sixty_o eight_o and_o in_o she_o right_o create_v he_o lord_n powy_n this_o john_n charleton_n lord_n powy_n be_v aid_v and_o support_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n quick_o break_v all_o their_o measure_n and_o have_v take_v lhewelyn_n john_n and_o david_n his_o wife_n uncle_n he_o put_v they_o in_o safe_a custody_n in_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o harlech_n and_o then_o obtain_v a_o writ_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o shropshire_n and_o to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n lord_n of_o chirkland_n and_o justice_n of_o north-wales_n for_o the_o apprehension_n of_o gruffydh_n fychan_n with_o his_o son_n in_o law_n sir_n roger_n chamber_n and_o hugh_n montgomery_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a hostility_n against_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n hawys_n but_o gruffydh_n fychan_n and_o his_o accomplice_n suspect_v their_o own_o strength_n and_o have_v lose_v thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n their_o main_a support_n think_v it_o most_o advisable_a to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n touch_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o hawys_n who_o find_v upon_o record_n how_o that_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ancestor_n to_o the_o say_v hawys_n upon_o his_o submission_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o thereupon_o be_v create_v baron_n of_o powy_n which_o barony_n he_o and_o his_o posterity_n have_v ever_o since_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la from_o the_o king_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o hawys_n have_v more_o right_o to_o her_o father_n possession_n now_o in_o their_o hand_n than_o any_o pretence_n they_o can_v lay_v to_o her_o estate_n but_o to_o make_v a_o final_a determination_n of_o this_o matter_n and_o to_o compose_v the_o difference_n more_o amicable_o betwixt_o they_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o hawys_n shall_v enjoy_v her_o inheritance_n in_o fee-simple_a to_o she_o and_o her_o heir_n for_o ever_o after_o the_o tenure_n of_o england_n and_o that_o her_o uncle_n lhewelyn_n 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william_n clapton_n of_o glocestershire_n by_o who_o he_o have_v four_o daughter_n elizabeth_n ancreda_n isabel_n and_o elinor_n the_o first_o of_o who_o be_v marry_v to_o thomas_n newport_n the_o second_o to_o john_n leighton_n of_o stretton_n the_o three_o to_o john_n lingen_n and_o the_o young_a to_o tho._n mytton_n who_o by_o equal_a distribution_n have_v the_o lordship_n of_o mowdhwy_a divide_v betwixt_o they_o but_o john_n charleton_n lord_n of_o powy_n have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n hawys_n a_o son_n name_v john_n who_o enjoy_v the_o same_o lordship_n for_o about_o seven_o year_n and_o then_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o powy_n fourteen_o year_n and_o than_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o son_n call_v also_o john_n charleton_n who_o enjoy_v his_o father_n estate_n twenty_o seven_o year_n but_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n fall_v to_o his_o brother_n edward_n charleton_n this_o edward_n have_v issue_n by_o 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and_o arust_o but_o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n continue_v in_o the_o family_n of_o sir_n john_n grace_n for_o five_o descent_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n jane_n the_o last_o of_o who_o edward_n grace_n lord_n powy_n marry_v anne_n one_o of_o the_o daughter_n and_o coheir_n of_o charles_n brandon_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n and_o die_v without_o any_o lawful_a issue_n 284._o dugdale_n bar._n engl._n tom._n ii_o p._n 284._o this_o edward_n lord_n powy_n in_o 15_o henry_n viii_o accompany_v the_o duke_n of_o suffolk_n in_o the_o expedition_n then_o make_v into_o france_n and_o be_v at_o the_o take_n of_o bray_n and_o other_o place_n then_o win_v from_o the_o french_a and_o in_o 36_o henry_n viii_o be_v again_o ready_a to_o march_v in_o the_o king_n service_n he_o make_v his_o last_o testament_n whereby_o he_o settle_v the_o succession_n of_o his_o whole_a barony_n and_o lordship_n of_o powy_n his_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o pool_n with_o divers_a other_o lordship_n in_o the_o county_n of_o montgomery_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o the_o county_n of_o salop_n upon_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o own_o body_n lawful_o beget_v or_o to_o be_v beget_v and_o in_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n his_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o charlton_n and_o pontisbury_n in_o shropshire_n upon_o jane_n orwell_n daughter_n of_o sir_n lewis_n orwell_n knight_n and_o her_o assign_v during_o her_o natural_a life_n and_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v die_v without_o any_o issue_n of_o his_o own_o body_n lawful_o beget_v that_o then_o edward_n grey_n his_o illegitimate_a son_n by_o the_o same_o jane_n orwell_n shall_v have_v and_o enjoy_v his_o say_a barony_n and_o manor_n of_o powy_n his_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o pool_n and_o all_o other_o his_o lordship_n in_o the_o county_n of_o montgomery_n with_o the_o reversion_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o charlton_n and_o pontysbury_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n lawful_o beget_v and_o for_o lack_v of_o such_o issue_n to_o remain_v to_o that_o child_n in_o case_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o son_n wherewith_o the_o same_o jane_n orwell_n be_v then_o great_a by_o he_o and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o beget_v but_o if_o it_o shall_v not_o prove_v a_o son_n or_o if_o the_o son_n die_v without_o issue_n then_o that_o the_o whole_a barony_n of_o powy_n and_o all_o the_o premise_n beforementioned_a shall_v come_v to_o jane_n grey_n his_o daughter_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o her_o body_n lawful_o beget_v and_o for_o lack_v of_o such_o issue_n to_o anne_n grey_n his_o other_o daughter_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o her_o body_n lawful_o beget_v and_o last_o for_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n to_o such_o woman-child_n as_o shall_v be_v bear_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o say_v jane_n orwell_n but_o after_o edward_n grey_n the_o title_n of_o lord_n of_o powy_n lay_v extinct_a to_o the_o five_o year_n of_o k._n charles_n i._n when_o sir_n william_n herbert_n son_n of_o sir_n edward_n herbert_n of_o 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the_o english_a and_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o they_o for_o their_o most_o cruel_a and_o almost_o inhuman_a practice_n towards_o the_o welsh_a have_v therefore_o draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o be_v accompany_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n gryc_a in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o week_n he_o recover_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a all_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n and_o then_o all_o merionyth_n with_o such_o land_n as_o prince_n edward_n have_v usurp_v in_o cardigan_n which_o he_o bestow_v upon_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi have_v also_o force_v rhys_n fychan_n out_o of_o buelht_n he_o confer_v it_o upon_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n bestow_v all_o the_o land_n which_o he_o recover_v between_o his_o noble_n reserve_v nothing_o to_o his_o own_o use_n beside_o gwerthryneon_n the_o a.d._n 1257_o estate_n of_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n the_o next_o summer_n he_o enter_v into_o powy_n and_o make_v war_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n who_o always_o have_v take_v part_n with_o and_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o he_o total_o overcome_v except_v the_o castle_n of_o poole_n some_o small_a part_n of_o caerneon_n and_o the_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o severn_n but_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o buelht_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v ro_o recover_v it_o to_o which_o end_n he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v a_o very_a strong_a army_n command_v by_o one_o stephen_n bacon_n which_o be_v send_v by_o sea_n land_v at_o caermardhyn_n in_o the_o whitsun-week_n from_o thence_o the_o english_a march_v to_o dynefawr_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o valiant_o hold_v out_o until_o lhewelyn_n army_n come_v to_o its_o relief_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o english_a decamp_v from_o before_o the_o castle_n and_o put_v 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jeffrey_n langley_n lieutenant_n to_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n most_o wrongful_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o wales_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n to_o punish_v the_o master_n for_o the_o servant_n fault_n enter_v with_o some_o part_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o earl_n estate_n burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o his_o country_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o gate_n of_o chester_n edward_n have_v no_o power_n at_o present_a to_o oppose_v he_o but_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o welsh_a with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n he_o desire_v aid_n of_o his_o uncle_n than_o choose_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o send_v he_o a_o strong_a detachment_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o give_v prince_n lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o find_v he_o too_o strong_a he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o desist_v from_o hostility_n the_o prince_n army_n consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o experience_a man_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n rather_o all_o to_o die_v in_o the_o field_n than_o suffer_v the_o english_a to_o gain_v any_o advantage_n over_o the_o welsh_a but_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n lord_n of_o dinas_n brân_n a_o person_n of_o notorious_a reputation_n for_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n base_o forsake_v the_o welch_a his_o countryman_n and_o with_o all_o his_o force_n go_v over_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n a.d._n 1258_o the_o next_o year_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pass_v to_o south-wales_n and_o seize_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o land_n of_o cemaes_n and_o have_v reconcile_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o rhys_n gryg_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o trefdraeth_n with_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o rhos_n except_v haverford_n thence_o he_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n towards_o glamorgan_n and_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o castle_n of_o lhangymwch_n and_o then_o return_v to_o north-wales_n he_o meet_v by_o the_o way_n with_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o he_o force_v precipitous_o to_o return_v back_o but_o before_o he_o will_v put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o expedition_n he_o must_v needs_o be_v revenge_v upon_o that_o ungrateful_a fugitive_a gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n and_o thereupon_o pass_v through_o bromfield_n he_o miserable_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a country_n upon_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n send_v to_o lhewelyn_n require_v he_o to_o cease_v from_o hostility_n and_o after_o that_o unmerciful_a manner_n to_o devour_v and_o forcible_o to_o take_v away_o other_o man_n estate_n the_o prince_n be_v not_o over_o solicitous_a to_o hearken_v to_o their_o request_n but_o find_v the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n very_o seasonable_a for_o action_n against_o the_o english_a he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battle_n each_o of_o these_o consist_v of_o 1500_o foot_n and_o 500_o horse_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o enlarge_v his_o conquest_n edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n to_o prevent_v the_o blow_n which_o so_o desperate_o hang_v over_o his_o head_n send_v over_o for_o succour_n from_o ireland_n of_o who_o come_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v certify_v man_v out_o a_o fleet_n to_o intercept_v they_o which_o meet_v with_o the_o irish_a at_o sea_n after_o a_o sharp_a dispute_n force_v they_o to_o return_v back_o with_o loss_n king_n henry_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o irish_a resolve_v to_o come_v in_o person_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o have_v draw_v together_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o england_n even_o from_o st._n michael_n mount_n in_o cornwall_n to_o the_o river_n tweed_n march_v with_o his_o son_n edward_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n to_o north-wales_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n advance_v as_o far_o as_o teganwy_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v stop_v his_o far_a progress_n and_o prevent_v any_o long_a stay_n he_o can_v make_v in_o wales_n have_v before_o hand_n cause_v all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o forage_v to_o be_v carry_v over_o the_o river_n and_o then_o secure_v the_o strait_a and_o narrow_a passage_n whereby_o the_o english_a may_v get_v on_o far_a into_o the_o country_n the_o army_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n so_o mortal_o fatigue_v that_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_a subsistance_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v in_o haste_n to_o england_n with_o considerable_a loss_n the_o prince_n after_o that_o send_n for_o all_o the_o force_n in_o south-wales_n come_v to_o the_o march_n where_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v his_o estate_n yield_v himself_o up_o and_o then_o pass_v to_o powy_n he_o banish_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n and_o take_v all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o country_n into_o his_o hand_n proceed_v far_o he_o be_v encounter_v with_o by_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o with_o a_o choice_a party_n of_o english_a give_v he_o battle_n but_o lhewelyn_n army_n exceed_v both_o in_o number_n and_o courage_n easy_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v the_o english_a and_o so_o the_o victory_n be_v quick_o obtain_v the_o prince_n present_o reduce_v to_o his_o power_n all_o the_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n henry_n hear_v of_o the_o earl_n overthrow_n be_v much_o concern_v at_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a soldier_n in_o who_o valour_n and_o experience_n he_o always_o put_v a_o very_a great_a confidence_n and_o therefore_o to_o revenge_v their_o death_n he_o be_v again_o resolve_v to_o march_v against_o the_o welsh_a have_v call_v his_o force_n together_o and_o receive_v supply_v from_o gascoign_n and_o ireland_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n but_o not_o dare_v to_o venture_v far_o into_o the_o country_n for_o fear_v of_o be_v force_v to_o make_v another_o shameful_a retreat_n he_o only_o destroy_v the_o corn_n near_o the_o border_n it_o be_v harvest_n
wales_n king_n edward_n by_o a_o statute_n make_v at_o ruthlan_n incorporate_v and_o annex_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n i._n anno_fw-la 12._o edw._n i._n constitute_v several_a new_a and_o wholesome_a law_n as_o concern_v the_o division_n of_o wales_n into_o several_a county_n the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o writ_n and_o proceed_n in_o trial_n with_o many_o other_o not_o very_o unlike_a the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n but_o all_o this_o can_v never_o win_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o welsh_a towards_o he_o who_o by_o no_o mean_n will_v own_v he_o as_o their_o sovereign_n unless_o he_o will_v condescend_v and_o agree_v to_o live_v and_o reign_v among_o they_o they_o have_v not_o forget_v the_o cruel_a oppression_n and_o intolerable_a insolence_n oâ—_n english_a officer_n and_o therefore_o they_o flat_o tell_v he_o they_o will_v never_o yield_v obedience_n to_o any_o other_o than_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n of_o their_o own_o 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â—is_n own_o devotion_n begin_v to_o reward_v his_o follower_n with_o other_o man_n propriety_n and_o bestow_v whole_a lordship_n and_o town_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o country_n â—pon_o english_a lord_n among_o who_o henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lineoln_n obtain_v the_o lordship_n of_o denbigh_n reginald_n grey_n second_o son_n to_o john_n lord_n grey_n of_o wilton_n the_o lordship_n of_o ruthyn_n this_o henry_n lacie_n be_v son_n to_o edmund_n lacie_n the_o son_n of_o john_n lacie_n lord_n of_o halton_n pomfret_n and_o constable_n of_o chester_n who_o marry_v margaret_n the_o elder_a daughter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o heir_n of_o robert_n quincy_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n this_o henry_n lacie_n lord_n of_o denbigh_n marry_v the_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n of_o william_n longspear_n earl_n of_o salusbury_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n two_o son_n edmund_n and_o john_n who_o both_o die_v young_a one_o by_o a_o fall_n into_o a_o very_a deep_a well_o within_o the_o castle_n of_o denbigh_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v alicia_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o thomas_n plantagenet_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n who_o in_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n be_v earl_n of_o lincoln_n and_o sarum_n lord_n of_o denbigh_n halton_n pomfret_n and_o constable_n of_o chester_n after_o his_o death_n king_n edward_n ii_o bestow_v the_o say_a lordship_n of_o denbigh_n upon_o hugâ—_n lord_n spencer_n earl_n of_o winchester_n upon_o who_o deceased_a king_n edward_n iii_o give_v it_o together_o with_o many_o other_o lordship_n in_o the_o march_n to_o roger_n mortimer_n earlâ—_n march_v in_o performance_n of_o a_o promise_n he_o have_v make_v whilst_o he_o remain_v with_o his_o mother_n in_o france_n thaâ—_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o possession_n of_o thâ—_n crown_n of_o england_n he_o will_v bestow_v upon_o the_o saiâ—_n earl_n of_o march_n to_o the_o value_n of_o a_o thousand_o pounâ—â—_n yearly_a in_o land_n but_o within_o few_o year_n after_o mâ—â—timer_n be_v attaint_v of_o high_a treason_n king_n edwaâ—â—_n bestow_v the_o say_a lordship_n of_o denbigh_n upon_o montague_n earl_n of_o salusbury_n but_o it_o be_v quick_o restoreâ—_n again_o to_o the_o mortimer_n in_o which_o house_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o whole_a estate_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n caâ—â—_n with_o a_o daughter_n to_o the_o house_n of_o york_n and_o so_o to_o the_o crown_n richard_n duke_n of_o york_n grandfather_n to_o edward_n the_o four_o have_v marry_v the_o sole_a daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o mortimer_n and_o so_o 〈◊〉_d continue_v in_o the_o crown_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n who_o in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n bestow_v the_o say_a lordship_n upon_o her_o great_a favourite_n robert_n earâ—_n of_o leicester_n who_o be_v then_o create_v baron_n of_o denbigh_n after_o he_o it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o crown_n where_o 〈◊〉_d have_v continue_v to_o this_o present_a year_n 1696._o when_v his_o present_a majesty_n grant_v a_o patent_n under_o the_o great_a seaâ—_n to_o william_n earl_n of_o portland_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o denbigh_n bromfield_n and_o yale_n some_o of_o the_o welsh_a representative_n perceive_v how_o far_o such_o a_o grant_v encroach_v upon_o the_o property_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o subject_a disclose_v their_o grievance_n to_o the_o honourable_a house_n of_o commons_o who_o after_o some_o consideration_n resolve_v nemine_fw-la contradicente_fw-la that_o a_o petition_n shall_v be_v present_v to_o his_o majesty_n by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o whole_a house_n to_o request_v he_o to_o recall_v his_o grant_n to_o the_o say_a earl_n of_o portland_n which_o be_v according_o do_v in_o the_o manner_n follow_v may_v it_o please_v your_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n we_o your_o majesty_n most_o dutiful_a and_o loyal_a subject_n the_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n in_o parliament_n assemble_v humble_o lay_v before_o your_o majesty_n that_o whereas_o there_o be_v a_o grant_v pass_v to_o william_n earl_n of_o portland_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o denbigh_n bromfield_n and_o yale_n and_o divers_a other_o land_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n together_o with_o several_a estate_n of_o inheritance_n enjoy_v by_o many_o of_o your_o majesty_n subject_n by_o virtue_n of_o ancient_a grant_n from_o the_o crown_n that_o the_o say_a manor_n with_o the_o large_a and_o extensive_a royalty_n power_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o same_o belong_v be_v of_o great_a concern_v to_o your_o majesty_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v usual_o annex_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n and_o settle_a on_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n for_o their_o support_n and_o that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o your_o majesty_n subject_n in_o those_o part_n hold_v their_o estate_n by_o royal_a tenure_n under_o great_a and_o valuable_a composition_n rent_n royal-payment_n and_o service_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o 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his_o death_n more_o lament_v by_o the_o english_a nation_n who_o have_v he_o live_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o helm_n no_o one_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v exceed_v as_o to_o all_o qualification_n the_o most_o glorious_a renown_n of_o the_o great_a of_o his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o live_v sir_n tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n descend_v lineal_o from_o ednyfed_a vaughan_n a_o person_n as_o to_o estate_n power_n and_o interest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o north_n wales_n upon_o some_o motive_n either_o of_o ambition_n or_o fancy_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n require_v all_o people_n to_o call_v and_o style_v he_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n as_o if_o he_o do_v prognosticate_v and_o foresee_v that_o out_o of_o his_o loin_n shall_v arise_v those_o that_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o confer_v that_o honor._n king_n edward_n be_v inform_v of_o such_o unparalleled_a presumption_n send_v for_o sir_n tudor_n 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knighthood_n upon_o he_o from_o this_o sir_n tudor_n lineal_o descend_v henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o edmund_n earl_n of_o richmond_n the_o son_n of_o sir_n owen_n tudor_n son_n to_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o this_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gono_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o black_a prince_n his_o son_n richard_z bear_v at_o bourdeaux_n in_o france_n be_v but_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n at_o havering_n at_o bower_n on_o the_o 20_o day_n of_o november_n and_o in_o the_o a.d._n 1377_o 50th_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o his_o grandfather_n reign_n who_o he_o succeed_v in_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n henry_n bear_v at_o monmouth_n son_n and_o heir_n to_o henry_n the_o four_o king_n of_o england_n upon_o the_o 15_o of_o october_n in_o the_o one_a year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n at_o westminster_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o english_a crown_n by_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o whilst_o richard_n the_o second_o reign_v one_o owen_z ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi fychan_n descend_v of_o a_o young_a son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n be_v not_o a_o little_a famous_a this_o owen_n have_v his_o education_n in_o one_o of_o the_o inns-of-court_n where_o he_o become_v barister_n at_o law_n and_o afterward_o in_o very_o great_a favour_n and_o credit_n serve_v king_n richard_n and_o continue_v with_o he_o at_o flint_n castle_n till_o at_o length_n the_o king_n be_v take_v by_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n betwixt_o this_o owen_n and_o reginald_n lord_n grace_n of_o rhuthyn_n there_o happen_v no_o small_a difference_n touch_v a_o common_a lie_v between_o the_o lordship_n of_o rhuthyn_n whereof_o reginald_n be_v owner_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o glyndowrdwy_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o owen_n whence_o he_o borrow_v the_o name_n of_o glyndwr_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o owen_n as_o be_v a_o courtier_n and_o in_o no_o mean_a esteem_n with_o the_o king_n do_v overpower_v reginald_n who_o be_v neither_o so_o well_o befriend_v at_o court_n nor_o belove_v in_o the_o country_n as_o owen_n be_v but_o after_o king_n richard_n deposal_n the_o scene_n be_v alter_v and_o reginald_n as_o then_o better_o befriend_v than_o owen_n enter_v upon_o the_o common_a which_o occasion_v owen_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o to_o make_v his_o complaint_n in_o parliament_n against_o he_o for_o thus_o divest_v he_o of_o his_o right_n no_o redress_n be_v find_v the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n wish_v the_o lord_n to_o take_v care_n that_o by_o thus_o slight_v his_o complaint_n they_o do_v not_o irritate_fw-la and_o provoke_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o insurrection_n to_o which_o some_o of_o the_o lord_n reply_v that_o they_o do_v not_o fear_v those_o rascally_a barefooted_n people_n glyndwr_n therefore_o perceive_v how_o his_o petition_n be_v slight_v in_o parliament_n and_o find_v no_o other_o method_n to_o redress_v himself_o have_v several_a friend_n and_o follower_n put_v himself_o in_o arm_n against_o reginald_n and_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o field_n overcome_v and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o spoil_v his_o lordship_n of_o rhuthyn_n upon_o this_o many_o resort_v to_o he_o from_o all_o part_n of_o wales_n some_o think_v he_o to_o be_v in_o as_o great_a favour_n now_o as_o in_o king_n richard_n day_n other_o put_v in_o his_o head_n that_o now_o the_o time_n be_v come_v when_o the_o britain_n by_o his_o mean_n may_v again_o recover_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o their_o ancestor_n but_o reginald_n be_v thus_o keep_v prisoner_n and_o very_o severe_o handle_v by_o owen_n to_o terrify_v he_o into_o compliance_n with_o he_o in_o his_o rebellious_a act_n and_o not_o permit_v to_o have_v his_o liberty_n under_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n for_o his_o ransom_n whereof_o six_o thousand_o to_o be_v pay_v upon_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n martin_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o to_o deliver_v up_o his_o elder_a son_n with_o some_o other_o person_n of_o quality_n as_o hostage_n for_o the_o remainder_n the_o king_n at_o the_o humble_a suit_n of_o reginald_n see_v no_o other_o way_n for_o his_o enlargement_n give_v way_n thereto_o authorise_v sir_n william_n de_fw-fr roos_n sir_n richard_n de_fw-fr grey_n sir_n william_n de_fw-fr willughby_n sir_n william_n le_fw-fr zouche_n sir_n hugh_n huls_n as_o also_o john_n harvey_n william_n vaus_n john_n lee_n john_n langford_n thomas_n payne_n and_o john_n elnestow_v to_o treat_v with_o owen_n and_o his_o council_n and_o to_o conclude_v in_o what_o they_o shall_v conceive_v most_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v for_o his_o redemption_n whereupon_o they_o consent_v to_o give_v the_o sum_n demand_v by_o glyndwr_n for_o his_o deliverance_n the_o king_n give_v licence_n to_o robert_n braybroke_n bishop_n of_o london_n as_o also_o to_o sir_n 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sir_n david_n secure_v he_o have_v like_v to_o undergo_v present_a execution_n have_v not_o glyndyfwr_n best_o friend_n and_o the_o great_a upholder_n of_o his_o cause_n plead_v in_o his_o behalf_n by_o who_o intercession_n he_o be_v prevail_v with_o to_o grant_v sir_n david_n both_o his_o life_n and_o liberty_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v ever_o after_o continue_v true_a and_o loyal_a to_o he_o sir_n david_n promise_v very_o loud_o but_o with_o the_o reservation_n never_o to_o perform_v for_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o his_o own_o country_n where_o he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o very_a considerable_a sway_n and_o interest_n he_o do_v exceed_o annoy_v and_o molest_v those_o that_o any_o way_n favour_v or_o adhere_v to_o glyndyfwr_n while_o sir_n david_n lay_v in_o prison_n at_o machynlleth_n for_o his_o attempt_n against_o owen_n life_n this_o englyn_n be_v make_v upon_o he_o dafydd_n gam_n dryglam_n dreigl_o iti_fw-la yn_fw-mi wan_a frwydr_n fradwr_n rissiart_n bhrenin_n llwyr_n y_fw-fr rhoes_fw-fr diawl_n haw_v hwyl_n flîn_fw-fr y_fw-fr faith_n ystâd_v ei_fw-la fys_fw-fr in_o the_o dîn._n but_o glyndyfwr_n receive_v information_n how_o that_o sir_n david_n gam_n contrary_a to_o the_o promise_v he_o have_v make_v at_o his_o releasement_n endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o destroy_v his_o interest_n among_o the_o welsh_a enter_v the_o march_n and_o among_o other_o token_n of_o his_o indignation_n burn_v the_o house_n of_o sir_n david_n and_o as_o the_o report_n go_v call_v to_o he_o one_o of_o sir_n david_n tenant_n speak_v to_o he_o thus_o merry_o in_o verse_n o_o gweli_fw-it di_fw-it wr_fw-mi côch_fw-mi cam_n yn_n ymofyn_n y_fw-fr girnigwen_n dyw_v ei_fw-la bôd_a hi_o tan_o y_fw-mi lan_n a_o nôd_n y_fw-fr glow_n be_v ei_fw-la phenn_n but_o sir_n david_n have_v the_o luck_n to_o escape_v his_o reach_n and_o be_v constrain_v to_o retire_v to_o england_n where_o he_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o court_n till_o the_o death_n of_o glyndyfwr_n when_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o go_v with_o a_o army_n to_o france_n against_o the_o french_a king_n sir_n david_n gam_n bring_v into_o his_o service_n a_o numerous_a party_n of_o stout_a and_o valorous_a welshman_n who_o upon_o all_o occasion_n express_v their_o courage_n and_o resolution_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o agincourt_n news_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o french_a army_n be_v advance_v towards_o he_o and_o that_o they_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a he_o detach_v captain_n gam_n to_o observe_v their_o motion_n and_o review_v their_o number_n the_o captain_n have_v narrow_o eye_v the_o french_a find_v they_o twice_o to_o exceed_v the_o english_a but_o not_o be_v in_o the_o least_o daunt_v at_o such_o a_o multitude_n he_o return_v to_o the_o king_n who_o inquire_v of_o he_o what_o the_o number_n of_o the_o french_a may_v be_v he_o make_v answer_v an_o it_o please_v you_o my_o liege_n they_o be_v enough_o to_o be_v kill_v enough_o to_o run_v away_o and_o enough_o to_o be_v take_v prisoner_n king_n henry_n be_v well_o please_v and_o much_o encourage_v with_o this_o resolute_a and_o undaunted_a answer_n of_o sir_n david_n who_o tongue_n do_v not_o express_v more_o valour_n than_o his_o hind_n perform_v for_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o battle_n the_o king_n person_n be_v in_o danger_n sir_n david_n charge_v the_o enemy_n with_o that_o eagerness_n and_o masculine_a bravery_n that_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o give_v ground_n and_o so_o secure_v the_o king_n though_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o much_o blood_n and_o also_o his_o life_n himself_o and_o his_o son-in-law_n roger_n vaughan_n and_o his_o kinsman_n waâ—ter_n llwyd_n of_o brecknock_n have_v receive_v their_o mortal_a wound_n in_o that_o encounter_n when_o the_o king_n hear_v of_o their_o condition_n how_o that_o they_o be_v past_o all_o hope_n of_o recovery_n he_o come_v to_o they_o and_o in_o recompense_n of_o their_o good_a service_n knight_v they_o all_o three_o in_o the_o field_n where_o they_o soon_o after_o die_v and_o so_o end_v the_o life_n but_o not_o the_o fame_n of_o the_o signal_o valiant_a sir_n david_n gam_n edward_n of_o westminster_n the_o sole_a issue_n of_o that_o unfortunate_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o six_o by_z margaret_z the_o daughter_n of_o rayner_n duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o titular_a king_n of_o jerusalem_n sicily_n and_o arragon_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n in_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n on_o the_o 15_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o thirty_o second_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n when_o the_o day_n be_v lose_v at_o tewksbury_n this_o young_a prince_n think_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o be_v unfortunate_o take_v and_o bring_v to_o the_o presence_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o who_o then_o sit_v upon_o the_o helm_n make_v such_o resolute_a and_o unexpected_a reply_v that_o he_o put_v the_o king_n to_o such_o a_o passion_n that_o he_o smite_v he_o on_o the_o mouth_n with_o his_o gauntlet_n and_o then_o his_o brother_n richard_n the_o crouchback_a run_v he_o into_o the_o heart_n with_o his_o dagget_n edward_n bear_v in_o the_o sanctuary_n at_o westminster_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o be_v after_o his_o father_n expulsion_n out_o of_o england_n in_o the_o forty_o nine_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o earl_n of_o chester_n in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o this_o young_a prince_n be_v then_o at_o ludlow_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n be_v present_o send_v for_o to_o london_n and_o proclaim_v king_n of_o england_n but_o never_o live_v to_o be_v crown_v for_o his_o uncle_n richard_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v appoint_v his_o protector_n most_o vilainous_o make_v he_o away_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o afterward_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v and_o crown_v king_n edward_n the_o four_o in_o his_o war_n against_o henry_n the_o six_o be_v very_o much_o assist_v by_o the_o welsh_a in_o recompense_n of_o which_o service_n he_o design_v to_o reform_v matter_n so_o in_o wales_n as_o that_o intolerable_a oppression_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o endure_v shall_v be_v regulate_v and_o take_v off_o and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o mean_v to_o establish_v a_o court_n within_o the_o say_a principality_n and_o constitute_v john_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n precedent_n of_o the_o prince_n council_n in_o the_o march_n who_o together_o with_o anthony_n earl_n of_o rivers_n sit_v in_o the_o town-hall_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o constitute_v certain_a ordinance_n for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o that_o place_n but_o the_o matter_n proceed_v no_o far_o for_o the_o trouble_n and_o disquietness_n of_o his_o kingdom_n come_v heavy_a upon_o he_o and_o the_o shortness_n of_o his_o reign_n after_o his_o establishment_n not_o permit_v he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v that_o to_o other_o which_o himself_o think_v once_o to_o bring_v about_o edward_n bear_v at_o middleham_n near_o richmond_n in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n the_o only_a son_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o be_v at_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n create_v by_o his_o father_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o die_v soon_o after_o arthur_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o bear_v at_o winchester_n be_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n about_o the_o fifteen_o year_n of_o his_o age_n be_v then_o new_o marry_v to_o katherine_n the_o infanta_n of_o spain_n he_o be_v send_v by_o his_o father_n into_o wales_n that_o by_o his_o presence_n he_o may_v keep_v that_o country_n in_o better_a awe_n with_o he_o king_n henry_n send_v dr._n william_n smith_n afterward_o make_v bishop_n of_o lincoln_n 789._o wokins_n p._n 789._o as_o precedent_n of_o his_o council_n together_o with_o sir_n richard_n pool_n his_o chamberlain_n sir_n henry_n vernon_z sir_n richard_z crofts_n sir_n david_n philip_n sir_n william_n vdal_n sir_n thomas_n englefield_n sir_n peter_n newton_n and_o other_o to_o be_v his_o counsellor_n and_o director_n in_o his_o management_n of_o affair_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v not_o continue_v long_o there_o but_o he_o fall_v sick_a at_o his_o castle_n at_o ludlow_n of_o which_o indisposition_n he_o short_o after_o dye_v and_o be_v bury_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o worcester_n but_o the_o create_v of_o his_o brother_n henry_n duke_n of_o york_n prince_n of_o wales_n in_o his_o stead_n be_v defer_v for_o about_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n to_o discover_v whether_o the_o lady_n katherine_n be_v get_v with_o child_n by_o prince_n arthur_n but_o when_o it_o appear_v for_o certain_a she_o have_v not_o conceive_v on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o february_n in_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o his_o father_n king_n
