they invited any considerable Grecian into their service to encourage him they would signifie to him by Letters that he should be as great with them as Themistocles was with Xerxes They relate also how Themistocles when he was in great prosperity and courted by many seeing himself splendidly served at his Table he turned to his Children and said Children we had been undone if we had not been undone Most Writers say that he had three Cities given him Magnesia Myus and Lampsacus to maintain him in Bread Meat and Wine Neanthes of Cyzicus and Phanias add two more the City of Percotes to provide him with Clothes and Palaescepsis with Bedding and Furniture for his House As he went down towards the Sea side to provide against the attempts and practices of the Greeks a Persian whose name was Epixyes Governour of the upper Phrygia laid wait to kill him having for that purpose provided a long time before a crew of Pisidian murtherers who were to set upon him when he came to reside in a City that is called Lyons-head but Themistocles sleeping in the middle of the day the Mother of the Gods appeared to him in a Dream and said unto him Themistocles never come at the Lyon's-head for fear you fall into the Lyon's Jaws for this advice I expect that your Daughter Mnesiptolema should be my servant Themistocles was much astonished and when he had poured forth his prayers and made his vows to the Goddess he left the great Road and taking a compass about went another way changing his intended station to avoid that place and at night took up his rest in the Fields but one of the Sumpter-horses which carried part of the Furniture for his Tent having fallen that day into a River his Servants spread out the Tapestry which was wet and hanged it up to drie it in the mean time the Pisidians made towards them with their Swords drawn and not discerning exactly by the Moon what it was that was stretched out to be dried they thought it was the Tent of Themistocles and that they should find him resting himself within it but when they came nigh and lifted up the Hangings those who watched there fell upon them and took them Themistocles having escaped this great danger was in admiration of the goodness of the Goddess that appeared to him and in memory of it he built a Temple in the City of Magnesia which he dedicated to Cybele Dindymene Mother of the Gods wherein he consecrated and devoted his Daughter Mnesiptolema unto her service When he came to Sardis he visited the Temples of the Gods and observing at his leisure their Buildings Ornaments and the number of their Offerings he saw in the Temple of the Mother of the Gods the Statue of a Virgin in Brass two Cubits high called the Water-bringer or she that brought the Water back again into its right Chanel Themistocles had caused this to be made and set up when he was Surveyor of the Aquaeducts at Athens out of the Fines and Forfeitures of those whom he had discovered to have taken away the Water or to have turned it out of its due course by other Pipes fitted for their private use and whether he had some regret to see this fair Image in Captivity and the Statue of a Grecian Virgin kept Prisoner in Asia or whether he was desirous to let the Athenians see in what great credit he was with the King and what authority he had in all the Persian affairs he entred into discourse with the Governour of Lydia to persuade him to send this Statue back to Athens which so enraged the Persian Officer that he told him he would write the King word of it Themistocles being affrighted hereat got access to his Wives and Concubines whom he gained with money and by their means mitigated the fury of the Governour and afterwards carried himself more reservedly and circumspectly fearing the envy of the Persians and gave over travelling about Asia and lived quietly in his own House in Magnesia where for a long time he passed his days in great security as Theopompus writes being courted by all and presented with rich Gifts and honoured equally with the greatest persons in the Persian Empire the King at that time not minding his concerns with Greece being incessantly busied about the affairs of the upper Provinces But when Aegypt revolted being assisted by the Athenians and the Grecian Galleys roved about as far as Cyprus and Cilicia and Cimon had made himself master of the Seas the King turned his thoughts and bending his mind chiefly to resist the Grecians and to hinder their increasing power against him raised Forces sent out Commanders and dispatched Mâ—ssengers to Themistocles at Magnesia to put him in mind of his promise and to incense him and irritate him against the Greeks yet this did not increase his hatred nor exasperate him against the Athenians neither was he any ways elevated with the thoughts of the honour and powerfull command he was to have in this War but either imagining that this undertaking could not prosperously be carried on nor the King easily compass his designs the Greeks having at that time great Commanders and amongst them Cimon wonderfully