of_o their_o office_n before_o he_o declare_v public_o that_o they_o will_v no_o long_o serve_v in_o their_o place_n and_o the_o more_o bold_o they_o throw_v they_o down_o if_o the_o emperor_n design_n any_o thing_n which_o they_o fear_v may_v prove_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o hearken_v to_o they_o it_o happen_v some_o year_n since_o that_o the_o emperor_n vanlie_n who_o cloud_v all_o his_o achievement_n by_o his_o insatiable_o lustful_a desire_n for_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v a_o lawful_a son_n yet_o he_o will_v declare_v a_o bastard_n to_o be_v heir_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o peer_n and_o governor_n be_v against_o it_o say_v they_o will_v not_o suffer_v so_o base_a a_o election_n yet_o the_o emperor_n not_o regard_v their_o say_v all_o the_o magistrate_n that_o be_v in_o the_o city_n be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o two_o thousand_o go_v to_o the_o palace_n and_o force_v he_o against_o his_o will_n by_o lay_v off_o their_o livery_n to_o declare_v the_o lawful_a heir_n to_o be_v successor_n the_o like_a occasion_n happen_v anno_fw-la 1651._o for_o when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o guardian_n and_o uncle_n to_o the_o young_a emperor_n another_o tartar_n will_v govern_v allege_v that_o the_o emperor_n age_n be_v not_o fit_a for_o such_o a_o management_n all_o the_o governor_n lay_v down_o their_o badge_n whereby_o he_o be_v force_v to_o desist_v and_o in_o this_o manner_n a_o youth_n of_o sixteen_o year_n old_a call_v xunghi_n be_v the_o true_a heir_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n beside_o these_o magistrate_n or_o privy-councellor_n at_o the_o court_n there_o be_v several_a trigaut_n other_o office_n or_o council-chamber_n for_o divers_a business_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o honourable_a be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v hanlinyven_v into_o which_o none_o but_o learned_a doctor_n be_v admit_v those_o which_o be_v in_o this_o imperial_a office_n do_v nothing_o but_o read_v several_a book_n and_o may_v not_o trouble_v themselves_o with_o public_a concern_v when_o as_o nevertheless_o they_o exceed_v those_o that_o sit_v at_o the_o helm_n wherefore_o many_o endeavour_n great_o to_o get_v into_o their_o society_n their_o business_n be_v only_o to_o write_v the_o emperor_n letter_n annual_a chronicle_n and_o to_o make_v law_n and_o ordinance_n out_o of_o these_o be_v also_o choose_v the_o tutor_n for_o the_o emperor_n and_o prince_n in_o this_o society_n be_v several_a degree_n of_o honour_n which_o every_o one_o attain_v to_o by_o their_o writing_n a_o good_a style_n after_o which_o they_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o high_a preferment_n within_o the_o court_n none_o be_v choose_v to_o be_v of_o that_o most_o eminent_a office_n of_o colao_n but_o out_o of_o they_o those_o that_o be_v in_o this_o society_n make_v great_a advantage_n by_o write_a epistle_n and_o encomium_n of_o their_o friend_n nay_o every_o one_o account_v himself_o happy_a if_o he_o can_v but_o get_v they_o bestow_v great_a charge_n and_o trouble_v to_o that_o end_n for_o if_o they_o have_v but_o the_o name_n that_o they_o be_v make_v by_o they_o they_o be_v account_v excellent_a though_o never_o so_o bad_a last_o those_o that_o be_v of_o this_o society_n be_v chief_a councillor_n and_o judge_n in_o the_o examination_n of_o cause_n both_o divine_a and_o moral_a and_o be_v by_o the_o professor_n of_o science_n account_v master_n of_o literature_n beside_o all_o these_o court_n there_o be_v one_o supreme_a court_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a in_o semedo_fw-la the_o whole_a empire_n none_o can_v be_v receive_v into_o this_o unless_o they_o have_v be_v of_o the_o imperial_a society_n call_v hanlin_n or_o hanlinyven_v before_o mention_v and_o after_o they_o have_v a_o considerable_a time_n be_v in_o place_n of_o government_n and_o make_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o their_o mildness_n policy_n and_o prudence_n and_o that_o no_o letter_n of_o complaint_n have_v be_v set_v out_o against_o they_o this_o court_n consist_v of_o four_o or_o at_o most_o of_o six_o person_n which_o be_v call_v colaos_n and_o coglog_n the_o emperor_n vanlie_n grandfather_n to_o the_o emperor_n zunchin_n will_v never_o suffer_v more_o than_o one_o colao_n allege_v that_o the_o rest_n be_v needless_a the_o quality_n of_o colao_n to_o speak_v proper_o be_v no_o peculiar_a office_n because_o they_o take_v care_n of_o the_o general_a government_n of_o the_o state_n and_o be_v just_a like_o supreme_a judge_n of_o all_o court_n and_o dominion_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n though_o they_o be_v never_o all_o together_o but_o when_o they_o dispatch_v grand_a business_n for_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v not_o always_o present_a upon_o the_o conclude_a they_o be_v many_o time_n force_v to_o be_v in_o the_o palace_n to_o answer_v those_o petition_n which_o be_v hourly_o bring_v to_o the_o emperor_n this_o do_v they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o find_v out_o the_o emperor_n and_o inform_v he_o of_o their_o several_a result_v which_o have_v hear_v he_o do_v justice_n to_o the_o party_n and_o pronounce_v the_o ultimate_a sentence_n by_o either_o confirm_a or_o alter_v their_o conclusion_n these_o colaos_n be_v in_o the_o high_a esteem_n and_o above_o all_o the_o counsel_n or_o magistrate_n who_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n come_v and_o show_v reverence_n to_o they_o as_o their_o superior_n in_o a_o open_a hall_n the_o colaos_n during_o this_o ceremony_n stand_v up_o and_o all_o the_o officer_n according_a to_o their_o degree_n walk_v cross_v the_o hall_n come_v before_o they_o they_o turn_v about_o and_o bow_v their_o head_n down_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o ceremony_n be_v call_v quo_fw-la tham_fw-mi that_o be_v pass_v through_o the_o hall_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o colaos_n robe_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o magistrate_n for_o their_o girdle_n be_v beset_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o they_o call_v yuxe_n which_o none_o but_o colaos_n may_v wear_v in_o the_o whole_a empire_n nay_o they_o receive_v their_o order_n by_o the_o emperor_n be_v own_o hand_n as_o the_o knight_n among_o we_o their_o honour_n from_o the_o king_n himself_o father_n nicholas_n trigaut_n describe_v the_o colaos_n authority_n and_o office_n in_o the_o follow_a word_n beside_o these_o six_o court_n there_o be_v another_o the_o most_o eminent_a in_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o the_o emperor_n palace_n those_o which_o belong_v to_o it_o be_v call_v colaos_n and_o be_v general_o three_o or_o four_o in_o number_n and_o sometime_o six_o they_o have_v charge_n of_o no_o particular_a business_n but_o mind_n the_o general_n concern_v of_o the_o empire_n and_o sit_v in_o private_a consultation_n with_o the_o emperor_n daily_o in_o his_o palace_n and_o in_o regard_n the_o emperor_n at_o present_a do_v not_o appear_v in_o person_n at_o treaty_n of_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o he_o former_o use_v to_o dispatch_v they_o stay_v the_o whole_a day_n in_o the_o palace_n and_o answer_v petition_n which_o in_o great_a number_n be_v bring_v according_a as_o they_o think_v fit_a with_o which_o answer_n they_o go_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o regio_n nutu_fw-la by_o his_o beck_n either_o confirm_v or_o alter_v they_o thus_o far_o trigaut_n the_o like_a quality_n and_o office_n father_n martin_n ascribe_v to_o they_o in_o the_o follow_a sinensâ—…s_o word_n the_o six_o court_n viz._n lypu_n hupu_n pingpu_n cungpu_n hingpu_n be_v not_o concern_v in_o public_a matter_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n but_o only_o with_o private_a consultation_n for_o the_o governor_n make_v their_o request_n to_o the_o emperor_n by_o way_n of_o petition_n who_o have_v consider_v of_o the_o business_n send_v they_o to_o every_o court_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v the_o assistant_n whereof_o after_o serious_a consideration_n acquaint_v the_o emperor_n with_o their_o opinons_n in_o write_v which_o he_o then_o according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n sinic_n either_o vacate_n or_o affirm_v which_o that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o be_v able_a to_o do_v he_o choose_v some_o of_o the_o prime_a philosopher_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n for_o his_o assistant_n who_o be_v call_v colaos_n or_o caise_v that_o be_v assistant_n in_o government_n these_o be_v in_o the_o sinic_n next_o degree_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o aid_v he_o in_o dispatch_v of_o business_n consult_v with_o he_o in_o person_n as_o be_v his_o privy-council_n for_o he_o be_v seldom_o see_v by_o any_o other_o magistrate_n judge_n justices_z or_o councillor_n thus_o far_o martin_n those_o which_o the_o chineses_n call_v colao_n we_o if_o we_o observe_v the_o original_n of_o the_o name_n shall_v term_v assistant_n to_o the_o emperor_n partly_o for_o their_o honourable_a employment_n and_o partly_o as_o be_v next_o the_o emperor_n the_o prime_a governor_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n thus_o far_o of_o the_o general_a government_n and_o council_n or_o office_n of_o the_o realm_n which_o so_o
change_v to_o true_a and_o lawful_a succession_n by_o birth_n sometime_o it_o have_v happen_v though_o very_o seldom_o that_o the_o young_a son_n contrary_a both_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o realm_n be_v declare_v emperor_n either_o for_o his_o extraordinary_a valour_n or_o prudence_n as_o anno_fw-la 209._o before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n it_o happen_v to_o the_o emperor_n ulxi_n who_o after_o his_o father_n cin_n death_n be_v choose_v emperor_n in_o stead_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n fâ—…sa_n when_o the_o elder_a son_n have_v take_v possession_n of_o the_o throne_n the_o rest_n only_o boast_v of_o their_o princely_a alliance_n for_o they_o have_v not_o in_o the_o least_o any_o authority_n yet_o the_o emperor_n give_v they_o each_o a_o city_n to_o reside_v in_o with_o a_o magnificent_a palace_n attendant_n and_o revenue_n where_o they_o keep_v court_n in_o great_a state_n and_o be_v serve_v according_o yet_o have_v no_o command_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o have_v so_o much_o together_o as_o to_o enable_v they_o to_o raise_v a_o commotion_n the_o emperor_n allowance_n be_v pay_v they_o every_o three_o month_n and_o on_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o life_n they_o may_v not_o stir_v out_o of_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o city_n so_o design_v for_o their_o subsistence_n the_o empire_n have_v sometime_o also_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o woman_n for_o anno_fw-la 490._o siniâ—…_n before_o the_o nativity_n of_o christ_n the_o emperor_n lieupang'_v consort_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hoci_n her_o son_n govern_v the_o country_n eight_o year_n at_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a emperor_n thirteen_o contingency_n be_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d observe_v the_o first_o be_v the_o alteration_n of_o annual_a account_n for_o they_o begin_v to_o reckon_v from_o the_o inauguration_n of_o their_o new_a emperor_n which_o they_o use_v not_o only_o in_o common_a discourse_n but_o in_o their_o letter_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o write_n the_o emperor_n also_o give_v his_o name_n to_o that_o year_n in_o which_o he_o begin_v to_o reign_v for_o we_o must_v martin_n observe_v that_o all_o the_o year_n of_o any_o emperor_n reign_n when_o soever_o they_o die_v be_v reckon_v for_o whole_a year_n and_o so_o make_v his_o coronation_n the_o new-years-day_n that_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o year_n and_o yet_o though_o the_o chineses_n immediate_o and_o in_o the_o same_o year_n have_v another_o yet_o they_o still_o show_v honour_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o late_a emperor_n though_o dead_a till_o the_o year_n end_n do_v all_o thing_n in_o his_o name_n and_o likewise_o all_o edict_n and_o proclamation_n be_v seal_v and_o mark_v with_o the_o same_o signet_n as_o if_o he_o be_v still_o live_v but_o the_o successor_n give_v his_o name_n to_o the_o follow_a year_n the_o second_o they_o instant_o coin_n new_a money_n with_o the_o letter_n of_o his_o name_n semedâ—…_n which_o do_v not_o abate_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o old_a coyn._n the_o three_o his_o lawful_a wife_n be_v crown_v empress_n the_o four_o they_o give_v the_o name_n of_o queen_n to_o six_o of_o his_o concubine_n the_o five_o they_o make_v offering_n to_o the_o heaven_n earth_n and_o spirit_n the_o six_o they_o bestow_v great_a alm_n on_o the_o poor_a the_o seven_o all_o prisoner_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n the_o eight_o all_o the_o magistrate_n be_v noble_o treat_v the_o nine_o all_o the_o woman_n that_o be_v concubine_n before_o be_v put_v out_o of_o the_o palace_n the_o ten_o the_o seraglioe_n which_o be_v four_o in_o number_n be_v fill_v with_o fresh_a beauty_n fetch_v from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n during_o which_o time_n there_o be_v many_o marriage_n because_o every_o one_o seek_v to_o free_v his_o daughter_n from_o such_o a_o retire_a life_n the_o eleven_o person_n of_o quality_n if_o not_o all_o at_o least_o those_o of_o city_n either_o come_v themselves_o or_o send_v agent_n to_o show_v obedience_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o new_a emperor_n the_o twelve_o all_o officer_n from_o the_o vice-roys_n to_o the_o inferior_a governor_n of_o city_n go_v in_o person_n to_o the_o court_n to_o show_v the_o same_o obedience_n and_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o behalf_n of_o their_o town_n and_o province_n the_o thirteen_o be_v that_o the_o emperor_n change_v his_o own_o name_n as_o be_v beforementioned_a the_o reverence_n which_o the_o chineses_n ancient_o show_v to_o their_o king_n they_o perform_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o prostrate_v themselves_o to_o he_o bow_v down_o their_o body_n and_o look_v 4._o with_o their_o face_n to_o the_o north_n for_o they_o say_v that_o their_o king_n look_v always_o to_o the_o south_n for_o which_o reason_n all_o the_o gate_n of_o their_o palace_n door_n of_o chamber_n and_o all_o draw-bridge_n face_n the_o south_n from_o whence_o proceed_v a_o proverb_n that_o the_o chinese_n though_o at_o great_a distance_n always_o honour_v their_o king_n when_o with_o usual_a ceremony_n they_o receive_v their_o guest_n they_o say_v that_o the_o tartar_n prince_n who_o at_o this_o day_n possess_v the_o country_n of_o china_n and_o reside_v in_o the_o metropolis_n peking_n be_v not_o the_o great_a cham_fw-mi or_o lord_n of_o all_o tartary_n as_o have_v hitherto_o be_v believe_v but_o a_o mean_a prince_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o grandfather_n be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o his_o family_n promote_v to_o that_o dignity_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o his_o country_n which_o be_v only_o a_o small_a province_n in_o tartary_n call_v muncheu_fw-la the_o father_n of_o this_o present_a emperor_n call_v zunchi_n be_v the_o five_o of_o his_o family_n his_o fortune_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o strange_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o other_o prince_n of_o his_o country_n that_o they_o compare_v he_o to_o war._n lightning_n when_o ever_o they_o speak_v of_o he_o for_o they_o usual_o say_v that_o the_o god_n and_o heaven_n can_v only_o prevent_v he_o in_o any_o thing_n the_o present_a emperor_n zunchi_n son_n be_v call_v konchi_n a_o youth_n of_o about_o sixteen_o year_n the_o first_o ruler_n of_o who_o the_o chineses_n make_v mention_n in_o their_o history_n be_v name_v puoncu_n and_o after_o he_o tienhoang_v ginhoang_fw-mi and_o yonjui_fw-la but_o in_o those_o time_n the_o province_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o head_n of_o their_o princical_a family_n the_o first_o emperor_n that_o before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n govern_v china_n and_o be_v elect_v and_o set_v on_o the_o throne_n by_o most_o voice_n be_v eight_o in_o number_n viz._n from_o the_o year_n before_o the_o nativity_n of_o christ_n 2952._o to_o the_o year_n 2207._o before_o which_o the_o chineses_n allow_v of_o none_o in_o their_o history_n which_o in_o that_o time_n be_v stuff_v with_o many_o strange_a and_o fabulous_a relation_n as_o well_o concern_v the_o age_n of_o man_n as_o year_n of_o the_o governor_n for_o if_o we_o will_v credit_v their_o writer_n the_o world_n stand_v many_o thousand_o of_o year_n before_o the_o deluge_n the_o first_o emperor_n be_v before_o christ_n birth_n reign_v year_n 2952_o i._n fohi_n 115_o 2837_o ii_o xinnung_n 140_o 2697_o iii_o hoangti_fw-la 100_o 2597_o iu_o xaohau_n 84_o 2513_o v._o chuenhio_n 78_o 2435_o vi_o quoth_fw-mi 70_o 2357_o vii_o ya_fw-mi 90_o 2258_o viii_o xan_n 33_o after_o xun_n the_o empire_n be_v govern_v by_o hereditary_a succession_n and_o the_o first_o house_n or_o family_n hia_n be_v raise_v under_o the_o emperor_n thou_o which_o continue_v four_o hundred_o year_n under_o seventeen_o emperor_n viz._n before_o christ_n nativity_n reign_v year_n 2207_o i._n thou_o 10_o 2197_o ii_o khi_fw-la 9_o 2188_o iii_o taikang_v 29_o 2159_o iu._n chumkang_v 13_o 2146_o v._o siang_n 27_o 2058_o vi_o xaokang_v 22_o 2057_o vii_o chu_n 17_o 2040_o viii_o hoai_fw-fr 26_o 2014_o ix_o mang_n 18_o 1996_o x_o be_v 16_o 1980_o xi_o pukiang_n 59_o 1821_o xii_o kung_n 21_o 1800_o xiii_o kin_n 21_o 1769_o fourteen_o cungkia_fw-la 31_o 1848_o xv._n ka_o 11_o 1838_o xvi_o fau_fw-fr 19_o 1818_o xvii_o kie_fw-mi 52_o after_o the_o family_n hia_n the_o house_n of_o xang_n succeed_v be_v first_o raise_v by_o the_o emperor_n tangle_n from_o who_o spring_v twenty_o eight_o emperor_n viz._n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ._n reign_v year_n 1766_o i._n tangle_n 13_o  _fw-fr ii_o taikia_fw-la 33_o 1720_o iii_o vote_v 92_o 1691_o iu_o taikeng_n 25_o 1666_o v._o siaokia_n 17_o 1659._o vi_o jungie_a 12_o 1641_o vii_o taiu_fw-it 75_o 1562_o viii_o chungt_v 13_o 1549_o ix_o vaigni_fw-la 15_o 1534_o x._o hotankia_fw-la 9_o 1525_o xi_o zuie_fw-fr 19_o 1506_o xii_o zusini_fw-la 16_o 1490_o xiii_o vokia_n 25_o 1464_o fourteen_o zute_v 32_o 1433_o xv._n nankeng_n 25_o 1408_o xvi_o yangkia_fw-la 7_o 1401_o xvii_o puonkeng_v 28_o 1373_o xviii_o siaosini_fw-la 21_o 3352_o xix_o siaoye_fw-fr 18_o 1324_o xx._n vute_v 59_o 1265_o xxi_o
