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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A00294	A booke intituled, The English Protestants recantation, in mattersof religion wherein is demonstratiuely proued, by the writings of the principall, and best learned English Protestant bishops, and doctors, and rules of their religion, published allowed, or subscribed vnto, bythem, since the comminge of our King Iames into England, that not onely all generall grownds of diuinitie, are against the[m], but in euery particular cheife question, betweene Catholicks & them, they are in errour, by their owne iudgments : diuided accordingly, into two parts, whereof the first entreateth of those generall grounds, the other of such particular controuersies, whereby will also manifestely appeare the vanitie of D. Morton Protest. Bishop of Chester his boke called Appeale, or, Ansuueare to the Catholicke authour of thebooke entituled, The Protestants apologie.	Broughton, Richard.	1617 (1617)	STC 10414; ESTC S2109	209,404	418

there by them esteemed truly worthie of honor And how honorable such holy Relicks haue euer beene especially in this nation from the first conuersion thereof to Christ these Protestants themselues in their Theate● though so much as they can suppressing all honor and memory of such things will sufficiently testifie Concerninge the often and frequent pilgrimadges to Rome to visitt and reuerence the holy monuments and relicks there they haue told vs before in these words Not onely Preists and lay men vowed and Theat pag. 305. performed pilgrimadges to Rome but Kings Queenes and Bishops also did the like And in particular in these words Kinge Kenred abandoned both crowne Pag. 307. and contry and went to Rome where of Pope Constantine hee receaued the tonsure and habit of a monke at the Apostles tombes Kings Cadwallader and Pag. 164. Chodwald if not both one abandoned their kingedoms about the yeare 682. touke habitt of Religion in Rome so Kinge Iuor a Brittaine and Kinge Iue a Saxon. Ceadwalla King of the west Saxons goeth on Pag. 298. pilgrimadge to Rome Kinge Inas after hee had raigned Pag. 298. in greate prosperitie 37. yeares and odd moneths professing voluntary pouertie went to Rome where in the habitt of a Religeous man hee ended his life in pore estate Kinge Osroy vowed a pilgrimadge to Rome Pag. 338. 345. Pag. 391. Kinge Offa in greate deuotion went to Rome I haue spoken before how Kinge Canatus went on pilgrimadge to Rome to visitt the sepulchres of S. Peter and S. Paule And so of others And Pag. 285. for Hierusalem so farr and daungerously distant thus they write Yt was an auntient custome to goe to Hierusalem on pilgrimadge with a redd crosse worne on their backe whence the name crosse-backe or in old English crouche-backe was to them attributed Whence Edmund Earle of Lancaster second sonne to Henry 3. gott that name So the crouched or Pag. 92. crossed friers And of Princes in particular thus they write Lagman Kinge of man gaue ouer his kingdome tooke the crosse wento to Hierusalem They tell vs also of Q. Helena a most vertuous religeous Pag. 205. c. 258. brittish Lady Mother to Emperor Constantine the greate her pilgrimadge to Hierusalem And agayne Offa heire to the crowne of Eastangles vppon Pag. 311. a Religeous deuotion tooke his pilgrimadge to the sepulchre of Christ And agayne Swayne eldest sonne Pag. 400. of Earle Goodwyn so potent against K. Edward the Confessor vppon a remorse of Conscience vndertooke a pilgrimadge to Hierusalem and in his returne dyed in Lycia Of Robert Father to Kinge William the Pag. 413. first they write in this maner Seeing at the city phalesia in Normandy a moste bewtifull damsell called Arlett tooke her to his bedd he begatt on her William his onely sonne and after vppon a remorse of Conscience vndertooke a pilgrimadge vnto Hierusalem from whence hee neuer againe returned Duke Robert intending his pious