of_o death_n that_o they_o may_v not_o assist_v at_o augustus_n his_o triumphal_a entrance_n into_o rome_n thus_o vaodicea_n queen_n of_o the_o briton_n choose_v rather_o to_o poison_v herself_o than_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o roman_n contempt_n to_o who_o in_o restore_v to_o liberty_n her_o oppress_a country_n she_o have_v do_v much_o mischief_n what_o some_o other_o who_o be_v not_o heathen_n have_v do_v like_o this_o in_o latter_a time_n move_v by_o the_o fearful_a example_n of_o the_o calamity_n and_o inhuman_a usage_n of_o those_o who_o have_v be_v prisoner_n of_o war_n before_o they_o shall_v be_v speak_v to_o in_o its_o own_o place_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o military_a punishment_n and_o reward_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_n as_o in_o all_o well_o order_v commonwealth_n the_o virtuous_a shall_v be_v cherish_v and_o the_o wicked_a chastise_v so_o in_o army_n which_o both_o in_o oeconomy_n and_o policy_n do_v not_o only_o represent_v but_o be_v indeed_o either_o well_o or_o ill_o govern_v republic_n those_o who_o in_o ancient_a time_n do_v signal_n service_n be_v reward_v and_o those_o who_o transgress_v military_a law_n be_v punish_v and_o if_o martial_a animadversion_n execute_v military_a law_n shall_v be_v severe_a and_o severe_o execute_v be_v more_o severe_a than_o the_o civil_a one_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o because_o on_o the_o right_n or_o wrong_n manage_v the_o war_n depend_v the_o safety_n or_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n and_o upon_o the_o least_o mistake_n of_o one_o military_a order_n may_v follow_v the_o loss_n of_o that_o army_n to_o which_o be_v entrust_v the_o management_n of_o that_o war._n the_o great_a master_n of_o war_n caesar_n say_v fortuna_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o reliquis_fw-la reâ—us_fw-la tum_fw-la praecipâ—e_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la parviâ—_n momentis_fw-la magnas_fw-la commutationes_fw-la efficit_fw-la fortune_n say_v he_o as_o in_o other_o affair_n so_o more_o especial_o in_o war_n make_v inconsiderable_a accident_n produce_v vast_a change_n and_o alteration_n that_o which_o lamachus_n in_o plutarch_n say_v be_v now_o common_a non_fw-la licet_fw-la bis_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la peccare_fw-la in_o war_n one_o can_v do_v wrong_a twice_o that_o be_v in_o 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cut_v off_o and_o the_o eye_n of_o delinquent_n to_o be_v put_v out_o and_o in_o that_o manner_n scent_n they_o home_o to_o their_o friend_n but_o for_o great_a crime_n he_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v burn_v quick_a or_o put_v they_o to_o death_n by_o some_o more_o linger_a torture_n though_o the_o grecian_n be_v severe_a in_o their_o punishment_n yet_o we_o find_v they_o not_o ordinary_o cruel_a in_o they_o their_o animadversion_n be_v for_o most_o part_n rather_o ignominious_a than_o capital_a it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n from_o who_o other_o have_v their_o breed_n in_o the_o military_a art_n that_o they_o punish_v a_o coward_n by_o clothe_v he_o in_o a_o woman_n apparel_n and_o make_v he_o stand_v every_o three_o day_n in_o their_o market_n or_o other_o public_a place_n which_o be_v look_v on_o by_o man_n of_o spirit_n as_o worse_a than_o death_n we_o find_v the_o ordinary_a death_n to_o which_o the_o grecian_a delinquent_n in_o army_n punishment_n grecian_a punishment_n 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much_o contribute_v
