made the first Earl of Provence by Boson the first King of Burgundiâ— He was after King of Burgundiâ— and Italie also 2 William d' Arles the Sonne of Hugh 3 Gâ—llert â—arl of Provence the Father oâ— the Lady Doulce 1082. 4 Raymond Aâ—nold Earl of Barcelone the Husband of the Ladie Daâ—lce of Provence 1131. 5 Berengâ—r Raymond the 2d Sonne of Raymond Arnold and the Ladie Doulce 6 Raymond II. Sonne of Berengar Raymond 1173. 7 Alfonso King of Aragon and E. of Barcilone the Sonne and Heir of Raymond Earl of Barcelone eldest Sonne unto Raymond Arnold and the Ladie Doulce 1196. 8 Alforso II. second sonne of Alfonso the first succeeded in the Earldom of Provence his elder Brother Pedâ—o inheriting the Realm of Aragon and the Earldom of Barcelone 9 Raymond III. Sonne of Alâ—onso the last Earl of Provence of this Line 1261. 10 Charles of Valois Earl of Anjou and in right of Beatrix his Wife one of the Daughters of Raymond the 3d Earl of Provence He was also King of Naples Sicil c. 1282. 11 Charles II. King of Naples and Earl of Provence 1310. 12 Robert King of Naples and Earl of Provence 1342. 13 Ioan Queen of Naples and Countess of Provence 1371. 14 Lewis Duke of Anjou the adopted Sonne of Queen Ioan Earl of Provence and titularie King of Naples c. Of whose descent from Charles de Valois Earl of Anjou and Provence wee have spoke elsewhere 1385. 15 Lewis II. Duke of Anjou Earl of Provence c. 1416. 16 Lewis III. Duke of Anjou Earl of Provence c. 1430. 17 Renè Brother of Lewis Duke of Anjou c. 1480. 18 Charles Earl of Maine Sonne of Charles Earl of Maine the Brother of Renè succeded in all the estates and titles of his Vncle and at his death gave Provence to King Lewis the 11th his Cousin German as being the Sonne of Charles the 7th and Mary Daughter of Lewis the 2d Duke of Anjou Sister of Lewis the 3d and Renè the preceding Dukes and of Charles Father of this Charles the last Earl of Provence Immediately on whose decease Decemb. 19th Anno 1481. the King sent a Commission to Palamede de Forban Lord of Sollieâ— Câ—amberlain of Earl Charles to take possession of the Countrey in his name and command there in as Leiutenant Generall Since which time Provence never was dismembred from the Crown of France so much as in the way of Apennage or any honourarie title amongst the Kings Children What the Revenues of it were to the former Earls I am not able to say having no good autoritie to proceed upon Onely I find that besides the Lands belonging to the Earls hereof and oâ—her cuâ—omâ—ry and casuall Taxes there was a Tax called the 〈…〉 being sixteen Florens levied upon every fire which reckoning 3500 fires for such the estimate oâ— them was amounted yearly unto 50000 Fioreâ—s Now it is subject to the rigour and uncertainty of the Kings Taxations as well as all the rest of France And so much of those Provinces which properly made up the Kingdoms of the French and Gothes let us next look on those which at the same time were subdued by the Burgundians whose History Kingdom and Estate are to be considered before we come to the description of their severall Provinces The Kingdom of BURGUNDY THe Kingdom of the BURGUNDâ—ANS at their first settlement in Gaul contained all those Provinces of the Roman Empire then called the 〈…〉 and Poenâ—nae Maxima Sequarorum Lugannensis Primâ— and Viennensis now passing under the new names of the Dâ—bâ—dom and County of Burgundy Switzerland the Grisons 〈◊〉 Saâ—oy La Bâ—esse Daulâ—hne Laonois and some part of the Dukedom of Bourben A â—air and large quantity of ground able at once to tempt and satisfie an ambitious Nation But the Burgundiâ—ns came not into Gâ—ulâ— of their own accord though of their own accord they drew somewhat neer it In their Originall they were a people bordering neer the Vandals if not a Tribe or Sept of them and dwelling in those parts in which are now the Dukedoms of Meckâ—nhurg and Pomerania At the time that Dâ—usuâ— and Tiberius warred in Germany they were utterly barbarous living in Tents only here and there clapped up Which being in their own language called â—urgâ— gave them the name of Burgundians amongst the Romans in the same sense as the wild Arabs had â—he name of Scenitae amongst the Greâ—ks from the like kinde of living In the yeer 416. at the instigation of the Vandals they left their own seats and planted themselves in the Towns and Villages belonging now to the Marquesses of â—aden and Electors of the Rhene About which time they received the Christian Faith being then miserably oppressed by the Hunnes breaking upon them out of Pannenia Not finding any other way to free themselves of that Enemie they betook themselves to the God of the Christiâ—â—s and were universally baptized After which falling on the Hunnes they slew no less than 30000 of them in one battell from that time forwards never troubled with that barbarous Nation Christians then they were and Orthodox in their profession before their coming into Gaule and for that reason called in by Stilico to oppose the French then threatning an invasion of the Roman Provinces Upon this invitation they passed over the River with an Armie of 80000 fighting men possessing themselves of all which lay from the farthest shore of the Rhosue to the Alpes of Italy and from the mountain Vauge to the Mediterranean Provence onely excepted about the same time planted by the Gothes Their Government was under Kings Many according to their tribes when they lived in Germany Monarchicall when setled in the Realm of France where they had these five Kings of the Burgundians A. Ch. 408. 1 Tibica who first brought the Burgundians into Gaule 2 Gundioch 3 Gundebault Vncle to Clotilda Wife to Clovis the fift King of the French by her perswasion made inclinable to the Christian Faith 4 Sigismund 5 Gundomar the Sonne of Sigismund first set upon by Clodemire the Sonne of Clovis King of Orleans whom he slew in battel neer Austun but afterward outed of his Kingdom by Childebert and Clotair Kings of Paris and Soissons in revenge of the death of their Brother Clodomire And so the Kingdom of the Burgundians fell unto the French after it had continued about 120 yeers Guntram the Sonne of Clotaire and Clovis one of the Sonnes of Dagobert the first being in their times honoured with the titles of Kings of Burgundy But the first time that the Kingdom of Burgundy â—etled amongst the French in the way of succession was in the partage of that vast Empire of Charlemaigne amongst the Children and posterity of Ludovicus Pâ—us In constituting of which Kingdom Provence was added to the reckoning to make this answerable to the other parts of that broken monarchie The first of these Fâ—â—â—ch Kings was Charles the youngest Sonne of Lotharius
yeers 1284. 10 Charles II. sonne of Charles the first formerly prisoner in Sicil to Peter of Aragon was ransommed by the procurement of King Edward above-named for 30000. Marks By Marie daughter of Stephen King of Hungary he had fourteen children the most pertinent of which to our purpose were Charles surnamed Martel King of Hungary in right of his Mother Robert King of Naples John of Durazzo and a daughter whose name I finde not maried to Charles Earl of Valois who in her right obtained the Earldom of Anjou 26. 1310. 11 Robert the second sonne of Charles the 2d. 32. 1342. 12 Joane the Neece of Robert by his sonne Charles first maried Andrew the second sonne of Charles King of Hungary whom she hanged at her window for insufficiency and for her second husband had Lewis Prince of Tarentum who over-straining himself to satisfie her carnall appetite died Her third husband was James Prince of Majorca a gallant young Gentleman whom she beheaded for lying with another woman Her fourth Otho of Brunswick a tough Souldier who had the good fortune to outlive her She was twice driven out of her Kingdom by Lewis King of Hungary brother of Andrew her first husband restored the first time by the power of Pope Clement the sixt but at the second time taken and hanged at the same window where she had hanged her first husband But first out of an hatred to her next heirs of the House of Hungary she adopted Lewis Duke of Anion descended from Charles Earl of Valois spoken off before for her heir and successor The Hungarian Line 1371. 13 Charles III. sonne to Lewis and nephew of Prince John of Durazzo before mentioned by the power of Lewis King of Hungary and the favour of Pope Urban the fift was made King of Naples He overthrew and killed in battell Duke Lewis of Anjou his competitor and after the death of King Lewis of Hungary succeeded in that Kingdom also but long he had not reigned therein when poisoned as it was supposed by the old Queen Mother 15. 1386. 14 Ladislaus sonne of Charles the 3d. having a quarrell with the Pope made a voyage Royall unto Rome where he forced his entry and was there triumphantly received on which displeasure the Pope called in Lewis the 2d. Duke of Anjou who gave Ladislaus a great overthrow Insomuch as Ladislaus used to say that if Lewis had followed his victory the first day he had been Master of his Kingdom and Person too if the second of his Kingdom but not of his Person but not pursuing it till the third day he failed of both So in the end he was compelled to flye to Rome and give over the Enterprize 29. 1415. 15 Joane II. Sister of Ladislaus of as much levity but not altogether of so ill a fame as the former Joane observing the unprosperous successes of the house of Anjou she â—dopted for her heir Alphonso the fift of Aragon who had some clame unto the Kingdom as the direct heir of Pedro or Peter the 3d. and Constance the daughter of King Manfred spoken of before But finding him to stand too much on his own right and to be too forwards in taking a possession of it before her death she revoked that Adoption and made a new Grant of the Estate to Lewis the fourth Duke of Anion and after his decease to his Brother Rene or Renatus both vanquished by the Aragonians The Aragonian line 1434. 16 Alfonso King of Aragon partly by Conquest and partly by Adoption having got the Kingdom left it well setled unto Ferdinand his Natural sonne 24. 17 Ferdinand the Base sonne of Alfonso the lawfull sonnes inheriting the Realm of Aragon Sicil c. succeeded in the Realm of Naples 36. 1494. 18 Alfonso II. sonne of Ferdinand in whose time thâ— French began to aim at the Realm of Naples This King and his Predecessors were of the Order of the Garter 1494. 19 Ferdinand II. Sonne of Alfonso the second outed of his Estate and Kingdom by Charles the eighth sonne of King Lewis the eleventh of France whom Rene the last Duke of Anjou had made the sole Heir of all his Titles and Possession And though Charles upon this Conquest was solemnly crowned yet posting back again into France before he had setled his affairs in this Kingdom and having much discontented the chief men of Anjouvin Faction he lost it suddenly to the same Ferdinand from whom he had so suddenly won it 1497. 20 Frederick II. brother of Alphonso the second and Uncle of this last Ferdinand succeeded him in his Estates and was the sixt King that had reigned in Naples within the compass of three years that is to say Ferdinand the first Alfonso the second Ferdinand the second Charles of France the second Ferdinand again and then this Frederick Finding himself betrayed by the Spaniards submitted himself to Lewis XII King of France and yeelded up his kingdom to him And indeed what else could the poor Prince do when he saw his own blood and such as had taken his Realm into their protection conspiring against him For when Charles made his passage towards Naples Ferdinand the Catholique sent Gonsalvâ— who was afterwards for his valour surnamed the Great Captain with some Forces to resist the French Invaders But when the French were expelled Gonsalvo would not leave the Country because his Master had not as yet sent for him In the mean time it was agreed between Lewis of France and this Ferdinand that they should joyntly set upon the Kingdom of Naples and having won it the French should possess Abruzzo and Lavoro the Spaniards Puglia and both Calabria's That the first should be entituled King of Naples the other Duke of Apulia This Confederacy was kept secret till the French Forces were come to Rome and Gonsalvo possessed under pretence of defending it of all Calabria So that it was no marvell that they made themselves Masters of the Country An Action in which the French dealt very unadvisedly in bringing into Italie where he was before the sole Moderator another King as great as himself to whom as to his Rivall his Enemies might have recourse on all occasions and the Spaniard as unnaturally in betraying for the moity of a Kingdom a Prince of his own bloud under pretence and promise of succours But the two Kings did not continue long in good terms of Partnership For the Spaniards being more intent upon their advantages soon picked a quarrell with the French within two or three years drave them out of all and to this day keep it though both this Lewis and his successors Francis the first and Henry the second have divers times and with great effusion of blood attempted the recovery of it The Spanish or Castilian Line 1503. 22 Ferdinand III. surnamed the Catholick King of Castile Arragon c. and Naples 13. 1516. 23 Charles V. Emperor King of Spain and the IV of that name in Naples 43. 1558. 24 Philip the
and King Lewis the 11th the first of which never digested the restoring of it to that King being pawned unto his Father together with Corbie Amiens and Abbeville for no less than 400000 Crowns the later never would forgive the Earl of S. Paul for detaining it from him though under colour of his service A Town of greater note in succeeding times for the famous battle of St. Quintins Anno 1557. wherein King Philip the second of Spain with the help of the English under command of the Earl of Pembroke overthrew the whole Forces of the French made themselves Masters of the Town and thereby grew so formidable to the French King that the Duke of Guise was in Post hast sent for out of Italic where his affairs began to prosper to look unto the safety of France it self III. More towards Hainalt and Lorrein lieth the Countrie of RETHELOIS so called of Rethel the chief Town well fortified as the rest of the Frontire places but of most note amongst the French in that the eldest sonnes of the Dukes of Nevers have usually been entituled Earls and Dukes of Rethel united to that Familie by the mariage of Lewis of Flanders Earl of Nevers with the Daughter and Heir of James Earl of Rethel Anno 1312 or thereabouts 2 St. Monhaud a Town of consequence and strength 3 Sygni a strong peece belonging to the Marquess of Vieu-Ville 4 Chasteau-Portian of more beautie but of like importance IV. Finally in the Dutchie of TIERASCHE the last part of the higher Picardie we have the Town of Guise of some note for the Castle but of more for the Lords thereof of the Ducall Familie of Lorrein from hence entituled Dukes of Guise A Familie which within a little compass of time produced two Cardinals the one entituled of Guise the other of Lorrein six Dukes that is to say the Duke of Guise Mayenne Aumal Elbeuf Aguillon and Cheureuse the Earl of Samarive and besides many Daughters maried into the best houses in France one maried to lamâ—s the 5th King of the Scots The first and he that gave the rise unto all the rest of this potent Family was Claud â—onne to Rene the second Duke of Lorrein and husband to Antomette Daughter to the Duke of Vendosme in respect of which alliance he was honoured with this title The second was Francis who endangered the Realm of Naples resisted the siedge of the Emperor Charles at Mets drove him out of Provence took Calice from Q. Mary and was at last treacherously slain at the siedge of Orleans Anno 1563. The third was Henry that great enemy of the Protestants who contrived the great Massacre at Paris and almost dispossessed Henry the third of all France He began the holy league and was finally slain at Bloys by the command of King Henry the 3d. But we must know that this Town did antiently belong to the Dukes of Lorrein and had given the title of Guise to Frederick the second sonne of Iohn and Charles the third sonne of Râ—ne both the first of those names before Claud of Lorrein was advanced to the title of Duke Of most note next to Guise it self is 2 Ripemont on the South of Guise 3 Chastelet upon the border towards Luxembourg a strong Town and one of the best outworks of France 4 Mazâ—ers upon the Maes or Mâ—use a place of great strength and like importance As for the state of this whole Province I doe not finde that it was ever passed over by the French Kings unto any one hand as almost all the rest of France had been at some time or other but distracted into divers Lordships Some of which fell to the Crown of France by confiscations and others by conquest Some held of England some of the Earls of Artois and others of Flanders and lastly of the Dukes of Burgundie as Lords of those Provinces those which depended upon England being seized on by Charles the 7th on the loss of Normandie by the English as those which held of Burgundie were by Lewis his sonne immediately on the death of Duke Charles at the battel of Nancie Anno 1476. NORMANDIE NORMANDIE is bounded on the East with the River Some which parteth it from Picardie on the West with Bretagne and some part of the Ocean on the North with the English Channel by which divided from England and on the South with France specially so called and the County of Maine It made up the whole Province of Lugdunensis Secunda in the time of the Romans the Metropolis whereof was Roven and in the greatness of the French Empire had the name of Neustria corruptly so called for Westria the name of Westria or Westonrich being given by some to this part of the Realm of West-France as that of Austria or Ostenrich to a part of East-France Afterwards being bestowed upon the Normans by Charles the Simple it was called Normandie In this Countrie is the little Signeurie of IVIDOT heretofore said to be a free and absolute Kingdom advanced to that high dignitie by Clotaire the seventh King of the French who having abused the wife of one Gautier de Ividot so called because of his dwelling here and afterward to prevent revenge killed the man himself to make some satisfaction to his Familie for so great an injury erected the Lordship of Ividot to the estate of a Kingdom and gave unto the heirs of this Gâ—utier or Walter all the prerogative of a free and absolute Monarch as to make Laws coyn money and the like From hence the French call a man that hath but small demaines to maintain a great title a Roy d' Ividot At last but at what time I know not it fell again to a Lordship and belongeth now to the house of Bellay in Bretagne But to proceed from the poor Kingdom of Ividot to the rich Dukedom of Normandie for largeness of Extent multitudes of People number and stateliness of Cities fertilitie of Soyl and the commodiousness of the Seas it may worthily be accompted the chief Province of France Well watered with the River Seine which runneth quite thorough it as do also 2 the Orne and 3 the Avâ—n not to say any thing of 4 Robee 5 Ante and 6 Reinelle and many others of less note In length it reacheth 170 miles and about 60 in bredth where it is narrowest containing in that round the largest and fairest Corn-fields that are to be seen in all France Of all other naturall commodities it is extreme plentifull excepting Wines which the Northern coldness of the Climate admits not of or sparingly at the best and of no perfection The people of it formerly renowned for feats of Arms the Conquerours of England Naples Sicil and the Kingdom of Aâ—tioch in the East at this time thought to be of a more sharp and subtill wit than the rest of the French Scavans au possible en proceces plaideries saith Ortelius of them especially in the quillets and quirks of Law It is
of Solomon who at the 〈◊〉 of the Insular-Britans then distressed by the Scots and Picts as Geofrie orâ— Mon 〈◊〉 telleth the storie sent over Constantine his Brother with a complete Army to their aid who having valiantly repulsed the Enemy was made King of Britain Anno 433. Of whose posterity more there Those of Armorica being broken by the puissance of Charles the Great abandoned the name of Kings and satisfied themselves with the title of Earls assumed first by Alain le Rebre Anno 874. but as some say Anno 859. which was somewhat sooner By Peter of Dreâ—x the 16th Earl chalenging his Estate in right of Alice his Wife the half Sister of Arthur and Daughter of Constance by Guy of Thouars her 3d Husband the better to secure his title this Earldom was made subject to the Vassallage of the Crown of France in the time of Lewis the 9th by whom Iohn called the Râ—d the Sonne of this Peter was created the first Duke of Bretagne Yet notwithstanding this subjection to the Kings of France the Dukes hereof reserved unto themselves the Sovereign powers as to write themselves By the Grace of God the privilege of coyning Gold c. and stood so high upon their termes that Francis the last Duke denyed to do his Homage to Charles the 7th either upon his Knees or without his Sword according to the former custome For which being quarrelled by Lewis the eleventh the Sonne of Charles who was at better leisure to pursue the business than his Father was he joyned himself with Charles Duke of Berry and Charles Duke of Burgundie in a War against him and thereby drew upon himself that ruine which he indeavoured to avoid For in Conclusion Charles of Berry as it was thought was poysoned Charles of Burgundie lost his life at the Battle of Nancie 1476. and a great part of his Estate was conquered by the French King And Francis this Duke having embarked himself in the same troublous Ocean must needs suffer shipwrack with his Copartners The French King invadeth Bretagno The Duke overcharged with melancholy dies 1488. leaving Anne his Daughter and Heir in the power of Charles the 8th the Sonne and Successour of that Lewis who contracts a mariage with the Orphan and uniteth Bretagne to France There were many impediments which might have hindred this mariage but Charles breaketh through them all First Charles himself had been formerly contracted to the Archduke Max milians Daughter but this he held void because the young Lady was not of age at the time of the Contract 2 Anne the Dutchess was also contracted to Maximilian and this he held unvalid also because that being his Homager she could not bestow her self without his consent 3 Maximilian had by proxic maried her which mariage he consummated by a Ceremonie in those dayes unusuall For his Ambassadour attended with a great Train of Lords and Ladies bared his Leg unto the Knee and put the same within the Sheets of the Dutchess taking possession thereby of her Bed and Bodie But Charles consulting with his Divines was told That this pretended Consummation was rather an invention of Court than any way firm by the Lawes of the Church and therefore of no power to hinder his pursute of this mariage so advantagions to his Crown What else remains touching the union of this Dukedom to the Realm of France we shall see anon having first looked over the Succession of those Princes who under severall Titles have governed the Estate thereof according to the best light we can get from Storie Kings of the Britans of Gauâ—-Armorick 385. 1 Conan placed here by Maximus 2 Grallon Sonne of Conan 3 Salomon Sonne of Grallon 4 Aâ—lâ—ran or Aldroenus the Sonne of Solomon 5 Bodis Sonne of Auldran 6 Hoel Sonne of Bodis 7 Hoel II. Sonne of Hoel the first 8 Alain Sonne of Hoel the second 9 Hoel III. Sonne of Alain 10 Solomon II. Sonne of Hoel the third 11 Alain II. Grandchild to Solomon the second the last King of Bretagne of the race of Conan who dying without Issue left his Kingdom unto many Competitors by whom distracted into many pet it Tyrannies and at last subdudued by Charles the Great And though they did again recover their Liberty and Kingdom in the time of Ludovâ—câ—â— Pitts who next succeeded yet they did not hold it long in quiet Insomuch as after the murther of two or three Usurpers of the Royall title Alain surnamed Le Rebre laid aside that invidious name of King and would be called only Earl of Bretagne His Successours â—ollow Earles and Dukes of Bretagne 874 1 Alain le Rebre 2 Indicael Colodock the Sonnes of Alain 3 Mathrudon Sonne in Law of Alain le Rebre 4 Alain II. Sonne of Mathrudon 5 Conan descended from King Solomon the 3d. 6 Geofrie Sonne of Conan 7 Alain III. Sonne of Geofrie 8 Conan II. Sonne of Alain 9 Hoel Sisters Sonne of Conan the 2d 10 Alain IV. called Fergent Sonne of Hoel 11 Conan III. Sonne of Alain 12 Eudon Husband of Bertha Daughter of Conan 1131. 13 Conan IV. Sonne of Eudoâ— 1172. 14 Geofrie II. Sonne of Henry the 2d King of England Husband of Constance Daughter and Heir of Conan the 4th 1186. 15 Arthur Sonne of Geofry 1202. 16 Peter of Breux 1250. 17 John the first Duke of Bretagne 1287. 18 John II. Sonne of John 1305. 19 Arthur II. Sonne of Iohn the 2d 1312. 20 Iohn III. Sonne of Arthur 2d 1341. 21 Iohn Earl of Montfort Brothers Sonne of Arthur 1399. 22 Iohn V. Sonne of Iohn of Montfort 1442. 23 Francis the Sonne of Iohn the fift 1450. 24 Peter the Brother of Duke Francis 1457. 25 Arthur III. second Sonne of Iohn Earl of Montfort 1458. 26 Francis II. Sonne of Richard Earl of Estampes the Brother of Duke Arthur the 3d. the last Duke of Bretagne of whom sufficiently before 1484. 27 Charles the 8th French King succeeded in the Dukedom of Bretagne in right of Anne his Wife Daughter and Heir of Francis the 2d 1498. 28 Lewis the 12th French King succeeded on the death of Charles in the right of the said Anne whom he took to Wise and to make a way unto her Bed divorced himself from the Ladie Ioane his former Wife Daughter of Lewis the 11th 1515. 29 Francis the III. of Bretagne and the first of France succeeded in the Dukedom in right of Claude his Wife the eldest Daughter of Lewis the 12th and Anne of Bretagne by whom being made the Father of so many Children that he had little cause to fear that the Crown would be separated from his House in the year 1532 being the 17th of his reign and Government caused an Act to pass with the consent of the States of Bretagne for the inseparable uniting of that Dukedom to the Kingdom of France and by that meanes divested his Posteritie of it For his male issue failing in King Henry the 3d the rights hereof descended on the Heires
Earls of Burgundy being meerly Officiall It was first united to the Dutchy by the mariage of D. Eudes with Ioan the Countess But no issue coming of this bed it fell into the house of Flanders and with the Heir of Flanders unto Philip the Hardie the first Duke hereof of the Royall Race of Valois Anno 1369. Philip the Grand-child of this Philip united most of the Belgick Provinces unto his Estate after whose death and the death of Charles his Sonne at the battell of Nancie the Dutchie was surprized by King Lewis the 11th as holden of the Crown of France escheated to him for want of Heirs males But the Countie holden of the Empire though subdued also by this Lewis was restored again to Mary the Daughter and Heir of Charles continuing hitherto in her issue as appears evidently by this Catalogue of The Earls of Burgundie 1001. 1 Otho Guillaume the first Earl of Burgundy by the power and aid of Robert King of France 1118. 2 Reinald Cousin and Heir of Otho 1157 3 Frederick Barbarâ—ssa Emperour in right of Beatrix his wife Daughter of Earl Reynald 1183. 4 Otho the youngest Sonne of Frederick 1200 5 Otho II. Duke of Meranis and Earl of Burgundie in right of Beatrix his Wife the Daughter of Otho the first 1208 6 Stephen Earl of Chalons next Heir of Gerard of Vienne and Joan his Wife Daughter of Otho the first 1204 7 John the Sonne of Stephen de Chalons 1269 8 Hugh the Sonne of John â—270 9 Othelin the Sonne of Hugh Earl of Artoys in right of Maud his Wife Daughter of Robert Earl of Artoys 1315 10 Philip the Long King of France in right of Ioan his Wife Daughter and Heir of Othalin 1331 11 Eudes Duke of Burgundie Husband of Ioan of France the eldest Daughter of King Philip the Long and Ioan the Countess 1349 12 Philip Duke and Earl of Burgundie Grand-child of Eudes and Ioan his Wife by their Sonne Philip. 1361. 13 Margaret the Widow of Lewis Earl of Flanders and second Daughter of Philip the Long and Ioan the Countels was Countess of Burgundie and Artois after the death of her Cosin Philip. 14 Lewis de Malain Earl of Flanders by his Father and of Burgundie and Artois by his Mother 1369. 15 Philip the Hardie Duke of Burgundie by the gift of his Brother Charles the 5th and Earl of Burgundie Flanders and Artois in right of Margaret his Wife sole Daughter of Lewis de Malain 1404. 16 Antony the Proud Duke and Earl of Burgundie 1419. 17 Philiy the Good Duke and Earl of Burgundie 1467. 18 Charles the Warlike Duke and Earl of Burgundie 1475. 19 Mary the Daughter of Charles maried to Maximillan of Austria Sonne of Frederick the 3d Emperour of Germany in which honour he succeeded his Father 1482 20 Philip the IV. Sonne of Mary and Maximilian King of Castile and Aragon in right of his Wife Ioan Daughter to â—erdinand and Isabel Kings of Castile c. 1506 21 Charles the Sonne of Philip King of Spain and Emperour of Germany by the name of Charles the fiâ—t 1558. 22 Philip the II. of Spain and V. of Burgundie 23 Philip the III of Spaine and VI. of Burgundie 23 Philip the IV. of Spaine and VII of Burgundie in whom resteth the possession of the 〈◊〉 of Burgundie and the Earldom of Charolois herein not troubled by the 〈◊〉 for feâ—â— of giving offence to the Cantons of Switzerland upon whom it bordereth jealous enough already of the greatness and power of France and so not likely to admit such a porent Neighbour The Armes of this Earldom are Azure a Lyon rampant Or Seme of Billets Argent 20 The ILANDS in the AQUITAINE and GALLICK OCEAN HAving thus took a view of the severall Provinces within the Continent of France let us next look upon the ILANDS which belong unto it dispersed in the Mediterranean Sea and the Western Ocean Those in the Mediterranean Sea are of little note as the Isles of Ere 's and 2 Pomegnes lying against Provence 3 Maguelone lying against Languedoc and 4 L' Anguillade betwixt both at the moutâ— of the Rhosne of which there is nothing to be said but that those of Ere 's are thought to be the ostocchades of Ptolomie and his Blascon to be Anguillade And of as little note in the Western Ocean are Belle-Isle against Vannes in Bretangne the Isle de Deiu having in it two or three good Villages Marmostier plentifull in Salt and beautified with a Monastery called the White Abbie Those of most note are 1 Oleroâ— and 2 Ree on the coast of Aquitaine and those of 3 Jarsey 4 Gernsey 5 Sark and 6 Alderney on the shores of Normandy Of which the four last are under the Kings of England the rest possessed by the French 1 OLERON is an Iland situate over against the Province of Xaintoigne and South unto the Isle of Ree from which little distant It is the biggest of the two and makes yeerly very great quantitie of Salt wherewith most of the Provinces on the Western Ocean use to be furnished But it is easie of access and not very defensible which makes it of lesse note both in antient and modern stories The principall Town of it is called Oleron by the name of the Iland One thing there is for which indeed this Iland is of speciall fame and that is that the Marine Lawes which for neer 500 years have generally been received by all the States of the Christian World which frequent the Ocean the Rhodian Lawes being antiquated and worn out of use for regulating of Sea affairs and deciding of Maritime Controversies were declared and established here and from hence called the Lawes of Oleron And here they were declared and established by King Rich. the first of England as Lord Paramount of the Seas immediately on his return from the Holy Land this Iland being then in his possession as a Member of his Dukedom of Aquitaine Quae quidem Leges Statutaper Dominum Richardum quondam Regem Angliae in redditu suo à Terra Sancta correcta fuerunt interretata declarata et in Insula de Oleron publicata et nominata in Gallica Lingua La Loy d' Oleron c. saith an old Record which I find cited in a M. S. Discourse of my late learned Friend Sir Iohn Burroughs once Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London but afterwards Principall King of Arms by the name of Garter entituled The Soveraignty of the British Seas So powerfull were the Kings of England in the former times as to give Lawes to all that traded on the Ocean 2 The Isle of R E is situate over against Rochell to which it served for an Out-work on that side thereof It is in length ten English miles and about half as much in bredth well fortified with deep marishes at the entries of it to which the many Salt-pits every where intermingled adde a very great strength Chief places in it