draw_v together_o a_o great_a army_n consist_v partly_o of_o stranger_n and_o partly_o of_o such_o as_o they_o can_v raise_v in_o gwentland_n and_o glamorgan_n and_o march_v to_o fight_v with_o gruffydh_n the_o prince_n according_a to_o his_o usual_a manner_n detract_v no_o time_n but_o animate_v and_o solace_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o remembrance_n of_o their_o former_a victory_n and_o conquest_n bid_v the_o enemy_n battle_n which_o prove_v so_o very_o bloody_a and_o terrible_a that_o nothing_o can_v part_v they_o beside_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n this_o battle_n so_o tire_v and_o tame_v both_o army_n that_o neither_o be_v very_o desirous_a of_o another_o engagement_n and_o so_o one_o be_v unwilling_a to_o set_v upon_o the_o other_o they_o both_o agree_v to_o return_v to_o their_o own_o habitation_n the_o same_o time_n joseph_n bishop_n of_o teilo_n or_o llandaf_n die_v at_o rome_n but_o both_o army_n be_v separate_v prince_n gruffydh_n enjoy_v a_o quiet_a and_o unmolested_a possession_n of_o all_o wales_n for_o about_o two_o year_n after_o which_o the_o gentry_n of_o ystrad_n towy_n treacherous_o slay_v 140_o of_o the_o choice_n of_o his_o army_n which_o he_o take_v in_o so_o high_a a_o indignation_n that_o to_o revenge_v their_o death_n he_o destroy_v all_o dyfed_a and_o ystrad_n towy_a about_o the_o same_o time_n lothen_n and_o hyrl_a two_o danish_a pirate_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o dane_n land_v at_o sandwich_n and_o have_v plunder_v the_o town_n return_v again_o to_o their_o ship_n and_o sail_v for_o holland_n where_o they_o sell_v the_o booty_n they_o have_v take_v and_o then_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n short_o afterward_o earl_n swain_n come_v out_o of_o denmark_n with_o eight_o ship_n and_o return_v to_o england_n and_o come_v to_o his_o father_n house_n at_o pevenese_n humble_o request_v of_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n harold_n and_o tostie_n to_o endeavour_v his_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o king_n earl_n beorn_v too_o promise_v to_o intercede_v for_o he_o and_o go_v to_o swayn_n fleet_n to_o sail_v to_o sandwich_n where_o the_o king_n then_o lay_v he_o be_v by_o the_o way_n most_o treacherous_o and_o ungrateful_o murder_v and_o his_o body_n cast_v upon_o the_o shore_n which_o lie_v there_o expose_v till_o his_o friend_n heat_n of_o the_o fact_n come_v and_o carry_v it_o to_o winchester_n and_o bury_v it_o by_o the_o body_n of_o king_n cnute_n â—eorned_v his_o uncle_n swain_n have_v commit_v this_o most_o testable_a murder_n put_v himself_o again_o under_o the_o proâ—â—ction_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n not_o dare_v to_o show_v 〈◊〉_d face_n in_o england_n till_o his_o father_n by_o earnest_a mediâ—â—on_n wrought_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n this_o year_n conan_n the_o son_n of_o jago_n raise_v again_o a_o â—â—my_n of_o his_o friend_n in_o ireland_n and_o sail_v towards_o â—ales_n purpose_v to_o recover_v his_o inheritance_n in_o 〈◊〉_d country_n but_o when_o he_o be_v come_v near_o the_o â—â—lch_a coast_n there_o sudden_o arise_v such_o a_o violent_a â—â—â—rm_n that_o his_o fleet_n be_v present_o scatter_v and_o â—â—st_n of_o his_o ship_n drown_v which_o render_v this_o expedition_n ineffectual_a about_o the_o same_o time_n robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n impeach_v earl_n godwyn_n and_o his_o 〈◊〉_d swain_n and_o harold_n of_o treason_n and_o the_o queen_n 〈◊〉_d adultery_n and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o non-appearance_a when_o cite_v before_o the_o peer_n at_o gloucester_n 〈◊〉_d queen_n be_v divorce_v and_o godwyn_n and_o his_o son_n â—â—nished_v who_o with_o his_o son_n swain_n flee_v to_o flanders_n 〈◊〉_d harold_n to_o ireland_n but_o these_o unlucky_a clashing_n use_v the_o many_o trouble_n that_o ensue_v thereupon_o happen_v upon_o this_o occasion_n eustace_n earl_n of_o bologne_n beâ—â—â—_n marry_v to_o goda_n the_o king_n sister_n come_v over_o this_o â—aâ—_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v king_n edward_n a_o visit_n and_o in_o 〈◊〉_d return_n to_o canterbury_n one_o of_o his_o retinue_n forcible_o â—â—manding_v a_o lodging_n provoke_v the_o master_n of_o the_o â—â—use_n so_o far_o as_o by_o chance_n or_o anger_n to_o kill_v he_o euâ—â—â—e_v upon_o this_o affront_n return_v back_o to_o the_o king_n and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o insinuâ—tions_n of_o the_o archbishop_n make_v a_o loud_a complaint_n against_o the_o kentish-man_n to_o repress_v who_o violence_n earl_n godwyn_n be_v command_v to_o raise_v forâ—â—â—_n which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v for_o the_o kindness_n he_o bear_v 〈◊〉_d his_o countryman_n of_o kent_n the_o king_n summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o gloucester_n and_o command_v godwyn_n to_o â—â—pear_v there_o but_o he_o mistrust_v either_o his_o own_o â—use_n or_o the_o malice_n of_o his_o adversary_n gather_v a_o powerful_a army_n out_o of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o son_n earldom_n and_o march_v towards_o gloucester_n give_v out_o â—â—â—t_v their_o force_n be_v to_o go_v against_o the_o welsh_a who_o â—â—â—ended_v to_o invade_v the_o marsh_n but_o king_n edwardâ—â—â—ng_v â—â—â—ng_z satisfy_v by_o the_o welsh_a that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n command_v godwyn_n to_o dismiss_v his_o aâ—my_n and_o to_o appear_v himself_o to_o answer_v to_o the_o article_n exhibit_v against_o he_o godwyn_n refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o kiâ—â—_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o earl_n leofrick_n summon_v a_o assembly_n at_o london_n whither_o a_o great_a number_n of_o force_n arrive_v from_o mercia_n which_o godwyn_n perceive_v and_o wiâ—â—al_a find_v himself_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o king_n â—_o proceed_n private_o retire_v with_o his_o son_n out_o 〈◊〉_d the_o kingdom_n and_o flee_v into_o flanders_n whereupon_o the_o king_n issue_v out_o a_o edict_n proclaim_v godwâ—â—_n and_o his_o son_n outlaw_n and_o then_o confiscate_a thâ—â—â—_n estate_n bestow_v they_o upon_o other_o of_o his_o nobiliâ—â—_n and_o to_o pursue_v his_o displeasure_n the_o far_o he_o divorce_v his_o queen_n edith_n earl_n godwyn_n daughter_n aâ—â—_n commit_v she_o to_o a_o cloister_n where_o in_o a_o mean_a condition_n she_o spend_v some_o part_n of_o her_o life_n in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o forfeit_a estate_n adonan_n obtain_v 〈◊〉_d earldom_n of_o devon_n and_o dorset_n and_o algar_n the_o sâ—â—_n of_o leofrick_n that_o of_o harold_n but_o godwyn_n can_v 〈◊〉_d patient_o behold_v his_o estate_n bestow_v upon_o another_o and_o therefore_o have_v hire_v some_o man_n and_o ship_n 〈◊〉_d flanders_n he_o sail_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n where_o aâ—â—â—â—_n that_o he_o have_v make_v a_o sufficient_a havoc_n he_o put_v in_o 〈◊〉_d portland_n which_o he_o treat_v after_o the_o same_o manâ—â—â—_n the_o same_o time_n harold_n have_v sail_v from_o ireland_n 〈◊〉_d length_n meet_v with_o his_o father_n and_o then_o with_o their_o unâ—â—â—â—_n navy_n they_o burn_v preveneseny_n romney_n heath_n fâ—â—â—ston_n dover_n and_o sandwich_n and_o enter_v the_o thâ—â—â—â—_n they_o destroy_v cheppey_n and_o burn_v the_o king_n hoâ—â—_n at_o middletown_n then_o they_o sail_v up_o the_o river_n â—â—wards_v london_n where_o the_o king_n army_n be_v reaâ—â—_n to_o oppose_v they_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v by_o the_o meâ—_n of_o bishop_n stigand_n agree_v upon_o which_o prove_v so_o â—â—fectual_a of_o godwyn_n side_n that_o the_o king_n receive_v 〈◊〉_d again_o to_o his_o favour_n restore_v he_o and_o son_n to_o all_o thâ—_n estate_n re-called_n the_o queen_n and_o banish_v the_o archbishop_n with_o all_o the_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v promoter_n of_o that_o unhappy_a suspicion_n the_o king_n have_v entertain_v of_o they_o about_o this_o time_n rhys_n brother_n to_o gruffydh_n prâ—â—â—â—_n of_o wales_n who_o by_o several_a eruption_n upon_o the_o bordeâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d considerable_o gaul_v and_o damage_v the_o english_a â—â—s_o take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n at_o bulendun_v who_o â—â—â—d_v be_v cut_v off_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n than_o gloucester_n but_o he_o receive_v better_a news_n some_o time_n 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o north_n for_o siward_n earl_n of_o northumberâ—â—â—d_n have_v send_v his_o son_n against_o macbeth_n king_n of_o â—â—gland_n vanquish_v the_o scot_n though_o not_o without_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o son_n and_o many_o other_o both_o english_a and_o â—â—nes_n but_o siward_n be_v not_o cast_v down_o at_o his_o son_n be_v â—â—â—th_o but_o inquire_v whether_o he_o receive_v his_o death_n â—â—nd_n before_o or_o behind_o and_o be_v assure_v that_o it_o 〈◊〉_d before_o reply_v he_o be_v very_o glad_a of_o it_o for_o he_o use_v not_o wish_v his_o son_n to_o die_v otherwise_o after_o this_o story_n king_n edward_n march_v in_o person_n to_o scotland_n and_o have_v again_o overcome_v macbeth_n in_o battle_n make_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n tributary_n the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o next_o year_n earl_n â—â—â—â—yn_v sit_v with_o the_o king_n at_o table_n sink_v down_o use_v of_o a_o sudden_a be_v choke_v as_o it_o be_v think_v in_o â—â—llowing_v a_o morsel_n of_o bread_n who_o earldom_n the_o â—â—ng_v bestow_v upon_o his_o
easy_o grant_v with_o the_o promise_n too_o of_o great_a succour_n and_o large_a supply_n king_n henry_n to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o bold_a adventure_n march_v in_o person_n against_o they_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o arundel_n win_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o quick_o afterward_o the_o castle_n of_o tekinhill_n but_o that_o of_o brugge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n about_o it_o seem_v to_o require_v long_a time_n and_o hard_a service_n and_o therefore_o king_n henry_n be_v advise_v to_o send_v private_o to_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n promise_v he_o great_a reward_n if_o he_o forsake_v the_o earl_n part_n and_o come_v over_o to_o he_o urge_v to_o he_o what_o mischief_n roger_n earl_n robert_n father_n and_o his_o brother_n hugh_n have_v continual_o do_v to_o the_o welshman_n and_o to_o make_v he_o the_o more_o willing_a to_o accept_v of_o his_o proposal_n he_o promise_v to_o give_v he_o all_o such_o land_n as_o the_o earl_n and_o his_o brother_n have_v in_o wales_n without_o either_o tribute_n or_o homage_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o powy_n cardigan_n and_o half_o dyfe_v the_o other_o part_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n jorwerth_n receive_v these_o offer_n accept_v of_o they_o very_o glad_o and_o then_o come_v to_o the_o king_n he_o send_v all_o his_o force_n to_o earl_n robert_n land_n who_o have_v receive_v very_o strict_a order_n destroy_v without_o mercy_n every_o thing_n they_o meet_v with_o and_o what_o make_v the_o spoil_n the_o great_a earl_n robert_n upon_o his_o rebel_n against_o king_n henry_n have_v cause_v his_o people_n to_o convey_v all_o their_o good_n to_o wales_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o english_a not_o think_v how_o his_o father_n memory_n sound_v among_o the_o welsh_a but_o when_o the_o news_n of_o iorwerth_n revolt_n reach_v the_o ear_n of_o the_o earl_n cadogan_n and_o meredith_n iorwerth_n brother_n their_o spirit_n begin_v to_o faint_v as_o despair_v any_o long_a to_o oppose_v the_o king_n since_o jorwerth_n who_o be_v the_o person_n of_o great_a strength_n in_o wales_n have_v leave_v and_o forsake_v they_o arnulph_n be_v go_v to_o ireland_n to_o fetch_v home_o his_o wife_n and_o to_o bring_v over_o what_o succour_n his_o father_n in_o law_n king_n murkart_n can_v afford_v to_o send_v he_o but_o he_o not_o come_v in_o time_n some_o other_o method_n be_v to_o be_v try_v how_o to_o get_v some_o aid_n against_o the_o english_a a_o little_a before_o this_o rebellion_n break_v out_o magnus_n harold_n son_n land_v the_o second_o time_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n and_o be_v kind_o receive_v by_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi conan_n he_o have_v leave_v to_o cut_v down_o what_o timber_n he_o have_v need_n for_o and_o so_o return_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o he_o have_v get_v by_o conquest_n he_o build_v there_o three_o castle_n and_o then_o send_v to_o ireland_n to_o have_v the_o daughter_n of_o murkart_n in_o marriage_n to_o his_o son_n which_o be_v obtain_v he_o create_v he_o king_n of_o man._n earl_n robert_n hear_v this_o send_v to_o magnus_n for_o aid_n against_o king_n henry_n but_o receive_v none_o he_o think_v it_o now_o high_a time_n to_o look_v to_o his_o own_o safety_n and_o therefore_o he_o send_v to_o the_o king_n request_v that_o he_o may_v quiet_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v lay_v down_o his_o arm_n which_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v he_o sail_v to_o normandy_n and_o then_o king_n henry_n send_v a_o express_a to_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n require_v he_o either_o to_o follow_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o to_o deliver_v himself_o up_o to_o his_o mercy_n and_o so_o arnulph_n go_v over_o also_o for_o normandy_n when_o the_o king_n be_v return_v to_o london_n jorwerth_n take_v his_o brother_n meredith_n prisoner_n and_o commit_v he_o to_o the_o king_n custody_n his_o other_o brother_n cadogan_n have_v reconcile_v himself_o beforehand_o to_o who_o jorwerth_n give_v cardigan_n with_o a_o part_n of_o powy_n then_o jorwerth_n go_v to_o london_n to_o put_v the_o king_n in_o mind_n of_o his_o promise_n and_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v he_o against_o earl_n robert_n but_o the_o king_n find_v now_o all_o matter_n at_o quiet_a be_v deaf_a to_o all_o such_o remembrance_n and_o instead_o of_o promise_v what_o he_o have_v once_o voluntary_o propose_v against_o all_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o gratitude_n he_o take_v away_o dyfe_v from_o jorwerth_n and_o give_v it_o to_o a_o knight_n of_o his_o own_o call_v saer_n and_o stratywy_a cydwely_n and_o gwyr_n he_o bestow_v upon_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n and_o send_v jorwerth_n away_o more_o empty_a than_o he_o come_v nor_o be_v this_o sufficient_a reward_n for_o his_o former_a service_n but_o the_o next_o year_n king_n henry_n must_v send_v some_o of_o his_o counsel_n to_o shrewsbury_n and_o cite_v jorwerth_n to_o appear_v there_o 1101._o a._n d._n 1101._o under_o pretence_n of_o consult_v about_o the_o king_n business_n and_o affair_n in_o those_o part_n but_o the_o plot_n be_v lay_v deep_o and_o when_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n he_o make_v his_o appearance_n he_o be_v surprize_o attaint_v of_o high-treason_n and_o then_o contrary_a to_o all_o right_a and_o justice_n actual_o condemn_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n the_o true_a reason_n of_o this_o unparalleled_a severity_n be_v the_o king_n fear_v his_o strength_n and_o be_v apprehensive_a that_o he_o will_v revenge_v the_o wrong_n and_o affront_v he_o receive_v at_o his_o hand_n and_o indeed_o well_o have_v he_o reason_n to_o fear_v that_o when_o he_o so_o ungrateful_o treat_v he_o who_o service_n he_o have_v experience_v to_o be_v so_o great_o advantageous_a to_o he_o but_o the_o policy_n of_o prince_n be_v unaccountable_a and_o whether_o to_o value_v a_o eminent_a person_n for_o his_o service_n or_o to_o fear_v he_o for_o his_o greatness_n be_v a_o subject_a that_o frequent_o disturb_v their_o most_o settle_a consideration_n but_o the_o nobleman_n that_o be_v at_o this_o time_n send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o shrewsbury_n be_v richard_n de_fw-fr belmersh_n who_o be_v chief_a agent_n about_o roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o london_n and_o afterward_o appoint_v by_o this_o king_n to_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o march_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o county_n of_o salop._n with_o he_o be_v join_v in_o company_n walter_z constable_z the_o father_n of_o milo_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o rayner_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o the_o county_n of_o salop._n about_o this_o time_n as_o bale_n write_v the_o church_n of_o menevia_n or_o s._n david_n begin_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n be_v always_o afore_o the_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o all_o wales_n a.d._n 1102_o short_o after_o this_o owen_z ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o have_v be_v author_n of_o no_o small_a mischief_n and_o disturbance_n to_o the_o welsh_a in_o move_v the_o english_a against_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o son_n in_o law_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n depart_v this_o life_n after_o a_o tedious_a and_o miserable_a sickness_n of_o which_o he_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o pity_a by_o how_o much_o he_o have_v prove_v a_o enemy_n and_o a_o traitor_n to_o his_o native_a country_n he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o grono_n by_o his_o wife_n edelflede_v the_o widow_n of_o edmund_n surname_v ironside_n king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v the_o title_n of_o tegengl_n though_o the_o english_a when_o they_o have_v compel_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n to_o flee_v to_o ireland_n for_o safety_n constitute_v he_o prince_n of_o all_o north-wales_n after_o his_o death_n richard_n fitz-baldwyn_n lay_v siege_n to_o and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n and_o forcible_o drive_v howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n have_v commit_v the_o custody_n of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o country_n but_o howel_n quick_o return_v and_o with_o a_o high_a spirit_n of_o revenge_n begin_v to_o destroy_v and_o burn_v whatsoever_o he_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o then_o meet_v a_o party_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o their_o return_n homeward_o he_o fall_v upon_o the_o flank_n of_o they_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a slaughter_n and_o so_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n except_v some_o few_o garrison_n and_o castle_n which_o will_v not_o surrender_v to_o he_o the_o same_o time_n king_n henry_n take_v away_o from_o saer_n the_o government_n of_o dyfed_a which_o former_o be_v jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn's_fw-mi and_o bestow_v it_o upon_o gerald_n who_o have_v be_v some_o time_n earl_n arnulph_n steward_n in_o those_o part_n and_o therefore_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n best_o able_a to_o take_v
great_a penalty_n to_o receive_v he_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v account_v he_o a_o open_a enemy_n to_o their_o country_n and_o endeavour_v all_o they_o can_v to_o secure_v he_o and_o to_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n before_o he_o when_o madawc_n understand_v this_o how_o that_o his_o person_n be_v in_o continual_a danger_n whilst_o he_o remain_v there_o have_v draw_v to_o he_o all_o the_o outlaw_n and_o villain_n in_o the_o country_n he_o keep_v in_o the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n devise_v all_o the_o way_n and_o mean_v he_o can_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o jorwerth_n and_o so_o make_v a_o private_a league_n and_o agreement_n with_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n who_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v be_v a_o mortal_a enemy_n of_o jorwerth_n these_o two_o associate_n have_v intelligence_n that_o jorwerth_n lie_v one_o night_n at_o caereineon_n gather_v all_o their_o strength_n and_o come_v and_o encompass_v the_o house_n at_o midnight_n which_o when_o iorwerth_n servant_n perceive_v they_o arise_v and_o defend_v the_o house_n with_o all_o the_o may_v they_o can_v but_o the_o assailant_n at_o last_o put_v the_o house_n on_o fire_n they_o be_v glad_a as_o many_o as_o can_v to_o escape_v through_o the_o flame_n the_o great_a part_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v either_o to_o the_o enemy_n sword_n or_o the_o more_o conquer_a fire_n jorwerth_n see_v no_o remedy_n but_o that_o he_o must_v undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n as_o his_o man_n have_v do_v choose_v rather_o to_o die_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o enemy_n with_o his_o sword_n in_o his_o hand_n than_o to_o commit_v his_o life_n to_o the_o cowardly_a flame_n and_o therefore_o rush_v out_o with_o great_a violence_n he_o be_v receive_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o enemy_n spear_n and_o so_o be_v toss_v into_o the_o fire_n he_o miserable_o perish_v by_o a_o double_a death_n as_o soon_o as_o king_n henry_n hear_v of_o his_o death_n he_o send_v for_o cadwgan_n to_o he_o and_o give_v he_o all_o his_o brother_n estate_n be_v powys-land_n and_o promise_v his_o son_n owen_n his_o pardon_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v demean_v himself_o quiet_o and_o loyal_o hereafter_o will_v he_o to_o send_v for_o he_o back_o from_o ireland_n king_n henry_n also_o about_o this_o time_n marry_v his_o natural_a son_n robert_n to_o mabil_n daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n to_o robert_n fiz-hamon_n lord_n of_o glamorgan_n in_o who_o right_a this_o robert_n become_v lord_n of_o glamorgan_n be_v before_o by_o the_o king_n create_v e._n of_o gloucester_n by_o who_o the_o castle_n of_o cardaf_n be_v build_v but_o madawc_n find_v the_o matter_n nothing_o mend_v and_o that_o his_o other_o uncle_n cadwgan_n who_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o obligation_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n rule_v the_o country_n hide_v himself_o in_o the_o most_o private_a and_o inaccessible_a place_n watch_v only_o a_o opportunity_n to_o commit_v the_o like_a fact_n upon_o cadwgan_n and_o to_o murder_v he_o by_o one_o treacherous_a way_n or_o another_o and_o this_o he_o effect_v in_o a_o little_a time_n for_o cadwgan_n have_v reduce_v the_o country_n to_o some_o sort_n of_o settlement_n and_o quietness_n and_o restore_v the_o court_n of_o judicature_n where_o he_o sit_v in_o person_n to_o administer_v justice_n come_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o elder_n of_o the_o country_n to_o trallwng_v now_o pool_n and_o have_v begin_v to_o build_v a_o castle_n he_o think_v to_o make_v that_o the_o constant_a seat_n of_o his_o habitation_n madawc_n understand_v his_o design_n lay_v in_o ambush_n for_o he_o in_o his_o way_n to_o trallwng_v and_o as_o cadwgan_n unconcerned_o pass_v by_o without_o the_o least_o suscition_n of_o treachery_n he_o sudden_o set_v upon_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o without_o allow_v he_o any_o time_n either_o to_o fight_v or_o escape_v then_o he_o send_v present_o a_o message_n to_o shrewsbury_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o the_o march_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o former_a 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de_fw-fr belesmo_n who_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o these_o welsh_a disturbance_n in_o that_o great_a rebellion_n which_o himself_o with_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n have_v raise_v against_o the_o king_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o king_n henry_n in_o normandy_n and_o commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o warham-castle_n the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n a.d._n 1110_o ap_fw-mi blethyn_n detach_v a_o considerable_a party_n of_o his_o man_n to_o make_v incursion_n into_o the_o country_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n who_o be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o himself_o and_o owen_n by_o reason_n that_o by_o his_o aid_n and_o instigation_n madawc_n be_v encourage_v to_o kill_v his_o uncle_n jorwerth_n and_o cadwgan_n these_o man_n as_o they_o pass_v through_o madawc_n country_n meet_v a_o person_n in_o the_o nighttime_n who_o belong_v to_o madawc_n who_o be_v ask_v where_o his_o master_n be_v after_o some_o pretence_n of_o ignorance_n at_o last_o through_o fear_n confess_v that_o he_o be_v not_o far_o from_o that_o place_n therefore_o lie_v quiet_o there_o all_o night_n by_o break_n of_o day_n they_o arise_v to_o look_v out_o their_o game_n and_o unexpected_o surpize_v madawc_n they_o fly_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n and_o take_v himself_o prisoner_n and_o so_o carry_v he_o to_o their_o lord_n they_o deliver_v he_o up_o as_o the_o great_a honour_n of_o their_o expedition_n meredith_n be_v not_o a_o little_a proud_a of_o his_o prisoner_n and_o therefore_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o the_o more_o with_o his_o nephew_n owen_n he_o commit_v he_o to_o safe_a custody_n till_o he_o be_v send_v for_o who_o come_v thither_o straight_o meredith_n deliver_v madawc_n up_o to_o he_o owen_n though_o he_o have_v the_o great_a reason_n for_o the_o most_o cruel_a revenge_n by_o reason_n that_o both_o his_o father_n and_o uncle_n be_v base_o murder_v by_o this_o madawc_n will_v not_o put_v he_o to_o death_n remember_v the_o intimate_a friendship_n and_o oath_n that_o have_v pass_v betwixt_o they_o but_o however_o to_o secure_v he_o from_o any_o future_a mischief_n he_o may_v practice_v he_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o then_o set_v he_o at_o liberty_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o revenge_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n meredith_n and_o owen_n think_v fit_a to_o divide_v his_o land_n betwixt_o they_o which_o be_v caernarvon_n aberhiw_n with_o the_o three_o part_n of_o deuthwfyr_n these_o home-bread_n disturbance_n be_v pretty_a well_o abate_v a_o great_a storm_n arise_v from_o abroad_o for_o the_o a.d._n 1111_o next_o year_n king_n henry_n prepare_v a_o mighty_a army_n to_o enter_v into_o wales_n be_v provoke_v thereto_o by_o the_o request_n
ensue_a year_n prince_n rhys_n levy_v a_o great_a army_n who_o first_o attempt_n be_v upon_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o caermadthyn_n both_o which_o he_o take_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o destroy_v and_o then_o return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n not_o long_o after_o he_o lead_v the_o say_a army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o invest_v the_o castle_n of_o clun_n which_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o take_v as_o the_o former_a for_o this_o cost_v he_o a_o long_a siege_n and_o many_o a_o fierce_a assault_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v revenge_v of_o it_o when_o he_o take_v it_o he_o lay_v it_o in_o ash_n thence_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o radnor_n which_o he_o likewise_o wan_a but_o immediate_o after_o it_o cost_v he_o a_o bloody_a battle_n for_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o master_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o roger_n mortimer_n and_o hugh_n de_fw-fr say_n come_v with_o a_o numerous_a and_o well-disciplined_a army_n consist_v of_o norman_n and_o english_a to_o the_o relief_n of_o it_o whereupon_o prince_n rhys_n think_v it_o not_o his_o best_a course_n to_o confine_v his_o man_n within_o the_o wall_n lead_v they_o up_o into_o a_o champion_n ground_n hard_a by_o and_o there_o like_o a_o valiant_a prince_n resolve_v to_o give_v his_o enemy_n battle_n though_o they_o have_v much_o the_o advantage_n of_o he_o for_o his_o man_n be_v neither_o so_o well_o arm_v nor_o so_o much_o accustom_v to_o battle_n as_o the_o other_o be_v however_o their_o courage_n make_v amends_o for_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o leader_n prudence_n and_o conduct_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o their_o discipline_n for_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v honourable_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n than_o shameful_o to_o survive_v the_o loss_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o they_o attack_v their_o enemy_n so_o valiant_o that_o they_o be_v not_o long_o able_a to_o withstand_v their_o force_n but_o quit_v the_o field_n in_o great_a disorder_n leave_v a_o great_a number_n of_o their_o man_n behind_o they_o slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o prince_n rhys_n pursue_v they_o so_o warm_o that_o they_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o shelter_n of_o the_o night_n to_o protect_v they_o from_o his_o fury_n after_o this_o victory_n he_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o payne_n in_o elfel_n which_o he_o easy_o take_v and_o keep_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n till_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o owner_n thereof_o come_v to_o he_o and_o humble_o desire_a peace_n of_o he_o which_o he_o grant_v he_o and_o withal_o deliver_v he_o up_o his_o castle_n again_o not_o long_o after_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o king_n richard_n have_v substitute_v his_o lieutenant_n in_o england_n march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n towards_o wales_n and_o besiege_n the_o castle_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n at_o the_o pool_n but_o the_o garrison_n make_v such_o a_o vigorous_a defence_n that_o he_o lose_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n and_o all_o his_o attempt_n prove_v ineffectual_a therefore_o he_o send_v for_o some_o pyoneer_n who_o he_o order_v to_o undermine_v the_o wall_n which_o when_o the_o besiege_v understand_v they_o bethink_v of_o secure_v themselves_o on_o the_o most_o honourable_a term_n they_o can_v they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o put_v themselves_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n for_o their_o enemy_n be_v thrice_o their_o number_n therefore_o they_o propose_v to_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v carry_v off_o all_o their_o arm_n along_o with_o they_o which_o offer_v the_o archbishop_n accept_v of_o and_o so_o permit_v the_o garrison_n to_o march_v out_o quiet_o then_o fortify_v the_o castle_n for_o the_o king_n use_n and_o put_v a_o strong_a garrison_n in_o it_o for_o its_o defence_n he_o return_v again_o to_o england_n but_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v not_o so_o willing_a to_o part_v from_o his_o castle_n as_o never_o to_o attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o it_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o archbishop_n be_v go_v back_o he_o immediate_o besiege_v it_o and_o short_o after_o receive_v it_o on_o the_o same_o term_n that_o his_o man_n have_v deliver_v it_o up_o and_o afterward_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n a.d._n 1197_o the_o follow_a year_n there_o break_v out_o a_o terrible_a plague_n which_o spread_v over_o all_o britain_n and_o france_n and_o carry_v off_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n beside_o common_a people_n this_o year_n likewise_o die_v the_o valiant_a rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n the_o only_a stay_n and_o defence_n of_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o get_v they_o their_o liberty_n and_o secure_v it_o to_o they_o he_o often_o very_o ready_o expose_v his_o own_o life_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o they_o and_o their_o country_n general_o he_o get_v the_o better_a of_o his_o enemy_n and_o at_o last_o either_o bring_v they_o entire_o under_o his_o subjection_n or_o force_v they_o to_o quit_v their_o country_n he_o be_v no_o less_o illustrious_a for_o his_o virtuous_a endowment_n than_o for_o his_o valour_n and_o extraction_n so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o the_o british_a bard_n and_o other_o write_v so_o honourable_o of_o he_o and_o so_o mighty_o deplore_v his_o death_n to_o this_o prince_n be_v bear_v many_o son_n and_o daughter_n whereof_o his_o elder_a son_n gruffydh_n succeed_v he_o the_o other_o be_v cadwalhon_n maelgon_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n of_o his_o daughter_n one_o call_v gwenthtan_n be_v marry_v to_o ednyfed_a fychaâ—_n ancestor_n to_o owen_n tudor_n that_o marry_v kitharine_n queen-dowager_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v very_o well_o match_v with_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o country_n prince_n gruffydh_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o country_n do_v not_o long_o enjoy_v it_o peaceable_o for_o his_o troublesome_a brother_n maelgon_n think_v it_o now_o a_o fit_a time_n to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o the_o inheritance_n his_o father_n have_v deprive_v he_o of_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o make_v a_o league_n with_o gwenwynwyn_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o by_o their_o joint_a interest_n get_v together_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n wherewith_o they_o surprise_a prince_n gruffydh_n at_o aberystwyth_n who_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n they_o take_v prisoner_n thus_o maelgon_n effectual_o accomplish_v his_o design_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o cardigan_n his_o unfortunate_a brother_n he_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o spiteful_a confederate_a gwenwynwyn_n who_o immediate_o out_o of_o malice_n deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n the_o english_a after_o this_o gwenwynâ—yn_n have_v get_v together_o a_o army_n enter_v arust_o and_o bring_v it_o to_o his_o subjection_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n who_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v forâ—ed_v to_o quit_v his_o usurpation_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n have_v hitherto_o live_v quiet_o and_o peaceable_o not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o kindness_n to_o his_o nephew_n as_o because_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o redress_v himself_o but_o now_o have_v get_v a_o great_a army_n of_o english_a and_o welsh_a he_o use_v his_o utmost_a effort_n to_o recover_v his_o principality_n whereupon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o in_o possession_n of_o it_o come_v on_o bold_o to_o meet_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n wherein_o he_o shameful_o rout_v his_o army_n and_o take_v his_o uncle_n david_n prisoner_n who_o he_o deliver_v into_o safe_a custody_n whereby_o he_o secure_v to_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n peace_n and_o quietness_n towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o year_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n lord_n of_o the_o high_a powy_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n after_o who_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n be_v call_v powys-wenwynwyn_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o call_v powy_n fadoc_n the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o bromfield_n much_o about_o this_o time_n trahaern_n fychan_n a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o county_n of_o brecknock_n be_v sudden_o seize_v upon_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o llancor_n to_o confer_v about_o some_o business_n with_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n lord_n thereof_o and_o by_o a_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n tie_v to_o a_o horse_n tail_n and_o drag_v through_o the_o street_n of_o brecknock_n to_o the_o gallow_n where_o he_o be_v behead_v and_o his_o body_n hang_v up_o by_o the_o foot_n for_o three_o day_n which_o barbarity_n inflict_v upon_o he_o for_o no_o know_v just_a cause_n so_o frighten_v his_o brother_n wife_n and_o child_n that_o they_o flee_v their_o country_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o same_o usage_n the_o a.d._n 1198_o year_n
news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n be_v revolt_v and_o be_v become_v again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n this_o unwelcome_a news_n strike_v very_o deep_a in_o the_o prince_n mind_n by_o reason_n that_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n and_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o repel_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n which_o now_o he_o be_v go_v off_o can_v not_o he_o fear_v be_v so_o well_o effect_v but_o however_o to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o a_o bad_a market_n he_o endeavour_v to_o take_v he_o off_o from_o the_o english_a and_o to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o former_a allegiance_n due_a to_o himself_o as_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o send_v to_o he_o some_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n how_o that_o he_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n have_v oblige_v himself_o to_o oppose_v the_o english_a to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o have_v deliver_v pledge_n for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o what_o he_o have_v then_o by_o oath_n engage_v in_o and_o lest_o he_o shall_v have_v forget_v what_o he_o have_v then_o promise_v he_o be_v desire_v to_o read_v his_o own_o hand_n write_v whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o have_v very_o unjust_o violate_v both_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n but_o all_o the_o rhetoric_n the_o bishop_n can_v make_v use_n of_o be_v not_o of_o force_n enough_o to_o work_v gwenwynwyn_n to_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o aversion_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o see_v nothing_o will_v do_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v resolve_v to_o make_v he_o incapable_a of_o serve_v the_o english_a and_o so_o enter_v powy_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n he_o subdue_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o himself_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v for_o succour_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o wales_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n of_o france_n be_v invite_v by_o the_o english_a baron_n against_o king_n john_n land_v in_o the_o island_n of_o thanet_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o london_n he_o there_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o baron_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o to_o winchester_n where_o king_n john_n then_o lay_v he_o take_v in_o his_o way_n the_o castle_n of_o rygat_n guildford_n and_o farnham_n and_o come_v to_o winchester_n have_v the_o town_n present_o surrender_v to_o he_o king_n john_n do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o abide_v his_o come_n but_o remove_v to_o hereford_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n he_o send_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o reynold_n bruce_n desire_v their_o friendship_n and_o implore_v their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n against_o the_o french_a but_o they_o refuse_v to_o hearken_v to_o his_o proposal_n he_o destroy_v radnor_n and_o hay_n castle_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o oswestry_n which_o belong_v to_o john_n fitzalan_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o depart_v towards_o the_o north._n but_o after_o that_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n there_o and_o appoint_v governor_n in_o all_o the_o town_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n whilst_o he_o be_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n at_o newark_n to_o confront_v the_o baron_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o worcester_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n henry_n be_v by_o several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n proclaim_v king_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n most_o of_o the_o baron_n who_o upon_o their_o hatred_n to_o king_n john_n have_v maintain_v a_o open_a war_n against_o he_o come_v in_o and_o own_v their_o allegiance_n to_o his_o son_n henry_n though_o contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n to_o lewis_n the_o dauphine_n a.d._n 1217_o but_o what_o be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o the_o welsh_a reynald_n de_fw-fr bruce_n who_o have_v all_o this_o while_n maintain_v a_o confederacy_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o father-in-law_n against_o king_n john_n underhand_o make_v his_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n but_o he_o suffer_v severe_o for_o his_o treachery_n for_o young_a rhys_n and_o owen_n his_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n see_v that_o he_o in_o who_o they_o put_v their_o great_a confidence_n have_v deceitful_o forsake_v they_o come_v upon_o he_o with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o take_v from_o he_o all_o buelht_n except_v only_o the_o castle_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v present_o make_v acquaint_v with_o bruce_n revolt_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o his_o son-in-law_n be_v go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o go_v in_o great_a fury_n to_o brecknoc_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o town_n of_o aberhondhy_a he_o be_v with_o much_o ado_n prevail_v upon_o by_o young_a rhys_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o then_o cross_v the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o glamorgan_n call_v the_o black_a mountain_n where_o his_o carriage_n suffer_v very_o much_o he_o come_v to_o gwyr_n and_o encamp_v at_o lhangruc_n reynald_n bruce_n with_o six_o knight_n in_o his_o company_n come_v to_o meet_v he_o desire_v his_o pardon_n for_o his_o pass_a offence_n assure_v he_o that_o for_o the_o future_a he_o will_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o will_v to_o his_o endeavour_n assist_v he_o against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v too_o good_a nature_a to_o reject_v his_o submission_n and_o so_o do_v not_o only_o receive_v he_o to_o his_o favour_n but_o bestow_v upon_o he_o also_o the_o castle_n of_o senghennyth_n which_o reynald_n commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o rhys_n fychan_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v settle_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a order_n in_o gwyr_n march_v to_o dyfed_a and_o be_v at_o cefn_n cynwarchan_n the_o fleming_n send_v their_o agent_n to_o he_o to_o desire_v peace_n which_o the_o prince_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o always_o adhere_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n will_v not_o grant_v they_o and_o so_o young_a rhys_n have_v the_o first_o man_n pass_v the_o river_n cledeu_n to_o storm_n the_o town_n jorwerth_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o clergy_n come_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o entreat_v for_o a_o peace_n for_o the_o fleming_n which_o after_o a_o long_a debate_n be_v grant_v and_o conclude_v upon_o these_o term_n first_o that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rhô_n and_o the_o country_n of_o pembroke_n shall_v from_o thence_o forward_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o ever_o after_o acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n second_o that_o towards_o the_o defray_n of_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o expedition_n they_o shall_v pay_v one_o thousand_o mark_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o before_o the_o ensue_a feast_n of_o st._n michael_n three_o that_o for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o twenty_o hostage_n who_o be_v to_o be_v some_o of_o the_o most_o principal_a person_n in_o their_o country_n then_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v now_o bring_v all_o wales_n subject_n to_o himself_o and_o put_v matter_n in_o a_o settle_a posture_n in_o south_n wales_n return_v to_o north-wales_n have_v purchase_v very_o considerable_a honour_n and_o esteem_v for_o his_o martial_a achievement_n in_o this_o expedition_n and_o now_o all_o matter_n of_o difference_n be_v adjust_v and_o the_o welsh_a in_o good_a hope_n of_o a_o durable_a freedom_n from_o all_o trouble_n and_o hostility_n another_o accident_n unhappy_o fall_v out_o to_o cross_v their_o expectation_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n perceive_v the_o english_a baron_n to_o slight_a and_o forsake_v he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o then_o the_o baron_n the_o king_n promise_v to_o answer_v all_o their_o request_n and_o to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n make_v their_o submission_n without_o include_v the_o welsh_a in_o their_o article_n they_o have_v all_o this_o while_n glad_o embrace_v the_o friendship_n and_o aid_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o now_o upon_o their_o reconciliation_n to_o the_o king_n think_v they_o have_v no_o far_o need_v of_o he_o they_o very_o base_o forsake_v he_o who_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a support_n and_o succour_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o conspire_v together_o to_o convert_v their_o arm_n against_o wales_n think_v they_o can_v without_o any_o breach_n of_o equity_n or_o conscience_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o make_v addition_n to_o what_o some_o of_o they_o have_v already_o unjust_o possess_v themselves_o of_o william_n martial_a earl_n of_o pembroke_n open_v the_o scene_n and_o come_v unexpected_o upon_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n of_o caerlheon_n but_o he_o