it_o long_o after_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o pistol_n whether_o the_o lance_n be_v lay_v aside_o as_o useless_a in_o germany_n england_n scotland_n france_n denmark_n and_o sweden_n by_o the_o command_n of_o several_a prince_n or_o only_o wear_v out_o by_o time_n i_o know_v not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o use_v in_o these_o place_n be_v certain_a enough_o and_o true_o i_o wonder_v why_o it_o shall_v not_o now_o rather_o be_v use_v when_o the_o nakedness_n of_o man_n breast_n without_o defensive_a arm_n render_v they_o more_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o stroke_n or_o push_v of_o a_o lance_n than_o in_o former_a time_n when_o few_o or_o no_o horseman_n be_v to_o be_v see_v without_o a_o corslet_n i_o shall_v not_o doubt_v but_o there_o be_v strong_a reason_n though_o i_o know_v they_o not_o why_o our_o european_a general_n for_o most_o part_n have_v abandon_v the_o use_n of_o the_o lance_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v but_o it_o have_v be_v a_o serviceable_a weapon_n 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command_v their_o horseman_n to_o wear_v coat_n above_o their_o armour_n these_o coat_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o he_o or_o they_o who_o wear_v they_o be_v fine_a rich_a and_o glister_a and_o be_v ordinary_o call_v coat_n of_o arms._n the_o grecian_n call_v they_o ephaestry_n and_o the_o roman_n chlamides_n but_o now_o since_o few_o man_n be_v arm_v for_o the_o defensive_a few_o need_v coat_n of_o arms._n the_o ancient_n make_v use_v of_o bow_n and_o arrow_n on_o horseback_n and_o so_o in_o late_a horseback_n archer_n on_o horseback_n time_n have_v the_o walacbians_n and_o transylvanian_n and_o so_o do_v the_o french_a till_o the_o practice_n of_o hand_n gun_n make_v they_o useless_a and_o yet_o with_o they_o horseman_n arm_v with_o pistol_n be_v still_o call_v archer_n a_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o french_a archer_n who_o attend_v the_o gens_n d'armes_fw-fr carry_v in_o their_o hand_n a_o half_a lance_n and_o one_o pistol_n at_o their_o saddle_n and_o a_o sword_n arms._n french_a arms._n at_o their_o side_n the_o arm_n of_o the_o light_a horseman_n differ_v little_a from_o these_o the_o harquebusier_n have_v sword_n at_o their_o side_n and_o harquebuse_n at_o their_o saddle_n the_o barrel_n whereof_o be_v three_o foot_n long_o about_o seventy_o year_n ago_o the_o estate_n of_o holland_n order_v these_o horseman_n who_o they_o call_v carabiner_n to_o carry_v horse_n hollander_n arm_n for_o horse_n each_o of_o they_o a_o piece_n three_o foot_n long_o and_o their_o other_o horseman_n pistol_n at_o their_o saddle_n the_o barrel_n whereof_o be_v two_o foot_n long_o general_o now_o all_o horseman_n whether_o câ—â—rassiers_n or_o harquebusier_n carry_v sword_n at_o their_o side_n and_o a_o case_n of_o pistol_n at_o their_o saddle_n and_o these_o be_v most_o all_o their_o offensive_a weapon_n except_o that_o some_o carry_v carabine_n some_o whereof_z have_v barrel_n of_o four_o foot_n long_o but_o ordinary_o only_a three_o the_o pistol_n be_v invent_v 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austria_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n danube_n expect_v the_o come_n of_o sultan_n soliman_n the_o christian_a infantry_n consist_v of_o eighty_o thousand_o sixty_o thousand_o whereof_o be_v pikeman_n or_o those_o who_o carry_v long_a staff_n and_o twenty_o thousand_o be_v harquebussier_n among_o the_o heavy_a arm_v the_o bohemians_n be_v observe_v to_o carry_v javelin_n at_o the_o one_o end_n of_o which_o be_v tie_v fast_o a_o mace_n of_o iron_n it_o be_v tie_v with_o a_o short_a chain_n of_o iron_n the_o mace_n be_v one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o wherewith_o say_v paolo_n giovio_n these_o bohemian_o can_v give_v so_o strong_a blow_n that_o they_o can_v fell_v man_n arms._n bohemian_n offensive_a arms._n though_o in_o never_o so_o strong_a armour_n stark_o dead_a our_o author_n be_v a_o eye-witness_n but_o the_o turk_n be_v wise_a at_o that_o time_n than_o to_o come_v within_o their_o reach_n for_o soliman_n march_v back_o now_o room_n for_o the_o musket_n and_o room_n it_o have_v