France and Lorrein and France it self distracted into many Soveraign Estates and Principalities 26. 841. 4 Charles II. surnamed Calvus or the Bald youngest Sonne of Lewis King of France and Emperour vanquished by Charles the Grosse in the War of Italie 38. 879. 5 Lewis II. surnamed Balbus or the Stammering Sonne of Charles the Bald King of France and Emperour 881. 6 Lewis III. with Caroloman his Brother the base Sonnes of Lewis the Stammering Usurpers of the Throne in the infancy of Charles the Simple 886. 7 Charles III. surnamed Crassus or the Grosse King of Germany and Emperour called into France and elected King during the Minority of Charles the Simple 5. 891. 8 Odo or Eudes Sonne of Robert Earl of Anjou of the race of Witikindus the last King of the Saxons elected by an opposite Faction outed Charles the Gâ—osse 9. 900. 9 Charles IV. surnamed Simplex or the Simple the Posthumus Sonne of Lewis the Stammerer restored unto the Throne of his Fathers which after many troubles raised against him by Robert the 2d Earl of Anjou whom he slew in battel he was forced to resigne 27. 927. 10 Rodolph of Burgundie Sonne of Richard Duke of Burgundie the Brother of Eudes succeeded on the resignation of Charles the Simple 2. 929. 11 Lewis IV. surnamed Transmarine in regard that during his Fathers Troubles he had lived in England restored unto the Regal Throne on the death of Rodolph opposed therein by Hugh Earl of Paris and Anjou the Nephew of King Eudes by his Brother Robert before mentioned 958. 12 Lotharius Sonne of Lewis the 4th disturbed in his possession by Hugh Capet the eldest Sonne of the said Hugh on the pretensions of that house by which at last he got the Kingdom 987. 13 Lewis V. Sonne of Lotharius the last King of the House of Charles the Great After whose death being King onely for a yeer the Crown was seized on by Hugh Capet Charles Duke of Lorreine Brother of Lotharius and Uncle unto Lewis the fift being pretermitted And now we are come to the present race of the Kings of France founded in Hugh Capet so called from the greatness of his head Sonne of Hugh the great Earl of Paris and Anjou and Grandchild of Robert the second Earl of Anjou Which Robert was the Brother of Eâ—des and Cousin German of Rodolph Kings of France Who partly by his own wits but chiefly by the weakness of the mungrel Issue of Charles the Great having got the Diadem transmitted it unto his Posterity the Crown descending in a direct line from Father to Sonne till the death of Lewis the 10th surnamed Hutin But here we are to understand that the Realm of France was at that time shut up within narrower bounds than it is at the present the large and rich Countries of Champagne Normandie Bretagne Anjou Poictou Languedoc and the great Dukedom of Aquitain besides those Provinces which constituted and made up the Kingdom of Burgundie being aliened and dismembred from it How they became reduced to the Crown again will be discerned in the ensuing History and Succession of The third Race of the Kings of France of the Capetine or Saxon Line 988. 1 Hugh Capet of whom sufficiently before 9. 997. 2. Robert the Sonne of Hugh Capet Duke of Burgundie also 34. 1031. 3 Henry the eldest Sonne of Robert his younger Brother Robert being setled in the Dukedom of Burgundie 39. 1061. 4 Philip the Sonne of Henry who added Berry to the Crown 49. 1110. 5 Lewis VI. Sonne of Philip surnamed the Grosse 28. 1138. 6 Lewis VII Sonne of Lewis the sixt an Adventurer in the War of the Holy Land as also did his Sonne and successour 1181. 7 Philip II. surnamed Augustus by whom Normandy Aquitain Anjou with their severall Appendixes were taken from King Iohn of England 43. 1224. 8 Lewis VIII Sonne of Philip Augustus 3. 1227. 9 Lewis IX surnamed the Saint renowned for his Wars in Egypt and the Holy-Land He restored Guienne to the English and added the Earldoms of Tholouse and Mascon to the Crown of France 44. 1271. 10 Philip III. Sonne of Lewis 15. 1286. 11 Philip IV. surnamed the Fair King also of Navarre in the right of the Lady Ioan his Wife 28. 1314. 12 Lewis X. surnamed Hutin King of Navarre in right of his Mother whom he succeded in that Kingdom Anno 1305. After whose death the Kingdom of France was to have descended on Ioan his Daughter 2. 1315. 13 Philip V. called the Long Brother of Lewis Hutin partly by threats promises and other practices caused a Law to pass to which he gave the name of the Sal que Law for disabling Women from the succession to the Crown and thereby quite excluded his Brothers Daughter served in the same kind himself by his Brother Charles who following his example excluded on the same pretence his Neeces Joan and Margares the Daughters of Philip. 5. 1320. 14 Charles IV. but in true accompt the fifth of that name most commonly called Charles the Fair Brother of Philip and Lewis the two last Kings After whose death began the Wars of the English for the Crown of France challenged by King Edward the 3d. as Sonne and Heir of Isabel the Daughter of King Philip the Fair and Sister to the 3 last Kings 7. 1328. 15 Philip VI. surnamed de Valois Son of Charles Earl of Valois the second Sonne of King Philip the third and Vncle to the three last Kings succeeded under colour of the Salique Law of which Charles it is said that he was Sonne to a King Brother to a King Vncle to a King and Father to a King yet himself was no King In this Kings dayes was fought the famous Battle of Crecie Anno 1343. in which the French Army consisted of about 70000 Souldiers the English of 11800 only yet the victory fell unto the English by whose valour fell that day Iohn King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 of the common Souldiers He added unto his Estates the County Palatine of Champagne the Country of Daulphine and the Citie and Earldom of Montpelier 22. 1350 16 Iohn the Sonne of Philip de Valois in whose reign was fought the battel of Poictiers wherein Edward the black prince so called for his black acts upon the French with an handfull of wearied Souldiers but 8000 in all overcame the French army consisting of 40000 men of which they slew besides the Nobles 10000 of the common Souldiers and took prisoners King John himself and Philip his Sonne 70 Earls 50 Barons and 12000 Gentlemen 14. 1364. 17 Charles V. the Sonne of Iohn recovered all those peeces except only Calice which the English had before gotten from his Father and Grandfather He is called commonly Charles the Wise but Lewis the 11th would by no means allow him that attribute affirming that it was but a foolish part to give his younger Brother Philip the Dukedom of Burgundy and withall the Heir of Flanders to wife
or Dominions by any undertakings and Adventures at Sea as the Portugals did incorporated to their Crown as fair and large possessions in the Realm of France as any of the others did in the Spanish Continent The Principality of Bearn the Earldoms of Foix and Begorre united in the person of Gaston of Foix as those of Armaignac and Albret in the person of John Earl of Albret all lying together on the other side of the Pyrenees all added to this Crown by mariage with the Heirs hereof made up a fairer and wealthier Estate than Navarre it self inferiour to few Provinces in the Realms of Spain Not to say any thing of the accession of the Countie Palatine of Champagne exchanged afterwards for some Lands in the Coantie of La March in Limosin or of the Earldoms of Eureux and the Dutchie of Vendosme as lying further off and of lesse importance Nor of the great Kingdom of France now herewith incorporate as to the person of the K. though not in the possession of this Kingdom also With so much judgement and success did the ensuing Kings not otherwise able to enlarge their territories bestow their daughâ—ers that the Distaff proved as happy to this little Kingdom as the Sword to others 8 Charles the second of that name and the 30th King of Navarre whom I mention not for any glorious Actions atchieved in his life for that was full enough of ignominy but for the strangeness and hideousness of his death He was a Prince much given to voluptuousness and sensuall pleasures which so wasted his spirits that in his old age he sell into a kind of Lethargie To comfort his benummed joynts he was bound and sewed up naked in a sheet steeped in boyling Aqua-vitae The Chirurgion having made an end of sewing the sheet and wanting a knife to cut off the threed took a wax candle that stood lighted by him but the flame running down by the threed caught hold on the sheet which according to the nature of Aqua-vitae burned with that vehemency that the miserable King ended his dayes in the fire 9 John of Aâ—agon the second Sonne of Ferdinand the first in the life of his Brother Alphonso was made King of Navarre in right of Blanche his Wife Daughter of Charles the 3d and on the death of his Brother King of Aragon also And though his Queen died long before him in whose right he reigned yet he kept possession of the Kingdom till his death reigning 54 years in all notwithstanding the opposition made against him by Charles Prince of Viana his onely Sonne by that mariage and Heir apparent of that Crown whom he vanquished imprisoned and at last poysoned 10 John Earl of Albret in Gascoigne King of Navarre in right of Katharine his Wife in whose reign the Kingdom of Navarre was seized on by Ferdinand the Catholique Sonne of the said John King of Aragon and Navarre by a second Wife The manner of it we shall relate with more particulars when we have summed up the whole Succession of The Kings of Navarre A Ch. 716. 1 Garcia Ximines 42. 758. 2 Garcia II. Sonne of Garc. Ximines 822. 3 Fortunio 13. 815. 4 Sancho Garcia 17. 832. 5 Ximines Garcia the last of the direct Line of Garcia Ximines An Interregnum of 4 years 844. 6 Inigo surnamed Arista Earl of Begorre the next Heir Male of the house of Garcia Ximines 23. 867. 7 Garcia III. surnamed Inigo 18. 885. 8 Fortunio II. King of Navarre and Earl of Aragon 16. 901. 9 Sancho II. called Abarca Brother of Fortunio the 2d 19. 920. 10 Garcia IV. 49. 969. 11 Sancho III. 24. 993. 12 Garcia V. surnamed the Trembler 1000. 13 Sancho IV. surnamed the Great of whom sufficiently before 1034. 14 Garcias VI. called de Nagera eldest Sonne of Sancho 20. 1054. 15 Sancho V. slain by 1074. 16 Raymir the Brother of Sancho the fift dispossessed by 1076. 17 Sancho VI. surnamed Ramires King of Aragon 18. 1094. 18 Pedro King of Aragon 1104. 19 Alfonso called the Warriour the last of the Kings of Aragon reigning in Navarre 1134. 20 Garcia VII Nephew of Garcia de Nagera 16. 1150. 21 Sancho VII surnamed the Wise 1194. 22 Sancho VIII the last of the Male issue of Garcia Ximines 40. 1234. 23 Theobald Earl of Champagne Sonne of the Lady Blanch Sister and Heir of Sancho the 8th 19. 1253. 24 Theobald II. Earl of Campagne 18. 1271. 25 Henry Sonne of Theobald the 2d 3. 1274. 26 Joane the Daughter of Henry maried to Philip the Fair of France 31. 1305. 27 Lewis Hutin King of France 10. 1315. 28 Philip the Long King of France 5. 1320. 29 Charles the Fair King of France 8. 1328. 30 Joane II. Qu. of Navarre the Daughter of Lewis Hutin Philip II. Earl of Eureux 1349. 31 Charles II. Sonne of Ioane and Philip of Eureux 37. 1386. 32 Charles III. Earl of Eureux 39. 1425. 33 Iohn Prince of Aragon after the death of his elder Brother King of Aragon also the Husband of Blanch the Daugher of Charles the 3d. 54. 1479. 34 Leonora Daughter of Iohn and Blanch the Widow of Gaston Earl of Foix a Queen of 15 dayes onely 1479. 35 Francis Phoebus Grandchild of Leonora and Gaston of Foix by their Sonne Gaston Prince of Viane 1483. 36 Catharine Sister of Francis Iohn Earl of Albret 1517. 37 Henry II. Earl of Albret Sonne of Iohn and Catharine 1556. 38 Ioane III. Daughter of Henry of Albret Antonie of Burbon Duke of Vendosme in France 1572. 39. Henry III. the Sonne of Antonie and Ioane after the death of Henry the 3d of France succeeded also in that Realm by the name of Henry the 4th 1610. 40 Lewis II. of Navarre and XIII of France 41 Lewis III. of Navarre and XIV of France now living with whom remain the rights but not the possession of this Kingdom For in the reign of Catharine and Iohn of Albret Ferdinand gathered an Army under the pretence of rooting out the Moores and surprized this Kingdom altogether unprovided and destitute of means to make the smallest resistance Anno 1512. The pretended reason of this surpizall was an Excommnication laid on these Princes by the Pope of which this King took upon him to be the Executioner but the true cause was an antient desire which this King had to possess this frontire kingdom it being a strong Bulwark against France It hapned then that Lewis the 12th having incurred the displeasure of Pope â—tâ—lio the second was together with all his adherents excommunicated and his and their estates given to such as could or would subdue them The King and Queen of Navarre were at this time both French subjects he in respect of Albret his paternall inheritance and she of her estates of Foix and Bearn and therefore sided with the French King Ferdinand having as we said levied an Army under colour of extirpating the Moores turneth upon the French King and demanded of these Princes not only a free
for English Fugitives 3. Orchies a pleasant town and well traded for the making of Serges which with the other two make up the three Estates of this part of Flanders 4. Armentiers an unwalled town but of very great trading here being yearly 25000. pieces of Cloth sent hence to Italie and thence to Constantinople 5. Tournay or Dornick as the Dutch call it a great rich mighty and strong town seated on the Scheld well built and full of stately and magnificent Churches and religious Houses and anciently honoured with a See Episcopall A town of great importance and much contended for betwixt the Flemmings and the French but finally fell unto the French as the more puissant Prince taken from them by Henry the eighth of England Anno 1513. to whom the Citizens paid 100000 Duckets for their present ransome restored by him unto the French Anno 1518. for the sum of 600000. Crowns and finally from them recovered by Charles the fift who restored it to the body of Flanders from which it had been long dismembred but so that it is governed as a State apart and is called the Signeury of Tournesis having a goodly jurisdiction over the Countrey round about it 6. S. Amand in the Countrey of Tournesis pleasantly seated on the Scharpe in which is one of the richest Abbies in all Flanders the Abbat thereof having the temporall and spirituall jurisdiction over it and the parts about it And so much for the Chorographie of the Earldome of Flanders inhabited by the Nervi and Morini in the time of Caesar 11. ARTOIS is bounded on the East with Flanders Gallâ—â—ant and the Countrey of Cambray on the South and West with Picardie on the North with Flanders Flammegant and the River Lis. The aire exceeding temperate and the soyle so fruitfull that it serveth as a Granarie to a great part both of Flanders and Brabant On the West part hereof towards France lyeth the Earldome of S. Paul so called from the chief town thereof a goodly Signeurie and of great jurisdiction and revenue containing besides many Villages the good town of Berne a walled town and of great importance The Earls hereof were of the noble family of the Earls of Luxembourg the last of which was Lewis of Luxembourg made Constable of France by K. Lewis the 11. With whom as also with Edward the 4. of England and Charles Duke of Burgundie he plaid so many crosse tricks that having long deluded them all and kept them in a continuall jealousie of one another he was at last by Duke Charles taken and beheaded After whose death this goodly Signeurie fell to the house of Vendosme in France by the marriage of Francis Earl of Vendosme with Mary the daughter of this Lewis to whom it was adjudged by the power and favour of the French-Kings the Heirs Males being made uncapable of succession in it by the Attaindure and Confiscation of the said last Earl By means whereof the house of Vendosme were entituled to many fair Estates in Artois and Flanders and much good lands in France which they were possessed of The Armes of these Earls were Argent a Lyon Gules armed and Crowned Or his tail forked of the second As for the residue of Artois the towns of most importance in it are Arras in Latine Attrebatum Civitas the chief City of the Attrebates the old inhabitants hereof in the time of Caesar and still the chief City of this Province a large populous and well fortified City anciently honoured with a See Episcopall and stocked with an industrious people the first makers of the Cloth of Arras which took name from hence Divided into two distinct towns both of them walled and called by two severall names the lesser called La Cite subject to the Bishop beautified with a fair and stately Cathedrall Church and a Library containing many excellent Manuscripts the lesser called La Ville subject to the Prince having large streets and a rich Monastery of the yearly revenue of 20000. crowns By Ptolemy it is called Regiacum seated within a bow-shoot of the River Scharp and heretofore the Metropolitan town of Flanders till Artois was dismembred from it since which time the chief City of this Province as before is said 2. S. Omer a fair town and well peopled seated upon the River Aa some 8. Dutch miles from the Ocean so called from S. Omer or Audomarus Bishop of the Morini who built a Monastery in this place from which grew the town the second of esteem and rank in all the countrey Near to it is a goodly lake of fresh water in which are many little Ilands affording good pasturage for Cattell of which Lewis Guicciardine reporteth that by fastning a cord unto the bushes which grow in them a man may draw them which way he will and that under them there are found great numbers of fishes who bed themselves there for shelter against the Weather 3. Betune a strong town and seated amongst excellent pastures of which the people make great plenty of the best Cheese which with the territory hereof fell to Guy of Dampierre Earl of Flanders in right of Maud his wife daughter and heir of Daniel the Lord of this town 4. Aire on the Lys a strong town with a Castle of great antiquitie 5. Bapaulme a little but well fortified town and yet more strong because it cannot be besieged for want of fresh water which is not to be had within three leagues of it 6. Renty an unwalled town but fenced with a very strong Castle besieged by the French Anno 1554. but being overcome in a set-field by Charles the fift they were fain to raise the siege and go home again 7. Hedinfert on the confluence of two little Riverets Blangis and Canche a frontier town on the edge of France one of the strongest and most defensible places of all the Netherlands built by Charles the fift out of the ruines of old Hesdin which having taken from the French he commanded it to be razed as no longer serviceable and raised this town instead thereof somewhat near France 8. Terâ—in or Theroven the Tervanna of Ptolemy and Civitas Morinum of Antoninus a frontire town held for a long time by the French by whom thought impregnable till taken by King Henry the 8. Anno 1513. they changed their opinion A siege not only memorable for the issue of it but for two other matters of great moment the one that the Emp. Maximilian came and served in person under the colours of S. George with the English crosse upon his breast the other that the French intending to victuall the town had so great an overthrow that had the English followed their fortune they had opened a fair way to have made themselves masters of all France the French King being so astonished on the newes hereof that he prepared to flie into Britain But the English more minded the spoyles and riches of Terwyn then the sequell of an absolute victory Et fruâ—
The Signeurie of MACHLIN consisteth only of that City and a small Territorie of nine Villages adjoining to it The Citie seated on both sides of the River Dele which ebbeth and floweth to the town and a league above it and running through the very midst maketh in it a number of small Islands to the great ornament and commoditie of it A goodly town containing seven Parish Churches besides the Cathedrall being the See of an Archbishop founded here in the year 1559. strong in regard it may be easily drowned on all sides and of great wealth by reason of the many manufactures of linnen great Artillery of Brasse and Iron Bels painted works and others of like use and ornament And being situate in a manner in the Center of Brabant distant four Leagues from Antwerp Lovain and Bruxels was made by Charls the Warlike who loved the place the ordinary seat of the great Councell of State to which appeals are made from the other Provinces But yet more beautifull in former times then it is at the present the City being much defaced by firing 200 barrels of powder anno 1546. and by the â—ackage of of the Spaniard by whom it was taken by force anno 1572. most memorable at this time for a famous Nunnerie like to that of Nivelle wherein are sometimes 1600 Nuns who when they please may leave their Cloister and be married A town though in Brabant yet not of it but a State distinct for which cause many 〈◊〉 men at the time of their child-birth use to lay downe their bâ—llies in some Village of Brabant 〈◊〉 their children may be capable of the priviledges and immunities of that country The principall of the Villages is named Leest or Heyst pleasantly seated on an hill the residue of the Burroughs lying at the foot thereof Both Town and Villages the patrimonie heretofore of the noble family of the Bertholds which failing in the person of Gualter slain in the battle of Worancan by John Duke of Brabant it sell the one half to the Bishop of Leige who sold his moitie to John the second Duke of Brabant the other to the Earl of Gueldres who in the year 1333. sold his part unto Lewis of Malain Earl of Flanders But he sold nothing but the title John the third Duke of Brabant having seised upon it and added it to his estate the occasion of some quarrels between those Princes composed by the marriage of that Lewis with the heir of Brabant But to return again unto Brabant it self the antient inhabitants hereof were the Aduatici and some part of the Tungri accompted by the Romans a part of the Province of Germania secunda and by the French a Province of the Kingdom of East-France or Austrasia when it was a Kingdom as after of the great Dukedom of Lorrain conteining then the modern Dukedoms of Lorrain Gulick and Brabant with the lands of Luick Brabant at that time had the name of Basse or Low Lorrain and as a memory thereof there is a Court for criminall and civill causes held at Genappe one of the Franks or Market towns of Brabant called La Court de Lorrain to this day A Dukedom first erected by the Emperour Otho the 2. who gave it to Charles of France son of Gerburg his Aunt by Lewis surnamed Transmarine King of France reserving out of it as a Dower for his said Aunt Gerburg the towns and territories of Lovain Bruxels Nivelle and Antwerp lying in the Marches of his Dominions towards France which he honoured with the title of the Marquisat of the holy Empire anno 981. Gerburg the sister and after the death of her brother Otho the heir of Charls disseised of Lorrain and the right of that fair inheritance by the Emperour Henry who gave it to Geofrey of Ardenne succeeded her Grandmother the first Gerburg in the towns and territories of Lovain Nivelle and Bruxels which she conveyed in marriage to Lambert one of the sons of Reyner of Hainalt with the title of Earl of Lovain Henry his son having made himself Master of Antwerp also was by that means possessed of the whole Marquisate but still retained the title of Earl of Lovain Godfrey the 6. Earl having enlarged the bounds of his Dominions was by the Emperour Henry the 5. anno 1108. created the first Duke of Brabant whether so named from the old Bratuspantium which Caesar placeth in this tract or that it was so called quasi Brachland that is to say a barren soil is not yet determined John the first Duke of that name added hereunto the Dutchie of Limburg and John the third the Signeurie of Malines or Machlin How it became united to the house of Burgundie is to be seen by the ensuing Catalogue of the The EARLS of LOVAIN and DUKES of BRABANT 104 1 Lambert one of the sons of Regnier Earl of Hainalt made the first Earl of Lovain in right of Gerburg his wife 1015 2 Henry the son of Lambert who took Antwerp making it the head City of the Marquisate of the holy Empire 1046 3 Lambert II. son of Henry 1054 4 Henry II. son of Lambert the second 1068 5 Henry III. son of Henry the second 6 Henry IV. son of Henry the third 1096 7 Godfrey surnamed Barbatus brother of Henry the fourth created the first Duke of Brabant by the Emperour Henry the fifth anno 1108. father of Adelize the second wife of our Henry the first 1140 8 Godfrey or Geofrey II. son of Godfrey 1143 9 Godfrey or Geofrey III. son of Godfrey the second 1183 10 Henry V. son of Godfrey the third 1230 11 Henry VI. surnamed the Good son of Henry the fift 1247 12 Henry VII surnamed the Magnanimous by whose marriage with Sophia daughter of Lewis the sixt Lantgrave of Turingia the Lantgravedome of Hassia came into this house invested on it in the person of Henry his son by the said Sophia 1260 13 John son of Henry the seventh took in the Dukedom of Limbourg and destroyed the potent Familie of the Bertholds his younger brother Henry by another venter succeeding in Hassia 14 John II. son of John the first bought of the Bishop of Leige the moitle or one halfe of Machlyn 1312 15 John III. son of John the second added the whole estate of Machlyn to the Dukedome of Brabant 1355 16 Joane eldest daughter of John the third married to Wenceslauâ— the first Duke of Luxembourg but dyed without issue 1406 17 Anthony of Burgogne son of Philip the Hardie and the Lady Margaret his wife daughter of Lewis de Malain Earl of Flanders and of Margaret the sister and heir of Joane after the death of the said Wenceslaus and Joane his wife succeeded in the Dukedom of Brabant his elder brother John giving way unto it 1415 18 John IV. sonne of Anthony by his first wise Joane daughter of Waleran Earl of Saint Paul 1426 19 Philip the second son of Anthony and brother of John the fourth 1430 20 Philip
reason be assigned for Zutphen in regard it is a State more ancient then that of Guelderland it self and not depending anciently on the fortunes of it united to it by the marriage of Othe of Nassaw the first Earl of Guelderland with Sophia daughter and heir of Wickman the last Earl of Nutphen So as this Earldome ended when that first began After this it continued subject to the Earls and Dukes of Gueldres till the revolt of Holland and the other Provinces from the King of Spain at what time it was besieged for the States by the Earl of Leicester at the siege whereof fell that gallant Gentleman Sir Philip Sidney of whom our British Epigrammatist thus verfifieth Digna legi scribis facis dignissima scribi Scripta probant doctum te tua facta probum Thou writ'st things worthy reading and didst doe Things worthy writing too Thy Acts thy valour show And by thy works we do thy learning know And though upon the losse of that gallant man nephew and heir unto that Earl the siege was raised at the present yet was it re-enforced again anno 1190. and the Town then taken continuing ever since in the confederacy of the States united GROINING-LAND hath on the east East-Friseland on the west West-Friseland on the North the main Ocean on the South Over-yssell so wedged in as it were betwixt both Friselands that some hold it to be but a part of the West It containeth under it the Country called the Ommelâ—nds corruptly for the Emmelands as I conjecture because lying along the River Ems and therein 145 Burroughs and Villages the chief whereof are 1. Dam near the Ems bordering on East-Friseland 2 Keykirk 3. Old-Haven standing on the Sea As for the town of Groyning it self it is rich great and very well built situate-amongst divers small streames which run through it and having also divers Channels for conveyance of waters which addes much to the safety and strength thereof A town of great jurisdiction both within and without judging absolutely without appeals in causes both Civill and Criminall in Spirituall subject heretofore to the Bishop of Munster till made one of the new Bishopricks by King Philip the second anno 1559. And though the Prince in Civill causes had his officer or Lieutenant there yet in Criminall the town was Soveraign and granted pardons as Soveraign of the whole estate paying to the Prince for all duties yeerly but 6000 Crowns Both Town and Country anciently belonged to the Bishops of Vtrecht by whose negligence in defending them they submitted their estate to the Dukes of Guelderland But the Dukes of Saxonie laying some claim to it disturbed this agreement for a time during which Ezardus the Earl of East-Friseland possessed himself of it but not able to make good his unjust possession sold his estate therein to Gueldres anno 1514. to whom of right it did belong Afterwards in the yeer 1536. they put themselves under the command of Charles the fift but with the reservation of all their priviledges and ancient Liberties for preservation of the which in danger to be over-born by the power of the Spaniard they consederated with the rest of the united States anno 1594. and so still continue The antient inhabitants of these Countries were the Menapii and Sicambri very valiant people possessing Guelderland and the Majores Frisii which were planted in Groyning and the rest of Friseland Of these the Sicambri were accompted the most valiant people uniting with other nations in the name of French and by that name possessing with the rest of those Nations the mighty Empire of the West In the division whereof by the posterity of Charles the Great these Countries were first part of the Kingdome of Austrasia or East-France afterwards of the Germane Empire governed at the first by Guardians or Protectours created by the people in the reign of Charles the Bald the two first being Wickard and Lupold or Leopold two Brethren who fixing their chief Seat in the Castle of Gueldres occasioned the whole Country to be called Guelderland But they and their successours by what name or title soever called were in effect but Provinciall Officers accomptable to the Emperours for their administration the first free Prince hereof being Otho of Nassaw who having to his first wife the Lady Aleide daughter of Wickard the last Guardian was by the Emperour Henry the third made first Earl of Guelderland adding thereto the State of Zutphen by a second marriage as is said before In Reinold the ninth Earl it was made a Dukedome by the Emperour Lewis of Bavaria anno 1339. sold by Duke Arnold justly incensed at his ungracious son Adolp to Charles Duke of Burgundy for 92000 Florens of ready money and an Annuall pension anno 1472. But notwithstanding this Agreement Adolph upon the death of Charles possessed himself of it and left it unto Charles his son who finally surrendred it unto Charles the fift anno 1547. EARLS and DUKES of GVELDERLAND 1079 1 Otho of Nassaw the first Earl 2 Gerard the son of Oth by his first wife Aleide 1131 3 Henry the son of Gerard. 1162 4 Gerard II. son of Henry 1180 5 Otho II. brother of Gerard. 1202 6 Gerard III. son of Otho the second 1229 7 Otho III. son of Gerard who walled the towes of Ruermond Aruhem Bomel Goch Wageniâ—gen and Harderwick 1271 8 Reinold son of Otho the third taken and imprisoned till his death by 1326 9 Rainold II. his own son created the first Duke of Gueldres by the Emperour Lewis of Bavavaria at Francfort Anno 1339. liberall to the poof and a great Patron of the Muses 1343 10 Rainold III. son of Rainold the 2 d molested with continuall wars with his brother Edward by whom taken and imprisoned till his dying day 1371 11 Edward the son of Rainold the second by Eleanor the daughter of Edward the third of England his second wife dyed the same yeer with his brother the last of the male issue of Otho of Nassaw 1371 12 Mary by some called Joan Sister of Edward by the same venter and wife of William Earl of Gulick 13 William son of William Duke of Gulick and Mary of Gueldres admitted Knight of the Garter by King Richard the second 14 Rainold IV. the brother of William 15 Arnold of Egmond son of John Lord of Egmond and Mary his wife daughter of Joan the sister of Rainold and William the two last Dukes succeeded in the estate of Gueldres taken impriâ—oned and most barbarously handled by his own son Adolph and delivered by Charles the Warlike Duke of Bargâ—ndie he sold to him his estates of Gueldres and Zutphen to be injoyed by him after his decease anno 1472. 1473 16 Adolpâ— the wicked son of Arnold dispossessed of his estate by the said agreement which Duke Charles enjoyed for his life after the death of the said Charles was restored to liberty by the Gauntois anno 1467. and made the Generall of their
