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niu_fw-mi no_o now_o novi_fw-la noum_fw-la novon_n nun_n o_o ou_fw-fr pa_n paï_n pam_fw-la pan_n pao_fw-la pe_fw-es peou_fw-mi pi_fw-la piao_fw-la pié_fw-fr pien_fw-fr pim_fw-la pin_n po_fw-la poi_fw-fr pou_fw-fr poven_fw-la poum_fw-la povon_n qua_fw-la quoué_fw-fr quovai_fw-fr quovam_fw-la quoveï_n quoven_fw-la qovo_fw-la qovon_n sa_fw-fr saï_n same_o san_fw-it sao_fw-it sé_fw-fr sem_fw-mi sen_fw-mi seou_fw-mi si_fw-la siam_fw-la siao_fw-la sié_fw-fr sien_fw-fr siéou_fw-fr sim_fw-la sin_n sio_fw-la siou_n siuè_fw-fr suien_v siun_z so_o sou_n siu_fw-la sovi_fw-la su_fw-es soum_fw-la sun_n sovon_n ta_o taï_n tam_fw-la tan_o tao_fw-la te_fw-la tem_fw-la teou_fw-mi ti_fw-mi tiao_fw-mi tie_v tien_n tieou_fw-mi tim_fw-la to_z thou_fw-mi touï_n toum_fw-la tun_n tovon_n tsa_fw-la tsaï_n tsam_fw-la tsan_fw-la tlao_o tle_a tlem_n tléou_fw-mi tsi_fw-la tsiam_fw-la tsiao_fw-la tsié_fw-fr tsien_fw-fr tsieou_fw-mi tsim_fw-la tsin_v tho_o thu_fw-mi thué_fw-fr â—â—uen_n thoum_fw-la thou_o tso_n tsou_fw-fr tsu_fw-fr tsui_fw-fr tsoum_fw-la tsin_v tsovon_n tcha_fw-mi tchaï_n tcham_n thcan_fw-it tchao_fw-it tché_fw-it tchen_fw-mi tcheou_fw-mi tchi_fw-it tchim_a tchin_n tcho_n tchova_n tchovam_fw-la tchu_o tchouâ—_n tchoven_fw-la tchouè_fw-fr tchoum_fw-la tchun_v üa_fw-fr va_fw-fr vaï_n vam_fw-la van_n when_fw-mi ve_fw-la vi_fw-mi vo_z von_fw-mi vou_fw-fr voum_fw-la oum_fw-la 328._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr place_n this_o between_o fol._n 180_o and_o 181._o the_o present_a state_n of_o china_n a_o letter_n to_o my_o lord_n pontchartrain_n secretary_n of_o state_n to_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n the_o voyage_n from_o siam_n to_o pekin_n my_o lord_n though_o man_n general_o take_v no_o little_a pride_n in_o recount_v their_o travel_n and_o that_o of_o china_n be_v the_o most_o entertain_v to_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n i_o can_v never_o yet_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o thought_n of_o write_v a_o formal_a 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their_o governor_n be_v the_o great_a mean_n of_o preserve_a quietness_n in_o their_o family_n and_o peace_n in_o their_o town_n i_o be_o persuade_v that_o all_o the_o good_a order_n in_o which_o we_o see_v so_o mighty_a a_o people_n flow_v from_o these_o two_o spring_n the_o three_o principle_n of_o morality_n establish_v among_o they_o be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a that_o all_o people_n shall_v observe_v towards_o each_o other_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o modesty_n and_o civility_n that_o they_o shall_v behave_v themselves_o so_o oblige_o and_o complaisant_o that_o all_o their_o action_n may_v have_v a_o mixture_n of_o sweetness_n and_o courtesy_n in_o they_o this_o say_v they_o be_v that_o which_o make_v the_o distinction_n between_o man_n and_o beast_n or_o between_o the_o chinese_n and_o other_o man_n they_o pretend_v also_o that_o the_o disturbance_n of_o several_a kingdom_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o rough_a and_o unpolished_a temper_n of_o their_o subject_n for_o 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slight_a fault_n their_o punishment_n be_v adequate_a to_o their_o demerit_n the_o usual_a punishment_n be_v the_o bastinado_n on_o the_o back_n when_o they_o receive_v but_o forty_o or_o fifty_o blow_n they_o call_v this_o a_o fatherly_a correction_n to_o which_o as_o well_o mandarin_n as_o other_o be_v subject_a this_o punishment_n be_v not_o account_v very_o scandalous_a and_o after_o it_o be_v execute_v the_o criminal_a must_v fall_v on_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o judge_n and_o if_o able_a bow_n three_o time_n down_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o give_v he_o humble_a thanks_o for_o take_v this_o care_n of_o his_o education_n yet_o this_o punishment_n be_v of_o that_o violence_n that_o one_o stroke_n be_v enough_o to_o fall_v