time_n and_o so_o return_v to_o england_n but_o lord_n james_n audley_n who_o daughter_n be_v marry_v to_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n do_v more_o mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o welsh_a who_o have_v bring_v over_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n from_o germany_n to_o serve_v against_o the_o welsh_a so_o terrify_v they_o with_o the_o unusual_a largeness_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o unaccustomed_a manner_n of_o sight_v that_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_v the_o welsh_a be_v easy_o overcome_v buâ—_n mind_v to_o revenge_v this_o disgrace_n and_o withal_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o their_o method_n of_o arm_n the_o welsh_a in_o a_o little_a after_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o lord_n audley_n land_n where_o the_o german_n present_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o pursue_v they_o to_o certain_a strait_n which_o the_o welsh_a discover_v for_o a_o politic_a retreat_n the_o german_n think_v they_o have_v entire_o drive_v the_o welsh_a away_o return_v careless_o back_o but_o be_v set_v upon_o of_o the_o sudden_a without_o any_o thought_n of_o a_o enemy_n behind_o they_o be_v all_o in_o a_o manner_n slay_v by_o the_o rally_a welch_n this_o year_n a_o very_a great_a scarcity_n of_o beef_n and_o horse_n happen_v in_o england_n whereof_o several_a thousand_o yearly_a be_v supply_v out_o of_o wales_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o the_o march_n be_v perfect_o rob_v of_o all_o their_o breed_n and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o beast_n to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o border_n a.d._n 1259_o the_o next_o spring_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n convene_v together_o and_o take_v their_o mutual_a oath_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n to_o death_n against_o the_o oppress_a invasion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o not_o to_o relinquish_v and_o forsake_v one_o another_o upon_o pain_n of_o perjury_n though_o notwithstanding_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n of_o south-wales_n violate_v this_o agreement_n and_o put_v himself_o in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n be_v ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o the_o welsh_a to_o which_o purpose_n he_o summon_v a_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o propose_v to_o raise_v a_o subsidy_n towards_o the_o conquest_n of_o wales_n being_n not_o able_a of_o himself_o to_o bear_v the_o expense_n of_o this_o war_n by_o reason_n of_o several_a loss_n he_o have_v already_o receive_v the_o country_n of_o pembroke_n be_v late_o destroy_v and_o take_v by_o the_o welsh_a where_o they_o find_v plenty_n of_o salt_n which_o before_o they_o be_v in_o great_a necessity_n of_o but_o william_n de_fw-fr valentia_n accuse_v the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o gloucester_n as_o the_o author_n of_o all_o this_o mischief_n quite_o break_v all_o their_o measure_n so_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o prorogue_v the_o parliament_n for_o a_o time_n without_o any_o grant_n of_o a_o subsidy_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o it_o sit_v at_o oxford_n where_o king_n henry_n and_o edward_n his_o son_n take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o same_o be_v tender_v to_o guy_n and_o william_n the_o king_n brother_n and_o to_o henry_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o almain_n and_o to_o earl_n warren_n they_o refuse_v to_o take_v it_o and_o so_o depart_v in_o this_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o wales_n fair_o proffer_v to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o law_n for_o any_o offence_n they_o have_v unjust_o commirt_v against_o the_o king_n which_o be_v main_o oppose_v by_o edward_n who_o cause_v one_o patrick_n de_fw-fr canton_n to_o who_o the_o lordship_n of_o cydwely_n be_v give_v in_o case_n he_o can_v win_v and_o keep_v the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v to_o caermardhyn_a as_o lieutenant_n for_o the_o king_n with_o who_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n be_v join_v in_o commission_n be_v arrive_v at_o caermardhyn_n patrick_n send_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o desire_v he_o to_o appoint_v commissioner_n to_o treat_v with_o he_o concern_v a_o peace_n which_o he_o consent_v to_o and_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n send_v meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n to_o emlyn_n if_o possible_a to_o conclude_v the_o same_o but_o patrick_n mean_v no_o such_o thing_n lay_v a_o ambuscade_n for_o the_o welsh_a who_o come_v honest_o forward_o be_v by_o the_o way_n villanous_o set_v upon_o by_o the_o english_a and_o a_o great_a many_o slay_v but_o those_o that_o happy_o escape_v call_v up_o the_o country_n present_o give_v chase_v to_o patrick_n and_o his_o accomplice_n who_o be_v at_o length_n overtake_v be_v almost_o all_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v now_o altogether_o bend_v upon_o a_o peace_n and_o do_v not_o only_o desire_v it_o but_o be_v willing_a to_o purchase_v it_o for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o offer_v to_o give_v the_o king_n 4000_o mark_n to_o his_o son_n 300_o and_o 200_o to_o the_o queen_n which_o the_o king_n utter_o refuse_v reply_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a recompense_n for_o all_o the_o damage_n he_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o welsh_a matthew_z of_o westminster_n report_v that_o about_o michaelmas_n this_o year_n the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n be_v commission_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o nobility_n of_o wales_n to_o treat_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n about_o a_o peace_n and_o to_o offer_v he_o 16000_o pound_n for_o the_o same_o upon_o these_o condition_n that_o according_a to_o their_o ancient_a custom_n the_o welsh_a shall_v have_v all_o cause_n try_v and_o determine_v at_o chester_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v free_o enjoy_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o country_n but_o what_o be_v the_o result_n of_o this_o treaty_n my_o author_n do_v not_o mention_v there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o a_o peace_n prince_n lhewelyn_n a.d._n 1260_o early_a next_o year_n appear_v in_o the_o field_n and_o pass_v to_o south-wales_n and_o first_o fall_v foul_a upon_o sir_n râ—ger_n mortimer_n who_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n maintain_v the_o king_n of_o england_n quarrel_n have_v forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o all_o buelht_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n take_v the_o castle_n where_o be_v find_v a_o plentiful_a magazine_n he_o march_v through_o all_o south-wales_n confirm_v his_o conquest_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aber_n a.d._n 1261_o betwixt_o bangor_n and_o conwey_n the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1262_o owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n die_v but_o the_o next_o summer_n be_v somewhat_o more_o note_v for_o action_n a_o party_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n man_n take_v by_o surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o melienyth_n belong_v to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n and_o have_a put_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n they_o take_v howel_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n the_o governor_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n prisoner_n and_o after_o that_o the_o castle_n be_v demolish_v by_o the_o prince_n order_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n hear_v of_o this_o with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o lord_n and_o knight_n come_v to_o melienyth_n where_o prince_n lhewelyn_n meet_v he_o burr_n sir_n roger_n not_o dare_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n plant_v himself_o within_o the_o ruin_n and_o find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o good_a desire_a leave_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o retire_v peaceable_o the_o prince_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o relation_n and_o near_a consanguinity_n betwixt_o they_o and_o withal_o because_o he_o will_v not_o be_v so_o mean_v spirit_v as_o to_o fall_v upon_o a_o enemy_n who_o have_v no_o power_n to_o resist_v he_o let_v he_o safe_o depart_v with_o his_o force_n and_o then_o pass_v on_o himself_o to_o brecknock_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n who_o swear_v fidelity_n unto_o he_o so_o pass_v on_o and_o return_v to_o noâ—th-wales_n and_o now_o be_v confederate_a with_o the_o baron_n against_o king_n henry_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o practice_v something_o in_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o english_a and_o so_o set_v upon_o the_o earldom_n of_o chester_n destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o tygannâ—y_n and_o diserth_n belong_v to_o edward_n who_o come_v thither_o be_v yet_o not_o able_a to_o prevent_v the_o mischief_n do_v a.d._n 1263_o to_o he_o by_o the_o welsh_a the_o next_o year_n john_n strange_a junior_n constable_n of_o montgomery_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o marcher_n come_v a_o little_a before_o easter_n by_o night_n through_o ceri_fw-la to_o cydewen_n intend_v to_o surprise_v the_o castle_n which_o when_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n understand_v they_o gather_v together_o and_o set_v upon_o they_o slay_v 200_o of_o his_o man_n but_o strange_a with_o a_o few_o get_v safe_o back_o within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o marcher_n and_o the_o welsh_a meet_v again_o near_o a_o place_n call_v clun_n where_o a_o hot_a engagement_n happen_v between_o they_o in_o which_o the_o welsh_a be_v worsted_n
and_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o their_o man_n slay_v after_o this_o nothing_o remarkable_a fall_v out_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o david_n be_v release_v out_o of_o prison_n by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o brother_n most_o ungrateful_o forsake_v he_o and_o with_o all_o his_o might_n side_v with_o his_o enemy_n the_o english_a also_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n have_v take_v the_o castle_n of_o mold_n demolish_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n during_o this_o quiet_a and_o unactive_a interval_n in_o wales_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n the_o main_a support_n and_o defender_n of_o south-wales_n die_v to_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o country_n and_o now_o indeed_o the_o welsh_a be_v like_a to_o be_v a.d._n 1268_o make_v sensible_a of_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o person_n for_o king_n henry_n be_v resolve_v once_o more_o to_o lead_v a_o army_n into_o wales_n and_o to_o see_v if_o he_o can_v have_v better_a success_n than_o he_o have_v hitherto_o against_o the_o welsh_a but_o when_o he_o be_v prepare_v to_o undertake_v this_o expedition_n ottobonus_n pope_n clement_n legate_n in_o england_n interpose_v and_o mediate_v a_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v upon_o at_o the_o castle_n of_o montgomery_n wherein_o it_o be_v article_v that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n 30000_o mark_n and_o the_o king_n be_v to_o grant_v the_o prince_n a_o charter_n from_o thenceforth_o to_o receive_v homage_n and_o fealty_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o baron_n of_o wales_n beside_o one_o so_o that_o they_o can_v hold_v their_o land_n of_o no_o other_o but_o himself_o and_o from_o thence_o forward_o he_o be_v to_o be_v lawful_o style_v prince_n of_o wales_n this_o charter_n be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v as_o well_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n as_o the_o king_n seal_n prince_n lhewelyn_n desist_v from_o any_o far_a act_n of_o hostility_n and_o punctual_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n of_o agreement_n betwixt_o he_o and_o king_n henry_n so_o that_o nothing_o more_o be_v outrageous_o transact_v between_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a during_o the_o remainder_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n within_o that_o space_n die_v grono_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o prince_n council_n and_o short_o after_o he_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n who_o lie_v bury_v at_o vale-crucis_a a.d._n 1272_o but_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welch_n who_o die_v on_o the_o 16_o day_n of_o november_n this_o year_n leave_v this_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n edward_n prince_n edward_n be_v then_o in_o the_o holy-land_n and_o very_o active_a against_o those_o enemy_n of_o christianity_n the_o turk_n where_o he_o have_v already_o continue_v above_o a_o year_n but_o understand_v of_o his_o father_n death_n and_o that_o in_o his_o absence_n he_o be_v proclaim_v king_n of_o england_n he_o make_v all_o haste_n to_o return_v to_o receive_v the_o solemnity_n of_o coronation_n but_o what_o by_o the_o tediousness_n of_o the_o journey_n and_o what_o by_o be_v honourable_o detain_v at_o prince_n court_n in_o his_o way_n it_o be_v two_o year_n before_o he_o can_v get_v into_o england_n then_o upon_o the_o 15_o of_o august_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1274._o he_o be_v crown_v at_o westminster_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v summon_v to_o attend_v at_o his_o coronation_n but_o he_o flat_o refuse_v to_o appear_v unless_o upon_o sure_a term_n of_o safe_a conduct_n for_o have_v offend_v several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n he_o can_v not_o in_o safety_n pass_v through_o their_o country_n without_o the_o danger_n of_o expose_v his_o person_n to_o the_o inveterate_a malice_n and_o acceptable_a revenge_n of_o some_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o without_o the_o king_n brother_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o robert_n burnell_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n be_v deliver_v up_o as_o pledge_n for_o his_o safe_a conduct_n he_o will_v not_o come_v up_o to_o do_v his_o homage_n and_o fealty_n at_o his_o coronation_n according_a to_o the_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o and_o indeed_o see_v king_n edward_n have_v break_v the_o peace_n late_o conclude_v upon_o before_o the_o pope_n legate_n and_o do_v receive_v and_o honourable_o entertain_v such_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n as_o for_o their_o disloyalty_n be_v banish_v by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n by_o who_o he_o fear_v some_o treachery_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v he_o any_o subjection_n but_o by_o the_o breach_n of_o peace_n be_v exempt_v from_o all_o homage_n however_o prince_n lhewelyn_n to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o stubborness_n or_o disrespect_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o he_o refuse_v to_o come_v send_v up_o his_o reason_n by_o the_o abbot_n of_o ystratflur_n and_o conwey_n to_o robert_n kilwarby_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n then_o sit_v â—n_a convocation_n in_o the_o new-temple_n at_o london_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o england_n the_o archbishop_z of_o york_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n in_o convocation_n lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o lord_n of_o snowden_n send_v greeting_n we_o will_v have_v your_o lordship_n to_o understand_v that_o whereas_o former_o most_o terrible_a and_o incessant_a war_n be_v continual_o manage_v betwixt_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n and_o ourselves_o the_o same_o be_v at_o last_o compose_v and_o all_o matter_n of_o difference_n be_v adjust_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o excellency_n cardinal_n ottobonus_n the_o pope_n legate_n who_o have_v draw_v the_o article_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n agree_v upon_o they_o be_v sign_v and_o swear_v to_o not_o only_o by_o the_o kâ—ng_n but_o also_o the_o prince_n his_o son_n now_o king_n of_o england_n among_o these_o article_n be_v comprehend_v that_o we_o and_o our_o successor_n shall_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n the_o principality_n of_o wales_n so_o that_o all_o the_o welsh_a lord_n one_o baron_n except_v shall_v hold_v their_o barony_n and_o estate_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o we_o and_o shall_v pay_v their_o homage_n and_o fealty_n for_o the_o same_o to_o we_o we_o in_o like_a manner_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o beside_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v never_o offer_v to_o receive_v and_o entertain_v any_o of_o our_o enemy_n nor_o any_o such_o of_o our_o own_o subject_n as_o be_v lawful_o banish_v and_o exclude_v our_o dominion_n of_o wales_n nor_o by_o any_o mean_n defend_v and_o uphold_v such_o against_o we_o contrary_n to_o which_o article_n king_n edward_n have_v forcible_o seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o certain_a baron_n of_o wales_n of_o which_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v immemorable_o possess_v of_o and_o detain_v a_o barony_n which_o by_o the_o form_n of_o peace_n shall_v have_v be_v deliver_v to_o we_o and_o moreover_o have_v hitherto_o entertain_v david_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi our_o brother_n and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n with_o several_a other_o of_o our_o enemy_n who_o be_v outlaw_n and_o fugitive_n of_o our_o country_n and_o though_o we_o have_v often_o exhibit_v our_o grievance_n and_o complaint_n against_o they_o for_o destroy_v and_o pillage_n our_o country_n yet_o we_o can_v never_o obtain_v of_o the_o king_n any_o relief_n or_o redress_n for_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o injury_n we_o receive_v at_o their_o hand_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o still_o persist_v to_o commit_v waste_n and_o other_o outrage_n in_o our_o dominion_n and_o for_o all_o this_o he_o summons_v we_o to_o do_v he_o homage_n at_o a_o place_n which_o be_v altogether_o dangerous_a to_o our_o person_n where_o our_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o which_o be_v worse_o our_o own_o unnatural_a subject_n bear_v the_o great_a sway_n and_o respect_n with_o the_o the_o king_n and_o though_o we_o have_v allege_v several_a reason_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n why_o the_o place_n by_o he_o assign_v be_v nâ—t_o safe_a and_o indifferent_a for_o we_o to_o come_v and_o desire_v he_o to_o appoint_v another_o whereto_o we_o may_v with_o more_o safety_n resort_n or_o else_o that_o he_o will_v send_v commissioner_n to_o receive_v our_o oath_n and_o homage_n till_o he_o can_v more_o opportune_o receive_v they_o in_o person_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o assent_v to_o our_o just_a and_o reasonable_a request_n nor_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o reason_n we_o exhibit_v for_o our_o non-appearance_n therefore_o we_o desire_v your_o lordship_n earnest_o to_o weigh_v the_o dismal_a effect_n that_o will_v happen_v to_o the_o subject_n
the_o british_a race_n 8._o retire_v to_o alan_n king_n of_o little_a britain_n ibid._n learned_a in_o a_o vision_n to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o there_o shear_v a_o monk_n 10._o cadwallader_n with_o his_o brother_n owen_n gwynedh_n from_o north-wales_n in_o conjunction_n with_o several_a south_n wales_n lord_n make_v a_o horrible_a slaughter_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o south-wales_n 157_o 158._o cadwallader_n force_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o brother_n owen_n to_o ireland_n 163._o return_v with_o irish_a force_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o his_o brother_n make_v prisoner_n by_o the_o irish_a rescue_v by_o his_o brother_n 164._o escapes_n out_o of_o prison_n 171._o fly_n to_o england_n ibid._n his_o death_n and_o issue_n 200._o canterbury_n redeem_v by_o the_o citizen_n from_o be_v burn_v by_o the_o dane_n for_o 3000_o l._n 73._o betray_v afterward_o to_o they_o and_o burn_v 74._o caradoc_n king_n of_o north-wales_n fight_v and_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o saxon_n 21._o his_o pedigree_n ibid._n celibacy_n enjoin_v to_o the_o clergy_n in_o a_o synod_n hold_v at_o london_n 127._o christian_n faith_n pure_a in_o the_o british_a church_n 221._o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 328._o charles_n elder_a son_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 328._o civil_a war_n in_o wales_n and_o edwal_n son_n of_o meyric_n the_o indisputable_a heir_n set_v up_o in_o north-wales_n 67._o clare_n earl_n of_o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a stronghold_n in_o cardigan_n 177._o clynnoc_n fawr_fw-mi a_o abbey_n in_o arfon_n 11._o when_o and_o by_o who_o build_v 12._o endow_v by_o prince_n anarawd_n 39_o cnute_n the_o dane_n choose_v king_n and_o his_o cruelty_n to_o the_o english_a hostage_n 75._o return_v to_o england_n ibid._n the_o northumber_n submit_v to_o he_o 76._o besieges_n london_n be_v rout_v by_o edmund_n ibid._n combat_n edmund_n agree_v and_o divide_v england_n between_o they_o 78._o generous_o punish_v edmund_n ironside_n murder_n ibid._n marry_v emma_n edelred_n widow_n 80._o require_v a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o english_a ibid._n make_v a_o pompous_a journey_n to_o rome_n 82._o make_v the_o scot_n do_v he_o homage_n ibid._n die_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n harold_n harefoot_n 83._o conel_n prognosticate_a the_o norman_a invasion_n and_o success_n 100_o commotion_n in_o england_n 158._o conâ—n_o war_n between_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n howel_n 22._o dies_z 23._o his_o pedigree_n ibid._n conspiracy_n against_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a detect_v and_o the_o conspirator_n execute_v 104._o constable_n walter_n marry_v nest_n daughter_n and_o have_v the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n 116._o a_o strange_a passage_n relate_v by_o he_o to_o henry_n the_o first_o concern_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ibid._n crogens_n use_v as_o a_o term_n of_o reproach_n by_o the_o english_a to_o the_o welsh_a 223._o no_o reason_n for_o it_o 224._o cynric_a prince_n owen_n son_n slay_v 162._o d._n dane_n begin_v to_o disturb_v england_n 20_o 21._o they_o prevail_v and_o winter_n in_o england_n 28._o they_o take_v and_o destroy_v winchester_n 30._o kill_v osbright_n and_o elba_n king_n of_o northumberland_n 31._o slay_v edmund_n king_n of_o the_o angle_n ibid._n fought_n five_o battle_n with_o ethelred_n ibid._n they_o win_v london_n and_o redding_n 33._o rout_v by_o the_o westsaxons_a 34._o be_v defeat_v by_o alfred_n and_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n 37._o they_o harrass_n north-wales_n 39_o defeat_v by_o the_o armorican_a britain_n ibid._n force_a to_o rise_v from_o before_o exeter_n and_o spoil_v the_o sea-coast_n of_o wales_n 41._o receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_v 42._o they_o grow_v powerful_a not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o also_o in_o ireland_n 44._o thrice_o overthrow_v by_o the_o english_a 45._o cruel_o overthrow_v by_o tottenhale_n 46._o rout_v by_o king_n edward_n 48._o drive_a out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o king_n edmund_n 52._o force_v the_o english_a to_o pay_v the_o dane-gelt_a 65._o make_v a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o wales_n and_o have_v tribute_n pay_v they_o 66._o make_v fresh_a devastation_n in_o wales_n and_o england_n 70._o they_o be_v massacre_v by_o the_o english_a 71._o force_v the_o english_a nobility_n to_o buy_v their_o peace_n for_o 30000_o l._n 72._o they_o beat_v wolfkettel_n 73._o slay_v ethelstan_n and_o ransack_v the_o country_n 74_o dafydh_n ab_fw-la owen_n kill_v his_o brother_n howel_n in_o battle_n and_o gâ—ts_n to_o be_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 195._o secure_v â—is_n brother_n maelgon_n reduce_v anglesey_n and_o banish_v his_o brethren_n 202._o send_v a_o band_n of_o welch_n to_o accompany_v king_n henry_n into_o normandy_n ibid._n be_v dispossess_v by_o his_o elder_a brother_n son_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n 213._o ungrateful_a to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n for_o his_o liberty_n 224._o dafydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n do_v homage_n at_o gloucester_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 259._o be_v excommunicate_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n for_o detain_v his_o brother_n gruffydh_n in_o prison_n who_o he_o refuse_v to_o deliver_v at_o the_o king_n request_n 260._o submit_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 262._o carol_n the_o king_n to_o detain_v his_o brother_n gruffydh_n prisoner_n ibid._n engage_v the_o pope_n on_o his_o side_n against_o the_o king_n but_o he_o prove_v false_a 264._o fight_v the_o english_a often_o with_o various_a success_n ibid._n die_v without_o issue_n 268._o david_n st._n burn_v by_o the_o westsaxons_a 21._o destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n 45._o again_o by_o the_o dane_n 69._o destroy_v by_o stranger_n 107._o the_o cathedral_n sacrilegious_o rob_v 111._o make_a subject_n to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n 125._o dunstan_n st._n bishop_n of_o canterbury_n his_o prediction_n and_o death_n 61._o e._n easter_n the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n quarrel_n about_o the_o observation_n of_o it_o 18_o 19_o edgar_z advance_v to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o his_o brother_n edwin_n room_n 56._o he_o waste_v north-wales_n and_o agree_v for_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n ibid._n regulate_v drink_v vessel_n because_o of_o the_o dane_n excess_n 57_o row_v in_o his_o barge_n by_o six_o king_n on_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi 59_o edgar_z edeling_o proclaim_v king_n force_v into_o scotland_n 101._o receive_v to_o king_n william_n mercy_n 103._o edmund_n king_n of_o england_n death_n and_o the_o uncertain_a manner_n of_o it_o 53._o edmund_n ironside_n slay_v by_o edric_n son_n 78._o edwal_n foel_n and_o his_o brother_n elis_n fight_v the_o english_a and_o be_v slay_v 49._o their_o issue_n ibid._n edward_n send_v for_o from_o normandy_n and_o make_v king_n 86_o the_o confessor_n death_n 98._o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n invade_v wales_n and_o prevail_v 283._o insist_o upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submission_n without_o reserve_n 292._o set_v prince_n lhewelyn_n head_n upon_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o put_v his_o brother_n david_n to_o death_n 299._o subdue_v all_o wales_n ibid._n keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o aberconwey_a 307._o in_o necessity_n will_v taste_v no_o wine_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o soldier_n 308._o cut_v down_o all_o the_o wood_n in_o wales_n and_o build_v beumaris-castle_n 309._o edward_n of_o caernarvon_n first_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a blood_n 301._o receive_a homage_n at_o chester_n of_o all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o wales_n 310._o go_v far_o into_o the_o country_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n ibid._n edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n ii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 313._o edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n iii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 313_o his_o character_n and_o death_n 314._o edward_n son_n to_o henry_n vi_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 323._o murder_v ibid._n edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n vi_o create_a prince_n of_o walts_n murder_v 223._o edward_n vi_o incline_v to_o favour_v the_o welsh_a 323._o edward_n son_n to_o richard_n iii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 324._o edward_n son_n to_o henry_n viii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 325._o edwin_n king_n of_o england_n vicious_a dispossess_v and_o die_v 56._o egbert_n sole_a monarch_n in_o britain_n 25._o call_v the_o country_n england_n ibid._n he_o fight_v the_o dane_n 26._o eincon_n invite_v the_o norman_n into_o wales_n and_o persuade_v they_o to_o stay_v 112_o elfleda_n mercian_n queen_n her_o valiant_a act_n both_o against_o the_o dane_n and_o welch_n 46._o her_o death_n 47._o leave_v a_o daughter_n alfwyden_n disinherit_v by_o king_n edward_n ibid._n ethelwulph_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a pay_v peterpence_n to_o rome_n 29._o learned_a and_o devout_a ibid._n eye_n of_o several_a pluck_v out_o a_o barbarous_a custom_n 155._o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n invade_v wales_n 16._o in_o conjunction_n with_o adelred_n overthrow_v the_o britain_n ibid._n f._n flanders_n a_o part_n of_o it_o drown_v prejudicial_a to_o
canonize_v 160._o john_n k._n of_o england_n in_o his_o way_n to_o ireland_n through_o wales_n discharge_v a_o criminal_a that_o murder_v a_o priest_n 226._o famish_v will_n de_fw-fr bruce_n and_o maud_n his_o aunt_n at_o windsor_n after_o his_o return_n 227._o the_o reason_n of_o his_o cruelty_n and_o disaffection_n to_o priest_n ib._n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o wales_n and_o return_n without_o success_n 229_o 230._o make_v a_o second_o expedition_n ib._n order_n foulk_n viscount_n cardyff_fw-mi to_o subdue_v those_o that_o oppose_v in_o south-wales_n and_o they_o at_o last_o do_v he_o homage_n but_o quick_o revolt_v 231_o 232._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o wales_n 229._o make_v a_o second_o and_o three_o and_o hang_v the_o welsh_a pledge_n reconcile_v himself_o to_o rome_n and_o engage_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o his_o baron_n 237._o dies_z and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n henry_n 242._o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n revolt_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o salop_n 124._o base_o use_v by_o k._n henry_n for_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o 125._o deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n 133._o forbid_v owen_n and_o madawc_n to_o retire_v to_o his_o estate_n 134._o beset_v and_o slay_v by_o madawc_n and_o llywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahern_n 137._o joseph_n bishop_n of_o llandaff_n die_v at_o rome_n 88_o ireland_n molest_v with_o locust_n 42._o ithel_n king_n of_o gwent_n slay_v 28._o l._n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n make_v himself_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n 79._o his_o good_a government_n ib._n slay_v meuric_n that_o rebel_v against_o he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n 80._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 81._o base_o slay_v ibid._n lhewelyn_n p._n of_o north-wales_n take_v david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n prisoner_n 217._o receive_v homage_n of_o most_o of_o the_o welsh_a lord_n 222._o conquer_v gwenwynwyn_n country_n 225._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-w_n and_o maelgon_n flee_v 225_o 226._o marry_v joan_n king_n john_n daughter_n 224._o sue_v and_o obtain_v peace_n of_o the_o king_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o wife_n 231._o animate_v the_o lord_n of_o north-wales_n to_o join_v with_o he_o in_o a_o revolt_n against_o the_o king_n 233._o dispossess_v the_o english_a of_o all_o their_o hold_n in_o his_o country_n 237._o take_v shrewsbury_n though_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n 238._o subdue_v cardigan_n and_o carmarthen_n 240._o reconcile_v the_o â—onds_n in_o south-wales_n 241._o subdue_v powis_n 242._o refuse_v assistance_n to_o king_n john_n against_o the_o dauphine_n ibid._n make_v rynald_n bruce_n who_o have_v revolt_v submit_v to_o he_o â—43_n receive_v the_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o dyfed_a ibid._n subdue_v the_o revolt_a flemings_n again_o 246._o make_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n submit_v ibid._n complain_v of_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o young_a rhys_n adju_v matter_n with_o he_o 247._o seize_v the_o castle_n of_o william_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n in_o wales_n and_o occasion_n a_o war_n between_o they_o 247_o 248._o worst_n the_o english_a army_n pay_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 249._o destroy_v the_o march_n 252._o make_v a_o descent_n upon_o england_n 253._o be_v join_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n against_o king_n henry_n rout_v his_o army_n 254._o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o king_n territory_n 255._o make_v peace_n with_o the_o king_n 256._o set_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n at_o liberty_n ibid._n bury_v his_o princess_n joan_n 257._o force_a to_o quit_v the_o siege_n of_o ruthlan_n 258._o make_v the_o welsh_a do_v homage_n to_o his_o son_n david_n ibid._n die_n his_o character_n and_o issue_n â—59_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi and_o owen_n gôch_v his_o brother_n declare_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 269._o quarrel_n and_o owen_n with_o his_o brother_n david_n make_v close_a prisoner_n 271._o recover_v the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o waste_v cheshire_n ibid._n beat_v the_o irish_a by_o sea_n 273._o desire_n peace_n with_o the_o king_n but_o fail_v 277._o kind_a to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n 278._o make_v a_o peace_n by_o the_o pope_n mediation_n with_o the_o king_n 279._o refuse_v to_o attend_v upon_o king_n edward_n coronation_n 280._o the_o reason_n for_o his_o refusal_n 281._o a_o accident_n make_v he_o pliable_a 283._o severe_a condition_n of_o peace_n impose_v upon_o he_o 284._o marry_a to_o elinor_n earl_n montfords_n daughter_n at_o worcester_n 285._o reconcile_v with_o his_o brother_n david_n and_o join_v against_o the_o english_a 286._o offer_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n conditional_o 292._o send_v a_o letter_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o general_a answer_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o his_o proposal_n 293_o 294_o 295._o betray_v in_o buellt_n and_o kill_v 297._o london_n besiege_v by_o the_o dane_n 65._o m._n mahael_n dispossess_v of_o his_o inheritance_n by_o his_o unnatural_a mother_n nest_n mean_n and_o how_o 115._o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n stick_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n 173._o madawc_n reconcile_v to_o king_n henry_n 138._o take_a prisoner_n by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 139._o have_v his_o eye_n pull_v out_o by_o owen_n ibid._n madawc_n ab_fw-la owen_n gwynedh_n sail_v into_o america_n 196._o plant_n a_o colony_n there_o ib._n maelgon_n disturb_v south-wales_n 228._o beat_v by_o his_o nephew_n rhys_n and_o owen_n 229._o march_v earl_n of_o marry_v owen_n glyndwr_n daughter_n 318._o consent_v by_o indenture_n to_o divide_v england_n between_o owen_n piercy_n and_o himself_o 318._o maud_n the_o empress_n land_n in_o england_n and_o be_v receive_v at_o arundel_n 162._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n possess_v of_o all_o wales_n 64._o dispossess_v of_o north-wales_n 67._o and_o rout_v by_o edwal_n ap_fw-mi meuric_n their_o new_a prince_n 68_o die_v without_o issue_n male_a 69._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n make_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n 96._o slay_a in_o battle_n against_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 102._o meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 171._o meredith_n death_n and_o character_n 172._o merfyn_n frych_a be_v make_v king_n of_o wales_n 24._o be_v slay_v 27._o merlin_n ambrose_n and_o sylvester_n their_o time_n country_n and_o prophecy_n 10_o 11._o morgan_z hên_o die_v a_o hundred_o year_n old_a his_o marriage_n estate_n and_o issue_v 58._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi owen_n kill_v robert_n fitz-gilbert_n and_o his_o son_n 157._o slay_v 175._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi cadogan_n repent_v of_o his_o murder_n commit_v 156._o murder_n commit_v 156._o item_n 163._o n._n newmarch_n a_o norman_a obtain_v the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n and_o marry_v nest_n daughter_n to_o llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 115._o norman_n twice_o decimate_v and_o put_v to_o death_n in_o england_n 86._o they_o waste_v and_o plunder_v dyfe_v 103._o they_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n 113._o the_o name_n of_o the_o adventurer_n ibid._n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o several_a lordship_n in_o wales_n 117._o divers_a of_o they_o slay_v in_o cardigan_n ibid._n rout_v again_o by_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o their_o castle_n destroy_v 118._o slaughter_v divers_a time_n by_o the_o welsh_a and_o force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n 119_o 120._o northumberland_n invade_v by_o the_o scot_n 109._o o._n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n make_v a_o ditch_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n 20._o his_o death_n 21._o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n a_o traitor_n to_o his_o country_n 121._o make_a prince_n of_o wales_n by_o the_o english_a but_o soon_o lose_v it_o 122._o his_o death_n and_o pedigree_n 126._o owen_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n enamour_v of_o nest_n the_o wife_n of_o gerald_n king_n henry_n lieutenant_n in_o wales_n 129._o steal_v she_o away_o ibid._n fly_v into_o ireland_n 135._o return_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n in_o conjunction_n with_o maradoc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n 133._o his_o man_n slay_v a_o english_a bishop_n the_o cause_n of_o cadwgan_n his_o father_n be_v dispossess_v of_o his_o estate_n 135._o force_v to_o flee_v into_o ireland_n with_o madawc_n ibid._n return_n and_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 138._o divide_v madawc's_o estate_n between_o himself_o and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n 139._o flee_v for_o fear_n of_o king_n henry_n into_o north-wales_n 140._o reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 141._o owen_n be_v brave_a and_o knight_v in_o normandy_n 142._o employ_v by_o king_n henry_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n 148._o slay_v by_o gerald_n 149._o owen_n gwynedh_n succeed_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 160._o mighty_o concern_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n run_v 165._o take_v and_o race_n the_o castle_n of_o mould_n 166._o pull_v out_o his_o nephew_n cunedah_n eye_n and_o castrate_v he_o 170._o be_v provoke_v invade_v llandhinam_n 193._o dies_fw-la his_o character_n and_o issue_n 194._o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o owen_n fychan_n dispossess_v jorwerth_n gôch_o of_o his_o estate_n in_o powis_n 192._o cyfeilioc_fw-la dies_fw-la