large_o get_v for_o it_o have_v banish_v from_o the_o light_a arm_a foot_n dart_n sling_n long-bow_n crossbow_n harquebus_n musket_n banish_v the_o harquebus_n and_o the_o harquebuse_n too_o our_o present_a militia_n acknowledge_v no_o other_o weapon_n for_o the_o light_a arm_a infantry_n but_o the_o musket_n and_o the_o sword_n and_o this_o last_o i_o have_v see_v sometime_o lay_v aside_o for_o a_o time_n that_o it_o may_v not_o impede_fw-la the_o manage_n the_o musket_n by_o its_o embarras_n and_o indeed_o when_o musketeer_n have_v spend_v their_o powder_n and_o come_v to_o blow_n the_o butt-end_n of_o their_o musket_n may_v do_v a_o enemy_n more_o hurt_v than_o these_o despicable_a sword_n which_o most_o musketeer_n wear_v at_o their_o side_n in_o such_o medley_n knife_n who_o blade_n be_v one_o foot_n long_o make_v both_o for_o cut_v and_o thrust_v the_o haft_n be_v make_v to_o fill_v the_o bore_n of_o the_o musket_n will_v do_v more_o execution_n than_o either_o sword_n or_o butt_n of_o musket_n most_o think_v that_o this_o hand-gun_n of_o a_o musket_n be_v never_o use_v till_o the_o siege_n of_o use_v when_o first_o use_v rhegium_n in_o the_o year_n 1520_o little_o more_o than_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n ago_o and_o i_o doubt_v much_o if_o it_o be_v so_o old_a and_o assure_o if_o it_o be_v it_o have_v spend_v forty_o year_n of_o its_o age_n before_o it_o learn_v to_o speak_v for_o about_o the_o year_n 1560_o some_o musket_n be_v mix_v with_o harquebuse_n and_o but_o a_o few_o of_o they_o too_o till_o practise_v make_v they_o so_o numerous_a that_o no_o other_o gun_n be_v use_v by_o the_o foot_n the_o long_a a_o length_n it_o be_v length_n musket_n be_v so_o it_o be_v manageable_a the_o better_a for_o she_o shoot_v the_o further_o and_o the_o strong_a her_o chamber_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v the_o more_o powder_n and_o experience_n daily_o teach_v what_o advantage_n a_o long_a musket_n have_v of_o a_o short_a one_o fifty_o year_n ago_o the_o calibre_n of_o the_o musket_n be_v ordain_v by_o most_o prince_n particular_o by_o the_o estate_n of_o holland_n to_o receive_v a_o bullet_n whereof_o ten_o be_v to_o be_v cast_v of_o one_o pound_n of_o lead_n that_o have_v not_o be_v think_v convenient_a since_o and_o therefore_o most_o allow_v twelve_o ball_n of_o one_o pound_n of_o lead_n for_o a_o musket_n in_o the_o year_n 1657_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n agree_v with_o five_o colonel_n of_o we_o to_o furnish_v our_o regiment_n with_o musket_n of_o a_o bear_v to_o receive_v a_o ball_n whereof_o fourteen_o shall_v go_v to_o one_o boar_n it_o be_v boar_n pound_n of_o lead_n i_o confess_v this_o bore_n be_v too_o small_a for_o a_o musket_n a_o musket_n require_v the_o half_a weight_n of_o her_o ball_n in_o fine_a powder_n and_o two_o three_o of_o common_a powder_n that_o be_v one_o pound_n of_o fine_a powder_n to_o two_o pound_n of_o lead_n and_o two_o powder_n it_o be_v charge_n of_o powder_n pound_n of_o ordinary_a powder_n for_o three_o pound_n of_o lead_n musket-rests_a be_v use_v a_o long_a time_n and_o in_o some_o place_n be_v yet_o to_o ease_v the_o musketeer_n in_o discharge_v their_o gun_n and_o when_o they_o stand_v centinel_n but_o in_o the_o out_o musket-rests_a be_v wear_v out_o late_a expedition_n in_o most_o place_n of_o christendom_n they_o have_v be_v find_v more_o troublesome_a than_o helpful_a a_o musketeer_n in_o any_o sudden_a occasion_n not_o be_v well_o able_a to_o do_v his_o duty_n with_o musket_n sword_n and_o rest_v especial_o if_o you_o give_v he_o a_o swedish_n feather_n to_o manage_v with_o they_o bockler_n the_o engineer_n speak_v of_o a_o instrument_n that_o may_v serve_v for_o both_o rest_n and_o feather_n and_o such_o perhaps_o will_v be_v very_o useful_a and_o convenient_a he_o will_v have_v it_o at_o the_o top_n as_o all_o rest_n be_v like_o a_o fork_n pallisado_n a_o