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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91183	The first part of an historical collection of the ancient Parliaments of England, from the yeer of our Lord 673, till the end of King John's reign, anno 1216. Wherein is cleerly demonstrated by histories and records beyond contradiction, that the ancient parliaments, and great councels of England, during all this tract of time, and many yeers after, were constituted, and consisted onely of our kings, princes, dukes, earls, nobles, barons, spiritual and temporal lords, and those we now usually stile the House of Peers; and that both the legislative and judicial power of our parliaments resided onliy [sic] in them; without any knights, citizens, burgesses of Parliament, or Commons House, not knowne, nor heard of, till of punier times then these. Published, to inform the ignorance, and check the insolent usurpations of those few commoners, who now call themselves not only the Commons House, but Parliament of England; and (as much as in them lies) have most unjustly excluded both our King and lords from being any Members, or branches of our late, or future Parliaments. / By William Prynne of Swainswick, Esquire.	Prynne, William, 1600-1669.	1649 (1649)	Wing P3957; Thomason E569_23; ESTC R203232	23,817	33

without male eng●n for ever So Math. Paris informes us b An. 1164 And Antiq. Eccl. Brit. pag. 122. Math. Westminster thus briefly expresseth it Apud Claredonum coram Rege Magnatibus Regni f●cta est recordatio Regnorum Libertatum consuetudinum c Annal pars posterior p 490. Hoveden thus records it Eodem Anno R●x Magno Congregato Concilio omnibus Archiepiscopi● Episcopis Angliae coram illo congregatis retiit c. The Commons for ought appeares were no Members of this Parliament Anno 1165. There was a Parliament held at Nonthampton Castle wherein as William Fitz Stephens and d Titles of Honor. part 2. c. 5 sect 2● p. 705. Mr. Selden out of him Secunda die consul●ntibus Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus Anglir Omnibus Archbishop Becket was accused of Treason and thereupon the King demanded judgement against him All of them accorded that for his contempt in not coming upon the Kings summons and sending no excuse all his goods and moveables should be at the Kings mercy Whereupon there grew a difference between the Bishops and Barons which of them should pronounce the sentence against him the Barons excusing themselves and putting it off to the Bishops and the Bishops putting it off from themselves to the Barons Whereupon the King moved with the controversie about pronouncing the sentence thereupon the contoversie ceased and Henry de Bloyes Bishop of Winchester was at last enjoyned to doe it and pronounced it against his will e Hoveden Annal. pars poster p. 561. to 566 Math. Patis p. 127. Anno 1176. There was Concil generale a Parliament or Generall Assembly of all the Bishops Abbots Priors Earles and Barons of England held at Westminster for the determination of the great contention between Alfonso King of Castile and Sancho King of Navarre touching divers Castles and Territories in Spain submitted to the determination of our King Henry the second who all meeting together their Advocates being fully heard in prasentia nostra EPISCOPORVM COMITVM BARONVM NOSTRORVM King Henry the second habito cum EPISCOPIS COMITIBVS BARONIBVS NOSTRIS cum Del●beratione consilio did accordingly determine it COMITES BARONES Regalis Curiae Angliae ADJVDICAVERVNT Blevariam urrique parti supra dictorum quae in jure petita su rant fieri restitutionem writes Hoveden whose judgement the King ratified by his Charter under the great Seal of England f Hoveden Annal pars posterior p. 556. Anno 1173. Lewis King of France cum Archiepiscopis Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus Regni sui bringing with them our King Henry the 2d. his 3. sons and