day_n at_o night_n arrive_v at_o a_o strong_a hold_n where_o they_o intend_v to_o take_v up_o their_o lodging_n for_o that_o night_n but_o they_o be_v carry_v into_o a_o mandarins_n house_n and_o accommodate_v very_o generous_o where_o among_o other_o they_o see_v three_o lady_n one_o of_o who_o foot_n with_o shoe_n and_o all_o be_v but_o six_o another_o five_o and_o a_o half_a and_o the_o three_o five_o inch_n long_o occasion_v from_o the_o straight_o swaddle_a of_o their_o leg_n and_o foot_n in_o their_o infancy_n after_o the_o chinese_n manner_n for_o woman_n with_o great_a foot_n they_o account_v homely_a and_o those_o that_o have_v little_a foot_n beauty_n so_o that_o the_o big_a they_o be_v the_o lesser_a they_o strive_v to_o make_v their_o foot_n the_o ten_o set_v forward_o again_o they_o travel_v by_o several_a ruine_a village_n they_o see_v also_o nine_o strong_a castle_n and_o many_o long_a haired_a chineses_n head_n hang_v in_o basket_n on_o tree_n for_o all_o the_o chinese_n of_o coxinga_n party_n which_o refuse_v to_o cut_v their_o hair_n be_v when_o find_v by_o the_o emperor_n command_v decollate_v and_o their_o head_n hang_v up_o in_o that_o manner_n in_o the_o evening_n they_o come_v to_o the_o city_n tamwa_n where_o they_o be_v receive_v by_o tamwa_n three_o mandarin_n conduct_v to_o a_o great_a house_n like_o a_o court_n of_o guard_n and_o entertain_v with_o variety_n of_o meat_n the_o eleven_o in_o the_o morning_n they_o leave_v tamwa_n and_o proceed_v on_o their_o journey_n go_v through_o several_a other_o village_n and_o fortification_n in_o the_o afternoon_n come_v to_o the_o castle_n tamhoe_n they_o retire_v thither_o to_o rest_v themselves_o tamhoe_n because_o constantine_n noble_a be_v much_o trouble_v with_o a_o ague_n where_o the_o governor_n entertain_v they_o with_o variety_n of_o dish_n they_o make_v by_o several_a present_v a_o civil_a return_n the_o twelve_o they_o leave_v tamhoe_n and_o travel_v that_o day_n by_o five_o great_a village_n and_o many_o garrison_n and_o at_o noon_n arrive_v at_o the_o city_n zwansifoe_n where_o meet_v by_o zwansifoe_n the_o mandarin_n and_o conduct_v into_o a_o ancient_a building_n after_o a_o little_a stay_n they_o pass_v on_o to_o sant_v houbethetok_v his_o house_n a_o man_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o governor_n of_o this_o city_n who_o they_o proffer_v the_o present_n send_v he_o by_o the_o admiral_n bort_n viz._n a_o pair_n of_o pistol_n five_o dutch_a ell_n of_o scarlet_n and_o four_o piece_n of_o fine_a linen_n but_o because_o they_o seem_v to_o van_n campen_n and_o noble_a too_o little_a they_o add_v a_o demy-castor_a five_o dutch_a knife_n three_o rummer_n three_o beer-glass_n five_o flask_n of_o brandy_n and_o five_o of_o sack_n all_o which_o sant_v houbethetok_v receive_v and_o cause_v to_o be_v bring_v to_o he_o by_o his_o servant_n and_o have_v treat_v the_o ambassador_n very_o splendid_o give_v each_o of_o they_o two_o chinese_n roll_n of_o silk_n and_o a_o great_a silver_n medal_n whereon_o with_o golden_a letter_n his_o name_n be_v engrave_v which_o be_v a_o passport_n signify_v that_o whoever_o bear_v it_o be_v person_n of_o quality_n and_o so_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o no_o less_o than_o lavyaes_n that_o be_v lord_n or_o father_n this_o do_v they_o begin_v a_o long_a discourse_n about_o the_o dutch_a and_o chinese_n war_n and_o also_o that_o of_o coxinga_fw-mi last_o they_o desire_v his_o assistance_n in_o the_o procure_n for_o they_o a_o free_a trade_n in_o china_n of_o which_o he_o seem_v no_o way_n to_o doubt_v say_v be_v your_o ship_n here_o hard_o by_o or_o in_o the_o river_n i_o will_v buy_v all_o your_o commodity_n have_v discourse_v a_o little_a while_n and_o be_v plentiful_o feast_v they_o take_v their_o leaf_n and_o ride_v to_o their_o lodging_n where_o divers_a mandarin_n out_o of_o curiosity_n come_v to_o visit_v and_o speak_v with_o they_o and_o bring_v fruit_n and_o sweetmeat_n keep_v they_o company_n most_o part_n of_o the_o night_n the_o thirteen_o at_o daybreak_n the_o agent_n leave_v zwansifoe_n and_o travel_v until_o they_o reach_v zwansehoo_n a_o place_n of_o very_o considerable_a strength_n into_o which_o they_o zwansehoo_n be_v receive_v by_o three_o mandarin_n who_o give_v they_o a_o very_a handsome_a entertainment_n the_o fourteen_o be_v saturday_n they_o leave_v zwansehoo_n and_o go_v on_o all_o day_n come_v towards_o evening_n to_o a_o well-guarded_n place_v call_v enwacho_n where_o they_o take_v their_o repose_n that_o night_n in_o a_o temple_n in_o which_o they_o be_v noble_o accommodate_v by_o the_o priest_n on_o monday_n morning_n the_o sixteen_o the_o agent_n set_v forward_o again_o and_o that_o night_n reach_v the_o city_n enwa_fw-mi into_o which_o be_v conduct_v by_o three_o great_a mandarin_n enwa_n they_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o great_a wall_v pagode_n wherein_o above_o fifty_o chinese_n priest_n have_v their_o abode_n give_v they_o a_o welcome_a reception_n many_o apartment_n be_v in_o this_o pagode_n every_o one_o furnish_v with_o various_a image_n which_o be_v as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n sit_v clothe_v in_o rich_a apparel_n on_o stool_n round_o about_o table_n all_o the_o priest_n offer_v incense_n to_o these_o their_o idol_n before_o who_o also_o burn_v many_o lamp_n with_o tabor_v on_o a_o drum_n and_o sing_v the_o next_o day_n the_o vice-admiral_n van_fw-mi campen_n present_v the_o priest_n with_o twenty_o crown_n of_o silver_n coin_n for_o which_o they_o return_v he_o many_o complemental_a thanks_o after_o the_o chinese_n manner_n the_o same_o day_n proceed_v further_o on_o they_o pass_v a_o most_o delightful_a and_o rich_a country_n which_o have_v not_o be_v waste_v by_o the_o war_n but_o remain_v still_o in_o its_o full_a glory_n here_o they_o see_v divers_a well-built_a and_o wall_a village_n and_o likewise_o many_o ancient_a structure_n and_o beautiful_a tomb_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o convenient_a entrance_n and_o within_o that_o a_o arch_a passage_n lead_v to_o the_o grave_a where_o they_o burn_v offering_n to_o the_o dead_a there_o be_v also_o tomb_n on_o which_o lie_v great_a turtle_n carve_v of_o blue_a stone_n and_o other_o adorn_v with_o column_n and_o arch_v above_o in_o the_o evening_n they_o arrive_v at_o fort_n lantongzwa_n stand_v on_o mount_n tishoo_n lantongzwa_n into_o which_o they_o be_v introduce_v by_o three_o mandarin_n and_o conduct_v to_o the_o governor_n house_n who_o entertain_v they_o noble_o and_o have_v a_o long_a discourse_n about_o the_o dutch_a tartar_n and_o chinese_n war._n the_o eighteen_o they_o begin_v their_o journey_n about_o noon_n not_o able_a soon_o to_o get_v man_n to_o carry_v they_o and_o their_o good_n and_o travel_v towards_o the_o evening_n through_o a_o great_a unwal_v village_n where_o they_o be_v invite_v to_o a_o civil_a treat_n by_o a_o grand_a mandarin_n here_o the_o agent_n find_v five_o chinese_n which_o a_o few_o day_n before_o be_v flee_v with_o a_o jonk_n from_o tayowan_n among_o which_o be_v one_o who_o smatter_v so_o much_o break_v dutch_a that_o van_n campen_n can_v understand_v when_o he_o tell_v he_o that_o coxinga_n and_o the_o general_n bethekok_n two_o such_o leader_n that_o china_n afford_v not_o the_o like_a be_v overpower_v and_o straighten_v by_o the_o tartar_n both_o despair_a end_v their_o day_n in_o tayowan_n where_o since_o happen_v such_o a_o famine_n that_o many_o die_v suffer_v by_o extremity_n of_o want_n at_o the_o evening_n arrive_v at_o the_o city_n hokzwa_n three_o mandarin_n lead_v they_o to_o a_o spacious_a house_n whereto_o all_o governor_n when_o they_o travel_v about_o public_a affair_n be_v conduct_v for_o these_o house_n as_o we_o say_v before_o have_v many_o large_a chamber_n furnish_v with_o good_a bed_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o furniture_n both_o for_o their_o lodging_n and_o diet_n with_o large_a out-room_n for_o servant_n and_o stable_n for_o horse_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o town_n send_v the_o agent_n good_a store_n of_o fresh_a provision_n after_o supper_n many_o grandee_n of_o the_o city_n and_o two_o mandarin_n that_o come_v late_o from_o peking_n visit_v they_o who_o tell_v they_o that_o all_o the_o news_n there_o be_v that_o the_o peace_n between_o the_o emperor_n and_o coxinga_n will_v not_o be_v conclude_v because_o the_o islander_n of_o eymuy_a and_o quemuy_n will_v have_v their_o own_o governor_n and_o soldier_n they_o also_o acquaint_v they_o of_o the_o sudden_a death_n of_o coxinga_n envoy_n in_o his_o journey_n to_o peking_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o news_n of_o send_v another_o in_o his_o stead_n thursday_n be_v the_o nineteen_o a_o great_a train_n of_o people_n ride_v through_o the_o city_n that_o come_v from_o hoksieu_n and_o be_v go_v to_o sinksieu_n to_o the_o viceroy_n with_o clothes_n and_o other_o good_n and_o also_o with_o news_n of_o his_o wife_n mother_n death_n which_o force_v the_o agent_n
else_o be_v permit_v and_o the_o other_o stand_v empty_a for_o their_o deity_n who_o they_o say_v sit_v therein_o and_o receive_v the_o offer_n without_o the_o temple_n stand_v many_o altar_n of_o red_a marble_n which_o represent_v the_o moon_n sun_n hill_n and_o flood_n and_o according_a to_o the_o chineses_n relation_n all_o these_o altar_n be_v place_v without_o the_o temple_n that_o none_o may_v worship_v they_o but_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v know_v they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o structure_n which_o the_o emperor_n worship_v in_o the_o temple_n round_o about_o be_v several_a chamber_n or_o rather_o cell_n which_o former_o as_o they_o say_v be_v use_v as_o bannia_n in_o which_o the_o emperor_n when_o he_o go_v to_o offer_v bathe_v himself_o with_o his_o attendant_n to_o this_o temple_n and_o to_o the_o emperor_n tomb_n lead_v very_o broad_a way_n on_o each_o side_n plant_v with_o five_o row_v of_o pine-tree_n at_o equal_a distance_n and_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n from_o which_o none_o may_v break_v a_o bough_n on_o pain_n of_o death_n all_o these_o building_n be_v ruin_v in_o the_o late_a tartar_n war_n the_o tree_n pluck_v up_o the_o tomb_n deface_v and_o the_o temple_n and_o palace_n utter_o lay_v waste_n the_o county_n of_o fungiangfu_n a_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n give_v limit_n in_o the_o border_n east_n and_o north-east_n to_o hoaiganfu_n in_o the_o east_n to_o the_o lake_n piexe_n and_o chucheufu_n in_o the_o south_n and_o south-west_n to_o hocheufu_n and_o lucheufu_n in_o the_o west_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o honan_n this_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a country_n vein_a by_o several_a great_a river_n be_v famous_a because_o two_o of_o her_o native_n of_o mean_a extract_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o honour_n the_o first_o call_v lieupang_v breed_v among_o the_o scum_n of_o the_o commonalty_n nay_o among_o robber_n and_o rebel_n subdue_v the_o imperial_a family_n cyn_n and_o raise_v that_o of_o han._n the_o second_o be_v humvu_o or_o chu_n be_v a_o mean_a priest_n son_n who_o at_o first_o turn_v robber_n soon_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tartar_n get_v into_o the_o throne_n and_o establish_v the_o crown_n on_o the_o taimingian_n family_n the_o emperor_n thou_o also_o do_v not_o a_o little_a enrich_v this_o country_n when_o by_o his_o predecessor_n ya_fw-mi he_o be_v crown_v king_n in_o the_o city_n of_o mao_n it_o be_v also_o say_v that_o lahu_n the_o first_o inventor_n of_o the_o epicurean_a learning_n which_o live_v before_o the_o great_a philosopher_n confut_n be_v bear_v in_o that_o city_n of_o mao_n the_o county_n fungyangfu_n contain_v eighteen_o town_n of_o which_o fungyang_n be_v the_o chief_a the_o next_o be_v liuhoai_n hoaiyven_v tingyven_v uho_fw-it hang_v hokieu_o munch_v su_n hiutai_n tienchang_n so_o lingpi_n ing_n tacho_fw-it hao_n ingxan_n su_n so_o ing_n hao_n all_o great_a place_n the_o metropolis_n fungyang_n lie_v on_o a_o mountain_n enclose_v many_o hill_n within_o its_o wall_n build_v with_o fair_a edifice_n both_o public_a and_o private_a this_o division_n be_v by_o the_o emperor_n thou_o bring_v and_o join_v to_o the_o province_n of_o yang_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o teu_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o king_n this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tuxam_n which_o the_o king_n of_o cuckoe_n afterward_o include_v in_o their_o dominion_n but_o the_o family_n have_fw-mi make_v it_o again_o tributary_n call_v chung_o yet_o this_o place_n be_v not_o honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o teu_n or_o metropopolis_n until_o the_o forementioned_a chu_n which_o raise_v the_o taimingian_n family_n and_o be_v bear_v in_o this_o city_n enlarge_v it_o build_v new_a and_o strong_a wall_n fifty_o furlong_n in_o circumference_n and_o adorn_v the_o tomb_n of_o his_o predecessor_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o metropolis_n set_v over_o it_o a_o viceroy_n give_v it_o jurisdiction_n over_o other_o city_n intitul_a it_o fungyang_n that_o be_v nobleness_n of_o the_o phoenix_n the_o three_o sucheufu_n conterminate_v in_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n with_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n in_o the_o east_n with_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o south_n with_o sunkiang_n and_o kiahingfu_n the_o west_n border_n kiangningfu_n and_o the_o north-west_n chancheufu_n the_o first_o which_o inhabit_v this_o country_n among_o the_o chinese_n be_v one_o taipe_n of_o the_o family_n cheu_n who_o come_v out_o of_o the_o north_n plant_v his_o seat_n here_o and_o reduce_v those_o that_o former_o be_v wild_a and_o savage_a to_o be_v rational_a and_o understand_a people_n in_o the_o emperor_n vu's_fw-mi time_n this_o county_n obtain_v royal_a dignity_n be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o v._o after_o who_o death_n it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o kingdom_n of_o jue_v who_o possess_v it_o but_o a_o little_a while_n be_v rout_v by_o cuckoe_n who_o subdue_v the_o country_n last_o the_o promoter_n of_o the_o family_n cyn_n conquer_v all_o those_o kingdom_n and_o bring_v they_o under_o the_o province_n of_o hoeiki_n the_o first_o which_o call_v this_o country_n and_o its_o metropolis_n sucheu_o be_v king_n name_n svi_fw-la the_o family_n of_o tangle_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o changcheu_fw-la sing_v that_o of_o pnkiang_n but_o the_o taimingian_n family_n restore_v the_o old_a name_n sucheu_o the_o country_n be_v in_o all_o place_n interlace_v with_o branch_n of_o river_n and_o graff_n along_o which_o they_o may_v sail_v from_o the_o city_n to_o the_o sea_n sucheufu_n contain_v seven_o town_n of_o which_o sucheu_o be_v the_o chief_a the_o rest_n be_v to_n quengxan_n changxoe_n ukiang_n kiate_v taice_a cungmung_a and_o cungm_v which_o lie_v on_o a_o island_n in_o the_o sea_n the_o four_o tract_n of_o land_n be_v sunghiangfu_n be_v a_o small_a county_n yet_o fruitful_a border_n and_o a_o good_a soil_n border_v in_o the_o north_n with_o sucheufu_n in_o the_o east_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o hangcheufu_n in_o the_o south_n and_o west_n at_o hangcheufu_n only_o and_o the_o remainder_n on_o sucheufu_n this_o country_n as_o the_o former_a lie_v most_o in_o water_n the_o east_n part_n of_o it_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o rest_n surround_v by_o river_n which_o with_o their_o branch_n cut_v through_o the_o middle_n and_o all_o place_n else_o of_o it_o make_v the_o whole_a navigable_a it_o contain_v only_o three_o town_n which_o in_o bigness_n populosity_n and_o to_n variety_n of_o commodity_n may_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o many_o more_o eminent_a city_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v sunkiang_n the_o other_o two_o langhai_n and_o cingpai_n the_o city_n sunkiang_n verge_n with_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o northern_a shore_n of_o a_o river_n which_o at_o its_o mouth_n be_v fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v sail_v to_o japan_n in_o ancient_a time_n this_o country_n and_o city_n before_o mention_v share_v also_o in_o the_o tartar_n cruelty_n the_o family_n of_o tangle_n call_v it_o hout_v the_o tartar_n of_o the_o name_n house_n of_o juen_v not_o only_o give_v it_o the_o present_a name_n but_o also_o the_o title_n of_o furio_n or_o great_a city_n have_v former_o but_o the_o privilege_n and_o name_n of_o a_o mean_a town_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o three_o county_n sucheufu_n the_o five_o county_n changcheufu_n reckon_v for_o limit_n in_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n border_n the_o river_n kiang_n in_o the_o south_n sucheufu_n in_o the_o south_n and_o south-west_n the_o lake_n tai_n in_o the_o west_n yancheufu_n this_o county_n contain_v five_o town_n viz._n changcheu_o vufie_n kiangyn_n and_o ginkiang_n there_o be_v also_o five_o temple_n of_o which_o one_o build_v near_o the_o city_n vufie_n in_o honour_n to_o taipe_v the_o supporter_n of_o the_o people_n exceed_v all_o the_o other_o the_o city_n changcheu_o lie_v near_o the_o forementioned_a moat_n which_o run_v from_o the_o city_n sucheu_fw-la to_o the_o river_n kiang_n the_o stone_n banks_n of_o which_o near_o this_o city_n be_v much_o more_o curious_a and_o artificial_a than_o any_o where_o else_o there_o be_v also_o some_o triumphal_a arch_n which_o add_v a_o great_a beauty_n to_o the_o city_n it_o have_v receive_v its_o denomination_n guihe_v from_o the_o exceed_a fineness_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o the_o tee_fw-mi cup_n be_v make_v for_o guihing_n signify_v rare_a earth_n the_o six_o territory_n chinkiangfu_n border_n in_o the_o north_n at_o the_o river_n kiang_n to_n in_o the_o east_n at_o changcheufu_n in_o the_o south_n at_o the_o lake_n tai_n and_o in_o the_o west_n at_o kiangnangfu_n this_o county_n reckon_v three_o city_n viz._n chinkiang_n tanyang_n and_o kintan_n to_n chinkiang_n by_o martinius_n take_v for_o cingiam_fw-la so_o call_v by_o paulus_n venetus_n lie_v northward_o from_o the_o river_n kiang_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o a_o channel_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o kiang_n
will_v take_v you_o for_o my_o son-in-law_n the_o other_o youth_n be_v send_v back_o again_o and_o account_v noble_a because_o they_o be_v allot_v to_o this_o choice_n the_o emperor_n son-in-law_n have_v immediate_o a_o fumme_n set_v over_o he_o be_v two_o learned_a mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n to_o be_v his_o tutor_n and_o instruct_v he_o in_o all_o princely_a affair_n till_o the_o woman_n have_v child_n the_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o show_v reverence_n three_o time_n a_o day_n with_o bend_a knee_n but_o when_o she_o be_v deliver_v of_o a_o child_n this_o duty_n cease_v yet_o there_o be_v many_o ceremony_n and_o show_n of_o obedience_n that_o continue_v for_o which_o reason_n person_n of_o quality_n shun_v to_o be_v the_o emperor_n sons-in-law_n and_o this_o custom_n of_o choose_v twelve_o be_v no_o more_o observe_v be_v the_o emperor_n accidental_o cast_v his_o eye_n on_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n or_o a_o learned_a person_n to_o make_v he_o his_o son-in-law_n they_o humble_o desire_v and_o beg_v to_o be_v excuse_v of_o it_o fear_v to_o live_v discontent_o all_o his_o life-time_n if_o the_o princess_n shall_v take_v any_o dislike_n against_o he_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o emperor_n prime_a wife_n who_o be_v call_v by_o the_o title_n of_o hoamheu_fw-la which_o be_v empress_n she_o have_v her_o seat_n behind_o the_o emperor_n the_o other_o six_o and_o the_o next_o in_o degree_n be_v call_v queen_n and_o in_o great_a esteem_n beside_o these_o the_o emperor_n have_v thirty_o lady_n of_o honour_n the_o rest_n be_v concubine_n to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thousand_o be_v young_a and_o beautiful_a woman_n bring_v thither_o from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o the_o emperor_n visit_v at_o his_o pleasure_n as_o his_o fancy_n lead_v or_o their_o beauty_n attract_v the_o emperor_n theumchim_n be_v a_o chaste_a man_n they_o say_v of_o he_o pu_o thou_o cuin_n that_o be_v he_o go_v not_o into_o the_o palace_n of_o woman_n and_o some_o other_o such_o there_o have_v be_v as_o on_o the_o contrary_a there_o have_v be_v more_o who_o wander_a affection_n have_v be_v so_o unsatisfiable_a that_o not_o please_v with_o their_o own_o fancy_n to_o choose_v a_o mate_n they_o keep_v a_o little_a wagon_n draw_v by_o goat_n let_v they_o run_v whither_o they_o will_v and_o into_o what_o chamber_n soever_o they_o go_v and_o stand_v still_o there_o the_o emperor_n pitch_v for_o his_o amorous_a dalliance_n another_o that_o will_v not_o take_v that_o trouble_n to_o go_v into_o the_o woman_n palace_n cause_v they_o all_o to_o be_v present_v to_o he_o in_o picture_n and_o she_o who_o he_o like_v best_a he_o send_v for_o thus_o far_o semedo_n the_o tartar_a emperor_n which_o at_o this_o day_n govern_v be_v a_o youth_n of_o eighteen_o year_n have_v twelve_o empress_n for_o his_o service_n funeral_n and_o mourn_a for_o the_o dead_a all_o the_o chinese_n book_n which_o treat_v of_o their_o custom_n endeavour_v nothing_o 〈◊〉_d more_o than_o to_o incite_v child_n to_o show_v obedience_n to_o their_o parent_n and_o respect_n to_o their_o ancestor_n which_o they_o show_v in_o nothing_o more_o than_o in_o their_o funeral_n and_o obsequy_n for_o they_o not_o only_a habit_n themselves_o in_o mourn_v but_o bestow_v great_a cost_n on_o a_o coffin_n in_o the_o prepare_n for_o their_o funeral_n which_o may_v rather_o be_v call_v a_o glorious_a show_n they_o strive_v to_o exceed_v one_o another_o according_a to_o their_o state_n and_o quality_n nay_o often_o go_v beyond_o their_o capacity_n they_o mourn_v not_o in_o black_a but_o white_a the_o son_n at_o their_o parent_n death_n wear_v a_o course_n flaxen_a coat_n or_o rather_o frock_n which_o reach_v down_o to_o their_o foot_n their_o hat_n and_o shoe_n be_v also_o very_o pitiful_a to_o behold_v and_o they_o tie_v a_o cord_n about_o their_o waste_v like_o the_o franciscan_a monk_n this_o mourn_a according_a to_o a_o inviolable_a law_n for_o father_n or_o mother_n be_v strict_o observe_v by_o the_o child_n three_o whole_a year_n for_o this_o reason_n as_o they_o say_v in_o their_o book_n that_o they_o shall_v requite_v their_o parent_n and_o as_o a_o testimony_n of_o thankfulness_n that_o they_o have_v carry_v they_o three_o year_n in_o their_o arm_n and_o bring_v they_o up_o with_o great_a trouble_n during_o their_o infancy_n but_o the_o time_n which_o they_o mourn_v for_o other_o relation_n be_v much_o short_a for_o some_o leave_n off_o mourn_v within_o the_o year_n other_o in_o three_o month_n as_o in_o europe_n the_o lawful_a time_n to_o mourn_v for_o the_o emperor_n or_o empress_n be_v also_o three_o year_n which_o all_o the_o subject_n observe_v through_o the_o whole_a empire_n but_o now_o upon_o the_o emperor_n permission_n make_v know_v by_o proclamation_n day_n be_v reckon_v for_o month_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a realm_n in_o a_o month_n time_n express_v their_o sorrow_n for_o the_o emperor_n death_n in_o mourn_v the_o funeral_n ceremony_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o chinese_n observe_v at_o burial_n be_v write_v in_o a_o large_a book_n wherefore_o upon_o any_o one_o decease_n those_o that_o be_v to_o take_v care_n to_o inter_v the_o body_n repair_v to_o that_o wherein_o their_o mourn_a clothes_n shoe_n cap_n girdle_n and_o the_o like_a be_v not_o only_o describe_v in_o it_o but_o also_o represent_v in_o picture_n when_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n happen_v to_o die_v the_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a or_o near_a kinsman_n acquaint_v all_o the_o other_o relation_n and_o friend_n with_o it_o by_o a_o book_n write_v in_o a_o mournful_a style_n mean_o while_o the_o coffin_n be_v make_v and_o the_o body_n put_v into_o it_o and_o likewise_o the_o hall_n or_o chamber_n in_o which_o the_o corpse_n stand_v hang_v and_o cover_v with_o white_a cloth_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o chamber_n be_v a_o altar_n on_o which_o stand_v the_o coffin_n and_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o decease_a into_o this_o chamber_n on_o certain_a day_n come_v all_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o decease_a clad_v in_o mourn_v whither_o they_o bring_v rice_n and_o set_v two_o wax-candle_n on_o the_o altar_n burn_v perfume_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o decease_a when_o the_o candle_n be_v light_v than_o they_o show_v reverence_n to_o the_o dead_a by_o bow_v their_o body_n and_o kneel_v four_o time_n but_o they_o first_o put_v frankincense_n into_o a_o perfume_a pot_n with_o fire_n which_o be_v place_v against_o the_o coffin_n and_o the_o forementioned_a image_n whilst_o these_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v one_o or_o more_o son_n of_o the_o decease_a stand_n on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o chest_n cry_v and_o lament_v behind_o the_o coffin_n all_o the_o woman_n of_o his_o alliance_n stand_v behind_o a_o curtain_n cry_v without_o cease_v the_o priest_n have_v ordain_v a_o custom_n to_o burn_v paper_n cut_v after_o a_o peculiar_a fashion_n as_o also_o white_a silk-stuffs_a which_o be_v do_v they_o say_v that_o thereby_o the_o decease_a may_v be_v provide_v of_o clothes_n in_o the_o other_o world_n the_o child_n oftentimes_o keep_v their_o dead-fathers_n and_o mother_n in_o a_o coffin_n in_o the_o house_n three_o or_o four_o year_n together_o without_o the_o least_o nauseat_v smell_v come_v through_o the_o cranny_n be_v colour_v all_o over_o with_o the_o gum_n which_o they_o call_v cie_n all_o which_o time_n they_o set_v before_o they_o every_o day_n meat_n and_o drink_n as_o if_o they_o be_v alive_a the_o son_n during_o this_o time_n of_o mourn_v do_v not_o sit_v on_o their_o usual_a stool_n but_o on_o low_a bench_n cover_v with_o white_a cloth_n neither_o do_v they_o sleep_v on_o bed_n but_o on_o mat_n of_o straw_n spread_v over_o the_o floor_n near_o the_o coffin_n they_o eat_v no_o flesh_n nor_o drink_v but_o upon_o pure_a necessity_n not_o be_v suffer_v to_o be_v at_o any_o feast_n nor_o for_o some_o month_n to_o go_v abroad_o public_o but_o be_v carry_v in_o sedan_n cover_v with_o mourn_a cloth_n many_o other_o thing_n they_o observe_v which_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o relate_v at_o the_o day_n when_o the_o corpse_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v out_o the_o friend_n and_o relation_n be_v invite_v by_o another_o book_n and_o meet_v all_o in_o white_a apparel_n to_o attend_v the_o funeral_n which_o be_v perform_v like_o the_o roman_n procession_v several_a shape_v of_o man_n woman_n elephant_n tiger_n and_o lion_n make_v of_o paper_n but_o curious_o gild_a and_o paint_a be_v carry_v before_o and_o afterward_o burn_v at_o the_o grave_a the_o priest_n mumble_v their_o heathen_a prayer_n follow_v the_o corpse_n also_o in_o a_o long_a train_n and_o use_v several_a ceremony_n by_o the_o way_n beat_v on_o drum_n play_v on_o pipe_n cymbal_n bell_n and_o the_o like_a before_o go_v likewise_o several_a man_n carry_v of_o great_a copper_n perfuming-pot_n on_o their_o shoulder_n