pilgrimadge vnto the holy Land assembled all his nobilitie caused them to sweare fealtie vnto his sonne William beeing then but seuen yeares old Entering Iury not able to trauayle was borne in a litter vppon the Saracens sholders and neare vnto the cytie meetinge a returning pilgryme desired him to report in his contrie what hee there sawe which is said hee I am caried to heauen vppon the deuills backe And to leaue forreine contries with their holy places and relicks thus reuerenced this our owne nation as it visited other contries in this respect so in the same also it was visited and frequented of them Thus they write Charles Kinge of Fraunce congratulated Pag. 345. Kinge Offa with letters of Gladnes both for his victories and Christian piecie in his land embraced desiring of Offa safe conduct for such his subiects as come to his contry in deuotion to God In which amonge other places Glastenbury was renowned for ●hat Rectory to vse their words was in the Pag. 207. charters of Edgar Edmund Elfred Edward Bringwalthius Kentwin Baldred Ina Kenwall the Conqueror Rufus and others continually termed THE GRAVE OF SAINCTS THE MOTHER CHVRCH THE DISCIPLES FOVNDATION Of the hand of Kinge Oswald thus they write After his death Pag. 337. it neuer consumed but was shrined in siluer in S. Peters Church at Bedda now Bambrough with worthy honor was worshipped for the miracles and cuers that Pag 364. it did as likewise the earth wherein his blood was spilt They tell vs also of the pilgrimadge and reuerence to the Relicks of S. Ihon of Beuerly Pag. 391. both by Kings and subiects Kinge Canutus before offered vp his crowne vppon the Martyrs Saint Edmunds tombe And honored the body of S. Elphegus at the translation 392. Pag. 83. of it from London to Canterbury The Relicks of S. Cuthbert at Durham were visited in pilgrimadge and reuerenced by our Kings and others They tell vs how the bodies of Pag. 294. the two yonge Princes Nephewes to K. Egbert were miraculously reuealed their names Ethelred and Etherbert and greately reuerenced Of K. Kenelme thus they write Pag 307. 308. Murthered obscurely buried but miraculously knowne and afterwards with greate honor and ceremony translated to the Monastery of Winchcombe which his father founded And so of that glorious and noble Saint Neote supposed to bee the sonne of Pag. 351. 352. Kinge Ethelwolfe brought vp at Glastenbury Hee planted a Monastery in Cornewall whereunto hee vsed for deuotion and studious meditation beeing one of the first diuinitie Readers in Oxford often to withdrawe himself which of his aboade there was afterwards called NEOTESTOKE and when hee was deade his body was with greate honor interred in the countrie of Huntington at a place then called ANVLFESBVRIE and afterward in regard of his Interment Saint Neotes and now Saint Needs And in the same shire of Huntington at S. Iues Pag. 57. they tell vs that S. Iue a Persian an Heremite beeing buryed his body was vncorrupted in Robes Episcopall Had in greate honor and the towne tooke denomination of him And so of others to many to bee recited CHAPTER XV. Of the reall presence of Christ and transsubstantiation in the blessed Sacrament of the Altare BECAVSE I would bee loath to omitt any one question especially of moment wherein these Protestants take exceptiō against the doctrine of the Church of Rome I will next make recitall what their two greate writers D. Sutcliff and D. Willet most dislike therein and Answere it vnto them and all others in whatsoeuer not before allowed and iustified by their owne writers D. Sutcliff making mention of those Articles Sutcliff Subu pag. 44. which hee supposeth wee cannot iustifie onely reciteth these that followe Reall presence Transsubstantiation the sacrifice of Christs bodie for the quicke and deade halfe communion Popes supreamacie Indulgences worshipping of Imadges and Purgatorie D. Willet as before assigneth these that Willet Antil pag. 264.