Henry their Father King of England cum Archiepiscopis Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus terra suae met between Gisort and Trie on the seventh of October and there treated of an accord between the King of England and Henry his son g Hoveden Annal. pars poster p. 544. Anno 1175. King Henry the second and the King his Son went to Yorke where they met William King of Scots and David his brother with almost all the Bishops Abbots and great men of their Kingdomes where the agreement made between the King of Scots and King Henry the Father was read and confirmed before the King his Son Roger Archbishop of Yorke Hugh Bishop of Durham Comitibus Baronibus Angliae coram Episcopis Abbatibus Comitibus Baronibus Regni Scotiae in Ecclesia sancti Petri Eboraci So as the Kings Bishops Abbots Earles and Barons of England and Scotland too without any conjunction or mixture of Knights and Burgesses were the only Parliaments to conclude peace or war or enact Laws in this Kings reign h Hoved. Annal pars poster p. 546. Antiq. Eccles Brit. p. 94 95. The same yeer 1175. King Henry the second Magnum Congregavit Concilium apud Windeshores in octavis S. Michaelis praesentibus Rege filio Richardo Cant. Archie●isc Episcopis Angliae coram Laurentio Dublinensi Archiepisc prasentibus etiam Comitibus Baronib●s Angliae In which Councel the Catholike Archbishop of Tuaman and Cantoris Abbot of S. Brandon and Master Laurence Chancellor of Roderic King of Conact made a finall concord with King Henry the Father on the behalf of Roderit King of Conact recorded at large by Hoveden At this great Parliament upon this occasion we read of none but the King Archbishops Bishops Earles and Barons of England to be p●esent not any one Knight of a Shire or Burgesse i H●v●den Ann● pars post p. ●4● Anno 1176. King Henry the second held a Parliament or Concil●um mog●um at Notting●am de S●●tutis Reg●i sui coram R●g●filio suo coram Archiepiscopo Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus Regni sui Communi omnium Concilio d●v●sit Regnum suum in s●x part●s per quarum singulas tres justiciarios itinerantes const●tuii After which he records the Justices names and the Counties allotted to each of their divisions by which testimony it is most evident that the King and the Spirituall and Temporall Lords and Barons were the only members of Parliament in this Kings rai●n and did order and make Laws for the whole Kingdome without the Commons of which there is no mention in any Parliament or Councel in this Kings life that I can finde nor in * Annal. pars p●st p. 653. A●●o 1189 when there was a peace concluded between King Henry the second and Philip of Fr●n● thus expressed by Hov●den Convenerunt igitur prae●cti ●ex Franciae R●x A●g●ae Richard●● comes Brittannicorum cum Archiepiscopis Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus suis circa festum Apostolo●um Petri Pauli ad co●oqutum inter Turonem Aras c. k Hove●en Annal. p. 〈◊〉 post p. 5●6 〈…〉 p 94 95. Anno Dom. 1189. King Richard the first after the death of King Henry the second on the third day of S●ptember was crowned at W●stminst●r by B●ldwin Archbishop of C●nterbury divers other Archbishops Bishops Abbots Priors and the EARLS and BARONS of England being assembled together at London and present at it quorum consilio by whose advice he was crowned That same year Philip King of France sent Embassadors to King Ri●hard of England to acquaint him that the King of France in a General Councel at Paris and all his Nobles had sworn upon the holy Evangelists that God willing they would immutably be at Vizels by the end of Easter in their voyage towards the Holy Land desiring that he and his Earls and Barons would do the like meet him there at that time Hinc factum est quod Richardus Rex Angl. Conutes Barones sui qui crucem suscepe●unt in generall Concilo apud Londonias juraverunt tacti● Sacro-sanctis Evangeliis c. to meet them there at the time appointed and both the King of Fr●●● his Embassadors and others on the behalf of the King of England juraverunt in