or given by this Emperour and his father almost all the Lands which they possesse at this day though afterwards extorted from them by the following Emperours or under colour of their Title by many severall wayes and means brought again unto them as shall be shewen hereafter in convenient place The Venetians in that little they then had remained sui juris The rest of Italie containing all the other Provinces of the Kingdom of Naples together with Tuscanie Friuli Treviginna and whatsoever is at this day in the possession of the Dukes of Millaine Mantua Modena Parma Montferrat and the Duke of Savoy as Prince of Piemont together with Liguria or the State of Genoa was reserved by Charles unto himself and in his life-time given by him to Pepin his second sonne with the stile or title of King of Italie But long it did not rest in the house of France the Princes of the Lombards wresting it from the line of Charles and after weakning and dividing it by their severall factions till in the end instead of an united Kingdom there rose up many scattered Principalities as shall hereafter be declared But first we must proceed to the Kings of Italie of which we shall endeavour as exact a Catalogue as the confusions of that State can be capable of The Kings of Italie of the French Italian and German Lines 1 Pepyn sonne of Carolus Magnus died before his Father 2 Barnard sonne of Pepyn 3 Ludovicus Pius Emperor and King of France 4 Lotharius Emperor eldest sonne of Ludovicus 15. 5 Ludovicus II. Emperor eldest sonne to Lotharius 20. 6 Carolus Calvus Emperor the youngest sonne of Ludovicus Pius 2. 7 Caroloman nephew to Ludovicus Pius by Ludovicus his second sonne surnamed the Antient 8 Carolus Crassus or the Fat Emperor brother of Coroloman the last King of Italie of the house of Charles he died Ao. 888. 9 Guy Duke of Spoleto contends with Berengarius Duke of Friuly both of the Longobâ—rdian Race for the Kingdom of Italie and in fine carrieth it against him 10 Lambert the sonne of Guy crowned by Pope Formosus 11 Ludovick sonne of Boson of Ardennes King of Arles and Burgundy by some Writers called onely Earl of Provence upon the death of Lambert invadeth Italie and is made King 12 Berengarius Duke of Friuly vanquisheth Ludovicus is made King of Italie and at last overcome by the Hungarians who having wasted the Countrey returned back again 13 Rodolph Duke of Burgundy Trans-urane called into Italie against Berengarius resigned it in exchange for the Kingdom of Arles and Burgundy to his Cousen 14 Hugh D'Arles King of Arles and Burgundy who held the Kingdom of Italy upon this resignation but after many troubles was at last outed of it by Berengarius and returned into France 15 Berengarius II. sonne of the former Berengarius on the retreat of Hugh received by the Italians as Protector to Lotharius the son of Hugh besieging Adelhais the next heir of Italie on the death of Lotharius was taken prisoner by the Emperor Otho 16 Otho called into Italie by Adelhais daughter to Rodolph King of Burgundy and Italie marieth the Lady and in her right is King of Italie 17 Otho II. son of the former Otho marieth Theophania neece to Nicephorus Phocus Emperor of Constantinople and hath Calabria for her Dower 20. 18 Otho III. Emperor and King of Italie in whose minority the Kingdom was usurped by 19 Harduicus a man of great power in Italie who kept it all the time of Otho till being broken with long wars by Henry the succeeding Emperor he was forced to quit it 20 Henry the second Emperor of that name having thrice vanquished Harduicus got the Kingdom of Italie and left the same unto the Emperors his Successors the Title of Italie after this time being drowned in that of the Empire and the Countrey governed as a part and Member of the Empire by such Commanders and other Officers as the Emperors from time to time sent thither But long it staid not in that state For the Popes of Rome knowing how much it did concern them in point of Politie to weaken the Imperiall Power in Italie without which their own Grandour could not be maintained stirred up continuall factions and wars against them and by that means and by the Censures of the Church which they denounced according as they saw occasion did so astonish and distract them that in the end the Emperors began to lay aside the affairs of Italie by which they reaped more trouble than the profit came to Insomuch that Rodolfus Habspurgensis a valiant and a politike Prince finding the ill success which Henry the fourth and fifth and Frederick the first and second Emperors of more puissance than himself had found in their Italian actions and pretensions resolved to rid his hands of that troublesom and fruitless Province and to that end made as much money as he could of that commoditie which he saw he was not like to keep And yet he sold good penny-worths too to them that bought them the Florentines paying for their Liberties but six thousand Crowns the Citizens of Luca ten thousand others as they could make their Markets And being once required the reason why he went not into Italie to look to the affairs thereof as his Predecessors had done hefore him he is said to have returned for answer that conceit of the Fox for his not going to attend as the other beasts did at the Lyons Den. Quia me vestigia terrent Omnia me advorsum spectantia nulla retrorsum That is to say I dare not go because no tract I see Of any beast returning towards me Which faulty and improvident resolution being followed by too many of his Successors not onely gave the Popes the opportunity they looked for of making themselves the great disposers of the affairs of Italie but many petit Princes thereby took occasion of getting all they could lay hold on for themselves and others For by this means the Scaligers made themselves Masters of Veroâ—a the Passâ—â—iâ—es of Mantua the Carrarians of Padua the Baillons of Bononia and by the same the Florentines got Pistoia and Ferrara was possessed by the Venetians And although Heâ—ry the 7 th provoked by these indignities made a journey thither reduced many of the revolted Cities to their former obedience and was crowned King at Millaâ—â— with the Iron Crown as were also Ludovicus Bavarus and Charles the 4 th two of his Successors yet found they in conclusion such small benefit by the enterprize as did not quit the charge and trouble which it put them to So in the end Italie was left wholly in a manner to the Popes disposing who gave away to others what they could not manage or otherwise confirmed those men in their usurpations whom they found already possessed of the Emperors Countreys and bound them by that means the faster to the See of Rome of which they were
them though of different judgement 7 Dan. Tossanus the Hebrician To which we may adde 8 Calvin also who though he had his birth in France had his being here and never grew to any eminency in Fame or Learning till he was setled in Geneva For matter of Religion it is of a very mixt condition also in all these Countries that of the Romish onely have publick countenance in the Dukedom of Savoy and Piemont but so that the Reformed is tolerated in some parts thereof especially in the parts next Dauphine to which the neighborhood of Geneva gives a great increase In Switzerland there are four Cantons which are wholly for the Reformation viz. Zurich Bern Basil and Schaffhausen Seven that stand wholly for the Doctrin of the Church of Rome i. e. Uren Switz Underwalden Lucern Zug Friburg and Solothurn in Apenzel and Glaris they allow of both The Grisons are confusedly divided betwixt both Religions but the Italian Praefectures admit no other but the Romish The cause of which division came upon the preaching of Zuinglius a Canon of the Church of Zurich who being animated with Luthers good success in Germany began about the year 1519 to preach against the Mass and Images and other the corruptions of the Church of Rome In which his party so increased that on a publick Disputation which vvas held at Zurich the Mass was abrogated in that Canton by the authority of the Senate Anno 1526 and Images destroyed at Bern 1528. After which prosperous beginnings the Reformation began to spread it self amongst the Confederates and had prevailed further both in France and Germanie but for a difference which arose betwixt him and Luther about the Sacrament of the Supper in which Luther did not only maintain a Reall presence but a Consubstantiation also in the sacred Elements which Zuinglius maintained to be only a bare sign and representation of Christs blessed body For reconciling of this difference wherein the enemies of both did extremely triumph a conference was held between them at Marpurg a town of Hassiae by the procurement of that Lantgrave but without success Luther professing that he durst not agree in that point with Zuingulius ne Principes suos interpretatione tantopere Pontificiis exosa magis invisos redderet for fear of drawing too great hatred on the Princes of his own profession From this time forwards all brake out into open flames the names of Ubiquitarians and Sacramentarians being reciprocally cast upon one another to the great hindrance of the cause which they had in hand yet so that the Lutheran opinions got ground in Germany the Zuinglians amongst these Mountains and in France it self and finally prevailed by the meanes of Calvin in many parts of Germany also But hereof more hereafter in convenient place As for the story of those Countries before they were divided into so many hands we are to know that the old Inhabitants hereof mentioned before were conquered severally by the Romans as shall be shewen in the description of the severall Provinces Won from the Romans by the Burgundians in the time of Honorius the Western Emperor they became'a member of their Kingdom except the Country of the Grisons and some parts of Switzerland which fell under the Almans united afterwards in the new Kingdom of Burgundy of the French erection when subdued by that Nation But Charles the Bald the last of the French Kings of Burgundie having united it to the Kingdom of France divided it into three Estates that is to say the Dukedom of Burgundie on this side of the Soasne the Dukedom of Burgundy beyond the Soasne and the Dukedom of Burgundy beyond the Jour This last containing the greatest part of all these Alpine Provinces except Piemont onely vvas by the sayd Charles given to Conrade a Saxon Prince the sonne of Witikind the third and younger brother of Robert the first Earl of Anion by the name of Earl of Burgundy Transjurane or Burgundy beyond the Jour Rodolph his sonne and successor by Eudes the King of France his Comin German was honoured with the title of King to make him equall at the least with Bosâ—n Earl of Burgundie beyond the Soasne whom Charles the Grose Tabour the same time had made King of Arles But Rodolph finding it offensive to the German Emperors abandoned it on the death of Endes and took to himself the title of Duke The residue of the story we shall have in the following Catalogue of The Earles Dukes and Kings of Burgundie Trnnsjurane 1 Conrade the first Earl of Burgundie Transjurane 890 2 Rodolph Earl King and Duke of Burgundie Transjurane 912 3 Rodolph II. elected King of Italie against Berengarius which title he exchanged with Hugh de Arles who vvas chosen by another Faction for the possession of the Kingdom of Arles and Burgundie on the assuming of which Crown he resigned this Dukedom to his Brother 4 Boson the brother of Rodolph the second succeeded his brother in the Dukedom of Burgundie beyond the Jour as afterwards he succeeded Rodolph his Brothers sonne in the kingdom of Arles and Bnrgundie 965 5 Conrade sonne of Boson King of Arles and Burgundie and Duke of Burgundie Transjurane 990 6 Rodolph III. sonne of Conrade who dying without issue lest his estates to Henry surnamed the Black the sonne of his sister Gisela by Conrade the second Emperor and King of Germanie united so unto the Empire till by the bounty and improvidence of some following Emperors it was cantonned into many parts of which more anon It is novv time to lay aside this discourse as to the generall condition and affairs of these Alpine Provinces and to look over the particulars beginning first with the estate of the Duke of Savoy situate wholly in these Mountains and lying next to Italie where before we left THE DVKEDOM OF SAVOY THe Dukedom of SAVOY is bounded on the East with Millain and Montferrat in Italy on the West with Dauphine in France on the North with Switzerland and the Lake of Geneva and on the South with Provence and the Mediterranean The Country of so different nature that it cannot be reduced under any one character and therefore we must look upon it in the severall parts into which divided that is to say 1 the Principalitie of Piemont and 2 Savoy specially so called 1 PIEMONT in Latin called Regio Pedemontana because situate at the foot of the Mountains as the name in both languages imports is bounded on the East with Millain and Montferrat on the West with Savoy on the North with the Switzers and on the South it runneth in a narrow valley to the Mediterranean having Montferrat on the one side Provence and a part of the Alpes upon the other The Country wonderfully fertile compared with Switzerland and Savoy which lie next unto it but thought to be inferior to the rest of Italie It containeth besides Baronies and Lordships 15 Marquisates 52 Earldoms 160 Castles or walled places and is so
this Island being the seat Royall of the French in Gallâ—a gave name to all the residue of it as they made it theirs A Countrey generally so fruitfull and delectable except in Gastinois that the very hills thereof are equall to the vallies in most places of Europe but the Vale of Monâ—morâ—ncie wherein Paris standeth scarce to be fellowed in the Word An Argument whereof may be that when the Dukes of Berry Burgundie and their Confederates besieged that City with an Armie of 100000 men neither the Assailants without nor the Citizens within found any scarcitie of victuals and yet the Citizens besides Souldiers were reckoned at â—â—0000 It was formerly part of the Province of Belgica secunda and Lugdunensis quarta the chief Inhabitants thereof being the 〈◊〉 the Bellovaci and the Silvanectes and is now divided into four parts that is to say the Dukedom of Valois 2 Gastinois 3 Heurepoix and that which is properly called the Isâ—e of France by some the Prevoste or County of Paris 1 The Dukedom or Countie of VALOIS lieth towards Picardie the principall Cities of it called Senlis in Latin Silvanectum a Bishops See 2 Compeigne Compendium seated on the River Oise a retâ—ing plâ—ce of the French Kings for hunting and other Countrey pleasures 3 Beauvois the chief City of the Bâ—llâ—vaci by ` Ptolomic called Caesaromagus a fair large well-traded Town and a See Episcopall the Bishop whereof is one of the twelve Peers of France Philip one of the Bishops here in times foregoing a militarie man and one that had much damnified the English Borders was fortunately taken by King Richard the first The Pope being made acquainted with his Imprisonment but not the cause of it wrote in his behalf unto the King as for an Ecclesiasticall person and one of his beloved Sonnes The King returned unto the Pope the Armour which the Bishop was taken in and these words engraven on the same Vide an haec sit tunica filii tui vel non being the words which Jacobs children spake unto him when they presented him with the Coat of their brother Joseph Which the Pope viewing swore That it was rather the Coat of a Sonne of Mars than a Sonne of the Church and so left him wholly to the Kings pleasure 4 Clermont a Town of good note in the Countie Beauvoisia memorable for giving the title of Earl of Clermont to Râ—bert the fifth Sonne of the King St. Lewis before his mariage with the Daughter and Heir of Bourbon and afterwards to the Eldest Sonnes of that Princely Familie 5 Luzarch a Town belonging to the Count of Soissons 6 Brenonville 7. St. Loup on the Confines of Pirardie so called from a Monastery dedicated to S. Luviu Bishop of Troys in Champagne sent into Britain with Germanus to suppress the Pelagian Heresies which then were beginning But of this part of France nothing more observable than that it gave denomination to the Royall Familie of the French Kings 13 in number from hence entituled de Valois beginning in Philip de Valois Anno 1328. and ending in Henry the third Anno 1589. As for the Earls hereof from whom that Adjunct or denomination had it's first Original the first who had the title of Earl of Valois was Charles the second Sonne of Philip the third in right of his Wife Earl of Anjou also After whose death it descended upon Philip de Valois his Eldest Sonne who carried the Crown of France from our Edward the third On whose assuming of the Crown it fell to Lewis his second Brother and he deceasing without issue Anno 1391. to Lewis Duke of Orleans Sonne of Charles the fifth amongst the titles of which house it lay dormant till the expiring of that Line in King Lewis the twelfth and lately given unto a Sonne of the now Duke of Orleans Vncle to King Lewis the fourteenth at this present reigning I onely adde that Charles the first Earl of this Family as he was the Sonne of Philip the third Brother of Philip the fourth surnamed the Fair and Father of Philip de Valois So was he Vncle to Lewis Hutin Philip the Long and Charles the Fair all in their order Kings of France In which regard it was said of him that he was Sonne Brother Father and Vncle of Kings yet no King himself 2 The second part of this Province is called HEVREPOIX beginning at the little bridge of Paris on the River of Sein and going up along the River as far as the River of Verine which divides it from Gastinois The chief Towns of it are 1. Charenton three miles from Paris where the French Protestants of that City have their Church for Religious exercises it being not permitted them to hold their Assemblies in any walled Cities or Garrison Towns for fear of any sudden surprize which so great a multitude might easily make Which Church or Temple as they call it being burnt down by the hot-headed Parisians on the news of the Duke of Mayennes death slain at the siege of Montalban Anno 1622. was presently reedified by the Command of the Duke of Mom-bazon then Governour of the Isle of France at the charge of the State to let those of the Reformed party understand that it was their disobedience and not their Religion which caused the King to arm against them 2 Corbeil seated on the Confluence of Sein and Essons 3. Moret which gives the Title of an Earl to one of the naturall Sonnes of Henry the fourth begotten on the Daughter and Heir of the former Earl 4. Melun by Caesar called Melodunum the principal of this Heurepoix and the seat of the Baylif for this Tract Here is also in this part the Royall Palace of Fountain-bel-eau so called from the many fair Springs and Fountains amongst which it standeth but otherwise seated in a solitary and woodie Country fit for hunting only and for that cause much visited by the French Kings in their times of leisure and beautified with so much cost by King Henry the fourth that it is absolutely the stateliest and most magnificent pile of building in all France 3 GASTINOYS the most drie and baren part of this Province but rich enough if compared with other places lieth between Paris and the Countrie of Orleanoys The chief places of it are 1. Estampes in the middle way betwixt Paris and Orleans on the very edge of it towards La Beausse a fair large Town having in it five Churches and one of them a College of Chanoins with the ruines of an antient Castle which together with the Walls and demolished Fortifications of it shew it to have been of great importance in the former times Given with the title of an Earl by Charles Duke of Orleans then Lord hereof to Richard the third Sonne of Iohn of Montfort Duke of Bretagne in mariage with his Sister the Lady Margusrite from which mariage issued Francis Earl of Estampes the last Duke of Bretagne 2. Montleherry Famous for the battle
divided into the Higher and the Lower the Lower containing the Sea coasts and the Higher the more Inland parts Principall Cities of the whole 1 Constance a Bishops See the Spire or Steeple of whose Cathedrall is easily discernable afar off both by Sea and Land and serveth Saylers for a Landmark From hence the Country hereabouts hath the name of Constantin 2 Auranches situate on a rock with a fair prospect over the English Channell but more neer to Bretagn than the other the chief Citie of the Abrincantes called Ingena by Ptolomie now a Bishops See 3 Caen Cadomum in Latine an Episcopall See as the other Strong populous and well built seated upon the River Orne second in Reputation of the whole Province but more especially famous for the Sepulchre of William the Conquerour the Vniversitie founded here by King Henry the 5th and for the long resistance which it made against him in his Conquest of Normanite 4. Baieux the â—ivitas Baiocassium of Antoninus from whence the Countrie round about hath the name of Bâ—ssin Memorable of a long time for a See Episcopal One of the Bishops whereof called Odo Brother unto William the Conquerour by the Mothers side was by him created Earl of Kent and afterwards on some just displeasure committed Prisoner For which when quarreled by the Pope the Clergie being then exempted from the Secular Powers â—he returned this answer that he had committed the Earl of Kent not the Bishop of Bayeux By which distinction he avoided the Popes displeasure 5. Roven of old Râ—thomarâ—m pleasantly seated on the Seine and watered with the two little Riverets of Robeâ— and Râ—inâ—lie which keep it very sweet and clean The Citie for the most part well built of large circuit and great trading the second for bigness wealth and beauty in all France antiently the Metropolis of this Province and an Arch-Bishops See and honoured of late times with a Court of Parliament erected here by Lewis the twelfth Anno 1501. In the Cathedrall Church hereof a Reverend but no beautifull fabrick is to be seen the Sepulchre of Jâ—hâ— Duke of Bedford and Regent of France for King Henry the sixt which when an envious Courtier perswaded Charles the eighth to deface God forbid saith he that I should wrong him being dead whom living all the power of France was not able to withstand adding withall that he deserved a better Monument than the English had bestowed upon him And to say truth the Tomb is but mean and poor short of the merits of the man and carrying no proportion to so great a vertue 6 Falaise upon the River Ante once of strength and note the dwelling place of Arlette a Skinners Daughter and the Mother of William the Conquerour whom Duke Robert passing through the Town took such notice of as he beheld her in a dance amongst other Damosells that he sent for her to accompany him that night in bed and begot on her William the Bastard Duke of Normandy and King of England Her immodesty that night said to be so great that either in regard thereof or in spite to her Sonne the English called all Strumpets by the name of Harlots the word continuing to this day 7 Vernaville Vernolâ—um in Latine in former times accompted one of the Bulwarks of Normandie against the French Of which it is reported that when news was brought to Richard the first that Philip surnamed Augustuâ— the French King had laid siedge unto it he should say these words I will never turn my back till I have confronted those cowardly French men For performance of which Princely word he caused a passage to be broken thorough the Palace of Westminster and came so unexpected upon his Enemies that they raised their siedge and hastned homewards 8 Alanson of most note for giving the title of Earl and Duke to many Princes of the Royal Familie of Valois beginning in Charles de Valois the Father of Philip de Valois French King and continuing for eight successions till the death of Charles the fourth Duke of this line conferred occasionally after that on many of the younger Princes of the Royal Familie 9. Lysieux on the North-East of Alanson a Bishops See the chief Town of the Lexobii as 10 Caux of the Caletes both placed by Caesar in these parts 11. Eureux an Episcopal See also by Ptolomie called Mediolanium the chief Citie antiently of the Eburones and still a rich and flourishing Town the third in estimation of all this Province 12. Gisors a strong frontire Town towards France whilst Normandie was in the hands of the English or under its own Dukes and Princes notable for the many repulses given unto the French And 13. Pontoyse another frontier upon France so called of the Bridge on the River of Oyse which divides France from Normandie on which the Town is situate and by which well fortified on that side but taken at the second coming of Charles the 7th after an ignominious flight hence upon the noyse only of the coming of the Duke of York commander at that time of the Province and the English Forces 14. Albemarl contractedly Aumerl most memorable for giving the title of Earl to the Noble Familie De Fortibus Lords of Holderness in England and of Duke to Edward Earl of Rutland after Duke of York More towards the Sea 15. S. Valenies seated on a small but secure Bay betwixt Dieppe and New Haven 16. Dieppe at the mouth of a little River so named opening into a large and capacious Bay a Town of Trade especially for the Newfound-Land remarkable for its fidelity to Henry the 4th in the midst of his troubles When the Confederates of the Guisian faction called the Holy League had outed him of almost all the rest of his Cities compelled him to betake himself hither from whence he might more easily hoise Sail for England and called him in derision the King of Dieppe 17. New-Haven the Port Town to Roven and Paris situate at the mouth of the River Seine from hence by great Ships navigable as far as Roven by lesser unto Pont de l' Arch 70 miles from Paris the Bridge of Roven formerly broken down by the English to secure the Town lying unrepaired to this day by means of the Parisians for the better trading of their City By the French it is called Havre de Grace and Franciscopolis by the Latines repaired and fortified the better to confront the English by King Francis the first and from thence so named Delivered by the Prince of Conde and his faction into the hands of Q. Elizabeth of England as a Town of caution for the landing of such forces as she was to send to their relief in the first civil War of France about Religion and by the help of the same faction taken from her again as soon as their differences were compounded By means whereof the Hugonots were not only weakned for the present but made uncapable of any succours out of England for the