worthines for the proper act and office of Iustice is to render to euery one his owne and due The Minor is thus proued by M. Wotton who entreateing of the crowne Wottō def of Perkins pag. 337. 338. 2. Timoth. 4. v. 8. of Iustice which accordinge vnto S. Paules doctrine God as a iust iudge is to render writeth thus S. Paule reckons vp his good seruices and good reason for the reward is not due to any by promise but to them that doe good workes For els what should be rewarded But why should it be called a crowne of Iustice because it is giuen to the iust according to their iust works And in that respect God is called a iust iudge in giueing this crowne because hee giues good for good And againe wee wholly subscribe to S. Wotton sup pag. 339. Augustine that God cannot but reward our good workes because of his promise and because they are such for the substance of them as hee hath enioyned and so as I haue saide often in generall Iustice they that doe well must haue well Lastely in this Question I argue thus That which deserueth condigne or worthie reward is meretorious But good deeds done in grace be such Therefore they are meritorious The Maior is euident because Meritum ex condigno Meritt by condignietie is the greatest and that which hath beene moste impugned by Protestants The Minor is concluded by his maiestie in his approbation of the Accidence before the Grammar vsually taught in England where speakeing of schoolemasters deseruings for the teacheing and instruction of children his regall and resolute sentence for this matter is vttered in these words you shall Approbat of th● Accidence init deserue of allmightie God condigne rewarde Where both deserueing which is meritt and the reward to be condigne is testified And thus much for this question out of their priuate Authors and Doctors Now lett vs cite somewhat out of their publick Theater Theater of greate Britan pag. 342. In which they deliuer vnto vs first the common opinion of that primatiue age of Christianitie in this point generally in these termes It is not to be wondered at in that these times the holy Acts of men which no doubt were many and the habitt of monkes the accounted holy garments of humilitie were so meritoriously respected and reputed in the deuoute harts of the Religeous Where wee see that this doctrine of the meritt of good workes was so generall and vniuersall that no man might wonder at it Their reason shall be answeared in his proper place Therefore seeing this vniuersall doctrine of meritts was in that vnspotted tyme of the Church as these men haue often graunted it may be wondered at with what colour or pretence of truthe these men against their owne Rule and Iudgment should now deny it or bringe it into question Especially seeing they assigne through all their worke this cause of meritt and satisfaction to haue giuen the cheife grownd and originall to so many holy and Religious fowndations in England to meritt and procure pardon of God to satisfy for the syns of themselues the fownders their frends Ancesters and posterities As wee may vnderstand by these few Examples which they propose vnto vs in this order Oswy Kinge of Northumberland Theat pag. 338. n. 2. hauing cruelly slayne Kinge Oswyne of Deirans in that place afterward for satisfaction of so heynous an offence a monastery was built as vppon like occasions many the like fowndations were layde And of him againe partly cited in an other place This Kinge Oswy hauing raygned 28. Pag. 338. n. 8. yeares falling sicke stroke with remorse for the death of good Kinge Oswyne and the blood which hee had spilt vowed a pilgrimadge to Rome So they describe Pag. 339. n. 3. vnto vs K. Wlfhere his workes of satisfaction in building Churches and monasteryes for his Murthering or Martyringe his sonnes Wlfald and Ruffin And againe Ethelbert of Kent in fowndinge Pag. 302. n. 4. S. Paules Church in London in his charter hath these wordes Ethelbert Rex Deo inspirante pro animae suae Remedio dedit Episcopo Mileto terram c. Ethelbert Kinge by Gods Inspiration for remedy of his soule hath giuen to Bishop Miletus the land called Tu●lingham for the Monastery of Pag. 343. n. 4. S. Paule And againe Kinge Ethelbald liuing a wicked life being reprehended by the epistle of Boniface an English man and Archbishop of Mentz in repentance released and priuiledged the Church from all tributes to himself and built the Abbey of Crowland in Lincolneshire for the pacifyeing of Gods wrathe towards his syns And againe Kinge Offa in testimonie of his Repentance for the blood hee had Pag. 345. spilt hee gaue the tenth part of all his goods vnto the Church men and vnto the poore At Bathe hee also built an other Monastery and in Warwickshire a Church where the adioyninge towne from it and him beareth the name Offa Churche In greate deuotion hee went to Rome where hee made his Kingedome subiect to a Tribute then called Peter peace afterwards Rome-scot In honor of S. Albane and in repentance of his syns ouer against Verolamium in the place then called Holmehurst where that Proto-martyr of Brittaine for the constant profession of Christ loste his heade Offa built a