viventi ingess●●ant 〈…〉 protelantes s●p●lier●●● 〈◊〉 ●ine Regis 〈◊〉 apud War●●● ut s●cut vitam Regis extinxorant it● ●amen ejus extinguer●●● Hi● verò comp●rtum est contra divina● providenti●●● non 〈◊〉 pravu● cor ●●inis ins●●●●abile Quam enim 〈…〉 Deus coelo glori●●è susc●pit memoria 〈…〉 Dominu● ●●jus 〈◊〉 Pr●d●tores ●bnubil●●● 〈◊〉 Ind● Domin●● i●●rum 〈…〉 prov●catus est plus 〈◊〉 irritat●● g●n●i ●●ssi●● 〈◊〉 i●extricabile conferre cogita●●t● Et quod fa●●re paraverat non distulit 〈…〉 multis parlib●● 〈◊〉 Anglia● quasi ●●bes c●eli c. till they had miserably spoiled enslaved and conquered the Kingdom and what particular judgements befell the cheife Authors of his murther you may read in x Anno 978. 979. Matth. Westminster and others God of his infinite mercy now prevent the like Nationall judgement upon us for the like pers●●ious practice and bloodshed cowards ou● King against our publike faith O●ths Covenants and Engagements y Spelman Concil p. 510 513 525 529. Anno Christi 1009. by King Ethelr●d● Edict ●●iversi Auglorum OPTIMATES di● sancto Pentecostes ad locum ab indig●nis Eanham nominatum acciti sunt conveni●e where they debated and decreed many things touching the Reformation of the Church and Gods worship and of the Common wealth which Generall Councel Sir Henry Spelman assures us was no other but a Parliament being summoned by the Kings Writ and determining of State affaires as well as Ecclesiasticall matters Adding that it was the ancient custome of our Kings at the Feast of the Nativity and at Easter to call together Proceres utriusque ordinis the Peers of both Orders Ecclesiasticall and Temporal not the Commons both to adorn their Royall State constlia regn● in●unda to their Parliaments So as the Lords Spiritual and Temporall in those ancient times were the only Parliament and great Councel of the Kingdome without any Knights of Shires or Burgesses of Parliament not known nor heard of in that and former ages for any thing clearly appearing in Histories or Records z Brampton Hist Journall M. S. p. 77 78. Mr. Seldens Titles of Honor part 2. c. 5. p. 634. See William Malmsb. de Gestis Reg. Angl. l. 2. c. 1. pag. 81 82. Anno 1052. Earl Godwin having had a Triall CORAM PROCERIBVS REGNI before the Peers of the Realm touching the death of Alfred under King Hardicnut and flying out of the Realm and afterwards returning in hope of King Edward the Confessors favour he sollicited the Lords to intercede for him to the King when the Parliament sate at London Rex OMNES REGNI MAGNATES ad PARLIAMENTUM tunc fuerunt The King as soon as he saw him called him Traitor and appeached him that he had traiterously slain his Brother Alfred which he denying and putting himself upon the consideration or triall of the Court The King thereupon said Clarissimi DOMINI COMITES ET BARONES t●●rae qui estis homines mei ligii modo hic congregati appellum ●eum responsumque Godwini audistis volo quod inter NOS in ista appellation● rectum judicium d●cernatis debitum justitiam faciatis COMITIBUS verò BARONIBUS super hoc ad invic●m tractantibus after much debate resolved to present the King with as much gold and silver as they could carry between their armes to beg and purchase the pardon which they did quorum consideratione Rex contradicere nolens quicquid JVDICAVERANT per omne ratificaVit A little before this there was another Parliament summoned by the King at * Wil. Malmes De Gest Reg. Angl. l. 2. c. 13. p. 81. Glocester concerning Godwin Quocirca TOTIVS REGNI PROCERES jussi Glocestriam conVenire ut ibi MAGNO CONVENTV res Ventilaretur Venerunt eo etiam Northumbri COMITES tunc famosissimi Sywardus Leofricus OMNISQVE ANGLORVM NOBILITAS onely Earl Godwin and his Sons qui se suspectos scierant sine praesidio armorum Veniendum non arbitrati staid at