instrument_n both_o a_o rest_n and_o a_o pallisado_n on_o the_o one_o side_n whereof_o he_o 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every_o company_n of_o foot_n d'en_o pasvolants_n whereof_o six_o belong_v to_o the_o captain_n two_o for_o the_o lieutenant_n and_o two_o for_o the_o ensign_n every_o one_o of_o these_o have_v the_o allowance_n of_o half_a a_o rixdollar_n every_o ten_o day_n but_o this_o custom_n wear_v out_o and_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o it_o because_o many_o captain_n notwithstanding_o that_o indulgence_n endeavour_v still_o to_o keep_v void_a place_n in_o their_o company_n as_o a_o mean_a to_o make_v their_o purse_n full_a these_o muster-master_n by_o the_o dutch_a dane_n and_o swede_n be_v call_v commissary_n commissary_n commissary_n over_o who_o the_o commissary_n general_n of_o the_o army_n have_v the_o superintendance_n this_o difference_n there_o be_v that_o those_o commissary_n keep_v the_o purse_n and_o so_o be_v paymaster_n but_o our_o muster-master_n be_v not_o so_o the_o pay_v belong_v to_o our_o treasurer_n as_o among_o the_o roman_n it_o belong_v to_o the_o questor_n they_o have_v 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these_o article_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n be_v that_o most_o man_n who_o follow_v the_o war_n over_o all_o the_o world_n receive_v wage_n they_o just_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o mercenary_n but_o if_o you_o will_v consider_v how_o their_o wage_n be_v pay_v i_o suppose_v you_o will_v rather_o think_v they_o voluntary_n at_o least_o very_a generous_a for_o do_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o service_n for_o nothing_o it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o swisser_n that_o they_o will_v not_o fight_v unless_o they_o be_v pay_v due_o if_o other_o nation_n be_v of_o their_o humour_n prince_n and_o state_n will_v be_v necessitate_v to_o agree_v better_a than_o they_o do_v because_o seldom_o will_v their_o army_n fight_v for_o they_o because_o seldom_o they_o be_v pay_v by_o they_o the_o baptist_n insinuate_v that_o soldier_n shall_v be_v pay_v their_o wage_n because_o he_o bid_v they_o be_v content_v with_o their_o wage_n and_o do_v violence_n to_o no_o man_n but_o few_o or_o no_o evangelic_n precept_n be_v obey_v and_o this_o as_o little_a as_o any_o soldier_n get_v not_o their_o wage_n and_o violence_n be_v do_v to_o many_o man_n at_o the_o first_o view_n it_o will_v seem_v strange_a why_o prince_n pay_v their_o soldiery_n very_o well_o and_o due_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n when_o they_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o do_v with_o they_o and_o very_o ill_a and_o very_a seldom_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o they_o have_v most_o to_o do_v with_o they_o but_o the_o reason_n be_v soon_o find_v they_o need_v far_o great_a number_n in_o time_n of_o war_n than_o peace_n and_o many_o be_v not_o pay_v with_o so_o little_a money_n as_o a_o few_o be_v in_o the_o war_n of_o europe_n these_o last_o fourscore_o year_n and_o upward_o wherein_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v free_a except_o in_o the_o late_a unhappy_a civil_a war_n we_o find_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v pay_v their_o army_n better_a than_o any_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n this_o make_v the_o mercenary_a soldier_n run_v to_o their_o service_n and_o capacitates_fw-la they_o to_o make_v great_a levy_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o bad_a payment_n of_o the_o spaniard_n appear_v when_o their_o king_n stand_v most_o in_o need_n of_o their_o service_n seventy_o pay_v army_n universal_o ill_o pay_v year_n ago_o and_o a_o little_a upward_o and_o many_o time_n since_o for_o that_o give_v a_o rise_n to_o those_o terrible_a mutiny_n in_o which_o they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o