last_o the_o bier_n on_o which_o the_o corpse_n lie_v be_v bring_v in_o great_a state_n under_o a_o arch_a canopy_n make_v very_o artificial_o of_o wood_n and_o hang_v with_o flannel_n which_o be_v carry_v by_o forty_o and_o sometime_o by_o fifty_o men._n behind_o the_o bier_n follow_v the_o son_n on_o foot_n every_o one_o lean_v on_o a_o crutch_n as_o if_o faint_v with_o sorrow_n next_o follow_v the_o woman_n kindred_n in_o sedan_n hang_v with_o white_a curtain_n so_o that_o none_o can_v see_v they_o the_o other_o woman_n which_o be_v not_o so_o near_o ally_v to_o the_o decease_a be_v also_o carry_v in_o mourn_a sedan_n all_o their_o curch-yards_n and_o tomb_n be_v near_o the_o city_n if_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o son_n at_o their_o parent_n death_n be_v from_o home_n than_o the_o funeral_n be_v defer_v till_o their_o return_n also_o when_o a_o son_n be_v inform_v of_o his_o father_n death_n he_o prepare_v if_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o estate_n a_o great_a feast_n to_o which_o he_o invite_v and_o make_v mournful_a complaint_n to_o all_o his_o friend_n then_o return_v home_o with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n he_o renew_v the_o same_o ceremony_n again_o in_o order_n as_o before_o nay_o a_o son_n be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n though_o he_o enjoy_v the_o great_a office_n in_o the_o empire_n or_o be_v one_o of_o the_o prime_a council_n in_o peking_n or_o of_o the_o colaos_n who_o be_v the_o next_o person_n of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o he_o must_v come_v home_o and_o spend_v three_o year_n in_o mourn_v before_o he_o be_v permit_v to_o go_v again_o to_o his_o former_a employment_n but_o this_o be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v for_o their_o parent_n and_o not_o for_o any_o other_o relation_n only_o general_n and_o magistrate_n be_v free_a from_o this_o law_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o parent_n if_o any_o one_o die_v out_o of_o his_o native_a country_n than_o he_o who_o be_v leave_v to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o corpse_n use_v all_o endeavour_n without_o spare_v either_o cost_n or_o charges_n to_o carry_v it_o home_o that_o there_o he_o may_v be_v inter_v in_o the_o grave_a of_o his_o ancestor_n for_o every_o family_n have_v a_o peculiar_a bury_v place_n on_o some_o hill_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o the_o city_n the_o sepulcher_n be_v large_a build_v of_o marble_n and_o adorn_v with_o several_a shape_v of_o man_n and_o beast_n they_o also_o erect_v great_a and_o stately_a tombstone_n on_o which_o be_v engrave_v in_o a_o noble_a style_n the_o famous_a act_n of_o their_o predecessor_n in_o this_o manner_n have_v trigaut_n describe_v their_o mourn_a but_o we_o will_v also_o annex_v what_o alvares_n semedo_n adrianus_n de_fw-fr las_fw-fr cortes_n and_o adam_z scall_z have_v write_v concern_v the_o same_o in_o many_o thing_n concern_v the_o life_n of_o man_n the_o chineses_n agree_v with_o the_o european_a philosopher_n but_o differ_v much_o about_o the_o concern_v of_o the_o dead_a the_o european_n make_v little_a ado_n about_o their_o funeral_n whereas_o the_o chineses_n esteem_v nothing_o more_o and_o be_v very_o careful_a in_o their_o life-time_n to_o give_v order_n to_o their_o child_n for_o they_o who_o show_v all_o obedience_n and_o dutifulness_n in_o perform_v the_o same_o after_o their_o death_n it_o be_v a_o general_a custom_n in_o china_n not_o to_o bury_v the_o dead_a naked_a though_o a_o child_n of_o two_o year_n old_a but_o put_v it_o into_o a_o coffin_n according_a to_o every_o one_o capacity_n in_o which_o the_o rich_a sort_n notwithstanding_o the_o chineses_n be_v of_o a_o covetous_a disposition_n strive_v to_o exceed_v one_o another_o endeavour_v to_o get_v the_o best_a and_o sweet_a wood_n that_o grow_v those_o that_o have_v no_o child_n spare_v not_o to_o give_v a_o thousand_o crown_n for_o the_o wood_n of_o a_o coffin_n though_o it_o be_v nothing_o near_o so_o much_o worth_n which_o be_v make_v and_o beautify_v with_o ornamental_n of_o gold_n silver_n paint_v imagery_n and_o the_o like_a be_v bring_v home_o and_o oftentimes_o set_v in_o their_o chamber_n to_o delight_v they_o by_o look_v upon_o it_o on_o the_o contrary_a those_o which_o be_v strike_v in_o year_n have_v no_o coffin_n be_v always_o sad_a and_o melancholy_a this_o custom_n they_o general_o observe_v through_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o as_o they_o receive_v their_o religion_n from_o the_o indian_n they_o have_v likewise_o borrow_a many_o other_o thing_n of_o they_o imitate_v they_o especial_o in_o three_o sort_n of_o burial_n viz._n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o water_n and_o in_o the_o fire_n for_o the_o japanner_n will_v some_o throw_v themselves_o headlong_o from_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n other_o tie_v stone_n about_o their_o neck_n leap_v into_o river_n and_o do_v many_o other_o thing_n to_o shorten_v their_o life_n but_o the_o chineses_n have_v not_o such_o stout_a heart_n to_o bury_v themselves_o alive_a but_o poor_a people_n who_o have_v not_o wherewith_o to_o purchase_v a_o coffin_n burn_v the_o corpse_n and_o bury_v the_o ash_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n the_o dead_a be_v burn_v and_o the_o ash_n gather_v and_o put_v into_o vessel_n and_o so_o throw_v into_o the_o river_n or_o brook_n their_o coffin_n be_v make_v of_o hard_a black_a plank_n the_o seam_n cover_v with_o jews-glue_a or_o gum_n by_o the_o portuguese_n call_v charan_n or_o giaro_n and_o by_o the_o chinese_n cie_n and_o cia_n every_o one_o have_v his_o peculiar_a place_n or_o tomb_n without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n for_o they_o be_v not_o permit_v within_o some_o build_v handsome_a house_n there_o wall_v they_o round_o and_o plant_v cypress_n and_o other_o tree_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soyl._n these_o place_n be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n which_o they_o have_v of_o the_o ground_n for_o if_o a_o conjurer_n have_v judge_v it_o to_o be_v lucky_a to_o build_v on_o they_o exceed_o enhanse_v the_o value_n thereof_o nor_o do_v they_o ever_o buy_v any_o land_n without_o the_o advice_n of_o those_o people_n at_o their_o burial_n they_o observe_v one_o order_n to_o put_v the_o chief_a corpse_n of_o the_o family_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n and_o set_v the_o other_o side_n by_o side_n according_a to_o their_o degree_n their_o grave_n be_v neat_o hew_v out_o of_o stone_n and_o on_o the_o top_n adorn_v with_o shape_v of_o beast_n as_o heart_n elephant_n and_o lion_n with_o encomiastic_a inscription_n person_n of_o quality_n especial_o those_o that_o be_v single_a bestow_v more_o cost_n build_v stately_a palace_n and_o room_n under_o ground_n like_o cell_n which_o be_v make_v very_o convenient_a to_o lay_v the_o corpse_n in_o here_o all_o the_o relation_n meet_v at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o death_n to_o do_v their_o offering_n and_o other_o ceremony_n for_o the_o poor_a which_o have_v not_o money_n to_o buy_v a_o peculiar_a burying-place_n there_o be_v a_o common_a churchyard_n in_o every_o city_n wherein_o they_o lie_v bury_v all_o together_o they_o chief_o desire_v to_o be_v bury_v in_o their_o predecessor_n grave_n though_o never_o so_o far_o from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o die_v as_o it_o often_o happen_v to_o governor_n of_o remote_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o thither_o their_o friend_n to_o do_v they_o the_o last_o honour_n convey_v they_o the_o first_o ceremony_n observe_v at_o any_o one_o departure_n be_v that_o the_o sick_a when_o die_v be_v carry_v on_o a_o mat_n to_o give_v up_o the_o ghost_n in_o a_o hall_n yet_o person_n of_o quality_n be_v not_o remove_v but_o die_v on_o their_o bed_n when_o a_o father_n die_v than_o the_o elder_a son_n pluck_v off_o his_o cap_n from_o his_o head_n and_o come_v with_o his_o hair_n dishevel_a to_o the_o bed_n and_o tear_v the_o curtain_n and_o sheet_n in_o piece_n lay_v they_o on_o the_o corpse_n then_o the_o body_n if_o a_o male_a by_o man_n if_o a_o female_a by_o woman_n be_v according_a to_o their_o custom_n wash_v which_o do_v they_o lay_v it_o in_o a_o cotton_n cloth_n or_o else_o in_o silk_n and_o put_v on_o his_o best_a apparel_n next_o to_o the_o corpse_n they_o lay_v the_o badge_n of_o his_o office_n and_o degree_n of_o his_o learning_n which_o he_o attain_v in_o his_o life-time_n the_o body_n thus_o garnish_v be_v lay_v in_o a_o coffin_n which_o stand_v in_o a_o hall_n hang_v round_o about_o with_o black_a the_o effigy_n of_o the_o decease_a draw_v to_o the_o life_n with_o his_o arm_n and_o livery_n be_v all_o place_v at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o coffin_n and_o at_o the_o foot_n stand_v a_o table_n cover_v with_o a_o carpet_n before_o which_o be_v a_o curtain_n draw_v for_o the_o woman_n to_o stand_v behind_o unseen_a the_o child_n and_o nephew_n sit_v mournful_o on_o straw_n in_o the_o first_o gallery_n lead_v to_o the_o entrance_n into_o
spectator_n for_o his_o bold_a attempt_n excuse_v his_o unworthiness_n of_o that_o office_n then_o he_o write_v over_o the_o first_o mark_n on_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o board_n with_o black_a ink_n another_o in_o this_o manner_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o then_o that_o which_o signify_v emperor_n be_v change_v and_o be_v as_o much_o as_o lord_n so_o that_o in_o this_o manner_n with_o the_o first_o under_o write_a name_n of_o the_o decease_a a_o full_a sentence_n be_v make_v viz._n the_o lord_n n._n n._n this_o board_n the_o deceased_n friend_n carry_v with_o his_o image_n to_o his_o house_n that_o it_o may_v be_v yearly_o worship_v and_o remember_v by_o his_o predecessor_n so_o soon_o as_o this_o inscription_n be_v finish_v the_o writer_n go_v by_o they_o all_o have_v bow_v and_o kneel_v four_o time_n but_o before_o the_o friend_n depart_v they_o be_v either_o entertain_v in_o a_o house_n raise_v of_o mat_n or_o in_o the_o next_o chapel_n at_o a_o noble_a treat_n at_o which_o the_o first_o cup_n be_v give_v to_o the_o child_n as_o they_o say_v to_o wipe_v off_o their_o tear_n at_o their_o return_n home_o some_o tausus_fw-la or_o conjurer_n come_v to_o the_o mourn_a house_n that_o by_o the_o sprinkle_n of_o certain_a water_n they_o may_v drive_v away_o as_o they_o say_v evil_a spirit_n and_o bring_v peace_n and_o quiet_a to_o the_o house_n the_o chinese_n and_o tartar_n use_v one_o colour_n but_o not_o one_o fashion_n for_o their_o mourn_v all_o the_o tartar_n both_o friend_n and_o relation_n wear_v a_o long_a coat_n of_o sackcloth_n reach_v down_o to_o their_o foot_n and_o gird_v it_o about_o their_o middle_n with_o a_o hempen_a cord_n they_o put_v on_o their_o old_a buskin_n and_o worst_a hat_n without_o the_o red_a silk-fringe_n which_o at_o other_o time_n they_o wear_v for_o a_o ornament_n the_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n or_o beard_n be_v not_o shave_v in_o all_o that_o time_n after_o the_o expiration_n of_o a_o month_n every_o one_o throw_v in_o a_o fire_n of_o paper_n and_o other_o such_o like_a material_n their_o mourn_a girdle_n with_o which_o they_o judge_v their_o mourn_a to_o be_v end_v and_o habit_n themselves_o again_o in_o their_o usual_a apparel_n neighbour_n and_o acquaintance_n show_v that_o they_o mourn_v by_o pull_v their_o silk_n fringe_n from_o their_o hat_n the_o tartar_a woman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o mourn_v change_v their_o apparel_n be_v usual_o black_a into_o white_a their_o coif_n which_o else_o be_v cover_v with_o their_o hair_n resemble_v a_o white_a cap_n with_o tassel_n that_o hang_v over_o their_o shoulder_n the_o chineses_n mourn_v alter_v yearly_a their_o first_o year_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n wear_v all_o over_o their_o body_n a_o suit_n of_o sackcloth_n full_a of_o hole_n with_o shoe_n of_o white_a cloth_n and_o a_o rope_n about_o their_o waste_v seem_v thus_o by_o the_o carelessness_n of_o their_o garb_n to_o express_v their_o sorrow_n for_o the_o death_n of_o their_o parent_n the_o second_o year_n their_o habit_n be_v make_v of_o sleight_n cloth_n their_o hat_n of_o the_o usual_a fashion_n but_o of_o another_o colour_n their_o shoe_n handsome_a and_o their_o girdle_n of_o hemp_n leave_v off_o the_o three_o year_n they_o may_v wear_v silk_n clothes_n and_o their_o hat_n of_o the_o same_o stuff_n but_o white_a or_o else_o of_o the_o usual_a colour_n which_o be_v general_o black_n in_o this_o time_n they_o follow_v no_o employment_n though_o of_o the_o great_a concern_v nor_o may_v sit_v opposite_a to_o or_o by_o the_o visitant_n as_o other_o but_o on_o a_o low_a bench._n in_o the_o first_o month_n they_o not_o only_o abstain_v as_o be_v usual_a in_o fast_n from_o flesh_n fish_n milk_n wine_n and_o the_o like_a but_o eat_v very_o unsavoury_a thing_n neither_o season_v with_o salt_n nor_o herb_n and_o as_o the_o time_n of_o mourn_v for_o a_o wife_n brother_n more_o distant_a relation_n or_o friend_n be_v much_o short_a so_o be_v also_o their_o apparel_n and_o meat_n better_o the_o child_n mourn_v for_o their_o parent_n be_v three_o year_n which_o time_n the_o wife_n must_v observe_v for_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n the_o elder_a son_n or_o his_o wife_n be_v by_o his_o parent_n mourn_v for_o a_o year_n and_o as_o long_o a_o time_n the_o man_n mourn_v for_o his_o wife_n and_o one_o brother_n for_o another_o this_o long_a time_n of_o mourn_v observe_v by_o the_o child_n for_o the_o death_n of_o 23._o their_o parent_n have_v as_o martinius_n tell_v we_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o chineses_n ever_o since_o the_o emperor_n xun_n time_n who_o mourn_v for_o his_o predecessor_n ya_fw-mi be_v his_o father_n three_o whole_a year_n at_o his_o grave_n without_o stir_v thence_o and_o entrust_v the_o care_n of_o his_o realm_n during_o that_o time_n to_o his_o vice-roys_n and_o as_o the_o same_o martinius_n add_v from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o mourn_v in_o that_o manner_n for_o their_o parent_n always_o stay_v in_o their_o house_n lay_v down_o all_o office_n change_v their_o meat_n and_o furniture_n to_o mean_a and_o always_o sit_v on_o a_o low_a bench_n upon_o this_o account_n also_o they_o drink_v no_o wine_n but_o live_v only_o on_o potherb_n their_o clothes_n be_v very_o fantastic_a make_v of_o sackcloth_n their_o lodging_n room_n mean_a nay_o they_o frame_v their_o manner_n of_o speak_v to_o a_o much_o more_o sorrowful_a tone_n and_o whereas_o before_o they_o use_v to_o write_v with_o red_a on_o paper_n streak_v with_o vermilion_n now_o they_o use_v only_o yellow_a or_o blue_a colour_n as_o a_o token_n of_o their_o sorrow_n it_o be_v very_o strange_a to_o observe_v the_o duty_n and_o reverence_n which_o the_o child_n show_v to_o their_o dead_a parent_n wherein_o no_o other_o people_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o they_o for_o many_o though_o magistrate_n when_o observe_v that_o their_o parent_n be_v grow_v very_o old_a have_v need_n of_o their_o help_n they_o desire_v the_o emperor_n to_o excuse_v they_o from_o their_o office_n without_o urge_v any_o thing_n but_o that_o according_a to_o their_o duty_n they_o may_v go_v to_o assist_v their_o age_a father_n which_o the_o emperor_n seldom_o refuse_v as_o to_o what_o concern_v their_o mourn_a three_o year_n the_o chinese_n philosopher_n give_v this_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v most_o fit_a those_o which_o in_o their_o first_o three_o year_n have_v receive_v their_o parent_n love_n shall_v spend_v so_o much_o time_n after_o their_o death_n in_o mourn_v and_o bewail_v their_o loss_n therefore_o it_o be_v no_o marvel_n that_o the_o chineses_n count_v it_o the_o great_a misfortune_n in_o the_o world_n to_o have_v no_o child_n because_o they_o know_v that_o no_o body_n will_v look_v after_o they_o in_o their_o age_n nor_o at_o their_o death_n mourn_v for_o they_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o make_v white_a to_o be_v mourn_v and_o not_o black_a be_v as_o themselves_o say_v because_o white_a be_v natural_a when_o as_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v die_v or_o artificial_a by_o which_o as_o they_o say_v be_v signify_v that_o in_o sorrow_n neither_o art_n nor_o pride_n must_v be_v show_v for_o where_o a_o true_a sorrow_n be_v nature_n sufficient_o express_v it_o thus_o far_o martinius_n with_o great_a preparation_n and_o pomp_n the_o emperor_n zungte_n father_n to_o this_o present_a emperor_n schall_n be_v inter_v the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o eight_o of_o their_o first_o moon_n after_o the_o emperor_n death_n his_o corpse_n be_v put_v into_o the_o coffin_n about_o noon_n there_o be_v not_o one_o tartar_n in_o all_o peking_n that_o serve_v in_o public_a affair_n but_o he_o go_v thither_o with_o his_o wife_n and_o daughter_n which_o so_o throng_v the_o court_n that_o none_o be_v able_a to_o get_v through_o the_o elder_a be_v receive_v into_o the_o first_o court_n next_o the_o emperor_n lodging_n where_o they_o all_o together_o bewail_v his_o death_n with_o many_o loud_a shriek_n and_o cry_n in_o which_o to_o admiration_n they_o obseâ—…e_v a_o exact_a time_n with_o stop_n and_o pause_n as_o in_o music_n after_o all_o the_o tartar_n divide_v into_o eight_o company_n let_v into_o the_o emperor_n hall_n by_o two_o and_o two_o there_o bewail_v his_o death_n they_o go_v away_o and_o make_v room_n for_o other_o so_o that_o the_o cry_v continue_v without_o any_o cessation_n the_o multitude_n still_o go_v out_o and_o come_v in_o mean_a while_n there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o that_o fast_v three_o day_n not_o dare_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o gate_n nor_o their_o servant_n suffer_v to_o bring_v they_o any_o refreshment_n father_n john_n adam_n schall_n at_o that_o time_n present_a there_o take_v compassion_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v ready_a to_o perish_v for_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n petition_v the_o governor_n either_o to_o furnish_v they_o with_o provision_n