successfull in the affairs of Greece or chiefly being ashamed to sully the glory of his former great actions and of his many Victories and Trophies he determined to put a conclusion to his days sutable to his former great deeds and to make an end agreeable to the whole course of his life he sacrificed to the Gods and invited his Friends and having kindly entertained them and shaked hands with them he drank Bulls Bloud as the general report goes but some say he took poison which dispatched him in a short time and ended his days in the City of Magnesia having lived sixty five years most of which he had spent in the State and in the Wars in governing of Countries and commanding of Armies The King being informed of the cause and manner of his death admired him more than ever and continued to shew kindness to his Friends and Relations Themistocles left three Sons by Archippa Daughter to Lysander of Alopece Archeptolis Polyeuctus and Cleophantus Plato the Philosopher mentions the latter as a most excellent Horseman but relates nothing else of him worthy of memory of his eldest Sons Neocles and Diocles Neocles died when he was young by the bite of a Horse and Diocles was adopted by his Grandfather Lysander to be his Heir He had many Daughters of which Mnesiptolema whom he had by a second Marriage was Wife to Archeptolis her Brother-in-law by another Mother Italia was married to Panthedes of the Island of Scio Sybaris to Nicomedes the Athenian After the death of Themistocles his Nephew Phrasicles set sail for Magnesia and married his Daughter Nicomachia receiving her from the hands of her Brothers and brought up her Sister Asia the youngest of all the Children The Magnesians possess the splendid Sepulchre
several of the Buildings The Long Wall The Cdéum or Musick-Theatre Musick Games instituted The Acropolis or Cittadel A strange accident Minerva 's Statue Several slanders and abuses put upon Pericles Why hard to find out Truth in History Pericles his brave reply when accused for wasting publick Moneys He foils Thucydides and rules all alone He alters his Policy He plays the State-physician The force of Rhetorick His reputation and integrity Some Authours censure of his great power The long time of his Government His thrifty management of his own Estate His House-keeping His Steward Anaxagoras slighted the world The difference betwixt a Philosopher and a Statesman in the manner of their living Anaxagoras in great want A notable saying of his A great project of Pericles for a Convention of all Greece Commissioners dispatch'd to summon them The Project fails His military Conduct A rash attempt of Tolmides The judgment of Pericles upon it The event made it good His Expedition to the Chersonese in Thrace Another round the Morea Another to Pontus He curbs the peoples extravagant designs of making War abroad He reserves their Forces against the Lacedemonians A passage in the Holy War New troubles arise Those of Euboea revolt The Lacedemonians make an inroad They are bought out Cleandrides sentenced for his treachery Gylippus his Son taken in the like practice Pericles his Accounts past He keeps Pensioners at Lacedemon He chastiseth the Euboean revolters The War against Samos The story of Aspasia Thargelia such another A shrewd Woman and much frequented Pericles his former Wife He marries Aspasia The Poets Lampoon her Another so called Concubine to Cyrus An account of the Samian War The ground of it Pericles changes their Government He takes Hostages of them They proffer money He refuseth it They revolt They are beaten in a Fight at Sea They are block'd up in Town Pericles goes off with 60 Gallies The Samians take the advantage and get a victory They mark the Athenian prisoners with an Owl As the Athenians had done them with a Samaena Pericles relieves the Army Beats the Samians Incloseth them with a Wall He orders a Lottery by a white Bean. Engines of Battery Artemo why called Periphoretus Another account of him Pericles takes the Town Duris gives a tragical account of it And is cenfured for it Pericles takes care for the burial of his dead The Ladies complement him Elpinice privately quips him He answers her pleasantly He is said to have been conceited of this Victory As he had reason The occasion of the Peloponnesian War Pericles sends aid to Corcyra by Lacedaemonius His spite to Cimon 's Family He sends more help but too late Several complaints from the other Greeks against the Athenians The business of Megara the main occasion of the War Ambassadours sent from Lacedaemon about it Polyarces his device to re concile the quarrel The ground of the Athenians quarrel against the Megarians The quarrel improv'd by the Herald's death who was sent to them The Megarians reflexion upon the Herald's death Pericles hindred the rasing of the Decree against the Megarians and why The likeliest reason why Pericles hindred it Phidias a favourite of Pericles accused by Menon His main crime the rarity of his Work He is sentenced to Prison and there dies Menon 's reward Aspasia impeached