town_n and_o treat_v with_o their_o general_n and_o superior_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v free_a estate_n this_o incapacitate_v the_o spanish_a minister_n to_o prosecute_v the_o war_n against_o the_o new_a estate_n in_o which_o time_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o either_o they_o or_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n be_v idle_a spectator_n the_o most_o considerable_a army_n the_o sweed_n have_v in_o the_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o victorious_a king_n gustavus_n adolphus_n lay_v idle_a at_o donaverth_n lose_v the_o time_n of_o action_n and_o treat_v for_o their_o pay_n boccalini_n inform_v we_o that_o once_o the_o gardiner_n complain_v to_o apollo_n that_o they_o râ—ggâ—aglâ—_n boccalini_n his_o râ—ggâ—aglâ—_n have_v no_o instrument_n to_o make_v all_o the_o weed_n of_o their_o garden_n run_v and_o dance_v after_o they_o as_o prince_n and_o free_a state_n who_o can_v make_v all_o the_o idle_a and_o unprofitable_a member_n of_o their_o principality_n go_v out_o of_o the_o garden_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n with_o the_o rattle_n of_o a_o drum_n and_o the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n but_o i_o think_v prince_n and_o state_n be_v to_o be_v much_o more_o admire_a for_o another_o secret_a art_n of_o their_o own_o whereby_o they_o get_v these_o drone_n to_o do_v they_o both_o laborious_a and_o hazardous_a service_n for_o very_o little_a money_n and_o at_o a_o low_a expense_n the_o pay_n and_o wages_n for_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o both_o horse_n and_o foot_n be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o establishment_n of_o several_a prince_n and_o state_n i_o shall_v speak_v a_o little_a of_o some_o of_o they_o for_o to_o speak_v of_o all_o though_o i_o can_v be_v needless_a the_o german_a emperor_n establishment_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o long_a war_n be_v pay_n german_n emperor_n his_o pay_n fair_a enough_o for_o there_o be_v promise_v to_o every_o colonel_n of_o horse_n 300_o dollar_n to_o a_o lieutenant-colonel_n one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o to_o a_o major_n one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o to_o a_o ritmaster_n one_o hundred_o to_o a_o lieutenant_n sixty_o to_o a_o cornet_n fifty_o beside_o allowance_n of_o fodderage_n for_o so_o many_o horse_n proportionable_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n monthly_a to_o a_o quartermaster_n twenty_o four_o dollar_n to_o a_o corporal_n twenty_o two_o to_o a_o clerk_n fifteen_o to_o a_o trumpeter_n as_o much_o and_o to_o a_o einspanneer_n or_o trooper_n twelve_o the_o pay_n for_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o foot_n be_v much_o less_o but_o they_o get_v not_o three_o month_n pay_v of_o twelve_o in_o a_o whole_a year_n but_o bockler_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1658._o at_o frankford_n on_o the_o main_n 1658._o pay_v of_o the_o confederated_a german_a prince_n an._n 1658._o the_o elector_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o have_v join_v in_o a_o league_n whereof_o there_o be_v many_o make_v in_o that_o country_n have_v unanimous_o agree_v upon_o a_o pay_n to_o be_v give_v to_o their_o force_n so_o long_o as_o the_o league_n continue_v most_o of_o their_o league_n be_v break_v in_o short_a time_n than_o they_o be_v a_o make_n and_o it_o be_v this_o a_o ritmaster_n be_v to_o have_v for_o himself_o every_o month_n sixty_o dollar_n and_o allowance_n for_o six_o