Blais and Champagne and by him given together with the Earldom of Blais to Theobald or Thibâ—uld his Eldest Sonne his second Sonne named Stephen succeeding in Champagne who in the year 1043 was vanquished and slain by Charles Martell Earl of Anjou and this Province seized on by the Victor who afterwards made Tours his ordinarie Seat and Residence Part of which Earldom it continued till the seizure of Anjou and all the rest of the English Provinces in France on the sentence passed upon King Iohn After which time dismembred from it it was conferred on Iohn the fourth Sonne of King Charles the sixth with the stile and title of Duke of Tourein and he deceasing without Issue it was bestowed with the same title on Charles the eldest Sonne of Lewis Duke of Orleans in the life of his Father the same who afterwards suceeding in the Dukedom of Orleans was taken Prisoner by the English at the Battle of Agincourt kept Prisoner 25 years in England and finally was the Father of King Lewis the 12th 3 On the North side of Anjou betwixt it and Normandie lieth the Province of MAINE The chief Towns whereof are 1 Mans Cenomanensium Civitas in Antoninus by Ptolomie called Vindinum seated on the meeting of Huine and Sartre the principall of the Province and a Bishops See most memorable in the elder times for giving the title of an Earl to that famous Rowland the Sisters Sonne of Charlemaâ—gne one of the Twelve Peers of France the Subject of many notable Poems under the name of Orlando Inamorato Orlando Furioso besides many of the old Romances who was Earl of Mans. 2 Mayenne on the banks of a river of the same name Meduana in Latine the title of the second branch of the House of Guise 1 famous for Charles Duke of Mayenne who held out for the Lâ—ague against Henry the 4th A Prince not to be equalled in the Art of War onely unfortunate in employing it in so ill a cause 3 Vitrun upon the edge of Breagne of which little memorable 4 La Val not far from the head of the River Mayenne of note for giving both name and title to the Earls of Laval an antient Familie allied unto the houses of Vendosme Bretagne Anjou and others of the best of France Few else of any note in this Countie which once subsisting of its self under its own naturall Lords and Princes was at last united to the Earldom of Anjou by the mariage of the Lady Guiburge Daughter and Heir of Helie the last Earl hereof to Eoulk Earl of Anjou Anno 1083. or thereabouts the Fortunes of which great Estate it hath alwayes followed But as for Anjou it self the principall part of this goodly Patrimonie it was by Charles the Bald conferred on Robert a Satâ—n Prince for his valour shewn against the Normans Anno 870. Which Robert was Father of Eudes King of France Richard Duke of Burgundie and Robert who succeeded in the Earldom of Anjou Competitor with Charles the Simple for the Crown it self as the next Heir to his Brother Eudes who died King thereof Slain in the pursute of this great quarrell he left this Earldom with the title of Earl of Paris and his pretensions to the Crown unto Hugh his Sonne surnamed the Great who to make good his claim to the Crown against Lewis the 4th Sonne of Charles the Simple conferred the Earldom of Anjou and the Countrie of Gastinois on Geofrie surnamed Ghrysogonelle a renowned Warriour and a great stickler in his cause in whose race it continued neer 300 years How the two Counties of Main and Tourein were joyned to it hath been shewn before Geofrie the Sonne of Foulk the 3d maried Maude Daughter to Henry the first of England and Widow of Henry the 4th Emperour from whom proceeded Henry the second King of England and Earl of Anjou But Iohn his Sonne forfeiting his Estates in France as the French pretended Anjou returned unto the Crown and afterwards was conferred by King Lewis the 9th on his Brother Charles who in right of Beatrix his Wife was Earl of Provence and by Pope Urban the 4th was made King of Naples and Sicilie Afterwards it was made a Dukedom by King Charles the fifth in the person of Lewis of France his second Brother to whom this fair Estate was given as second Sonne of King Iohn of France the Sonne of Phâ—lip de Valois and consequently the next Heir to Charles de Valois the last Earl hereof the King his Brother yeelding up all his right unto him Finally it returned again unto the Crown in the time of Lewis the 11th The Earls and Dukes hereof having been vested with the Diadems of severall Countries follow in this Order The Earls of Anjou of the Line of Saxonie 870. 1 Robert of Saxonie the first Earl of Anjou 875. 2 Robert II. Competitour for the Crown of France with Charles the Simple as Brother of Eudes the last King 922. 3 Hugh the great Lord of Gastiâ—ois Earl of Paris Constable of France and Father of Hugh Capet 926. 4 Geofrie â—hrysogonelle by the Donation of Hugh the great whose partie he had followed in the War of France with great fidelitie and courage 938. 5 Foulk Earl of Anjou the Sonne of Geofrie 987. 6 Geofrie II. surnamed Martell for his great valour 1047. 7 Geofrie III. Nephew of Geofrie 2. by one of his Sisters 1075. 8 Foulk II. Brother of Geofrie 3. gave Gastinois which was his proper inheritance to King Philip the first that by his help he might recover the Earldom of Anjou from his part wherein he was excluded by his Brother Geofrie 1080. 9 Geofrie IV. Sonne of Foulk 2. 1083. 10 Foulk III. Brother of Geofrie King of Hierusalem in the right of Melisend his Wife 1143. 11 Geofrieâ— V. surnamed Plantagenet 1150. 12 Henry the II. King of England Sonne of Earl Geofrie and Maud his Wife Daughter of King Henry the first 1162 13 Geofrie VI. third Son of King Henry the 2d made Earl of Anjou on his mariage with Constance the Heir of Bretagne 1186. 14 Arthur Sonne of Geofrie and Constance 1202. 15 Iohn King of England succeeded on the death of Arthur dispossed of his Estates in France by Philip Augustus immediately on the death of Arthur Earls and Dukes of Anjou of the Line of France 1262. 1 Charles Brother of King Lewis the 9th Earl of Anjou and Provence King of Naples and Sicilia c. 1315. 2 Charles of Valois Sonne of Philip the 3d Earl of Anjou in right of his Wife Neece of the former Charles by his Sonne and Heir of the same name the Father of Philip de Valois French King 1318. 3 Lewis of Valois the second Sonne of Charles died without Issue Anno 1325. 1376. 4 Lewis of France the 2d Sonne of King Iohn the Sonne of Philip de Valois created the first Duke of Anjou by King Charles his Brother and adopted by Queen Ioan of Naples King of Naples Sicil and
Peer Chamberlain and Regent of France in the absence of Charles the 8th 1503. 9 Charles Earl of Montpensier Duke of Bâ—urbon in the right of Susan his Wife Daughter and Heir of Peter the second Duke of Bourbon After whose death being slain at the sack of Rome Anno 1527. without Issue his Estate fell unto the Crown and so continued till by the Sentence or Arrest of the Court of Parliament in Paris Auvergne Forrest and Beau-jeau were adjudged to Madam Lovise Mother of Lewis the first Duke of Montpensier and Daughter and Heir of Gilbert de Bourbon Earl of Montpensier the Nephew of Iohn Duke of Bourbon the first of that name of which house she was the only surviving Heir from whence descended Henry the last Duke of that Familie spoken of before And for the title of Auvergne it was used customarily by the eldest Sonnes of the Earls and Dukes of Montpensier till given to Charles naturall Sonne of King Charles the ninth called from hence the Count or Earl of Auvergne who being a Confederate of Charles Duke of Bâ—ron was in the year 1604. made Prisoner by King Henry the fourth released by King Lewis the thirteenth Anno 1616. and within two years after made Duke of Aâ—golesme in whose posterity it remaineth The Arms of these Dukes were 1 France a Baston Gules for the Dukedom of Bourbon 2 Or a Daulphin Palme Azure for the Countie of Auvergne 3 Or a Lion Sable armed Gules under a Labell of fine peeces of the same for the Signeurie of Beau-jeu The Arms of the Earldom of Forrest I am yet to seek POICTOU HAving thus taken a survey of those severall Provinces which except Bretagne were the first purchases of the French in the modern France let us next look on those which were possessed by the Gothes And first we will begin with POICTOU their most Northern Province bounded on the North with Beetagne and Anjou on the South with Xantoâ—gne a member of the Dukedom of Aquitain on the East with Tourein Limosin and Bâ—rry and on the West with the Aquitain Seas It is called in Latine Pictavia from the Pictones as Ptolomie Caesar and some others or the Pictavâ— as Antoninus calleth them the old Inhabitants hereof and is a countrey so great and plentifull that there are numbred in it 1200 Parishes and three Bishopricks A strong Argument of the populousness and largeness of it Besides the goodness of the Soil it hath many other great helps to enrich it that is to say a large Sea coast some capacious Harbours not a few navigable Rivers emptying themselves into the Sea besides the benefit which redounds to it from the Clin or Clavius the Crevise and Vienne three Rivers falling into the Loire which also glides along on the North hereof The principall Towns and Cities of it are 1 Poictiers in Latine Pictavis seated upon the Clin or Clavinus by Pâ—olomie called Aâ—gustoruum the largest Citie for compass of ground within the Walls next to Paris it self but conteining in that circuit Meadows Corn-fields and other waste grounds It is an Vniversitie especially for the studie of the Civill Lawes and a See Episcopall one of the Bishops hereof being S. Hilarie surnamed Pictavensis that renowned Father of the Church and a stout Champion of the Catholick Faith against the Aâ—tans though countenanced in their Heresie by the Emperour Constantius 2 Souri upon the River Charente neer the edge of Xantoigne 3 â—almont upon the shores of the Ocean 4 Beaumoir a Sea Town also and a reasonable good Port neer the confines of Bretagne 5 Roch-sur-you which gave the title of Prince to one of the branches of the Royall race of Bourbon 6 Lusignan on the River Ion denominating the Noble Family of Lusignan sometimes Kings of Hierusalem and afterwards of â—yprus which last they had in exchange for the first by the donation of King Rich. the first of England 7 Lucon or Lusson seated upon a navigable arm of the Sea sufficiently famous in being the Episcopall See of the renowned Cardinal of Râ—cheleiu who so long managed the affairs of France for King Lewis the thirteenth 8 Maillesais a Bishops See also 9 Thovars which gives the title of Duke to the antient Familie of Iremovile from which the Dukes of Bretagne did derive themselves from the time that Constance the Daughter and Heir of Conan after the death of 〈◊〉 Plantagenet her first Husband had Guy of Thouars for her second 10 Chastell-Heraula or â—â—sirum Heraldi on the River Vienne of which James Hamilton Earl of Arran in Scotland by the gift of King Henry the second of France the better to assure him to the French Faction there against the English had the title of Duke In the Vine-Fields of this Countrey within two Leagues of Poictiers was fought that memorable Battell between John of France and Edward the Sonne of King Edward the third surnamed the Black Prince Who being distressed by the number of the French would willingly have departed on honorable terms which the French not accepting instead of conquest found a fatall overthrow For they presumingon their own strength to their own disadvantage bereft the enemy of all opportunity of retiring whereas ordinary policie would instruct the Leader of an Army to make his enemie if he would flie a bridge of gold as Count Petillan used to say Hereupon Themistocles would not permit the Grecians to break the bridge made over the Hellespont by Xerxes lest the Persians should be compelled to fight and so happen to recover their former losses and Charles the sixth lost his Army by intercepting of our Henry the fifth in his march to Calice For where all way of flight or retreat is stopt the basest Souldier will rather die with glorie in the front of his battell than flye and be killed with ignominie So true a Mistress of hardy resolutions is Despair and no less true this Proverb of ours Make a Coward fight and he will kill the Devill On the contrary it hath been the use of divers politick Captains to make their own Souldiers fight more resolutely by taking from them all hope of safety but by battell So did William the Conquerour who at his arrivall into England burnt the ships which transported his Armie thereby giving his Souldiers to wit that their lives lay in the strength of their arms and courage of their hearts not in the nimbleness of their heels Tariff the leader of the Moors into Spain burnt likewise all his Navy one onely Pinâ—ace excepted which he reserved to carry tydings of his success When Charles Martell encountred that infinite host of the Saracens of which you have already heard he commanded the people of Tours to open the gates onely to the Victors Then he led his Army over the Loire placing on the bankes thereof certain troupes of horsemen to kill all such as fled out of the field Hereby informing his men that there was to them no more France than what they fought
of France was Duke of Burgundy in right of his Wife the Daughter of Giâ—bert 976. 4 Henry the Brother of Otho 1001. 5 Robert King of France Sonne of Hugh Capet succeeded in the Dukedom on the death of his Vncle Henry 1004. 6 Robert II. Sonne of this Robert and Brother of Henry King of France 1075. 7 Hugh the Nephew of Robert by his Sonne Henry became afterwards a Monk of Clugny 1097. 8 Odo or Otho II. Brother of Hugh 1102. 9 Hugh II. Sonne of Otho the 2d 1124. 10 Odes or Otho III. Sonne of Hugh the 2d 1165. 11 Hugh III. the Companion but great Enemy of our Richard the first in the Wars of the Holy-Land 1192. 12 Odes or Otho IV. Sonne of Hugh the 3d. 1218. 13 Hugh IV. an Adventurer with King Lewis the 9th in the Holy-Land 1273. 14 Robert III. Sonne of Hugh the 4th which Robert was the Father of Joan the Wife of Philip de Valois French King and Grandmother of Philip the Hardie after Duke of Burgundy 1308. 15 Hugh V. Sonne of Robert the 3d. 1315. 16 Eudes the Brother of Hugh was Earl of Burgundie also in right of his Wife 1349. 17 Philip the Grand-child of Eudes by his only Sonne Philip Duke and Earl of Burgundie by descent and Earl of Flanders and Artois in right of his Wife the last Duke of this Line 1363. 18 Philip II. surnamed the Hardie Sonne of Iohn King of France Sonne of Philip de Valois and Ioan Daughter of Robert the 3d. by Charls the 5th his Brother in whom the right of this Dukedom did them remain was made Duke of Burgundy and maried to the Heir of Flanders and the County of Burgundy 1404. 19 Iohn surnamed the Proud Sonne of Philip the 2d Duke and Earl of Burgundie and Earl of Flanders and Artois 1419. 20 Philip III. surnamed the Good who added most of the Netherlands unto his Estate 1467. 21 Charls the Warlike Earl of Charolois Sonne of Philip the Good After whose death slain by the Switzers at the battell of Nancie Lewis the 11th seized upon this Dukedom Anno 1476. pretending an Escheat thereof for want of Heires males uniting it for ever to the Crown of France Of the great wealth and potency of these last Dukes of Burgundie we shall speak further when we come to the description of Belgium the accession whereof to their Estates made them equall to most Kings in Christendom But for their Arms which properly belonged to them as Dukes of Burgundie they were Bendwise of Or and Azure a Border Gules Which Coat is usually marshalled in the Scutchions of the Kings of Spain that of the Earldom being omitted though in their possession The reasons of which are probably for I go but by guess partly because this being the older and Paternal Coat comprehends the other and partly to keep on foot the memory of his Title to the Dukedom it self in right of which he holdeth such a great Estate 19 The County of BVRGVNDIE THe County of BVRGVNDIE hath on the East the Mountain Iour which parts it from Switzerland on the West the Dntohie of Burgundie from which divided by the Soasne on the North a branch of the Mountain Vauge which runneth betwixt it and Lorreine on the the South La Bresse It is reckoned to be 90 miles in length about 60 in bredth and with the provinces of Daulphine La Bresse and Provence made up the Dukedom of Burgundie beyond the Soasne on the Eastern side of which it is wholly situate This part thereof now generally called the Frenche Comtè or the Free County because not under the command of the French Kings but living in a more free Estate than any Subjects of that Kingdom The Country in some parts very Mountainous but those Mountains yielding excellent Vineyards and having in recompence of a little barrenness an intermixture of most pleasing and fruitfull vallies swelling with plenty of all naturall commodities usefull unto the life of man and for variety of fresh streams and delightful Riverets inferiour only to the Dutchie The principall Towns and Cities of it are 1 Besanson called by Caesar Vesontio then the chief Citie of the Sequani as afterwards the Metropolis of the Province entituled Maxima Sequanorum by consequence an Archbishops See Seated betwixt two Mountains on the banks of the River Doux by which it is almost encompassed such artificiall Fortifications being added to it as make it very strong both by art and nature But this is an imperiall City not subject to the Government and Command of the Earls of Burgundie honoured with a small Universitie founded here Anno 1540. by Pope Iulio the 2d and Charles the fifth 2 Dole seated on the same River Doux for riches strength and beauty to be preferred before any in all the County of which it is the Parliament City and consequently of most resort for dispatch of business Antiently it was an University for the study of the Civill Lawes but now the University is devoured by a College of Iesuites who fearing lest the Doctrine of the Reformed Churches might creep in amongst the people not only have debarred them the use of the Protestants Books but have expresly forbid them to talk of GOD either in a good sort or in a bad 3 Salins so called from its salt fountains out of which came the greatest part of the Earls Revenue honoured for a while with the seat of the Parliament removed hither from Dole by King Lewis the 11th at such time as he held this Country beholding to him being a wise and politick Prince for many wholsome Ordinances still observed amongst them 4 Poligni the Bailliage of the Lower as 5 Vescal is of the Higher Burgundy 6 Arboise noted for the best Wines and 7. Laxoal for medicinable Bathes 8 Nazareth on the borders of Switzerland fortified with a very strong Castle the ordinary seat and retreat from business of the first Princes of Orange of the house of Chalons who had great possessions in this Country 9 Gray and 10 Chastel-Chalon 11 Quingey 12 Orgelet Here is also the great and famous Abbie of Clugny neer the Town of Beaum out of which so many Monasteries in the Western Church had their first Originall The old Inhabitants of this Countie were the Sequant a potent name contending with the Hedui and Arverni for the Soveraignty of Gaul till the strife was ended by the Romans under whom it made together with Switzerland the Province of Maxima Sequanorism In the declining of which Empire it fell to the Burgundians and by Rodolph the last King of the French Kingdom of Burgundy was given to Conrade the 2d Emperour of Germaneâ—e After that reckoned as a part of the German Empire governed by such Earls or Provinciall Officers as those Emperours lent hither Othâ— of Flanders Sonne to a Sister of the Emperour Conrade was the first that held it as Proprietarie the other three whom Paradine sets before him in his Catalogue of the
by Pâ—olomie and Antoâ—inus now an Episcopall See the seat of the Vice Roy and one of the best fortified Towns of all Spain 6 Moia not far from the borders of France where it joyneth on Guipuscoa a place of principall importance the Castle whereof was one of the last peeces on this of side the Mountains which held out for King Iohn of Albreâ— against Ferdinand the Catholique in his surprizall of this Kingdom 7 Montreal 8 Olite and 9 Taâ—alla all yielded with the rest of this Kingdom to Frederick of Toledo Duke of Alva Who had the happiness to subdue this Realm to the Crown of Castilâ— as his Sonne Ferdinand had to conquer the Realm of Portugall 10 Tudeâ—e on the Eastern bank of the River Ebro honoured with a little University there founded by Ferdinand the Catholick on his surprizall of that Kingdom 11 Calahorra situate on the western banks of the Iberus or Ibrâ— by Ptolomie called Calagorina by Strubo Calaguris now a Bishops See taken from Raimir the 2d King of Navarre by Aâ—â—onso the 2d of Castile and made a Member of that Kingdom As also was 12 Logrogno on the same banks of the River also 13 Estella bordering on Castile to which adjudged though on the Eastern side of the River by Lewis the 11th of France made Vmpire for the attonement of some differences betwixt Henry King of Castile and John King of Navarre and Aragoâ— The old inhabitants thereof were the Vascones possessed not only of this tract but of Bâ—scay and Guiâ—â—scoa also from them denominated who passing over the Pyrenees made themselves masters of that Province which is now called Gascoigne by the French and Vascovia in Latin Wonne from the Romans by the Gothes and from them by the Moores it began to be a Kingdom under Garcia Ximines a noble man of the Gothish blood who with 600 men only began to make head against the Saracens Anno 716. first under the title of the Kingdom of Sobrarbre and after that of Navarre for the Reasons formerly delivered The sixt from Garcia Xâ—mines was Inigo surnamed Aâ—ista so named from his vehemency and heat in War the Sonne of Simon Earl of Bâ—gorre in Gâ—scoâ—gne elected to this Kingdom on the death of Ximines the fift King Anno 840 or thereabouts as the next Heir but in the collaterall Line of Dâ—n Garcia â—imines the first King of Sobrarbre To him the taking of Pampelune is ascribed most generally though Turquet in his History referre the same to Garcia the second King But certainly the Town was in the hands of the Moores till forced from them by the prowess of Charlemagne by them again recovered after the defeat of Roncevals and held till the time of this King who possessed himself of it To this King also is ascribed the first beginning of the ceremony of Crowning and Anointing after the manner used by the Kings of France But the old Roman Provinciall cited in the titles of honour acknowledgeth no such honour to these petit Kings communicated only in that time to the Emperors of the East and West the Kings of Hierusalem England France and Sâ—â—cil And therefore probable it is that the custome came into Navarre with the house of Champagne Other Kings of most note in the course of Story were 3 Fortunâ— the second Nephew of Inigo Arista by his Sonne Garcia the third who added unto his Estate the Earldom of Aragon descended to him by his Mother the Daughter and Heir of Asnarius or Aznario the last Earl thereof 4 Sancho the fourth surnamed the Great who first assumed unto himself the title of King of Spain his predecessors using no other title than Kings of Sobrarbre or Navarre his Co-temperaries calling themselves Kings of Leon Toledo Sevil Corduba according to the names of their severall Kingdoms the Gothes Kings of the Gothes in Spain and so the Vandalls and the Suevi Onely the Earls of Barcelone at their first Erection by the French entituled themselves the Dukes and Marquesses of Spain as if all were theirs with bragg and vanitie enough But this Prince had some good ground for it as being by inheritance possessed of Navarre and Aragon of Castile in the right of his Wife Donna Nugnâ— or Elviâ—a Sister and Heir of Sancho the last Earl thereof and by conquest of a great part of the Realm of Leon so that almost all Spain not possessed by the Moores was become his own Had these Estates remained entire to his Successors the Moores no doubt had sooner lost their hold in Spain and the whole Continent been brought under the obedience of one sole Monarch But this King either loving all his Sonnes alike or else offended with the eldest who most unnaturally had accused his own innocent mother of the crime of Adultery divided his Estates amongst them giving to Garcia his eldest Sonne the Realm of Navarre with that part of Leon which he held by conquest to Ferdinand his second Sonne Castile and Aragon to his base Sonne Raymir both which he erected into Kingdoms and finally to Gonsales his third Sonne the Realm of Sobrarbre then first dismembred from Navarre By means of which impolitick course his Sonnes being all of equall title and Estates instead of opposing the common foe quarrelled with each other and left the quarrell as a Legacie to their severall Successours which mischief might have been avoided if he had not dignified them all with the title of Kings or left the rest as Homagers unto one Supreme 5 Sancho the fift Nephew of Sancho the Great by his Sonne Garcia de Nagera unnaturally and traiterously slain by his Brother Raymir After whose death and the short interposition of his Murtherer this Kingdom was seized on by the Kings of Aragon three of which viz. Sancho Raymires Pedro Alfonso did severally and successively enjoy the same 6 Alfonso the last of the three Kings of Aragon reigning in Navarre surnamed the Warriour who for a time was King of Castile also in right of â—rraca his Wife in which respect he took unto himself the title of Emperour of Spain though not acknowledged so by others But finally dying without issue and his Brother Raymir or Raymond called the Monk succeeding in Aragon the Kingdom of Navarre reverted to Garcia Raymir Lord of Monson the direct heir of Garcia de Nagera by Raymir Lord of Calahorra his younger Sonne 7 Sancho the 8th the Nephew of this Garcias Raymir by his Sonne Sancho the 7th surnamed the Wise the last King of the masculine and direct line of the Kings of Navarre the Kingdom after his decease passing by the Females or Heirs generall to the Earls of Champagâ—e and so unto the Kings of France the Houses of Eurâ—ux Foix Albret and Vendosme but never holding above 3 descents in any one Family By meanes whereof these Kings being barred from gaining any thing on the Moores by the interposition of the Kings of Castile and Aragon and having no way to enlarge their Revenue
1213. 22 Alexander II. Sonne of William 1250. 23 Alexander III Sonne of Alexander the 2d after whose death dying without any issue An. 1285. began that tedious and bloody Quarrell about the succession of this Kingdom occasioned by sundry Titles and Pretendants to it the principall whereof were Brucâ— and Baliol descended from the Daughters of David Earl of Huntingdon younger Sonne of William and Great Vncle of Alexander the 3d the last of the Male issue of Kenneth the 3d those of neerer Kindred being quite extinct And when the Scots could not compose the difference among themselves it was taken into consideration by King Edward the first of England as the Lord Paramount of that Kingdom who selecting 12 English and as many of the Scots to advise about it with the consent of all adjudged it to Iohn Baliol Lord of Galloway Sonne of Iohn Baliol and Dervorguilla his Wife Daughter of Alan Lord of Galloway and of the Lady Margaret the Eldest Daughter of the said David who having done his homage to the said King Edward was admitted King 1300. 24 Iohn Baliol an English-man but forgetfull both of English birth and English Favours invaded the Realm of England in Hostile manner and was taken Prisoner by King Edward Who following his blow made himself Master of all Scotland which he held during the rest of his life and had here his Chancery and other Courts 6. 1306. 25 Robert Bruce Sonne of Robert Bruce Lord of Annandale Competitor with Baliol for the Crown of Scotland in Right of Isabel his Mother the second Daughter of David Earl of Hunâ—ingdâ—n and consequently a degree neerer to the King deceased than Baliol was though descended from the Elder Sister was crowned King in the life-time of King Edward the first but not fully possessed thereof untill after his death confirmed therein by the great defeat given to Edward the 2d at the fight of Banocksbourn not far from Sterling spoken of before But he being dead Anno 1332. Edward the 3d confirmed the Kingdom onâ— 1332. 26 Edward Baliol Sonne of Iohn Baliol rejected by the Scots for adhering so firmly to the English who thereupon harried Scotland with fire and Sword 10. 27 David Bruce the Sonne of Robert restored unto his Fathers throne by the power of the Scots and a great enemy to the English Invading England when King Edward was at the siege of Calice he was taken Prisoner by Qu. Philip the Wife of that King and brought to Windsor where he was Prisoner for a while with King Iohn of France Released at last on such conditions as best pleased the Conquerour 29. 1371. 28 Robert II. surnamed Stewart King of the Scots by descent from the eldest Sister of David Bâ—uce was extracted also from the antient Princes of Wales as was said before restoring thereby the British blood to the throne of Scotland 1390. 29 Râ—bert III Sonne of Robert the 2d called Iohn before he came to the Crown in which much over-awed by his own brother the Duke of Albanie who had an aim at it for himself 16. 1406. 30 Iames Sonne of Râ—bert the 3d taken prisoner by King Henry the 4th of England as he was crossing the Seas for France to avoid the practices of his Vncle. Restored unto his Country by King â—enry the 5th after 18 years absence he was at last most miserably murdered by the Earl of Athol claiming a right unto that Crown 42. 1448. 31 Iames II. slain by the English at the Siege of Rexborough Castle 24. 1462. 32 Iames III. slain by his own rebellious Subjects 29. 1491. 33 Iames IV. maried Margaret the eldest Daughter of King Henry the 7th but at the soliciting of the French against the Peace between the Nations he invaded England in the absence of King Henry the 8th with 100000 men but was met with by the Earl of Suâ—rey having 26000 men in his Army nigh unto Flodden where he was slain together with two Bishops twelve Earles fourteen Lords and his whole Army routed 23. 1514. 34 James V. Sonne of Iames the 4th and the Lady Margaret kept for a time so good correspondencie with the English that in the year 1536. he was created Knight of the Order of the Garter But afterwards inheriting his Fathers hatred against them he invaded their Borders in the year 1542 and was met by the Lord Wharton then Warden of the West Marches The battells being ready to joyn one S. Oliver Sincleer the Kings favorite though otherwise of no great parentage was by the Kings directions proclamed Generall which the Scotish Nobil ty took with such indignation that they threw down their weapons and suffered themselves to be taken prisoners there being not one man slain one either side The principall prisoners were the Earls of Glencarn and Cassiles the Barons Maxwell Oli hant Somerwell Flemming with divers others besides many of the principall Gentry 28. 1542. 35 Mary the Daughter and onely Lawfully-begotten Child of James the fift succeeded in her Cradle unto the Throne promised in mariage to King Edward the sixt of England but by the power of the Hamiltons carried into France where maried to Francis then Dolphin afterwards King of the French of that name the 2d After whose death she maried Henry Lord Darnly eldest Sonne of Matthâ—w Earl of Lennox Outed of her Dominions by a potent Faction she was compelled to flie into England where after a tedious imprisonment she was put to death in Fothâ—ringhay Castle in Northamâ—tonshire and interred at Peterburg Anno 1586. 1567. 36 JAMES VI. the Sonne of Mary Queen of Scots and of Henry Lord Darnly was crowned King in his Cradle also He maried 〈◊〉 the Daughter of Câ—ristian the 3d King of Deâ—mark was chose of the Order of the Garter Anno 1590. and succeeded Queen Elizabeth in the Realm of England March 24 Anno 1602. And here I cannot omit the prudent foresight of King Henry the 7th who having two Daughters bestowed the Eldest contrary to the mind of his Counsell on the King of Scots and the Younger on the King of the French that so if his own Issue mâ—le should fail and that a Prince of another Nation must inherit England then Scotland as the lesser Kingdom would depend upon England and not England wait on France as upon the greater In which succession of the Scots to the Crown of England the Prophecie of the fatall 〈◊〉 spoken oâ— before did receive accomplishment And so perhaps might that ascribed in the 〈…〉 to an holy Anchoret living in King Egelreds time which is this Englishmen foâ— that they 〈◊〉 them to drunkenness to treason and to rechlessness of Gods house fiâ—st by Danes and theâ— by Normans and the third time by Scots whom they holden least worth of all they shall be overcomâ— Then the World shall be unstable and so diverse and variable that the unstableness of thoughts shall be betokned by many manner diversitie of Clothing For on this union of the kingdoms this