on_o the_o public_a account_n or_o else_o set_v the_o multitude_n return_v home_o allege_v that_o there_o be_v woman_n among_o they_o and_o that_o their_o weak_a sex_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v such_o inconvenience_n and_o likewise_o ancient_a people_n that_o wear_v out_o with_o sickness_n be_v not_o use_v to_o undergo_v such_o hardship_n no_o soon_o be_v schal_n petition_v deliver_v but_o the_o governor_n look_v upon_o his_o request_n to_o be_v just_a let_v all_o the_o people_n go_v away_o with_o resolution_n that_o all_o the_o mandarin_n shall_v every_o morning_n for_o the_o seven_o follow_a day_n weep_v half_o a_o hour_n in_o the_o emperor_n chamber_n after_o which_o every_o one_o shall_v retire_v and_o observe_v the_o establish_a month_n of_o fast_v for_o the_o emperor_n the_o fourteen_o of_o the_o first_o new_a moon_n they_o give_v the_o new_a emperor_n konchi_n his_o oath_n at_o the_o performance_n whereof_o every_o bench_n be_v in_o particular_a lead_v into_o a_o hall_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o order_n go_v to_o the_o upper_a hall_n where_o have_v with_o the_o rest_n lament_v over_o the_o decease_a emperor_n body_n the_o oath_n be_v public_o read_v before_o they_o all_o to_o which_o they_o all_o show_v reverence_n by_o thrice_o kneel_v and_o bow_v their_o head_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o call_v upon_o the_o dead_a to_o witness_v the_o same_o then_o go_v from_o the_o court_n they_o go_v to_o a_o idol-temple_n where_o they_o give_v he_o the_o oath_n again_o and_o finish_v their_o begin_n work_v with_o the_o same_o ceremony_n when_o on_o the_o seven_o day_n after_o the_o emperor_n death_n the_o slight_a roof_n make_v of_o mat_n be_v take_v away_o the_o chief_a funeral-priest_n seat_v himself_o in_o the_o open_a court_n after_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v call_v into_o the_o hall_n and_o the_o rest_n stand_v at_o the_o door_n they_o begin_v again_o to_o cry_n which_o dure_v long_o than_o ordinary_a because_o the_o queen-mother_n be_v there_o present_a and_o begin_v first_o with_o all_o her_o woman_n then_o many_o silver_n and_o gold_n vessel_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o a_o tent_n erect_v for_o the_o corpse_n and_o table_n be_v also_o set_v about_o the_o coffin_n rich_o garnish_v with_o sweetmeat_n in_o silver_n charger_n all_o which_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o fire_n the_o remain_a time_n as_o from_o the_o first_o day_n when_o they_o go_v to_o lament_v the_o city_n servant_n and_o petty_a governor_n hold_v all_o that_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o his_o horse_n achievement_n flag_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o state_n stand_v in_o a_o row_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o palace_n from_o whence_o they_o stir_v not_o till_o the_o mandarin_n go_v away_o on_o the_o first_o of_o the_o second_o moon_n the_o cry_v and_o forementioned_a ceremony_n be_v again_o renew_v early_o in_o the_o morning_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o queen-mother_n and_o the_o table_n which_o four_o man_n can_v scarce_o carry_v be_v again_o with_o clothes_n carpet_n and_o the_o like_a throw_v into_o the_o fire_n the_o last_o day_n they_o meet_v to_o accompany_v the_o corpse_n which_o be_v place_v behind_o the_o palace_n in_o a_o hall_n on_o a_o neighbour_a mount_n which_o abound_v with_o deer_n heart_n stag_n and_o the_o like_a beast_n for_o the_o emperor_n recreation_n till_o the_o imperial_a tomb_n shall_v be_v make_v ready_a in_o some_o other_o place_n first_o the_o way_n which_o from_o the_o palace_n run_v to_o the_o mount_n be_v grabel_v and_o lay_v plain_a to_o prevent_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o dust_n to_o which_o inconvenience_n the_o street_n in_o peking_n be_v very_o subject_a thither_o come_v all_o the_o grandee_n habit_v in_o white_a mourn_a to_o accompany_v the_o corpse_n before_o go_v nine_o elephant_n with_o turret_n on_o their_o back_n forty_o camel_n caparison_v with_o red_a clothes_n and_o bridle_n plate_v with_o gold_n and_o rich_a symiter_n hang_v down_o by_o their_o neck_n be_v load_v with_o tent_n and_o other_o furniture_n then_o follow_v a_o hundred_o horse_n lead_v by_o yellow_a bridle_n without_o gold_n except_o the_o buckle_n which_o be_v only_o gild_a next_o in_o order_n be_v drum_n trumpets_z and_o other_o with_o instrumental_a music_n to_o the_o number_n of_o a_o hundred_o behind_o which_o be_v carry_v fifty_a gild_a hammer_n and_o above_o a_o hundred_o flag_n of_o several_a colour_n with_o wild_a beast_n bird_n and_o twenty_o eight_o star_n stitch_v with_o thrâ—…_n of_o gold_n then_o again_o fifty_o hammer_n after_o which_o be_v lead_v a_o hundred_o saddle_v horse_n the_o last_o thirty_o lade_v with_o rich_a flannel_n and_o the_o emperor_n clothes_n condemn_v to_o the_o fire_n next_o these_o come_v twenty_o youth_n every_o one_o hold_v a_o imperial_a quiver_n emboss_v with_o pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n beside_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o just_a before_o they_o walk_v twelve_o greyhound_n behind_o these_o come_v the_o emperor_n sedan_n bear_v by_o sixteen_o man_n in_o which_o when_o live_v he_o use_v to_o be_v carry_v rich_o gild_a and_o on_o the_o top_n adorn_v with_o a_o golden_a ball_n the_o bearer_n be_v clad_v in_o a_o livery_n of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n embroider_a with_o rose_n of_o gold_n next_o they_o be_v carry_v several_a gold_n and_o silver_n charger_n behind_o which_o follow_v the_o bier_n with_o the_o emperor_n corpse_n cover_v with_o cloth_n of_o tissue_n embroider_a with_o blue_a cloud_n and_o flower_n support_v by_o thirty_o two_o bearer_n all_o in_o a_o saffron-coloured_a livery_n and_o adorn_v with_o golden_a rose_n behind_o the_o corpse_n come_v soldier_n with_o pike_n and_o other_o arm_n then_o the_o emperor_n mother_n in_o a_o sedan_n cover_v with_o purple-silk_n next_o she_o seven_o more_o cover_v with_o white_a cotton_n in_o every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v a_o queen_n or_o concubine_n of_o the_o emperor_n than_o follow_v many_o grandee_n on_o foot_n last_o all_o the_o magistrate_n and_o those_o that_o show_v reverence_n by_o kneel_v and_o bow_v to_o the_o corpse_n as_o it_o pass_v by_o follow_v disorderly_o one_o among_o another_o to_o the_o grave_a which_o be_v environ_v with_o a_o wall_n but_o the_o multitude_n pull_v it_o down_o quick_o make_v room_n for_o all_o comer_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o first_o degree_n go_v into_o the_o base_a court_n before_o the_o hall_n where_o the_o bearer_n have_v set_v down_o the_o corpse_n stand_v and_o cry_v all_o together_o as_o likewise_o those_o that_o stand_v about_o they_o at_o length_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a vice-roys_n lift_v up_o a_o golden_a cup_n with_o wine_n three_o time_n they_o all_o bow_v their_o head_n down_o to_o the_o ground_n then_o the_o viceroy_n offer_v the_o forementioned_a cup_n as_o a_o oblation_n before_o the_o corpse_n stand_v a_o table_n strew_v full_a of_o silver_n and_o gold_n flower_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o perfume_n then_o they_o begin_v again_o to_o cry_v till_o they_o all_o go_v away_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o ceremony_n to_o be_v perform_v the_o next_o morning_n at_o every_o gate_n the_o chief_a viceroy_n offer_v before_o the_o coffin_n a_o cup_n with_o wine_n which_o he_o lift_v up_o three_o time_n as_o before_o and_o then_o deliver_v it_o to_o a_o prime_a councillor_n who_o put_v it_o aside_o to_o be_v offer_v again_o at_o last_o with_o the_o rest_n the_o next_o morning_n be_v the_o twenty_o seven_o day_n after_o the_o emperor_n death_n they_o all_o meet_v again_o by_o the_o corpse_n and_o every_o one_o stand_v in_o their_o appoint_a place_n begin_v their_o general_a lamentation_n have_v perform_v all_o ceremony_n as_o on_o the_o day_n before_o the_o letter_n give_v by_o the_o emperor_n to_o his_o son_n contain_v the_o praise_n due_a to_o the_o decease_a be_v public_o read_v whereupon_o the_o magistrate_n double_v their_o shriek_n and_o cry_n return_v into_o the_o base_a court_n whilst_o four_o of_o the_o chief_a person_n of_o quality_n go_v to_o the_o paper_n mountain_n cover_v with_o yellow_a silk_n carry_v in_o a_o open_a cloth_n a_o sable_a suit_n of_o the_o decease_a emperor_n with_o his_o hat_n raise_v on_o the_o crown_n with_o pearl_n and_o diamond_n and_o likewise_o a_o sable_a quilt_n whereon_o to_o lay_v his_o head_n other_o in_o ten_o carpet_n bear_v ten_o several_a suit_n more_o of_o the_o emperor_n and_o saddle_n and_o caparison_n for_o horse_n be_v also_o lay_v on_o the_o heap_n beside_o flag_n fan_n gold_n plate_n and_o the_o emperor_n sedan_n all_o which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o heap_n of_o paper_n cover_v with_o yellow_a silk_n they_o set_v on_o fire_n and_o throw_v in_o the_o table_n full_a of_o flannel_n clothes_n many_o gold_n and_o silver_n vessel_n which_o be_v melt_v stream_v down_o the_o hill_n like_o a_o rivulet_n then_o the_o governor_n untie_v their_o girdle_n which_o be_v of_o
white_a cloth_n they_o have_v fasten_v about_o their_o middle_n and_o so_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o flame_n they_o be_v release_v of_o their_o mourn_a last_o they_o pull_v off_o all_o their_o mourn_a habit_n and_o leave_v it_o there_o go_v home_o three_o day_n after_o the_o prime_a governor_n of_o the_o first_o order_n come_v thither_o with_o the_o tartar_n the_o chinese_n be_v lock_v out_o and_o prepare_v a_o new_a funeral_n at_o which_o they_o use_v the_o same_o ceremony_n carry_v fan_n and_o lead_v horse_n and_o camel_n the_o same_o four_o grandee_n bring_v another_o suit_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o a_o hat_n have_v only_o one_o great_a pearl_n on_o the_o crown_n which_o they_o as_o before_o throw_v on_o paper_n heap_n and_o likewise_o some_o saddle_n beset_v with_o pearl_n and_o diamond_n which_o do_v every_o one_o return_v home_o all_o these_o ceremony_n be_v renew_v from_o day_n to_o day_n till_o the_o hundred_o day_n during_o which_o time_n no_o music_n may_v be_v hear_v nor_o any_o play_v act_v through_o all_o the_o city_n and_o they_o continue_v mourning_n after_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o tartar_n watch_n by_o the_o coffin_n continual_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o two_o year_n when_o the_o time_n be_v come_v to_o carry_v the_o corpse_n to_o the_o appoint_a grave_n twenty_o four_o league_n from_o the_o city_n of_o peking_n all_o the_o mandarin_n conduct_v the_o corpse_n on_o foot_n out_o of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o take_v leave_v of_o it_o on_o their_o bend_a knee_n zungte_v the_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o tartary_n make_v some_o year_n since_o a_o very_a great_a scall_z funeral_n for_o one_o of_o his_o concubine_n which_o be_v after_o this_o manner_n he_o accompany_v the_o corpse_n in_o person_n out_o of_o his_o palace_n gate_n where_o the_o body_n be_v lay_v in_o state_n till_o the_o expiration_n of_o a_o hundred_o day_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o to_o be_v burn_v and_o by_o his_o order_n to_o have_v offering_n make_v for_o it_o every_o four_o day_n the_o material_n for_o which_o beside_o the_o other_o preparation_n cost_v the_o emperor_n above_o ten_o thousand_o ducat_n among_o other_o wasteful_a ceremony_n he_o cause_v all_o the_o table_n with_o their_o silken_a clothes_n to_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o fire_n the_o bier_n follow_v as_o we_o say_v before_o by_o the_o emperor_n be_v cover_v with_o velvet_n before_o it_o be_v carry_v three_o sedan_n seem_v to_o be_v all_o gold_n though_o only_o gild_a which_o be_v beset_v with_o precious_a stone_n make_v a_o glorious_a show_n before_o the_o sedan_n go_v three_o wains_n draw_v by_o horse_n which_o be_v cover_v on_o the_o top_n be_v also_o rich_o gild_a thousand_o of_o people_n make_v daily_o a_o great_a cry_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ceremony_n be_v all_o like_a the_o forementioned_a in_o which_o they_o say_v be_v spend_v eight_o hundred_o thousand_o ducat_n with_o a_o peculiar_a magnificence_n and_o splendour_n be_v former_o solemnize_v the_o funeral_n of_o a_o chinese_n emperor_n and_o empress_n semedo_n describe_v that_o of_o the_o empress_n mother_n to_o the_o emperor_n vanlie_n who_o decease_a anno_fw-la 1614_o on_o the_o last_o of_o may_n in_o the_o follow_a word_n i._o that_o all_o the_o mandarin_n as_o well_o military_a as_o civil_a shall_v on_o the_o follow_a day_n appear_v in_o the_o palace_n to_o mourn_v for_o the_o empress_n death_n which_o be_v do_v they_o shall_v immediate_o go_v again_o to_o their_o house_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o there_o spend_v three_o day_n in_o abstain_v from_o flesh_n fish_n egg_n and_o wine_n that_o the_o follow_v three_o day_n they_o shall_v attend_v at_o the_o palace_n gate_n and_o one_o by_o one_o come_v and_o visit_v the_o corpse_n with_o due_a reverence_n and_o show_v of_o great_a sorrow_n after_o which_o every_o one_o may_v return_v home_o ii_o that_o all_o the_o mandarin_n wife_n of_o the_o four_o first_o order_n shall_v for_o three_o day_n be_v there_o present_a in_o mourn_a apparel_n from_o head_n to_o foot_n and_o bewail_v the_o empress_n death_n strict_o forbid_v to_o dress_v themselves_o or_o wear_v jewel_n in_o their_o house_n during_o twenty_o seven_o day_n iii_o that_o those_o of_o the_o emperor_n council_n call_v hanlim_n shall_v make_v epitaph_n and_o funeral_n oration_n in_o praise_n of_o the_o empress_n iv._o that_o the_o quanlosu_n which_o be_v the_o overseer_n of_o the_o emperor_n treasury_n shall_v without_o delay_n pay_v all_o the_o charge_n which_o will_v be_v requisite_a for_o the_o offering_n and_o funeral_n v._o that_o the_o bonzy_n shall_v toll_n the_o bell_n of_o their_o several_a temple_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o mourn_v and_o sorrow_n vi_o that_o no_o meat_n shall_v be_v sell_v in_o the_o market_n for_o seventeen_o day_n and_o every_o one_o fast_o according_a to_o the_o emperor_n example_n who_o for_o the_o three_o first_o day_n do_v eat_v only_o a_o little_a rice_n and_o water_n and_o all_o his_o retinue_n nothing_o but_o root_n vii_o the_o prime_a councillor_n of_o their_o law_n be_v command_v to_o give_v mourn_v to_o all_o ambassador_n and_o agent_n then_o present_a at_o the_o court_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o the_o palace_n to_o show_v reverence_n to_o the_o corpse_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n viii_o that_o all_o the_o mandarin_n which_o have_v serve_v out_o the_o time_n of_o their_o employment_n or_o those_o that_o aim_v at_o other_o place_n shall_v also_o come_v to_o the_o palace_n and_o show_v reverence_n and_o perform_v their_o duty_n in_o mourn_v over_o the_o corpse_n three_o day_n ix_o that_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o city_n shall_v come_v every_o morning_n and_o evening_n for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a week_n to_o the_o chief_a governor_n palace_n and_o there_o show_v reverence_n they_o also_o send_v letter_n to_o all_o the_o mandarin_n distribute_v through_o all_o the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n that_o after_o they_o have_v receive_v tiding_n of_o the_o empress_n decease_n they_o shall_v use_v all_o mean_n possible_a to_o make_v their_o relation_n both_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n show_v reverence_n by_o three_o time_n kneel_v and_o bow_v of_o their_o head_n and_o beside_o other_o ceremony_n mourn_v twenty_o seven_o day_n this_o order_n be_v express_o give_v to_o all_o mandarin_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v in_o office_n as_o other_o whether_o civil_a or_o military_a it_o be_v likewise_o order_v that_o the_o burgess_n shall_v wear_v a_o mourn_a hat_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o day_n they_o also_o forbid_v that_o any_o instrument_n shall_v be_v touch_v either_o in_o the_o mandarin_n palace_n or_o house_n or_o in_o any_o place_n wherein_o traveller_n be_v lodge_v upon_o the_o emperor_n charge_n this_o be_v proclaim_v by_o certain_a mandarin_n that_o follow_v no_o other_o employment_n after_o all_o these_o ceremony_n before_o the_o funeral_n the_o great_a magician_n at_o the_o court_n in_o peking_n be_v command_v to_o choose_v the_o day_n wherein_o the_o remain_a funeral_n pomp_n be_v to_o be_v solemnize_v after_o much_o study_n and_o care_n he_o pitch_v upon_o the_o nine_o day_n of_o the_o six_o moon_n be_v four_o month_n after_o the_o empress_n death_n for_o the_o coffin_n to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o palace_n and_o the_o fifteen_o of_o the_o same_o month_n to_o the_o grave_a the_o time_n be_v come_v the_o follow_a order_n be_v publish_v to_o be_v observe_v at_o the_o funeral_n i._o that_o all_o the_o mandarin_n of_o the_o court_n shall_v with_o the_o chief_a councillor_n six_o day_n before_o go_v out_o of_o their_o house_n into_o their_o several_a chamber_n at_o court_n and_o there_o fast_o three_o day_n as_o be_v before_o mention_v ii_o that_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o emperor_n revenue_n shall_v prepare_v all_o neçessaries_n as_o torch_n perfume_n image_n of_o man_n horse_n lion_n elephant_n silk_n umbrella_n and_o other_o ornamental_n to_o be_v burn_v at_o the_o grave_a the_o charge_n whereof_o be_v say_v to_o amount_v to_o thirty_o thousand_o escu_n iii_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n hanlim_n shall_v make_v new_a funeral_n elegy_n iv._o because_o the_o emperor_n intend_v to_o accompany_v the_o corpse_n to_o the_o grave_a about_o seven_o league_n from_o the_o palace_n happen_v to_o be_v somewhat_o indispose_v he_o will_v send_v a_o grand_a courtier_n in_o his_o stead_n to_o perform_v that_o necessary_a duty_n v._o the_o martial_a officer_n must_v keep_v watch_n in_o the_o city_n and_o by_o the_o grave_a and_o also_o to_o guard_v the_o corpse_n thither_o at_o every_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v nine_a stand_v a_o thousand_o arm_a man_n from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o corpse_n lie_v to_o the_o grave_a the_o way_n on_o both_o side_n be_v guard_v by_o soldier_n three_o thousand_o conduct_v the_o body_n and_o
forty_o thousand_o be_v choose_v to_o watch_n by_o the_o grave_a during_o the_o whole_a time_n of_o the_o funeral_n ceremony_n vi_o all_o the_o street_n from_o the_o palace_n to_o the_o grave_n must_v be_v rail_v in_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o free_a passage_n on_o each_o side_n to_o prevent_v crowd_v and_o likewise_o at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o twenty_o pace_n must_v stand_v basket_n with_o yellow_a sand_n to_o damp_n the_o dust_n from_o rise_v in_o those_o place_n through_o which_o the_o corpse_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v beside_o tent_n and_o pavilion_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v the_o horse_n vii_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o treasury_n have_v order_n to_o provide_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o mandarin_n relation_n commander_n soldier_n and_o all_o those_o that_o attend_v the_o funeral_n viii_o that_o three_o day_n before_o the_o burial_n they_o shall_v renew_v their_o mourn_a show_v reverence_n and_o make_v offering_n as_o they_o have_v do_v at_o the_o beginning_n all_o thing_n thus_o prepare_v the_o emperor_n and_o the_o prince_n his_o son_n go_v with_o all_o his_o officer_n to_o the_o temple_n of_o their_o predecessor_n which_o be_v in_o the_o imperial_a palace_n where_o the_o emperor_n in_o close_o mourn_v show_v reverence_n to_o the_o first_o raiser_n of_o his_o family_n and_o offer_v many_o silk_n coat_n and_o wine_n to_o the_o decease_a then_o he_o cause_v a_o book_n to_o be_v read_v which_o have_v be_v write_v in_o the_o praise_n of_o they_o which_o be_v with_o many_o other_o ceremony_n perform_v they_o return_v to_o the_o palace_n whilst_o by_o the_o emperor_n order_n coat_n and_o other_o ornamental_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o fire_n and_o burn_v during_o the_o eight_o day_n which_o be_v yet_o remain_v they_o offer_v to_o the_o heaven_n earth_n planet_n mountain_n and_o stream_n then_o reverence_n be_v also_o show_v by_o the_o emperor_n order_n to_o the_o spiritual_a protector_n of_o the_o nine_o palace_n gate_n through_o which_o the_o corpse_n be_v to_o be_v carry_v the_o like_a also_o be_v do_v to_o the_o six_o bridge_n of_o the_o river_n which_o run_v before_o the_o palace_n offer_v at_o all_o those_o place_n beast_n wine_n and_o perfume_v the_o coffin_n with_o the_o corpse_n be_v place_v on_o a_o triumphal_a arch_n rich_o wrought_v and_o hang_v with_o silk_n interweave_v with_o gold_n and_o in_o many_o place_n plate_v with_o gold_n engrave_v with_o lion_n dragon_n and_o the_o like_a about_o it_o stand_v a_o great_a many_o torch_n and_o vessel_n with_o perfume_n the_o five_o day_n appoint_v by_o the_o magician_n to_o carry_v out_o the_o corpse_n the_o emperor_n appear_v with_o his_o wife_n child_n and_o ally_n at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o chariot_n stand_v have_v cry_v for_o the_o decease_a he_o offer_v to_o their_o god_n of_o the_o spirit_n so_o to_o conduct_v she_o that_o she_o may_v have_v a_o happy_a journey_n to_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o peace_n and_o quietness_n those_o that_o be_v command_v to_o attend_v the_o corpse_n in_o the_o name_n and_o place_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o to_o make_v offering_n at_o the_o appoint_a place_n be_v all_o in_o a_o readiness_n under_o the_o first_o gate_n where_o they_o no_o soon_o receive_v the_o hearse_n but_o they_o begin_v to_o walk_v in_o such_o a_o handsome_a order_n state_n and_o silence_n as_o be_v wonderful_a to_o behold_v get_v that_o day_n no_o far_o than_o without_o the_o wall_n where_o stop_v at_o the_o appoint_a place_n they_o put_v the_o corpse_n under_o a_o pavilion_n make_v offering_n on_o table_n place_v for_o that_o purpose_n burn_a perfume_n and_o perform_v all_o other_o ceremony_n which_o no_o soon_o do_v but_o a_o messenger_n be_v send_v to_o the_o emperor_n to_o inform_v he_o that_o they_o be_v get_v thither_o and_o have_v perform_v their_o duty_n the_o follow_a day_n they_o begin_v with_o those_o ceremony_n with_o which_o they_o have_v end_v the_o last_o night_n and_o then_o proceed_v on_o their_o journey_n which_o last_v thirteen_o day_n because_o of_o the_o offering_n and_o stop_n which_o they_o make_v by_o the_o way_n to_o the_o mount_n where_o the_o emperor_n tomb_n be_v the_o concourse_n of_o people_n from_o all_o place_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o be_v past_a number_n when_o the_o whole_a train_n be_v come_v thither_o the_o corpse_n be_v take_v off_o from_o the_o chariot_n and_o place_v upon_o another_o stately_a and_o triumphal_a one_o no_o less_o costly_a than_o the_o first_o then_o they_o offer_v a_o steer_v which_o they_o sprinkle_v with_o wine_n beside_o coat_n and_o perfume_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o prayer_n to_o the_o god_n of_o the_o spirit_n that_o he_o will_v receive_v the_o corpse_n at_o the_o same_o time_n nine_o mandarin_n send_v from_o the_o emperor_n observe_v the_o like_a ceremony_n and_o offer_v to_o all_o the_o