that_o mean_n to_o have_v impose_v upon_o the_o world_n can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o upon_o so_o plain_a conviction_n of_o falsehood_n he_o will_v believe_v and_o give_v credit_n to_o a_o history_n which_o he_o be_v satisfy_v be_v altogether_o a_o fable_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a we_o find_v he_o assent_v to_o the_o story_n of_o brutus_n and_o the_o division_n of_o the_o island_n betwixt_o his_o three_o son_n and_o in_o short_a except_v in_o this_o one_o place_n he_o express_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o absolute_a votary_n of_o the_o british_a history_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o apprehend_v geoffrey_n to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o faithful_a translator_n of_o a_o ancient_a british_a copy_n i_o need_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n because_o that_o by_o the_o best_a account_n he_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v dead_a before_o geoffrey_n publish_v his_o history_n and_o consequent_o he_o can_v never_o see_v it_o so_o that_o this_o expression_n in_o he_o i._n lib._n i._n hic_fw-la est_fw-la arthurus_n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la britonum_fw-la nuge_n hodicque_n delirant_fw-la must_v likely_o refer_v to_o the_o then_o present_a tradition_n and_o account_n of_o the_o welsh_a concern_v king_n arthur_n which_o probable_o may_v be_v too_o great_a and_o extravagant_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o traditional_a account_n of_o any_o person_n or_o action_n the_o far_a it_o recede_v from_o the_o spring_n and_o original_a the_o more_o corrupt_a and_o imperfect_a it_o still_o proceed_v and_o like_o a_o ball_n of_o snow_n it_o gather_v and_o augment_v in_o its_o journey_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o the_o vulgar_a account_n which_o the_o welsh_a in_o malmsbury_n time_n deliver_v of_o king_n arthur_n be_v too_o far_o incredible_a and_o surprise_a but_o since_o the_o reason_n produce_v for_o prove_v geoffrey_n to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o british_a history_n seem_v not_o to_o be_v satisfactory_a and_o evince_a let_v we_o see_v whether_o the_o contrary_a assertion_n can_v be_v more_o reasonable_o maintain_v and_o first_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o geoffrey_n can_v not_o be_v the_o total_a inventor_n of_o the_o british_a history_n by_o reason_n that_o several_a thing_n and_o some_o of_o the_o most_o material_a passage_n therein_o contain_v be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o history_n of_o gildas_n and_o nennius_n the_o poetical_a fragment_n of_o taliessyn_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o saxon_a manuscript_n bede_n note_n upon_o bede_n quote_v by_o mr._n wheelock_n and_o other_o author_n far_o more_o ancient_a than_o geoffrey_n it_o be_v own_v indeed_o geoffrey_n may_v borrow_v the_o ground_n and_o platform_n of_o his_o romance_n from_o merlin_n or_o taliessyn_n or_o rather_o from_o nennius_n in_o who_o write_n there_o be_v some_o slight_a account_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o trojan_n but_o the_o superstructure_n be_v all_o his_o own_o who_o live_v in_o a_o ignorant_a age_n and_o well_o know_v he_o can_v not_o well_o be_v disprove_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o make_v what_o invention_n he_o please_v and_o then_o recommend_v it_o to_o the_o world_n for_o a_o true_a undoubted_a history_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o concession_n i_o think_v there_o be_v as_o little_a reason_n to_o attribute_v the_o frame_n and_o composition_n of_o this_o history_n to_o geoffrey_n as_o there_o can_v be_v to_o think_v he_o contriver_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o plot_n of_o it_o for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o unaccountable_a that_o if_o geoffrey_n be_v to_o invent_v and_o compose_v this_o history_n why_o in_o this_o account_n of_o the_o transaction_n betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o roman_n he_o shall_v so_o wide_o disagree_v with_o and_o deviate_v from_o the_o write_n of_o the_o roman_a historian_n for_o certain_o nothing_o can_v add_v more_o authority_n to_o a_o fable_n than_o exact_o to_o follow_v the_o step_n of_o creditable_a author_n in_o those_o thing_n they_o both_o have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o this_o in_o all_o probability_n will_v not_o only_o render_v that_o part_n of_o the_o history_n unsuspicious_a but_o likewise_o credit_n and_o authorize_v the_o rest_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o account_n in_o roman_a author_n and_o this_o disagreement_n betwixt_o the_o british_a history_n and_o the_o write_n of_o the_o roman_a historian_n though_o frequent_o produce_v to_o overthrow_v the_o authority_n of_o it_o induce_v i_o to_o believe_v not_o only_o that_o geoffrey_n be_v not_o the_o author_n but_o likewise_o that_o the_o manuscript_n be_v ancient_a and_o much_o elder_a than_o the_o time_n in_o which_o it_o be_v first_o make_v public_a but_o beside_o geoffrey_n dedicate_v his_o translation_n to_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n son_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n he_o will_v never_o have_v venture_v to_o do_v have_v the_o original_a be_v of_o his_o own_o contrivance_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o cheat_n be_v discover_v he_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o put_v upon_o a_o person_n of_o eminent_a quality_n with_o who_o the_o british_a history_n be_v then_o in_o great_a esteem_n for_o to_o he_o it_o be_v that_o geoffrey_n own_v the_o receipt_n of_o this_o manuscript_n from_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o oxford_n which_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v very_o ancient_a and_o by_o his_o request_n be_v persuade_v to_o translate_v it_o into_o the_o latin_a tongue_n it_o be_v a_o very_a easy_a matter_n for_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n to_o find_v out_o geoffrey_n integrity_n by_o inquire_v of_o the_o archdeacon_n who_o by_o all_o account_n be_v reckon_v his_o co-temporary_a whether_o he_o have_v deliver_v such_o a_o ancient_a british_a copy_n into_o geoffrey_n hand_n and_o whether_o the_o translation_n just_o answer_v the_o original_a these_o inquiry_n be_v natural_a upon_o the_o publication_n of_o any_o new_a history_n which_o make_v such_o considerable_a noise_n and_o clamour_n in_o the_o world_n and_o which_o give_v such_o a_o account_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n as_o be_v never_o before_o thought_n or_o hear_v of_o among_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o suppose_v the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n to_o have_v omit_v these_o inquiry_n yet_o it_o be_v scarce_o conceivable_a but_o that_o in_o case_n of_o so_o open_a a_o forgery_n the_o archdeacon_n will_v discover_v the_o cheat_n unless_o it_o can_v be_v think_v that_o he_o be_v privy_a to_o and_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o the_o contrivance_n but_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o detect_v geoffrey_n imposture_n that_o he_o himself_o own_v too_o to_o have_v translate_v the_o british_a history_n first_o into_o latin_a and_o then_o in_o his_o latter_a day_n to_o british_a again_o from_o the_o latin_a as_o may_v he_o still_o see_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o jesus-college_n library_n now_o if_o there_o be_v any_o heed_n to_o or_o dependence_n upon_o this_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o archdeacon_n do_v translate_v and_o consequent_o allow_v of_o this_o history_n it_o appear_v very_o evident_a to_o i_o that_o geoffrey_n can_v be_v in_o no_o wise_a the_o author_n or_o contriver_n of_o it_o but_o that_o robert_n of_o gloucester_n take_v a_o fancy_n to_o geoffrey_n translation_n more_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o his_o father_n have_v late_o subdue_v the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o seem_v to_o add_v to_o his_o father_n glory_n than_o that_o he_o do_v credit_n and_o believe_v the_o history_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o true_a and_o evince_a for_o wherein_o can_v the_o publication_n of_o this_o history_n contribute_v to_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o father_n name_n be_v it_o because_o he_o have_v conquer_a a_o people_n who_o ancestor_n appear_v by_o this_o history_n to_o be_v former_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a this_o be_v perform_v by_o other_o before_o he_o and_o i_o can_v conceive_v no_o great_a addition_n to_o any_o man_n fame_n to_o conquer_v a_o handful_n of_o people_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n though_o their_o forefather_n have_v be_v stout_a and_o victorious_a this_o be_v sure_o too_o slight_a a_o pretence_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o british_a history_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o too_o weak_a a_o argument_n to_o destroy_v the_o truth_n and_o authority_n of_o it_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o take_v exceed_v well_o in_o the_o world_n at_o that_o time_n nor_o be_v it_o oppose_v till_o after_o robert_n death_n when_o william_n of_o newborough_n more_o out_o of_o malice_n and_o discontent_n than_o any_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o truth_n begin_v to_o charge_v both_o the_o original_a and_o translator_n with_o insincerity_n i_o can_v see_v upon_o the_o whole_a the_o least_o reason_n why_o the_o contrivance_n and_o invention_n of_o this_o history_n shall_v he_o attribute_v to_o geoffrey_n or_o that_o the_o authority_n of_o it_o depend_v any_o way_n upon_o he_o more_o than_o the_o fidelity_n of_o his_o translation_n i_o shall_v
he_o be_v â—â—le_a to_o draw_v together_o not_o doubt_v the_o conquest_n of_o â—â—me_n part_n of_o britain_n in_o case_n the_o whole_a shall_v prove_v recoverable_a he_o be_v the_o more_o encourage_v to_o this_o expedition_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o advantage_n be_v like_a to_o 〈◊〉_d his_o own_o and_o no_o one_o can_v challenge_v the_o government_n of_o britain_n in_o case_n fortune_n shall_v deliver_v it_o to_o â—â—s_o hand_n cadwallader_n be_v go_v to_o rome_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n never_o to_o return_v his_o son_n edwal_n ywrch_n or_o â—â—e_v roe_n be_v young_a and_o under_o the_o tuition_n of_o alan_n 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o event_n of_o this_o expedition_n must_v of_o necessity_n â—ll_o to_o himself_o or_o by_o his_o concession_n to_o his_o son_n ivor_n â—ho_fw-mi be_v to_o be_v chief_a in_o the_o undertake_n have_v rise_v a_o considerable_a army_n consist_v chief_o of_o his_o â—wn_a subject_n with_o what_o remain_v of_o the_o britainsâ—â—at_n â—â—at_z come_v over_o with_o king_n cadwaladar_n he_o dispatch_v 〈◊〉_d for_o britain_n under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o son_n ivor_n use_v his_o nephew_n ynyr_n they_o safe_o land_v in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o britain_n which_o put_v the_o saxon_n inâ—â—_n so_o great_a a_o fright_a that_o immediate_o they_o draw_v up_o â—â—l_v their_o power_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o to_o hinder_v their_o progress_n into_o the_o country_n the_o britain_n though_o somewhat_o fatigue_v with_o their_o voyage_n however_o give_v â—hem_fw-mi battle_n and_o after_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o â—axons_n possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o country_n of_o cornwall_n devon_n and_o somersetshires_n this_o prove_v a_o fortunate_a beginning_n for_o the_o britain_n and_o give_v they_o â—reat_a hope_n of_o far_a success_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o country_n but_o that_o can_v not_o be_v expect_v without_o great_a opposition_n and_o several_a hot_a engagement_n wâ—â—â—_n the_o saxon_n this_o they_o be_v immediate_o make_v seâ—sible_a of_o for_o they_o have_v scarce_o time_n to_o breath_n and_o to_o â—â—cover_v their_o spirit_n after_o the_o last_o battle_n but_o kentwiâ—â—_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a march_v against_o they_o wiâ—â—_n a_o powerful_a army_n consist_v of_o saxon_n and_o anglâ—â—_n the_o britain_n resolve_v to_o fight_v they_o but_o whilst_o boâ—â—_n army_n be_v in_o view_n of_o each_o other_o they_o think_v more_o adviseable_a to_o cease_v from_o any_o hostility_n and_o 〈◊〉_d enter_v into_o article_n of_o composition_n ivor_n seem_v already_o satisfy_v with_o his_o conquest_n and_o willinâ—â—â—_n agree_v to_o marry_v ethelberga_n kentwyn_n cousin_n aâ—â—_n peaceable_o to_o enjoy_v for_o his_o life_n so_o much_o as_o he_o be_v already_o in_o possession_n of_o this_o he_o faithful_o observe_v â—â—ring_v the_o reign_n of_o kentwyn_n and_o his_o nephew_n cadâ—â—_n who_o after_o two_o year_n resign_v the_o kingdom_n of_o 〈◊〉_d westsaxons_a to_o his_o cousin_n ivor_n and_o now_o ivor_n wâ—â—â—_n become_v unexpected_o powerful_a be_v king_n as_o wâ—â—â—_n of_o the_o saxon_n as_o britain_n that_n inhabit_v the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o island_n he_o be_v now_o able_a to_o â—â—dertake_v somewhat_o considerable_a and_o therefore_o begâ—â—_n to_o fall_v foul_a upon_o his_o neighbour_n the_o king_n of_o kâ—â—â—_n the_o westsaxons_a and_o mercia_n who_o he_o vanquishâ—â—_n in_o several_a battle_n but_o be_v at_o length_n tire_v with_o tâ—â—_n weight_n of_o government_n he_o go_v to_o rome_n after_o tâ—â—_n example_n of_o cadwallader_n and_o resign_v the_o rule_n of_o 〈◊〉_d saxon_n to_o his_o cousin_n adelred_n leave_v the_o britain_n 〈◊〉_d the_o care_n of_o roderick_n molwynoc_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n ywâ—â—_n this_o ivor_n found_v the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n callâ—â—_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n ynys_n avalon_n where_o there_o 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o christian_a church_n for_o several_a year_n before_o aâ—â—_n the_o first_o that_o be_v ever_o erect_v in_o britain_n for_o josâ—â—â—_n of_o arimathea_n be_v send_v by_o philip_n the_o apostle_n in_o tâ—â—_n day_n of_o arviragus_n an._n chr._n 53._o to_o preach_v the_o gosâ—â—â—_n in_o britain_n seat_v himself_o here_o and_o build_v a_o chuâ—â—â—_n for_o the_o british_a christian_n this_o church_n afterwards_o ivor_n convert_v into_o a_o abbey_n which_o he_o endowâ—â—_n with_o very_o large_a possession_n be_v famous_a for_o tâ—â—_n burying-place_n of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n and_o kiâ—â—_n arthur_n he_o bestow_v also_o some_o land_n upon_o tâ—â—_n church_n of_o winchester_n but_o there_o happen_v several_a casualty_n in_o his_o time_n brythâ—_n a_o subject_a to_o egfride_n king_n of_o northumberland_n â—assed_v over_o to_o ireland_n and_o waste_v and_o destroy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o â—is_n reign_v their_o happen_v a_o remarkable_a earthquake_n â—n_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o much_o disturb_a and_o annoy_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v it_o rain_v blood_n both_o in_o britain_n and_o in_o ireland_n this_o occasion_v the_o butter_n and_o milk_n to_o resemble_v the_o colour_n of_o blood_n â—nd_v two_o year_n after_o the_o moon_n also_o appear_v all_o bloody_a these_o accident_n of_o nature_n may_v probable_o presage_v â—ome_o tumult_n and_o disturbance_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v very_o great_a in_o his_o time_n for_o he_o be_v almost_o in_o perpetual_a hostility_n with_o the_o king_n of_o kent_n west-sex_n and_o mercia_n which_o occasion_v great_a bloodshed_n and_o slaughter_n in_o britain_n his_o journey_n to_o romeâ—ut_v â—ut_z a_o end_n to_o all_o these_o commotion_n from_o whence_o he_o â—ever_o do_v return_v but_o end_v his_o day_n there_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o piety_n and_o religion_n roderick_n molwynoc_n the_o government_n of_o the_o britain_n ivor_n resign_v a.d._n 720_o to_o roderick_n molwinoc_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n ywrch_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n an._n 720._o but_o adelred_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a be_v displease_v that_o ivor_n have_v not_o bestow_v upon_o he_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o trouble_v and_o plague_n roderick_n and_o his_o britain_n he_o raise_v immediate_o a_o powerful_a army_n and_o with_o all_o his_o force_n march_v to_o devonshire_n which_o he_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n from_o whence_o he_o proceed_v to_o cornwall_n intend_v to_o make_v that_o country_n sensible_a of_o the_o same_o misery_n but_o he_o come_v far_o short_a of_o his_o expectation_n for_o upon_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o country_n the_o britain_n oppose_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n where_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o his_o own_o dominion_n this_o victory_n the_o britain_n call_v gwaeth_n heilyn_n from_o thâ—_n a.d._n 721_o place_n where_o this_o battle_n be_v fight_v the_o year_n follow_v the_o britain_n again_o obtain_v two_o notable_a victory_n over_o the_o saxon_n the_o one_o at_o a_o place_n call_v gaâ—â—_n maclawch_v in_o north-wales_n the_o other_o at_o pencoct_v in_o south-wales_n but_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n which_o the_o brâ—tains_v entertain_v of_o these_o success_n be_v somewhâ—â—_n abate_v by_o the_o death_n of_o belin_n the_o son_n of_o elphin_n 〈◊〉_d man_n of_o noble_a birth_n and_o great_a worth_n among_o theâ—_n about_o the_o same_o time_n celredus_n king_n of_o mercia_n dieâ—_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o ethelbaldus_fw-la who_o be_v veâ—â—desirous_a to_o annex_v that_o fertile_a and_o pleasant_a countrâ—_n lie_v between_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o wye_n to_o hâ—â—_n kingdom_n of_o mercia_n enter_v wales_n with_o a_o puissant_a army_n he_o destroy_v and_o ravage_v the_o country_n bâ—fore_fw-mi he_o to_o carno_n a_o mountain_n lie_v not_o far_o froâ—_n abergavenny_n where_o he_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o â—_z between_o who_o a_o bloody_a and_o sore_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o the_o year_n 728._o but_o the_o victory_n prove_v very_o dubitable_a a.d._n 733_o not_o long_o after_o die_v venerable_a bede_n who_o be_v educate_v and_o bring_v up_o in_o the_o abbey_n of_o wyrnetham_n 〈◊〉_d jarewe_n a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o extensiâ—â—_n knowledge_n who_o write_v several_a book_n one_o of_o whicâ—_n entitle_v the_o ecclesiastical_a history_n of_o the_o english_a nâ—tion_n he_o dedicate_v to_o cleolwolfe_n king_n of_o northumbeâ—land_n the_o same_o time_n adeir_v king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n unite_v their_o foâ—ces_n and_o joint_o march_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o britaâ—â—â—_n the_o welsh_a be_v now_o put_v to_o very_o hard_a strait_n anâ—_n force_v to_o oppose_v the_o numerous_a army_n of_o two_o powerful_a king_n however_o fight_v they_o must_v or_o suffer_v thâ—â—_n country_n to_o be_v miserable_o overrun_v by_o their_o invetered_a enemy_n both_o army_n be_v engage_v a_o very_a dismal_a battle_n ensue_v thereupon_o and_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n happen_v on_o both_o side_n but_o the_o saxon_n prevail_v by_o the_o number_n of_o their_o
chad_n stand_v he_o be_v a_o great_a friend_n and_o a_o favourer_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n who_o part_n he_o take_v against_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v set_v on_o by_o augustine_n the_o monk_n to_o prosecute_v they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n because_o they_o will_v not_o forsake_v the_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o church_n and_o conform_v to_o those_o of_o rome_n merfyn_n frych_n and_o esylht_n conan_n be_v dead_a merfyn_n frych_n and_o his_o wife_n esylht_n who_o be_v sole_a heir_n to_o conan_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n or_o principality_n of_o wales_n this_o merfyn_n be_v king_n of_o man_n and_o son_n to_o gwyriat_n and_o nest_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadelh_n ap_fw-mi brochwel_fw-mi ap_fw-mi elis_n king_n of_o powy_n howel_n be_v forcible_o eject_v out_o of_o anglesey_n by_o his_o brother_n conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o escape_v to_o the_o island_n of_o man_n be_v honourable_o and_o kind_o receive_v by_o merfyn_n in_o return_n of_o who_o civility_n howel_n use_v such_o mean_n afterward_o that_o merfyn_n marry_v esylht_v the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n though_o other_o say_v that_o he_o die_v present_o after_o his_o escape_n to_o merfyn_n howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v for_o about_o five_o year_n enjoy_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n and_o other_o land_n in_o the_o north_n give_v he_o by_o merfyn_n to_o hold_v under_o he_o dye_v about_o the_o year_n 825_o after_o who_o death_n they_o again_o return_v to_o merfyn_n who_o ancestor_n have_v always_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o so_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o esylht_n the_o isle_n of_o man_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o reign_n egbert_n the_o powerful_a king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n enter_v with_o a_o mighty_a army_n into_o wales_n destroy_v and_o waste_v the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n hill_n and_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o rhyvoniec_n in_o denbighland_n about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o very_a sore_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o anglesey_n between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o welsh_a call_v from_o the_o place_n where_o this_o fight_n happen_v the_o battle_n of_o lhanvaes_n a.d._n 819_o fortune_n seem_v all_o this_o while_n to_o frown_v upon_o the_o welsh_a and_o their_o affair_n succeed_v very_o ill_a for_o short_o after_o that_o egbert_n have_v advance_v his_o colour_n as_o far_o as_o snowden_n kenulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o west_n wales_n overran_a and_o destroy_a â—owis-land_n and_o great_o disturb_v and_o incommoded_a â—he_n welch_n nation_n soon_o after_o this_o kenulph_n die_v â—nd_n be_v succeed_v by_o kenelm_n and_o he_o in_o a_o short_a â—â—me_n by_o ceolwulph_n who_o after_o two_o year_n reign_n leave_v â—he_v kingdom_n of_o mercia_n to_o bernulph_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n be_v grow_v very_o strong_a and_o powerful_a able_a to_o reduce_v all_o the_o petty_a kingdom_n in_o britain_n under_o one_o single_a monarchy_n upon_o â—he_n thought_n of_o which_o he_o set_v upon_o bernulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n and_o vanquish_v he_o at_o elledowne_n and_o afterward_o bring_v under_o subjection_n the_o country_n of_o kent_n and_o of_o the_o west_n angle_n but_o the_o britain_n can_v â—ot_n be_v so_o easy_o subdue_v for_o after_o a_o long_a and_o a_o cruel_a â—ight_n at_o gavelford_n between_o they_o and_o the_o west_n saxon_n of_o devonshire_n in_o which_o several_a thousand_o be_v â—â—ain_o on_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n remain_v uncertain_a he_o have_v better_a success_n against_o wyhtlafe_a king_n of_o mercia_n a.d._n 829_o who_o dominion_n he_o easy_o add_v to_o his_o now_o increase_a monarchy_n and_o pass_v humber_n he_o quick_o â—educed_v that_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n be_v now_o become_v one_o kingdom_n and_o egâ—ert_v sole_a monarch_n of_o all_o the_o country_n that_o the_o saxonsâ—ossessed_v â—ossessed_z in_o britain_n which_o name_n he_o order_v shall_v â—e_v change_v to_o england_n his_o people_n to_o be_v call_v enâ—lishmen_n and_o the_o language_n english_a they_o who_o come_v over_o out_o of_o germany_n into_o this_o â—sland_n to_o aid_v the_o britain_n against_o their_o enemy_n the_o pict_n and_o scot_n be_v partly_o saxon_n angles_n and_o outhe_n from_o the_o first_o of_o which_o come_v the_o people_n of_o essex_n suffex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o westsaxons_a from_o â—he_n angle_n the_o east_n angle_n the_o mercian_n and_o they_o â—hat_n inhabit_v the_o north_n side_n of_o humber_n from_o the_o juthe_n the_o kentishman_n and_o they_o that_o settle_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n these_o german_n after_o that_o they_o have_v drive_v â—he_n britain_n beyond_o severn_n and_o dee_n erect_v seven_o kingdom_n call_v the_o heptarchy_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o â—he_n island_n whereof_o 1._o kent_n 2._o of_o the_o south-saxons_a contain_v sussex_n and_o surrey_n 3._o the_o east-angle_n in_o norfolk_n suffolk_n and_o cambridgshire_n 4._o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a comprehend_v berkshire_n devonshire_n somersetshire_n and_o cornwall_n 5._o mercia_n contain_v gloucester_n hereford_n worcester_z shropshire_n stafford_n cheshire_n warwick_n leicester_n derby_n nottingham_n lincoln_n northampton_n oxford_n buckingham_z bedford_z and_o half_a hartfordshire_n 6_o the_o east-saxons_a contain_v essex_n middlesex_n and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o hartford_n 7._o of_o the_o northumbrian_n take_v in_o all_o the_o country_n beyond_o hamber_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n deyra_n and_o bernicia_n the_o first_o from_o humber_n to_o tyne_n the_o other_o from_o tyne_n to_o the_o scottish_a sea_n egbert_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v several_o conquer_v these_o kingdom_n annex_v they_o together_o and_o comprehend_v they_o under_o one_o monarchy_n which_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 96â—_n year_n after_o the_o come_n of_o brute_n to_o this_o island_n 383_o year_n after_o the_o land_n of_o hengist_n and_o 149_o after_o the_o departure_n of_o cadwallader_n to_o rome_n egbert_n have_v thus_o unite_v under_o one_o government_n these_o several_a kingdom_n which_o use_v continual_o molest_v and_o to_o encroach_v upon_o each_o other_o territory_n may_v reasonable_o have_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v his_o neâ—â—_n a.d._n 883_o kingdom_n quiet_o and_o not_o fear_v any_o disturbance_n oâ—_n trouble_v in_o his_o dominion_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v hâ—_n establish_v king_n of_o england_n but_o the_o dane_n begin_v 〈◊〉_d threaten_v new_a commotion_n and_o land_v in_o great_a number_n and_o in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n egberâ—_n fight_v several_a battle_n with_o they_o and_o with_o varioâ—â—_n success_n at_o length_n the_o dane_n land_v in_o west-wales_n march_v forward_o for_o england_n be_v join_v by_o a_o greaâ—_n number_n of_o welch_n and_o meet_v egbert_n upon_o hengist_n doâ—â—_n where_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v and_o the_o dane_n pâ—â—_n to_o a_o total_a rout_n the_o welsh_a suffer_v severe_o fâ—â—_n this_o egbert_n be_v high_o incense_v that_o the_o danâ—â—_n be_v support_v by_o they_o lay_v siege_n to_o caer_n lheon_n 〈◊〉_d dhyfrdwy_n or_o chester_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o venedotiâ—â—_n which_o hitherto_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n and_z among_o other_o tokeâ—_n of_o his_o indignation_n he_o cause_v the_o brazen_a effigy_n oâ—_n cadwalhon_n king_n of_o britain_n to_o be_v pull_v down_o and_o deface_v and_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n forbid_v the_o erect_v 〈◊〉_d such_o again_o he_o issue_v out_o also_o a_o proclamation_n by_o thâ—_n instigation_n of_o his_o wife_n redburga_n who_o always_o bear_v a_o inveterate_a malice_n to_o the_o welsh_a command_v all_o that_o â—ere_z any_o way_n extract_v from_o british_a blood_n to_o deâ—art_v with_o all_o their_o effect_n out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n within_o â—â—x_n month_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n these_o be_v very_o â—â—vere_a and_o insupportable_a term_n but_o he_o do_v not_o live_v â—ong_a to_o see_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o die_v short_o â—fter_o the_o battle_n of_o hengestdown_n he_o be_v succeed_v by_o â—on_n ethelwulph_n this_o king_n ethelwulph_n marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o berthr_v who_o be_v his_o tributary_n king_n of_o mercia_n by_o who_o help_n he_o successful_o oppose_v the_o â—ruel_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o miserable_o destroy_v the_o seacoast_n of_o england_n with_o fire_n and_o 〈◊〉_d these_o danish_a commotion_n be_v indifferent_o well_o appease_v berthred_a king_n of_o mercia_n set_v â—pon_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o remarkable_a battle_n â—as_v seek_v at_o a_o place_n call_v kettell_n where_o merfyn_n â—rych_a king_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v kill_v leave_v to_o â—â—cceed_v he_o in_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n his_o son_n roâ—eric_a mawr_z or_o the_o great_a roderic_n the_o great_a merfyn_n frych_n have_v lose_v his_o life_n and_o with_o it_o his_o a.d._n 843_o kingdom_n in_o
the_o battle_n of_o kettell_n his_o son_n roderic_n surname_v the_o great_a without_o any_o opposition_n or_o contest_v succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o effect_v after_o his_o advancement_n to_o â—he_n crown_n be_v the_o divide_n of_o wales_n into_o several_a province_n which_o he_o distinguish_v into_o these_o three_o aberffraw_n dinevowr_n and_o mathraval_n berthred_a king_n â—f_n mercia_n be_v animate_v by_o his_o late_a success_n against_o merfyn_n frych_n purpose_v to_o perform_v the_o like_a exploit_n â—gainst_a his_o son_n roderic_n and_o have_v gain_v the_o aid_n â—nd_v assistance_n of_o king_n ethelwulph_n he_o enter_v north_n wales_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n which_o he_o cruel_o and_o miserable_o destroy_v roderic_n meet_v he_o several_a time_n and_o the_o welsh_a do_v at_o length_n so_o gall_n and_o torment_v he_o that_o in_o fine_a he_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o boast_v of_o 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ithel_n king_n of_o gwent_n or_o wâ—ntland_n for_o what_o occasion_n not_o know_v fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o meâ—_n of_o brecknock_n who_o be_v so_o resolute_a as_o to_o fight_v he_o and_o the_o event_n prove_v very_o unfortunate_a to_o ithel_n whâ—_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n it_o be_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o a_o nation_n that_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a petty_a state_n when_o it_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o no_o danger_n from_o a_o outward_a enemy_n that_o it_o will_v fall_v at_o variance_n and_o create_v disturbance_n among_o itself_o have_v the_o britain_n instead_o of_o fall_v upon_o one_o another_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n wheâ—_n the_o saxon_n be_v altogether_o employ_v in_o oppose_v and_o repel_v the_o dane_n to_o increase_v and_o strengthen_v their_o number_n and_o to_o fortify_v their_o town_n they_o may_v aâ—_n lest_o secure_o have_v possess_v their_o own_o dominion_n 〈◊〉_d not_o extend_v their_o government_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o england_n but_o a_o sort_n of_o a_o equality_n in_o power_n beget_v aâ—_n emulation_n between_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o this_o emulation_n for_o the_o most_o part_n end_v in_o blow_n and_o contention_n so_o that_o instead_o of_o strengthen_v themselves_o whilst_o they_o have_v respite_n from_o the_o english_a they_o rather_o weaken_v their_o power_n by_o inward_a difference_n kongen_fw-mi king_n of_o powy_n be_v go_v to_o rome_n there_o to_o a.d._n 854_o â—end_n his_o day_n peaceable_o and_o religious_o but_o his_o death_n do_v not_o prove_v so_o natural_a as_o he_o expect_v be_v barbarous_o slay_v or_o as_o some_o say_v choke_v by_o his_o own_o servant_n short_o after_o die_v cemoyth_fw-mi king_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o jonathan_n lord_n of_o abergeley_n it_o be_v now_o become_v customary_a for_o prince_n weary_v with_o government_n to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o the_o pope_n willing_o dispense_v with_o the_o resignation_n of_o their_o crown_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o holiness_n seldom_o lose_v by_o it_o king_n ethelwulph_n pay_v very_o dear_a for_o his_o entertainment_n there_o make_v his_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o pay_v the_o peterpence_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o saxon_a genealogist_n bring_v the_o pedigree_n of_o ethelwulph_n for_o several_a succession_n and_o generation_n up_o to_o adam_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n who_o in_o like_a manner_n derive_v the_o pedigree_n of_o offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n this_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o most_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a and_o be_v always_o practise_v by_o they_o who_o family_n be_v any_o thing_n ancient_a and_o honourable_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n to_o scoff_n at_o and_o deride_v the_o welsh_a because_o they_o keep_v up_o this_o ancient_a and_o laudable_a custom_n berthred_a king_n of_o mercia_n become_v at_o length_n far_o â—oo_o weak_a to_o repel_v the_o daily_a increase_a power_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o so_o numerous_o pour_v upon_o he_o that_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v to_o relinquish_v his_o kingdom_n and_o fly_v to_o rome_n where_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o sorrowful_o end_v his_o day_n ethelwulph_n short_o follow_v and_o leave_v his_o son_n athelbald_a king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o athelbright_n king_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o east-saxons_a ethelwulph_n be_v report_v to_o be_v so_o learned_a and_o devout_a that_o the_o church_n of_o winchester_n elect_v he_o in_o his_o youth_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_v which_o function_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o about_o seven_o year_n before_o he_o be_v make_v king_n he_o be_v say_v also_o to_o have_v conquer_a the_o kingdom_n of_o demetia_n or_o south-wales_n which_o together_o with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o south-saxons_a he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o son_n alfred_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v bring_v a_o thousand_o man_n out_o of_o wales_n to_o winchester_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o his_o brother_n ethelbert_n against_o the_o dane_n athelbald_n succeed_a his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a keep_v his_o mother-in-law_n the_o wife_n of_o ethelwulph_n for_o hiâ—_n concubine_n and_o afterward_o marry_v she_o in_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n but_o he_o do_v not_o live_v long_o to_o enjoy_v the_o unnatural_a conjunction_n but_o die_v without_o issâ—_n after_o that_o he_o have_v reign_v eight_o year_n leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n athelbright_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o dane_n begin_v again_o to_o be_v stir_v themselves_o and_o fall_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o winchester_n and_o destroy_v it_o which_o athelbright_n perceive_v after_o a_o long_o fight_v force_v they_o to_o quit_v the_o land_n and_o tâ—_n betake_v themselves_o to_o sea_n again_o but_o the_o dane_n quick_o return_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n where_o they_o remain_v for_o that_o winter_n do_v much_o mischief_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o destroy_v all_o place_n near_o the_o shoaâ—_n of_o england_n the_o english_a be_v very_o glad_a that_o they_o dare_v venture_v no_o further_o and_o the_o more_o because_o the_o welsh_a begin_v again_o to_o be_v troublesome_a against_o whoâ—_n a_o army_n must_v be_v speedy_o dispatch_v otherwise_o they_o will_v certain_o advance_v to_o the_o english_a country_n both_o army_n meet_v at_o greythen_n where_o a_o fierce_a battle_n be_v fight_v and_o a_o great_a number_n slay_v on_o either_o side_n but_o the_o victory_n be_v not_o plain_o discoverable_a bâ—â—_n the_o welch_n not_o long_o after_o receive_v a_o considerable_a loâ—_n by_o the_o death_n of_o conan_n nâ—rit_fw-fr nifer_n a_o stout_a and_o skilful_a commander_n who_o oftentimes_o have_v valiant_o repulse_v the_o english_a force_n and_o obtain_v many_o signâ—â—_n victory_n over_o they_o the_o dane_n have_v be_v for_o some_o time_n quiet_a be_v â—â—able_a to_o venture_v upon_o any_o considerable_a action_n anâ—_n therefore_o they_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o secure_v only_a whâ—_n they_o have_v already_o win_v and_o to_o expect_v a_o re-inforcement_n from_o their_o own_o country_n this_o be_v quick_o send_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o hungare_n and_o hubâ—â—â—_n who_o land_v in_o england_n with_o a_o very_a considerable_a armâ—_n of_o dane_n king_n athelbright_n whether_o terrify_v with_o a_o dismal_a apprehension_n of_o these_o invader_n or_o otherwise_o be_v indispose_v quick_o afterward_o give_v up_o the_o ghost_n leave_v the_o management_n of_o his_o kingdom_n together_o with_o that_o of_o his_o army_n against_o the_o dane_n to_o his_o brother_n ethelred_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n â—ot_n sure_a foot_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o york_n which_o â—hey_n miserable_o destroy_v kill_v osbright_n and_o elbaâ—wo_n â—wo_z king_n of_o northumberland_n that_o oppose_v they_o â—rom_o hence_o they_o proceed_v and_o overrun_v all_o the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o nottingham_n destroy_v and_o spoil_v all_o before_o they_o and_o then_o return_v back_o to_o york_n â—ut_fw-la have_v once_o taste_v