one_o that_o be_v of_o a_o tender_a constitution_n and_o ofttimes_o person_n die_v of_o it_o it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v way_n of_o soften_a this_o punishment_n when_o the_o execution_n of_o it_o be_v in_o court_n the_o easy_a be_v to_o bribe_v the_o 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by_o the_o blow_n of_o the_o cudgel_n by_o such_o a_o trick_n as_o this_o yam-quam_a sien_n a_o famous_a persecutor_n of_o christianity_n escape_v the_o just_a sentence_n of_o the_o judge_n he_o engage_v a_o paltry_a fellow_n for_o a_o large_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o his_o name_n and_o go_v to_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o his_o stead_n he_o tell_v he_o that_o let_v it_o come_v to_o the_o worst_a it_o be_v but_o a_o good_a cudgel_n and_o if_o after_o that_o he_o be_v imprison_v there_o shall_v be_v find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o redeem_v he_o thence_o the_o poor_a fellow_n go_v according_a to_o agreement_n and_o when_o the_o crier_n call_v out_o aloud_o yam_n quam_fw-la sien_fw-fr the_o fellow_n answer_v as_o loud_o here_o his_o sentence_n be_v pass_v and_o the_o mandarin_n condemn_v he_o to_o death_n the_o officer_n who_o have_v be_v bribe_v seize_v on_o he_o immediate_o and_o according_a to_o custom_n gag_v he_o for_o after_o sentence_n the_o criminal_a be_v 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trade_n lie_v within_o themselves_o from_o one_o province_n to_o another_o which_o like_o so_o many_o kingdom_n communicate_v to_o each_o other_o their_o riches_n that_o of_o houquam_fw-la send_v rice_n that_o of_o canton_n sugar_n from_o chequiam_fw-la come_v good_a silk_n from_o nankin_n neat_a and_o handsome_a piece_n of_o workmanship_n chensi_fw-la and_o chansi_fw-la be_v rich_a in_o iron_n horse_n mule_n camel_n and_o fur_n tokiem_n yield_v tea_n leautom_n drug_n and_o so_o the_o rest_n this_o mutual_a commerce_n unite_v the_o people_n and_o fill_v their_o town_n with_o plenty_n these_o my_o lord_n be_v not_o all_o the_o chinese_n maxim_n there_o be_v a_o world_n of_o other_o but_o i_o have_v write_v down_o these_o as_o the_o most_o know_a and_o most_o essential_a one_o for_o the_o public_a good_n good_a order_n in_o the_o inferior_a government_n be_v as_o useful_a a_o part_n
monster_n and_o other_o emperor_n about_o that_o time_n have_v discover_v by_o their_o action_n a_o good_a sense_n of_o religion_n vouvam_a the_o first_o of_o the_o three_o line_n do_v himself_o according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n offer_v sacrifice_n and_o his_o brother_n who_o bear_v he_o a_o passionate_a love_n and_o think_v his_o life_n still_o necessary_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n see_v he_o one_o day_n in_o danger_n of_o die_v prostrate_v himself_o before_o the_o divine_a majesty_n to_o beg_v his_o recovery_n it_o be_v you_o o_o lord_n say_v he_o who_o have_v give_v he_o to_o his_o people_n he_o be_v our_o father_n he_o be_v our_o master_n if_o we_o fall_v into_o any_o disorder_n who_o can_v set_v we_o to_o right_n again_o so_o well_o as_o he_o and_o if_o we_o follow_v exact_o what_o thou_o have_v inspire_v he_o to_o teach_v we_o why_o punish_v thou_o we_o by_o take_v he_o as_o for_o i_o o_o lord_n continue_v the_o good_a prince_n i_o can_v be_v but_o little_a serviceable_a in_o this_o world_n if_o you_o desire_v the_o death_n of_o a_o prince_n i_o offer_v up_o my_o life_n with_o all_o my_o heart_n for_o a_o sacrifice_n if_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o spare_v my_o master_n my_o king_n and_o my_o brother_n the_o history_n say_v his_o prayer_n be_v hear_v for_o he_o die_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v put_v up_o this_o petition_n a_o example_n which_o demonstrate_v that_o not_o only_o the_o tenor_n of_o religion_n be_v preserve_v among_o those_o people_n but_o far_a that_o they_o follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o the_o pure_a charity_n which_o