emperor_n predecessor_n that_o lay_v in_o that_o place_n on_o the_o funeral_n day_n be_v the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o six_o moon_n they_o make_v several_a offering_n to_o conclude_v their_o ceremony_n of_o which_o and_o what_o they_o have_v do_v by_o the_o way_n they_o give_v a_o account_n to_o the_o emperor_n who_o show_v his_o bounty_n to_o those_o that_o have_v be_v careful_a in_o the_o observe_n of_o they_o and_o express_v his_o affection_n to_o his_o mother_n in_o show_v reverence_n to_o she_o after_o her_o death_n and_o for_o her_o sake_n release_v all_o prisoner_n that_o have_v commit_v but_o small_a crime_n it_o be_v also_o order_v that_o those_o province_n which_o be_v too_o high_o tax_v shall_v have_v a_o abatement_n he_o take_v off_o likewise_o many_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o import_v good_n and_o distribute_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n many_o thousand_o of_o ducat_n wrap_v up_o in_o paper_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n be_v all_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o decease_a with_o the_o same_o ceremony_n a_o chinese_n emperor_n funeral_n be_v solemnize_v when_o a_o emperor_n lie_v on_o his_o deathbed_n and_o that_o the_o physician_n begin_v to_o semedo_fw-la despair_v of_o his_o recovery_n the_o colaos_n or_o chief_a relation_n and_o the_o prime_a controller_n of_o the_o palace_n call_v suikien_n come_v to_o visit_v he_o and_o to_o know_v his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n from_o his_o own_o mouth_n and_o the_o content_n of_o his_o testament_n then_o they_o private_o go_v to_o the_o prince_n which_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o consult_v with_o he_o that_o they_o may_v do_v nothing_o against_o his_o will_n who_o be_v ready_a to_o enter_v on_o the_o throne_n be_v thus_o inform_v of_o the_o one_o thing_n and_o the_o other_o they_o write_v down_o the_o will_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o emperor_n that_o he_o may_v approve_v and_o allow_v of_o it_o from_o thence_o they_o go_v and_o show_v it_o to_o the_o prime_a councillor_n call_v hanhyven_v who_o ingross_v all_o the_o emperor_n business_n which_o be_v do_v the_o will_n be_v seal_v with_o the_o imperial_a seal_n and_o keep_v in_o the_o star-chamber_n belong_v to_o the_o emperorâ—…_n council_n so_o long_o as_o the_o emperor_n live_v after_o his_o decease_n they_o show_v it_o to_o the_o court_n of_o judicatory_a that_o they_o may_v proclaim_v it_o in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o observe_v it_o punctual_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o neighbourhood_n sin_n with_o the_o indian_n lay_v the_o dead_a corpse_n on_o heap_n of_o wood_n and_o burn_v it_o but_o those_o that_o study_v the_o chinese_n philosophy_n observe_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o other_o chineses_n and_o use_v coffin_n but_o though_o they_o burn_v their_o dead_a yet_o they_o consume_v not_o live_v person_n with_o they_o as_o the_o indian_n do_v for_o the_o chineses_n account_v it_o barbarous_a and_o not_o to_o be_v admit_v among_o the_o law_n of_o civilise_a men._n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n sintien_n in_o the_o province_n of_o queicheu_o express_v great_a sorrow_n for_o either_o father_n or_o mother_n death_n by_o cut_v off_o the_o hair_n of_o their_o head_n the_o chineses_n as_o martinius_n witness_v be_v no_o less_o curious_a than_o superstitious_a in_o choose_v the_o ground_n for_o their_o grave_n judge_v that_o all_o their_o fortune_n and_o happiness_n depend_v upon_o it_o because_o of_o a_o be_v for_o the_o dragon_n to_o who_o they_o ascribe_v their_o salvation_n wherefore_o they_o observe_v the_o shape_n of_o the_o hill_n on_o which_o they_o intend_v to_o make_v their_o grave_n and_o dig_v up_o the_o ground_n not_o spare_v either_o cost_n or_o charge_n hope_v to_o find_v the_o head_n heart_n or_o tail_n of_o a_o dragon_n for_o they_o believe_v that_o thereby_o all_o happiness_n and_o good_a fortune_n will_v attend_v the_o deceased_n successor_n many_o
people_n experience_v in_o this_o art_n go_v through_o all_o china_n and_o observe_v the_o shape_n of_o hill_n just_a as_o the_o astronomer_n take_v their_o view_n of_o the_o star_n government_n in_o the_o first_o age_n before_o the_o general_a deluge_n the_o government_n of_o china_n be_v divide_v among_o tribe_n or_o family_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o every_o tribe_n have_v his_o own_o government_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o ancient_a father_n abraham_n and_o lot_n but_o since_o anno_fw-la 2952._o before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n they_o have_v be_v govern_v by_o one_o sole_a monarch_n or_o emperor_n for_o the_o name_n of_o the_o two_o other_o form_n of_o government_n viz._n aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n the_o chineses_n have_v never_o hear_v of_o nay_o the_o netherlands_n agent_n that_o be_v send_v anno_fw-la 1655._o to_o the_o great_a cham_n emperor_n of_o east-tartary_n and_o china_n have_v great_a trouble_n with_o the_o chinese_n and_o tartar_n to_o make_v they_o understand_v the_o two_o last_o form_n of_o government_n which_o they_o can_v not_o apprehend_v the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v sole_a master_n of_o the_o life_n good_n and_o chattel_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n he_o only_o be_v chief_a lord_n of_o all_o wherefore_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n may_v just_o be_v call_v a_o perfect_a and_o absolute_a monarchy_n it_o be_v without_o doubt_n that_o in_o ancient_a time_n under_o one_o supreme_a governor_n trigaut_n be_v several_a substitute_n lord_n as_o dukes_z marquess_n earl_n and_o the_o like_a but_o eighteen_o or_o nineteen_o hundred_o year_n since_o those_o title_n of_o peculiar_a government_n and_o power_n be_v at_o once_o take_v away_o and_o root_v out_o only_o in_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n be_v free_a lord_n or_o duke_n to_o this_o day_n that_o have_v their_o peculiar_a dominion_n which_o be_v in_o no_o place_n else_o in_o china_n yet_o they_o acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n but_o govern_v with_o a_o arbitrary_a power_n over_o their_o country_n and_o succeed_v each_o other_o in_o their_o government_n the_o emperor_n according_a to_o a_o ancient_a custom_n yet_o in_o force_n regard_v not_o 7._o their_o subject_n but_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o slave_n though_o they_o be_v or_o have_v be_v never_o so_o great_a magistrate_n for_o because_o the_o sole_a government_n consist_v in_o the_o power_n of_o one_o only_a they_o esteem_v themselves_o master_n of_o every_o man_n good_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o life_n of_o their_o subject_n therefore_o no_o honour_n or_o preeminency_n be_v give_v but_o by_o the_o emperor_n neither_o be_v the_o ascent_n to_o the_o great_a place_n of_o dignity_n lock_v up_o from_o any_o sort_n of_o people_n though_o the_o scum_n of_o the_o commonalty_n but_o open_v to_o every_o one_o at_o the_o emperor_n pleasure_n for_o which_o reason_n he_o be_v by_o every_o one_o honour_a as_o a_o god_n on_o who_o all_o thing_n depend_v and_o by_o his_o severe_a government_n be_v terrible_a and_o to_o be_v fear_v from_o hence_o it_o often_o proceed_v that_o for_o the_o small_a occasion_n the_o most_o deserve_a person_n be_v by_o he_o bereave_v of_o their_o employment_n and_o other_o punish_v with_o death_n especial_o those_o who_o valour_n and_o experience_n in_o martial_a affair_n may_v upon_o the_o least_o suspicion_n be_v fear_v this_o be_v not_o unknown_a to_o colonel_n and_o general_n especial_o the_o grandee_n which_o command_v great_a army_n who_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v no_o less_o mistrustful_a of_o the_o emperor_n than_o he_o suspicious_a of_o they_o from_o whence_o they_o often_o rise_v to_o a_o rebellion_n or_o mutiny_n for_o if_o they_o after_o a_o conquest_n against_o their_o enemy_n have_v discharge_v their_o soldier_n they_o know_v they_o can_v escape_v death_n which_o not_o deserve_v they_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o make_v themselves_o to_o be_v fear_v by_o their_o valiant_a and_o heroic_a exploit_n from_o whence_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n arise_v continual_a mutiny_n in_o china_n and_o the_o great_a the_o mutiny_n be_v the_o fierce_a they_o be_v maintain_v by_o every_o one_o without_o respect_n of_o faithfulness_n the_o chineses_n before_o the_o european_n come_v thither_o firm_o believe_v that_o their_o martin_n empire_n contain_v almost_o the_o whole_a world_n not_o reckon_v their_o neighbour_a kingdom_n they_o make_v their_o emperor_n governor_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n and_o call_v he_o lord_n of_o all_o according_a to_o semedo_n the_o lady_n of_o honour_n relation_n and_o other_o belong_v to_o the_o palace_n call_v the_o emperor_n chu_n and_o sometime_o tienzu_n that_o be_v son_n of_o heaven_n not_o that_o they_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v bear_v in_o heaven_n but_o that_o they_o look_v upon_o the_o empire_n as_o the_o gift_n of_o heaven_n and_o also_o to_o make_v the_o respect_n due_a to_o the_o imperial_a majesty_n the_o great_a and_o to_o seem_v sacred_a the_o chinese_n emperor_n say_v father_n martin_n be_v by_o his_o subject_n call_v tienzu_n that_o be_v son_n of_o heaven_n not_o that_o they_o derive_v his_o original_a from_o thence_o or_o that_o he_o be_v bear_v there_o but_o they_o call_v he_o son_n of_o heaven_n because_o he_o be_v belove_v above_o all_o other_o man_n and_o have_v on_o earth_n give_v he_o as_o they_o say_v the_o great_a dignity_n heaven_n can_v afford_v and_o because_o the_o chineses_n oftentimes_o take_v heaven_n god_n and_o the_o supreme_a godhead_n to_o be_v all_o one_o therefore_o the_o son_n of_o heaven_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v with_o they_o the_o son_n of_o god_n thus_o far_o martinius_n but_o the_o common_a and_o most_o esteem_a name_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v hoangti_n or_o hoamti_n that_o be_v according_a to_o semedo_n and_o trigaut_n emperor_n or_o supreme_a emperor_n but_o according_a to_o martinius_n sole_a emperor_n or_o emperor_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o say_v be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n for_o a_o distinction_n from_o zangti_n that_o be_v supreme_a emperor_n or_o god_n the_o governor_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n the_o first_o emperor_n which_o be_v call_v hoangti_n reign_v in_o anno_fw-la 2690._o before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n for_o who_o excellent_a virtue_n and_o public_a invention_n the_o please_a sound_n of_o his_o name_n be_v so_o belove_v that_o ever_o since_o all_o their_o prince_n have_v be_v call_v hoangti_n as_o the_o german_a emperor_n from_o their_o first_o caesar._n there_o be_v yet_o two_o other_o name_n which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n of_o king_n semedo_fw-la or_o emperor_n the_o one_o be_v kium_n which_o they_o use_v to_o name_v strange_a king_n by_o and_o the_o other_o va_o which_o be_v a_o name_n for_o the_o emperor_n child_n to_o which_o by_o add_v the_o word_n kium_n they_o make_v a_o compound_n word_n kiumvam_n which_o signify_v imperial_a it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o a_o new_a choose_a emperor_n change_v his_o name_n like_o a_o new_a elect_a pope_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o some_o of_o his_o predecessor_n in_o stead_n of_o his_o own_o this_o name_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o they_o write_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o proclamation_n and_o on_o their_o coin_n be_v take_v from_o a_o peculiar_a person_n extract_v of_o royal-blood_n martinius_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o those_o of_o the_o imperial_a blood_n or_o family_n be_v by_o simn_v the_o chineses_n call_v fansu_v as_o also_o by_o the_o tartar_n only_o with_o addition_n of_o the_o letter_n r_o which_o the_o chinese_n can_v pronounce_v and_o that_o fansur_n or_o facsur_n and_o fansu_n or_o fansur_n signify_v a_o royal_a or_o imperial_a house_n the_o empire_n of_o china_n from_o anno_fw-la 2207._o before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n have_v have_v a_o successive_a and_o hereditary_a government_n for_o at_o the_o father_n death_n the_o elder_a son_n succeed_v and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o male-heir_n than_o the_o near_a relation_n if_o the_o empress_n say_v semedo_n the_o lawful_a wife_n of_o the_o emperor_n have_v a_o son_n in_o what_o time_n soever_o he_o be_v bear_v he_o take_v place_n before_o all_o those_o that_o be_v beget_v by_o his_o concubine_n though_o bear_v before_o he_o but_o if_o the_o empress_n have_v no_o son_n than_o the_o first-born_a or_o elder_a of_o a_o concubine_n who_o ever_o she_o be_v be_v always_o elect_v but_o ancient_o from_o anno_fw-la 2992._o to_o anno_fw-la 2207._o before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n the_o nine_o first_o emperor_n be_v elective_a and_o choose_v by_o the_o most_o voice_n and_o take_v not_o by_o succession_n but_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o nine_o emperor_n thou_o his_o son_n khi_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o family_n of_o hia_n be_v for_o his_o goodness_n and_o great_a desert_n by_o general_a suffrage_n confirm_v emperor_n in_o his_o father_n stead_n so_o that_o the_o custom_n of_o election_n be_v
zukeng_v 7_o 1258_o xxii_o zukia_fw-la 2_o 1225_o xxiii_o linsin_n 63_o 1219_o xxiv_o kent_v 21_o 1198_o xxv_o uvye_fw-mi 4_o 1194_o xxvi_o tait_v 3_o 1191_o xxvii_o tiye_o 37_o 1154_o xxviii_o vhe_fw-it 33_o after_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o house_n of_o xang_n rise_v the_o family_n cheu_n anno_fw-la 1122._o and_o flourish_v till_o anno_fw-la 247._o before_o our_o savior_n nativity_n under_o thirty_o seven_o emperor_n the_o first_o of_o they_o be_v a_o prince_n call_v fa_n who_o when_o he_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n change_v his_o name_n to_o five_o which_o signify_v valiant_a and_o they_o say_v that_o from_o he_o all_o the_o emperor_n since_o at_o their_o enter_v on_o the_o throne_n change_v their_o name_n he_o possess_v in_o the_o province_n xensi_fw-la a_o country_n name_v cheu_n from_o whence_o the_o family_n receive_v their_o denomination_n before_o christ_n birth_n reign_v year_n 1078_o i._n fa_o or_o u_o 7_o 1115_o ii_o ching_n 38_o 1122_o iii_o kang_n 26_o 1056_o iu_o cha_n 51_o 1001_o v._o mother_n 55_o 946_o vi_o cung_n 12_o 934_o vii_o be_v 25_o 894_o viii_o hia_n 15_o 896_o ix_o be_v 16_o 878_o x._o li_n 38_o 827_o xi_o siveni_fw-la 46_o 781_o xii_o je_fw-fr 11_o 770_o xiii_o ping_n 51_o 719_o fourteen_o you_o 23_o 696_o xv._n chuang_n 15_o 631_o xvi_o li_z 5_o 676_o xvii_o hoei_fw-it 25_o 651_o xviii_o siang_n 33_o 618_o xix_o hiang_n 6_o 612_o xx._n quang_n 6_o 606_o xxi_o fing_v 21_o 585_o xxii_o kien_fw-fr 14_o 571_o xxiii_o ling_n 27_o 544_o xxiv_o king_n 25_o 519_o xxv_o king_n 44_o between_o which_o be_v the_o emperor_n menguen_o who_o reign_v scarce_o a_o month_n  _fw-fr reign_v  _fw-fr year_n 475_o xxvi_o yuen_n 7_o 468_o xxvii_o chint_v 27_o 440_o xxx_o ka_o 15_o ka_o be_v account_v the_o thirty_o for_o after_o chintung_n death_n his_o other_o son_n be_v kiucie_a and_o xocie_n attempt_v for_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n be_v account_v as_o be_v two_o viz._n the_o twenty_o eight_o and_o twenty_o nine_o because_o they_o act_v for_o some_o time_n but_o at_o last_o ka_o master_v they_o become_v absolute_a and_o so_o be_v reckon_v the_o thirty_o  _fw-fr reign_v year_n 542_o xxxi_o gueilie_n 24_o 401_o xxxii_o begin_v 26_o 375_o xxxiii_o lie_v 7_o 368_o xxxiv_o hien_n 48_o 322_o xxxv_o xicini_fw-la 6_o 314_o xxxvi_o foe_n 59_o 254_o xxxvii_o cheukuni_fw-la 9_o after_o the_o house_n of_o cheu_n come_v the_o family_n cin_n under_o their_o advancer_n ching_n who_o be_v afterward_o call_v xi_o in_o the_o year_n 246._o and_o continue_v but_o to_o anno_fw-la 206._o  _fw-fr reign_v year_n 246_o i._n ching_n or_o xi_o 37_o 209_o ii_o ulxi_fw-la 3_o 206_o iii_o ing_n 46_o after_o the_o family_n cin_n the_o house_n of_o han_n follow_v which_o flourish_v till_o anno_fw-la 264._o after_o christ._n the_o first_o raiser_n of_o this_o house_n be_v before_o the_o nativity_n reign_v year_n 206_o i._n lieupang_v or_o kaozu_n 17_o 194_o ii_o hoei_fw-la 7_o 187_o iii_o liuheva_n a_o woman_n 8_o 179_o iu_o veni_fw-la 23_o 156_o v._o hiaok_v 16_o 140_o vi_o hiaou_fw-la 54_o 86_o vii_o hiaoche_n 12_o 74_o viii_o ho_o 7_o 73_o ix_o siveni_fw-la 25_o 48_o x._o juen_v 16_o 32_o xi_o ching_n 26_o 6_o xii_o ngay_n 6_o these_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o emperor_n every_o one_o in_o their_o family_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n according_a as_o they_o be_v write_v in_o the_o chinese_n chronicle_n translate_v into_o latin_a by_o father_n martin_n but_o those_o that_o have_v reign_v since_o the_o incarnation_n i_o have_v receive_v no_o account_n of_o be_v not_o yet_o render_v to_o we_o in_o any_o other_o language_n after_o the_o family_n of_o han_n arise_v that_o of_o cyn_n and_o flourish_v after_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n till_o anno_fw-la 1419._o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v also_o five_o king_n call_v utai_n which_o maintain_v war_n against_o one_o another_o till_o by_o their_o ruin_n the_o family_n tangle_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o china_n which_o they_o keep_v till_o anno_fw-la 618._o in_o the_o year_n 923._o the_o family_n sing_v succeed_v that_o of_o tangle_n and_o reign_v over_o all_o china_n till_o anno_fw-la 1278._o when_o this_o house_n be_v utter_o subdue_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o set_v up_o the_o family_n of_o juen_v which_o govern_v china_n till_o 1368._o in_o which_o year_n rise_v the_o house_n of_o taim_v from_o a_o priest_n call_v chu_n who_o drive_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o china_n but_o this_o family_n be_v once_o anno_fw-la 1644._o destroy_v and_o by_o a_o huge_a rebellion_n the_o east_n tartar_n of_o munchu_n be_v invite_v to_o aid_v the_o prince_n but_o the_o way_n once_o open_v they_o swallow_v all_o and_o from_o their_o prince_n name_v the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n taise_v the_o magistrate_n or_o governor_n in_o china_n take_v in_o general_a be_v of_o two_o degree_n or_o order_n the_o first_o be_v such_o as_o not_o only_o in_o the_o metropolis_n officiate_v the_o place_n of_o privy_a councillor_n but_o from_o thence_o have_v influence_n over_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o other_o be_v such_o as_o govern_v peculiar_a province_n or_o city_n the_o general_a government_n or_o that_o of_o the_o first_o degree_n be_v by_o alvarez_n semedo_n describe_v in_o the_o follow_a word_n the_o prime_a government_n of_o china_n consist_v in_o six_o bench_n chamber_n or_o court_n which_o by_o a_o general_a name_n be_v call_v judicature_n pu_o that_o be_v the_o king_n bench_n these_o manage_v not_o only_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o court_n where_o they_o reside_v but_o like_o the_o head_n on_o which_o all_o the_o other_o depend_v rule_n and_o give_v order_n to_o they_o according_a to_o their_o several_a place_n every_o council_n have_v his_o precedent_n which_o they_o call_v chamxu_fw-la with_o two_o assistant_n the_o one_o name_v koxilam_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o sit_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n by_o they_o count_v most_o honourable_a and_o the_o other_o yeuxilam_fw-la these_o be_v the_o first_o and_o most_o profitable_a office_n of_o the_o empire_n except_o that_o of_o kolao's_n so_o that_o a_o tutang_n or_o viceroy_n of_o what_o province_n so_o ere_o it_o be_v after_o he_o have_v give_v testimony_n of_o his_o capacity_n if_o he_o will_v be_v promoted_n think_v himself_o well_o provide_v for_o though_o not_o a_o prime_a councillor_n to_o be_v only_o one_o of_o the_o assistant_n that_o sit_v on_o the_o left_a or_o right_a hand_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o ten_o which_o be_v of_o equal_a dignity_n only_o distinguish_v by_o several_a title_n and_o decide_v of_o different_a cause_n to_o these_o be_v to_o be_v add_v the_o vast_a number_n of_o great_a and_o lesser_a officer_n as_o notary_n secretary_n clerk_n servant_n officer_n and_o such_o as_o we_o call_v bailiff_n beside_o many_o other_o not_o know_v in_o europe_n the_o first_o council_n or_o court_n which_o have_v the_o great_a command_n and_o receive_v the_o high_a present_n and_o great_a fee_n be_v the_o council_n of_o state_n call_v lipu_n that_o be_v proper_o council_n of_o magistrate_n for_o pu_o signify_v a_o council_n and_o li_n magistrate_n to_o these_o belong_v all_o the_o office_n in_o the_o empire_n to_o change_v or_o promote_v they_o for_o he_o who_o be_v once_o in_o a_o employment_n rise_v continual_o by_o degree_n to_o high_a dignity_n they_o have_v also_o power_n to_o restore_v those_o to_o their_o employment_n that_o be_v displace_v as_o if_o a_o mandarin_n be_v for_o some_o misdemeanour_n put_v out_o of_o his_o place_n he_o may_v easy_o obtain_v it_o again_o if_o he_o be_v in_o favour_n with_o this_o council_n the_o second_o bench_n be_v call_v pimpu_n that_o be_v council_n of_o war_n which_o have_v as_o great_a a_o command_n as_o those_o of_o state_n viz._n over_o all_o the_o militia_n with_o the_o school_n and_o academy_n and_o for_o instruction_n of_o youth_n in_o martial_a discipline_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o arms._n the_o three_o be_v of_o the_o custom_n call_v limpu_n which_o though_o not_o of_o great_a command_n yet_o they_o be_v of_o no_o less_o quality_n for_o the_o mandarin_n in_o which_o it_o consist_v be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o emperor_n council_n hanlin_n which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o kolao's_n the_o prime_a place_n of_o honour_n in_o china_n this_o council_n have_v knowledge_n of_o all_o letter_n and_o likewise_o of_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n bonzy_n stranger_n and_o the_o like_a the_o four_o council_n be_v that_o of_o the_o emperor_n revenue_n call_v hupu_n which_o take_v care_n to_o get_v in_o the_o emperor_n treasure_n custom_n farm_n and_o in_o general_a all_o thing_n that_o bring_v in_o money_n the_o five_o call_v cumpu_n look_v after_o all_o business_n of_o building_n and_o architecture_n and_o especial_o what_o belong_v