fight_v withâ—â—_n and_o rahald_v be_v slay_v and_o the_o rest_n compel_v to_o â—â—swear_v the_o king_n land_n and_o never_o to_o return_v any_o â—ore_o to_o england_n king_n edward_n to_o prevent_v any_o fuâ—â—re_a disturbance_n from_o such_o open_a invader_n cause_v a_o â—â—rong_a army_n to_o be_v quarter_v upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o â—â—vern_n but_o the_o dane_n for_o all_o he_o can_v do_v enter_v â—â—vice_n into_o his_o country_n once_o at_o werd_n and_o then_o at_o â—ortogan_n but_o be_v both_o time_n overthrow_v by_o the_o â—nglish_fw-fr from_o thence_o they_o depart_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o â—â—epen_v whence_o they_o be_v force_v by_o hunger_n to_o sail_v to_o â—outh_n wales_n intend_v to_o make_v a_o considerable_a prey_n of_o â—hat_n country_n but_o fail_v of_o their_o aim_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o their_o way_n for_o ireland_n but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o party_n of_o dane_n fight_v a_o very_a â—evere_a battle_n with_o the_o kentish-man_n 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cestria_fw-la the_o next_o summer_n the_o man_n of_o dublin_n cruel_o destroy_v the_o isle_n 〈◊〉_d anglesey_n and_o soon_o after_o clydawe_n the_o son_n of_o caâ—â—â—_n be_v unnatural_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n meyric_n about_o tâ—â—_n same_o time_n that_o the_o dane_n receive_v a_o cruel_a overthroâ—â—_n by_o the_o english_a at_o tottenhale_n but_o elfleda_n do_v 〈◊〉_d long_o survive_v the_o rebuild_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n a_o woman_n of_o singular_a virtue_n and_o one_o that_o greaâ—â—â—_n strengthen_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n by_o build_v of_o town_n and_o castle_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o tâ—â—_n danes_n as_o strengat_fw-la and_o bruge_n by_o the_o forest_n 〈◊〉_d morph_n tamworth_n stafford_n edelburgh_n cherenburgâ—_n wadeburgh_n and_o runcofe_n after_o this_o she_o enter_v wâ—â—_n her_o whole_a army_n into_o wales_n wan_a brecknock_n 〈◊〉_d take_v the_o queen_n with_o 33_o of_o her_o man_n prisoner_n which_v in_o welch_n be_v call_v gwaith_n y_o ddinas_fw-la newydh_n 〈◊〉_d the_o battle_n of_o the_o new_a city_n from_o hence_o she_o march_v for_o derby_n which_o she_o take_v from_o the_o dane_n losâ—_n only_o four_o of_o her_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o action_n the_o occasion_n of_o these_o two_o expedition_n according_a 〈◊〉_d some_o be_v this_o huganus_n lord_n of_o west_n wales_n perceive_v king_n edward_n to_o be_v unavoidable_o busy_a in_o thâ—_n danish_n war_n gather_v a_o army_n of_o britain_n and_o â—â—tring_v into_o england_n destroy_v the_o king_n countâ—â—_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o this_o elfleda_n come_v to_o wales_n witâ—_n a_o great_a army_n fight_v with_o the_o welsh_a at_o breek_n and_o put_v huganus_n to_o flight_n take_v his_o wife_n anâ—_n some_o of_o his_o man_n prisoner_n who_o she_o carry_v wiâ—â—_n she_o to_o mercia_n huganus_n be_v thus_o defeat_v flee_v 〈◊〉_d derby_n and_o be_v there_o kind_o receive_v join_v himself_o with_o the_o king_n enemy_n the_o dane_n elfleda_n be_v certify_v of_o that_o 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by_o s._n peter_n after_o the_o death_n of_o elfleda_n king_n edward_n most_o ungrateful_o disinherit_v her_o daughter_n alfwyen_v and_o entere_v into_o mercia_n seize_v all_o the_o land_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n upon_o pretence_n that_o she_o without_o his_o knowledge_n who_o her_o mother_n have_v appoint_v her_o guardian_n have_v privy_o promise_v and_o contract_a marriage_n with_o reynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o this_o unâ—ust_n and_o unnatural_a action_n of_o king_n edward_n may_v possible_o bring_v upon_o he_o those_o vehement_a trouble_n which_o present_o ensue_v upon_o it_o for_o leofr_v a_o dane_n â—nd_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n brother_n in_o law_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o west_n wales_n come_v from_o ireland_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o snowdon_n and_o mind_v to_o bring_v all_o wales_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o to_o their_o subjection_n overran_a and_o subdue_v all_o the_o country_n to_o chester_n before_o king_n edward_n be_v certify_v of_o their_o arrival_n whereat_o be_v sore_o offend_v and_o loath_a to_o trouble_v his_o subject_n for_o help_n vow_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n with_o their_o single_a force_n will_v be_v revenge_v upon_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n and_o thereupon_o march_v to_o chester_n force_v the_o city_n from_o they_o then_o he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o too_o battle_n whereof_o he_o and_o his_o son_n ethelstan_n lead_v the_o first_o edmund_z and_o edred_n the_o second_o and_o follow_v they_o so_o close_o that_o he_o overtake_v they_o at_o the_o forest_n of_o walewode_n now_o sherwode_n where_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n set_v upon_o they_o so_o fierce_o that_o the_o king_n at_o first_o be_v in_o some_o danger_n until_o athelstane_n step_v in_o and_o wound_v the_o dane_n in_o the_o arm_n in_o that_o manner_n that_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o hold_v his_o spear_n the_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o atholstâ—ne_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n edmund_n and_o edred_n encounter_v with_o gruffydh_n slay_v he_o and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o their_o father_n and_o leofreds_n head_n be_v likewise_o cut_v off_o they_o be_v both_o set_v up_o upon_o the_o town_n of_o chester_n and_o than_o edward_n together_o with_o his_o son_n victorious_o return_v home_o but_o king_n edward_n have_v a.d._n 924_o build_v glademutham_n soon_o after_o this_o die_v at_o farandon_n and_o his_o son_n alfred_n the_o same_o time_n at_o oxford_n and_o be_v both_o bury_v at_o winchester_n edward_n be_v dead_a his_o base_a son_n athelstane_n for_o many_o excellent_a virtue_n appear_v in_o he_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o worthy_a prince_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n that_o ever_o reign_v he_o overcome_v cudfryd_n the_o father_n of_o raynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n at_o york_n and_o be_v invade_v by_o hawlaf_n king_n of_o ireland_n who_o with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o dane_n march_v against_o he_o give_v he_o battle_n at_o brimestbury_n and_o 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intricate_a that_o the_o justice_n of_o it_o can_v not_o appear_v and_o then_o the_o two_o champion_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n by_o combat_n whilst_o howel_n dha_n be_v thus_o regulate_v the_o custom_n and_o meliorate_n the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o wales_n aulafe_n and_o regnald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n forcible_o enter_v the_o country_n of_o king_n edmund_n who_o be_v vex_v with_o their_o incessant_a hostility_n gather_v his_o force_n together_o and_o as_o some_o say_v by_o the_o help_n of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n who_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n followed_z they_o to_z northumberland_z and_o have_v overcome_v they_o in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n utter_o chase_v they_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o remain_v a_o whole_a year_n in_o those_o part_n to_o regulate_v and_o bring_v that_o country_n to_o some_o quiet_a order_n but_o find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o reduce_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o cumberland_n to_o any_o peaceable_a constitution_n 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till_o his_o return_n from_o rome_n at_o which_o time_n edwal_n foel_n be_v come_v of_o age_n he_o resign_v to_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gwynedh_n or_o north-wales_n together_o with_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o all_o wales_n before_o which_o time_n howel_n be_v style_v brenhin_n cymry_n oll_n that_o be_v king_n of_o all_o wales_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o body_n of_o law_n compile_v by_o he_o jevaf_a and_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n after_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n dha_n his_o son_n divide_v betwixt_o they_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n and_o powis_n lay_v no_o claim_n to_o north-wales_n though_o their_o father_n have_v be_v a_o general_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n but_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n have_v put_v by_o their_o elder_a brother_n meyric_n as_o a_o person_n uncapable_a of_o government_n and_o be_v dissatisfy_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o north_n wales_n only_o imagine_v that_o the_o principality_n of_o all_o wales_n be_v their_o right_n as_o descend_v from_o the_o elder_a house_n which_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n deny_v they_o indeed_o they_o have_v be_v wrongful_o keep_v out_o of_o the_o government_n of_o north_n wales_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o howel_n in_o who_o time_n the_o recovery_n of_o their_o own_o be_v impracticable_a by_o reason_n that_o for_o his_o moderation_n and_o other_o good_a quality_n he_o have_v attract_v to_o himself_o the_o universal_a love_n of_o all_o the_o welsh_a but_o now_o he_o be_v go_v they_o be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n receive_v by_o he_o upon_o his_o son_n and_o upon_o a_o small_a pretence_n endeavour_v to_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o wales_n to_o their_o own_o subjection_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n be_v indeed_o descend_v from_o the_o elder_a branch_n but_o since_o roderic_n the_o great_a confer_v the_o principality_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o his_o young_a son_n cadelh_n the_o father_n of_o howel_n dha_n it_o be_v but_o just_a his_o son_n shall_v enjoy_v what_o be_v legal_o descend_v to_o they_o by_o their_o father_n but_o ambition_n seldom_o give_v place_n to_o equity_n and_o therefore_o right_a or_o wrong_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n must_v have_v a_o touch_n for_o south-wales_n which_o they_o enter_v with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o be_v oppose_v they_o obtain_v a_o very_a opportune_a victory_n over_o owen_n and_o his_o brethren_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n at_o the_o hill_n of_o carno_n the_o next_o year_n the_o a.d._n 950_o two_o brother_n enter_v twice_o into_o south-wales_n destroy_v and_o waste_v dyfet_n and_o slay_v dwnwalhon_n lord_n of_o the_o country_n short_o after_o which_o roderic_n the_o three_o a.d._n 951_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n die_v but_o his_o brethren_n perceive_v the_o folly_n of_o stand_v only_o upon_o the_o defensive_a muster_v a.d._n 952_o all_o their_o force_n together_o and_o enter_v north-wales_n march_v as_o far_o as_o lhanrwst_n upon_o the_o river_n conwy_n where_o jevaf_a and_o jago_n meet_v they_o a_o very_a cruel_a battle_n ensue_v upon_o this_o and_o a_o very_a great_a number_n be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n among_o who_o be_v anarawd_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n but_o the_o victory_n plain_o favour_v the_o brother_n jevaf_n and_o jago_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v to_o cardiganshire_n whither_o they_o be_v warm_o pursue_v and_o that_o country_n cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o next_o year_n merfyn_n be_v unhappy_o a.d._n 953_o drown_a and_o short_o after_o congelach_n king_n of_o ireland_n be_v slay_v the_o scot_n and_o northumbrian_n have_v late_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o king_n edred_n he_o be_v scarce_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o aulafe_v with_o a_o great_a army_n land_v
in_o northumberland_n and_o be_v with_o much_o rejoice_v receive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o before_o he_o can_v secure_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n he_o be_v shameful_o banish_v the_o country_n and_o so_o the_o northumbrian_n elect_v one_o hircius_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n for_o their_o king_n but_o to_o show_v the_o inconstancy_n of_o a_o unsettled_a multitude_n they_o soon_o grow_v weary_a of_o hircius_n and_o after_o three_o year_n space_n expel_v he_o and_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o edred_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v eight_o year_n dye_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n to_o he_o succeed_v edwin_n the_o son_n of_o edmund_n a_o man_n so_o immoderate_o give_v to_o venety_n that_o he_o forcible_o marry_v another_o man_n wife_n for_o which_o and_o other_o irregularity_n his_o subject_n after_o four_o year_n reign_v set_v up_o his_o brother_n edgar_n who_o be_v crown_v in_o his_o stead_n with_o a.d._n 958_o grief_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o end_v his_o day_n the_o summer_n that_o same_o year_n prove_v so_o immoderate_o hot_a that_o it_o cause_v a_o very_a dismal_a plague_n in_o the_o follow_a spring_n which_o sweep_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n before_o which_o gwgan_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderie_n die_v at_o this_o time_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n forcible_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n and_o act_v according_a to_o their_o own_o good_a pleasure_n no_o one_o dare_v to_o confront_v or_o resist_v they_o but_o for_o all_o their_o power_n the_o son_n of_o abloio_n king_n of_o ireland_n venture_v to_o land_n in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v burn_v holyhead_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o lhyn_n also_o the_o son_n of_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o colhoyn_n destroy_v and_o ravage_v all_o the_o country_n to_o a.d._n 961_o towyn_n where_o they_o be_v intercept_v and_o slay_v about_o the_o same_o time_n die_v meyric_n the_o son_n of_o cadfan_n rytherch_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n and_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n not_o long_o after_o the_o country_n of_o north-wales_n be_v cruel_o a.d._n 965_o waste_v by_o the_o army_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o invasion_n be_v the_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o tribute_n that_o the_o king_n of_o aberffraw_n by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n but_o at_o length_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n instead_o of_o money_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n yearly_a which_o creature_n be_v then_o very_o pernicious_a and_o destructive_a to_o england_n and_o wales_n this_o tribure_n be_v due_o perform_v for_o two_o year_n the_o three_o year_n there_o be_v none_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o island_n so_o that_o afterward_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n become_v exempt_a from_o pay_v any_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n a.d._n 966_o the_o terror_n apprehend_v from_o the_o english_a be_v by_o these_o mean_v vanish_v there_o threaten_v another_o cloud_n from_o ireland_n for_o the_o irish_a be_v animate_v by_o their_o late_a expedition_n land_v again_o in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v slay_v roderic_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n they_o destroy_v aboffraw_n and_o this_o danger_n be_v over_o jevaf_a and_o a.d._n 967_o â—ago_n who_o have_v joint_o and_o agreeable_o till_o now_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o wales_n from_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n â—ha_n begin_v to_o quarrel_n and_o disagree_v among_o themselves_o and_o jago_n have_v forcible_o lay_v hand_n upon_o his_o brother_n 〈◊〉_d confine_v he_o to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n these_o heat_n and_o animosity_n between_o the_o two_o brother_n a.d._n 968_o give_v occasion_n and_o opportunity_n to_o owen_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n to_o carve_v for_o himself_o who_o present_o seize_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n and_o to_o a.d._n 969_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n mactus_fw-la the_o son_n of_o harold_n with_o a_o army_n of_o dane_n entere_v the_o isle_n of_o anglescy_n and_o spoil_v penmon_n king_n edgar_z be_v so_o indulgent_a to_o these_o dane_n that_o he_o permit_v they_o to_o inhabit_v through_o all_o england_n insomuch_o that_o at_o length_n they_o become_v to_o be_v as_o numerous_a â—nd_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o english_a themselves_o and_o fall_v into_o â—uch_n lewd_a course_n of_o debauchery_n and_o such_o horrid_a drink_v that_o very_o great_a mischief_n ensue_v thereupon_o the_o king_n to_o reform_v this_o immoderate_a sottishness_n enact_v a_o law_n that_o very_o one_o shall_v drink_v by_o measure_n and_o so_o stamp_v a_o mark_n upon_o every_o vessel_n how_o â—â—at_a it_o shall_v be_v fill_v but_o harold_n have_v take_v pennon_n a.d._n 970_o make_v subject_n to_o himself_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o however_o he_o do_v not_o keep_v long_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o same_o and_o to_o return_v home_o as_o do_v the_o fleet_n of_o king_n alfred_n which_o he_o have_v send_v to_o subdue_v caâ—rlheon_n upon_o vsc_n and_o now_o be_v rid_v of_o the_o a.d._n 971_o english_a and_o dane_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o raise_v commotion_n among_o themselves_o jevaf_fw-mi continue_v still_o in_o prison_n a.d._n 972_o to_o rescue_v who_o his_o son_n howel_n raise_v his_o power_n and_o march_v against_o his_o uncle_n jago_n who_o be_v vanquish_v in_o sight_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n to_o â—ave_n himself_o howel_n have_v win_v the_o day_n take_v his_o elder_a uncle_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n prisoner_n and_o pull_v out_o both_o his_o eye_n clap_v he_o in_o prison_n where_o in_o a_o woeful_a condition_n he_o short_o die_v leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n and_o jonafal_n the_o first_o of_o which_o live_v to_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o revenge_v upon_o the_o posterity_n of_o howel_n that_o unnatural_a barbarity_n show_v to_o his_o father_n but_o though_o howel_n deliver_v his_o father_n from_o his_o long_a and_o tedious_a imprisonment_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o principality_n for_o whether_o by_o age_n or_o infirmity_n he_o be_v incapable_a howel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o wales_n which_o he_o keep_v and_o maintain_v for_o his_o life-time_n but_o afterward_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o brethren_n for_o jevaf_n have_v issue_n beside_o this_o howel_n meyric_n iâ—vaf_n and_o cadwalhan_n all_o three_o man_n of_o great_a repuâ—â—_n and_o esteem_n about_o this_o time_n die_v morgan_n hên_o in_o his_o young_a day_n call_v morgan_z mawr_z be_v a_o hundred_o yearâ—_n old_a have_v live_v fifty_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hâ—â—_n wife_n elen_n daughter_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a by_o whoâ—_n he_o have_v one_o son_n call_v owen_n morgan_z be_v a_o valiant_a anâ—_n a_o victorious_a prince_n and_o well_o belove_v of_o his_o subject_n 〈◊〉_d but_o sometime_o before_o his_o death_n owen_n the_o son_n oâ—_n prince_n howel_n dha_n lay_v claim_n to_o ystradwy_n and_o eâ—y_n call_v the_o two_o sleeve_n of_o gwent_n vwchcoed_n be_v thâ—_n right_o of_o morgan_n and_o seize_v upon_o they_o to_o his_o owâ—_n use_v but_o the_o matter_n through_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n be_v by_o both_o party_n refer_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n it_o be_v by_o he_o adjudge_v that_o the_o say_v land_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o morgan_n and_o to_o the_o diocese_n of_o lhandaff_n and_o that_o owen_n ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n have_v wrongful_o possess_v himself_o of_o they_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o say_a award_n waâ—_n make_v before_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n at_n may_v be_v see_v at_o lhandaff_n in_o a_o old_a manuscript_n call_v y_o cwtta_n cyfarwydd_n 〈◊〉_d forgannwg_n and_o there_o be_v somewhat_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o lhandaff_n only_o the_o mistake_n in_o both_o be_v that_o they_o make_v howel_n dha_n the_o intruder_n into_o the_o say_a land_n who_o have_v be_v dead_a at_o least_o twenty_o year_n before_o king_n edgar_n begin_v his_o reign_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jevaf_fw-mi howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v expel_v his_o uncle_n jago_n and_o force_v he_o to_o quit_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—â—ok_v upon_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n in_o â—â—ght_n of_o his_o father_n who_o though_o alive_a yet_o by_o reason_n of_o â—â—s_o year_n be_v willing_a to_o decline_v it_o about_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d dwnwalhon_n prince_n of_o stradclwyd_n take_v his_o journey_n for_o rome_n and_o edwalhon_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n â—f_n south-wales_n die_v but_o the_o english_a receive_v a_o â—â—eater_a blow_n by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o
â—anes_n pass_v from_o thence_o to_o cambridge_n they_o meet_v â—ith_n ethelstan_n king_n edelred_n nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n who_o with_o a_o army_n be_v come_v to_o oppose_v they_o but_o the_o dane_n prove_v too_o powerful_a he_o with_o many_o other_o nobleman_n be_v slay_v among_o who_o be_v duke_n oswyn_n and_o the_o earl_n edwin_n and_o wolfrike_n from_o hence_o they_o pass_v through_o essex_n leave_v no_o manner_n of_o cruelty_n and_o barbarity_n unpractised_a and_o return_v lade_v with_o booty_n to_o their_o ship_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o a.d._n 1010_o thames_n but_o they_o can_v not_o contain_v themselves_o long_o in_o their_o vessel_n and_o therefore_o sally_v out_o they_o pass_v by_o the_o river_n side_n to_o oxford_n which_o they_o ransack_v over_o again_o add_v to_o their_o prey_n buckingham_n bedford_z hartford_n and_o northamptonshire_n and_o have_v accomplish_v that_o year_n cruelty_n at_o christmas_n they_o return_v to_o their_o ship_n yet_o the_o prey_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o trent_n southward_o will_v not_o satisfy_v these_o unmerciful_a barbarian_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o season_n a.d._n 1011_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o peep_v out_o of_o their_o den_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n which_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o treachery_n of_o almarez_n the_o archdeacon_n be_v condemn_v to_o blood_n and_o ash_n and_o alfegoâ—_n the_o archbishop_n carry_v prisoner_n to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n where_o he_o be_v at_o length_n most_o cruel_o put_v to_o death_n a.d._n 1012_o the_o next_o year_n swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n come_v up_o the_o humber_n and_o land_v at_o gainesborow_n whither_o repair_v to_o he_o vthrâ—d_a earl_n of_o northumberland_n with_o his_o people_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o lindsey_n with_o all_o thâ—_n country_n northward_o of_o watling-street_n be_v a_o highway_n cross_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n sea_n and_o give_v their_o oath_n and_o hostage_n to_o obey_v he_o whereupon_o king_n swain_n perceive_v his_o undertake_n to_o prove_v 〈◊〉_d fortunate_a beyond_o expectation_n commit_v the_o care_n oâ—_n his_o fleet_n to_o his_o son_n cnute_n and_o march_v himself_o 〈◊〉_d to_o oxford_n and_o then_o to_o winchester_n which_o citieâ—_n whether_o for_o fear_n of_o further_a calamity_n ready_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o king_n from_o thence_o hâ—_n march_v for_o london_n where_o king_n edelred_n then_o layâ—_n and_o which_o be_v so_o stout_o defend_v by_o the_o citizen_n that_o he_o be_v like_a to_o effect_v nothing_o against_o that_o town_n and_o therefore_o he_o direct_v his_o course_n to_o wallingforâ—_n and_o bath_n where_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o west-saxon_a yield_v he_o subjection_n the_o londoner_n too_o at_o last_o â—earing_v his_o fury_n and_o displeasure_n make_v their_o peace_n â—nd_v send_v he_o hostage_n which_o city_n be_v receive_v to_o â—ercy_n swain_n from_o that_o time_n be_v account_v king_n of_o â—ll_a england_n king_n edelred_n perceive_v all_o his_o astair_n â—n_v england_n to_o go_v against_o he_o and_o his_o authority_n and_o government_n reduce_v to_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n have_v send_v his_o queen_n with_o his_o two_o son_n edward_n and_o alfred_n â—o_o normandy_n he_o think_v convenient_a within_o a_o while_n â—fter_o to_o follow_v himself_o be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n richard_n he_o have_v not_o be_v there_o â—ong_o but_o news_n arrive_v of_o the_o death_n of_o swain_n and_o that_o he_o be_v desire_v by_o the_o english_a to_o return_v to_o his_o kingdom_n be_v animate_v and_o comfort_v with_o this_o surprise_a news_n he_o set_v forward_o with_o a_o great_a army_n â—or_a england_n and_o land_v at_o lyndsey_n he_o cruel_o harass_v that_o province_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o have_v own_a subjection_n to_o cnute_n the_o son_n of_o swain_n who_o the_o danesâ—ad_a â—ad_z elect_a king_n in_o his_o father_n stead_n king_n cnute_n be_v at_o ipswich_n and_o certify_v of_o the_o arrival_n of_o king_n edelred_n and_o the_o devastation_n of_o lyndsey_n fear_v that_o â—is_n authority_n be_v go_v down_o the_o wind_n barbarous_o cut_v off_o the_o hand_n and_o nose_n of_o all_o the_o hostage_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o english_a and_o present_o strike_v sail_n for_o denmark_n and_o whilst_o england_n be_v in_o this_o general_a confusion_n there_o fall_v out_o no_o less_o a_o storm_n in_o ireland_n for_o brian_n king_n of_o that_o island_n and_o his_o son_n murâ—th_v with_o other_o king_n of_o the_o country_n subject_n to_o â—â—rian_n join_v their_o force_n against_o sutric_n the_o son_n of_o aâ—loic_a king_n of_o dublin_n and_o mailmorda_n king_n of_o lagoâ—es_n sutric_n be_v of_o himself_o too_o weak_a to_o encounter_v so_o numerous_a a_o multitude_n hire_v all_o the_o pirate_n and_o rover_n who_o cruise_v upon_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o give_v brian_n battle_n who_o with_o his_o son_n murcath_n be_v slay_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n maihnorda_fw-mi and_o broderic_n general_n of_o the_o auxiliary_n but_o cnute_n though_o he_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n force_v to_o a.d._n 1013_o forsake_v england_n upon_o the_o recall_v of_o king_n edelred_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o abandon_v all_o his_o pretence_n to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o the_o next_o year_n he_o come_v to_o renew_v his_o claim_n and_o land_v with_o a_o strong_a fleet_n in_o west-â—ex_a where_o he_o exercise_v very_o great_a hostility_n to_o prevent_v his_o incursion_n edric_n and_o edmund_n bastard-son_n to_o edelred_n raise_v their_o force_n separately_z bâ—â—_n when_o both_o army_n be_v unite_v they_o dare_v not_o whâ—ther_o for_o fear_n or_o the_o dissension_n of_o the_o two_o general_n fight_v with_o the_o dane_n edmund_z therefore_o pass_v to_o the_o north_n and_o join_v with_o vthred_a duke_n of_o northumberland_n and_o both_o together_o descend_v and_o spoil_v stafford_n leicester_n and_o shropshire_n on_o the_o other_o side_n cnute_n march_v forcible_o through_o buckingham_n bedford_z huntingtonshire_n and_o so_o by_o stafford_n pass_v towards_o york_n whither_o vthred_n hasten_v and_o find_v 〈◊〉_d other_o remedy_n submit_v himself_o with_o all_o the_o northumbrian_n to_o cnute_n give_v hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o what_o they_o then_o agree_v upon_o but_o nevertheless_o this_o submission_n vthr_v be_v treacherous_o slay_v not_o without_o the_o permission_n of_o cnute_n and_o hiâ—_n dukedom_n bestow_v upon_o one_o egrick_n a_o dane_n whereupon_o edmund_n leave_v they_o and_o go_v to_o his_o father_n whâ—_n lay_v sick_a at_o london_n cnute_n return_v to_o his_o ship_n present_o follow_v and_o sail_v up_o the_o thames_n towards_o london_n but_o before_o he_o can_v draw_v nigh_o the_o city_n king_n edelred_n be_v dead_a have_v prolong_v a_o long_a and_o troublesome_a reign_n for_o thirty_o seven_o year_n after_o his_o decease_n the_o english_a nobility_n choose_v his_o base_a son_n edmund_n for_o his_o eminent_a strength_n and_o hardiness_n in_o war_n surname_v ironside_n for_o their_o king_n upon_o this_o cnuâ—â—_n bring_v his_o whole_a fleet_n up_o the_o river_n to_o london_n and_o have_v cut_v a_o deep_a trench_n round_o about_o the_o town_n invest_v it_o on_o all_o side_n but_o be_v valourous_o repulse_v by_o the_o defendant_n he_o detach_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o army_n to_o fight_v with_o edmund_n who_o be_v march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o both_o army_n come_v to_o battle_n at_o proman_n by_o gillingham_n cnute_n with_o his_o dane_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o time_n and_o opportunity_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v to_o increase_v his_o force_n cnute_n give_v edmund_n a_o second_o battle_n at_o caerstane_n but_o edric_n almar_n and_o algar_n underhand_o side_v with_o the_o dane_n edmund_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o maintain_v the_o fight_n obstinate_o till_o night_n and_o weariness_n part_v they_o both_o army_n have_v sufficient_o suffer_v in_o this_o action_n edmund_n go_v to_o west-sex_n to_o reinforce_v himself_o and_o the_o dane_n return_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o london_n where_o edmundâ—â—ickly_o â—â—ickly_z follow_v raise_v the_o siege_n and_o force_v cnuteâ—â—d_v â—â—d_z his_o dane_n confuse_o to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o â—â—ips_n and_o then_o enter_v triumphant_o into_o the_o city_n too_o day_n after_o pass_v the_o thames_n at_o brentford_n he_o â—â—ll_v upon_o the_o enemy_n back_n by_o which_o lucky_a opportunity_n obtain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n he_o return_v â—gain_o to_o raise_v recruit_n among_o the_o westsaxons_a cnute_n â—â—on_n edmund_n removal_n appear_v again_o before_o lonâ—â—n_n and_o invest_v it_o by_o land_n and_o water_n but_o all_o in_o â—â—in_n the_o besiege_v so_o manful_o and_o resolute_o defend_v themselves_o that_o it_o be_v impracticable_a to_o master_v â—â—e_z town_n before_o edmund_n can_v come_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o this_o they_o present_o experience_v for_o edmund_n â—â—ter_v have_v augment_v his_o force_n cross_v again_o the_o â—hames_n
son_n harold_n and_o his_o upon_o â—â—gar_a earl_n of_o chester_n to_o this_o time_n be_v refer_v the_o original_a of_o the_o â—_z in_o scotland_n which_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n 〈◊〉_d in_o a_o great_a measure_n dependent_a upon_o the_o affair_n 〈◊〉_d the_o welsh_a be_v requisite_a to_o be_v here_o record_v macbeth_z king_n of_o scotland_n have_v cause_v bancho_fw-la a_o noble-â—â—n_a of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o be_v inhuman_o murder_v â—ence_n bancho_n son_n to_o avoid_v the_o like_a cruelty_n to_o â—â—â—self_n flee_v to_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n â—o_o take_v a_o very_a great_a like_n to_o his_o person_n and_o â—â—thal_o commiserate_v his_o condition_n show_v he_o all_o â—â—e_z respect_n and_o kindness_n possible_a but_o fleance_n have_v 〈◊〉_d continue_v long_o with_o gruffydh_n when_o he_o fall_v enamour_v upon_o the_o prince_n daughter_n and_o have_v obâ—â—â—ed_v her_o goodwill_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o â—â—r_a father_n civility_n towards_o he_o abuse_v she_o so_o far_a 〈◊〉_d to_o beget_v she_o with_o child_n gruffydh_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o heinous_o reâ—â—â—ted_v the_o affront_n that_o he_o occasion_v fleance_n to_o be_v â—â—â—in_o and_o treat_v his_o daughter_n most_o servile_o for_o prostrate_v her_o chastity_n especial_o to_o a_o strangâ—â—_n however_o she_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n deliver_v of_o a_o sâ—â—_n who_o name_n be_v christen_v walter_n a_o child_n wâ—â—_n in_o his_o youth_n express_v very_o great_a hope_n and_o in_o 〈◊〉_d probability_n like_a to_o make_v a_o very_a considerable_a mâ—â—_n which_o happen_v according_a to_o expectation_n but_o 〈◊〉_d first_o original_a of_o his_o future_a greatness_n happen_v upâ—â—_n a_o very_a accidental_a occasion_n be_v reproach_v of_o 〈◊〉_d stardism_n by_o one_o of_o his_o fellow_n companion_n he_o 〈◊〉_d it_o in_o so_o unpardonable_a a_o dudgeon_n that_o nothing_o 〈◊〉_d satisfy_v his_o revenge_n but_o the_o life_n of_o the_o aggreâ—â—â—â—_n be_v upon_o this_o mischance_n afraid_a to_o undergo_v the_o â—â—nishment_n of_o the_o law_n he_o think_v it_o safe_a to_o fly_v 〈◊〉_d scotland_n where_o fall_v in_o company_n with_o ceâ—â—â—â—â—_n english_a man_n who_o be_v come_v thither_o with_o quâ—â—â—_n margaret_n sister_n to_o edgar_n edeling_n he_o behave_v himâ—â—â—â—_n so_o sober_o and_o discreet_o that_o he_o win_v the_o favour_n 〈◊〉_d good_a character_n of_o all_o that_o know_v he_o but_o his_o 〈◊〉_d daily_o increase_v he_o grow_v at_o length_n to_o that_o height_n 〈◊〉_d reputation_n as_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o most_o inwâ—â—â—_n affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o at_o last_o be_v maâ—â—_n lord_n steward_n of_o scotland_n from_o which_o office_n 〈◊〉_d posterity_n retain_v the_o surname_n of_o steward_n the_o kiâ—â—_n of_o scotland_n of_o that_o name_n with_o several_a other_o fâ—â—lies_n of_o quality_n in_o that_o kingdom_n be_v descend_v 〈◊〉_d he_o but_o to_o return_v to_o england_n siward_n the_o worthy_a 〈◊〉_d of_o northumberland_n die_v about_o this_o time_n of_o the_o blooâ—_n flux_n a_o man_n of_o a_o rough_a demeanour_n and_o a_o mâ—â—â—_n soldierly_a temper_n as_o he_o plain_o manifest_v at_o 〈◊〉_d point_n of_o death_n for_o bewail_v his_o misfortune_n 〈◊〉_d have_v escape_v so_o many_o dangerous_a engagement_n 〈◊〉_d withal_o disdain_v to_o die_v so_o effeminate_o in_o bed_n 〈◊〉_d cause_v himself_o to_o be_v complete_o arm_v and_o aâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v in_o defiance_n of_o death_n present_o expire_v in_o martial_a bravery_n but_o his_o son_n be_v too_o young_a 〈◊〉_d king_n bestow_v his_o earldom_n upon_o tosty_o the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d earl_n godwyn_n a.d._n 1054_o wales_n have_v be_v now_o a_o long_a time_n quiet_a and_o 〈◊〉_d of_o all_o trouble_n both_o abroad_o and_o at_o home_n but_o it_o coâ—â—â—_n not_o be_v expect_v that_o such_o a_o life_n shall_v prove_v duâ—â—bâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d but_o something_o or_o other_o will_v create_v new_a comâ—â—tions_n and_o disturbance_n gruffydh_fw-mi son_n to_o rytherch_v ap_fw-mi â—â—yn_v have_v recruit_v and_o recover_v himself_o after_o the_o 〈◊〉_d blow_v he_o receive_v from_o prince_n gruffydh_n must_v needs_o â—â—â—ture_v another_o trial_n for_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n 〈◊〉_d prince_n protract_v no_o time_n speedy_o march_v aâ—â—â—_n he_o and_o both_o army_n be_v join_v gruffydh_n 〈◊〉_d ryâ—herch_n be_v easy_o vanquish_v and_o in_o fine_a slain_z 〈◊〉_d the_o trouble_n of_o the_o welsh_a do_v not_o end_v with_o he_o 〈◊〉_d algâ—â—_n earl_n of_o chester_n be_v convict_v of_o treason_n 〈◊〉_d thereupon_o banish_v the_o kingdom_n flee_v to_o gruffydh_n 〈◊〉_d of_o wales_n request_v his_o aid_n against_o king_n â—â—â—ard_n who_o repeat_v the_o frequent_a wrong_n he_o have_v 〈◊〉_d at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a by_o uphold_v 〈◊〉_d enemy_n against_o he_o glad_o embrace_v the_o opportunity_n and_o promise_v he_o all_o imaginable_a support_n use_v thereupon_o assemble_v his_o force_n he_o enter_v with_o 〈◊〉_d into_o hereford_n shire_n and_o advance_v into_o the_o â—â—â—â—try_n within_o two_o mile_n of_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n 〈◊〉_d be_v oppose_v by_o randulph_n earl_n of_o that_o counâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d bold_o give_v they_o battle_n the_o fight_n conâ—â—â—â—â—â—_n very_o dreadful_a and_o dubious_a for_o some_o hour_n till_o 〈◊〉_d gruffydh_n so_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o â—â—â—â—mbrance_n of_o their_o former_a victory_n over_o the_o 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o fall_v on_o a_o main_a and_o easy_o disâ—â—â—â—red_v randulph_n and_o slay_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o army_n â—â—terwards_o they_o pursue_v their_o chase_n to_o the_o town_n 〈◊〉_d have_v make_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o havoc_n they_o be_v â—â—â—e_a they_o lay_v the_o town_n itself_o in_o ash_n and_o so_o reâ—â—â—ned_v home_o triumphant_o lade_v with_o rich_a booty_n 〈◊〉_d plunder_n king_n edward_n receive_v notice_n of_o this_o 〈◊〉_d present_o gather_v a_o great_a army_n at_o glocesterâ—â—der_n â—â—der_z the_o conduct_n of_o harold_n earl_n godwyn_n son_n â—o_o courageous_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n enter_v into_o â—ales_n and_o encamp_v beyond_o stradelwyd_n but_o gruâ—â—dh_n and_o algar_n dread_v to_o oppose_v he_o retire_a furâ—â—â—r_n into_o south_n wales_n of_o which_o harold_n be_v certify_v 〈◊〉_d one_o part_n of_o his_o army_n behind_o with_o order_n to_o â—â—ght_n if_o occasion_n offer_v and_o with_o the_o other_o pass_v 〈◊〉_d hereford_n which_o he_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n â—â—â—â—nd_v the_o town_n gruffydh_n perceive_v his_o undaunted_a industry_n after_o many_o message_n conclude_v a_o peâ—â—â—_n with_o harold_n at_o a_o place_n call_v biligelhag_a by_o wâ—â—â—â—_n article_n algar_n be_v pardon_v by_o the_o king_n and_o â—â—stored_v to_o his_o earldom_n of_o chester_n but_o he_o do_v 〈◊〉_d continue_v long_o in_o the_o king_n favour_n for_o about_o 〈◊〉_d year_n after_o upon_o conviction_n of_o treason_n he_o be_v â—gain_o banish_v the_o land_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o 〈◊〉_d take_v himself_o to_o his_o old_a friend_n gruffydh_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d wales_n by_o who_o aid_n and_o a_o fleet_n from_o norway_n 〈◊〉_d spite_n of_o the_o king_n he_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o earldom_n but_o king_n edward_n be_v sore_o offend_v with_o the_o priâ—â—â—_n of_o wales_n for_o harbour_v traitor_n and_o therefore_o 〈◊〉_d be_v revenge_v upon_o he_o he_o dispatch_v harold_n 〈◊〉_d with_o a_o army_n to_o north-wales_n who_o come_v 〈◊〉_d ruthlan_n burn_v the_o prince_n palace_n there_o and_o his_o 〈◊〉_d that_o lie_v in_o the_o harbour_n and_o then_o return_v to_o 〈◊〉_d king_n at_o gloucester_n this_o year_n edward_n the_o son_n of_o edmund_n ironside_n 〈◊〉_d be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o hungary_n be_v design_v succession_n the_o crown_n come_v to_o england_n but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n 〈◊〉_d his_o come_n die_v at_o london_n leave_v behind_o he_o 〈◊〉_d son_n call_v edgar_n edeling_o and_o a_o daughter_n naâ—â—â—_n margaret_n who_o be_v afterward_o queen_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o mother_n to_o maud_n the_o wife_n of_o henry_n the_o fâ—â—â—â—_n a.d._n 1056_o about_o two_o year_n after_o roderic_n son_n to_o harold_n king_n of_o denmark_n come_v with_o a_o considerable_a army_n 〈◊〉_d wales_n and_o be_v kind_o receive_v by_o prince_n gruffâ—â—â—_n unite_v his_o power_n with_o the_o welsh_a and_o so_o enter_v 〈◊〉_d england_n which_o they_o cruel_o harass_v and_o destroyâ—â—_n but_o before_o they_o can_v advance_v any_o considerable_a â—â—stance_n roderic_n be_v compel_v to_o sail_n for_o denmark_n and_o so_o gruffydh_n return_v lade_v with_o spoil_n 〈◊〉_d wales_n the_o same_o time_n harold_n earl_n godwyn_n 〈◊〉_d sail_v to_o flanders_n be_v drive_v by_o force_n of_o weaâ—â—â—_n to_o land_n at_o poytiers_n where_o be_v seize_v upon_o 〈◊〉_d be_v bring_v before_o william_n bastard_n duke_n of_o nâ—â—mandy_n to_o who_o he_o declare_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o vâ—â—age_n that_o it_o be_v purposely_o to_o tender_v he_o his_o serâ—â—â—â—_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n and_o so_o take_v a_o oath_n 〈◊〉_d to_o marry_v the_o duke_n daughter_n and_o after_o the_o