bounded on the East with Cleveland and the Earldome of Zutphen on the West with Holland and Vtrecht on the North with Over-yssell and the Zuider-Zee and on the South with Brabant and the land of Gulick The countrie flat having few hils in it but many pleasant and commodious woods especially that called Echterwalt of corne and cattell very fruitfull The whole Countrey is generally divided into two parts 1. The Veluwe contained within the Zuider-Zee the Rhene and the Yssell the barrener of the two and the worse inhabited the people hereof preferring wealth before health as in other places but affording a more pure aire and a pleasanter dwelling then the other the woods and forrests well replenished with most kinds of game 2. The Betuwe so called of the Batavi who possessed these parts intercepted betwixt the middle Rhene and the Wael exceedingly fruitfull in corn and of so excellent a pasturage for the feeding of Cattell that in the year 1570. there was a Guelderland Bull sold in Antwerp which weighed 3200. pounds In both divisions not reckoning in the county of Zutphen are contained 300. villages and 16. walled Towns besides some fortified of late since the wars began The chief whereof are 1. Nimmegent in Latine Noviomagus an Imperial City ordained by Charles the great to be one of the three Seiges of the Empire for these outer parts the other two being Theonville in Luxembourg Aix or Aken in the land of Gulick And as a Town Imperiall it had anciently the priviledge of coyning money for which and other freedomes of immunities indulged unto it the people did no other service to the Emperours then once a year to send a man to Aix or Aquisgrane with a Glove full of Pepper But the town being sold to the Gueldrois by William Earl of Holland and King of the Romans for 21000. marks of silver anno 1248. the power of coynage fell to those Princes and yet the Town was brought to do better service then formerly it had done at Aken The Town high mounted on the top of an hill the Wael which is there large and deep running at the foot of it rich great and populous having besides the modern fortifications an ancient Castle with so goodly a prospect that from thence one may behold the best part of the countrey built as some say by Julius Caesar to command those parts Under the jurisdiction of it are 2. Tiel and 3. Bomel two walled Towns both situated on the Wael both strong and having many rich villages under their command and 4. Gheut on the Wael also an unwalled Town but having all the priviledges which the walled Towns have Not for off at 〈…〉 meeting of the Wael and the Maes stands the strong Fort of S. Andrews raised by the Archduke 〈◊〉 to command the passage of those Rivers but in the year 1600. taken in by 〈◊〉 Count of 〈◊〉 after Prince of Orange and ever since garrisoned by the States to secure that passage 5. Riuermond seated on the mouth of the Ruer where it falleth into the Maes a beautifull and well peopled City strong by Art and Nature and seated in a fruitfull countrey heretofore of the Diocese of Leige as Nimmegen anciently of Colen but made a See Episcopall by King Philip the 〈…〉 1559. This is the second Capitall City of Guelderland and hath under the jurisdiction of it 6. Venlo a strong Town on the Maes on which the Duke of Cleve yeelded himself to Charles the fift anno 1543. 7. Gueldres heretofore of such reputation that it gave name to all the countrey and well it doth deserve to do so still being the only Town in all this Dukedome which neither first nor last hath been won by the Hollanders but still preserved themselves in their obedience to their natural Princes 8. Stâ—ael or Straelen a well fortified piece but which according to the chances of War hath oft changed its masters 9. Arnhem the Arenacum of Taeitus and in those times the mansion of the 10 Legion situate on the Rhene not above a mile from the great Channell which Drusut to keepâ— his souldiers from idlenesse caused them to dig to let the waters of the Rhene into those of the Yssell called therefore by the Ancients Fossa Drusiana by the moderns Yssell-Dort The Town large and well-built the ordinary residence heretofore of the Dukes of Guelderland who had here their Chancery and other supreme Couurts of justice This is the third Capitall City of Gueldres anciently of the Diocese of Vtrecht and hath under the jurisdiction of it besides divers Villages 10. Wagbeninghen on the Rhene the same which Tacitus cals Vada 11. Harderwick on the Zuider-See burnt to the ground anno 1503. but since reedified and now more strong and beautfull then ever formerly 12. Hattem upon the Yssell a good town of war but not else observable Within the limits of this Dukedome stands the Town and County of Culemberg erected into a County by King Philip the second by reason of the fair territory which belonged unto it formerly held in Fee of the Dukes of Guelderland but otherwise not reckoned as a Member of â—it 2. The Town and Earldome of Buren situate on the River Liughe having a strong Castle anciently and a goodly territory holden immediately of the Empire as a Fief Imperiall The patrimony of the valiant Maximilian of Egmond Earl of Buren who died anno 1549. after whose death it fell to Philip of Nâ—ssaw eldest sonne of William Prince of Orange and Anne the daughter of the said Maximilian ZVTPHEN accompted formerly for the 4. Capitall City of Guelderland now a distinct Province of it self is bounded on the East with Westphalen on the West with that part of Guelderland which is called the Velluwe on the North with Over-yssell on the South with Cleveland It containeth 8. walled Towns besides many Villages that is to say 1. Doetecum standing on the old Yssell rising out of Westphalen 2. Doesburg where the old Yssell falleth into the new Yssell or the trench called Fossa Drusiana communicating thereunto its name 3. Brookhurst a County of it self which anciently had its particular Governour 4. Lochen upon the River Berkell 5. Tsheerenbergue a Town and County 6. Groll taken by the Prince of Orange for the States Confederate anno 1627. 7. Bredervord a town of war and subject to the change of Masters as such places are 8. Zutphen or Zuidfen so called of the Southern situation of it amongst the Fennes on the right shore of the Yssell whereit receiveth in it the River Berkel which runs through the Town A Town indifferently well built as well for private as publick edifices a distinct state in Civill matters but in spirituall subject in former times to the Bishop-of Munster a thing observable and not to be paralleld elsewhere that the four chief Towns and quarters of one Province only should appertain as here in Guelderland to four severall Dioceses Of which there may some
forces against Lewis the eleventh 1477 17 Charles son of Arnold after long wars with the Princes of the houses of Burgundy and Austria pâ—â—tending the sale and legacy of Duke Arnold to Charles the Warlike surrendred his estates unto Charles 〈…〉 to be enjoyed by him after his decease if he left no issue According to which 〈◊〉 the Emperor Charles succeeded him in Gueldres and Zutphen anno 1538. being the year of his 〈◊〉 after that time accompted in the number of the Belgick Provinces The Armes hereof were Quarterly 1. Azure a Lyon Or crowned Gules for the Dukedome of Guelderland 2. Azure a Lyon Gules for the Earldome of Zutphen Thus have we seen a Country which at the first erecting of these Estates was nothing in a manner but bogs and marishes and at the best but a continuall Wildernesse of woods and forrests by the great providence of the Princes and extreme industry of the People made the most populous best planted and the wealthiest Estate for the bignesse of it in the whole habitable world And we have seen those severall Estates and Principalities by Marriages and other Contracts reduced into the hands of the house of Burgundy under the Princes of which great and illustrious Family inferiour to no Kings of Christendome for Power and Riches especially Duke Philip the Good the subjects hereof did so abound in wealth and plenty that Philip de Comines who then lived affirmeth that this Country seemed like the land of Promise Some thought there was a purpose in this Duke Philip of erecting these estates into a Kingdome diverted from it by the difference and variety of Lawes and Priviledges which those people severally lived under not to be brought without great difficulty and distaste to one forme of Government yet might have done it if he would as himself openly affirmed to the Embassadours of King Lewis the 11. But Charles his son being more bent on the designe negotiated to that end with the Emperour Frederick whom he met at Triers anno 1473 and doubtlesse had obtained his purpose upon the marriage of his daughter with Maximilian Fredericks son which was then propounded had not his rash ingagement against the Swissers and his untimely death therein broke the course of his projects which projects had they took effect as in all probability they had but for that engagement he had extended his dominions all along the Rhene and on both sides of it from the Alpes unto the German Ocean and been the most considerable Prince at that time in Christendome all Elsats in high Germany being sold or mortgaged to him by the Duke of Austria the Dukedome of Lorrain at his mercy besides the hopes he had of the Earldome of Provence intended to him by King Reny which would have opened him a way to the Mediterranean he being dead the Government continued as before it was each Province having its distinct Lawes and living according to their ancient Priviledges till the attempt of Philip the second King of Spain most resolutely but unfortunately bent to bring them under the command of that Crown to cancell all their priviledges and new mould the Estate according to his own will and pleasure occasioning thereby the Revolt of a great part of the Country and the setting up of a new Estate opposite unto him and destructive of his interesse in it But before we come unto this change we will first look upon the Princes Power Revenue and other things considerable touching this Estate whilest it stood entire under the Princes of the house of Burgundie and LORDS of BELGIVM 1369 1 Philip the Hardie Duke and Earl of Burgundie Earl of Flanders and Artois the first great raiser of this House 1404 2 John the Proud Duke of Burgundie c. 1419 3 Philip the Good added to his estate the Dukedomes of Brabant and Limbourg the Marquisaâ— and Machlin by the death of his cousin Philip the Earldomes of Hainalt Holland Zeland and the Lordship of West-Friseland by the resignation and death of the Countesse Jaquiline whose next Heir he was the Dukedome of Luxemburg and the Earldome of Namur which he bought for money 1467 4 Charles the Warlike who bought the Estates of Gueldres and Zutphen and held them peaceably all his life 1476 5 Mary the daughter and Heir of Charles married to Maximillan son of the Emperour Frederick from whom King Lewis the eleventh of France took the Dukedome of Burgundie and the greatest parts of the Counties of Burgundie and Artois unfortunately killed with a fall from her horse and an unseasonable modesty in not suffering the Chirurgions to dresse her wound the hurt which she had taken being in her thigh 1482 6 Philip III. sonne of Mary and Maximilian to whom Charles the eight of France restored all the places in Artois and the County of Burgundie taken by his Father marryed Joane daughter of Ferdinand and Isabel Kings of Spain 1506 7 Charles II. Arch-Duke of Austria King of Spain and Emperour of that name the fift added to his Estate in these Countries the Dukedome of Guelderland the Earldome of Zutphen the Lordships of Vtrecht Over-yssell and Groyning 1558 8 Philip IV. of Belgium and the II of Spain invading these Countries against their priviledges was by a great part of them rejected from being their Prince anno 1581. which made him after a long and a bloody war to surrender all his interesse in them to 1599 9 Isabella Clara Eugenia his daughter and Albert Archduke of Austria whom he married to her during whose Government a truce for 12 years was made and in the preface to that Truce the Confederate Estates declared to be treated with as a Free Estate to whom the Kings of Spain could pretend no title 16 10 Philip V. of Belgium and the IV. of Spaine on the decease of the Arch-Duchesse Isabella his Aunt succeeded in the possession of some and the title unto all the Belgick Provinces The ordinary Revenue of these Countries to the Dukes of Burgundie and after to the Kings of Spain before the breach were estimated at three millions of Crowns yeerly which was more then any King in Christendome at those times received the French onely excepted the very measuring of corn in the City of Antwerp being farmed yearly for 100000 Crowns in ready mony But the extraordinary was far greater the Estates of these Countries in the year 1550 granting to Charles the fift an Aide which they call the Noventale amounting to 150000 crowns a moneth and yet the Provinces of Luxenbourg Limbourg Gueldres and Groyning were not rated to it And it is said that Philip the second at his first coming to the Estate was presented with a grant of 40 millions of Florens to be paid in few years So that these Countries were the true Correlative of both his Indies the losse of which before the making of the truce anno 1609. cost him above 100 millions of Crownes and the losse of 400000 men The Forces of these Princes
Adolphus 1475 13 William V. of Berg and VI. of Gulick son of Gerrard 1511 14 Marie daughter and heir of William Dutchesse of Gulick and Berg conveyed the whole Estate in marriage to John the 3. Duke of Cleve and Earl of March continuing in that Familie till the expiration of it in the person of John Williliam the last Prince hereof anno 1610. 4 The Earldom of MARCH or MARK hath on the East and North Westphalia on the West the Dukedom of Cleve on the South that of Berg or Mont. So called as being seated in the Marches of Westphalen out of which it was taken The Countrie for the most part like the rest of Westphalen more fit for pasturage then corn woodie and yeelding store of pawnage to those heards of swine with which it plentifully abounds Chief places in it are 1 Werden upon the River Ruer on the edge of Westphalia the people whereof get great wealth by grazing of Cattle 2 Soest in Latine Susatum for wealth and greatnesse not inferiour to any in Westphalen except Munster only consisting of ten parishes and lording it over many rich and pleasant Villages Anciently it belonged to the Bishops of Colen but in the year 1444. did voluntarily yeild it self to the Duke of Cleve being then Earl of March also and by Duke John the 4. courageously defended against those Prelates 3 Arusberg a fine and pleasant site used for a retiring place by the Electours of Colen unto whom it belongs 4 Dortmond in Latine Tremonia a Countie anciently of it self and held immediately of the Empire possessed by the Troâ—manni a tribe of the Suevians from whence first called Tretmania and at last Tremonia 5 blancostein built commodiously by Adolphus the fift of that name and first Earl of March as was also 6 Hâ—m or Hammone 7 Vnna of which nothing memorable 8 Altena the first title of the Earls of this house before they assumed that of the Earls of March assumed first by Adolphus the 4. on the Conquest of some Lands in the Marches of Westphalen continuing in that Familie till united with Cleve As for the Earldom or Dukedom of CLEVE out of which it was taken and to which the rest of those estates did in time accrew it was one of the most ancient Estates or Principalities in these parts of the world continuing in a direct line for the space of 900 years held by them of the Kings of France and afterwards of the Kings of Lorrain till the incorporating of that Kingdom with the German Empire Begun first by Elias Grullius companion to Charls Martel in his wars against the Frisons Saxons and Bavarians whose son Theodorick added hereto by marriage the Countie of Teisterbant containing the Towns and Seigneuries of Aliena in Wesiphalen as also of Bomel Heusden Buren Culemberg in the Belgick Provinces By Baldwin the sixt Earl was added the territory of Twentzen in Latine Regio Tuentana given him by Ludovicus Pius by Theodorick the fift the town and Seigneurie of Duislake setled upon him on his marriage with Mathilda the heir thereof by Theodorick the 9. the County of Hulkenrade near Nuys in the land of Colen together with the towns of Duysburg and Culembourg bought of Rodolphus Habspurgensis by John his son the town and territory of Keisarswerd bought of Charles the 4. By Adolph the 29. Earl the Earldome of March formerly taken out of it was again united by Adolph his successour made the first Duke hereof by the Emperour Sigismund anno 1417. the Lordships of Gennep Duiffels and Reixwald bought of the said Emperour together with the County of Ravenstein the Towns of Leoburg Limers and Hatteren for the ransome of William Duke of Berg and other noble persons taken prisoners by him anno 1397. by John the first Duke of that name the Town and territory of Soest and finally by John the 3. the Dukedomes of Berg and Gulick as heir thereof by his mother Mary sole daughter and heir of William the fift and sixt the last Duke thereof To which great height this ancient and noble family had not long attained and thereby made themselves and their sons and daughters fit matches for the greatest Princes but it pleased God to bring it to its fatall end and by that means to dissipateâ— his brave estate in the hands of strangers as shall be shewed in the Conclusion of this Catalogue of The EARLES and DUKES of CLEVE A. Ch. 717 1 Elias Grallius companion in the wars of Charles Martell 732 2 Theodorick Earl of Cleve and Lord of Teisterbant 755 3 Rainold son of Theodorick Earl of Cleve and Teisterbant 767 4 Conon of great fame in Armes under Charles the great 778 5 John son of Conon marryed the daughter of Michael Curopalates Emperour of Constantinople 790 6 Robert the eldest son of John 798 7 Baldwin the brother of Earl Robert After whose death anno 830. the Earldone of Teisterbant was taken out of it and made the portion of Robert a younger son from whom descended the two houses of March and Berg. 830 8 Ludowick son of Baldwin 834 9 Eberard brother of Ludovick who gave Teisterbant to his brother Robert 843 10 Luithardus Earl of Cleve 878 11 Baldwin II. 928 12 Arnold 968 13 Wignan son of Arnold 1004 14 Conrade made an Earl of the Empire in the life of his father 1045 15 Theodorick II. 1088 16 Theodorick III. companion of Godfrey of Bovillon in the holy Land 1114 17 Arnold II. brother of Theodorick the 3. 1161 18 Theodorick IV. 19 Arnold III. 1205 20 Arnold IV. 1218 21 Theodorick V. 1229 22 Theodorick VI. 1247 23 Theodorick VII 1255 24 Theodorick VIII 1271 25 Theodorick IX 26 Otho son of Theodorick 1309 27 Theodorick X. brother of Otho II. 2325 28 John brother of Theodorick and Canon of Colen the last of the masculine issue of Elias Grallius 29 Adolphus the VII of March son of Adolph the 6. of March and Mary of Cleve first Archbishop of Colen as six of this house of March had been almost successively before him succeeded on the death of his Uncle John to the Earldome of Cleve inaugurated thereunto by Charles the 4. 1389 30 Adolph II. of Cleve and VIII of March created the first Duke of Cleve by the Emperour Sigismund at the Councell of Constance anno 1417. 1443 31 John III. son of Adolph Duke of Cleve Earl of March and Lord of Ravenstein 1481 32 John II. of the rank of Dukes and the IV of the Earls 1521 33 John III. Duke of Cleve and Earl of March c. by descent from his Father and Duke of Gulick and Berg in right of his wife daughter and heir of William the last Duke thereof 1539 34 William son of John the 3. and Mary his wife daughter and sole heir of William the last Duke of Gulick and Berg father of the Lady Anne of Cleve one of the wives of Henry the 8. of England He contended very strongly against Charles the fift for
their good luck in the Dukedom of Lorrain caused a good Garrison of their own to be put into them anno 1633. under pretence of keeping them for the Children of a Brother of the Duke of Wirtenbergs to whom the inheritance belonged The antient Inhabitants of this tract were the Tribochi with parts of the Nemetes and Rauraci first conquered by the Romans then subdued by the Almains after by the French and by them made a part of the Kingdome of Lorrain in the full of which Kingdom it was reckoned for a Province of the German Empire Governed for the Emperours by Provinciall Earls in the Dutch language called Landgraves at first officiarie only and accomptable to the Emperours under whom they served in the end made hereditarie and successionall unto their posterities The first hereditarie Landgrave said to be Theodorick in the reign of Otho the third after whose death the Empire being made elective gave the Provinciall Governours some opportunities to provide for themselves In his male-issue it continued till the reign of Frederick the 2. who began his Empire anno 1212 and dyed anno 1250. during which intervall this Estate was conveyed by daughters to Albert the 2. Earl of Habspurg Albert Earl of Hobenburg and Lewis Earl of Ottingen Rodolph of Habspurg son of this Albert afterwards Emperour of the Germans marrying with Anne the daughter of the Earl of Hohenlbe became possessed also of his part of the Countrie which added to his own made up the whole Vpper Elsats continued since that time in possession of the house of Austria descended from him The third part comprehending all the Lower Alsatia was not long after sold by the Earl of Ottingen to the Bishop of Strasburg whose Successours hold it to this day assuming to themselves the title of the Landgraues of Elsats But as for Sungow or the Countie of Pfirt that belonged anciently to the Princes of the house of Schwaben in the expiring of which potent and illustrious Familie by the death of Conradine the last Duke anno 1268. that great estate being scattered into many hands it was made a distinct Earldom of it self And so continued till the year 1324. when Vlrich the last Earl dying without issue male left his estate betwixt two daughters whereof the one named Anne conveyed her part in marriage to Albert Duke of Austria surnamed the Short Grandchild of Rodolphus the Emperor before mentioned the other named Vrsula sold her moietie to the said Albert for 8000 Crowns Since that it hath been alwayes in the possession of the Dukes of Austria save only for the time in which it was pawned or mortgaged together with Alsatia to the Duke of Burgundie governed in Civill matters and points of Judicature by the Parliament or Court of Ensbeim in the Vpper Elsats 5. LORRAIN The Dukedom of LORRAIN is bounded on the East with Elsats on the West with the Country of Barrois in France belonging to the Dukes hereof and the rest of Champagne on the North with Luxembourg and the land of Triers and on the South with the County of Burgundy from which and from the Province of Elsats parted by the Vogesus or Vauge wherewith incompassed on those sides Assigned unto Lotharius eldest son of Lewis the Godly with the stile of a Kingdome from thence called Lot-reich by the Dutch Lot-regne by the French from which the modern name of Lorrain and the Latine Lotharingia are to fetch their Pedegree The Countrey is in length about four dayes journey almost three in breadth much overgrown with Forrests and swelled with Mountains the spurs and branches of Vogesus and the once vast Wildernesse of Ardenne yet so sufficiently stored with all manner of necessaries that it needeth no supply out of other places Some lakes it hath which yeeld great quantity of fish one more especially 14 miles in compasse the fish whereof yeelds to the Dukes coffers 20000 l. yeerly it affordeth also divers metals as Silver Copper Tin Iron Lead in some places Pearls Calcidonians also of such bignesse that whole drinking cups are made of them and a matter of which they make the purest glasses not to be paralleld in Europe They have also a goodly breed of Horses equall to those of Barbary or the courser of Naples The people by reason of their neighbourhood to and commerce with France strive much to imitate the French in garb and fashion but one may easily see that it is not naturall and have much in them also of the Dutch humour of drinking but far more moderately then the Dutch themselves Generally they are a politick and an hardy Nation not otherwise able to have held their estate so long against the French Kings and the Princes of the house of Burgundy They lived very happily in former times under their own Dukes not being at all oppressed with taxes which made them very affectionate towards the Prince and usefull unto one another Their language for the most part French as in Artois Luxembourg Triers and other of the bordering Provinces members of the French Monarchy in former times not so refined and elegant as is spoke in France nor so corrupt and course as that of Montbelgard and the the County of Burgundy The rivers of chief note are 1. Marta or the Meurte which receiving into it many Rivers and passing with a swift stream by the wals of Nancie glides along fairely for a good space within sight of the Moselle into which at last it fals near Conde 2 Mosa the Meuse or Maes whose spring and course hath been already described in Belgium 3 Moselle famous for the designe which Lucius Verus Governour for the Emperour Nero had once upon it For whereas it ariseth in the mountain Vauge not far from the head of the river Soasne and disburdeneth it self into the Rhene at Confluence he intended to have cut a deep channell from the head of this unto the other so to have made a passage from the Ocean to the Mediterranean the Soasne emptying it self into the Rhosne a chief River of France as the Moselle doth into the Rhene 4 Selle which mingleth waters with the Moselle not farre from Mets. 5 Sora. 6 Martane 7 Voloy others of lesse note all of them plentifull of Salmons Perches Tenches and the best sorts of fish as in their Lakes great store of Carps some of them three foot long and of excellene tast Principall Cities are in it are 1 Mets by Ptolemie called Divodurum Metis Civitas Mediomatricum by Antoninus the chief City of the Mediomatrices who possessed this tract Seated in the pleasant plain at the confluence of the Sore and Moselle the Royall Sea in former times of the French Kings of Austrasia hence called Kings of Mets long before that a Bishops See as it still continueth 2 Toul the Tullum of Ptolemie the Civitas Leucorum of Antoninus so called from the Leuci the Inhabitants of it and the tract about it pleasantly seated on the Moselle and antiently honoured
with a See Episcopall 3 Verdun an antient Episcopall See also the Civitas Verodonensiam of Antoninus seated on the Meuse or Maes the Bishop whereof as also those of Mets and Toul being the onely ones of this Countrey of Lorrain acknowledge the Archbishops of Triers for their Metropolitan All of them in the number heretofore of Imperiall Cities possessed of large and goodly territories and of great revenue but taken by the French King Henry the second anno 1552. during the wars between Charles the fift and the Protestant Princes of Germany under colour of aiding them against the Emperour And though Charles tryed all wayes to recover them to the Empire againe and to that end maintained a long and desperate siege against the City of Mets yet was the Town so gallantly defended by the Duke of Guise that he was fain to raise his siege and goe off with dishonour Since that they have been alwayes under the subjection of France a Parliament being erected at Mets for the ease of the people as in other Provinces of that Kingdome Of such Towns as immediately belonged to the Duke of Lorrain the principall are Nancey not great but of a pleasant and commodious site well watered by the river Meurte or Marta and fortified better then before in the year 1587. on occasion of a great Army of the Germans passing into France to aid the Protestants most commonly the Dukes seat and famous for the discomfiture which Charles Duke of Burgundy here suffered with the losse of his life 2. St Nâ—câ—las a town so populous well seated and neatly built that were it walled it would hardly yeeld preceedency to Nancie It took name from the body of Saint Nicolas here buryed whose reliques have purchased no small reputation and riches to this town 3 Vaucoleur the birth-place of Joane the Virgin to whose miracles and valour the French attribute the delivery of their countrey from the power of the English but being at last taken prisoner she was by the Duke of Bedford then Regent of France condemned and burned for a Witch Of which crime I for my part doe conceive her free Nor can I otherwise conceive of her and her brave exploits then of a lusty lasse of Lorrain tutored and trained up by the practise of the Earl of Dunois commonly called the Bastard of Orleans and so presented to Charles the seventh French King as if sent immediately from Heaven A project carryed on of purpose as the most intelligent of the French writers say Pour fair revenir la courage aux Francois to revive the drooping spirits of the beaten French not to bee raised againe but by help of a miracle Upon the sight of her Statua on the bridge of Orleans a friend of mine did adventure on a copy of verses in her commendation too long to be inserted here but they ended thus She di'd a Virgin 'T was because the earth Bred not a man whose valour and whose birth Might merit such a blessing But above The Gods provided her an equall Love And gave her to Saint Denys She with him Protects the Lilies and their Diadem You then about whose Armies she doth watch Give her the honour due unto her match And when in field your standards you advance Cry loud Saint Denys and Saint Joan for France Townes of lesse note are 4 Pâ—nt a Moson so called from a bridge on the River Moson with a small University 5 Vandemont which gave a title of an Earl to a younger branch of the house of Lorrain 6 Neauf-Chatteau on the edge of the Countrey towards Barrois 7 Amance seven leagues on the South of Mets sometimes the Chancery of Lorrain 8 Riche Court neer the Lake called Garde-lake out of which floweth a River which runs into the Meurte 9 La Mothe seated on a River which fals presently into the Moselle 10 Churmes the place of treaty between the Duke of Lorrain and the Cardinall of Richelieu the result whereof was the surrender of the town of Nancie and by consequence of all the Dukedome into the hands of the French Septemb. 1633. Of lesse note there are 1 Saint Die 2 Saint Hippolit 3 Bouquenon and 4 Saverden the first towns of this Dukedome taken by the Swedes anno 1633. in the warre against Lorrain 5 Saint Miel 6 Oden-Chasteau 7 Mirecour all taken the same yeere by the French in the prosecution of that war before the treaty at Charmes 8 Romberville 9 Espinul 10 Gerbrevillier c. The old Inhabitants of this Countrey were the Mediomatrices and the Leuci spoken of before together with the Vindonenses all of them conquered by the Romans under whom this Countrey and the District of Triers made up the whole Province of Belgica Prima From them being taken by the French with the rest of Gaule it was made a Kingdome the Provinces of Germania Prima Secunda containing all the parts of Germany before described and so much of the Netherlands as lye on the Westside of the Rhene being added to it called first from the Eastern situation by the name of Austenreic or Austrasia the portion of Theodorick the fourth sonne of Clovis the first Christian King of the French from the chief City of his Kingdome called the King of Mets whose successours follow in this order The KINGS of AVSTRASIA or METS 514 1 Theodorick the base sonne of Clovis the Great vanquished the Turingians and extended his Kingdome as far as Hassia and Turingia as we call them now 537 2 Theodebert the sonne of Theodorick repulsed the Danes infesting the coasts of the Lower Germany and added Provence taken from the Gothes of Italy unto his Estates 548 3 Theobaldus the sonne of Theodebert subdued the Almans and added much of their Countrey to his own Dominions 555 4 Clotaire King of Soissons the youngest sonne of Clovis the Great succeeded Theobald in this Kingdome as afterwards his brother Childebert in the Realm of France anno 560. uniting in his person the whole French Dominion 565 5 Sigebert the sonne of Clotaire vanquished the Hunnes then falling into his Estates killed in his Tent by the practises of Fredegond the wife of Chilperick King of France 577 6 Childebert the sonne of Sigebert successour to his Uncle Guntrum in the Realm of Orleans 598 7 Theodebert the II. the sonne of Childebert vanquished and outed of his Kingdome by Clotaire the second of France from whose eldest sonne Sigebert descended the illustrious family of the Earls of Habsburg 617 8 Clotaire the II. King of France on the death of Theodebert King of Austrasia and his brother Theodorick King of Orleans the sole King of the French 9 Dagobert in the life of his Father King of Mets or Austrasia whom he succeeded at his death in the Realm of France 645 10 Sigebert II. the eldest son of Dagobert made choise of this kingdome for his part of the whole French Empire therein preferring it to West-France or France it self which he left to Clovis the 2.