be_v the_o very_a quintessence_n and_o perfection_n of_o religion_n but_o tchim-vam_a his_o son_n and_o successor_n give_v such_o bright_a mark_n of_o his_o piety_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o life_n that_o it_o leave_v we_o no_o room_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o i_o have_v advance_v you_o shall_v hear_v what_o the_o ancient_a chinese_n book_n say_v of_o he_o this_o prince_n say_v they_o who_o have_v always_o regulate_v his_o behaviour_n according_a the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o supreme_a governor_n of_o heaven_n fall_v dangerous_o ill_a in_o the_o fifty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n and_o thirty_o seven_o of_o his_o reign_n when_o he_o know_v the_o danger_n he_o be_v in_o he_o call_v together_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n with_o a_o design_n to_o nominate_v his_o successor_n and_o that_o he_o may_v omit_v nothing_o which_o be_v usual_o perform_v on_o such_o occasion_n he_o arise_v from_o his_o throne_n where_o he_o have_v order_v his_o servant_n to_o set_v he_o he_o make_v they_o wash_v his_o hand_n and_o face_n clothe_v he_o with_o his_o imperial_a habit_n and_o put_v his_o crown_n on_o his_o head_n and_o then_o lean_v on_o a_o table_n of_o precious_a stone_n he_o speak_v to_o the_o company_n in_o this_o manner_n my_o sickness_n be_v every_o day_n worse_o and_o worse_o for_o thus_o have_v heaven_n ordain_v i_o fear_v death_n will_v seize_v upon_o i_o and_o therefore_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o acquaint_v you_o with_o my_o last_o will._n you_o know_v how_o great_a the_o reputation_n of_o my_o father_n and_o grandfather_n be_v and_o how_o bright_a the_o example_n of_o virtue_n which_o they_o set_v the_o empire_n do_v appear_v i_o be_v very_o unworthy_a to_o fill_v the_o place_n in_o which_o these_o great_a man_n sit_v notwithstanding_o i_o do_v succeed_v they_o i_o do_v nevertheless_o acknowledge_v my_o ignorance_n and_o unfitness_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n perhaps_o that_o heaven_n have_v shorten_v the_o day_n of_o my_o reign_n i_o ought_v in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n to_o acquiesce_v for_o you_o have_v all_o see_v that_o i_o have_v hitherto_o receive_v its_o order_n with_o a_o humble_a fear_n and_o a_o profound_a respect_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o follow_v they_o without_o ever_o deviate_a from_o they_o the_o least_o in_o the_o world_n i_o have_v also_o all_o my_o life_n time_n have_v in_o my_o heart_n my_o ancestor_n instruction_n touch_v my_o duty_n to_o heaven_n and_o to_o my_o people_n on_o these_o two_o head_n i_o can_v accuse_v myself_o of_o any_o fault_n and_o if_o my_o life_n have_v have_v any_o reputation_n it_o be_v all_o owe_v to_o that_o teachableness_n which_o have_v bring_v down_o upon_o i_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o sovereign_a master_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v on_o your_o account_n that_o i_o speak_v this_o address_v himself_o to_o his_o elder_a son_n it_o be_v on_o your_o account_n o_o my_o son_n be_v you_o the_o inheritor_n of_o your_o ancestor_n virtue_n rather_o than_o of_o my_o power_n and_o crown_n i_o make_v you_o a_o king_n it_o be_v all_o that_o you_o can_v have_v of_o i_o be_v a_o wise_a virtuous_a and_o unblameable_a prince_n this_o i_o command_v you_o and_o the_o whole_a empire_n expect_v from_o you_o under_o the_o reign_v of_o this_o prince_n and_o his_o son_n cam-vam_a it_o be_v that_o peace_n honesty_n and_o justice_n reign_v in_o china_n so_o that_o they_o ofttimes_o send_v their_o prisoner_n to_o dig_v or_o plough_v the_o ground_n or_o get_v in_o the_o corn_n without_o think_v that_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n will_v make_v they_o run_v away_o after_o harvest_n they_o come_v again_o to_o receive_v that_o punishment_n of_o their_o fault_n which_o the_o mandarin_n have_v appoint_v last_o if_o we_o examine_v well_o