Pericles order'd to bring in his Accounts This order put into general terms Aspasia begg'd off by Pericles He sends away Anaxagoras He promotes the War A message from the Lacedemonians to the Athenians It doth not succeed Pericles prevents suspicion of compliance The Lacedemonians come in with a great Army Pericles is not for giving them battel He minds the publick business without consulting the publick or taking notice of peoples discontents Cleon a Ringleader of the Malecontents * A notorious Coward Pericles sends out a Fleet to the Enemies Country He divides Moneys and Lands among the people The Enemies sufferings equal to theirs A great Plague breaks out The cause of it imputed to Pericles He goes out with a great Fleet. An Eclipse of the Sun happens His device to cure the Pilot of his fear He besiegeth Epidaurus but miscarries He cajoles the people in vain He is turn'd out of Office and fined His domestick misfortunes His eldest Son's quarrel to him He abuseth his Father with stories A Law case about the death of a Horse Pericles his loss of friends by death His unconcernedness His younger Son's death troubles him He is invited again to the Government He undertakes it The Law of Bastardy An Instance of its inconvenience Pericles his proposal to repeal it His Bastard Son legitimated Pericles is sick of the Plague Wears an Amulet about his Neck As his Friends were discoursing of him He overhears them and makes a worthy Reply An Encomium of him His good qualities made him deserve the title of Olympius The Poets mistake who ascribe passions to the Gods Pericles is mist after his death His seeming Arbitrariness excused and commended Fabius by generous purposes aspires to renown Hannibal 's first prodigious march into Italy Fabius 's deliberate advice ineffectual to move Flaminius He dies courageously Fabius by general consent chosen Dictatour His zeal for the performance of religious duties He prudently manages the War with Hannibal Hannibal politickly provokes the Romans to engage Through unskilfulness in the Language he commits a great errour His Stratageme to regain the Passes Fabius upon divers accounts evil spoken of Minutius in Fabius 's absence attacks the Carthaginians Fabius oppos'd by the Tribune Metellus He divides the Army with Minutius The dangerous consequence of Minutius 's rash separating from Fabius Fabius succours Minutius Minutius sensible of his errour submits to Fabius The indiscreet behaviour of Terentius Varro the Consul Fabius 's weighty instructions to Paulus Aemilius Varro 's fatal ingagement with the Carthaginians at Cannas Aemilius the Consul dismounted He dies valiantly Capua revolts to Hannibal Fabius of an even temper in the greatest consternation An Instance of a generous disposition in the Romans Marcellus chosen joint-Commander with Fabius He is circumvented and slain by Hannibal The winning behaviour of Fabius towards his fickle Allies A pleasant fetch of his to reduce a common Souldier His Policy in regaining Tarentum Hannibal diverted by a subtilty of Fabius The inhumane cruelty of Fabius at the sacking of Tarentum Hannibal in vain attempts to relieve it Fabius 's jocular reply to Marcus Livius The transcendent dignity of a Magistrate Scipio thwarted in his designs by Fabius Crassus no promoter of martial exploits The deserved renown of Scipio in Africk He is envy'd by Fabius Pericles 's numerous Victories eclipsed by one of Fabius ' s.
be just and obey than act contrary to the command But the event rather agreed with the conjecture of Anacharsis than Solon's hope Anacharsis being one time at the Assembly said he wondred much that in Greece the Wise men should propose causes and Fools determine When Solon came to Thales at Miletum he wondred that Thales took no care to get him a Wife and Children To this Thales made no answer for the present but a few days after dealt with a stranger to pretend that he came from Athens ten days ago and Solon enquiring what news there the man according to his instructions reply'd None but concerning a young man's Funeral which the whole City celebrated for he was as the story went the Son of an honourable Man and the most vertuous of his Citizens who was not then at home but had been travelling a long time Solon reply'd what a miserable man is he but what was his name I have heard it says the Man but have now forgotten it onely there was a great talk of his Wisedom and his Justice Thus Solon was drawn on by every answer and his fears heightned till at last being extremely concern'd he mention'd his own name and ask't the stranger if that young man was not call'd Solon's Son and the stranger assenting he began to beat his head and to doe and speak all those things which usually come from men in so great a passion But Thales held him and with a smile said These things Solon keep me from Marriage and getting Children which are too great for your courage and your constancy to support however be not concern'd at the report for 't is a Fiction This Ermippus delivers from Pataecus who boasted that