apprehension_n of_o his_o former_a miscarriage_n that_o he_o endure_v penance_n for_o the_o expiation_n of_o former_a guilt_n a.d._n 1134_o in_o the_o year_n 1134._o till_o which_o time_n nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v in_o wales_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n dye_v in_o normandy_n in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n after_o who_o stephen_n earl_n of_o buloign_n son_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o bloys_n his_o sister_n son_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o hugh_n bygod_n be_v crown_v king_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n consent_v thereunto_o though_o contrary_a to_o a_o former_a oath_n they_o have_v take_v to_o maud_n the_o empress_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o employ_v his_o thought_n after_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o government_n be_v against_o david_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o take_v advantage_n of_o this_o new_a revolution_n in_o england_n by_o some_o treacherous_a mean_n or_o other_o get_v the_o town_n of_o carlisle_n and_o newcastle_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o king_n stephen_n though_o scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n present_o march_v towards_o the_o north_n of_o who_o come_v david_n be_v assure_v and_o fear_v to_o meet_v he_o voluntary_o restore_v newcastle_n and_o compound_v for_o carlisle_n but_o will_v not_o swear_v to_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o oath_n to_o maud_n which_o however_o his_o son_n henry_n do_v not_o stick_v at_o and_o thereupon_o be_v by_o king_n stephen_n create_v earl_n of_o huntingdon_n this_o change_n and_o alteration_n of_o affair_n in_o england_n make_v also_o a.d._n 1135_o the_o welsh_a bestir_v themselves_o for_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n a_o man_n of_o considerable_a quality_n and_o estate_n in_o wales_n remember_v the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n he_o have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o richard_n fitz-gilbert_n slay_v he_o together_o with_o his_o son_n gilbert_n and_o short_o after_o cadwallader_n and_o owen_n gwyneth_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v raise_v a_o mighty_a army_n march_v against_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o come_v to_o cardigan_n commit_v very_o considerable_a waste_n and_o havoc_n in_o the_o country_n and_o take_v two_o of_o the_o strong_a place_n one_o belong_v to_o walter_n espec_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n in_o this_o last_o place_n they_o be_v join_v by_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n who_o march_v forward_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o richard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mare_n together_o with_o those_o of_o dinerth_n and_o caerwedros_n and_o then_o return_v with_o very_o valuable_a booty_n but_o have_v succeed_v so_o well_o in_o this_o expedition_n they_o can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v till_o they_o have_v rid_v the_o whole_a country_n from_o the_o intolerable_a pride_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o therefore_o return_v the_o same_o year_n to_o cardigan_n with_o 6000_o foot_n and_o 2000_o horse_n well_o discipline_v and_o experience_v soldier_n and_o be_v join_v by_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n of_o brecknock_n with_o his_o son_n and_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n they_o overran_a the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o aberteifi_n restore_v all_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n to_o their_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o discard_n all_o such_o stranger_n as_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o strygil_n have_v place_v in_o the_o country_n but_o when_o stephen_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o aberteifi_n see_v that_o he_o call_v to_o he_o robert_n fitz-martyn_n the_o son_n of_o gerald_n and_o william_n fitz-john_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o norman_n fleming_n and_o english_a in_o wales_n or_o the_o march_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o welsh_a betwixt_o aber_n ned_n and_o aber_n dyfi_n give_v they_o battle_n but_o after_o a_o very_a sore_n and_o bloody_a encounter_n the_o english_a begin_v to_o give_v ground_n and_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a manner_n trust_v too_o much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o town_n and_o fortification_n begin_v to_o look_v how_o to_o save_v themselves_o that_o way_n but_o the_o welsh_a press_v upon_o they_o so_o hard_o that_o they_o kill_v above_o 3000_o man_n beside_o several_a that_o be_v drown_v and_o take_v prisoner_n this_o victory_n be_v so_o happy_o obtain_v cadwallader_n and_o owen_n overran_a the_o whole_a country_n force_v all_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n to_o depart_v the_o country_n with_o all_o speed_n and_o place_v in_o their_o room_n those_o miserable_a welsh_a who_o have_v be_v so_o long_o deprive_v and_o keep_v from_o their_o own_o estate_n and_o after_o they_o have_v weed_v the_o country_n of_o those_o insatiable_a caterpillar_n they_o return_v to_o north_n wales_n lade_v with_o very_o rich_a spoil_n and_o acceptable_a plunder_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o take_v notice_n to_o what_o extremity_n his_o subject_n be_v reduce_v to_o in_o wales_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o own_o noble_n of_o england_n be_v rise_v in_o arm_n against_o he_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o tumult_n among_o the_o nobility_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o fallacious_a report_n that_o go_v about_o of_o the_o king_n death_n who_o lie_v then_o sick_a of_o a_o lethargy_n they_o that_o bear_v he_o no_o good_a will_n verify_v the_o rumour_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o common_a people_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o empress_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o king_n friend_n betake_v themselves_o to_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_v for_o fear_n of_o the_o empress_n and_z among_z other_o hugh_z bigod_n secure_v the_o castle_n of_o norwich_n and_o after_o that_o he_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o king_n be_v well_o again_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o deliver_v the_o same_o out_o of_o his_o possession_n a.d._n 1136_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o hand_n but_o during_o these_o commotion_n and_o trouble_n in_o england_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n son_n to_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n dye_v leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v rhys_n common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n rhys_n by_o gwenlhian_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n who_o by_o some_o be_v say_v to_o have_v poison_v her_o husband_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n die_v likewise_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v 57_o year_n to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o discontent_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n as_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a quality_n and_o one_o who_o after_o divers_a victory_n obtain_v over_o the_o english_a have_v thorough_o purge_v north-wales_n from_o all_o stranger_n and_o foreigner_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o angharad_n the_o daughter_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n three_o son_n namely_o owen_n cadwallader_n and_o cadwalhon_n and_o five_o daughter_n marret_n susanna_n ranulht_n agnes_n and_o gwenlhian_a and_o by_o a_o concubine_n jago_n ascain_n edwal_n abbot_n of_o penmon_n dolhing_n and_o elen_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o hova_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n felyn_n of_o yal_a there_o be_v several_a good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n and_o statute_n enact_v in_o his_o time_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o reform_v the_o great_a disorder_n of_o the_o welsh_a minstrel_n which_o be_v then_o grow_v to_o great_a abuse_n of_o these_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n in_o wales_n the_o first_o be_v call_v beirdh_n who_o compose_v several_a song_n and_o ode_n of_o various_a measure_n wherein_o the_o poet_n skill_n be_v not_o only_o require_v but_o also_o a_o natural_a endowment_n or_o a_o vein_n which_o the_o latin_n term_v furor_fw-la poeticus_fw-la these_o likewise_o keep_v the_o record_n of_o all_o gentleman_n arm_n and_o pedigree_n and_o be_v principal_o esteem_v among_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o welsh_a poet_n the_o next_o be_v such_o as_o play_v upon_o musical_a instrument_n chief_o the_o harp_n and_o the_o crowd_n which_o music_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n first_o bring_v over_o into_o wales_n who_o be_v bear_v in_o ireland_n and_o descend_v by_o his_o mother_n side_n of_o irish_a parent_n bring_v with_o he_o from_o thence_o several_a skilful_a musician_n who_o invent_v almost_o all_o the_o instrument_n as_o be_v afterward_o play_v upon_o in_o wales_n the_o last_o sort_n be_v call_v atcaneay_v who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o sing_v to_o the_o instrument_n play_v upon_o by_o another_o each_o of_o these_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n have_v their_o several_a reward_n and_o encouragement_n allot_v to_o they_o their_o life_n and_o behaviour_n be_v to_o be_v spotless_a and_o unblameable_a otherwise_o their_o punishment_n be_v very_o severe_a and_o rigid_a every_o one_o have_v authority_n to_o punish_v and_o correct_v they_o even_o to_o the_o deprivation_n of_o all_o they_o have_v they_o be_v also_o
they_o place_v themselves_o in_o a_o ambuscade_n and_o when_o the_o game_n come_v that_o way_n they_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o the_o unarmed_a sports-man_n and_o have_v easy_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n fly_v away_o they_o wound_v cadelh_n so_o cruel_o that_o he_o narrow_o escape_v their_o hand_n alive_a who_o make_v shift_n to_o get_v home_o lay_v for_o a_o long_a time_n dangerous_o ill_a and_o with_o great_a difficulty_n at_o length_n recover_v his_o life_n upon_o this_o his_o brother_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n pass_v with_o a_o army_n into_o gwyr_n and_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o they_o besiege_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o aberlhychwr_n but_o find_v they_o can_v not_o keep_v it_o they_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o after_o that_o return_v home_o with_o great_a booty_n to_o dynefawr_n and_o repair_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o castle_n there_o about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o howel_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n fortify_v humphry_n castle_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o caletwr_n a.d._n 1151_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n prince_n owen_n do_v a_o very_a barbarous_a action_n to_o cunetha_n his_o brother_n cadwalhon_n son_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o this_o young_a man_n shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n as_o his_o father_n be_v right_a he_o first_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o afterward_o castrate_v he_o for_o fear_v he_o shall_v beget_v any_o child_n who_o may_v some_o time_n or_o other_o renew_v their_o claim_n and_o right_a to_o cadwalhon_n estate_n this_o inhuman_a severity_n be_v succeed_v by_o another_o of_o no_o small_a remark_n lhewelyn_n son_n to_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n have_v watch_v a_o convenient_a opportunity_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v stephen_n the_o son_n of_o baldwin_n but_o cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n brother_n after_o a_o tedious_a imprisonment_n which_o he_o have_v sustain_v through_o the_o malice_n and_o rancour_n of_o his_o nephew_n howel_n at_o length_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o fly_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n bring_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o that_o island_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o prince_n owen_n hear_v how_o that_o his_o brother_n have_v get_v loose_a from_o custody_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o anglesey_n he_o present_o dispatch_v a_o army_n over_o which_o prove_v too_o formidable_a to_o cadwalader_n party_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o escape_v to_o england_n and_o to_o desire_v succour_n from_o his_o wife_n relation_n who_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n this_o year_n galfrede_n arthur_n common_o call_v geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n simon_n archdeacon_n of_o cyfeilioc_n a_o man_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n in_o his_o country_n die_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n a.d._n 1152_o of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o penwedic_n castle_n which_o belong_v to_o howel_n prince_n owen_n son_n and_o after_o great_a pain_n and_o considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n of_o their_o side_n at_o last_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o from_o thence_o they_o march_v by_o night_n to_o tenby_n and_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o the_o castle_n of_o which_o one_o william_n fitzgerald_n be_v governor_n they_o scale_v the_o wall_n before_o the_o garrison_n be_v aware_a of_o any_o danger_n and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o castle_n they_o fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o garrison_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o mischief_n they_o have_v do_v and_o further_o design_v to_o their_o brother_n cadelh_n for_o cadelh_n at_o this_o time_n be_v go_v upon_o a_o pilgrimage_n and_o during_o his_o absence_n have_v commit_v his_o whole_a inheritance_n and_o all_o other_o concern_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o care_n of_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n but_o after_o the_o take_a tenby-castle_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o two_o party_n with_o one_o of_o which_o rhys_n march_v to_o ystratcongen_n and_o after_o great_a havoc_n and_o waste_v commit_v there_o he_o pass_v to_o cyfeilioc_n which_o fare_v in_o like_a manner_n with_o ystratcongen_n meredith_n with_o the_o other_o party_n sit_v before_o aberavan-castle_n and_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n win_v and_o get_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o very_o considerable_a booty_n and_o many_o rich_a spoil_n about_o the_o same_o time_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o have_v live_v in_o continual_a enmity_n and_o frequent_a hostility_n with_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n leave_v his_o son_n hugh_n to_o enjoy_v both_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n in_o england_n and_o to_o prosecute_v the_o feud_n and_o hostility_n against_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1153_o and_o short_o after_o die_v meredith_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n and_o dyfed_a be_v not_o pass_v the_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o person_n of_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o audacity_n and_o in_o all_o his_o warlike_a attempt_n and_o achievement_n very_o fortunate_a he_o be_v present_o follow_v by_o geoffrey_n bishop_n of_o llandaf_n a_o man_n as_o famous_a for_o learning_n and_o a_o good_a life_n as_o the_o other_o be_v for_o masculine_a bravery_n and_o martial_a prowess_n in_o england_n the_o face_n of_o thing_n look_v very_o lower_v henry_n surname_v shortmantel_n the_o empress_n son_n land_v in_o england_n and_o in_o his_o progress_n through_o the_o country_n take_v several_a castle_n among_o which_o be_v malmesbury_n wallingford_n and_o shrewsbury_n but_o his_o fury_n be_v quick_o appease_v by_o the_o death_n of_o eustace_n king_n stephen_n son_n so_o that_o the_o sole_a obstacle_n for_o his_o succeed_a to_o the_o crown_n be_v now_o remove_v he_o willing_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n stephen_n permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n peaceable_o for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n a._n d_o 1154_o that_o himself_o be_v declare_v his_o successor_n but_o king_n stephen_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v this_o treaty_n and_o then_o henry_n plantagenet_n the_o empress_z son_n be_v crown_v in_o a.d._n 1155_o his_o stead_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n rhys_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n king_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o apprehension_n that_o owen_n gwynedh_n have_v raise_v a_o army_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n draw_v together_o all_o his_o strength_n and_o march_v to_o aberdyfi_n to_o face_v the_o enemy_n upon_o their_o own_o border_n but_o find_v the_o rumour_n to_o be_v false_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n have_v build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberdyfi_n which_o may_v defend_v the_o frontier_n from_o any_o future_a design_n of_o his_o country_n he_o return_v back_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n far_o at_o the_o same_o time_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n build_v a_o castle_n at_o caereneon_n near_o cymer_n and_o then_o eglwys_n fair_a in_o myfot_o be_v found_v about_o this_o time_n also_o meyric_n nephew_n to_o prince_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o prison_n wherein_o he_o have_v be_v detain_v by_o his_o uncle_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o same_o year_n king_n henry_n be_v displease_v with_o the_o fleming_n who_o his_o predecessor_n king_n stephen_n have_v bring_v over_o into_o england_n issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n charge_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o depart_v his_o dominion_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o countryman_n in_o west-wales_n where_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o bastard_n son_n have_v plant_v they_o and_o thus_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n call_v pembrokeshire_n be_v overrun_v with_o these_o stranger_n who_o be_v better_a befriend_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n than_o the_o welsh_a can_v well_o expect_v to_o be_v make_v sure_a foot_n in_o that_o country_n where_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v firm_a it_o be_v the_o english_a policy_n of_o those_o time_n to_o accept_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o curb_v and_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a who_o they_o experience_v to_o be_v none_o of_o the_o safe_a neighbour_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v grant_v any_o land_n and_o privilege_n in_o wales_n to_o any_o that_o will_v accept_v of_o they_o which_o honest_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o bestow_v but_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o in_o detriment_n to_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1156_o for_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n henry_n raise_v a_o very_a great_a army_n which_o he_o gather_v from_o all_o part_n of_o england_n with_o purpose_n to_o subdue_v all_o north-wales_n be_v principal_o move_v hereto_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o cadwallader_n the_o prince_n brother_n who_o owen_n gwynedh_n for_o what_o reason_n not_o
to_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o city_n of_o dublyn_n the_o town_n of_o waterford_n with_o all_o such_o town_n and_o castle_n as_o he_o get_v in_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n whereupon_o the_o king_n restore_v to_o he_o all_o his_o land_n both_o in_o england_n and_o normandy_n and_o create_v he_o lord_n steward_n of_o ireland_n for_o this_o earl_n of_o strigule_n have_v late_o without_o the_o king_n permission_n go_v over_o to_o ireland_n and_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o dermott_n king_n of_o dublyn_n which_o king_n henry_n take_v in_o such_o a_o indignation_n that_o he_o present_o seize_v upon_o all_o his_o land_n in_o england_n and_o normandy_n therefore_o the_o king_n have_v now_o some_o foot_n in_o ireland_n the_o expedition_n be_v unanimous_o conclude_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o king_n set_v upon_o his_o journey_n and_o come_v towards_o wales_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o prince_n rhys_n who_o submission_n the_o king_n like_v so_o well_o that_o he_o present_o confirm_v to_o he_o all_o his_o land_n in_o south-wales_n to_o return_v the_o king_n favour_n rhys_n promise_v his_o majesty_n 300_o horse_n and_o 4000_o ox_n towards_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n for_o the_o sure_a payment_n of_o which_o he_o deliver_v fourteen_o pledge_n then_z king_n henry_n marching_z forward_z come_v to_o caeriheon_n upon_o vske_n and_o enter_v the_o town_n he_o dispossess_v the_o right_a owner_n jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n and_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o proper_a use_n place_v a_o garrison_n of_o his_o own_o man_n therein_o but_o jorwerth_n be_v not_o so_o easie-mouthed_a as_o to_o be_v so_o unreasonable_o curb_v by_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o depart_v in_o a_o great_a fury_n from_o the_o king_n presence_n he_o call_v to_o he_o his_o two_o son_n owen_n and_o howel_n who_o he_o have_v by_o angharad_n the_o daughter_n of_o vchtryd_v bishop_n of_o llandaf_n and_o his_o sister_n son_n morgan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n and_o bring_v together_o all_o the_o force_n they_o be_v able_a upon_o the_o king_n departure_n they_o enter_v the_o country_n and_o commit_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o destruction_n as_o they_o come_v along_o they_o at_o last_o come_v before_o caerlheon_n which_o when_o they_o take_v they_o use_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n spoil_v and_o destroy_v whatever_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o so_o that_o nothing_o escape_v their_o fury_n except_v the_o castle_n which_o they_o can_v not_o win_v the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n upon_o his_o journey_n to_o pembroke_n where_o be_v accompany_v by_o prince_n rhys_n he_o give_v he_o a_o grant_n of_o all_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n arust_o and_o eluel_n in_o recompense_n of_o all_o the_o civility_n and_o honour_n he_o pay_v he_o and_o so_o rhys_n return_v to_o aberteifi_n a_o town_n he_o have_v late_o win_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o there_o have_v prepare_v his_o present_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n he_o return_v again_o to_o pembrock_n have_v order_v eighty_o six_o horse_n to_o follow_v he_o which_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n he_o accept_v of_o thirty_o six_o of_o the_o choice_a and_o return_v the_o rest_n with_o great_a thanks_o the_o same_o day_n king_n henry_n go_v to_o s._n david_n and_o after_o he_o have_v offer_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o saint_n he_o dine_v with_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o gerald_n cousin-german_a to_o rhys_n whither_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strygile_n come_v from_o ireland_n to_o confer_v with_o the_o king_n within_o a_o while_n after_o king_n henry_n be_v entertain_v by_o rhys_n at_o the_o white-house_n restore_v to_o he_o his_o son_n howel_n who_o have_v be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n detain_v as_o a_o pledge_n and_o appoint_v he_o a_o certain_a day_n for_o payment_n of_o his_o tribute_n at_o which_o time_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o pledge_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n the_o day_n follow_v be_v the_o next_o after_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n luke_n the_o king_n go_v on_o board_n and_o the_o wind_n blow_v very_o favourable_o set_v sail_n for_o ireland_n and_o be_v safe_o arrive_v upon_o those_o coast_n he_o land_v at_o dublyn_n where_o he_o rest_v for_o that_o whole_a winter_n in_o order_n to_o make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o follow_a campaign_n but_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n and_o climate_n occasion_v such_o a_o rage_a distemper_n and_o infection_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o to_o prevent_v the_o perish_a of_o his_o whole_a army_n a.d._n 1172_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o return_v with_o what_o speed_n he_o can_v back_o for_o england_n and_o so_o have_v ship_v off_o all_o his_o army_n and_o effect_n he_o loose_v anchor_n and_o land_v in_o wales_n in_o the_o passion_n week_n next_o year_n and_o come_v to_o pembrock_n he_o stay_v there_o on_o easter-day_n and_o then_o proceed_v upon_o his_o journey_n towards_o england_n rhys_n hear_v of_o the_o king_n return_n be_v very_o officious_a to_o pay_v he_o his_o devotion_n and_o will_v glad_o feign_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o who_o shall_v welcome_v he_o over_o and_o so_o meet_v with_o he_o at_o talacharn_n he_o express_v all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n then_o the_o king_n pass_v on_o and_o as_o he_o come_v from_o caerdyf_n by_o the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vsk_n mean_v to_o leave_n wales_n in_o a_o peaceable_a condition_n he_o send_v for_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n who_o be_v the_o only_a person_n in_o open_a enmity_n against_o he_o and_o that_o upon_o very_o just_a ground_n will_v he_o to_o come_v and_o treat_v about_o a_o peace_n and_o assure_v he_o of_o a_o safe_a conduct_n for_o himself_o his_o son_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o associate_n jorwerth_n be_v willing_a to_o accept_v of_o the_o proposal_n and_o thereupon_o set_v forward_o to_o meet_v the_o king_n have_v send_v a_o express_a to_o his_o son_n owen_n a_o valorous_a young_a gentleman_n to_o meet_v he_o by_o the_o way_n owen_n according_a to_o his_o father_n order_n set_v forward_o on_o his_o journey_n with_o a_o small_a retinue_n without_o any_o thing_n of_o arm_n or_o weapon_n of_o war_n as_o think_v it_o folly_n to_o clog_v himself_o with_o such_o needless_a carriage_n when_o the_o king_n have_v promise_v a_o safe_a conduct_n but_o he_o do_v not_o find_v it_o so_o safe_a for_o as_o he_o pass_v the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vske_n the_o earl_n of_o bristol_n man_n who_o be_v garrison_v therein_o lay_v in_o wait_n for_o he_o as_o he_o come_v along_o and_o set_v cowardly_a upon_o he_o slay_v he_o with_o most_o of_o his_o company_n but_o some_o few_o escape_v to_o acquaint_v his_o father_n jorwerth_n of_o such_o a_o treacherous_a action_n who_o hear_v that_o his_o son_n be_v so_o base_o murder_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a promise_n of_o a_o safe_a passage_n without_o any_o far_a consultation_n about_o the_o matter_n present_o return_v home_o with_o howel_n his_o son_n and_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o will_v no_o long_o put_v any_o trust_n or_o confidence_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n promise_v to_o do_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n who_o be_v so_o cowardly_o cut_v off_o he_o present_o raise_v all_o the_o force_n that_o himself_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n be_v able_a to_o do_v and_o so_o enter_v into_o england_n he_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o the_o country_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o hereford_n and_o gloucester_n but_o the_o king_n be_v so_o intent_n upon_o his_o return_n that_o he_o seem_v to_o take_v no_o great_a notice_n of_o what_o jorwerth_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o have_v by_o commission_n constitute_v lord_n rhys_n chief_a justice_n of_o all_o south-wales_n he_o forthwith_o take_v his_o journey_n to_o normandy_n about_o this_o time_n die_v cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n sometime_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o by_o his_o wife_n alice_z the_o daughter_n of_o richard_n clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v issue_n cunetha_n radulph_n and_o richard_n and_o by_o other_o woman_n cadfan_n cadwallader_n eineon_n meredith_n goch_n and_o cadwalhon_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n and_o jefan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi riryd_n surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o abergavenny_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o they_o take_v the_o whole_a garrison_n prisoner_n a.d._n 1173_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n and_o a_o fall_v out_o betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o his_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o latter_a be_v uphold_v by_o
companion_n and_o slay_v they_o to_o a_o man._n king_n henry_n be_v implacable_o enrage_v at_o this_o news_n and_o so_o cruel_o incense_v that_o he_o present_o raise_v and_o draw_v together_o all_o his_o power_n and_o come_v to_o worcester_n intend_v to_o march_v forward_o to_o wales_n and_o to_o invade_v the_o enemy_n country_n but_o the_o lord_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi a_o subtle_a and_o a_o politic_a prince_n think_v it_o impossible_a to_o withstand_v the_o english_a army_n and_o fear_v the_o king_n puissance_n which_o he_o perceive_v to_o be_v so_o implacable_o bend_v against_o the_o welsh_a go_v in_o person_n to_o worcester_n and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n become_v his_o perpetual_a liegeman_n and_o for_o the_o due_a observance_n of_o this_o contract_n he_o promise_v to_o send_v his_o son_n and_o nephew_n for_o pledge_n but_o when_o he_o will_v have_v persuade_v they_o to_o answer_v his_o request_n the_o young_a man_n consider_v with_o themselves_o how_o former_a pledge_n have_v not_o be_v very_o genteely_a treat_v by_o the_o english_a refuse_v to_o go_v and_o so_o the_o whole_a matter_n rest_v for_o that_o time_n what_o become_v of_o the_o matter_n afterward_o we_o know_v not_o but_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o king_n henry_n return_v to_o england_n satisfy_v with_o rhy_n submission_n for_o we_o hear_v no_o more_o of_o his_o come_n to_o wales_n and_o so_o the_o country_n remain_v quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o at_o length_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o kill_v and_o murder_v one_o another_o a.d._n 1186_o cadwallader_n prince_n rhy_n son_n be_v private_o murder_v in_o west-wales_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o tie_v gwyn_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v owen_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o madawe_n a.d._n 1187_o ap_fw-mi meredith_n be_v slay_v by_o night_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o carrergova_n near_o oswestry_n by_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n but_o what_o be_v most_o unnatural_a of_o all_o lhewelyn_n who_o father_n cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v late_o murder_v by_o the_o englishman_n be_v take_v by_o his_o own_o brother_n who_o very_o barbarous_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n about_o the_o same_o time_n baldwyn_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v attend_v by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la take_v a_o progress_n into_o wales_n be_v the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o visit_v that_o country_n who_o authority_n the_o clergy_n of_o wales_n in_o vain_a oppose_v though_o they_o stiff_o allege_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o their_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o s._n david_n in_o this_o visitation_n describe_v by_o giraldus_n in_o his_o itinerarium_fw-la cambriae_fw-la he_o persuade_v many_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n to_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o those_o prevail_a enemy_n of_o christianity_n the_o saracen_n to_o who_o prevail_a greatness_n jerusalem_n itself_o be_v now_o in_o great_a danger_n a.d._n 1188_o to_o become_v subject_a the_o archbishop_n have_v leave_v the_o country_n maelgon_n the_o son_n of_o lord_n rhys_n bring_v all_o his_o power_n against_o tenbigh_n and_o have_v by_o force_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o burn_v the_o whole_a town_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o carry_v away_o very_o considerable_a spoil_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o such_o civil_a behaviour_n and_o easy_a access_n of_o so_o comely_a personage_n and_o honesty_n in_o all_o his_o action_n that_o he_o attract_v the_o most_o earnest_a love_n and_o affection_n of_o all_o his_o friend_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o become_v very_o terrible_a and_o formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n especial_o the_o flemings_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v divers_a victory_n and_o conquest_n the_o next_o year_n be_v the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1189._o a.d._n 1189_o henry_n the_o second_o surname_v courtmantel_n king_n of_o england_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o fonteverard_n after_o who_o his_o son_n richard_n call_v curdelyon_n be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o peer_n and_o nobility_n of_o england_n crown_v in_o his_o place_n prince_n rhys_n be_v thus_o deprive_v of_o his_o great_a friend_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o make_v the_o best_a provision_n he_o can_v for_o himself_o by_o enlarge_a his_o dominion_n and_o extend_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o present_a territory_n and_o therefore_o have_v raise_v all_o the_o strength_n he_o can_v he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o seynclere_n abercorran_n and_o lhanstephan_n and_o have_v take_v and_o commit_v to_o prison_n maelgw_v his_o son_n who_o be_v the_o great_a thorn_n in_o his_o side_n as_o one_o that_o be_v most_o passionate_o belove_v by_o the_o south-wales_n man_n he_o bring_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o his_o subjection_n then_o he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o cydwely_n but_o a.d._n 1190_o what_o take_v away_o from_o he_o the_o joy_n of_o all_o this_o good_a fortune_n he_o lose_v his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n a_o woman_n of_o such_o incomparable_a beauty_n and_o exceed_v in_o all_o feminine_a qualification_n that_o she_o be_v account_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a accomplish_a lady_n in_o all_o the_o country_n and_o not_o long_o after_o she_o die_v gruffydh_n maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n a.d._n 1191_o a_o man_n of_o great_a prudence_n and_o experience_n and_o one_o that_o excel_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o time_n in_o hospitality_n and_o all_o other_o act_n of_o generosity_n and_o liberality_n his_o corpse_n be_v carry_v to_o myfod_n and_o honourable_o inter_v there_o be_v attend_v by_o most_o of_o the_o person_n of_o quality_n throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n angharad_n daughter_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o son_n call_v madawc_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n call_v from_o he_o powy_n fadawc_n rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v grow_v very_o powerful_a and_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o south-wales_n only_o with_o some_o few_o place_n more_o dynefowr_n hold_v out_o still_o which_o however_o upon_o the_o first_o assault_n he_o make_v against_o it_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o but_o as_o he_o increase_v 〈◊〉_d â—he_v number_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o have_v that_o of_o his_o child_n diminish_v for_o his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n be_v late_o decease_v and_o now_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o get_v dynefowr_a castle_n into_o his_o possession_n but_o his_o son_n owen_n die_v at_o strata_n florida_n or_o ystratflur_v king_n richard_n be_v go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o the_o saracen_n but_o in_o his_o return_n to_o england_n he_o win_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cyprus_n and_o give_v it_o to_o gwido_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v resign_v his_o former_a title_n to_o he_o during_o his_o stay_n in_o this_o island_n he_o marry_v berengaria_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o navarr_n a.d._n 1192_o maeâ—gon_n prince_n rhy_n son_n have_v be_v now_o detain_v a_o long_a time_n in_o prison_n where_o his_o father_n have_v shut_v he_o up_o but_o be_v at_o last_o utter_o weary_a of_o such_o a_o close_a confinement_n he_o find_v some_o mean_n or_o other_o to_o get_v out_o and_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n his_o father_n prince_n rhys_n be_v not_o so_o trouble_v at_o his_o be_v break_v out_o and_o that_o he_o have_v get_v his_o liberty_n as_o to_o give_v over_o the_o conquest_n which_o all_o this_o while_n he_o have_v go_v so_o furious_o on_o with_o but_o lay_v siege_n to_o lhanhayaden_a castle_n he_o take_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n about_o to_o his_o subjection_n and_o what_o favour_v he_o more_o in_o his_o attempt_n against_o the_o english_a king_n richard_z a.d._n 1193_o have_v most_o brave_o signalise_v himself_o against_o the_o infidel_n in_o his_o return_n home_o through_o austria_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o duke_n leopold_n who_o present_v he_o to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n who_o demand_v 200000_o mark_n for_o his_o ransom_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n that_o he_o have_v spoil_v and_o plunder_v the_o island_n of_o sicily_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o as_o rhys_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o king_n richard_n absence_n to_o subject_n south-wales_n so_o roderic_n brother_n to_o david_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n make_v use_v of_o gothrike'_v the_o king_n of_o man_n help_n to_o get_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n to_o himself_o and_o eject_v his_o brother_n and_o therefore_o enter_v into_o anglâ—sey_n he_o quick_o reduce_v the_o whole_a island_n to_o his_o subjection_n but_o he_o do_v not_o enjoy_v it_o long_o for_o before_o the_o year_n be_v over_o the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n come_v with_o a_o army_n against_o he_o and_o force_v he_o together_o with_o the_o