officiary only removable at the will of the Emperour and accomptable to him not seldome many at one time especially whilest under the command of the French some of them being Dukes of the Upper and others of the Lower Almain So that there is no great certainty of their succession nor much care to be taken in searching after it though otherwise men of great Authority and Command in their severall times The most remarkable amongst them was Rudolph Earl of Reinfelden and Duke of Schwaben descended from the Earls of Habsburg in the reign of Henry the fourth against whom he was chosen Emperour by the practise and procurement of Pope Hildebrand but overcome and wounded at the battell of Eâ—ster he died not long after of his wounds with great repentance for rebelling against his Soveraign After his death some Provinces being dismembred from it and other lesser estates first erected out of it it was made Hereditary in the person of Frederick Baron of Hohenstaussen surnamed the Antient by the munificence and bounty of the said Henry the fourth whose daughter Agnes he had married His successours follow in this order The DUKES of SCHWABEN 1 Frederick the ancient the first Hereditary Duke of Schwaben 2 Frederick with the one eye son of Frederick the Ancient 3 Frederick III. surnamed Barbarossa son of Frederick with the one eye Duke of Schwaben and Emperour he succeeded the Emperour Henry the fift in the Dukedome of Franconia and left the same unto his successours 1190 4 Frederick IV. second son of Barbarossa his elder brother Henry succeeding in the Empire by the name of Henry the sixt 5 Conrade brother of Frederick the fourth 6 Philip brother of Conrade after the death of Henry the sixt elected Emperour 1207 7 Frederick V. son of Henry the sixt elected Emperour by the name of Frederick the second King of Naples and Sicil also in right of his mother 1250 8 Conrade II. son of Frederick the fift King of both Sicils and Emperour of Germany after the death of his Father poisoned as was supposed by his base brother Manfred who succeeded in his Kingdom of Sicil. 1254 9 Conradine the son of Conrade pursuing his right unto the Kingdomes of Naples and Sicil was overcome and taken prisoner by Charles of Anjou successour unto Manfrede in those estates and by his command beheaded at Naples anno 1268. After whose death being the last of that powerfull and imperiall Family this vast Estate was brought unto a second dismembring and divided amongst the Bishops Princes and Free Cities hereof of which last there are more within the old Precincts of this Dukedome then in all Germany besides So that beholding it in the first and second dilapidation we finde many goodly Patrimonies and fair Estates besides what belongeth to the Cities and Episcopall Sees to have been raised out of the ruines of this great Dukedome that is to say the Dukedomes of Zeringen and Wirtemberg with the Marquisate of Baden dismembred from it when conferred on Frederick of Hohenstauffen the Earldomes of Pfirt Hohenberg and Friburg besides a great improvement of the Earldome of Hapsburg advanced out of the second ruine How Pfirt and Hohenberg were unitted to the house of Austria hath been shewn already and what becomes of Wirtenberg and Baden shall be shewn hereafter Here it is onely to be noted that the Family of Zeriugen possessed of almost all Brisgow and great part of Switzerland owe their Originall to Berthilo or Berthold a younger son of Guntrom the first Earl of Hapsburg Which being extinguished in the person of Berthold the fift who dyed the same day in which the Emperour Rodolph of Hapsburg was born anno 1218. the rights hereof descended on the Earls of Friburg the principall City of that Country Eggow the last Earl of which house being overlaid by his undutifull and rebellious Subjects sold his estate therein â—o 12000 Ducats to Albert and Leopold Dukes of Austria sons of Albert the Short whose successours enjoy all Brisgow to this very day The Armes of Schawben were Argent 3 Leopards Sable 7. BAVARIA BAVARIA is bounded on the East with Austria on the West with the river Leck or Lycus which parts it from Schawben on the North with Northgoia or the Vpper Palatinate and on the South with the Earldome of Tirol and Carinthia It containeth the whole Province of Rhaetia Secunda and so much of Noricum Mediterraneum as now makes up the Bishoprick of Saltsburg and by a distinct name was called Vindelicia as being the ancient habitation of the Vindelici so named from the two Rivers of Vindis and Lycus now the Werd and the Leck upon which they lived According whereunto it is thus versified by a German Poet. Respicit late fluvios Vindimque Lycumque Miscentes undas nomina Littoris unde Antiquam Gentem populumque Urbemque vocarunt Vindelicam In English thus Vindis and Lycus floods of noted Fame He next beholds mingling their streames and name To which the old Vindelici doe own The name both of their Nation and their Town Meaning by their Town as I conceive Augusta Vindelycorum their Metropolis or Capitall City But after such time as the Boii or Boiarians had driven out the Romans and got possession of this Country the name of Vindelicia and Rhaetia secunda grew into disuse that of Boiaria succeeding in the place thereof mollified or corrupted into Bavaria the present name of the Country amongst the Latines but by the Dutch called Bayeren by the French Bavier The whole divided into three parts the Higher lying towards the Alpes of Tyrol the Lower extending all along the banks of the Danow and the District of Saltzburg situate betwixt the Inn and the Dukedome of Austria all three much over-spread with woods and forrests remainders of the Hercinian forrest described before But more particularly the Higher lying towards the Alpes is cold and barren affording no wines and but little corn the Lower being more fruitfull and better planted for some parts especially about Regensberg and Landshut inferiour unto none in Germany for the richnesse and pleasantnesse of the situation Of the District of Saltzburg we shall speak by it self because by some not reckoned as a part hereof In all great quantity of fenell for the fire and of Timber for building no lesse of Swine fatted in the woods and sent away by numerous herds into other Countries The Christian Faith first preached here amongst the Boiarians by Rupertus Bishop of Wormes driven from his See by Childebert King of the French anno 540. or therabout and here made the first Bishop of Saltzburg corrupted at this time with the Leaven of the Church of Rome to which this Country setting aside the Imperiall Cities is more intirely devoted then any other in Germany Principall Cities in the Higher are 1 Munchen in Latine Monachium the Dukes seat seated on the Isee or Isarus in a very sweet and delightly soil among ponds and groves daintily interlaced with
pretty Riverets and inriched with many excellent Gardens that of the Duke being hardly to be paralleld in all this Continent First founded by Henry Duke hereof in the time of Otho the first anno 972. now grown a large and populous City the publick buildings as Churches Turrets Libraries the Senate-house or Guild-hall and common Market-place of such excellent Structure that they serve not onely for use and Ornament but for Admiration Amongst them none more eminent then the Library in the Ducal Palace wherein is conceived to be 11000 Volumes the most part of them Manuscripts A town made choice of by Maximilian the now Duke of Bavaria to be the receptacle of the spoiles got by him in the wars of Germany here being found at such time as the town was taken by the King of Sweden 140 brasse Peeces besides other great Guns hid under the ground one of the which was charged instead of Powder and Shot with 30000 Crowns in Gold 2 Landsberg upon the Leck or Lycus neer the Alpes of Tirol once of great strength because a Frontire towards Schwaben but proving a dangerous neighbour to the Swedish Garrison planted in these parts during that was against the Duke of Bavaria was by them taken and dismantled and is now an open Village onely 3 Martenwald now a place of note or beauty heretofore the Inutrium of Ptolomy seated near the Alpes 4 Fridberg well fortified by Duke Ludovick or Lewis the second for a bul wark against those of Ausburg In the LOWER Bavaria there first offers it self to consideration the town of 1 Rain seated on the Leck not far from the fall thereof into the Danow memorable for the skirmish neer to it betwixt the Swedes and Bavarians at the first passing of the Swedish forces over that River in which John Earl of Tilly so famous for his long and fortunate conduct received his deaths wound of which he died at Ingolsiad within few weeks after 2. Newburg upon the Danow not far from Rain the first town of Bavaria taken in by the Swedes after the said defeat of Tilly. 3. Ingolstad said to be built by a Tribe or Nation of the Sueves called Angeli and thence called Angelostadium or Anglesiade first made a City by Ludovick of Bavaria Duke and Emperour and in the yeer 1410 made an University much priviledged by Duke Lewis or Ludovick the fift and Pope Pius the second A town so strongly fortified both by Art and Nature that it seemes impregnable and indeed proved so to Gusiavus the late King of Sweden who here found the first check to his prosperous fortunes being forced to raise his siege without endangering it and finde work elsewhere 4 Regensberg in Latine Ratisbona on the Danow also where it receives the River Regen when it hath its name built in the place of Tiberina or Augusta Tiberii so called of a Colonie brought hither by Tiberius Caesar about the time of our Saviours passion afterwards called Rhaetopolis or the Citie of the Rhaetians the chief of Rhaetia secunda At this time a fair rich and populous Citie beautified with an infinite number of Churches and Religious Houses anciently an Episcopall See and of late made the ordinarie place for the generall diets of the Empire In former times the seat of the Kings and first Dukes of Bavaria then made Imperiall and now mixt or both For being still Imperiall at the least in name it was seised on unexpectedly by the now Duke of Bavaria when the Swedes first got footing within his Dominions held by him with a very strong Garrison after the losse of Munâ—hen his chief place of residence till at last won from him by the Swedes anno 1633. 5 Passow by the modern Latinists Patavia but by some thought to be the Boiodurum of Ptolomie then a Roman Garrison Seated on the Danow where it meeteth with the Inn and the Ils by which divided into three towns Passaw Innstade and Ilstade the whole Compositum being a rich Fair and well-traded Citie A See Episcopall and subject immediately to the Bishop as chief Lord hereof who hath his dwelling in the Castle of Oberhusen adjoining to that part hereof which is called Ilstade A place remarkable for many meetings and consultations of the German Princes especially for that of the year 1552 in which all former quarrels being laid aside the Protestants were first permitted the free Exercise of their Religion by the consent and edict of Charls the fift who had most laboured to suppresse it More in the land is 6 Frising on the swelling of a fine round hill neer the River Ambra which runs beneath it called anciently Fraxinum conceived to be built by some of the Presidents or Lieutenants for the Roman Emperours honoured with an Episcopall See about the year 710. one of the Bishops whereof commonly called Otho Frisengensis was the best Historian of his time 7 Landshut upon the river of Iâ—ar in the richest and most pleasant countrie of all Bavaria a beautifull and well-built Citie the work of Lewis Duke hereof in the year 1208. adorned with a Church of most curious building for the service of God and a magnificent Palace for the use of the Duke 8 Freistet the only Imperiall town except Regensburg in all this Dukedom The whole number of Cities and great towns in both Bavaria's is supposed to be 80 that is to say 34 Cities 46 great towns of which these the principall The Bishoprick or District of Saltsburg being the third part of Bayeren or Bavaria according to our former division of it extendeth from the Inn or Oenus towards the confines of Austria The soil hereof rockie drie and barren excepting some few valleys only as seated in the midstst of the Julian Alps the habitation heretofore of the Norici Mediterranei of whom more hereafter The principall town hereof is Saltzburg seated upon the river Saltzach whence it had the name raised out of the ruines of Juvania placed hereabouts by Antoninus the station of a cohort of Roman Souldiers belonging to the first Legion An Alpine citie strongly situate amongst the Mountains but no lesse beautifull then many of the lower grounds The Royall seat of some of the Bavarian Kings after of the Archbishops hereof the most powerfull Prelates for Revenue and jurisdiction of any in Germanie the See first fixed here by Rupertus or Rutbertus the first Apostle of these parts spoken of before whose image or impresse is stamped to this day on the coins of this Bishoprick At the time when Luther first endeavoured a Reformation Cardinall Matthaeus Langius was Bishop here who did ingenuously confesse that the Masse did not want its faults that the Court of Rome were much corrupted and the lives of Priests and Friers fit to be reformed Sed quod misellus Monachus omnia reformet id non esse tolerabile but that such a sorrie fellow as Luther should attempt the work that by no means to be indured 2 Newkirch on the same River near the
habitation of the Taurisci part of the Norici from whom it took the name of Steirmark the Germans calling that a Steir which the Latines call Tauriscus or a little Bullock By which account Steir-mark is nothing but the borders or Marches of the Taurisci the utmost bounds of their possessions as indeed it was laid to Pannonia in the distribution of the Roman Provinces it was called Valeria in honor of Valeria the daughter of Diocletian But once dismembred from the Empire it fell upon the name of Steir-mark with reference to the Taurisci spoken of before First made an Earldom in the person of one Ottocarus advanced unto that honour by the Emperor Conrade the second Leopold the fourth from this Ottocarus two other Ottocars intervening was made Marquesse of Stier-mark and his sonne Ottocar the fourth was made Duke by the Emperour Frederick Earbarossa But being without hope of issue and infected with the uncurable disease of the Leprosie he sold this Countrey to Leopold the fift of Austria bought with some part of that vast summe of money which he extorted for the ransome of King Richard the first continued ever since in the possession of this potent Family but so that it hath many times beene assigned over for the portion of the younger brethrens as namely to Leopold the ninth of that name one of the younger sonnes of Albert the short Ernest the youngest sonne of that Leopold and lastly to Charles the youngest sonne of Maximilian the second called Charles of Gratz father of Ferdinand the second successour to Matthias in Austria it self and all the rest of the Estates incorporate with it not like to be so impolitickly dismembred from the chiefe of the house as in former times 2 CARINTHIA by the Dutch called Karnten is bounded on the East with Steir-mark and the River Levandt on the West with the District of Saltzburg and the River Saltzach on the North with Austria it selfe and on the South with Carniola and the River Dravus which having its originall in the skirrs hereof passeth through these Austrian Provinces into Hungary and falls at last into the Danow The Countrey being situate in in the worst part of the Alpes is generally poore and barren except onely in minerals extending all along the Dravus for the length of 100 English miles and 47 in breadth betwixt that River and the Mur by the which it is bounded Places of principall note in it are 1. St. Veit or Sancti Viti the chief town of the Countrey situate at the meeting of the Glan and the Wunics two small Rivers adorned with a spacious market place and a beautifull Conduit 2 Vittach seated on the Dravus in a pleasant valley encompassed about with rocks the houses hereof adorned on the outside with painted stories very delightfull to behold 3 Gurch a small Town but an Episcopall See 4 Clagnfoot on the Lake called Werd-Zee a well fenced place called antiently by the name of Claudia 5. Wolsperg upon the Lavandt so neer to Steir-mark that it is by some reckoned for a Town thereof 6 Lavamundt on the same border an Episcopall See situate at the influx of that River into the Dravus 7 Freisach a town of much antiquity seated on the Oleza 8 Spittall c. The strange and observable ceremonies with which the Archdukes of Austria are acknowledged Dukes of Carinthia take here out of Munster In the meadowes adjoining to the Town of S. Veit a certain countrey-man to whom that office of inheritance belongeth sitteth on a Marble stone there being holding in his right hand a cow with a black calf and in his left hand a mare as lean as a rake Then cometh the new Duke attired in a plain rustick habit his Courtiers attending him in their richest apparell at whose approach the Country-man above mentioned demandeth What hee is that so majestically cometh thitherward and the people answer that it is the future Duke Hee againe asketh whether heâ— be a just Judge and one that will maintaine the liberty of the countrey and sincerity of the Religion the people answer he will then he asketh by what right he will displace him of his marble seat to whom the Steward of the new Dukes house replyeth hee shall give thee 60 pence in silver the cattell now standing by thee the cloathes which he hath at this time on and thy house shall ever be free from taxe and tribute This fellow upon this taking the Duke by the hand and bidding him to be a good Prince giveth him a gentle cuffe on the eare setting him on the marble stone and taking away the cattell departeth This done the new Duke goeth to Saint Vites Church and having done his devotions putteth off his rustick weedes and dresseth himself in clothes befitting a Prince for such after their ceremonies he is acknowledged 4. CARNIOLA by the Dutch called Krain is environed with Sclavonia East Friulo West Carinthia North and Istâ—ia South The chief Towns are 1 Newmarckt 2 Esling 3 Marsperg Pogonocke and 5 Saxenfelt all upon the Savus which arising in this Countrey runneth through the very middle of it and after falleth into the Danow 6 Laibach seated on a small River of the same name by Ptolemie called Pamportum but by Pliny Nauportus famous in old Mythologie for the transport of the ship called Argo wherein Jason and his Comrades brought the Golden Fleece who coming out of Pontus on the Euxine Sea took their course up the Danow so into the Savus then into this town hence carryed over land into the Adriatick from thence sayling into Greece where they first began the undertaking 7 Goritz called antiently Noreja or seated in the place where Noreja stood is situate on the River Lisontio an Italian water which not far off falleth into the Adriatick A town of so much note that antiently it was an Earldome and in the division of the Estate of Meinard Earl of Tirol to whom it formerly belonged it was given to Albert his second sonne with the style and title of Earl of Goritz continuing in his house till the yeare 1500 when on the death of Leonard the last Earle hereof it descended upon Maximilian the first as next heire unto it The first Inhabitants of both these Provinces of Kruin and Karnten were the Carni of Pliny and other Antients who make them part of Venetia the tenth Region of Italy but afterwards in the distribution of the Roman Provinces cast into Noricum and made a member of the Diocese of the Western Illyricum but subject or subordinate rather to the Praefectus Praetorio of Italy From them not onely the Alpes adjoining had the name of Carnicae but these two Countries had the names by which now they goe United of long time in the persons of the Dukes of Karnten of whom the first mentioned upon good record was Henry sonne to Berchthold a Noble man of Bavaria in the time of the Emperour Otho the third by whom advanced unto this honour and estate disposed
of in succeeding times at the will of the Emperours and given from one family unto another as their fancies served them Not fixed in any house till it came to Henry the sonne of Engelbert President or Prefect of Histria in which family it continued under this Henry and his brother Englebert Vlric the first Henry the second Herman and Vlrick the second the last Prince hereof who being old and without children sold his estate herein to Ostocar King of Bohemia and Duke of Austria by whom these Countries were surrendred unto Rodolphus of Habspurg on the conclusion of the peace which was made between them And though Rodolphus gave Carinthia to Mainard Earl of Tirol in right of whose daughter Elizabeth Albert the sonne of Rodolph was possessed of Austria on the death of Henry the sonne of Mainard without issue male it fell according to the contract unto Albert the Short eldest sonne of Albert and Grandchild of Rodolphus continuing ever since in that family though not alwayes in the chief house of the Dukes of Austria TIROLIS is bounded on the East with Friuly and Marca Trevigiana on the West with the Grisons and some part of Switzerland on the North with Bavaria and the South with Lombardie Extended over the greatest part of the Alpes Rhaeticae and some part of the Juliae yet intermixt with many rich and fruitfull valleys those specially which lye on the bankes of the Inn and the River of Adise Nor are the hils so void of profit unto the Inhabitants but that they afford good store of metals digged out of them especially of Brasse and Silver which last have yeelded to the Archduke 230000 Crowns yearly Towns of most note 1 Oenipus or Inspruch seated on the Inn or Oenus which gave denomination to the second branch of the house of Austria descended from Ferdinand the second sonne of the Emperour Ferdinand the house of Gratz issuing from Charles the third sonne of that Emperour Most memorable for the hasty flight of Charles the fift upon the news that Duke Maurice whom he had lately made Electour of Saxonie was coming against him with his Forces which so terrified him that he fled away by torch-light with some few of his followers the residue of his Court most of which were persons of great eminency trudging in the dark on foot with the Black Guard and the Skullerie the Town being many times the Residence of the Dukes of Austria who have here a very Royall and magnificent Palace And to say truth the town deserveth to be so honoured amongst pleasant Meadows spacious cornfields and shady mountaines sweetly seated the houses fairly built of stone enriched by the Courts of Judicature here setled for all the Countrey and provided of a gallant Armorie 2 Trent Tridentum it is called in Latine situate in the confines of Germany and Italy for which cause the Inhabitants speak both languages Built on the bankes of the River Athesis or Adice honoured with an Episcopall See but made more famous by the Councell which was there begun by Pope Paul the third anno 1545. against the Lutherans For 22 yeares together before their meeting dashed by one Pope and intimated by another advanced by Charles the fift upon worldly Policies and for as worldly policies retarded by the Court of Rome for 18 years after this first Convention of it at sundry times assembled suspended and dissolved And finally when fixed here seriously by Pope Pius the fourth anno 1562. managed with so much art and cunning by the Papall partie that nothing was determined among the Prelates but what had formerly been resolved on in the Roman Conclave and certified accordingly by especiall Posts occasioning that most bitter jest of one of the Hungarians Bishops who was present at it that the Holy Ghost was sent unto them in a Cloak-bag from Rome The effects of which Councell so artificially carryed on by the strength of wit I cannot better describe then in the words of the History of it which are as followeth This Councell desired and procured by godly men to re-unite the Church which began to be divided hath so established the Schism and made the parties so obstinate that the discords are irreconcileable And being managed by Princes for Reformation of Ecclesiasticall Discipline hath caused the greatest deformation that ever was since Christianity did begin and hoped for by the Bishops themselves to regain the Episcopall Authority for the most part usurped by the Pope hath made them lose it altogether bringing them into greater servitude On the contrary feared and avoided by the See of Rome as a potent meanes to moderate the exorbitant power thereof mounted from small beginnings by divers degrees to an unlimitted excesse it hath so established and confirmed the same over that part which remained subject unto it that it was never so great nor soundly rooted So far the words of the History The next of note is 3 Falkenstein remarkable for mines of Brasse as 4 Hal upon the Inn for Salt-witches and 5 Schwas for the richer mines of Silver 6. Malk near the head of the River Atâ—esis 7 Pollen upon the borders of Italy by the people whereof called Folgiano and Bolsano 8 Tirol an ancient Castle the first seat of the Earls or Governours hereof and giving name for that reason to the Country adjoyning The Earls hereof were at the first no other then Provinciall Officers when made Proprietaries I am yet to seek The first of whom we have any certainty was Mainard Earl of Tirol and Goritz who dyed in the yeer 1258 leaving his Earldomes to that Mainard who by Rodolfus Habspurgensis was enfeoffed with the Dukedome of Karnten But Henry the sonne of this last Mainard dying without issue male his daughter Margaret by the consent of all her people setled her estate therein on the sonnes of Albert called the Short continuing ever since in the house of Austria though sometimes made the portion and inheritance of the younger Princes By Ferdinand the first it was given in Apennage to his 2 d son Ferdinand surnamed of Inspruch for that reason who by marrying with Philippina a Burgers daughter of Augsburg so displeased his Brethren that to buy his peace of them and enjoy his own content with her it was finally agreed upon amongst them all that Tirol should not descend upon his Children of that venter In pursuance whereof after his decease Tirol fell to the house of Gratz his eldest son Charles being made Marquesse of Burgh and Andrew his youngest Cardinall of Brixia The Armes of these Earls when distinct from the house of Austria were Argent an Eagle Sable membred Or. Those of Carinthia united for a time unto them as before was noted being Argent three Lions Leopards Sable Thus have we seen by what means all these Provinces belonging unto severall Lords became united and incorporated into one estate Besides which there was added to it by Rodolph of Habspurg all the Vpper Elsats the