he had Aesop's Soul But 't is weak and absurd not to seek conveniencies for fear of loosing them for upon the same account we should neither love Wealth Glory nor Wisedom since we may fear to be depriv'd of all these nay even Vertue it self than which there is no greater nor more desirable possession is often lost by Sickness or Enchantments Now Thales though unmarried could not be free from solicitude unless he likewise took no care of his Friends his Kinsmen or his Country nay as History delivers he adopted Cubisthus his Sister's Son For the Soul having a principle of kindness in it self and being born to love as well as perceive think or remember inclines and fixes upon some stranger when she hath none of her own to embrace And as when an Estate wants a lawfull Heir strangers or Bastards endeavour to win the kind possessour and when they have once gotten his affection his care and tenderness encreaseth with his love insomuch that some men that are rigid against the Marriage-bed and slight the fruit of it when their Servant's or Harlot's Boy is sick or dies are almost kill'd with grief and miserably lament Some have very meanly and below the dignity of a Man mourn'd for the loss of a Dog or Horse others upon the death of vertuous Children have not been concern'd nor guilty of a mean action but pass'd the rest of their lives like men and according to the principles of reason For 't is not benevolence but weakness that prompts a Man to continual grief and makes those fear whom Reason hath not arm'd against Fortune insomuch that they cannot enjoy the thing that they desire the fear of losing it still vexing and bringing constant racks and torments to their minds Now we must not provide against the loss of Wealth by Poverty or of Friends by refusing all acquaintance or of Children by getting none but by Morality and Reason But of this too much Now when the Athenians were tired with a tedious and difficult War that they managed against the Megarensians for the Island Salamis and made a Law that it should be death for any man by writing or speaking to assert that the City ought to endeavour to recover it Solon vext at the disgrace and perceiving thousands of the youth wish'd for some body to begin but did not dare to stir first for fear of the Law he counterfeited a distraction and by his own Family it was spread abroad the City that he was mad he secretly compos'd an Elegy and getting it by heart that it might seem extempore he ran out into the Market-place with a Cap upon his Head and the people gathering about him got up upon the standing of the Cryer and sang that Elegy which begins thus From Salamis that glorious Isle I come And bring you news and noble Verses home That Poem is call'd Salamis it contains an hundred Verses and elegantly written now whilst he sang his Friends commended it and especially Pisistratus who exhorted the Citizens to obey his directions insomuch that they recall'd the Law and renew'd the War under Solon's conduct The common report is that with Pisistratus he sail'd to Coliada and finding the Women according to the custom of the Country there sacrificing to Ceres he sent a trusty Friend to Salamis who should pretend himself a Renegade and advise them if they desired to seize the chief Athenian Women to make all sail to Colias the Megarensians presently man'd a Ship and Solon seeing it put off from the Island commanded the Women to be gone and some beardless youths dress'd in their Garments their Shoes and Mitres and privately arm'd with Daggers to dance and wanton near the shore till the Enemies had landed and the Ship was in their power Things being thus ordered the Megarensians were allur'd with the appearance and coming near leap'd eager upon their prey so that not one of them escaped and the Athenians presently set Sail for the Island and took it Others deliver that it was not taken this way but that he first received this Oracle from Delphos Those Heroes that in fair Asopia rest All buried with their Faces to the West Appease go offer what shall please them best And that Solon sailing by night to the Island sacrific'd to the Heroes Periphemus and Cichris and then taking 500 Athenians Voluntiers a Law having pass'd that those that took the Island should be chiefest in the Government with a number of Fisher Boats and one great Ship he anchored in a Bay of Salamis that looks towards Euboea and the Megarensians that were then in the Island being alarm'd by an uncertain report in great disorder betook themselves to their Arms and sent a Ship to discover the Enemies This Ship Solon took and securing the Megarensians man'd it with Athenians and gave them orders to sail to the Island with as much privacy as possible and he with the other Souldiers march'd against the Megarensians by Land Now whilst they were fighting those from the Ship took the City and this relation is confirm'd by the following solemnity for an Athenian Ship at first sail'd silently to the Island then with noise and a great shout one leaps out arm'd and with a strong