of_o lhanymdhyfri_n thence_o they_o remove_v to_o lhangadoc_n and_o win_v the_o castle_n likewise_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o garrison_n be_v permit_v to_o march_v out_o quiet_o when_o they_o have_v take_v these_o two_o castle_n they_o go_v to_o dinerth_n where_o maelgon_n finish_v the_o castle_n he_o have_v former_o begin_v there_o this_o year_n likewise_o prince_n lhewelyn_n set_v at_o liberty_n his_o uncle_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi who_o make_v but_o a_o sorry_a return_n to_o this_o kindness_n for_o instead_o of_o live_v peaceable_o at_o home_n and_o enjoy_v that_o liberty_n that_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o flee_v to_o england_n and_o there_o get_v a_o army_n wherewith_o he_o attempt_v to_o restore_v himself_o to_o his_o ancient_a estate_n of_o north-wales_n but_o he_o miss_v his_o mark_n for_o his_o prudent_a nephew_n immediate_o meet_v he_o on_o his_o march_n and_o give_v he_o a_o shameful_a overthrow_a wherewith_o david_n be_v so_o mighty_o dishearten_v that_o he_o present_o return_v for_o england_n and_o short_o after_o die_v for_o mere_a sorrow_n the_o next_o year_n howel_n a_o blind_a a.d._n 1204_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n be_v slay_v at_o camae_n by_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n man_n and_o bury_v just_a by_o his_o brother_n gruffydh_n at_o ystratflur_n but_o notwithwand_v that_o maelgon_fw-mi in_o those_o day_n usurp_v all_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o south-wales_n yet_o his_o brother_n gruffydh_n son_n rhys_n and_o his_o brethren_n wan_a from_o he_o the_o chief_a defence_n of_o all_o that_o country_n to_o wit_n the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n and_o lhanymdhyfri_n about_o this_o time_n william_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n and_o take_v it_o and_o not_o long_o after_o maelgon_n a.d._n 1205_o hire_a a_o irishman_n to_o kill_v gadifor_n ap_fw-mi griffri_n after_o which_o horrid_a fact_n maelgon_v seize_v upon_o his_o four_o son_n and_o put_v they_o to_o death_n these_o be_v forward_o promise_v young_a gentleman_n and_o descend_v from_o a_o noble_a stock_n for_o their_o mother_n susanna_n be_v a_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_v howel_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n by_o a_o daughter_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n in_o the_o year_n 1206._o maelgon_v a.d._n 1206_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o abereneon_n at_o which_o time_n there_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o fish_n see_v at_o aberystwyth_n that_o the_o like_a number_n be_v never_o know_v to_o have_v come_v there_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n before_o a.d._n 1207_o this_o year_n the_o king_n of_o england_n banish_v the_o realm_n william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n and_o his_o wife_n on_o the_o account_n of_o a_o grudge_n that_o he_o bear_v his_o son_n and_o then_o seize_v upon_o all_o his_o land_n whereupon_o william_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o son_n flee_v to_o ireland_n and_o there_o continue_v for_o some_o time_n and_o this_o hardship_n he_o now_o undergo_v be_v the_o less_o pity_v because_o he_o exercise_v the_o great_a power_n he_o have_v in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n with_o extreme_a cruelty_n and_o injustice_n the_o same_o year_n gwenwynwyn_n come_v to_o shrewsbury_n to_o speak_v with_o the_o king_n council_n where_o he_o be_v detain_v prisoner_n whereupon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n conquer_v all_o his_o country_n take_v all_o his_o town_n and_o castle_n and_o garrison_v they_o for_o his_o own_o use_n this_o expedition_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n mighty_o alarm_v the_o usurp_a maelgon_n and_o the_o more_o because_o he_o have_v intelligence_n that_o lhewelyn_n be_v on_o his_o march_n towards_o south-wales_n therefore_o he_o now_o put_v himself_o in_o the_o best_a posture_n he_o can_v to_o receive_v he_o but_o find_v himself_o not_o able_a to_o abide_v the_o prince_n come_v and_o to_o withstand_v his_o force_n he_o demolish_v his_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n ystratmeyric_n and_o dinerth_n which_o before_o he_o have_v fortify_v notwithstanding_o which_v the_o prince_n come_v to_o aberystwyth_n and_o rebuild_v the_o castle_n and_o put_v a_o garrison_n therein_o after_o this_o he_o seize_v upon_o the_o cantref_o of_o penwedic_n and_o the_o land_n betwixt_o dyfi_n and_o aeron_n which_o he_o give_v to_o maelgon_n nephew_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o triumph_n not_o long_o after_o rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o lhangadoc_n and_o take_v it_o contrary_a to_o the_o promise_n and_o league_n he_o have_v make_v with_o his_o nephew_n forget_v likewise_o how_o free_o and_o ready_o they_o have_v administer_v to_o he_o in_o his_o necessity_n therefore_o to_o be_v avenge_v of_o this_o ingratitude_n and_o breach_n of_o promise_n rhys_n and_o owen_n no_o soon_o hear_v of_o it_o but_o they_o furious_o attack_v the_o castle_n and_o take_v it_o by_o assault_n and_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n or_o take_v prisoner_n all_o the_o garrison_n and_o then_o burn_v the_o castle_n to_o the_o ground_n a.d._n 1209_o this_o year_n king_n john_n levy_v a_o powerful_a army_n with_o which_o he_o make_v a_o voyage_n to_o ireland_n but_o as_o he_o be_v on_o the_o border_n of_o wales_n on_o his_o journey_n thitherwards_o there_o be_v a_o criminal_a bring_v before_o he_o who_o have_v murder_v a_o priest_n the_o officer_n desire_v to_o know_v the_o king_n pleasure_n how_o he_o will_v have_v the_o delinquent_n punish_v but_o the_o king_n instead_o of_o order_v any_o punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o he_o suitable_a to_o the_o heinousness_n of_o his_o crime_n discharge_v he_o with_o a_o well_o do_v thou_o good_a servant_n thou_o have_v slay_v my_o enemy_n for_o such_o he_o reckon_v the_o clergy_n of_o those_o day_n who_o be_v very_o ill-affected_a to_o his_o usurp_a arbitrary_a government_n and_o therefore_o he_o slight_o regard_v any_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v they_o nay_o think_v those_o do_v he_o good_a service_n who_o do_v they_o wrong_n he_o have_v not_o be_v long_o in_o ireland_n but_o he_o get_v into_o his_o clutch_n the_o unfortunate_a william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o young_a and_o his_o mother_n maud_n de_fw-fr saint_n valerike_a who_o we_o have_v mention_v afore_o to_o have_v quit_v england_n for_o fear_n of_o he_o and_o to_o have_v flee_v here_o for_o shelter_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n he_o bring_v these_o in_o triumph_n along_o with_o he_o and_o commit_v they_o to_o windsor-castle_n where_o by_o his_o order_n not_o long_o after_o they_o be_v inhuman_o famish_v the_o reason_n of_o king_n john_n displeasure_n against_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n lord_n of_o brecnock_n 303._o pag._n 303._o matthew_n paris_n deliver_v to_o be_v this_o when_o the_o pope_n have_v excommunicate_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o king_n to_o prevent_v any_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v ensue_v thereupon_o take_v pledge_n of_o such_o of_o his_o noble_n as_o he_o think_v be_v disaffect_v to_o he_o and_o will_v be_v like_a if_o occasion_n offer_v to_o countenance_n and_o promote_v a_o rebellion_n among_o other_o he_o send_v messenger_n to_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n to_o demand_v his_o son_n for_o pledge_n to_o who_o maud_n de_fw-fr bruce_n wife_n be_v the_o ready_a speaker_n answer_v though_o what_o she_o say_v be_v no_o less_o her_o husband_n sentiment_n than_o her_o own_o thar_z the_o king_n who_o have_v prove_v so_o base_a a_o guardian_n to_o his_o nephew_n prince_n arthur_n who_o instead_o of_o set_v in_o he_o deprive_v of_o his_o right_n shall_v have_v none_o of_o her_o child_n this_o answer_v the_o messenger_n deliver_v to_o the_o king_n whereat_o he_o be_v high_o displease_v that_o he_o order_v some_o soldier_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o seize_v this_o lord_n but_o he_o have_v timely_a intelligence_n of_o this_o order_n flee_v into_o ireland_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n where_o now_o his_o wife_n maud_n with_o her_o son_n be_v unfortunate_o take_v by_o king_n john_n but_o he_o himself_o escape_v and_o flee_v into_o france_n where_o not_o long_o after_o he_o die_v this_o year_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n rebuilt_a the_o castle_n of_o dyganwy_n situate_v on_o the_o seashore_n east_n of_o the_o river_n conway_n which_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v before_o demolish_v he_o likewise_o fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o treffynon_n or_o s._n wenefrid_n upon_o this_o lhewelyn_n enter_v into_o the_o earl_n land_n which_o when_o he_o have_v ravage_v sufficient_o he_o return_v home_o with_o considerable_a booty_n about_o this_o time_n rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n fear_v lest_o prince_n lhewelyn_n shall_v fall_v upon_o he_o for_o the_o wrong_n he_o have_v do_v to_o his_o nephew_n who_o he_o prince_n lhewelyn_n stiff_o defend_v in_o their_o right_n make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o ready_o grant_v he_o what_o succour_n he_o desire_v and_o with_o these_o he_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n the_o garrison_n
get_v nothing_o by_o this_o for_o rhys_n fychan_n perceive_v what_o he_o will_v fain_o be_v at_o raâ—ed_v senghennyth_n castle_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o custody_n in_o that_o country_n and_o banish_v the_o english_a with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n divide_v the_o country_n betwixt_o a.d._n 1218_o the_o welsh_a who_o keep_v sure_a possession_n of_o it_o prince_n lhewelyn_n also_o find_v those_o to_o become_v his_o foe_n who_o have_v but_o late_o court_v his_o friendship_n and_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o english_a be_v now_o in_o arm_n shall_v make_v any_o attempt_n upon_o his_o castle_n augment_v the_o garrison_n of_o carmardhyn_n and_o aberteifi_n to_o make_v they_o capable_a of_o withstand_v the_o english_a in_o case_n they_o shall_v come_v against_o they_o but_o though_o the_o welsh_a and_o english_a be_v at_o open_a variance_n and_o in_o actual_a hostility_n one_o against_o another_o yet_o young_a rhys_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n approbation_n and_o consent_n think_v it_o advisable_v to_o go_v and_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o his_o land_n in_o wales_n this_o may_v be_v think_v a_o matter_n of_o supererogation_n to_o make_v courtship_n to_o one_o who_o be_v declare_v enemy_n to_o all_o the_o welsh_a and_o one_o that_o will_v not_o in_o all_o probability_n suffer_v he_o to_o enjoy_v a_o quiet_a possession_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o case_n he_o have_v ability_n and_o opportunity_n to_o eject_v he_o but_o the_o welsh_a interest_n be_v a.d._n 1219_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n augment_v by_o a_o new_a alliance_n with_o some_o of_o the_o most_o powerful_a among_o the_o english_a rhys_n gryc_a prince_n rhy_n son_n be_v marry_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n daughter_n and_o marret_n prince_n lhewelyn_n daughter_n to_o john_n bruce_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n have_v quick_o a_o occasion_n to_o a.d._n 1220_o experience_n his_o power_n for_o the_o fleming_n in_o dyfed_a who_o have_v late_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o begin_v now_o to_o repent_v of_o what_o they_o have_v but_o a_o little_a time_n ago_o glad_o submit_v to_o and_o contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n and_o the_o league_n they_o have_v swear_v to_o observe_v they_o fall_v upon_o aberteifi_n castle_n which_o they_o take_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v high_o displease_v with_o the_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o these_o perjure_a fleming_n march_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v recover_v the_o castle_n which_o he_o afterward_o raze_v he_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n gwys_n be_v serve_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o the_o town_n of_o haverford_n be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o overrun_v rhos_n and_o daugledhau_n he_o commit_v a_o lamentable_a destruction_n throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n this_o the_o fleming_n receive_v as_o the_o due_a reward_n of_o their_o sinistrous_a deal_v which_o make_v they_o quick_o apprehensive_a of_o their_o folly_n and_o their_o imprudent_a behaviour_n towards_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o therefore_o be_v sorrowful_o sensible_a how_o unable_a they_o be_v to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o his_o far_a progress_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n they_o make_v overture_n for_o cessation_n of_o all_o hostility_n till_o the_o may_n follow_v which_o be_v grant_v they_o upon_o strict_a condition_n prince_n lhewelyn_n return_v to_o north-wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n some_o welsh_a lord_n besiege_v buelht_a castle_n which_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o reynald_n bruce_n but_o before_o they_o can_v take_v it_o king_n henry_n bring_v a_o army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o then_o march_v forward_o to_o montgomery_n build_v a_o new_a castle_n in_o that_o town_n a.d._n 1221_o the_o next_o year_n a_o unhappy_a dissension_n fall_v out_o betwixt_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o his_o son_n gruffydh_n this_o latter_a have_v keep_v himself_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o cantref_o of_o merionyth_n contrary_a to_o the_o consent_n and_o well-liking_a of_o his_o father_n the_o prince_n therefore_o have_v now_o no_o great_a matter_n of_o moment_n abroad_o be_v resolve_v to_o curb_v the_o insolency_n of_o his_o son_n and_o therefore_o send_v to_o he_o to_o command_v his_o appearance_n and_o to_o wish_v he_o to_o deliver_v up_o the_o cantref_o quiet_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o take_v it_o violent_o out_o of_o his_o hand_n gruffydh_fw-mi be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o dismay_v at_o his_o threaten_n but_o be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v what_o at_o present_a he_o enjoy_v will_v neither_o go_v to_o his_o father_n nor_o deliver_v up_o the_o cantref_n to_o he_o the_o prince_n be_v enrage_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v so_o slight_v by_o his_o son_n make_v a_o vehement_a protestation_n that_o he_o will_v be_v severe_o revenge_v both_o of_o he_o and_o all_o his_o accomplice_n and_o therefore_o come_v to_o merionyth_n with_o a_o great_a army_n be_v resolve_v to_o drive_v his_o son_n out_o of_o the_o country_n but_o gruffydh_n make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n to_o oppose_v his_o father_n and_o draw_v up_o his_o force_n to_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o when_o both_o army_n be_v ready_a to_o join_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o thâ—m_n be_v happy_o compose_v and_o gruffydh_n prevail_v upon_o to_o make_v his_o submission_n to_o his_o father_n but_o the_o prince_n though_o he_o forgive_v his_o son_n his_o offence_n and_o receive_v he_o to_o favour_n will_v not_o however_o permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v meâ—ionyth_n and_o ardydwy_n but_o take_v they_o away_o from_o he_o and_o build_v a_o castle_n in_o the_o latter_a return_v home_o but_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v long_o at_o his_o palace_n aâ—_n aberffraw_n when_o another_o occasion_n call_v he_o abroad_o for_o young_a rhys_n be_v disappoint_v of_o aberteifi_n which_o in_o the_o division_n of_o south_n wales_n be_v allot_v to_o his_o share_n forsake_v the_o prince_n and_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o willam_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n prince_n lhewelyn_n hear_v this_o march_v in_o great_a haste_n to_o aberystwyth_n and_o be_v desirous_a to_o punish_v rhys_n for_o his_o desertion_n from_o his_o allegiance_n due_a to_o he_o seize_v to_o his_o own_o use_n that_o castle_n together_o with_o all_o the_o demain_fw-fr and_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o when_o rhys_n understand_v what_o the_o prince_n have_v do_v he_o present_o make_v his_o complaint_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o come_v to_o shrewsbury_n and_o send_v for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n adjust_v matter_n so_o betwixt_o they_o that_o the_o prince_n promise_v to_o treat_v with_o rhys_n for_o aberteifi_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o have_v do_v with_o maelgon_n for_o caermardhyn_n and_o towards_o the_o close_a of_o the_o year_n john_n bruce_n prince_n lhewelyn_n son_n in_o law_n obtain_v leave_v to_o fortify_v senghennyth_n castle_n which_o in_o right_a to_o the_o prince_n grant_n to_o raynald_n bruce_n belong_v to_o he_o but_o young_a rhys_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v the_o agreement_n betwixt_o he_o and_o prince_n lhewelyn_n for_o he_o die_v the_o follow_a a.d._n 1222_o year_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o ystratflur_n after_o who_o death_n the_o prince_n divide_v his_o estate_n betwixt_o his_o brother_n owen_n and_o his_o uncle_n maelgon_n william_n marshal_z earl_n of_o pembrock_n be_v now_o in_o ireland_n and_o very_o busy_a in_o prosecute_a the_o war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n enemy_n in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o opportunity_n of_o who_o absence_n prince_n lhewelyn_n take_v advantage_n of_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o caermardhyn_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n and_o put_v both_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n place_v in_o their_o room_n a_o strong_a party_n of_o his_o own_o men._n but_o when_o the_o earl_n be_v inform_v of_o what_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n have_v do_v he_o present_o leave_v ireland_n and_o land_v at_o s._n david_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o have_v recover_v his_o castle_n he_o treat_v the_o welsh_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v use_v his_o garrison_n and_o pass_v forward_o into_o the_o prince_n country_n destroy_v all_o before_o he_o as_o he_o go_v along_o the_o prince_n understanding_n how_o violent_o he_o come_v forward_o send_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n with_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n to_o check_v his_o fury_n who_o come_v to_o cydwely_n and_o receive_v intelligence_n that_o the_o magistrate_n of_o that_o place_n have_v a_o private_a design_n to_o betray_v he_o to_o the_o enemy_n he_o put_v the_o whole_a town_n in_o flame_n and_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n without_o spare_v either_o church_n or_o other_o religious_a house_n the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n tywy_a at_o caermardhyn_n where_o gruffydh_n meet_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o the_o victory_n prove_v so_o uncertain_a that_o the_o night_n be_v force_v to_o part_v they_o and_o
warden_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n who_o think_v to_o get_v to_o himself_o a_o eternal_a name_n in_o conquer_a the_o welsh_a raise_v all_o the_o power_n he_o can_v and_o imagine_v that_o the_o welsh_a can_v not_o be_v privy_a to_o his_o purpose_n he_o apprehend_v he_o can_v fall_v upon_o the_o earl-marshal_n unexpected_a but_o in_o this_o he_o be_v to_o his_o sorrow_n most_o wide_o mistake_v for_o the_o earl_n have_v receive_v private_a intimation_n of_o his_o design_n hide_v himself_o â—n_o a_o certain_a wood_n by_o which_o the_o english_a be_v to_o march_v and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v so_o far_o the_o welsh_a of_o a_o sudden_a give_v a_o great_a shout_n and_o leap_v out_o of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v abscond_v themselves_o in_o they_o fall_v â—pon_o the_o english_a be_v unprovided_a and_o put_v their_o whole_a army_n to_o flight_n they_o slay_v a_o infinite_a number_n both_o of_o the_o english_a and_o their_o auxiliary_n john_n of_o monmouth_n himself_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o the_o earl-marshal_n enter_v his_o country_n destroy_v it_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o what_o add_v to_o the_o misery_n of_o the_o english_a prince_n lhewelyn_n in_o the_o week_n after_o epiphany_n join_v the_o earl-marshal_n make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o king_n territory_n destroy_v all_o before_o they_o from_o the_o confine_n of_o wales_n to_o shrewsbury_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o they_o lay_v in_o ash_n king_n henry_n be_v all_o this_o while_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n at_o gloucester_n and_o for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a power_n or_o courage_n to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n dare_v not_o take_v the_o field_n of_o which_o be_v at_o length_n perfect_o ashamed_a he_o remove_v to_o winchester_n leave_v the_o march_n naked_a to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o now_o there_o be_v no_o apprehension_n of_o fear_n from_o the_o english_a the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o geoffrey_n de_fw-fr marisco_n transport_v his_o army_n into_o ireland_n think_v to_o obtain_v a_o conquest_n in_o that_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_n with_o the_o irish_a he_o be_v unfortunate_o slay_v through_o the_o treachery_n of_o his_o own_o man_n and_o so_o his_o estate_n and_o title_n descend_v to_o his_o brother_n gilbert_n but_o king_n henry_n find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o force_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o submission_n and_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n weary_a of_o continual_a war_n and_o incessant_a hostility_n think_v it_o his_o best_a prudence_n to_o make_v some_o honourable_a agreement_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o therefore_o he_o depute_v edmund_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n coventry_n and_o lichfield_n and_o chester_n to_o treat_v with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n about_o a_o peace_n when_o the_o king_n come_v to_o meet_v with_o they_o in_o their_o return_n from_o this_o negotiation_n be_v at_o woodstock_n he_o be_v certify_v of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n which_o he_o take_v so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o he_o present_o melt_v into_o tear_n be_v afflict_v for_o the_o death_n of_o so_o great_a a_o person_n who_o he_o open_o declare_v have_v not_o leave_v his_o second_o in_o all_o his_o kingdom_n go_v from_o thence_o to_o gloucester_n he_o meet_v with_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n who_o deliver_v to_o he_o the_o appendix_n the_o see_v the_o appendix_n form_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o he_o will_v not_o conclude_v unless_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o all_o the_o english_a nobility_n who_o be_v confederated_a with_o he_o and_o by_o evil_a counsel_n be_v exile_v shall_v be_v recall_v and_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n favour_n the_o archbishop_n further_o acquaint_v his_o majesty_n with_o what_o difficulty_n he_o have_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o this_o conclusion_n be_v sometime_o force_v to_o add_v threaten_n on_o the_o king_n behalf_n with_o his_o clergy_n to_o which_o menace_n the_o prince_n be_v say_v to_o have_v answer_v that_o he_o bear_v more_o regard_n to_o the_o king_n charity_n and_o piety_n than_o he_o do_v fear_v his_o arm_n or_o dread_v his_o clergy_n but_o the_o king_n who_o be_v very_o desirous_a of_o a_o peace_n ready_o consent_v to_o what_o the_o prince_n require_v and_o therefore_o he_o issue_v out_o his_o letter_n recall_v all_o the_o noble_n who_o be_v outlaw_v or_o otherwise_o exile_v require_v they_o to_o appear_v at_o gloucester_n upon_o sunday_n next_o before_o ascension_n day_n where_o they_o shall_v receive_v their_o pardon_n and_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o estate_n which_o the_o king_n have_v take_v into_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a prince_n lhewelyn_n set_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n at_o liberty_n who_o for_o his_o disobedient_a and_o restless_a humour_n he_o have_v detain_v in_o close_a prison_n for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o year_n about_o the_o same_o time_n cadwalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maelgon_fw-mi of_o melienydh_n depart_v this_o life_n who_o be_v quick_o follow_v by_o owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n a_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o exceed_o belove_v and_o a.d._n 1235_o be_v bury_v at_o ystratflur_n by_o his_o brother_n rhys_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v dye_v owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n of_o cydewen_n and_o not_o long_o after_o he_o madawc_n 1236._o a._n d._n 1236._o the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n mayelor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n chirk_n and_o yale_n who_o be_v bury_v at_o the_o abbey_n of_o lhan_n egwest_n or_o vale_fw-la crucis_fw-la which_o he_o have_v build_v leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o one_o son_n call_v gruffydh_n who_o succeed_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o all_o these_o lordship_n a_o little_a after_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n get_v by_o treachery_n marchen_a castle_n which_o belong_v to_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n and_o fortify_v the_o same_o very_o strong_o for_o fear_v of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n the_o next_o spring_n joan_n king_n john_n daughter_n and_o princess_n of_o wales_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v a.d._n 1237_o bury_v according_a to_o her_o own_o desire_n upon_o the_o seashore_n at_o a_o place_n call_v lhanfaes_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n where_o the_o prince_n in_o memory_n of_o she_o afterward_o found_v a_o religious_a house_n for_o the_o order_n of_o mendicant-friar_n about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o die_v john_n scot_n earl_n of_o chester_n without_o any_o issue_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o king_n seize_v that_o earldom_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n hugh_n lupus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o enjoy_v this_o honour_n who_o come_v over_o to_o england_n with_o the_o conqueror_n be_v by_o he_o create_v earl_n of_o chester_n and_o sword-bearer_n of_o england_n habendum_fw-la &_o tenendum_fw-la dictum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la ita_fw-la liberè_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la sicut_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la totam_fw-la tenebat_fw-la angliam_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v the_o say_a county_n of_o chester_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n by_o right_a of_o the_o sword_n so_o free_o and_o secure_o as_o the_o king_n hold_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n after_o five_o descent_n randulph_n bohun_n come_v to_o be_v earl_n of_o chester_n who_o be_v uncle_n to_o this_o john_n the_o last_o earl_n this_o randulph_n have_v several_a encounter_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o be_v in_o continual_a agitation_n against_o he_o but_o once_o more_o particular_o meet_v with_o the_o prince_n and_o be_v sensible_a of_o his_o inability_n to_o withstand_v he_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n which_o the_o prince_n present_o besiege_v randulph_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v in_o danger_n send_v to_o roger_n lacie_n constable_n of_o chester_n request_v he_o to_o raise_v what_o strength_n he_o can_v possible_a and_o come_v to_o succour_v he_o in_o this_o extremity_n wherefore_o lacie_n have_v receive_v this_o express_a call_v to_o he_o present_o all_o his_o friend_n desire_v they_o to_o make_v all_o the_o endeavour_n imaginable_a to_o rescue_v the_o earl_n from_o that_o imminent_a danger_n which_o so_o severe_o threaten_v he_o at_o who_o request_n ralph_n dutton_n his_o son_n in_o law_n a_o valorous_a youth_n assemble_v together_o all_o the_o player_n and_o musician_n and_o such_o as_o then_o be_v fair-time_n have_v meet_v to_o make_v merry_a and_o present_v they_o to_o the_o constable_n he_o forthwith_o march_v to_o ruthlan_n raise_v the_o siege_n and_o deliver_v the_o earl_n from_o all_o his_o fear_n in_o recompense_n of_o this_o service_n the_o earl_n grant_v the_o constable_n several_a freedom_n and_o privilege_n and_o to_o dutton_n the_o roll_a and_o order_v all_o player_n and_o musician_n within_o the_o say_a country_n to_o be_v
both_o of_o england_n and_o wales_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o the_o sad_a consequence_n of_o another_o war_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v prevent_v but_o by_o use_v we_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o former_a peace_n which_o for_o our_o part_n we_o will_v in_o no_o measure_n transgress_v but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o your_o counsel_n we_o hope_v that_o you_o will_v hâ—ld_v we_o excuse_v if_o the_o nation_n be_v disquiet_v and_o trouble_v thereupon_o which_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v we_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v king_n edward_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o excuse_n noâ—_n harken_v to_o any_o manner_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o case_n but_o be_v unmerciful_o enrage_v and_o conceive_v a_o unpardonable_a displeasure_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o yet_o he_o think_v convenient_a to_o conceal_v and_o dissemble_v for_o a_o time_n indeed_o he_o can_v never_o abide_v lhewelyn_n â—â—nce_v the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o â—ight_n by_o he_o at_o the_o march_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a cause_n â—f_a king_n edward_n anger_n original_o proceed_v from_o 〈◊〉_d point_n of_o honour_n which_o this_o refusal_n of_o homage_n â—â—rved_v sufficient_o to_o increase_v but_o to_o prosecute_v his_o revenge_n which_o upon_o this_o score_n be_v in_o prince_n very_o â—erce_a and_o unforgetful_a in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o come_v to_o â—hester_n mean_v to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o he_o can_v â—ot_n obtain_v by_o fair_a mean_n from_o hence_o he_o send_v to_o â—â—e_z prince_n of_o wales_n require_v he_o to_o come_v over_o and_o 〈◊〉_d he_o homage_n which_o lhewelyn_n either_o absolute_o reâ—â—sing_v or_o willing_o detract_n to_o do_v king_n edwardâ—ade_v â—ade_z ready_a his_o army_n to_o force_v he_o to_o it_o but_o there_o a.d._n 1277_o â—â—ppened_v a_o accident_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o â—rince_n lhewelyn_n stubborness_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o countess_n of_o leicester_n the_o widow_n of_o simon_n montfortâ—ho_n â—ho_z live_v at_o montargis_n a_o nunnery_n in_o france_n send_v over_o 〈◊〉_d wales_n her_o daughter_n the_o lady_n eleanor_n who_o â—hewelyn_n extreme_o love_v with_o her_o brother_n aemeâ—ke_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o her_o father_n earl_n montfort_n time_n â—ut_fw-la aemerike_n fear_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o â—ngland_n steer_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o island_n of_o scilly_a where_o by_o the_o way_n they_o be_v all_o take_v by_o four_o bristol_n ship_n and_o bring_v to_o king_n edward_n who_o receive_v the_o lady_n very_o honourable_o but_o commit_v her_o â—â—other_n prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o coff_n whence_o he_o be_v afterwards_o remove_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o shirburne_n the_o â—ing_n have_v obtain_v this_o unexpected_a advantage_n over_o â—hewelyn_n begin_v bold_o to_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o so_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battalion_n lead_v one_o himself_o â—â—to_o north-wales_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o ruthlan_n where_o he_o strong_o fortify_v the_o castle_n the_o other_o he_o ommit_v to_o paganus_fw-la de_fw-la camurtiis_fw-la a_o great_a soldier_n â—ho_n enter_v into_o west-wales_n burn_v and_o destroy_v 〈◊〉_d great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n but_o the_o people_n of_o south-wales_n fear_v that_o his_o next_o expedition_n be_v level_v â—gainst_a they_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o â—ing_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n and_o then_o deliver_v â—_z castle_n of_o ystratywy_a to_o paganus_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n hear_v of_o this_o and_o find_v his_o own_o subject_n to_o forsake_v he_o but_o more_o especial_o be_v desirous_a to_o recover_v his_o espouse_v the_o lady_n eleanor_n think_v it_o likewise_o advisable_v to_o submit_v and_o therefore_o sue_v to_o king_n edward_n for_o a_o peace_n who_o grant_v it_o but_o upon_o very_o severe_a condition_n upon_o lhewelyns_n side_n the_o agreement_n consist_v of_o ten_o article_n which_o be_v 1._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v set_v at_o liberty_n all_o manner_n of_o prisoner_n that_o upon_o the_o king_n account_n be_v detain_v in_o custody_n 2._o that_o for_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o good_a will_n he_o shall_v pay_v 50000_o mark_n to_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n 3._o that_o these_o four_o cantred_n or_o hundred_o viz._n cantref_n ros_n where_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o teganwy_n stand_v ryfonioc_n where_o denbigh_n tegengl_n where_o ruthlan_n dyffryn_n clwyd_n where_o rhuthyn_n stand_v shall_v remain_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n 4._o that_o the_o lord_n marcher_n shall_v quiet_o enjoy_v all_o the_o land_n they_o have_v conquer_v within_o wales_n except_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v whole_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n 5._o that_o in_o consideration_n of_o this_o island_n the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v 5000_o mark_n in_o hand_n with_o the_o reserve_n of_o a_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a to_o begin_v at_o michaelmas_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o whole_a island_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n 6._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v come_v every_o year_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v his_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o all_o his_o land_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n except_v five_o in_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o 8._o that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n shall_v remain_v only_o for_o his_o life_n and_o not_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o five_o lord_n of_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n only_o from_o the_o king_n 9_o that_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o article_n the_o prince_n shall_v deliver_v up_o for_o hostage_n ten_o person_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n in_o the_o country_n without_o imprison_v disinherit_n and_o any_o time_n of_o redemption_n determine_v and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v choose_v twenty_o person_n within_o north-wales_n who_o beside_o the_o prince_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n shall_v swerve_v and_o recede_v from_o they_o and_o upon_o admonition_n â—hereof_o not_o repent_v they_o shall_v forsake_v he_o and_o become_v his_o enemy_n 10._o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—uffer_v his_o brethren_n quiet_o to_o enjoy_v their_o land_n in_o wales_n whereof_o david_n for_o his_o service_n be_v dub_v knight_n by_o the_o king_n and_o have_v the_o earl_n of_o derby_n widow_n give_v he_o in_o matrimony_n and_o with_o she_o as_o 〈◊〉_d portion_n the_o castle_n of_o denbigh_n in_o north-wales_n beâ—ides_v a_o 1000_o pound_n in_o land_n his_o other_o brother_n roderic_n be_v late_o escape_v out_o of_o prison_n into_o england_n â—nd_v the_o young_a call_v owen_n be_v upon_o his_o composition_n deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n king_n edward_n have_v impose_v these_o severe_a and_o unmerciful_a condition_n upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o for_o a_o better_a security_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberystwyth_n return_v very_o honourable_o into_o england_n upon_o who_o arrival_n the_o people_n willing_o grant_v he_o a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n towards_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o war._n but_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submit_v to_o these_o intolerable_a condition_n more_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o amour_n and_o to_o regain_v the_o lady_n eleanora_n out_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hand_n than_o that_o he_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o any_o considerable_a danger_n he_o may_v receive_v by_o the_o english_a troop_n for_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o a_o prince_n of_o such_o notorious_a conduct_n and_o valour_n will_v so_o easy_o accept_v of_o such_o hard_a term_n and_o in_o a_o measure_n deliver_v up_o his_o principality_n when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n so_o to_o do_v without_o resist_v a_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v frequent_o overcome_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v back_o with_o great_a inequality_n than_o the_o english_a have_v at_o present_a over_o he_o but_o the_o force_n of_o â—ove_n work_v wonder_n and_o in_o this_o case_n prove_v moâ—t_n irresistible_a which_o to_o obtain_v lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v hard_a to_o forfeit_v his_o proper_a right_n to_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o for_o ever_o to_o exclude_v his_o posterity_n from_o succeed_v in_o their_o lawful_a inheritance_n the_o next_o year_n a.d._n 1273_o therefore_o he_o have_v his_o wish_n accomplish_v and_o be_v marry_v to_o eleanora_n at_o worcester_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o england_n honour_v the_o wedding_n with_o their_o presence_n but_o this_o specious_a amity_n and_o the_o peace_n laâ—â—_n conclude_v betwixt_o they_o