Burfarston with a strong band of armed men as Malmesbury relates So as in this age the King and his Lords and Barons only made up the Parliament without any Knights or Burgesses and the Lords had the right of Judicature vested in them which discovers Modus tenendi Parliamentum pretended to be compiled in this Kings Reign to be but a forgery These 27 Councels and Parliaments before William the Conquerors Reign besides others which might he added being made up and consisting only of Kings and their Spirituall and Temporall Lords and Nobles and enacting Laws Canons for the Reformation and Government both of Church and State without any Knights Citizens or Burgesses summoned to assist or advise with them or concurrent assents to ratifie what they enacted or ordered To these I shall annex some pregnant Precedents both in and since the Conquerours Reign or Parliaments consisting of the King and his Spirituall and Temporal Lords and making and enacting Lawes and Statutes without the Commons presence or consent some few of them now presuming to arrogate to themselves the sole power and title of the Parliament in England and absolute Legislative power without the King or Lords without and against all precedents in former ages About the year of our Lord 1060 King Edward the Confessor CONSILI O BARONUM suo●m Legem 167. annis sopitam excitavit excitatam reparavit reparatam decoravit decoratam confirmavit confirmata vo●ata est Lex Sancti Regis EDWARDI as the Manuscript Authour of the ancient Chronicle of Litchfield records and * Ad Eadmemerum Notae p. 171. Mr Selden out of him a Hoveden Annal. pars 1. pag. 600. 601. M. ●elde● Ti●●es of Honor. par 2. c. 5. sect 20. p. 701. Notae ad E●dmerum p. 1●1 c. Spelma● Concil p. 619. Anno Dom. 1070. King William the First commonly called the Conquerour Consilio BARONVM SVORVM by the counsell of his Barons in Parliament caused twelve noble and wise Englishmen skilfull in the Lawes to be summoned out of every County that he might hear their Laws and Customs from them who meeting and shewing what their Laws and customs were reduced into writing by Aldred Archbishop of York and Hugh Bishop of London who copied them out with their own hands they were with the ASSENT OF THE SAME BARONS for the most part confirmed in that assembly which was a Parliament at that time b Annal. pars Post p. 600. Hoveden writing de Legib●● Angliae statutis Willi●lmi servans post Conquestum hath this expression Hic intimatur quid Willielmu● Rex Anglorum Cum PRINCIPIBVS SVIS CONSTITVIT post conquisitio●em Angliae And King c Matth. Pa is in Hen. 1. p. 53. Edit Tiguri 1589. Henry the First in his Laws useth this expression Legem Regis Edwardi Vobis red●● cum illis emendationibus quibus Pater meus 〈◊〉 emendaVit CONSILIO BARONVM SVORVM a cleer evidence and proof

Honorem Nostrum diligitis ad Nos apud London die Dominicâ proximè ante Ascentionem Domini Nobiscum tractat●ri de magnis arduis ●●gotiis Nostris communi Regni utilitate Quia super his quae à Rege Franciae per Nuncios nostros suos Nobis mandata sunt undè per Dei Gratiam bonum speramus provenire vestrum expedit habere consitium A●●o●um Magnatum Terrae Nostra● ●uo● ad ●le● illum locum fecimus con●ocari Ves etiam ex parte nostra et vestra 〈◊〉 Priores Conventuales totius Diocaesis citari faciatis ut Concilio praedicto intersint sicut diligunt Nos Communem Regni utilitatem By which it is apparent that the Peers Spiritual and Temporal of the Realm were the onely persons summoned to treat with and advise the King as his great Councel and the other fideles but their assistants not any Burgesses Knights or Commoners elected by the people a Matt. Paris 〈◊〉 p. 21● Ann. 1209. King John requiring Hostages of William de Brause a Nobleman for his sidelity as he had done of others had this answer returned to the Messengers Si ipsum Regem in aliquo offendi paratus sum ero Domino meo sine obsedibus satisfacere secundum judicium Curiae suae Baronum Parium meorum certo mihi assignato die loco So that the Judgment of Parliament then resided in the Peers alone who together with the King and Spirituall Lords made up the Parliament b Matt. Paris p. 225. 