magnificent Monastery endoweinge it with lands and ritch reuenewes for the mayntenance of an hundred monkes And thus againe King Ethelstan hauing consented Pag. 363. to his brother Edwynes death repented the same for besides his seuen yeares penance voluntarily vndergone to pacify the ghost of his betrayed brother hee built the two monasteryes of Middleton and Michelnesse goeing into the North against the Pag. 364. Danes as hee was a man much deuoted to godward turned a side to visitt the Tombe of S. Iohn of Beuerley where earnestly praying for his prosperous successe for want of richer iuells there offered his knife voweing that if hee returned hee would redeeme it with a worthie pryce Which as they tell vs hee truely performed though they mention not what it was But to putt vs out of doubt that both this doctrine of Meritt and satisfaction and the execution of it by such meritorious good deeds was both gratefull and pleaseing to God and honorable with all good men first they testifie of this laste recited Kinge in these wordes relateing of a straunge miracle wrought by Pag. 364. sup n 8. 10 pag. 365. him thus they add The enemyes by craft and subtlety comeing to his campe hee awakeing boldly rushing vppon his enemyes putt them backe with the death of fyue petty Kings twelue Dukes and well neare of the whole Army Hee ioyned Northumberland to the rest of his Monarchye and returninge to Beuerly redeemed his owne knife His dominion was the largest that any Saxon before him had enioyed and his fame the greatest with all forreyne princes who sought his frendshipp both with loue and alliance

and single life of Preists And againe The Auncient Fathers are not Pag. 334. fitt Iudges to determine either of Preists Marriadge or vowes of chastitie M. Wotton well perceauing the doctrine and practice of the holy primatiue Churche in those vnspotted dayes dealeth as freely with vs in these words Such was the opinion of holines in single life Wotton def of Perk. pag. 491. in the primatiue Churche that it is not to bee looked for that antiquitie should afford vs any testimonie against the practice and Iudgment of those dayes Then how gracelesse and impudent are these men to cite both fathers and Councells to proue that which in their conscience and knoweledge they both vnderstand in themselues and publish thus vnto the world they vtterly denyed and disallowed wholly and clearely teaching the present doctrine of the Romane Church and the contradictorie to Protestants assertions Whether they were Greekes or Latines and this in so serious maner that such breach of chastitie vowed which M. Perkins confesseth to bee aboue 1200. yeares olde was called Incest and punished with excommunication From whence I argue thus further That which by holy fathers is called Incest and by allowed generall Councell in the primatiue Church censured with excommunication is not to bee adiudged lawfull but the contrary But breache of the vowe of chastitie now aboue 1200. yeares annexed to preisthood is such Therefore it is not to bee adiudged lawfull But the contrary The Maior proposition is euidently true And the Minor thus proued by M. Perkins in these words Epiphanius in his Perk probl pag. 201. 61. heresie saith they that marry after they vowe do sin and enioyneth them penance So Augustine and Hierome viduit c. 9. After these Marriadges began to bee accompted of some for a more greuous sin after the yeare 380. Basile calleth these Marriadges Incest the offence of whoredome and adulterie in his hooke of virginitie by the Councell of Calcedon in the 15. canon they are punished with excommunication But they will say the later Greeke Church vseth more libertie in suffering the vse of Marriadge in holy orders Though this is nothing to vs that bee vnder the westerne and Romane Church by their owne confessions yett thus I demonstrate that they neither agree with the auncient nor present Greekes in this question but make lust licentiousnes and libertie to bee their lawe For proofe whereof I argue thus That which is the cheefest lawe to the Greekes beeing as D. Feild writeth the 13. Feild l. 3. c. 18. pag. 101. Canon of the 6. generall Councell otherwise the 13. canon made in Trullo doth onely licence Subdeacons Deacons and Preists maried before Orders not to bee seperated from their wiues but to abstaine from them in the tyme of their turne that is in the tyme when they sacrifice as the second Councell of Carthadge in the 2. Canon defineth But the Fathers say that they know it deliuered for a canon to the Romane Church that Deacons or Preists in their ordination professe that they will not any more company with their wiues But both the doctrine and practice of Protestants are contrary marrying both before and after orders not regarding any time of sacrifice but denying it and beeing vnder the Romane Churche yet professe open disobedience to the Canons of it And not onely to the Latine but to the Greeke Church also For in the Greeke Church neither their Bishops Religious men or women or votaries of chastitie are permitted to marry but for such to marry is adiudged sacriledge in that Church the words