to_o the_o emperor_n palace_n or_o those_o of_o his_o child_n and_o officer_n as_o also_o the_o wall_n and_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n highway_n and_o bridge_n the_o same_o council_n be_v also_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o river_n be_v cleanse_v and_o ship_n furnish_v with_o necessary_n when_o send_v out_o upon_o the_o emperor_n service_n the_o six_o chamber_n call_v himpiu_n that_o be_v council_n of_o justice_n be_v to_o punish_v malefactor_n and_o pass_v sentence_n of_o life_n and_o death_n on_o criminal_n the_o same_o counsel_n or_o chamber_n the_o jesuit_n nicolas_n trigaut_n have_v describe_v almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o follow_a word_n the_o prime_a councillor_n or_o court_n be_v six_o in_o number_n the_o first_o call_v lipu_n signify_v the_o bench_n of_o the_o magistrate_n this_o council_n exeee_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o they_o name_n or_o choose_v all_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o philosophic_a or_o learned_a order_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n which_o be_v account_v the_o most_o eminent_a and_o continual_o rise_v high_o and_o high_o if_o they_o have_v in_o their_o inferior_a office_n make_v but_o the_o least_o proof_n of_o their_o virtue_n and_o good_a behaviour_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o they_o commit_v but_o one_o fault_n they_o be_v bereave_v of_o their_o employment_n or_o put_v into_o mean_a office_n the_o first_o choice_n consist_v in_o the_o excellent_a write_n in_o chinese_n character_n of_o which_o this_o court_n judge_n the_o second_o council_n by_o semedo_n the_o four_o be_v call_v hopu_n that_o be_v the_o court_n of_o revenue_n or_o exchequer_n which_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o empire_n revenue_n and_o tax_n gather_v custom_n pay_v soldier_n and_o the_o like_a the_o three_o council_n be_v call_v lipu_n that_o be_v the_o council_n or_o court_n of_o ceremony_n which_o take_v care_n for_o common_a offering_n temple_n priest_n the_o emperor_n woman_n school_n examine_v of_o the_o learned_a wedding_n and_o other_o ceremony_n to_o be_v perform_v to_o the_o emperor_n on_o certain_a time_n and_o occasion_n the_o same_o council_n also_o give_v title_n of_o honour_n to_o deserve_a person_n encourage_v artificer_n send_v nobleman_n to_o meet_v ambassador_n and_o return_v answer_n to_o letter_n direct_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o great_a disgrace_n to_o write_v a_o letter_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n either_o to_o one_o in_o or_o without_o his_o dominion_n the_o four_o call_v pimpu_n which_o signify_v council_n of_o war_n command_v over_o civil_a and_o military_a affair_n which_o concern_v the_o safety_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o empire_n yet_o they_o can_v resolve_v on_o any_o thing_n without_o the_o emperor_n consent_n and_o knowledge_n this_o council_n bestow_v all_o military_a office_n remove_v coward_n and_o put_v in_o valiant_a man_n and_o likewise_o honour_v the_o deserve_v with_o great_a title_n the_o five_o call_v cumpu_n that_o be_v the_o council_n over_o all_o manner_n of_o building_n look_v to_o the_o erect_v of_o public_a structure_n and_o palace_n for_o the_o emperor_n his_o ally_n and_o magistrate_n and_o likewise_o to_o the_o build_n of_o his_o ship_n and_o rigging_n out_o of_o whole_a navy_n and_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n and_o wall_n about_o the_o city_n the_o six_o council_n call_v humpu_n be_v judge_n to_o determine_v and_o debate_v of_o criminal_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o difference_n the_o whole_a business_n of_o judicatory_a in_o all_o the_o empire_n depend_v on_o this_o court_n for_o they_o have_v in_o every_o province_n and_o city_n appoint_a magistrate_n and_o clerk_n which_o advise_v they_o faithful_o of_o all_o transaction_n so_o that_o they_o in_o this_o their_o office_n be_v of_o great_a concern_v have_v no_o small_a trouble_n but_o that_o the_o great_a number_n of_o deputy_n which_o they_o employ_v under_o they_o ease_v they_o of_o the_o most_o part_n for_o there_o be_v a_o chief-justice_n of_o the_o whole_a court_n who_o they_o call_v ciamcui_fw-la which_o have_v two_o assistant_n one_o sit_v on_o his_o right_n and_o the_o other_o on_o his_o left_a hand_n be_v name_v cilam_n which_o three_o person_n in_o the_o metropolis_n peking_n be_v account_v among_o the_o great_a in_o quality_n and_o according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n every_o court_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a degree_n beside_o these_o all_o court_n have_v their_o secretary_n clerk_n messenger_n and_o other_o servant_n the_o emperor_n ya_fw-mi who_o begin_v to_o reign_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n anno_fw-la 2357._o first_o establish_v these_o six_o court_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o father_n martin_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n wherein_o he_o say_v afterward_o the_o emperor_n ya_fw-mi bring_v the_o state_n of_o china_n to_o a_o new_a and_o better_a form_n by_o establish_v six_o court_n one_o of_o which_o be_v call_v lipu_n which_o take_v cognizance_n of_o the_o well-behaving_a or_o mis-behaving_a of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o to_o bestow_v on_o every_o one_o according_a to_o their_o merit_n either_o high_a dignity_n or_o else_o bereave_v they_o of_o their_o place_n the_o second_o be_v call_v pingpu_n that_o be_v council_n of_o war_n or_o prime_a martial_a court_n which_o have_v the_o same_o command_n over_o the_o martial_a officer_n as_o the_o former_a over_o the_o civil_a the_o three_o be_v lipu_n that_o be_v a_o court_n of_o ceremony_n or_o custom_n who_o supervise_v ecclesiastic_a affair_n offering_n entertain_v foreign_a ambassador_n and_o other_o such_o like_a business_n the_o four_o be_v call_v hupu_n which_o receive_v and_o render_v a_o account_n of_o the_o emperor_n revenue_n the_o five_o be_v call_v cumpu_n which_o take_v care_n to_o look_v after_o the_o repair_v and_o building_n of_o public_a structure_n the_o emperor_n palace_n wall_n of_o the_o city_n river_n ship_n and_o highway_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v dirty_a or_o incommodious_a the_o six_o be_v hingpu_n or_o court_n of_o justice_n where_o all_o cause_n relate_v to_o life_n and_o death_n be_v determine_v which_o court_v be_v so_o constitute_v by_o the_o emperor_n ya_fw-mi govern_v the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n in_o good_a order_n and_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a but_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o kolaos_n according_a to_o other_o the_o privy-councel_n consist_v in_o six_o person_n who_o never_o consult_v but_o about_o weighty_a matter_n of_o state_n this_o council_n or_o assembly_n be_v call_v loepol_n each_o of_o these_o have_v his_o peculiar_a chamber_n and_o be_v also_o the_o head_n of_o another_o court_n in_o which_o the_o business_n of_o his_o camber_n be_v debate_v these_o councillor_n take_v as_o many_o to_o their_o assistant_n as_o they_o judge_v necessary_a the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n and_o his_o assembly_n be_v call_v lipol_n the_o second_o have_v charge_n of_o all_o warlike_a business_n revenue_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o have_v also_o power_n to_o give_v commission_n the_o three_o look_n after_o architecture_n keep_v a_o account_n of_o what_o edifice_n be_v yearly_o build_v in_o the_o empire_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o charge_n expend_v in_o repair_v of_o town_n fort_n highway_n street_n and_o moat_n this_o be_v call_v congpol_n the_o four_o which_o take_v care_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o tax_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v name_v olpol_n the_o five_o be_v as_o we_o may_v call_v he_o lord-chief-justice_n and_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n resolve_v on_o in_o his_o court_n call_v ungpol_n the_o six_o and_o last_o have_v the_o command_n of_o all_o place_n and_o office_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o give_v they_o to_o those_o who_o by_o their_o learning_n good_a deportment_n and_o civil_a carriage_n be_v account_v the_o most_o worthy_a in_o this_o manner_n the_o government_n of_o china_n have_v continue_v many_o age_n which_o after_o the_o first_o conquest_n by_o the_o tartar_n under_o the_o emperor_n xunchi_n be_v not_o change_v except_o only_o add_v to_o every_o one_o of_o the_o six_o chinese_n councillor_n a_o person_n of_o his_o own_o country_n so_o that_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o realm_n consist_v in_o twelve_o person_n all_o equal_o commission'd_n as_o before-said_a these_o councillor_n of_o state_n beforementioned_a can_v resolve_v on_o any_o thing_n without_o a_o general_a consent_n therefore_o no_o business_n be_v conclude_v on_o but_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n when_o the_o assembly_n be_v break_v up_o and_o every_o councillor_n consult_v with_o his_o private_a cabal_n then_o a_o tartar_n as_o we_o say_v be_v add_v to_o they_o but_o since_o that_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n konchi_n the_o chineses_n be_v put_v out_o of_o all_o office_n and_o the_o tartar_n have_v whole_o appropriate_v they_o to_o themselves_o beside_o these_o six_o there_o be_v nine_o other_o chamber_n or_o bench_n call_v kieukim_n
long_o as_o the_o empire_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o chinese_n have_v their_o residence_n at_o the_o court_n in_o nank_v and_o peking_n for_o all_o the_o council_n and_o magistrate_n which_o be_v at_o the_o imperial_a court_n in_o peking_n be_v former_o except_o the_o colaos_n in_o nank_v the_o metropolis_n and_o court_n of_o the_o ancient_a chinese_n prince_n but_o they_o be_v far_o below_o those_o in_o peking_n because_o of_o the_o emperor_n absence_n who_o hold_v his_o court_n in_o peking_n as_o at_o this_o day_n the_o tartar_n emperor_n of_o china_n the_o court_n be_v remove_v from_o peking_n on_o this_o occasion_n the_o emperor_n humvu_v have_v drive_v out_o the_o tartar_n anno_fw-la 1368._o plant_v the_o trigaut_n seat_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o nank_v after_o his_o decease_n one_o of_o his_o nephew_n call_v yunlo_n who_o in_o the_o northern_a province_n lay_v with_o a_o army_n in_o the_o border_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o viceroy_n there_o to_o be_v a_o guard_n against_o the_o tartar_n conclude_v to_o bereave_v humvu_n heir_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o to_o which_o purpose_n have_v get_v the_o northern_a province_n to_o join_v with_o he_o he_o come_v with_o his_o army_n to_o nank_v and_o get_v the_o other_o province_n either_o by_o policy_n strength_n or_o present_n and_o expel_v humvu_n son_n but_o because_o yunlo_n great_a strength_n and_o dependence_n be_v in_o the_o northern_a province_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v that_o the_o tartar_n to_o regain_a the_o empire_n will_v fall_v in_o on_o that_o place_n he_o settle_v himself_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o in_o the_o same_o city_n in_o which_o the_o tartar_a emperor_n when_o they_o govern_v the_o chinese_n have_v their_o residence_n there_o to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n if_o he_o shall_v make_v any_o attempt_n yet_o still_o continue_v the_o emperor_n palace_n and_o the_o magistrate_n in_o nank_v but_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o china_n by_o the_o tartar_n anno_fw-la 1644._o the_o city_n of_o nank_v be_v bereave_v of_o her_o imperial_a title_n and_o all_o the_o magistrate_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n court_n nay_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o ancient_a chinese_n emperor_n beside_o many_o stately_a memorial_n be_v all_o pull_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n without_o any_o other_o damage_n to_o the_o city_n the_o tartar_n also_o change_v the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n and_o province_n and_o in_o stead_n of_o nank_v call_v it_o kiangnan_n and_o the_o city_n which_o former_o be_v call_v intien_n kiangning_n all_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o tartar_n out_o of_o a_o inveterate_a hatred_n against_o the_o taimingian_n family_n because_o humvu_o or_o chu_n the_o first_o raiser_n of_o that_o house_n drive_v they_o or_o their_o predecessor_n shameful_o out_o of_o the_o empire_n after_o they_o have_v possess_v it_o a_o hundred_o and_o eight_o year_n all_o the_o magistrate_n as_o well_o belong_v to_o the_o learned_a council_n as_o martial_a affair_n be_v by_o a_o general_a name_n in_o the_o chinese_n tongue_n call_v quonfu_n that_o be_v to_o set_v before_o but_o for_o their_o quality_n and_o not_o their_o office_n they_o be_v call_v lavye_n or_o lausu_n or_o lavja_n which_o signify_v lord_n or_o parent_n the_o netherlander_n according_a to_o the_o example_n of_o the_o portuguese_a call_v they_o mandarin_n that_o be_v commander_n or_o governor_n derive_v from_o the_o portuguese_n word_n mandarim_n which_o be_v a_o commander_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o magistrate_n or_o governor_n fly_v at_o the_o emperor_n beck_n and_o have_v order_n among_o themselves_o yet_o every_o one_o serve_v in_o his_o office_n with_o full_a power_n except_o he_o be_v command_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o his_o superior_n there_o be_v so_o many_o governor_n in_o china_n and_o magistrate_n they_o be_v according_a to_o martinius_n to_o the_o number_n of_o eleven_o thousand_o that_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o know_v their_o several_a order_n for_o this_o reason_n five_o or_o six_o book_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n be_v to_o be_v buy_v through_o the_o whole_a empire_n contain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o public_a magistrate_n and_o governor_n of_o province_n with_o the_o place_n of_o their_o birth_n employment_n and_o quality_n these_o book_n according_a to_o martinius_n be_v reprint_v every_o three_o month_n which_o must_v be_v do_v of_o necessity_n for_o in_o such_o great_a number_n of_o magistrate_n without_o put_v those_o into_o the_o book_n that_o be_v of_o less_o quality_n be_v daily_o great_a change_n some_o die_a other_o put_v out_o of_o their_o employment_n some_o degrade_v into_o lesser_a office_n or_o lose_v their_o parent_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o last_o accident_n they_o be_v force_v to_o desert_n their_o government_n though_o never_o so_o great_a and_o travel_v home_o and_o there_o mourn_v three_o year_n and_o therefore_o great_a number_n be_v continual_o at_o the_o court_n of_o peking_n in_o hope_n to_o succeed_v in_o the_o vacant_a place_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n in_o particular_a it_o semedo_fw-la stand_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o supreme_a government_n of_o a_o province_n be_v general_o manage_v in_o the_o metropolis_n and_o consist_v in_o society_n that_o have_v a_o general_a power_n over_o the_o whole_a province_n among_o these_o be_v two_o prime_a court_n to_o which_o all_o the_o other_o as_o as_o well_o of_o town_n as_o village_n must_v submit_v because_o they_o receive_v their_o commission_n from_o the_o imperial_a court_n this_o court_n consist_v in_o one_o sole_a judge_n without_o any_o assistant_n or_o other_o officer_n which_o be_v the_o viceroy_n of_o the_o province_n in_o the_o chinese_n tongue_n call_v tutham_n or_o kiu-muen_a who_o command_n extend_v over_o all_o the_o magistrate_n and_o people_n of_o the_o province_n during_o his_o time_n of_o government_n which_o last_v three_o year_n he_o keep_v several_a messenger_n which_o go_v to_o and_o come_v from_o the_o court_n at_o certain_a time_n to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o have_v pass_v in_o his_o jurisdiction_n he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a state_n into_o his_o dominion_n after_o his_o departure_n from_o court_n his_o councillor_n and_o other_o officer_n go_v before_o and_o he_o be_v conduct_v from_o city_n to_o city_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n some_o commander_n with_o three_o thousand_o soldier_n beside_o all_o the_o magistrate_n and_o commonalty_n come_v to_o meet_v and_o receive_v he_o three_o league_n from_o the_o metropolis_n where_o he_o be_v to_o keep_v his_o court._n the_o second_o tutang_n who_o be_v of_o no_o less_o power_n but_o stay_v but_o one_o year_n in_o his_o employment_n be_v call_v chayven_v he_o be_v much_o respect_v and_o fear_v for_o he_o take_v a_o account_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o business_n military_a or_o civil_a condemn_v or_o reprieve_n malefactor_n and_o also_o look_v after_o the_o emperor_n revenue_n he_o examine_v all_o the_o magistrate_n nay_o the_o tutang_n himself_o and_o have_v also_o power_n to_o punish_v judge_n and_o put_v great_a and_o mean_a mandarin_n out_o of_o their_o employment_n the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o grand_a mandarin_n he_o inform_v the_o emperor_n of_o by_o letter_n and_o put_v they_o out_o of_o their_o place_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v a_o answer_n from_o his_o majesty_n he_o also_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n which_o be_v give_v in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o province_n and_o appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n the_o day_n and_o town_n whither_o all_o the_o malefactor_n must_v be_v carry_v that_o he_o may_v know_v the_o number_n and_o name_n of_o they_o and_o mark_n six_o or_o seven_o with_o a_o pencil_n and_o if_o more_o he_o be_v account_v a_o bloodthirsty_a and_o tyrannous_a man._n those_o that_o be_v thus_o mark_v be_v execute_v in_o the_o field_n and_o the_o other_o carry_v again_o to_o prison_n he_o be_v also_o to_o look_v after_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o city_n wall_n castle_n and_o other_o structure_n he_o never_o go_v out_o but_o with_o a_o great_a train_n that_o carry_v court_n badge_n and_o other_o mark_n of_o severity_n there_o be_v yet_o sometime_o another_o extraordinary_a chayven_v make_v at_o the_o empress_n request_v he_o have_v a_o absolute_a power_n but_o it_o extend_v no_o far_a than_o to_o pardon_v or_o reprieve_n for_o he_o visit_v all_o the_o prison_n in_o the_o whole_a province_n set_v those_o prisoner_n at_o liberty_n which_o for_o petty_a crime_n lie_v there_o and_o have_v no_o adversary_n and_o likewise_o such_o as_o be_v not_o able_a to_o free_v themselves_o he_o plead_v in_o all_o desperate_a cause_n and_o assist_v people_n that_o be_v helpless_a recall_v a_o rash_o pronounce_v sentence_n and_o be_v defender_n of_o the_o poor_a in_o short_a his_o whole_a office_n and_o employment_n extend_v to_o mercy_n for_o which_o reason_n these_o magistrate_n be_v