Eberhard 8 Eberhard II. son of Vlrick 1325 9 Vlrick III. son of Eberhard 1344 10 Eberhard III. son of Vlric 1392 11 Vlric IV. son of Eberhard 12 Eberhard IV. son of Vlric 1417 13 Eberhard V. son of Eberhard the 4. by his marriage with Henrica or Henriette daughter of Henry Earl of Montbelguard added that Earldom to his house 1419 14 Lewis or Ludovick II. son of Eberhard the 5. 1456 15 Eberhard VI. son of Lewis Founder of the Universitie of Tubingen created by Maximilian the 1. the first Duke of Wirtenberg anno 1495. He deceased without issue anno 1496. 1496 16 Eberhard VII son of Vlric the younger brother of Lewis the 2. succeeded on the death of Eberhard his Cousin German 1504 17 Henry the brother of Eberhard the 7. 1519 18 Vlric V. son of Henry the 2. expulsed out of his Dukedom by Charls the 5. for the sack of Reutling an Imperiall Citie and his Estate conferred on Ferdinand of Austria the brother of Charls but after 15 years exile restored to his Dukedom by Philip Lantgrave of Hassia He reformed Religion and liberally endowed the Universitie of Tubingen 1550 19 Christopher the son of Vlric the 5. a follower of his Fathers steps in Reformation of the Church and Advancement of Learning 1568 20 Ludevick or Lewis III. son of Christopher 21 Frederick son of George Earl of Montbelgard the brother of Vlric the 5. made Knight of the Garter by Queen Elizabeth anno 1597. 22 John-Frederick son of Frederick the 1. 23 John-Eberard eldest son of the former Duke anno 1649. The Revenues of this Duke are supposed to be equall unto those of the Electors Palatine spoken of before and were it not for the silver mines in Saxonle little inferiour to those of that Duke But for provisions of war excepting Powder only he is meanly furnished A main defect considering the ill terms he stands in with the Imperiall Cities betwixt whom and the house of Wirtenberg there have been alwayes open wars or secret jealousies His Arms are Or 3 Attires of a Stag born Palie-barrie Sable As for the Marquisate of BADEN lying on the West side of Schwartzenwald betwixt it the Rhene it is for the most part except towards those Wolds a very pleasant and fruitfull Countrie and much of the same nature with the rest of Wirtenberg so called from Baden a neat Town where the Marquesse keeps his seat in Winter so named from the hot Baths there as is also Baden called for distinction sake the Vpper Baden amongst the Switzers in which respect the Citie of Bath in Somersetshire had antiently the name of Caer-Baden also Of these Baths it is supposed that there are in this Citie at the least 300. profitable for many diseases and exulcerate sores drawing a great resort of people from the neighbouring Countries This is the chief Town of this Marquisate from whence the Princes have the Title of Marquesses of Baden The next to this is 2 Durlach or Turlach which gives title to a second branch of this house called sometimes Marquesses of Durlach only but commonly the Marquesses of Baden-Durlach 3 Liebenzel amongst the hils of Schwartzenwald famous for hot medicinall Springs 4 Lichtall remarkable for a Monasterie the buriall place of the first Marquesses 5 Gerspach in the very heart of that Mountainous tract 6 Pfortheim adjoyning to the Wood Hagenscheis a branch of Schwartzenwald 7 Rotelen 8 Badenwile and 9 Sufenburg all seated in the Vpper-Baden being that part hereof which lies next to Brisgow 10 Milberg beautified with a fair Castle the usuall retiring place of these Princes in the heats of Summer This Marquisate being also taken out of the great Dukedom of Schwaben was founded in the person of Herman of Veronae in Italie who deserving well of the Emperour Henry the 5. was by him settled in some Lands about these parts anno 1120. and after marrying with the daughter of an Earl of Baden was by the Emperour Frederick Barbarossa created the first Marquesse of Baden anno 1155. The Estate was after much increased by the addition of the Earldome of Hochberg and the Appendixes thereof in Schwaben into which Christopher the 13. Marquesse hereof succeeded on the death of his Cousin Philip the last Earl of Hochberg both Princes descending originally from two brothers of which the eldest in right of the Lady Judith his wife was Earl of Hochberg the second by the favour of the said Frederick Barbarossa was made Marquesse of Baden They were Masters also of many fair Estates in the Lower Palatinate which the Palatines of the Rhene as was there said are since possessed of Other particulars shall be shewn if occasion be in the ensuing Catalogue of The MARQUESSES of BADEN 1253 1 Herman the first Marquesse 2 Herman II. 3 Herman III. 4 Herman IV. 1281 5 Rodulph son of Herman 4. 1295 6 Herman V. son of Rodolph 7 Rodolph II. son of Herman the 5. 1356 8 Frederick son of Rodolph the 2. 9 Rodolph III. son of Frederick 1372 10 Barnard son of Rodolph 1431 11 James son of Barnard 1453 12 Charls son of James the first of these Marquesses which was possessed of the Countie of Spanheim in the Lower Palatinate descending on this house by Matild wife of Rodolp the 2. 1475 13 Christopher son of Charls who after the death of Philip the last Marquesse of Hochberg succeeded also in that estate 1515 14 Barnard son of Christâ—ph his brother Ernest succeeding in that of Hochberg 15 Christopher II. son of Barnard his elder brother Philibert and Philip son of Philebert dying in the life of Barnard 16 Edward son of Christopher intending the sale of his Estates to pay his debts was forcibly deprived of all by 17 Ernest Marquesse of Hochberg nephew of Ernest above mentioned who by that means not only preserved the Marquisate of Baden but united that of Hochberg again unto it and removed his ordinarie seat to Durlach 18 George brother of Ernest Marquesse of Baden and Hochberg 19 Frederick the son of George born in the year 1594. succeeded his Father in both Estates and if living hath a sonne called also Frederick to enjoy them after him NORTHGOIA OR The UPPER PALATINATE The Countrie of NORTHGOIA so called from the Northern situation of it in regard of Bavaria is sometimes also called the Palatinate of Bavaria because anciently belonging to that Estate but generally Ober Psalts or the Vpper Palatinate to difference it from the Lower It is bounded on the East with Bohemia on the West with Franconia and part of Schwaben on the North with Voiteland and on the South with Bavaria The Countrie for the most part somewhat rough and mountainous rich principally in mines of iron which it yeeldeth in most places and some of silver about Amberg extended from Haimbourg to the edge of Bohemia 80 miles and from the hill Felchtelberg in the edge of Voiteland to Weisenberg near the banks of the Danow 68 miles Observable things
old Towne and the new joined into one by a bridge of 800 paces in length the Countrey round about it very rich and pleasant able to sustain great multitudes for that cause made the ordinary seat of the Dukes of Saxony who have here a strong and stately Castle 2 Naumburg 3 Mersburg two Episcopall Sees 4 Lipsique as famous an University for Thilosophers as Jene is for Physitians It seemeth the Scholars and Citizens will not suffer their Beer to perish of which here is so much drunk and exported that the very custome of it due unto the Duke amounts to 20000 pounds yearly yet is this town of no more then two Churches but wealthy populous and built for the most part of fair free stone honoured with the Courts of Justice for all the Countrey Though seated on the meeting of Pleiss Parde Elster three Rivers which lie almost on all sides of it yet it is not strong having been thrice taken by the Imperialists in lesse then two yeares during the late German wars Sufficiently famous if for nothing else for the great battell fought neere it betwixt the late King of Sweden and the Count of Tilly the honour whereof falling to the Swedes and Saxons with the death of 15000 of both sides and all the losse of all the baggage Armes and Ammunition of the Imperialls treed all these parts of Germany from that civill and spirituall bondage which was intended by the Emperour to be put upon them 5 Mulsberg on the Elb where John Frederick the Electour was discomfited by Charles the fift 6 Meissen on the west side of the same River in a hilly and uneven ground built by the Emperour Henry the first for defence of the Empire against the Sclaves a Bishops See and the first seat of the Marquesses of the Countrey both which together with the Burgrave of the Town had their Palaces or Mansion-houses standing close together on the top of an hill overlooking both the Town and Countrey From this Town the whole Province had the name of Meissen 7 Friberg neere the Mountaines of Bohemia rich in mines of Silver 8 Roclite not far from which are rich Mines of tinne discovered first in these parts by a Cornish-man spoken of before The first Inhabitants hereof were the Hermanduri and Suardones subdued or outed by the Sorabi a great Tribe of the Sclaves surnamed Winithi first conquered by the Emperour Henry the first who built the strong Town of Meissen to keep them under and to impede the neighbouring Sclaves from any incroachments on the Empire Being thus added to the Empire and account of Germany it was a while governed by such Officers as by the Emperours were appointed to guard these Marches the first Proprietarie Marquesse being one Echard sonne of the Earl of Oostland descended from a younger sonne of Witikind the last King of the Saxons by the munificence of Otho the third not made hereditary till the time of Henry the fift who gave it in Fee to Conrade Marquesse of Landsberg and Lusatia whose Nephew Theodorick by his sonne Otho surnamed the Rich marryed Judith daughter of Herman Lantgrave of Duringen by which match Duringen accrewed to the house of Meissen Henry their sonne succeeding in both Estates To this Henry succeeded Albert his sonne and after him successively foure Fredericks the last whereof by the Emperour Sigismund was created Electour and Duke of Saxony in whose posterity these honours and Estates doe as yet continue VOITELAND is bounded on the East with Bohemia on the West with Frankenland on the North with Misnia or Meissen on the South with the Vpper Palatinate So called as some from the Iuites or Vites some of that people who together with the Saxons and Angles conquered Britaine of whom it had the name of Viteland that is to say the land or Countrey of the Vites But being I finde not that the Saxons did spread so far Eastward I rather think that this name was given it by the Sclaves who finding it deserted or but thinly peopled at their coming thither might call it by the name of Voidland from which the Alteration unto Voitland is both plaine and obvious It is the smallest Province of all Germany and never of such repute as to have any particular Prince as most others had but alwayes reckoned as an accessory to some greater Estate Nor hath it any Town or Cities of great estimation the chief of those which are being 1 Olnits 2 Worda 3 Cornah 4 Schneberg neer the mountaines called Studetae by Ptolemie famed for silver mines 5 Gotzberg 6 Culmbach 7 Hoffeâ— not much remarkable but onely for the Princes of it of the house of Brandenburg called formerly Curia Pegniana The antient Inhabitants hereof were parts of the Nertereates and Danduti succeeded to by the French and Sclaves as they severally descended southwards into warmer Countries Possessed and planted by the Sclaves it obtained this name But being a small Nation and a small Estate it never had the honour of a particular Prince but did most probably belong to the Lords of Meissen upon which it bordereth and now in their right to the Dukes of Saxony But so that the Duke of Saxony is not the sole Lord hereof the Marquesses of Ansbach of the house of Brandenbourg possessing the towns of Hoffe and Colmbach and some other parts of it the Patrimony at the present of Christian sonne of Joachim Ernest the late Marquesse of Ansbach who now enjoyeth them with the title of the Marquesse of Colmbach SAXONIE specially so called and sometime for distinction sake OBER SACHSEN or the Vpper Saxonie is bounded on the East with the Marquisate of Brandenbourg on the West with Hassia on the North with the Dukedome of Brunswick on the South with Misnia The air hereof somewhat sharp but healthy the soil in the Southwest parts hilly and uneven chiefly rich in Minerals elsewhere sufficiently fruitfull Divided into four Estates that is to say the Earldome of 1 Mansfield 2 the Principate of Anbalt 3 Bishoprick of Magdeburg and 4 Saxonie it selfe this last onely subject immediately to the Duke the rest acknowledging his superiority have their proper Lords 1 Most Westwards towards Duringen and Hassia lyeth the Earldome of MANSFEILD so called from Mansfeild once the the chief Town of it on the River Wieper The other towns of note in it are 2 Isleben betwixt the Rivers Sala and Wieper supposed to be so called from the Goddesse Isis who after the death of her husband as is said by Tacitus visited these parts now the Metropolis of the Earldome and the seat of Justice for the whole setled here by Earl Voldradus anno 1448. famous to all posterity for the birth and death of Martin Luther born here in the yeer 1483. and here deceasing in the house of the Earl of Mansfield anno 1546. Of whom and the successe of his Reformation as we have spoken much already so we shall speak more as occasion is in the
course of this work 3 Wieper or Wypra so called of the River on which it standeth 4 Quernfurt 5 Rotenburg 6 Alstad 7 Helderung bought of the Earls of Houstein Some who delineate the Pedegree of these Earls of Mansfield fetch it as high as from one of King Arthurs Knights of the Round Table born at Mansfield in Nottinghamshire who setling himself in Germany gave that name to his house a Military Originall and very suitable to such an active and warlike Family But those which doe not soar so high fetch them no further then from Burchard the fift Earl of Quernfort and Burgrave of Magdeburg who following Frederick Barbarossa into the Holy Land deceased at Antioch anno 1189. His Nephew Burchard by a sonne of the same name was the first of this Family that had the title of Earl of Mansfield about the yeer 1250. continued ever since unto his Posterity but under some acknowledgments to the Electors of Saxony Of these the most eminent were Voldradus one of the Councell of Estate to the Emperour Sigismund anno 1411. a great improver of the Patrimony of the Earls hereof 2 John-George Lord Deputy or Lieutenant of Saxony under Duke Augustus 3 Peter-Ernest Governour of Luxembourg under Charles the fift and Philip the second by whom much exercised and employed in their wars with France 4 Albert a constant friend of Luthers and a faithfull follower of John-Frederick the deprived Electour in whose quarrell being outed of his estate he retired to Magdeberg which he most gallantly defended against the Emperour And 5 Ernestus Nephew of that Albert by his son John so famous for the war which he maintained in most parts of Germany against Ferdinand the second in behalf of Frederick Prince Elector Palatine and the States of Bohemia with so great constancy and courage East of the Earldome of Mansfield lyeth the Principate of ANHALT much shaded if not too much overgrown with woods parts of the old Hercinian forrest whence it had the name Hol in Dutch signifying a wood or forrest and the Princes of this house created to this dignity by the stile of Principes Harciniae in Anhalt Chief townes of it are 1 Bernberg the Dynastie and usuall title of this house before they were created Princes of Anhalt 2 Ballenstede part of the antient Patrimony of the first Princes hereof 3 Dessaw the birth-place of some and the buriall-place of others of this Family beautified with a strong Castle built by Prince Albert the second anno 1341. 4 Servest the usuall place of the Princes residence 5 Coeten a well fortified place in vain besieged by the joynt forces of the Arch-bishop of Magdeburg and the Earl of Schwartzenwold We went as high as the Round Table for the Earls of Mansfield but we must goe as high as the Ark for the Princes of Anhalt some fetching them from Askenaz the son of Gomer and nephew of Japhet from whom and no other this Aseanian Family for by that name it is called are to fetch their Pedegree But to content our selves with more sober thoughts certain it is that this Family is of the old Saxon race setled in these parts by Theodorik King of Mets or Austrasia who gave the Towns of Ascandt and Ballenstede with the lands adjoyning to one Bernwald or Bernthobald a noble Saxon anno 524. From which town and Castle of Ascandt afterwards rased to the ground by Pepin King of the French anno 747. most probable it is that they took their name From this Bernwald or Bernthobald by a long line of Princes descended Albert the seventh of Anhalt surnamed Vrsus created Marquesse of Brandenburg by the Emperour Frederick Barbarossa anno 1152. the Father of that Barnard who by the Munificence and bounty of the same Emperour was created Duke of Saxony in the roome of Duke Henry surnamed the Lion anno 1180. becoming so the Stemme of the two greatest Princes in all the Empire Henry the second son of this Barnard was by the same Emperour not long after made Prince of Anhalt the first of all this ancient and illustrious Family which had been honoured with that title continuing in his race to this very day the two Electorates of Saxony and Brandenbourg being mean while translated unto other Families The most considerable of which Princes though all men of Eminence were 1 Rodolph Generall of the forces of the Emperour Maximilian the first against the Venetians whom he twice overcame in battell 2 George the Divine a great Reformer of the Church by his diligent preaching whose Sermons and other Tractates learned for the times he lived in are still extant 3 Christian born in the yeer 1568. Commander of the Forces of Frederick Prince Elector Palatine in the wars of Bohemia North of the Principality of Anhalt lyeth the Bishoprick of MAGDEBVRG so called of Magdeburg the chief City by some called Meydburg and Meydenburg whence by a Greek name Parthenopolis and Virginopolis by a mungrell word made of Greek and Latine A City seated on the Elb divided into three parts but all strongly fortified begirt with high walls deep ditches and almost unconquerable Bulwarks yet very beautifull withall before the last desolation of it of elegant buildings fair streets and magnificent Temples Built in the form of a Crescent by the Emperour Otho the first the founder of it who having translated hither the Archiepiscopall See for the greater honour of the place built the Cathedrall of Saint Maurice where his wife lies buried anno 948. testified by the inscription to be daughter of Edmund King of England A town which hath long flourished in a great deal of glory and tasted of as much affliction as any other in Germany For refusing to receive the Interim it was out-lawed by the Emperour Charles the fifth and given to him that could first take it It was first hereupon attempted by the Duke of Meglenberg but he was in a Camisado taken Prisoner his Army routed his Nobles made captive and 260 horse brought into the City Next it was besieged by Duke Maurice of Saxonie who on honourable termes was after a long siege received into it anno 1550. when it had stood on his own guard the space of three yeers Which long opposition of one town taught the German Princes what constancy could doe it held up the coals of Rebellion in Germany and indeed proved to be the fire which burned the Emperours Trophies For here Duke Maurice coming acquainted with Baron Hedeck hatched that confederacy by which not long after this great Emperour was driven out of Germany At last it yeilded to Duke Maurice under the protection of whose successours it hath since enjoyed a long course of felicity till the yeer 1631 in which most miserably burnt and sacked by the Earl of Tilly of whom it is observed that after that fact he never prospered being shortly after totally routed at the battell of Leipsick and wounded to the death not long after that neer the River
Title Brunswick Lunenburg 1195 2 Henry first Earl after Duke of Brunswick 1213 3 Otho sonne of William Duke of Lunenburg after the death of Henry Duke of Brunswick also 1252 4 Albert sonne of Otho 1279 5 Albert II. sonne of Albert. 1318 6 Otho II. sonne of Albert the second 1334 7 Magnus sonne of Albert II. on the failing of the other house enjoyed both Estates 1368 8 Magnus II. son of Magnus the first 1373 9 Henry II. sonne of Magnus the second 1416 10 William son of Henry 1482 11 William II. son of William 1503 12 Henry II. son of Will the second 1514 13 Henry III. son of Henry the second 1568 14 Julius son of Henry the third 1589 15 Henry IV. son of Julius who married the Lady Elizabeth sister to Anne Queen of England 16 Frederick Vlric son of Flizabeth of Danemark and Henry Julius 1634 17 Augustus son of Henry Duke of Lunenbourg succeeded on the death of Fredenick Vlrick and the failer of the house of Brunswick in him in this Dukedome 1195 2 William first Earl after Duke of Lunenburg 1252 4 John sonne of Otho 1261 5 Otho II. sonne of John 1330 6 Otho III. sonne of Otho the second 10 Barnard brother of Magnus the second 1434 11 Frederick II. son of Barnard 1478 12 Otho III. son of Frederick 1514 13 Henry III. son of Otho the third 1532 14 Otho IV. son of Henry the third 15 Ernest the brother of Otho succeeded in his brothers life time surrendring his Estate for an Annuall pension 1546 16 Henry IV. son of Ernest 1590 17 Ernest II. son of Henry the fourth 18 Wolfâ—angus the brother of Henry the fourth and Uncle of 〈◊〉 the second now Duke of Lunenbourg anno 1648. The Armes of these Dukedomes were first the same that is to say Gules two Lyons Or Armed Azure which Arms they tooke by reason of their extraction from the Kings of England then Dukes of Normandie retained to this day by the Dukes of Brunâ—wick without any Addition But those of Lunenbourg have added three Coates more unto it the whole bearing being quarterly 1 Gules two Lyons Or Armed Azure 2 Azure Seme of Hearts Gules a Lyon Azure Armed and Crowned Or 3 Azure a Lyon Argent Crowned Gules and 4 Gules within a Border Componie Or and Azure a Lyon of the second Armed of the third HASSIA HASSIA is bounded on the North with Brunswick on the South with Veteravia or the State of Wideraw on the East with Saxonie on the West with Westphalia So called from the Hessi who having vanquished the Chatti the old Inhabitants of this Countrey possessed themselves of it The Christian faith was first preached here by Boniface or Winifred an English Saxon afterwards Archbishop of Mentz anno 730 or thereabouts Of whom I find this memorable Apophthegm that in old times there were Golden Prelates and wooden Chalices but in his time wooden Prelates and Golden Chalâ—ces Not much unlike to which I have read another but of later date viz. that once the Christians had blinde Churches and lightsome hearts but now they have lightsome Churches and blinde hearts The Countrey is very fruitfull of corn and affordeth good 〈◊〉 for the feeding of Cattell of which they have great droves and heards in many places with great abundance of Stags and other Deer for the pleasures of hunting harboured in the woods hereof with which in many parts of it it is very much shaded It breedeth also on the Downes good store of sheep enriched with the finest fleece of any in Germany the Staple commodity of this Country and in the mountainous parts hereof there want not rich Mines of brasse lead and other metals which yeild great profit to the people Chief towns herein are 1 Allendorf on the VVeser or Visnegis of much esteeme for the springs or fountaines of Salt which are thereabouts 2 Frislar upon the Eder well walled and situate in a fruitfull and pleasant soil belonging to the Archbishop and Elector of Mentz but in regard of the convenient situation of it much aimed at many times attempted and sometimes forcibly possessed both by the Lantgraves of Hassia and Dukes of Saxony 3 Fuld on a River of that name remarkable for the Monastery there founded by Boniface Archbishop of Mentz by the name of Saint Saviours the Abbot which is a Prince of the Empire Chancellour of the Emperesse and Lord of a goodly territory in this Country called from hence Stift Fuld 4 Frankenberg on the Eder also so called from the French who incamped there in their wars against the Saxons first founded by Theodorick the French King anno 520. but much enlarged by Charles the Great about the yeer 804. 5 Eschewege on the brow of an hill neer the River VVert of great trading for the woad of which the fields adjoyning yeild a rich increase Being destroyed by the Hungarians it was re-edified and enlarged by the Emperour Henry the second and having suffered much misery in the long war between Adolph Archbishop of Mentz and the Lantgraves of Hassia it fell at last into the possession of the Lantgrave anno 1387. 6 Melsingen on the River Fuld 7 Darmsiad lately if not at the present the seat and inheritance of Count Ludovick of the younger house of the Lantgraves taken Prisoner by Count Mansfield anno 1622. and his whole Country exposed unto spoil and rapine because besides many other ill offices he was the chief perswader of the Princes of the Vnion to disband their forces provided for defence of themselves and the Palatinate and to reconcile themselves to the Emperour 8 Marpurg the seat of the second house of the Lantgraves descending from that Philip who was Lantgrave in the time of Charles the fift whom he so valiantly withstood pleasantly seated on the Lon amongst Viny downes and shady Mountains honoured with an University founded here by Lewis Bishop of Munster anno 1426. and beautified with a magnificent Castle the ordinary dwelling of those Princes situate on an high hill somewhat out of the Town which gives it a very gallant prospect over the Town and Country 9 Geisen a Town belonging to the Lantgraves of Cassels and a small University also 10 Dietz upon the River Lon belonging also to the house of Cassels 11 Cassels the chief town and ordinary residence of the Lantgraves of the elder house who are hence sometimes called the Lantgraves of Cassels commodiously seated in a pleasant and fruitfull soil and well fortified with strong earthen walls and deep ditches but the houses in it of no great beauty being composed for the most part of wood thatch and clay Within the limits of this Province is the County of WALDECK not subject to the Lantgraves of Hassia though included within the limits of it before laid down taking up the Western parts thereof where it meets with Westphalia in figure very neer a square each side of which is of the length of six ordinary Dutch or 24 English
Marius As for the Earls of Oldenburg they derive themselves from Walpert one of the Nephews of Witikindus the last King and first Duke of the Saxons who having built a strong Castle on the borders of Bremen in honour of his wife Alteburg whom hedearly loved called it Alteburgum so called by the Latinists to this day by the Germans Oldenborch about the year 850. But his male issue failing in Frederick the 7. Earl it came to one Elimar the son of Haio a Noble man of the Frisian bloud who had married Richsa the daughter of John the fift Earl of this Familie From him in a direct line descended Christian or Christiern eldest son of Theodorick who being fortunately advanced to the Crown of Danemark anno 1448. lest his estate in this Earldome but reserving the title according to the fashion of Germanie to his brother Gerrard the better to take him off from his pretentions to the Dukedom of Sleswick and the Earldom of Holst in which he did pretend a share The Patrimonie of it much improved by the addition of the Countries of Rustingen Oystingen and Wanger land all lying on the German Sea bequeathed by the last will and testament of the Lady Marie Countesse of Jevere in East Friseland to John Earl of Oldenburg the third from Gerrard The Succession of these Earls in regard the Royall line of Danemark and by consequence of Great Britain is descended from them I have here subjoined in this ensuing Catalogue of The EARLS of OLDENBOVRG 850 1 Walpert of the race of Witikind the first Earl of Oldenburg 856 2 Theodorick the son of Walpert 3 Theodorick II. son of Theodorick the 1. 4 Otho son of Theodorick the 2. 5 John the son of Otho accompanied the Emperour Henry the 2. in his wars against the Greeks and Saracens anno 1007. 6 Huno surnamed the Glorious son of John 7 Frederick son of Huno fortunate in his wars against the Frisians the last of the male line of this house 8 Elimarus the son of Haio a Noble man of the Frisian bloud and of Richsa his wife the daughter of John the fift Earl 1120 9 Elimarus II. the son of Elimar the 1. 10 Christianus son of Elimar the 2. surnamed the Couragious or the Warlike a professed enemy of Henry the Lyon Duke of Saxonie from whom he tooke the Citie of Breme 11 Maurice the son of Christian an associate of Arnulph Earl of Holstein in his wars with Danemark 12 Christian II. son of Maurice 13 John II. son of Christian the 2. 14 John III. son of John the 2. 15 Courade the son of John the 3. 16 Christian III. son of Conrade a student in Colen where initiated into holy Orders which he relinquished much against the will of his brother Maurice on the death of his Father 17 Theodorick son of Christian the 3. the first Farl of Delmenhorst of this line which fell to him by the death of Nicholas Archbishop of Breme descended from a younger son of John the 2. 1440 18 Christian IV. son of Theodorick and of Heduigis sister and heir of Gerrard and Adolphus Dukes of Sleswick and Earls of Holstein elected on the commendation of his Uncle Adolphus to the Crown of Danemark anno 1448. 1448 19 Gerrard the brother of Christian the 4. a Prince of an unquiet spirit alwayes in wars and alwayes worsted he lost the Town of Delmenhorst to the Bishop of Munster 1500 20 John IV. son of Gerrard repaired the ruines of his Estate and setled the distractions of it in the time of his Father being then in exile and after very much enlarged it by the reduction of Butiada 1526 21 Antonie the son of John the 4. by a sudden surprise recovered Dâ—lmenhorst from the Bishop of Munster anno 1547. which he strongly fortified 1573 22 John V. son of Antonie enlarged this Earldome with the Provinces of Fustingen Oystingen and Wangerland bequeathed to him by the last will of the Countene of Jevere in East Friseland 23 Anthome II. brother of John the 5. in whose life time he was Earl of Delmenhorst and after his death of Oldenburg also still living anno 1649. for ought I can learn unto the contrary And thus we see the present estate of Germanie distracted and divided amongst many Princes Prelates and Incorporate Towns the chief of which are herein mentioned and described But besides these there are many others of lesse note and smaller Territories which yet are absolute and free insomuch that in one dayes riding a Traveller may twice or thrice meet with divers lawes and divers coins every free Prince and free Citie whose laws the Emperours are sworn to keep inviolable having power to make what lawes and coin what money they will And hence in the censure of Kingdoms the King of Spain is said to be Rex hominum because of his Subjects reasonable obedience the King of France Rex Asinorum because of their infinite taxes and impositions the King of England Rex Diabolorum because of his Subjects often insurrections against and depositions of their Princes but the Emperour of Germanie is called Rex Regum because there is such a number of Reguli or Free Princes which live under his command or rather at their owne command for they do even what they list as the Emperour Maximilian the first well noted And to say truth the publick Government hereof is nothing lesse then Monarchicall the Emperour being accompted amongst the Princes but as the chief Officer of the Empire not reckoned of by Bodin and others of our great Statists and Civilians as an absolute Monarch such as the Kings of England France and Spain are confessed to be For the priviledges of the Free Cities being made perpetuall the great Estates hereditarie and the Empire eligible the Emperours were brought at last to such low condition as to be made accomptable to the States of the Empire who if they be perswaded in their consciences or but think they be so that he is likely by his mal-administration to destroy the Empire or that he will not hearkâ—n unto good advise ab Electorum Collegio Caesarea majesâ—aâ—â— privari potest as my Author hath it he may be deprived by the Electors and a more sit and able man chosen into the place and that too as the Emperour Jodocus Barbatus hath declared in one of his Constitutions anno 1410 sine infidelitatis vel Rebelliâ—nis crimine without incurring the crimes of treason or disloyaltie So that the supreme power and majestie of the Empire seems to reside especially and contractedly in the Electorall Colledge diffusedly in the Imperial Diets by way of execution in the Chamber of Spires and other the supreme Courts of the severall Circles But that which makes that 〈◊〉 which they call the Empire is the Assembly of the Prelates Princes and Commissioners of the Free Cities in their Diets or Parliaments the Emperour presiding in them whom he that saw adorned in his roall Râ—bes with the