of their Patriarke Hieremias are these Whosoeuer Hierem. in cens in epilog shall not performe the vowe of chastitie doth incurr the moste filthy sin of sacriledge and to performe such vowes is the moste angelicall and excellent life that can bee ledd on earth therefore wee must greately extoll monasticall life and conuersation Therefore these Protestants not onely permitting and tollerating but inciting prouoking and procuring Bishops Monkes Fryers Nunnes and all votaties to marriadge are by this censure guiltie of the filthie sin of Sacriledge and agree with no Church Greeke or Latine in this point and question But these men in their Theater and els Obiect where tel vs that there were married Preists in Ireland in the time of S. Malachy and in Speed in Theatr. pag. 145. c. England in the time of S. Dunstan our Archbishop of Canterbury But they haue beene told before euen from primatiue Saincts Answ and Doctors that wheresoeuer and whensoeuer such were it was an error and intruded abuse and not accordinge to the sinceritie of the Canons And answell by this kinde of Argument that such and such things haue beene or now bee without proofe that they are good and ought to bee they might proue murder treason Adultery incest sacriledge blasphemy and whatsoeuer villanies and Impieties to bee holy or Iustifiable things for these things were not onely in one or two kingedomes in one or two times but bee and haue beene with such wicked men in all tymes and kingedomes And to lett them knowe by their owne authorities that it was so in this their obiection wicked men that were thus married or allowed it and holy and Saincts that forbad and condemned it They themselues in this their Theater wittnes in these words S. Malachy Theatr. sup n. 9. pag. 145. whose life S. Bernard writeth prohibited Preists Marriadges in Ireland And to assure vs further that they were holy men that forbad these Marriadges and the highest authoritie by their owne Iudgment before by which they were forbidden thus they testifie in these words Pope Gregory sendeth hither into England Theat pag. 421. n. 47. his Bulls with damninge curses against the marryed Cleargie commaundinge that none should heare their Masses And thus againe Pope Gregory in a generall Synode excluded the married Preists from execution of their holy offices and forbad the lay men to heare their Masses And our Archbishop of Canterbury Pag. 373. then by their owne sentence a Saint condemned them miraculously as they testifie so were they cōdemned by other Councells and authorities The sanctitie of S. Dunstan Pag. 371. 372. his miracles guifts of Prophetie and verified Propheties of the calamities and punishments which God inflicted vppon the Princes and fauourers maintayning those wicked marriages are in some part testified in their owne Theater The Princes that Theat pag. 377. c. cap. 43. l. 7. disallowed them were holy and Saincts amonge which was Kinge and S. Edward the Martyr murthered and martyred by the fauourites of married Preists Amonge which was his Mother in Lawe Queene Elfrida and hir sonne his half brother Ethelred after Kinge by this Martyrdome Where vppon these men themselues haue thus registred The harts of the Subiects drawne from their Soueraigne Theat sup Dunstans Prophesie against their wickednes A cloud of blood and fier and many extreame miseries of that tyme. Dunstan

further prophesieth of other calamities to the Land after his death Queene Elfrida this greate patronesse of those wicked Marriadges and Murderesse of that blessed Kinge Martyr acknowledged her error and did perpetual penance for those Impieties their owne words thereof bee these Elfrida the second wise of Kinge Edgar procured the Theat pag. 372. n. 17. murder of Kinge Edward her sonne in lawe that her owne sonne Ethelred might come to the crowne and afterwards to purifie his and her husbands ghost and to stopp the peoples speaches of so wicked a fact shee founded the Abbeis of Amsbury and Whorwell in the Pag. 374. n. 10. counties of Wiltshire and South-hampton in which later shee liued with greate repentance and penance vntill the day of her death But both the life and death of them that repented not was by these mens relation odious and execrable I will onely exemplify in two Kings Ethelred before related and Kinge Edwyne before him both maintayners of Preists marriadge of Kinge Edwyne they write in these words Theat pag. 366. n. 7. 8. Pag. 369. n. 2. 3. Kinge Edwyne the day of his coronation before his nobles sittinge in counsell at that age not aboue thirteene yeares old with shamelesse and vnprincely lust abused a lady of greate estate and his neare kinsewoman Hee was a greate enemy vnto the Monkish orders whom from the monastery of Malmesbury Glastenbury and others hee expelled placing married Preists in their Romes Dunstan likewise the Abbot Saint of Glostenbury hee banished the Realme for his ouerbold reprehensions c. His subiects deny him obedience And sett vpp Prince Edgar his brother in Mercia and Northumberland not fully fourteene yeares old Edwyne then raigninge in a still decaying state was held of such is subiects in no better esteeme then was Iehoram of Iudah who is said to haue liued without beeing desired for very greefe whereof after foure yeares of his Raigne hee ended his life His wife thought to bee to Neare in the blood royall to bee matched with him in spousall bedd the subiects dislikinge of the vnlawfull marriadge the cause of Dunstans banishment failed by degrees to performe their duties to their Kinge and her they likewise forced to a seperation in the third yeare of his regardlesse gouernment The miseryes and punishments of Kinge Ethelred and this Kingedome for his syns they recompt in this maner Ethelred not able Theat pag. 376. 