fit_a captain_n general_n than_o he_o who_o be_v near_a in_o blood_n to_o herself_o for_o he_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o represent_v the_o sovereign_a power_n who_o be_v next_o to_o it_o i_o confess_v queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n do_v not_o so_o and_o yet_o be_v fortunate_a in_o all_o her_o war_n answer_v answer_v she_o have_v very_o gallant_a and_o loyal_a subject_n neither_o be_v it_o in_o her_o power_n to_o make_v that_o choice_n i_o speak_v of_o because_o he_o who_o be_v next_o to_o she_o in_o blood_n be_v a_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o another_o kingdom_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n manage_v her_o german_a war_n fortunate_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o several_a brave_a captain_n who_o be_v not_o of_o the_o blood_n i_o shall_v answer_v it_o be_v true_a yet_o for_o all_o that_o i_o aver_v that_o all_o of_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o in_o sixteen_o year_n time_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gustavus_n as_o he_o do_v alone_o in_o the_o 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long_o fear_v of_o a_o common_a enemy_n teach_v they_o to_o compose_v their_o animosity_n for_o nothing_o make_v a_o society_n more_o faithful_a than_o fear_n of_o one_o who_o hate_v all_o of_o they_o when_o they_o join_v unanimous_o at_o their_o general_a meeting_n and_o prosecute_v the_o result_v of_o their_o counsel_n they_o be_v formidable_a and_o when_o they_o make_v a_o general_n of_o their_o force_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o their_o own_o service_n or_o that_o of_o foreign_a prince_n for_o very_o mercenary_a they_o be_v it_o be_v but_o for_o one_o expedition_n or_o for_o one_o piece_n of_o service_n which_o be_v end_v his_o command_n be_v at_o a_o end_n likewise_o and_o so_o they_o need_v not_o be_v jealous_a of_o he_o or_o of_o any_o that_o succeed_v he_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o manage_v the_o long_a province_n â—â—ited_a province_n war_n they_o have_v with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o four_o prince_n of_o orange_n successive_o one_o after_o another_o neither_o need_v they_o ever_o fear_v the_o usurpation_n of_o any_o of_o they_o for_o though_o their_o power_n be_v almost_o unlimited_a yet_o it_o can_v not_o tempt_v those_o prince_n who_o be_v so_o eminent_a for_o virtue_n to_o who_o goodness_n magnanimity_n justice_n and_o fortunate_a conduct_n these_o estate_n under_o god_n owe_v their_o freedom_n yet_o be_v they_o jealous_a of_o the_o late_a prince_n but_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v now_o desirous_a to_o witness_v their_o gratitude_n to_o that_o illustrious_a family_n by_o make_v this_o present_a prince_n their_o captain_n general_n how_o remediless_a this_o inward_a disease_n be_v in_o all_o free_a state_n that_o they_o must_v intrust_v lacedaemon_n free_a state_n usurp_v by_o their_o captain_n general_n lacedaemon_n their_o militia_n to_o one_o or_o two_o person_n the_o ruin_n of_o some_o commonwealth_n make_v it_o manifest_a lacedaemon_n several_a time_n be_v like_a to_o lose_v her_o liberty_n by_o some_o of_o her_o king_n who_o be_v nothing_o but_o her_o captain_n general_n and_o at_o last_o they_o lose_v it_o under_o the_o tyrant_n nabis_n the_o fear_n of_o usurpation_n make_v athens_n commit_v a_o inexcusable_a folly_n or_o rather_o a_o madness_n in_o their_o ostracism_n whereby_o the_o people_n banish_v the_o best_a qualify_v of_o their_o citizen_n rome_n for_o all_o her_o wariness_n in_o entrust_v her_o rome_n rome_n army_n to_o annual_a consul_n miss_v but_o little_a to_o lose_v her_o freedom_n in_o the_o dictatorship_n of_o bloody_a sylla_n and_o scarce_o have_v she_o recover_v it_o after_o his_o death_n when_o she_o be_v robe_v of_o it_o for_o ever_o by_o julius_n caesar_n castruccio_n castraâ—ani_n usurp_v the_o republic_n of_o luca_n and_o so_o have_v some_o other_o petty_a free_a state_n of_o italy_n be_v use_v luca._n luca._n how_o that_o hodge_n podg_v of_o oligarchie_n tyranny_n and_o anarchy_n the_o long_a black_a england_n oligarchie_n of_o 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