230. 231. Anno Dom. 1213 on the 13 day of May King John Pandulph the Popes Legat cum COMITIBUS BARONIBUS assembled at Dover and concluded a form of Peace between the King and the Pope there mentioned at large The same yeer there was a Parliament held at S. Albans there described by Matthew Paris Interfuerunt Concilio apud Sanctum Albanum Galfridus filius Petri Episcopus Winton cum Archiepiscopo Episcopis Magnatibus Regni ubi cunctis pace Regis denunciata ex ejusdem Regis parte firmiter praeceptum est quatenus Leges Henrici avi sui ab omnibus in Regno suo custodirentur omnes Leges iniquae penitus enervarentur c. And the same year on the eighth of September there was a Conference or Parliament assembled at London which he thus expresseth Convenerunt in Civitate Londoniarum apud Sanctum Paulum Stephanus Cantuar. Archiepiscopus cum Episcopis Abbatibus Prioribus Decanis Baronibus Regni Where the Archbishop produced the Charter of King Henry the First of the Liberties of England which he caused to be read beginning thus Henricus Dei gratiâ Rex Angliae c. Sciatis me Dei misericordiâ Communi Concilio Baronium Regni Angliae ejusdem Regni Regem esse coronatum c. Towards the latter end thereof there is this clause Legem Regis Edwardi vobis reddo cum illis emendationibus quibus Pater meus eam emendavit Coneflio Baronum suorum When this Charter had been read Baronibus audientibus intellecta fuisset and understood by the Barons that heard it they exceedingly rejoyced with great joy and all of them swore in the Archbishops presence that when they saw a fit time they would if need were fight for their Liberties even unto death By which passages and Charters it appears most clearly that the Parliaments of England both in King William Rufus King Henry the First and King John's Reigns consisted only of the King and Spirituall and Temporall Lords and Barons without any Knights of Shires Citizens and Burgesses elected by the people and that they were the sole Law-makers in those times Anno 1114. being the fifteenth yeer of King John's Reign this King writes c Titles of Honor part 2. ch 5. p. 710. Mr. Selden summoned A KINDE OF PARLIAMENT to Oxford by this STRANGE WRIT of Summons that for ought that I have seen is without example and seems to point to that distinction of Tenants by Knights service which I call here BARONES MINORES of that time from the MAJORES or such as were properly BARONS The words of it are d Dors Claus 15. Joh. Reg. part 2. Mem. 7. Rex Vicecomiti Oxon salutem Praecipimus tibi quod OMNES MILITES Ballivae tuae qui summoniti fuerunt esse apud Oxoniani ad NOS à die Omnium Sanctorum ad 15 dies venire facias cum Armis suis Corpora verò Baronum sine Armis singulariter Indiscretos Milites de Comitatu tuo illuc venire facies ad Nos ad cundem terminum ad loquendum Nobiscum de negotiis Regni Nostri Teste Meipso apud Witten 11. die Novembris E●dem modo scribitur omnibus Vicecomitibus This President seems to prove that there were Knights of Shires summoned to Parliaments in King Johns reign To which I answer First that it appeares not by any Historie or Record that there was any Parliament held this yeer by King John and Mr. Selden calls it not a Parliament simply but only a kinde of Parliament or something like it being in truth rather a Councel of Warre then a Parliament as the Writ import● it being against the rules and e Cook 4. Instit p 15. Custom●s of Parliaments for men to come armed to it Secondly The Historie of that yeare imports that the King received a great overthrow in France about this time Upon receipt of the tidings whereof he was much dejected and used this Speech to those that stood about him f Math. Paris p. 242. Since the time I subjected my self and my Kingdomes to the Church of Rome alas for grief nothing hath hapned prosperously but all things contrary to me and therefore it is probable that this Summons was only of such Knights and others who g Math. P●●is p 231. M. Sel●ens Titles of Honour p. 71● held by Knights service of him and were bound to assist him in his warres by their Tenures to aid him with their Armes and counsell in this distresse he having done the like before h Math. Paris p. 198 200 201 204. 