377. to resist the Danes his subiects not loueing him payeth vnto them 10000. pounds to depart An other peace hee purchaseth with 16000. pownds The next composition 20000. pownds Then 24000. pownds Then 30000. pownds and lastely 40000. pownds vntill the land was emptied of all the coyne the Kingdome of her glorye the nobles of courage commons of content and the Soueraigne of his wonted respect and obseruaunce The miseryes of this land for the syns of the patrons of such marriadges as now be defended and honoured in England which then it felt are to many and lamentable to be remembred at this time And a man may iustly call it a straunge Example that amonge other straunge punishments of Kinge Henry the eight that greate patron of Cranmer that marryed bishop that mared Religion and supreame head of such a Church that in his life time so iumbled tumbled and tumbled the world together should haue no better commendation of these Protestants now but to be ranked by them as the cheifest amonge wicked and iustly punished English Kings in their late published history of the worlde in these words Now for Kinge Henry the eight if History of the world in pref all the pictures and patterns of a mercilesse prince were loste in the worlde they might all agayne be paynted to the life out of the story of this Kinge And because Protestants memoryes serue them not to call to mynde the holynes sanctitie and Saints that haue beene in our English Catholicke Cleargie but like filthy swyne desyre to tumble moyle and roote in dyrt lett them cast ouer their accompts throughe out the historyes of this kingedome begynning with their owne Marriadges and tyme and so ascendinge to the first conuersion of this land to Christ and it will be no difficult Auditt to make that they themselues and those which were marryed as these be were the moste disordered prophane and irreligeous that were in our English Cleargie lett them make the calculation I may not now intend it my methode will not allowe it Being fittest for such as be partakers of such impieties Onely to begyn their reckoninge I must putt them in mynde out of their Theater and other their owne historyes penned by Protestants That as this Kingedome of our English or saxon Christians hath beene but twyse conquered and ouerrunne once by the Danes then by the Normans the greatest miseries and punishments it hath endured So the same their Theater other histories and Protestant writings neuer obiect vnto vs more Married and disordered Preists and cleargie men then at those tymes God of his mercy graunt that their third state of married ministers presage vs better bydeings and bring vs greater comforts Of vowes and profession of perpetuall chastitie and other workes of perfection it is further entreated in the proper question of such holy and religious life and conuersation CHAPTER XVIII OF PVRGATORIE AND PRAYER for the deade AFTER this lett vs entreate of prayer for the deade and Purgatorie And because these Protestāts before haue giuen so greate allowance to the Greeke Church especially D. Feild Intituling the 5. chapter of his third Feild l. 3. c. 5. in titul booke Of the nature of scisme and kindes of yt and that it no way appeareth that the Churches of Greece c. Are hereticall or in damnable schisme And it is their common assertion that the doctrine of purgatorie is onely taught by the Romane and not Greeke Church I will first thus argue from the authority thereof That doctrine which is taught by that Church which is neither hereticall nor damnably scismaticall cannot bee hereticall nor damnable but orthodoxe and Catholicke But the doctrine of Purgatorie is taught by this so Iustified Church the Greeke Church Therefore not hereticall nor damnable But orthodoxe and Catholicke The first proposition is euidently true for it is the doctrine and practice of any companie or priuate parson that giueth vnto it the denomination Hereticall Schismaticall Orthodoxe c. The second proposition is proued by these Protestant Testimonies following First the Protestant Relator writing of this Greeke Church speaketh thus With Rome Relation of Relig. c. 53. or c. 54. they concurre in the opinion of transsubstantiation and generally in the seruice and whole bodie of the Masse in praying to Saincts in auriculare confession in offeringe of sacrifice and prayer for the deade and these without any or with no materiall difference They hold Purgatorie also and worshipping of pictures Therefore these doctrines of purgatorie the rest must needs