during_o their_o time_n of_o government_n much_o respect_v by_o the_o common_a people_n the_o three_o employment_n be_v treasurer_n who_o take_v care_n of_o the_o emperor_n revenue_n in_o his_o province_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n which_o sit_v at_o the_o emperor_n palace_n he_o have_v two_o councillor_n allow_v he_o one_o of_o which_o sit_v on_o his_o right_n and_o the_o other_o on_o his_o left_a hand_n beside_o twenty_o six_o mandarin_n and_o several_a other_o officer_n his_o business_n be_v to_o look_v after_o the_o custom_n farm_n and_o all_o revenue_n whatsoever_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n he_o seal_v the_o weight_n and_o measure_n decide_v all_o difference_n concern_v money_n punish_v the_o guilty_a or_o send_v they_o if_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o high_a court_n pay_v the_o magistrate_n ally_n to_o the_o emperor_n commander_n and_o soldier_n provide_v livery_n and_o mark_n of_o honour_n which_o be_v give_v to_o famous_a scholar_n pay_v the_o money_n for_o the_o repair_n of_o highway_n bridge_n court_n or_o palace_n of_o the_o chief_a mandarin_n and_o ship_n of_o war._n last_o this_o treasurer_n have_v the_o command_n of_o all_o what_o come_v in_o or_o go_v out_o of_o the_o treasury_n he_o also_o receive_v the_o emperor_n present_n from_o the_o judge_n governor_n and_o tauli_n which_o every_o one_o make_v according_a to_o their_o employment_n be_v in_o silver_n coin_n or_o bullion_n all_o which_o be_v by_o he_o melt_v into_o bar_n each_o to_o the_o value_n of_o fifty_o crown_n and_o stamp_v with_o the_o imperial_a mark_n and_o the_o melter_n name_n that_o thereby_o he_o may_v know_v who_o to_o accuse_v if_o the_o silver_n shall_v be_v falsify_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o emperor_n treasury_n the_o four_o court_n be_v call_v gandchasci_n that_o be_v the_o court_n of_o life_n and_o death_n in_o termiâ—…er_o it_o be_v two_o assistant_n or_o tauli_n who_o care_n be_v to_o visit_v and_o go_v from_o town_n to_o town_n to_o decide_v all_o difference_n punish_v the_o guilty_a perform_v oâ—…r_a duty_n belong_v to_o their_o office_n which_o extend_v over_o the_o militia_n and_o affair_n in_o such_o province_n that_o lie_v near_o the_o sea_n the_o five_o resemble_v a_o college_n of_o learned_a man_n ordain_v to_o examine_v heraldry_n youth_n how_o they_o profit_n in_o their_o study_n and_o especial_o to_o observe_v their_o master_n of_o art_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o bonnet_n and_o order_n to_o be_v director_n the_o prime_n of_o this_o famous_a society_n be_v a_o chancellor_n who_o from_o time_n to_o time_n go_v to_o town_n and_o village_n to_o inquire_v after_o the_o carriage_n deportment_n and_o conversation_n of_o the_o learned_a and_o to_o punish_v or_o chastise_v they_o according_a to_o their_o several_a offence_n there_o be_v yet_o two_o person_n in_o every_o city_n call_v hioquon_n that_o be_v mandarin_n or_o magistrate_n of_o knowledge_n which_o also_o belong_v to_o the_o forementioned_a five_o court_n who_o command_n extend_v only_o over_o the_o student_n of_o the_o city_n and_o though_o they_o have_v not_o power_n to_o give_v the_o degree_n due_a to_o deserve_a person_n but_o only_o to_o chastise_v they_o yet_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v very_o strict_a and_o severe_a because_o they_o continual_o reside_v in_o one_o place_n and_o like_a proctor_n in_o our_o university_n come_v and_o examine_v the_o scholar_n all_o these_o forementioned_a court_n command_v over_o the_o whole_a province_n and_o the_o city_n town_n and_o village_n contain_v therein_o moreover_o every_o city_n have_v peculiar_a governor_n as_o here_o in_o europe_n be_v four_o eminent_a mandarin_n or_o alderman_n as_o one_o of_o they_o be_v like_o a_o mayor_n which_o be_v by_o they_o call_v chifu_n chi_fw-mi signify_v lord_n or_o governor_n and_o furio_n a_o manor_n or_o tract_n of_o land_n the_o other_o three_o be_v his_o assistant_n and_o call_v tumchu_n tumphuon_n and_o cheuquon_n every_o one_o have_v his_o pecular_a court_n and_o officer_n beside_o these_o be_v nineteen_o lesser_a magistrate_n which_o look_v after_o the_o town_n two_o of_o they_o have_v a_o prime_a councillor_n and_o four_o inferior_a assistant_n the_o other_o nine_o only_a one_o councillor_n and_o one_o assistant_n the_o other_o eight_o have_v one_o supreme_a head_n who_o command_v over_o their_o whole_a society_n the_o village_n have_v also_o each_o of_o they_o a_o judge_n and_o three_o justice_n the_o judge_n be_v call_v chihien_n the_o first_o justice_n honchin_n the_o second_o chufu_n and_o the_o three_o tunfu_n all_o these_o have_v their_o several_a court_n or_o council-chamber_n and_o likewise_o secretary_n clerk_n and_o other_o inferior_a officer_n the_o judge_n may_v pronounce_v sentence_n of_o death_n but_o can_v execute_v it_o beside_o these_o mandarin_n which_o reside_v in_o town_n and_o village_n there_o be_v some_o which_o have_v neither_o power_n to_o condemn_v nor_o punish_v but_o only_o to_o give_v their_o judgement_n to_o the_o society_n the_o great_a castle_n that_o lie_v distant_a from_o town_n and_o village_n have_v also_o mandarin_n or_o magistrate_n choose_v from_o among_o the_o clerk_n for_o the_o least_o office_n that_o any_o person_n of_o quality_n aim_v at_o be_v to_o be_v judge_n or_o justice_n in_o a_o village_n trigaut_n declare_v the_o general_n government_n of_o every_o province_n as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o time_n after_o the_o follow_a manner_n the_o town_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o prime_a province_n of_o peking_n and_o nank_v be_v govern_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n in_o the_o other_o province_n the_o government_n of_o each_o of_o the_o thirteen_o province_n consist_v in_o a_o magistrate_n call_v pucinsu_v and_o another_o name_v nanganzasu_n the_o first_o determine_v civil_a cause_n and_o the_o other_o criminal_a they_o keep_v their_o court_n in_o great_a state_n and_o reside_v in_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n to_o both_o these_o belong_v several_a petty_a officer_n and_o also_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n which_o be_v call_v tauli_n but_o because_o they_o command_v over_o several_a city_n they_o be_v sometime_o absent_a from_o the_o metropolis_n every_o fuâ—…r_a â—…r_z county_n for_o a_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o divers_a county_n have_v a_o peculiar_a governor_n call_v chifu_n that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o county_n and_o likewise_o over_o every_o great_a city_n or_o cheu_n and_o over_o each_o town_n or_o hien_n be_v a_o governor_n the_o first_o call_v chicheu_o and_o the_o last_o cihien_n these_o governor_n of_o all_o the_o county_n and_o chief_a ruler_n of_o city_n have_v every_o one_o four_o assistant_n which_o aid_v they_o in_o all_o business_n that_o happen_v in_o their_o jurisdiction_n be_v all_o their_o deputy_n the_o chifu_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o county_n have_v his_o residence_n in_o one_o of_o the_o city_n and_o determine_v all_o thing_n as_o chief_a for_o when_o any_o business_n be_v consultof_o by_o the_o chicheu_fw-la and_o cihien_n they_o acquaint_v he_o therewith_o as_o their_o superior_a and_o in_o the_o first_o degree_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o chifu_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o territory_n and_o his_o court_n and_o the_o whole_a county_n receive_v their_o denomination_n from_o the_o city_n in_o which_o they_o reside_v as_o for_o example_n the_o governor_n keep_v his_o court_n in_o the_o city_n nunciang_n and_o that_o city_n give_v denomination_n to_o the_o whole_a county_n governor_z and_o court_n so_o that_o they_o be_v call_v nuncianger_n beside_o these_o magistrate_n there_o be_v many_o other_o in_o city_n town_n and_o village_n as_o also_o many_o general_n and_o colonel_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n but_o especial_o in_o place_n border_v the_o sea_n and_o garrison_n thus_o far_o trigaut_n all_o the_o magistrate_n say_v the_o same_o trigaut_n be_v under_o nine_o order_n all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o philosopher_n and_o military_a man._n every_o one_o in_o these_o order_n receive_v his_o revenue_n from_o the_o public_a stock_n either_o in_o rice_n or_o money_n though_o but_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o their_o authority_n for_o the_o salary_n of_o the_o prime_n and_o chief_a order_n amount_v not_o to_o above_o a_o thousand_o ducat_n yearly_a those_o which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n receive_v wage_n alike_o whether_o philosopher_n or_o military_a person_n for_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o soldier_n get_v as_o much_o as_o the_o supreme_a of_o the_o learned_a all_o the_o magistrate_n have_v a_o private_a seal_n of_o their_o office_n give_v they_o by_o the_o seal_n emperor_n humvu_o what_o they_o write_v in_o their_o law_n they_o seal_v only_o with_o red_a which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o earth_n so_o red_a that_o it_o be_v like_o a_o vermilion_n and_o dig_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n tape_n near_o the_o city_n lingkien_fw-fr in_o the_o province_n of_o
of_o music_n and_o use_v several_a instrument_n on_o which_o account_n they_o be_v invite_v to_o funeral_n and_o public_a solemnity_n and_o serve_v the_o emperor_n and_o mandarin_n in_o make_v their_o offering_n they_o boast_v themselves_o to_o be_v soothsayer_n and_o promise_v to_o procure_v rain_n and_o clear_a house_n haunt_v by_o spirit_n all_o the_o chineses_n be_v strange_o incline_v to_o superstition_n but_o especial_o the_o follower_n of_o this_o second_o sect_n and_o give_v great_a credit_n to_o sorcery_n and_o prediction_n of_o future_a thing_n the_o emperor_n astronomer_n according_a to_o semedo_n do_v not_o a_o little_a uphold_v this_o superstition_n because_o they_o foreshow_v ensue_a event_n from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o tempestuous_a wether_n thunder_v out_o of_o season_n by_o several_a aspect_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o they_o reckon_v to_o be_v twenty_o two_o and_o from_o sixteen_o other_o appearance_n with_o all_o which_o they_o acquaint_v the_o emperor_n and_o they_o chief_o employ_v their_o time_n in_o foretell_v either_o peace_n or_o war_n as_o also_o sickness_n death_n change_n insurrection_n and_o the_o like_a to_o which_o purpose_n they_o make_v almanac_n or_o yearly_a prognostication_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o moon_n and_o the_o moon_n again_o into_o day_n the_o day_n into_o fortunate_a or_o unfortunate_a hour_n either_o to_o undertake_v any_o thing_n or_o let_v it_o alone_o as_o to_o go_v a_o journey_n remove_v out_o of_o a_o house_n marry_o bury_v the_o dead_a build_v house_n and_o the_o like_a by_o this_o manner_n of_o cheat_v the_o chineses_n be_v so_o delude_v and_o so_o strict_o do_v sinic_n they_o follow_v these_o observation_n that_o they_o govern_v themselves_o whole_o thereby_o for_o if_o the_o almanac_n command_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n on_o such_o a_o day_n though_o all_o the_o element_n be_v against_o it_o they_o will_v not_o neglect_v it_o these_o astronomer_n according_a to_o a_o very_a ancient_a custom_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n if_o they_o through_o neglect_n do_v not_o foretell_v the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n or_o accidental_o commit_v any_o mistake_n in_o their_o prognostication_n for_o the_o chineses_n account_v it_o a_o deadly_a sin_n not_o to_o assist_v the_o sun_n or_o moon_n when_o they_o be_v darken_v with_o offering_n and_o beat_n of_o drum_n and_o other_o noise_n fear_v else_o they_o will_v be_v devour_v by_o a_o dog_n or_o dragon_n wherefore_o the_o emperor_n inform_v by_o people_n experience_v in_o the_o course_n of_o the_o heaven_n of_o the_o approach_a darkness_n immediate_o send_v messenger_n post_n through_o all_o the_o city_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o give_v notice_n of_o the_o day_n and_o hour_n on_o which_o the_o eclipse_n will_v happen_v whereupon_o the_o magistrate_n and_o citizen_n careful_o watch_v for_o the_o time_n and_o prevent_v the_o threaten_a danger_n by_o beat_v on_o divers_a tinkle_n and_o copper_n basin_n they_o have_v temple_n that_o be_v draw_v or_o carriage_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o which_o the_o woman_n deliver_v out_o their_o almanac_n wherein_o a_o receipt_n be_v write_v how_o they_o may_v conceive_v trigaut_n say_v that_o no_o superstitious_a custom_n have_v spread_v itself_o so_o far_o through_o the_o whole_a empire_n as_o that_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o fortunate_a and_o unfortunate_a day_n and_o hour_n so_o that_o the_o chinese_n in_o all_o their_o action_n observe_v the_o time_n exact_o to_o which_o purpose_n two_o sort_n of_o almanac_n be_v print_v every_o year_n which_o upon_o the_o emperor_n command_n be_v disperse_v through_o the_o whole_a empire_n which_o make_v the_o fallacy_n the_o more_o believe_v these_o annual_a prognostication_n be_v sell_v in_o such_o abundance_n that_o most_o house_n have_v they_o in_o they_o they_o find_v what_o they_o too_o punctual_o observe_v not_o only_o the_o critical_a day_n but_o the_o precise_a hour_n and_o minute_n at_o what_o time_n they_o shall_v begin_v or_o desist_v in_o any_o negotiation_n or_o business_n whatsoever_o beside_o these_o writer_n of_o the_o annual_a prediction_n go_v high_a compose_v for_o their_o profit_n book_n more_o puzzle_v and_o mysterious_a with_o large_a comment_n on_o the_o good_a and_o evil_a day_n with_o more_o accurate_a direction_n especial_o concern_v building_n marriage_n or_o travel_v and_o the_o like_a business_n of_o consequence_n and_o though_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o the_o wether_n fall_v out_o tempestuous_a let_v it_o thunder_n and_o lighten_v blow_v or_o rain_n yet_o they_o will_v begin_v though_o they_o make_v never_o so_o little_a progress_n nasirodin_n a_o persian_a author_n who_o flourish_v anno_fw-la 1265._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o chinese_n by_o he_o call_v katayans_n have_v a_o circle_n of_o twelve_o day_n which_o according_a to_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o astronomer_n they_o use_v in_o choose_v the_o time_n to_o undertake_v or_o delay_v any_o business_n of_o consequenc_n these_o twelve_o day_n be_v by_o the_o chineses_n call_v as_o follow_v ching_n that_o be_v perfect_v xeu_o that_o be_v receive_v caiazzo_n that_o be_v open_v pi_n that_o be_v locking_n ting_n that_o be_v affirm_v vhe_fw-it that_o be_v serving._n po_n that_o be_v break_v vi_n that_o be_v run_v danger_n kin_n that_o be_v raise_v chu_n that_o be_v divide_v muen_o that_o be_v exchange_v ping_n that_o be_v make_v even_o four_o of_o these_o twelve_o day_n be_v call_v he_o that_o be_v black_a and_o be_v account_v unfortunate_a four_o hoang_n that_o be_v yellow_a which_o be_v lucky_a and_o promise_v some_o good_a two_o hoen_n that_o be_v brown_a and_o dark_a and_o esteem_v ominous_a the_o roman_n and_o greek_n agree_v herein_o with_o the_o chinese_n and_o most_o of_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n use_v among_o they_o one_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o chinese_n it_o consist_v in_o the_o choose_n of_o land_n to_o build_v private_a or_o public_a structure_n upon_o or_o bury_v the_o dead_a in_o choose_v it_o by_o the_o likeness_n of_o the_o head_n tail_n and_o foot_n of_o several_a dragon_n which_o they_o suppose_v to_o live_v under_o ground_n and_o believe_v that_o on_o they_o the_o welfare_n not_o only_o of_o family_n but_o also_o of_o city_n province_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n depend_v the_o chineses_n account_v one_o dragon_n who_o they_o call_v lung_n for_o the_o great_a forerunner_n of_o good_a luck_n before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o family_n of_o hia_n nay_o the_o emperor_n fohi_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno_fw-la 2952._o before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o dragon_n be_v see_v fly_v from_o a_o pool_n and_o to_o make_v the_o business_n seem_v of_o great_a consequence_n and_o consideration_n they_o add_v that_o they_o have_v observe_v sixty_o four_o mark_n or_o character_n on_o his_o back_n which_o according_a to_o their_o sage_n have_v mysterious_a signification_n the_o chineses_n in_o a_o manner_n ascribe_v all_o thing_n to_o a_o dragon_n and_o believe_v that_o not_o only_o all_o humane_a fortune_n but_o also_o rain_n hail_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n be_v as_o that_o monster_n order_n they_o also_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o dragon_n under_o the_o earth_n but_o chief_o under_o the_o mountain_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o with_o such_o great_a care_n and_o charge_v they_o observe_v the_o part_n of_o the_o dragon_n in_o the_o make_n of_o their_o grave_n for_o according_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o value_v the_o riches_n and_o fortune_n of_o the_o whole_a family_n just_a as_o the_o astronomer_n from_o the_o conjunction_n of_o several_a planet_n prognosticate_v future_a event_n for_o this_o reason_n also_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n bear_v a_o dragon_n in_o their_o arm_n as_o the_o roman_n a_o eagle_n nay_o the_o emperor_n apparel_n be_v embroider_a with_o dragon_n and_o likewise_o on_o all_o the_o furniture_n for_o his_o table_n and_o whole_a house_n be_v engrave_v the_o same_o nay_o the_o whole_a court_n be_v every_o where_o full_a of_o paint_a dragon_n but_o above_o all_o it_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v that_o the_o chineses_n paint_v five_o claw_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o emperor_n dragon_n none_o but_o those_o who_o be_v of_o imperial_a blood_n or_o peculiar_a favourite_n of_o the_o emperor_n may_v bear_v a_o dragon_n in_o his_o coat_n of_o arm_n yet_o if_o other_o do_v use_v this_o same_o bear_v they_o must_v on_o pain_n of_o death_n not_o give_v above_o four_o claw_n they_o say_v that_o the_o foam_n of_o a_o dragon_n impregnated_a one_o of_o the_o emperor_n ie_n concubine_n without_o the_o use_n of_o a_o man_n which_o fable_n the_o chineses_n thus_o relate_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o family_n of_o hia_n say_v they_o a_o dragon_n be_v see_v which_o vanish_v on_o a_o sudden_a and_o leave_v a_o froth_n on_o the_o earth_n this_o froth_n be_v of_o
his_o concubine_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o nineteen_o year_n of_o his_o age_n together_o with_o his_o wife_n child_n and_o most_o of_o his_o family_n except_o one_o nephew_n but_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v strange_o besot_v with_o the_o study_n of_o alchemy_n thereby_o â—…igaut_fw-fr to_o get_v the_o philosophers-stone_n by_o which_o they_o not_o only_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o turn_v all_o thing_n to_o gold_n and_o silver_n but_o also_o that_o elixir_n make_v they_o immortal_a which_o many_o emperor_n before_o and_o since_o the_o nativity_n have_v endeavour_v to_o attain_v to_o the_o chineses_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v rule_n and_o commandment_n of_o both_o these_o art_n find_v out_o first_o by_o very_a ancient_n learned_a which_o the_o chineses_n reckon_v among_o their_o saint_n and_o afterward_o from_o one_o to_o another_o deliver_v to_o their_o successor_n they_o say_v also_o that_o these_o first_o inventor_n after_o have_v perform_v many_o excellent_a and_o sovereign_a work_n ascend_v both_o with_o soul_n and_o 〈◊〉_d together_o to_o heaven_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o grow_v weary_a live_n on_o earth_n they_o also_o tell_v we_o that_o ancient_o a_o person_n live_v without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n nanchang_n which_o assist_v many_o needy_a people_n and_o â—…ast_o pâ—…ntiful_a alm_n among_o the_o poor_a because_o he_o by_o the_o art_n of_o chemistry_n can_v make_v pure_a silver_n he_o also_o say_v they_o have_v by_o the_o help_n of_o divine_a art_n a_o dragon_n who_o threaten_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o city_n after_o which_o have_v chain_v he_o to_o a_o iron_n column_n of_o a_o exceed_a bigness_n he_o his_o whole_a house_n and_o family_n ascend_v up_o to_o heaven_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o citizen_n out_o of_o a_o superstition_n erect_v a_o great_a chapel_n for_o he_o and_o the_o forementioned_a iron_n column_n the_o better_a to_o keep_v up_o the_o reputation_n of_o the_o fable_n be_v there_o to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n but_o however_o they_o decline_v the_o convert_n of_o metal_n into_o gold_n or_o silver_n by_o the_o stone_n yet_o the_o emperor_n himself_o and_o most_o eminent_a person_n of_o the_o empire_n make_v it_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o business_n to_o study_v immortality_n from_o the_o promise_a restauration_n of_o youth_n by_o the_o wonderful_a operation_n of_o this_o elixir_n to_o which_o purpose_n as_o there_o be_v many_o student_n so_o there_o be_v no_o want_n of_o master_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n of_o peking_n every_o where_o pester_v with_o their_o laboratory_n and_o though_o never_o so_o much_o delude_v yet_o fresh_a hope_n carry_v they_o on_o with_o a_o fervent_a desire_n to_o bring_v their_o work_n to_o perfection_n be_v persuade_v by_o these_o mountebank_n that_o their_o fail_n happen_v from_o some_o mistake_n but_o now_o if_o they_o will_v begin_v again_o they_o make_v no_o question_n be_v since_o better_v inform_v to_o finish_v the_o so_o long_o expect_v and_o happy_a work_n but_o before_o we_o leave_v our_o alchemist_n take_v this_o from_o martinius_n which_o he_o tell_v of_o the_o emperor_n hiaou_fw-la who_o have_v not_o his_o equal_a among_o the_o chinese_n he_o be_v as_o their_o history_n say_v much_o transport_v with_o a_o belief_n that_o by_o this_o art_n he_o may_v not_o only_o be_v the_o wealthy_a the_o happy_a and_o the_o great_a of_o all_o prince_n but_o also_o be_v crown_v with_o immortality_n from_o hence_o he_o receive_v the_o title_n of_o van_n sin_n that_o be_v ten_o thousand_o year_n which_o have_v descend_v to_o all_o the_o emperor_n to_o this_o day_n to_o this_o great_a purpose_n he_o build_v a_o new_a palace_n according_o all_o of_o cedar_n cypress_n camphire_n and_o the_o like_a sweet_a smell_a wood_n the_o scent_n of_o which_o as_o they_o say_v may_v be_v perceive_v ah_o twenty_o one_o chinese_n furlong_n from_o thence_o mile_n amid_o this_o wonderful_a structure_n he_o raise_v a_o tower_n all_o of_o copper_n of_o twenty_o rod_n high_a a_o marvellous_a piece_n of_o work_n with_o a_o wind_a pair_n of_o stair_n in_o the_o middle_n from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n there_o be_v also_o a_o copper_n bason_n cast_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o hand_n which_o every_o morning_n be_v fill_v with_o early_a deâ—…v_n wherein_o the_o emperor_n steep_v the_o oriental_a pearl_n to_o soften_v they_o be_v part_n of_o the_o preparation_n of_o the_o medicine_n of_o immortality_n but_o at_o last_o they_o wrought_v upon_o his_o belief_n so_o far_o that_o the_o elexar_n be_v ready_a which_o drink_v will_v so_o perpetuate_v youth_n that_o he_o shall_v live_v according_a to_o his_o title_n ten_o thousand_o year_n that_o be_v he_o shall_v be_v immortal_a the_o longevity-potion_n be_v bring_v be_v set_v on_o the_o table_n which_o shall_v begin_v the_o work_n of_o youth_n renovation_n when_o one_o of_o his_o councillor_n a_o minister_n of_o state_n first_o dissuade_v he_o from_o the_o take_n of_o it_o sudden_o throw_v the_o liquor_n down_o upon_o the_o floor_n at_o which_o the_o emperor_n much_o incense_v that_o he_o shall_v lose_v his_o expectation_n of_o immortality_n which_o have_v cost_v so_o much_o time_n and_o treasure_n in_o prepare_v consult_v with_o what_o death_n he_o shall_v punish_v so_o bold_a a_o offender_n when_o he_o that_o stand_v thus_o liable_a to_o his_o fury_n speak_v thus_o mild_o and_o undiscomposed_a to_o he_o sir_n you_o can_v put_v i_o to_o death_n for_o i_o have_v drink_v the_o same_o medicine_n of_o immortality_n