Baltick Sea wherewith it it is almost incompassed beautified with the fair Castle of Hansburg begun by John the eldest son of king Christiern the first then Duke of Holst but finished by Frederick the second King of Denmark 4 Londenberg in the Peninsula called Elderstedâ— over against De Sorants an Island of the German Ocean 5 Sternberg the ordinary residence of the Governor for the King of Denmark 6 Gottorp a strong Fort or Castle of the Duke of Sleswicks at the end of a large Bay or Inlet of the Baltick also remarkable for the Toll-booth or custom-house there erected at which there is Toll paid one yeare with another for 50000 Oxen sent out of North-Juitland into Germâ—nie 7 Sleswick originally by the Danes called Heydebui built as they say by Hethe a Queen of that Nation but by the Saxons called Sleswick as the town upon the River Slea there running into the Baltick and giving to the Towne a fair and commodious Haven This of long time hath been accounted the chief Town of this Province honoured with an Episcopall See and being made the head of the Dukedome so giving name unto the whole A Dukedome first erected by King Henry of Denmark who gave it to Waldemar great Grandchilde of Abel a former King an 1280. to be held by him under the right soveraignty of the Kings thereof But the male-issue failing it returned to the Crown and was by Margaret Queen of Denmark conferrred on Gerrard Earl of Holstein as before was said anno 1386. Repenting afterwards of that Act shee extorted it out of the hands of the Widow of Gerrard again recovered by the valour and good fortune of his sonne Adolphus After whose death it fell together with Holstein upon Christiern of Oldenburg King of Danemark as before related by whom incorporated with that Crown never since aliened but assigned sometimes in portion for the younger Princes the Patrimony at this time of the sonnes of Alexander surnamed of Sunderburg the place of his Nativity son of John one of the younger sonnes of King Christiern the third NORTH-IVITLAND the most Northern part of all the Chersonese hath on the South the Dukedome of Sleswick but on all other parts the Sea Divided commonly according to the number of the Bishopricks into four Dioceses or Districts that is to say 1 The Diocese of RIP or Ripen bordering next to Sleswick and containeth 30 Praefectures or Herets as they use to call them seven Cities or walled Townes and ten Castles The Chief of which are 1 Ripen the Episcopall See situate neer the German Ocean 2 Koldins on a Creek of the Baltick Sea where Dorothy the Dowager of Christiern the third built a publick School one of my Authors cals it an University 2 The Diocese of ARTHVSEN lying on the North of Ripen but more towards the Baltick containeth 31 Herets or Prefectures seven Cities or walled Townes and five Castles The chief whereof are 1 Arthusen the Episcopall See seated on the Baltick enjoying a commodious Port and well frequented the first Bishop hereof being that Coppo who converted this nation Christianitie and Episcoparie going for the most part hand in hand together Schunderburg on the South of Arthusen 3 Kalloe a strong Castle of the Kings seated in the inmost part of a large Bay occasioned by the Promontorie or Cape of Hillenis extending hence two Dutch miles to the high hill of Ellemanberg Opposite whereunto and pertaining to this Jurisdiction lie the Ilands of 1 Samsoe 2 Hiolm 3 Tuen 4 Hiaâ—nce perhaâ—s Gernâ— 5 Hilgenes and others 3 The Diocese of WIBORCH on the north of Arthusen containeth sixteen Herets the Ilands of 1 Jegen 2 Hansholm 3 Ostholm 4 Cifland 5 Egholm and 6 Bodum three Cities or walled Townes and as many Castles the principall of which are 1. Wiborch the Episcopall See an Inland City but situate on a water which â—unneth into the Bay of Limford The ordinary seat of Judicature for both the Juitlands for all Causes as well Criminall or Civill the Court continually sitting from one day to another unlesse perhaps the Judges doe sometimes adjourne it for their own refreshments 4. The Diocese of BVRGLAVE or Vandalia lying furthest north is commonly subdivided into four parts or members that is to say 1. Thyland lying south of the Bay of Limford on the Baltick side whose chief town is 1 â—lborch the ordinary seat and residence of the Bishop of Vandalia from hence many times stiled Alburgensis situate on the Bay aforesaid which opening into the Baltick Sea extendeth thorow the maâ—n land Westwards almost as far as the German Ocean 2 Morsee lying on the Ocean and containing three Prefectures or Herets the town of Nicopen the Castle of Lunstod and the Isle oâ— Agerce 3 Hanheret on the northwest of the Bay of Limford containing four Herets the town of Thysiad where Christiern the third founded a publick School or such another University as that of Kolding the Castle of Orumne and the Ilands of Oland and Oxcholm There is in this part also the high Rock called Skaringelint a noted Sea-mark fitly serving to give notice to the Sayler of the Quicksands which lie underneath it and about this Coast 4 Vensyssell Venfilia or Wenslie that is as Mercator doth expound it Vandalorum sedes the seat of the Vandals taketh up all the rest of the north of Juitland containing six Prefectures the Ilands of Groysholm 2 Hartzholm and 3 Tydsholm three towns and one Castle the most remarkable of which is Schagen with the most northerly point of all this Chersonese In this part is a very high mountain called Mount Alberg in which are found some marks and remainders of the ancient Gyants as the inhabitants believe and report accordingly The Inhabitants of both Juitlands in the time of Ptolemy and before were the Cobandi Chali Phundusii Charudes and in the most northern tracts the Cimbri of whom the four first were but Tribes or Nations These moving towards the South in that great expedition against Spain made by the neighbouring Vandals on the Roman Empire occasioned the Juites and Angli to inlarge or shift their dwellings each taking up the parts which lay nearest to them The Juites or Gutae being a people of Scandia and there placed by Ptolemy took up the nothern parts hereof from them named Juitland the other being a people of the Suevi dwelling on the south of the Elb possessed them of those parts which lay next the Saxons their old friends and confederates their chief town being Sleswick where Angelen now an obscure village once of greater note doth preserve their memory But these uniting with the Saxons in the conquest of Britain and leaving none behind which were fit for action or not enough to keep possession of the Country against new Invaders gave opportunity to the Danes to come in upon them By whom these Countries being conquered as far as to the River Eydore were planted by Colonies of Danes and made a part of that
Paphlagâ—nia by reason of his dangerous and ambitious practises after his death pretending to reform the State came unto Constantinople first made Protector afterwards consort in the Empire with young Alexius Whom having barbarously slain and got the Empire to himselfe he was not long after cruelly torne in pieces in a popular tumult 1185 62 Isaacius Angelus a noble man of Constantinople and of the same Comnenian race designed to death by Andronicus was in a popular election proclaimed his successour deposed by Alexius his own brother and his eyes put out 1195 63 Alexius Angelus deprived his brother and excluded his Nephew from the Empire but it held not long 64 Alexius Angelus II. son of Isaac Angelus who being unjustly thrust out of his Empire by his uncle Alexius had recourse to Philip the Western Emperour whose daughter Mary he had marryed who so prevailed with Pope Innocent the 3. that the armie prepared for the Holy Land was employed to restore him On the approach whereof Alexius the Usurper fled Alexius the young Emperour is seated in his fathers throne and not long after slain by Alexius Dueas In revenge whereof the Latines assault and win Constantinople make themselves Masters of the Empire and divide it amongst them alotting to the Venetians Candie many good towns of Pâ—loponnesus and most of the Islands to Boniface Marquesse of Montferrat the Kingdom of Thessalie to others of the Adventurers other liberall shares and finally to Baldwin Earl of Flanders the main body of the Empire with the title of Emperour EMPEROURS of the LATINES in CONSTANTINOPLE 1200 65 Baldwin Earl of Flanders first Emperour of the Latines reigning in Constantinople taken in fight by John King of Bulgaria coming to aid the Greeks and sent prisoner to Ternova where he was cruelly put to death 1202 66 Henry the brother of Baldwin repulsed the Bulgarians out of Greece and dyed a Conquerour 1215 67 Peter Count of Auxerre in France son in law of Henry cunningly entrapped by Theodorus Angelus a great Prince in Epirus whom he had besieged in Dyrrachium But of an Enemy being perswaded to become his ghest was there murdered by him 1220 68 Robert the son of Peter having seen the miserable usage of his beautifull Emperesse whom a young Burgundian formerly contracted to her had most despitefully mangled cutting off both her nose and ears dyed of hearts grief as he was coming back from Rome whither his melancholy had carried him to consult the Pope in his affairs 1227 69 Baldwin II. son of Robert by a former wife under the protection of John de Brenne the titularie King of Hierusalem succeeded in his fathers throne which having held for the space of 33 years he was forced to leave it the Citie of Constantinople being regained by the Greeks and the poor Prince compelled to sue in vain for succours to the French Venetians and other Princes of the West The EMPIRE restored unto the GREEKS 1260 70 Michael VIII surnamed Palaeologus extracted from the Comnenian Emperours Emperour of the Greeks in the Citie of Nice most fortunately recovered Constantinople the town being taken by a partie of 50 men secretly put into it by some Country labourers under the ruines of a mine Present in person at the Councell of Lyons at the perswasion of the Pope he admitted the Latine Ceremonies into the Churches of Greece for which greatly hated by his subjects and denyed the honour of Christian buriall 1283 71 Andronicus II. vexed with unnaturall wars by his Nephew Andronicus who rebelled against him 1328 72 Andronicus III. first partner with his grandfather afterwards sole Emperour 1541 73 John Palaeologus son of Andronicus the 3. in whose minoritie Contacuzenus his Protectour usurped the Empire and held it sometimes from him and sometimes with him till the year 1357. and then retired unto a Monasterie leaving the Empire unto John during whose reign the Turks first planted themselves in Europe 1484 74 Andronicus IV. the son of Johanmes Palaeologus 1387 75 Emanuel Palaeologus the son of the said John and brother of Andronicus the 4. in whose time Bajazet the sixt King of the Turks did besiege Constantinople but found such notable resistance that he could not force it 1417 76 John II. son of Andronicus the 4. 1420 77 John III. son of Emanuel Palaeologus in person at the Councell of Florence for reconciling of the Churches in hope thereby to get some aid from the Western Christians but it would not be 1444 78 Constantinus Palaeologus the brother of John the 3. In whose time the famous Citie of Constanitinople was taken by Mahomet the Great 1452. the miserable Emperour who had in vain gone from door to door to beg or borrow money to pay his souldiers which the Turks found in great abundance when they took the Citie being lamentably trod to death in the throng Now concerning this Empire of the Greeks we may observe some fatal contrarieties in one and the same name as first that Philip the father of Alexander laid the first foundation of the Macedonian Monarchie and Philip the father of Perseus ruined it Secondly that Baldwin was the first and Baldwin the last Emperour of the Latines in Consiantinople Thirdly that this town was built by a Constantine the son of Helena a Gregory being Patriarch and was lost by a Constantine the son of a Helena a Gregory being Patriarch also And fourthly the Turks have a Prophecie that as it was won by a Mahomet so it shall be lost by a Mahomet So Augusius was the first established Emperour of Rome and Augustulus the last Darius the son of Hystaspes the restorer and Darius the son of Arsamis the overthrower of the Persian Monarchie A like note I shall anon tell you of Hierusalem In the mean time I will present you with a fatall observation of the letter H as I find it thus versed in Albions England Not superstitiously I speak but H this letter still Hath been observed ominous to Englands good or ill First Hercules Hesione and Helen were the cause Of war to Troy Aeneas seed becoming so outlawes Humbor the Hunn with forein arms did first the Brutes invade Helen to Romes imperiall Throne the British Crown conveyd Hengist and Horsus first did plant the Saxons in this Isle Hungar and Hubba first brought Danes that swayed here long while At Harold had the Saxon end at Hardie-Cnute the Dane Henries the first and second did restore the English raign Fourth Henry first for Lancaster did Englands Crown obtain Seventh Henry jarring Lancaster and Yorke unites in peace Henry the eight did happily Romes irreligion cease A strange and ominous letter every mutation in our State being as it were ushered by it What were the Revenues of this Empire since the division of it into the East and West I could never yet learn That they were exceeding great may appear by three circumstances 1 Zonaras reporteth that the Emperour Basilius had in his treasury 200000 talents of gold besides infinite
An. 1514. Well built with large streets and convenient houses according to the model of the Cities of Spain and beautified with a fair Cathedral the Bishop one of the Suffragans of the Archbishop of S. Domingo in Hispaniola The town unwalled but fortified with two strong Castles the one of which secures the Haven and the other the Town In vain attempted and with the loss of 40 or 50 men by Sir Francis Drake An. 1595. but taken two years after by George Earl of Cumberland who had a purpose to have peopled it with an English Colonie Discouraged from it by the death of 400 of his men by change of Ayr and some intemperance of Diet he set sayl for England doing no other hurt to the Town or Iland but the disfurnishing it of 70 piece of Ordnance and some part of their treasure which he brought home with him 2 S. Germans in the Western part of the Iland but four Leagues from the Sea once the chief of the Iland now both unfortified and small 3 Arezibo on the River so called 4 Luysa the most noted Port of the Eastern parts situate on the mouth of the River so named Eastward hereof betwixt it and Hispaniola lies the Iland of Mona might not this think we be so called by Madoc ap Owen Gwinedth of whom before three Leagues in compass rockie and of a brackish earth but fit for the production of Limons Orenges and such kind of fruits which are here in plenty Not far off but more towards the West Monico or Monetta as our English call it where they found such infinite store of Fowl that they flew over their heads as thick as Haâ—l and made them almost deaf with the very noise their Eggs so thick upon the ground that they loaded two Boats with them in three hours and could hardly pass forwards without treading on them But to return to Porto Rico or the Isle of S. Johns it was first touched upon by Columbus in his second voyage An. 1493. but first inhabited by John Ponce of Leon An. 1510. who being courteously entertained by Aiguabana the chief Prince thereof planted a Colonie of Spaniards in the North part of the Iland which he called Caparra The Colonie ten years after that removed to Guanica and from thence to S. Germans carrying with it the repute of the chief town of all the Iland upon every remove till the building of Porto Rico where it since hath fixed The Iland very populous for the bigness of it when the Spaniards came to it but the Natives long ago consumed by several Butcheries and as some write not above 1500 Spaniards in all the Country What else concerns the storie of it we have seen before 4 HISPANIOLA HISPANIOLA lyeth on the West of Porto Rico the distance we have seen already By the Inhabitants called Haitiâ— and by some Quisqueia but by Columbus it was honoured with the name of Hispaniola or little Spain and of late times beginneth to be called S. Domingo from the chief Town of it The form thereof Triangular extended in a sharp Angle called Cabo del Enganno towards Porto Rico the Western end fashioned like a large Bay or Semicircle the Northern point of which is named S. Nicholas the Southern Cabo de Donna Maria. The length affirmed to be 150 Leagues the breadth in some places 60. in some but 30. thence growing less and less till it come unto the Eastern Angle the whole compass estimated at 400. Situate betwixt the 18 20 Degrees of Northern Latitude Of an Air much infested with Morning-heats but cooler in the Afternoon by the constant blowing of a Sea-gale which they there call Virason The Country for the most part beautiful and flourishing the Trees alwayes in their Summer-livery and the Meadows green as if it did enjoy a perpetual Spring In many places swelled with high craggie Mountains whence the name of Hayty that word so signifying in the natural language of the Natives Of such an excellent herbage that the Cattel brought hither out of Spain have increased almost beyond Arithmetick grown wilde for want of proper Owners and hunted unto death like the Stags of the forrest though onely to rob them of their skins The soil so fertile that in the space of sixteen dayes Herbs and Roots will grow ripe be fit to be eaten So plentifully stored with Ginger and Sugar-canes that in the year 1587. there were shipped hence 27500. pound weight of Ginger and 900. Chests of refined Sugar an evident argument of the riches and fertility of it A further proof hereof may be the rich Mines of Gold in which they used to find Gold without mixture of dross or other metals 2 The great increase of Sugar one Cane here filling twenty sometimes thirty measures 3 The wonderful yield of Corn amounting in some places to an hundred fold But the Mines were long ago exhausted insomuch as the Inhabitants are fain to use brass-money but in stead of those of Gold they have found out others of Brass and Iron and some few of Silver but not much searched into of late for want of Workmen The reason of that want to be ascribed unto the Covetousness and Crueltie of the Spanish Nation who out of an unsatiable thirst for Gold consumed the people in their Mines and out of the like thirst for Blood killed so many of them that in few years they destroyed three Millions of the Natives And it is probably supposed that had not Charles the 5. restrained them by a Penal Edict from compelling the Natives against their wils to those works of servitude there had not been one Native left in all this Iland nor in any other part of their Plantations Such as are left are said to be of low stature of black hair and a complexion somewhat inclining to that colour not differing in manners habit or Religion from the Spaniards there Rivers of most note 1 Ozama on whose Banks stands Domingo the chief Town of the Iland capable of the greatest ships to the very Wharf 2 Nigua which passing thorow rich Pastures or making the Pastures rich by its secret vertue runneth towards the West as do also 3 Yaquimo 4 Nizao and 5 Neyba 6 Hayna of a contrary course to the other three 7 Yaqui or Jacho which falleth into the Northern Seas 8 Nicayagua 9 Cocitemuco 10 Xanique These three last famous heretofore for their Sands of Gold Some speak of 30000 Brooks and Rivers which are found in this Countrey two parts of which vast number had their Golden Sands A thing so far beyond the charity of the strongest Faith though reported by a grave and Reverend Author that I know not what Interpretation to put upon it except every Water-course Ditch and Gutter may be reckoned in The whole divided when the Spaniards first came amongst them into several Provinces or Kingdoms as 1 Higuey 2 Jacuaguia 3 Samana in the Eastern parts 4 Yaquimo 5 Boaruco and 6 Xaragua towards the
II. called the Good Duke of Burgundie son and heir of John Duke of Burgundie elder brother of Anthony on the deth of his two Cousin Germans John and Philip succeeded In the Dukedom of Brabant as the direct heir of the Lady Margaret wife of Lewis de Malain and daughter of John the third the last Duke of Brabant of the house of Lovain The Arms hereof are Sable a Lyon Or. 12. HOLLAND 13. ZELAND 14. WESTFRISELAND Having thus spoken of those Provinces which stil continue in subjection to the King of Spain except some few towns in Flanders and Brabant before mentioned let us next look on those which have withdrawn their obedience from him beginning first with Holland and its Appendixes as of more power and consideration then all the rest Which though distinct Provinces and acting in their severall capacities at the present time yet having been alwayes under the command of the same Princes they must be joined together in the Storie of them but shall be severally handled as to the Chorographie HOLLAND so called quasi Holt-land that is to say a woodie country as Ortelius hath it but rather quast Hollow-land from the bogs and marishes and unsound footing on the same hath on the East the Zuider See Vtrecht and some part of Guelderland on the West and North the German Ocean on the South the Islands of Zeland and some part of Brabant The country for the most part lyeth very low in so much that they are fain to fence it with Banks and Ramparts to keep out the Sea and to restrain the Rivers within their bounds so that in many places one may see the Sea far above the Land and yet repulsed with those Banks and is withall so fenny and full of marishes that they are forced to trench it with innumerable dikes and channels to make it firm land and fit for dwelling yet not so firm as to bear either trees or much graine But such is the industry of the people and the trade they drive that having little or no corn of their own growth they do provide themselves elsewhere notonly sufficient for their own spending but wherewith to supply their neighbours having no timber of their own they spend more timber in building ships and fencing their water-courses then any country in the world having no wine they drink more then the people of the country where it groweth naturally and finally having neither Flax nor Wool they make more cloth of both sorts then all the countries in the world except France and England The present inhabitants are generally given to Sea-faring lives so that it is thought that in Holland Zeland and West-Friseland there are 2500. ships of war and burden The women for the most part laborious in making stufles Nay you shall hardly see a child of four years of age that is not kept to work and made to earn its own living to the great commendation of their government The greatest of their natural Commodities is Butter and Cheese of which besides that infinite plenty which they spend in their own houses and amongst their Garrisons they sell as much unto other Countries as comes to 100000 Crowns per annum By which means and by the greatnesse of their fish-trade spoken of before they are grown so wealthy on the land and so powerfull at Sea that as Flanders heretofore was taken for all the Netherlands so now Holland is taken generally for all the Provinces confederated in a league against the Spaniard The whole compasse of it is no more then 180 miles no part thereof being distant from the Sea above three houres journey and yet within that narrow circuit there are contained no fewer then 23 walled Towns and 400 Villages some situate in the North and others in South-Holland as it stands divided In South-Holland being that part hereof which lyeth next to Zeland and the middle channell of the Rhene passing from Vtrecht unto Leiden the principall Towns are 1. Dort in Latine Dordrectum formerly the Staple for Rhenish wines a large rich and well-peopled town anciently joined to the firm land but in the year 142 rent from it by the violence of the Sea and made an Iland of great command upon the traffique of the Maes and the Wael upon whose confluence it stands but of most note for an Assembly of Divines out of divers Countries following Calvins doctrine for condemnation of the Lutheran or Arminian Tenets concerning Universall Grace and Predestination deâ—â—â—nation anno 1618. 2. â—eterdam seated on a dike or channell called the Rotter not farre from which at a 〈◊〉 named 〈◊〉 the Leck one or the three main branches of the Rhene falleth into the Maâ—s among â—air and well traded Port the birth-place of the learned Erasmus 3. Schoon-heven situate on the 〈◊〉 a fair town having a commodious haven 4. Gorichom upon the VVael where it 〈◊〉 with the 〈◊〉 from the Church whereof one may discerne 22 walled townes 5. 〈◊〉 one of the six principall towns of Holland rich and well fortified seated on a Dike called Yssei drawn from the middle channell of Rhâ—ne as is also 6. Over-water and 7. Yssel-stein this last belonging properly to the Prince of Orange the first of great trade for making cables and cords for shipping 8. 〈◊〉 or Lugdunum Batavorum an University founded anno 1564. The town consisteth of 41 Islands to which they passe partly by boats partly by bridges whereof there are 144 and of them 104 builded with stone Here is in this town a castle said to have been built by Hengist the Saxon at his return out of England And not far off stood the famous Nunnerie of Rainsburg of the same nature with those of Mentz and Nivelle before described so liberally endowed that 2000 persons did there dayly receive relief 9. Vianen on the Leck a Seigneurie distinct from Holland pertaining antiently to the Lords of Brederode 10. Delse a town of great trade for cloathing large and well built beautified with spacious streets and goodly Churches the birth-place of that monstrous Heretick David George who called himself King and Christ Immortall He fled with his wife and children anno 1544 to Basil there he set up his Doctrine the points whereof were 1. That the Law and the Gospell were unprofitable for the attaining of Heaven but his Doctrine able to save such as receive it 2. That he was the true Christ and Messas 3. That he had been till that present kept in a place unknown to all the Saints and 4. that he was not to restore the house of Israel by death or tribulation but by love and grave of the Spirit He dyed in the yeare 1556. and three dayes after his Doctrine was by them of Basil condemned his goods confiscate and his bones taken up and burned Hee bound his Disciples to three things 1. to conceal his name 2. not to reveale of what condition hee had been and 3. not to discover the articles of his Doctrine to any