the_o history_n of_o china_n we_o shall_v still_o find_v that_o for_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o that_o be_v to_o say_v down_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n yeou-vam_a who_o reign_v eight_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n idolatry_n have_v not_o corrupt_v this_o people_n so_o that_o they_o have_v preserve_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a god_n for_o near_o two_o thousand_o year_n and_o do_v honour_v their_o maker_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o may_v serve_v both_o for_o a_o example_n and_o instruction_n to_o christian_n themselves_o they_o have_v all_o along_o a_o 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the_o name_n by_o which_o they_o call_v god_n himself_o and_o signify_v supreme_a emperor_n this_o piece_n of_o impiety_n give_v the_o kill_a blow_n to_o the_o ancient_a religion_n for_o till_o then_o the_o chinese_n as_o much_o idolater_n as_o they_o be_v do_v always_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o cham_n ti_fw-mi and_o the_o other_o go_n but_o by_o a_o just_a judgement_n from_o god_n the_o family_n of_o that_o prince_n be_v extinct_a and_o the_o empire_n which_o have_v hitherto_o observe_v its_o own_o rule_n of_o government_n be_v the_o first_o time_n force_v to_o submit_v to_o those_o of_o the_o western_a tartar_n this_o a_o famous_a colao_n kiâ—ou-kiouâ—chan_a who_o print_a a_o book_n can_v not_o but_o acknowledge_v in_o this_o time_n say_v he_o the_o emperor_n hoei_n tçoum_n do_v against_o all_o manner_n of_o reason_n give_v the_o attribute_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n to_o a_o man._n this_o most_o powerful_a and_o adorable_a god_n above_o all_o the_o spirit_n in_o 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out_o of_o the_o chaos_n like_v so_o many_o star_n to_o shed_v forth_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n unto_o the_o most_o hide_a part_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n accompany_v their_o preach_v with_o sign_n and_o wonder_n among_o those_o extraordinary_a man_n father_n father_n a_o frenchman_n distinguish_v himself_o above_o the_o rest_n i_o have_v the_o happiness_n to_o tarry_v some_o time_n in_o that_o province_n which_o be_v allot_v to_o his_o care_n and_o i_o have_v after_o so_o many_o year_n find_v the_o precious_a remain_v there_o which_o be_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o holiness_n those_o who_o be_v witness_n of_o his_o action_n tell_v to_o their_o child_n the_o miracle_n which_o he_o wrought_v to_o confirm_v they_o in_o their_o faith_n and_o although_o one_o need_v not_o believe_v all_o which_o they_o relate_v of_o he_o we_o can_v nevertheless_o deny_v that_o god_n do_v in_o many_o occasion_n give_v a_o extraordinary_a concurrence_n in_o several_a great_a thing_n 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say_v the_o admiration_n even_o of_o the_o idolater_n while_o christianity_n spread_v its_o root_n deep_a throughout_o the_o province_n it_o flourish_v every_o day_n more_o and_o more_o at_o pekin_n the_o emperor_n do_v not_o seem_v far_o from_o it_o he_o come_v often_o to_o our_o church_n and_o do_v there_o adore_v the_o divine_a majesty_n in_o such_o a_o humble_a manner_n as_o will_v have_v be_v commendable_a in_o a_o christian_n there_o be_v still_a write_n from_o his_o own_o hand_n wherein_o he_o acknowledge_v the_o beauty_n and_o the_o purity_n of_o our_o holy_a law_n but_o a_o heart_n set_v upon_o sensual_a pleasure_n can_v never_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o spirit_n when_o father_n adam_n have_v be_v press_v upon_o he_o you_o be_v say_v he_o in_o the_o right_n but_o how_o can_v you_o expect_v that_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o practice_v all_o these_o law_n take_v away_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o difficult_a and_o after_o that_o perhaps_o we_o may_v 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