224. by his Writs and fined those who disserted or refused to assist him in his Warres two or three times over before this yeer there being divers Writs and Presidents of this Nature cited in the late i Exact Collection p. 850. c. discourses about the Commission of Array Thirdly The Writ it self manifests that this was no summons to a Parliament For first omnes Milites in the first clause of the Writ formerly summoned to appear and now again with their Armes seem rather to be Souldiers or Tenants holding by Knights servic● then Knights by order And these are only summoned to appear with their Armes at Oxford but not to consult or advise with the King concerning the affaires of the Kingdome therefore not summoned to a Parliament Secondly The Sheriffe is here to summon the Barons without Armes

any House of Commons not known nor heard of in these elder times though those who now stile themselves the Commons endeavour to cashier both King and Lords from being Members of our Parliaments contrary to our Laws Statutes Oathes and solemn League and Covenant and the practice of all former ages at whose Doors and Barr themselves have waited and stood bare upon all occasions till within these few months as their professed Superiours and the onely Judges in Parliament being but so many Grand-jurie men to present the Kingdomes grievances to their Superiour Tribunall and crave their redresse and censure of them A sufficient refutation of their present usurpation over them But to proceed to the intended Subject without any further Prologue a Mat. West An. 673. p. 236. Edit Londini 1570. Florent Wigorniensis An. 673. An. Dom. 673. Theodor. Archbish of Canterbury assembled a Parliamentary Councel at Hertfort praesentibus EPISCOPIS ANGLIAE AC REGIBUS Easewin and Kentwin MAGNATIBUS UNIVERSIS all the Bishops of England and the Kings and all the Nobles being present but not any Knight● Citizens Burgesses or Commons that we read of b Spelmanni Concil tom 1. p. 189 191. An. 694. there was Magnum Concilium a great Councel or Parliament held at Becanceld in which Withred King of Kent sate President nec non Bertuvaldo reverendissimo Archiepiscopo Brittanniae simulque Tobia Episcopo Roffensis Ecclesiae caeterisque Abbatibus Abbaticis Presbyteris Diatonibus DUCIBUS SATRAPIS in unum glomeratis pariter tractan●es anxiè examinantes de statu Ecclesiarum Dei c. But we finde no Knights nor Burgesses present among them c Ant. Eccles Brit. p 20. An. 710. or neer that yeer there was a Councell held at W●●cester by Pope Constantines advice at the desire of Egwin Bishop of Worcester non Religiosorum modo s●d etiam REGNI PROCERUM but without any Commons d Wil. Mal●esb de Gestis Aug. Pontif l. 1 p. 197. Ant. Eccles Brit. p. 11. Spelman Concil p. 242. 245. An. Dom. 747. in the Councel of Clyff there were present besides the Bishops and many Priests and Ecclesiastical Persons Aethelbaldus King of Mercians cum OMNIBUS REGNI SUI PRINCIPIBUS DUCIBUS but not one Knight or Burgesse mentioned by Historians e Spelman Concil tom 1. p. 291. 293. 