already_o and_o be_o immortal_a so_o if_o i_o die_v i_o be_o guiltless_a because_o the_o medicine_n want_v the_o promise_a efficacy_n and_o therefore_o use_v your_o pleasure_n yet_o i_o suspect_v that_o if_o your_o indignation_n fall_v upon_o i_o what_o i_o have_v drink_v will_v be_v of_o no_o defence_n and_o i_o feel_v i_o shall_v certain_o suffer_v death_n be_v conscious_a of_o the_o deceit_n of_o these_o that_o be_v trapanner_n for_o bread_n which_o mollify_a speech_n so_o pacify_v the_o emperor_n that_o he_o give_v he_o his_o life_n yet_o howsoever_o the_o emperor_n prosecute_v the_o same_o business_n to_o make_v himself_o rich_a happy_a and_o immortal_a there_o be_v also_o a_o three_o kind_n of_o philosopher_n by_o semedo_n call_v taokiao_n and_o by_o trigaut_n from_o the_o first_o promoter_n lonzu_n as_o likewise_o by_o semedo_n tunsi_fw-la or_o tusi_fw-la be_v the_o first_o broacher_n of_o this_o doctrine_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o epicurean_o who_o affirm_v 〈◊〉_d that_o there_o be_v no_o pleasure_n after_o death_n and_o therefore_o they_o indulge_v what_o ever_o in_o their_o life_n seem_v to_o be_v easy_a and_o happy_a so_o to_o prolong_v their_o life_n to_o continue_v their_o present_a welfare_n they_o use_v all_o mean_n possible_a and_o not_o only_o study_v longevity_n but_o also_o how_o to_o be_v immortal_a by_o ingenious_a discovery_n for_o self-preservation_n but_o though_o laotan_n account_v the_o summum_fw-la bonum_fw-la to_o consist_v in_o pleasure_n yet_o martinius_n find_v he_o to_o be_v no_o way_n atheistical_a but_o declare_v it_o every_o where_o probable_a that_o laotan_n have_v acknowledge_v one_o supreme_a deity_n say_v tao_n or_o great_a understanding_n have_v no_o name_n he_o have_v create_v heaven_n and_o earth_n he_o be_v without_o shape_n move_v the_o star_n though_o he_o himself_o be_v immovable_a and_o because_o i_o know_v not_o his_o name_n i_o will_v call_v he_o tao_n or_o supreme_a understanding_n without_o form_n the_o same_o philosopher_n make_v mention_n in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o heaven_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v credit_v what_o the_o father_n report_n out_o of_o their_o story_n concern_v this_o philosopher_n laotan_n that_o he_o lay_v conceal_v be_v lock_v up_o in_o his_o mother_n womb_n eighty_o one_o or_o according_a to_o trigaut_n eighty_o year_n and_o afterward_o force_v his_o passage_n into_o the_o world_n through_o her_o right_a side_n wherefore_o according_a to_o trigaut_n he_o be_v call_v lauzu_n and_o by_o martinius_n laosu_n and_o and_o last_o of_o all_o laotan_n that_o be_v old_a philosopher_n the_o time_n of_o his_o maturation_n or_o rather_o imprisonment_n in_o the_o womb_n be_v as_o they_o say_v nine_o time_n nine_o year_n which_o the_o chineses_n account_v the_o fullness_n of_o perfection_n and_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v perfect_a and_o because_o laotan_n be_v one_o of_o their_o great_a and_o most_o learned_a stage_n they_o invent_v the_o forementioned_a number_n as_o if_o nature_n have_v spend_v so_o many_o year_n in_o perfect_a of_o he_o this_o laotan_n be_v bear_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o zu_fw-ge for_o china_n contain_v ancient_o many_o and_o several_a kingdom_n at_o this_o day_n the_o county_n fungyangfu_n of_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v in_o the_o city_n mao_n anno_fw-la 603_o about_o twenty_o four_o year_n before_o confut_n the_o prime_a philosopher_n among_o the_o chinese_n the_o
out_o of_o which_o they_o dig_v iron_n in_o the_o county_n yencheufu_n near_o the_o city_n kioheu_o be_v the_o mountain_n fang_n famous_a for_o the_o tomb_n of_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n kungfuti_n parent_n hang_v be_v a_o hill_n near_o the_o city_n nungyang_n so_o call_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o armenian_a plum_n which_o grow_v on_o the_o same_o by_o the_o city_n cou_n be_v the_o mountain_n chaugp_v on_o which_o some_o say_v kungni_n be_v bear_v in_o a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n whereof_o the_o ruin_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o city_n je_fw-fr be_v the_o mountain_n je_fw-fr crown_v with_o divers_a village_n near_o the_o city_n tunp_v a_o mountain_n name_v fung_n be_v so_o interlace_v with_o wood_n and_o field_n that_o it_o make_v a_o most_o delightful_a landscape_n the_o chineses_n compare_v it_o to_o damask_n silk_n in_o the_o county_n tungchangfu_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n kaotang_n lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v minx_n which_o signify_v a_o sound_a stone_n for_o that_o on_o the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n stand_v a_o very_a high_a pillar_n which_o on_o the_o least_o touch_n with_o the_o finger_n make_v a_o noise_n like_o a_o drum_n in_o the_o county_n chingcheufu_n near_o the_o city_n choose_v lie_v a_o great_a mountain_n call_v langsie_n which_o extend_v east_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o sea_n on_o it_o be_v many_o village_n build_v the_o first_o when_o the_o emperor_n xi_o encamp_v thereabouts_o with_o thirty_o thousand_o men._n by_o the_o city_n yxui_fw-fr be_v the_o mountain_n tapien_n have_v a_o flat_a top_n of_o ninety_o furlong_n in_o the_o territory_n tencheufu_n northward_o from_o the_o chief_a city_n tengcheu_o lie_v the_o mountain_n tengheng_fw-mi note_v for_o the_o defeat_n which_o hansiu_n give_v to_o king_n si._n by_o the_o city_n foxan_n be_v the_o mountain_n chifeu_n which_o with_o a_o promontory_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o another_o mountain_n call_v chevy_v from_o whence_o a_o round_a stone_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o by_o the_o chinese_n be_v call_v cheu_n that_o signify_v pearl_n in_o the_o county_n laicheufu_n lie_v the_o mountain_n hoang_n so_o call_v from_o a_o certain_a virgin_n who_o have_v here_o a_o temple_n consecrate_a to_o her_o on_o the_o shore_n near_o the_o city_n see_z be_v the_o mountain_n lao._n within_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n kaifung_a be_v a_o hill_n call_v y_o full_a of_o garden_n and_o honan_n stately_a palace_n near_o the_o city_n siangch_v be_v the_o mountain_n xeu_o be_v in_o great_a veneration_n among_o the_o chinese_n for_o its_o fortunate_a shape_n and_o position_n and_o be_v the_o first_o mention_v in_o the_o book_n of_o tiungxu_fw-la which_o treat_v of_o that_o kind_n of_o divination_n which_o they_o deduce_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o mountain_n by_o the_o city_n siuch_v be_v the_o mountain_n kicu_n in_o which_o be_v a_o stately_a grotto_n make_v by_o the_o emperor_n hoangti_n for_o his_o summer_n recess_n north-west_n from_o the_o city_n cuckoe_n be_v the_o mountain_n cuckoe_n on_o which_o king_n si_fw-mi have_v hide_v much_o treasure_n afterward_o put_v to_o death_n all_o those_o that_o be_v privy_a to_o the_o bury_v thereof_o that_o so_o he_o may_v keep_v it_o secret_n nevertheless_o his_o son_n though_o then_o very_a young_a take_v notice_n of_o the_o action_n when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n cause_v all_o the_o gold_n to_o be_v take_v up_o in_o the_o county_n gueichoeifu_n near_o the_o city_n ki_v lie_v the_o mountain_n cinivien_n out_o of_o which_o run_v a_o brook_n who_o water_n both_o washes_n and_o shave_v at_o once_o that_o be_v when_o apply_v make_v bare_a all_o hairy_a part_n of_o the_o body_n in_o the_o territory_n hoaikingfu_n northward_o from_o the_o chief_a city_n hoaik_v be_v the_o mountain_n tai_n which_o in_o former_a age_n vomit_v fire_n rend_v asunder_o make_v a_o gap_n of_o thirty_o rod_n from_o whence_o flow_v now_o a_o slimy_a unctuous_a water_n serve_v for_o many_o use_n in_o stead_n of_o oil_n and_o be_v not_o unpleasing_a to_o the_o taste_n towards_o the_o south-west_n be_v a_o double_a mountain_n call_v iquan_n between_o which_o as_o through_o a_o gate_n the_o river_n in_o have_v its_o course_n about_o the_o city_n hiang_n towards_o the_o south_n lie_v the_o mountain_n king_n out_o of_o which_o the_o emperor_n hoangti_n be_v record_v to_o have_v all_o the_o copper_n which_o he_o use_v both_o for_o his_o weapon_n of_o war_n and_o his_o household_n utensil_n in_o the_o county_n nanyangfu_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n nanyang_n be_v the_o mountain_n thou_o on_o which_o thirty_o six_o pearl_n be_v constant_o find_v never_o either_o more_o or_o less_o about_o the_o city_n niuhang_fw-mi towards_o the_o north-east_n begin_v the_o mountain_n taipe_n and_o extend_v southeast_n to_o the_o city_n chechuen_fw-ge there_o lie_v also_o the_o mountain_n tienchi_fw-la and_o upon_o it_o a_o lake_n who_o water_n be_v hold_v for_o a_o great_a cordial_n in_o the_o county_n junningfu_n be_v the_o mountain_n tienchung_a which_o they_o call_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o city_n simang_v be_v a_o very_a high_a and_o pleasant_a mountain_n who_o top_n if_o cover_v with_o a_o cloud_n the_o chineses_n immediate_o after_o expect_v rain_n like_o the_o table-mountain_n at_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o the_o wrekin_fw-mi in_o shropshire_n the_o other_o mountain_n of_o this_o province_n be_v in_o the_o county_n of_o changtifu_n by_o tangin_n the_o hill_n simeu_n out_o of_o which_o run_v the_o river_n tangle_n west_n of_o the_o city_n lin_n the_o steep_a mountain_n yang_n in_o the_o territory_n hoaikinfu_n north_n of_o the_o city_n liyven_v the_o wooddy_n mountain_n voangae_fw-la in_o the_o county_n hananfu_n near_o the_o city_n hanan_n the_o great_a mountain_n pemang_v in_o the_o county_n nanyangfu_n south_n of_o the_o city_n quanxan_n the_o mountain_n hue_n in_o the_o county_n of_o in_o near_o the_o city_n luxa_fw-la a_o mountain_n of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n westward_o from_o the_o city_n quan_fw-mi begin_v the_o mountain_n suchuen_n cinching_n spread_a above_o a_o thousand_o furlong_n and_o have_v the_o five_o place_n of_o esteem_n among_o the_o chinese_n who_o hold_v that_o those_o which_o they_o call_v xensiens_n or_o immortal_a people_n meet_v often_o there_o by_o the_o city_n begin_v towards_o the_o east_n lie_v the_o mountain_n lunggan_n crown_v with_o pleasant_a wood_n and_o fountain_n there_o be_v also_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o palace_n build_v by_o the_o king_n of_o cho._n near_o the_o city_n chungk_v be_v the_o mountain_n call_v toyung_a swarm_v with_o ape_n and_o monkey_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n xefang_n towards_o the_o north_n be_v a_o mountain_n call_v tafung_a who_o head_n pierce_v the_o cloud_n and_o send_v forth_o from_o the_o top_n a_o river_n which_o run_v down_o very_o steep_a make_v a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o fall_n from_o the_o top_n of_o this_o be_v reckon_v sixty_o furlong_n perpendicular_a you_o may_v take_v a_o prospect_n over_o all_o the_o other_o mountain_n and_o see_v the_o city_n chingtu_fw-fr it_o extend_v from_o the_o utmost_a western_a border_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n to_o prester_n john_n country_n or_o sifan_n and_o in_o a_o continue_a ridge_n reach_v to_o the_o city_n guei_n out_o of_o these_o mountain_n the_o great_a river_n kiang_n take_v its_o first_o original_a by_o the_o city_n cangki_n towards_o the_o north_n be_v the_o mountain_n juntai_n which_o for_o its_o height_n be_v call_v the_o throne_n of_o cloud_n near_o the_o city_n pa_n lie_v to_o the_o north-east_n the_o mountain_n in_o out_o of_o which_o though_o craggy_a and_o difficult_a to_o ascend_v precious_a stone_n be_v dig_v not_o far_o from_o thence_o towards_o the_o west_n lie_v the_o mountain_n pingleang_v on_o who_o top_n be_v a_o delightful_a plain_n surround_v with_o other_o high_a mountain_n of_o the_o county_n by_o the_o city_n such_fw-mi lie_v the_o great_a mountain_n nannim_n which_o rise_v aloft_o with_o twelve_o high_a spire_a head_n upon_o nine_o whereof_o be_v salt-pit_n in_o the_o county_n chungkingfu_n northward_o from_o the_o chief_a city_n chungk_v on_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o river_n feu_fw-fr be_v a_o mountain_n which_o for_o its_o shape_n be_v much_o idolise_v by_o the_o chinese_n by_o reason_n it_o represent_v at_o least_o they_o imagine_v so_o the_o idol_n call_v fe_o who_o be_v figure_v sit_v with_o his_o leg_n a_o cross_n and_o his_o hand_n on_o his_o bosom_n a_o cross_n this_o mountain-image_n which_o whether_o natural_a or_o make_v by_o art_n the_o chineses_n themselves_o have_v not_o under_o record_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o his_o eye_n nose_n mouth_n and_o ear_n which_o be_v see_v at_o half_a a_o mile_n distance_n a_o more_o particular_a description_n be_v give_v by_o athanasius_n
abound_v with_o silk_n ebony-wood_n date-tree_n and_o araka_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n chew_v with_o betel-leaves_a as_o also_o the_o indian_n who_o call_v it_o makinnang_v thus_o much_o of_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n of_o china_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v their_o manner_n of_o husbandry_n and_o the_o description_n of_o some_o plant_n that_o belong_v proper_o to_o china_n we_o will_v here_o treat_v at_o large_a of_o their_o manner_n of_o husbandry_n the_o emperor_n venus_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n anno_fw-la 197_o before_o the_o incarnation_n promote_v husbandry_n then_o decay_v by_o the_o continual_a war_n with_o great_a zeal_n and_o put_v his_o own_o hand_n to_o the_o work_n that_o by_o his_o example_n he_o may_v oblige_v all_o the_o great_a nobleman_n to_o follow_v he_o he_o cause_v all_o woman_n to_o plant_v mulbery-tree_n and_o breed_v silkworm_n from_o the_o example_n of_o his_o empress_n who_o he_o enjoin_v to_o set_v the_o forementioned_a tree_n and_o breed_v silkworm_n in_o his_o palace_n insomuch_o that_o all_o the_o clothes_n she_o wear_v and_o which_o be_v use_v in_o their_o religious_a ceremony_n be_v of_o her_o make_n it_o be_v credible_a that_o from_o hence_o the_o high_a feast_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v hinchun_v have_v its_o original_n this_o may_v well_o be_v term_v the_o countrey-man_n holiday_n for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la this_o day_n be_v by_o the_o chinese_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n keep_v with_o great_a solemnity_n by_o all_o degree_n of_o person_n in_o every_o city_n and_o in_o the_o metropolis_n peking_n itself_o after_o this_o manner_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o nobility_n crown_v with_o a_o garland_n of_o flower_n go_v to_o the_o eastern_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o instrument_n play_v before_o he_o and_o attend_v with_o a_o number_n of_o burn_a torch_n and_o flag_n behind_o follow_v a_o train_n of_o man_n which_o carry_v several_a dish_n of_o meat_n to_o tree_n whereon_o hang_v the_o ancient_a monument_n of_o husbandry_n be_v either_o make_v of_o wood_n or_o some_o other_o material_a and_o set_v forth_o with_o silk_n and_o cloth_n of_o gold_n in_o several_a place_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v stand_v triumphal_a arch_n and_o all_o the_o street_n be_v hang_v with_o tapestry_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o nobleman_n go_v to_o the_o eastern_a gate_n as_o it_o be_v to_o meet_v the_o approach_a spring_n the_o chief_a pageantry_n of_o this_o solemnity_n be_v a_o cow_n of_o bake_v clay_n so_o big_a that_o forty_o man_n be_v scarce_o able_a to_o carry_v it_o the_o other_o be_v a_o youth_n who_o they_o call_v the_o careful_a and_o industrious_a spirit_n who_o go_v bare_a with_o one_o leg_n and_o the_o other_o cover_v with_o a_o stocking_n continual_o strike_v the_o cow_n on_o the_o back_n with_o a_o switch_n then_o follow_v divers_a countryman_n carry_v spade_n shovel_n axe_n and_o the_o like_a tool_n use_v in_o husbandry_n yet_o nothing_o of_o what_o they_o carry_v or_o do_v but_o represent_v a_o peculiar_a secret_n as_o by_o the_o continual_a beat_n on_o the_o cow_n they_o signify_v what_o care_v the_o husbandman_n must_v take_v in_o the_o manure_n of_o his_o land_n by_o the_o youth_n go_v with_o one_o leg_n bare_a and_o the_o other_o antical_o clad_v they_o express_v what_o speed_n they_o must_v use_v to_o go_v to_o their_o labour_n and_o scarce_o allow_v time_n to_o cloth_n themselves_o when_o the_o whole_a train_n be_v lead_v to_o the_o king_n be_v or_o governor_n palace_n the_o stone_n cow_n be_v bereave_v of_o all_o her_o garland_n and_o other_o ornamental_n out_o of_o her_o open_a belly_n like_o as_o from_o the_o trojan_a horse_n little_a clayie_a ox_n be_v draw_v in_o great_a number_n of_o which_o the_o emperor_n send_v one_o to_o every_o governor_n with_o admonishment_n that_o the_o subject_n will_v be_v careful_a and_o diligent_a in_o the_o tilling_n of_o their_o land_n and_o leave_v not_o a_o acre_n unsow_v and_o among_o other_o ceremony_n the_o emperor_n himself_o plows_v and_o throw_v seed_n on_o the_o ground_n that_o day_n the_o emperor_n hiaou_fw-la though_o when_o he_o be_v grow_v very_o old_a betake_v himself_o three_o year_n before_o his_o death_n to_o husbandry_n and_o forsake_v all_o kind_n of_o state_n affair_n plough_v and_o sow_a the_o ground_n himself_o that_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o may_v show_v good_a example_n to_o his_o subject_n and_o stir_v they_o up_o in_o like_a manner_n to_o husbandry_n then_o inquire_v out_o experience_a planter_n command_v they_o to_o go_v through_o his_o whole_a dominion_n and_o teach_v all_o people_n the_o way_n of_o husbandry_n to_o which_o purpose_n they_o find_v out_o all_o sort_n of_o implement_n or_o tool_n useful_a in_o tillage_n and_o many_o other_o the_o like_a thing_n which_o be_v require_v in_o husbandry_n so_o that_o we_o may_v now_o cease_v from_o wonder_v that_o former_o mean_a rustic_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o plough_n to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n and_o sole_a monarchy_n of_o all_o china_n when_o we_o see_v that_o emperor_n descend_v from_o the_o throne_n to_o the_o plough_n nay_o which_o be_v more_o manage_v the_o empire_n and_o the_o plough_n at_o once_o the_o ancient_a chinese_n emperor_n and_o king_n have_v have_v several_a law_n concern_v husbandry_n husbandry_n among_o which_o be_v these_o the_o nineteen_o part_n of_o whatsoever_o the_o soil_n produce_v fall_v to_o the_o emperor_n the_o governor_n ought_v in_o time_n of_o famine_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o subject_n good_n and_o estate_n and_o tax_v they_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n the_o divide_v of_o the_o ground_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n every_o person_n be_v to_o have_v a_o equal_a share_n and_o one_o family_n no_o more_o than_o the_o other_o all_o the_o field_n be_v divide_v into_o great_a square_n and_o these_o again_o into_o nine_o lesser_a of_o which_o each_o person_n have_v one_o to_o manure_v but_o the_o middlemost_a be_v either_o the_o emperor_n or_o the_o king_n be_v square_a which_o be_v also_o by_o eight_o overseer_n till_v on_o the_o emperor_n account_n the_o eight_o square_n be_v call_v peculiar_a acre_n but_o the_o middlemost_a the_o cammon_n or_o free_a square_n which_o when_o leave_v untilled_a no_o man_n be_v permit_v to_o manure_v his_o own_o nativity_n the_o emperor_n xinnung_n first_o invent_v the_o plough_n and_o other_o necessary_a thing_n for_o husbandry_n and_o teach_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o sow_n wheat_n rice_n barley_n maiz_n or_o turkish_a corn_n and_o other_o grain_n 45._o the_o emperor_n thou_o who_o reign_v anno_fw-la 2207._o before_o the_o nativity_n have_v write_v many_o thing_n concern_v tillage_n viz._n after_o what_o manner_n the_o field_n of_o every_o county_n be_v to_o be_v till_v and_o sow_v for_o he_o have_v gain_v excellent_a knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o several_a soil_n to_o which_o he_o attain_v by_o his_o own_o industry_n and_o observe_v their_o situation_n among_o river_n concern_v which_o he_o also_o write_v several_a treatise_n and_o from_o his_o write_n the_o chineses_n observe_v several_a rule_n in_o their_o tilling_n according_a to_o the_o several_a quality_n of_o the_o ground_n the_o mountain_n be_v also_o in_o china_n manure_v after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n but_o in_o no_o province_n so_o much_o as_o in_o that_o of_o fokien_fw-fr because_o there_o be_v the_o most_o mountain_n michael_n boem_n observe_v that_o the_o country_n of_o china_n be_v exceed_o fruitful_a not_o only_o in_o the_o produce_v of_o indian_a especial_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o also_o all_o sort_n of_o european_a fruit_n beside_o other_o sole_o belong_v to_o itself_o it_o be_v a_o wonder_n to_o consider_v how_o many_o excellent_a fruit_n the_o inhabitant_n in_o the_o fifteen_o province_n of_o china_n enjoy_v for_o those_o province_n which_o want_v any_o sort_n of_o fruit_n be_v furnish_v by_o their_o neighbour_n with_o those_o which_o they_o have_v not_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o have_v all_o the_o year_n long_o fresh_a fruit_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n for_o in_o some_o province_n the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a in_o november_n december_n january_n and_o february_n in_o other_o in_o march_z april_n may_n and_o june_n and_o in_o some_o in_o july_n august_n september_n and_o october_n the_o manner_n of_o nurse_n up_o of_o young_a plant_n among_o the_o chinese_n and_o most_o indian_n be_v three_o several_a way_n the_o first_o be_v by_o bury_v of_o the_o fruit_n and_o seed_n together_o in_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o chinese_n gardener_n put_v whole_a golden_a apple_n and_o other_o fruit_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o then_o plant_v the_o sprouts_n which_o shoot_v from_o the_o seed_n at_o a_o distance_n from_o one_o another_o by_o which_o mean_v they_o grow_v in_o