and_o may_v be_v to_o their_o great_a oppression_n in_o those_o right_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v and_o hitherto_o enjoy_v with_o their_o estate_n and_o also_o on_o occasion_n of_o great_a vexation_n to_o many_o of_o your_o majesty_n subject_n who_o have_v long_o have_v the_o absolute_a inheritance_n of_o several_a land_n comprehend_v in_o the_o say_a grant_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n by_o ancient_a grant_n from_o the_o crown_n his_o majesty_n answer_n gentleman_n i_o have_v kindness_n for_o my_o lord_n portland_n which_o he_o have_v deserve_v of_o i_o by_o long_a and_o faithful_a service_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v give_v he_o these_o land_n if_o i_o have_v imagine_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o can_v have_v be_v concern_v i_o will_v therefore_o recall_v the_o grant_n and_o find_v some_o other_o way_n of_o show_v my_o favour_n to_o he_o the_o lordship_n of_o ruthyn_n continue_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o grays_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vii_o when_o george_n grey_n earl_n of_o kent_n and_o lord_n of_o ruthyn_n upon_o some_o bargain_n pass_v the_o same_o over_o to_o the_o king_n since_o which_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o afterward_o come_v to_o the_o middleton_n of_o chirk_n castle_n in_o the_o county_n of_o denbigh_n where_o it_o still_o continue_v be_v now_o enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n richard_n middleton_n baronet_n but_o beside_o henry_n lacie_n and_o reginald_n grey_n several_z other_z gentleman_n of_o quality_n come_v at_o this_o time_n with_o king_n edward_n to_o north-wales_n who_o in_o some_o time_n become_v to_o be_v man_n of_o great_a possession_n and_o sway_n in_o the_o country_n who_o posterity_n enjoy_v the_o same_o to_o this_o time_n but_o he_o that_o expect_v to_o fare_v best_a in_o the_o distribution_n of_o these_o lordship_n and_o estate_n in_o wales_n be_v one_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n a_o welsh_a man_n and_o one_o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o allegiance_n swear_v to_o his_o prince_n and_o his_o duty_n to_o his_o native_a country_n have_v serve_v the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o all_o these_o war_n and_o do_v the_o great_a hurt_n of_o any_o man_n to_o the_o interest_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n for_o these_o great_a service_n do_v to_o king_n edward_n rhys_n expect_v no_o less_o than_o to_o be_v promote_v to_o the_o high_a preferment_n who_o the_o king_n after_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n overthrow_n first_o dub_v knight_n and_o afterward_o feed_v he_o with_o fair_a word_n and_o great_a promise_n but_o when_o he_o and_o all_o his_o neighbour_n and_o countryman_n have_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o lord_n pain_v tipto_v warden_n of_o the_o king_n castle_n which_o join_v to_o rhy_n country_n and_o the_o lord_n alan_n plucknet_n the_o king_n steward_n in_o wales_n cite_v sir_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o country_n to_o the_o king_n court_n which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v allege_v his_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o liberty_n together_o with_o the_o king_n promise_n to_o he_o the_o foresay_a officer_n proceed_v against_o he_o according_a to_o law_n whereupon_o a.d._n 1289_o sir_n rhys_n be_v great_o vex_v to_o be_v thus_o serve_v by_o those_o whole_a interest_n he_o have_v all_o this_o while_n so_o warm_o espouse_v think_v to_o be_v revenge_v of_o pain_n tipto_v and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a and_o to_o that_o end_n have_v draw_v together_o some_o of_o his_o tenant_n and_o countryman_n he_o fall_v upon_o the_o say_a pain_n tipto_v between_o who_o several_a skirmish_n afterward_o happen_v and_o several_a man_n be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n king_n edward_n be_v now_o at_o arragon_n to_o compose_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o naples_n but_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o disturbance_n which_o have_v happen_v in_o wales_n betwixt_o his_o minister_n there_o and_o sir_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n he_o write_v to_o this_o latter_a require_v he_o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n till_o his_o return_n at_o what_o time_n he_o will_v redress_v all_o grievance_n and_o reduce_v matter_n to_o a_o good_a and_o reasonable_a order_n but_o sir_n rhys_n have_v already_o wait_v sufficient_o upon_o the_o king_n promise_n and_o be_v now_o in_o a_o good_a condition_n to_o offend_v his_o enemy_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n will_v not_o give_v over_o the_o enterprise_n he_o see_v so_o promise_v but_o march_v with_o his_o force_n to_o his_o enemy_n land_n burn_v and_o spoil_v several_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o english_a upon_o this_o the_o king_n send_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n who_o he_o have_v appoint_v his_o deputy_n during_o his_o absence_n to_o march_v with_o a_o army_n into_o wales_n to_o repress_v the_o insolence_n and_o to_o prevent_v any_o far_a disorderly_a attempt_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o earl_n according_o prepare_v a_o army_n and_o go_v against_o sir_n rhy_n who_o army_n he_o quick_o disperse_v and_o overthrow_v his_o castle_n of_o drefolan_n but_o not_o without_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o of_o his_o chief_a men._n for_o as_o they_o besiege_v and_o undermine_v the_o say_a castle_n the_o wall_n unexpected_o fall_v down_o by_o which_o unlucky_a accident_n several_a of_o the_o english_a be_v oppress_v and_o bruise_v to_o death_n among_o who_o be_v the_o lord_n strafford_n and_o the_o lord_n william_n de_fw-fr monchency_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o robert_z tiptost_a lord_n deputy_n of_o wales_n raise_v a_o very_a powerful_a army_n against_o sir_n rhys_n and_o after_o a_o slaughter_n of_o 4000_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v he_o prisoner_n who_o the_o michaelmas_n follow_v at_o the_o king_n be_v go_v to_o scotland_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v at_o york_n a.d._n 1293_o but_o the_o death_n of_o sir_n rhys_n do_v not_o put_v a_o final_a period_n to_o all_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a for_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o there_o happen_v a_o new_a occasion_n for_o the_o welsh_a to_o murmur_v against_o and_o upbraid_v the_o government_n of_o the_o english_a over_o they_o king_n edward_n be_v now_o in_o actual_a enmity_n and_o war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o which_o he_o want_v a_o liberal_a subsidy_n and_o supply_n from_o his_o subject_n this_o tax_n be_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o passion_n and_o reluctancy_n levy_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n the_o welsh_a being_n never_o acquaint_v with_o such_o large_a contribution_n before_o a.d._n 1294_o violent_o storm_v and_o exclaim_v against_o it_o but_o not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o villify_a the_o king_n command_n they_o take_v their_o own_o captain_n roger_n de_fw-fr puelesdon_n who_o be_v appoint_v collector_n of_o the_o say_a subsidy_n and_o hang_v he_o up_o together_o with_o divers_z other_o who_o abet_v the_o collect_v of_o the_o tax_n then_o west-wales_n man_n choose_v maelgon_n fychan_n for_o their_o captain_n and_o so_o enter_v into_o caermardhyn_n and_o pembroke-shire_n they_o cruel_o harass_v all_o the_o land_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a and_o then_o return_v lade_v with_o considerable_a booty_n the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n and_o they_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n choose_v one_o morgan_n for_o their_o leader_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o they_o force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o morgan_n be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o those_o land_n which_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o morgan_n forefather_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o north-wales_n man_n set_v up_o one_o madoc_n relate_v to_o the_o last_o lhewelyn_n slay_v at_o buelht_n who_o have_v draw_v together_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n come_v to_o caernarvon_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o english_a who_o in_o great_a multitude_n have_v then_o resort_v thither_o to_o a_o fair_a slay_v a_o great_a many_o and_o afterward_o spoil_v and_o ransack_v the_o whole_a town_n king_n edward_n be_v acquaint_v with_o these_o different_a insurrection_n and_o rebellion_n in_o wales_n and_o desirous_a to_o quell_v the_o pride_n and_o stubborness_n of_o the_o welsh_a but_o most_o of_o all_o to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o great_a favourite_n roger_n de_fw-fr pulesdon_n recall_v his_o brother_n edmund_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n and_o henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n and_o lord_n of_o denbigh_n who_o with_o a_o considerable_a army_n be_v ready_a to_o embark_v for_o gascoign_n and_o countermand_v they_o into_o wales_n be_v arrive_v there_o they_o pass_v quiet_o forward_a till_o they_o come_v to_o denbigh_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o draw_v near_o unto_o the_o castle_n upon_o st._n martin_n day_n the_o welsh_a
with_o great_a fury_n and_o courage_n face_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n force_v they_o back_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n polydore_v virgil_n say_v but_o upon_o what_o authority_n be_v not_o know_v that_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v this_o victory_n rather_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o english_a army_n be_v hire_v with_o such_o money_n as_o have_v be_v wrongful_o take_v out_o of_o the_o abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a place_n so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o judgement_n from_o above_o more_o than_o the_o force_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o overcome_v the_o english_a army_n but_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o english_a be_v vanquish_v upon_o which_o account_n king_n edward_n come_v in_o person_n to_o wales_n and_o keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o aberconwey_n where_o robert_n winchelsey_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v return_v from_o rome_n come_v to_o he_o and_o have_v do_v homage_n return_v honourable_o again_o to_o england_n 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cemaes_n roger_n mortimer_n for_o his_o land_n in_o wales_n henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n for_o rhos_n and_o rhyfoneioc_n robert_n lord_n montalt_n for_o his_o land_n and_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o poole_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n pay_v their_o homage_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n of_o anglesey_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n archdeacon_n of_o anglesey_n eineon_n ap_fw-mi howel_n of_o caernarvon_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v gruffydh_fw-mi â—ychan_fw-mi son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n madoc_n fychan_n denglfield_n lhewelyn_n bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_z richard_z de_fw-fr pulesdon_n this_o last_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n be_v constitute_v sheriff_n of_o caernarvon_n for_o life_n with_o the_o stipend_n of_o forty_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a at_o the_o same_o place_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tudor_n ithel_n fychan_n ithel_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n with_o many_o more_o do_v their_o 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ei_fw-la diaboâ—s_fw-la delegavit_fw-la praeterea_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la impungitis_fw-la dicenâ—_n quod_fw-la regales_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la &_o personas_fw-la ecclesiasticas_fw-la â—udeli_fw-la vastavit_fw-la tyrannide_fw-la &_o consumunt_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la tater_fw-la respondemus_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la praedicta_fw-la mala_fw-la â—ec_fw-la fieri_fw-la mandavit_fw-la nec_fw-la rata_fw-la habuit_fw-la quin_fw-la potius_fw-la nobis_fw-la â—btulit_fw-la ultronei_fw-la quod_fw-la quam_fw-la citò_fw-la aderit_fw-la oportunitas_fw-la â—cclesiarum_fw-la proponit_fw-la dispendia_fw-la resarcire_fw-la quod_fw-la differt_fw-la â—sque_fw-la ad_fw-la sedatam_fw-la guerrae_fw-la tempestatem_fw-la ne_fw-la si_fw-la prius_fw-la fiest_z destruerentur_fw-la iterum_fw-la per_fw-la latrones_fw-la praeterea_fw-la timetis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d anglia_fw-it honorem_fw-la suscipere_fw-la ne_o consequenter_fw-la vobis_fw-la ocâ—asionata_fw-la malitia_fw-la auferatur_fw-la cum_fw-la tamen_fw-la fateamini_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la nullum_fw-la suum_fw-la exhaeredaverit_fw-la inimicum_fw-la quoth_v frustra_fw-la vos_fw-la timere_fw-la credimus_fw-la si_fw-la legaliter_fw-la vivere_fw-la â—os_v &_o vestri_fw-la didiceritis_fw-la &_o non_fw-la a_o pari_fw-la cum_fw-la domino_fw-la â—estro_fw-la contendere_fw-la vel_fw-la certare_fw-la moor_n vobis_fw-la &_o popuâ—o_fw-la vestro_fw-la causamini_fw-la incognitos_fw-la &_o nos_fw-la è_fw-la contrario_fw-la opiâ—amur_fw-la quod_fw-la expediret_fw-la vobis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o mores_fw-la penitus_fw-la transformari_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la sitis_fw-la sicut_fw-la â—aeteri_fw-la homines_fw-la donis_fw-la dei_fw-la gratuitis_fw-la adornati_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o veâ—tro_fw-la anglo_n devoramini_fw-la ut_fw-la nec_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la juvetis_fw-la conâ—ra_fw-la host_n fidei_fw-la militando_fw-la nec_fw-la clerum_fw-la study_v sapientiae_fw-la exceptis_fw-la paucissimis_fw-la decoretis_fw-la quin_fw-la potius_fw-la maâ—or_fw-la pars_fw-la vestrûm_fw-la torpet_fw-la otio_fw-la &_o lascivis_fw-la ut_fw-la pene_fw-la neâ—ciat_fw-la mundus_fw-la vos_fw-la esse_fw-la populum_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la paucos_fw-la ex_fw-la vobis_fw-la qui_fw-la videntur_fw-la ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la in_fw-la mendicare_fw-la deinde_fw-la â—cribitis_fw-la quod_fw-la creditis_fw-la altissimum_fw-la vos_fw-la juvare_fw-la pro_fw-la justitia_fw-la decertantes_fw-la utinam_fw-la inquam_fw-la altissimus_fw-la juvet_fw-la vos_fw-la salubriter_fw-la &_o dirigat_fw-la ad_fw-la salutem_fw-la sed_fw-la ne_fw-la ruinas_fw-la aliquas_fw-la anglorum_fw-la ex_fw-la inconsideratione_fw-la sva_fw-la provenientes_fw-la vestris_fw-la velitis_fw-la meritis_fw-la arrogare_fw-la curetis_fw-la ad_fw-la vertere_fw-la qualiter_fw-la qui_fw-la iâ—_n coelis_fw-la habitat_fw-la fatuos_fw-la sublimat_n &_o elevat_fw-la ad_fw-la modicum_fw-la ut_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la allidat_fw-la sic_fw-la certe_fw-la olim_fw-la populus_fw-la dei_fw-la electuâ—_n ante_fw-la harum_fw-la repertam_fw-la civitatem_fw-la pro_fw-la unius_fw-la anathemate_fw-la consortis_fw-la versus_fw-la in_o fugam_fw-la quosdam_fw-la suorum_fw-la perdidiâ—_n bellatorum_fw-la sic_fw-la certe_fw-la quater_fw-la centena_fw-la millia_fw-la bellatorum_fw-la duodecim_fw-la tribuum_fw-la israel_n in_fw-la svo_fw-la numero_fw-la &_o fortitudine_fw-la confidentes_fw-la ab_fw-la unius_fw-la tribus_fw-la modico_fw-la populo_fw-la occisis_fw-la ex_fw-la 40_o millibus_fw-la bellatorum_fw-la per_fw-la vice_n varias_fw-la sunt_fw-la confusi_fw-la cum_fw-la tamen_fw-la purgato_fw-la unius_fw-la anathemate_fw-la praedicta_fw-la civitas_n finaliter_fw-la deleta_fw-la fuerit_fw-la per_fw-la illos_fw-la qui_fw-la prius_fw-la confusi_fw-la fuerant_fw-la &_o per_fw-la lacrymas_fw-la placato_fw-la domino_fw-la cum_fw-la jejuniis_fw-la oblatis_fw-la sacrificiis_fw-la tribus_fw-la illa_fw-la quae_fw-la praevaluerat_fw-la prius_fw-la per_fw-la prius_fw-la confusos_fw-la quasi_fw-la totaliter_fw-la sit_fw-la deleta_fw-la sic_fw-la certe_fw-la aliter_fw-la flagellat_n dominus_fw-la filios_fw-la quos_fw-la recipit_fw-la &_o aliter_fw-la quos_fw-la decernit_fw-la ut_fw-la arbores_fw-la steriles_fw-la extirpare_fw-la ista_fw-la vobis_fw-la scribimus_fw-la in_o cordis_fw-la amaritudine_fw-la ab_fw-la his_fw-la partibus_fw-la recedentes_fw-la nec_fw-la prenidicare_fw-la intendimus_fw-la salubriori_fw-la consilio_fw-la si_fw-la vobis_fw-la coelitus_fw-la destinetur_fw-la nec_fw-la latere_fw-la vos_fw-la volumus_fw-la quod_fw-la nullum_fw-la per_fw-la vos_fw-la invenimus_fw-la excusationis_fw-la sufficiens_fw-la remedium_fw-la quo_fw-la obstante_fw-la minime_fw-la debeatis_fw-la in_o excors_fw-la irnam_n incidisse_fw-la pernuntiari_fw-la dudum_fw-la latet_fw-la in_o oxon_n consilio_fw-la contra_fw-la pacis_fw-la regiae_fw-la turbatores_fw-la viam_fw-la autem_fw-la pacis_fw-la aliam_fw-la invenire_fw-la non_fw-la possumus_fw-la nec_fw-la adhuc_fw-la in_o spe_fw-la sumus_fw-la aliud_fw-la obtinendi_fw-la sed_fw-la si_fw-la nobis_fw-la aliquid_fw-la consultius_fw-la videatur_fw-la agendum_fw-la vobis_fw-la numquam_fw-la claudemus_fw-la gremium_fw-la nec_fw-la auxilium_fw-la denegabimus_fw-la opportunum_fw-la dat._n apud_fw-la ruthelan_n 18_o calend_n decemb._n ann._n dom._n 1282._o lewelinus_fw-la autem_fw-la princeps_fw-la walliae_fw-la praedictus_fw-la spretis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la oblationibus_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la formis_fw-la post_fw-la scriptis_fw-la invasit_fw-la hostiliter_fw-la terram_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la destruendo_fw-la eam_fw-la incendio_fw-la &_o rapina_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la homines_fw-la terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la trahendo_fw-la &_o à _fw-la bonitate_fw-la pacis_fw-la regiae_fw-la separando_fw-la qui_fw-la tamen_fw-la princeps_fw-la infra_fw-la mensem_fw-la illum_fw-la ignominosa_fw-la morte_fw-la primus_fw-la de_fw-la exercitu_fw-la svo_fw-la occisus_fw-la est_fw-la per_fw-la familiam_fw-la domini_fw-la cadmundi_fw-la de_fw-la mortuo_fw-la mari_fw-fr silij_fw-la domini_fw-la rogeri_n de_fw-la mortuo_fw-la mari_fw-fr &_o totus_fw-la exercitus_fw-la suus_fw-la vel_fw-la occisus_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o fugam_fw-la conversus_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la montis_fw-la gomerici_fw-la die_fw-la veneris_fw-la proximo_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la s._n lucae_n videlicet_fw-la 3._o id._n decemb._n sub_fw-la anno_fw-la dom._n 1282._o in_o decima_fw-la litera_fw-la dominicali_fw-la d._n currente_n a_o table_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o book_n a._n aberffraw_n destroy_v by_o the_o irish_a page_z 57_o adelred_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a vanquish_v by_o the_o britain_n 15._o adelred_n marry_v emma_n daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o 70._o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o marriage_n 71._o fly_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n into_o normandy_n 75._o return_v ibid._n his_o death_n 78._o aedan_n ap_fw-mi blegorad_v have_v slay_v his_o competitor_n conan_n be_v proclaim_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 69._o be_v slay_v with_o his_o four_o son_n in_o battle_n 79._o alan_n the_o second_o king_n of_o little_a britain_n assist_v cadwallader_n 9_o advise_v he_o to_o obey_v the_o vision_n 11._o alfred_n king_n a_o encourager_n of_o learning_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o vniversiity_n of_o oxford_n 32._o rout_n the_o dane_n ibid._n make_v they_o forswear_v the_o sight_n of_o english_a ground_n 33._o he_o cause_v the_o law_n of_o dyfnwal_n moelmut_n and_o queen_n marsia_n to_o be_v translate_v into_o english_a etc._n etc._n 43._o alfred_n propose_v to_o be_v send_v for_o to_o be_v king_n over_o the_o english_a 85._o oppose_v by_o earl_n goodwin_n 68_o have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o ibid._n anarawd_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n succeed_v his_o father_n rodri_n 37._o die_v his_o issue_n 45._o anglesey_n destroy_v by_o the_o man_n of_o dublin_n 46._o ravage_v by_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n but_o all_o his_o man_n be_v cut_v off_o 175._o arthur_n king_n of_o britain_n his_o sepulchre_n find_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n 206._o the_o inscription_n upon_o it_o 207._o arthur_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_z dies_z at_o ludlow_n 324._o athelstane_n though_o a_o bastard_n the_o worthy_a prince_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n 48._o his_o victory_n over_o the_o dane_n scot_n and_o norman_n ibid._n remove_v the_o britain_n to_o cornwall_n die_n 49._o aulase_v and_o all_o his_o dane_n receive_v baptism_n 49._o swears_n never_o to_o molest_v england_n 66._o b._n baldwin_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o first_o that_o make_v his_o visitation_n in_o wales_n 208._o bede_n his_o education_n and_o write_n 16._o bible_n how_o when_o and_o by_o who_o translate_v into_o welch_n 326._o blethyn_n and_o rhywalhon_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n assist_v edric_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 101._o a_o rebellion_n form_v against_o they_o by_o meredith_n and_o ithel_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ibid._n battle_n wherein_o rhywalhon_n and_o ithel_n be_v slay_v blethyn_n murder_v rich._n 104._o britain_n how_o and_o when_o forsake_v by_o the_o roman_a force_n 1._o invade_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n ibid._n britain_n their_o sad_a complaint_n to_o aetius_n thrice_o consul_n 2._o the_o reason_n of_o their_o weakness_n 3_o and_o 4._o their_o message_n to_o the_o saxon_n 5._o the_o britain_n of_o stratclwyd_n and_o cumberland_n settle_v in_o north-wales_n 38._o brochwel_o once_o prince_n of_o powy_n a_o great_a defender_n of_o the_o monk_n of_o bangor_n 23._o bruce_n de_fw-fr william_n lord_n of_o brecknock_n under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n barbarous_o murder_v sitsylht_v ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n his_o son_n and_o follower_n 204._o bruce_n sir_n edward_n his_o letter_n to_o sir_n griffydh_n llwyd_n 312_o and_o 313._o c._n cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n die_v his_o issue_n 44._o cadelh_n take_v caermardhyn_n and_o beat_v the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n 165._o like_a to_o be_v murder_v 170._o go_v upon_o pilgrimage_n 171._o cadwgan_n murder_v by_o madawc_n 138._o cadwallader_n the_o last_o king_n of_o britain_n of_o
leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n 217._o owen_n glendwr_n his_o family_n education_n and_o employment_n 315._o oppose_v by_o the_o lord_n ruthyn_n without_o redress_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v he_o prisoner_n 316._o prevail_v take_v the_o earl_n of_o march_n prisoner_n 317._o retake_v aberystwyth_n castle_n 319._o summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o machynlleth_n 320._o secure_v david_n gam_n upon_o a_o suspicion_n of_o a_o design_n he_o have_v to_o murder_v he_o 321._o burn_v his_o house_n and_o his_o verse_n upon_o it_o ibid._n p._n patent_n of_o land_n grant_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n 302._o commons_o address_v upon_o it_o 303._o king_n answer_v 304._o peckham_n john_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n llewelyn_n and_o his_o brother_n with_o the_o king_n 286._o his_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n 287_o 288_o 289_o 290._o solicit_v the_o king_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o welsh_a 291._o send_v article_n to_o the_o welsh_a 292._o excommunicate_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o adherent_n 297._o peace_n in_o general_n between_o england_n and_o wales_n except_o with_o prince_n rhys_n who_o be_v force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n 176._o unjust_o deal_v with_o 177._o powis_n prince_n of_o removes_z his_o seat_n from_o pengwern_n to_o mathraval_n 20._o a_o account_n of_o it_o while_o a_o principality_n and_o a_o lordship_n with_o the_o several_a division_n and_o possessor_n thereof_o whether_o of_o british_a or_o english_a blood_n 175_o to_o 185._o r._n rebellion_n in_o the_o north_n cause_v by_o earl_n tosty_n insolence_n 97._o appease_v 98._o rhydderch_n seize_v upon_o south-wales_n 82._o rhydderch_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o south-wales_n 88_o rhys_n brother_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n take_v by_o the_o english_a and_o put_v to_o death_n at_o bulendun_v 91._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n joint_o govern_v south-wales_n 105._o the_o latter_a die_v 106._o a_o rebellion_n against_o the_o other_o ibid._n invade_v also_o from_o north-wales_n fly_n pursued_z and_o slay_v 187._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n allow_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n as_o lawful_a heir_n 107._o a_o rebellion_n form_v against_o he_o fly_v into_o ireland_n return_n and_o defeat_v his_o enemy_n 110._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 111._o slay_a near_o brecknock_n in_o a_o fight_n against_o the_o invade_a norman_n and_o his_o own_o rebellious_a subject_n 112._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n of_o south-wales_n take_v llanymddyfri_n castle_n 177._o subdue_v cardigan_n 178._o give_v henry_n ii_o hostage_n to_o observe_v the_o peace_n make_v between_o they_o ib._n besieges_n carmarthen_n then_o force_v to_o quit_v it_o 179._o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a land_n belong_v to_o foreigner_n in_o wales_n as_o do_v other_o according_o to_o his_o example_n 189._o take_v aberteifi_n castle_n and_o raze_v it_o 191._o subdue_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n 197._o bring_v the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n at_o enmity_n with_o k._n henry_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n 203._o make_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o christmas_n at_o aberteifi_n where_o the_o bard_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n strive_v for_o the_o mastery_n 205_o 206._o take_v advantage_n upon_o king_n henry_n death_n to_o enlarge_v his_o country_n 209._o his_o family_n diminish_v 210._o make_a prisoner_n by_o his_o own_o son_n 211._o escape_n 212._o take_v two_o of_o his_o son_n prisoner_n 214._o enlarges_n his_o conquest_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a and_o norman_n 214_o 215._o dies_z his_o character_n and_o issue_n 216._o rhys_n fychan_n take_v lhanymdhysri_n castle_n 227._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 239._o do_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 145._o dies_fw-la 147._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n unfaithful_a to_o his_o country_n 304._o knight_v by_o king_n edward_n revolt_v â—05_n defeat_v take_v prisoner_n and_o execute_v 306._o rhythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 122._o richard_n king_n of_o england_n feast_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n 210._o take_a prisoner_n in_o austria_n ibid._n died_n of_o his_o wound_n receive_v at_o chalons_n in_o france_n 219._o richard_z of_o bourdeaux_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 315._o robert_n cyrthois_n rebel_v against_o his_o father_n in_o normandy_n 110._o robert_n earl_n of_o salop_n rebel_n against_o henry_n i._n 122._o engage_v the_o welsh_a in_o the_o quarrel_n 123._o seek_v aid_n of_o magnus_n harold_n son_n and_o fail_v banish_v with_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n into_o normandy_n 124._o robert_n de_fw-fr belissimo_fw-la a_o great_a disturber_n of_o the_o welsh_a commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n by_o king_n henry_n 139._o roderic_n molwynoc_n succeed_v ifor_n anno_fw-la 720.15_o drive_a by_o the_o saxon_n out_o of_o the_o western_a country_n to_o his_o inheritance_n in_o north-wales_n 17._o dye_v soon_o after_o 18._o roderic_n the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 27._o beat_v the_o dane_n out_o of_o his_o country_n â—3_n fight_v the_o english_a anâ—_n with_o his_o brother_n gwyriad_n it_o slain_n 34._o his_o pedigree_n and_o division_n of_o wales_n between_o iâ—â—â—_n three_o son_n ibid._n his_o imprudence_n herein_o 36._o s._n saxons_n their_o answer_n to_o the_o british_a message_n 5._o they_o first_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n 6._o enter_v into_o league_n with_o the_o scot_n ib._n they_o encroach_v upon_o the_o britain_n 19â—_n scot_n and_o pict_n invade_v britain_n 1_o sâ—ward_o earl_n his_o say_v upon_o his_o son_n be_v slay_v in_o battle_n 19_o his_o soldierly_a temper_n at_o his_o â—earâ—_n 92._o south_n wales_n invade_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n by_o jeâ—af_n and_o 〈◊〉_d prince_n of_o north-wales_n â—5_n they_o quarre_n and_o 〈◊〉_d consequence_n of_o it_o 57_o embroiled_a 〈◊〉_d between_o rhyâ—_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n and_o the_o former_a support_v by_o the_o english_a 235_o 236._o stephen_n king_n of_o england_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n of_o scotâ—_n 157._o ravages_n scotland_n 160._o suppress_v injury_n â—â—ons_n at_o home_o and_o â—ouâ—s_v the_o scot_n by_o his_o lieutenant_n 161._o besieges_n arundel_n castle_n in_o vain_a 162._o take_v lincoln_n be_v defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n ibid._n exchange_v for_o earl_n robert_n and_o overthrow_v a_o second_o time_n at_o wilton_n 163._o win_v the_o battle_n of_o farendon_n agree_v with_o henry_n the_o empress_n son_n and_o die_v 172._o steward_n the_o family_n and_o their_o original_a 91_o 92._o sulien_n archb_n shop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 111._o sulien_n a_o learned_a man_n of_o llanbadarn_n die_v 165._o swain_n the_o dane_n waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man._n land_n in_o north-wales_n 68_o kill_v edwal_n prince_n of_o the_o country_n ib._n his_o success_n in_o england_n and_o esteem_v king_n hereof_o 74_o 75._o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n invade_v england_n and_o take_v york_n 102._o force_v to_o fly_v ibid._n t._n trahern_n fychan_n strange_o hang_v 217._o trahern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n make_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 105._o his_o country_n invade_v from_o ireland_n by_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n the_o right_a heir_n ibid._n they_o fight_v and_o trahern_n with_o his_o cousin_n worsted_n and_o all_o slay_v 108._o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 48._o tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n his_o family_n will_v be_v sâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d knight_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o to_o king_n edward_n iii_o who_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o 314._o v._o vortigern_n invite_v the_o saxon_n into_o britain_n 5._o vortimer_n repel_v the_o saxon_n 7._o w._n wales_n waste_v by_o the_o merciâ—â—s_v 24._o by_o king_n egbert_n ibid._n divide_v into_o three_o province_n 27._o invade_v by_o the_o english_a 52._o forcible_o manage_v by_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n only_o 56._o afflict_a by_o the_o dane_n and_o a_o murrain_n 65._o give_v hostage_n to_o pay_v the_o ancient_a tribute_n 95._o seldom_o govern_v by_o the_o right_a heir_n 109._o waste_v by_o the_o english_a as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n 121._o embroil_a with_o civil_a division_n 151._o item_n 153_o 154._o in_o great_a scarcity_n 276._o annnext_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 300._o walwey_n king_n arthur_n nephew_n his_o tomb_n find_v who_o body_n be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a length_n 110._o welsh_a quarrel_n among_o themselves_o 22._o ibid._n 23._o they_o defeat_v the_o mercian_n at_o conwey_n and_o call_v it_o dial_n rhodri_n 38._o disable_v the_o dane_n and_o english_a that_o invade_v they_o then_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o 61._o too_o late_o see_v the_o folly_n of_o foreign_a aid_n 114._o miserable_o slaughter_v 130_o 131._o be_v at_o peace_n from_o abroad_o they_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o destroy_v one_o another_o 208._o complain_v to_o their_o prince_n of_o their_o oppression_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o beat_v by_o the_o english_a 279._o worst_a the_o english_a 297_o 298._o beat_v in_o buelht_n ibid._n revolt_v because_o of_o a_o heavy_a tax_n from_o edward_n i._n every_o where_o 306._o beat_v the_o english_a 307._o take_v the_o king_n carriage_n ibid._n rout_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n 308._o beat_v the_o marcher_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overcome_v and_o their_o leader_n madoc_n make_v prisoner_n 309._o welsh_a minstrel_n reform_v whereof_o be_v three_o sort_n 159._o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n 98._o land_n at_o hastings_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a 100_o william_n i._o go_v with_o a_o army_n on_o pilgrimage_n to_o s._n david_n 100_o william_n rufus_n invade_v the_o welsh_a without_o success_n 118._o item_n 120._o kill_v 122._o finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o and_o sell_v by_o robert_n clauâ—â—â—_n the_o plausible_a argument_n of_o a_o roman_n catholic_n answer_v by_o a_o english_a protestant_n in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n price_n 4_o d._n the_o church-history_n clear_v from_o the_o roman_a forgery_n and_o corruption_n find_v in_o the_o council_n and_o baronius_n in_o four_o part_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o christianity_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o general_n council_n by_o thomas_n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o a_o historical_a vindication_n of_o the_o diviâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d of_o tithe_n from_o scripture_n reasoâ—_n 〈◊〉_d opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o jew_n goâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d christian_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o discourse_n concern_v excommunication_n by_o tho._n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o
bruce_n under_o pretence_n of_o congratulate_v this_o new_a peace_n and_o agreement_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a invite_v sitsylht_v and_o geffrey_n his_o son_n with_o several_z other_o of_o the_o person_n of_o chief_a note_n in_o gwentland_n to_o a_o feast_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o abergavenny_n which_o by_o composition_n he_o have_v late_o receive_v from_o they_o sitsylht_o with_o the_o rest_n come_v according_a to_o appointment_n and_o without_o the_o least_o suspicion_n of_o any_o treasonable_a design_n but_o after_o they_o have_v be_v civil_o entertain_v for_o some_o time_n william_n bruce_n to_o move_v a_o quarrel_n against_o they_o begin_v at_o last_o to_o propound_v certain_a article_n to_o they_o to_o be_v by_o they_o keep_v and_o perform_v and_o among_o other_o unreasonable_a condition_n they_o be_v to_o swear_v that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v at_o any_o time_n carry_v with_o they_o bow_n or_o sword_n the_o welsh_a refuse_v to_o consent_v to_o and_o sign_n such_o improper_a article_n as_o these_o william_n bruce_n present_o call_v out_o his_o man_n who_o be_v ready_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o bid_v they_o fall_v to_o their_o business_n they_o most_o treacherous_o fall_v upon_o and_o slay_v the_o innocent_a and_o naked_a welsh_a and_o as_o if_o it_o do_v not_o sufficient_o express_v their_o cruelty_n and_o inhumanity_n they_o immediate_o go_v to_o sitsylht_n house_n which_o stand_v not_o far_o from_o abergavenny_n and_o take_v hold_v of_o gwladus_n his_o wife_n they_o slay_v her_o son_n cadwallader_n before_o her_o face_n and_o then_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o house_n they_o pack_v she_o away_o to_o the_o castle_n this_o execrable_a murder_n be_v thus_o most_o barbarous_o and_o which_o be_v worst_a of_o all_o under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o kindness_n commit_v wâ—lliam_n bruce_n to_o cloak_v his_o treason_n with_o some_o reasonable_a excuse_n and_o to_o make_v the_o world_n believe_v it_o be_v not_o for_o any_o private_a interest_n or_o expectation_n he_o have_v do_v such_o a_o act_n as_o he_o know_v will_v be_v by_o all_o man_n abhor_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v report_v abroad_o that_o he_o have_v do_v such_o a_o thing_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o uncle_n henry_n of_o hereford_n who_o the_o welsh_a on_o the_o easter-even_a before_o have_v slay_v but_o whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o south-wales_n roderic_n david_n prince_n of_o north-wales's_a brother_n make_v his_o escape_n by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o out_o of_o prison_n and_o flee_v to_o anglesey_n he_o be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o country_n other_o side_n the_o river_n conwey_n for_o their_o lord_n and_o prince_n which_o they_o be_v the_o more_o willing_a to_o do_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o conceive_v a_o utter_a abhorrence_n of_o prince_n david_n who_o contrary_a to_o all_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o almost_o nature_n have_v disinherit_v all_o his_o brethren_n and_o cousin_n as_o bold_o rely_v 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