300. Magdeburgens ●ent 8 c. c. 9. col 575. An. 787. in the Councel of Colchuth consisting of two Sessions the First coram Alfwold● Northumby●brorum REGE MAGNATIBUS SUIS assidentibus vero Eanbaldo Eberacensi Archiepiscop● c●terisque illius Provincia Episcopi● The second Merciorum coram Offa REGE ibidem SUIS MAGNATIBUS jam assidentibus Ja●berth● Cantuaria Archiepiscop● caterisque suae Provinc●ae Episcopis we meet with none but these Kings their Nobles Archbishops and Bishops present Convenerunt OMNES PRINCIPES REGIONIS TAM ECCLESIASTICI QUAM SECULARES but no Knights nor Burgesses at all In this Councell no other but a a Parliament to which the Kings Archbishops Bishops Abbots Dukes and Earles subscribed their names cap. 12. De Ordinatione honore regum there is this notable Canon against killing and putting Kings to death In necem Regis nemo communicare andeat quia Christus Domini est si quis tali sceleri adhaes●rit si Episcopus est aut ullus ex Sacerdotate gradu ex ipso detruiatur à sancta haereditate dejiciatur sicut Iudas ab Apostolic● gradu dejectus est omnis quisquis tali sacrilegio assenserit aeterno anathematis vinculo interibit Judae traditori sociatus sempiternis cromabitur incendiis ut scriptum est Non solum qui faciunt sed qui consentiunt facientibus judicium Dei non effugiunt Durnamque E●●uchi Asuerum Regem interficere cupientes in patibulum suspensi sunt Animadvertitè quid fecerit David praefecto cum es Dominus dixerit Ego tradam Saul in manus tuas eum invenit dormientem 〈◊〉 hortatus is milite ut occideres eum dixit Absit à me peccatum ut extendammanū meam in Christum Domini Illum autem militem qui post mortem ejus venit ad eum protestans quod ipse occiderat der at Saul capite tru●cavit reputatum est ei ad justitiam ●●●ini ejus post 〈◊〉 Exemplis namque apud not saepe probatum est quod quicunque inter●●cienis Dominorum fuere in spai●● vitam 〈◊〉 atroque jure ●●●●erunt f Spelman Concil p. 310. An. Dom. 793. King Offa held a Councel at Verelam with Archbishop Humbert his Suffragans PRIMATIBUS SUIS UNIVERSIS wherein this King SVORUM MAGNATVM sane acquiescens consilis presently took a painfull and costly journey to Rome g Spelman Concil p. 313 314. An. 794. King Offa after his return from Rome celebrated two Councels the one at Celchyth where were present 9. Kings 15 Bishops and 20. Dukes but no House of Commons The other at Verelam consisting only of Bishops and Nobles Congregato 〈◊〉 Verelamium EPISCOPORVM OPTIMATVM Concilio h Boniface Mogunt Epiff 112. M. Seldons Titles of Honor part 2. c. 5. p. 632. About the yeer 796 Cynewlf King of Westsax held x Councel wherein he writes to Lullus Bishop of Ment● touching matters of Religion and 〈◊〉 EPISCOPIS 〈◊〉 nec 〈◊〉 catervo SATRAP ARVM to wit of his lay Dignities i Spelman Concil p 318. 320. Malmesb. de gestis Regum Angl. l. 1. cap. 4. An. Dom. 800. Kenulf King of Mercians called to the Councell of CloVesha all the BISHOPS of his Kingdome DVGES Abbates CV JVSCVNQVE DIGNITATIS VIROS wherein the King cum EPISCOPIS DVCIBVS omni sub nostri ditione DIGNITATIS GRADV writ a Letter to Pope Leo the 3. about Church affaires therein concluded where there is no mention of any Commons k Spelman Concil p. 328. An. 816. in the Councel of Celichyth Wulfred Archbishop with diVers other Bishops were present so was Coenulf King of Mercia cum suis PRINCIPIBVS DVCIBVS OPTIMATIBVS but not a syllable of his Commons Knights or Burgesses presence l Spelman Concil p. 333. 334. About the year 822. in the Councel of CloVesh● wherein Beornulf King of Mercians sate President Wulfrid Archbishop with the rest of the Bishops and Abbots OMNIVMQVE DIGNITAIVM OPTIMATIBVS ECCLESIASTICARVM scil SECVLARIVM PERSONARVM were present but no Knights of Counties nor Burgesses And An. Dom. 824. there was another Councel held under the same King at the same place Assidentibus EPISCOPIS ABBATIBVS PRINCIPIBVS Merciorum VNIVERSIS but no Commons for ought appears the King Archbishop Bishops and Dukes subscribing their names to the Decrees there made but no Knight nor Burgesse m Ingulphi Hist p. 855. Spelman Concil p. 336. An. 823. There was Concilium Pan-Anglicum a Parliament or Councel of all England celebrated at London praesentibus Egberto REGE West-Saxoniae Wethlusis REGE Merciorum utroque