fountain_n of_o the_o law_n by_o these_o governor_n and_o deputy_n agreee_v together_o tribute_n be_v exact_v and_o tax_n levy_v according_a to_o a_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n hold_v at_o lyncopen_fw-mi 1599_o they_o be_v to_o keep_v court_n of_o justice_n twice_o in_o every_o year_n all_o of_o they_o meeting_n in_o the_o winter_n time_n about_o february_n at_o vpsal_n at_o the_o public_a fair_a call_v di_v and_o in_o summer_n at_o lyncopen_n state_n or_o order_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n there_o be_v say_v bureus_n six_o 1._o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a nobility_n clergy_n soldiery_n merchantry_n and_o commonalty_n 1._o blood_n prince_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood-royal_a be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o their_o age_n and_o capacity_n the_o elder_a as_o be_v say_v be_v heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n the_o young_a be_v common_o create_v duke_n and_o make_v governor_n of_o province_n of_o vpsal_n first_o and_o the_o rest_n in_o order_n of_o dignity_n these_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o elder_a brother_n if_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n have_v right_a to_o succeed_v in_o the_o throne_n 2._o nobility_n nobility_n the_o nobility_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v descend_v from_o king_n ingon_n or_o harold_n of_o norway_n and_o spread_v through_o germany_n suitzerland_n spain_n etc._n etc._n when_o the_o goth_n invade_v the_o roman_a empire_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o rank_n or_o order_n 1._o consist_v of_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o franck-baron_n the_o earl_n jerl_n ancient_o be_v create_v only_o upon_o extraordinary_a account_n as_o be_v also_o their_o duke_n call_v hertog_n neither_o of_o their_o title_n be_v then_o hereditary_a a_o war_n happen_v between_o they_o and_o some_o of_o their_o king_n their_o honour_n and_o title_n be_v for_o some_o age_n quite_o lay_v aside_o till_o king_n ericus_n fourteen_o about_o the_o year_n 1560_o first_o of_o all_o renew_v these_o lose_a title_n and_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o owner_n which_o gracious_a favour_n of_o his_o be_v follow_v by_o his_o successor_n they_o not_o only_o confer_v like_o honour_n during_o life_n but_o at_o present_a make_v it_o hereditary_a the_o second_o consist_v of_o those_o who_o ancestor_n have_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o who_o be_v neither_o count_n nor_o baron_n and_o who_o ancestor_n have_v not_o be_v of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n of_o these_o order_n may_v be_v either_o their_o knight_n for_o their_o valour_n create_v by_o the_o king_n who_o title_n be_v not_o transmit_v to_o their_o heir_n though_o frequent_o upon_o equal_a desert_n confer_v on_o they_o or_o gentleman_n who_o be_v the_o low_a degree_n of_o the_o nobility_n ancient_o call_v affwappen_v either_o because_o they_o be_v expert_a in_o war_n or_o bear_v a_o coat_n of_o arms._n all_o these_o nobleman_n enjoy_v great_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n all_o their_o estate_n be_v free_a from_o tax_n and_o imposition_n so_o much_o only_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n except_v as_o they_o at_o their_o creation_n receive_v of_o the_o king_n for_o which_o they_o pay_v some_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n only_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o all_o exigence_n whatever_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o fit_v out_o horse_n and_o man_n for_o the_o king_n service_n proportionable_a to_o their_o estate_n out_o of_o these_o be_v common_o elect_v the_o senator_n judges_z and_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n man_n of_o low_a birth_n though_o of_o considerable_a part_n seldom_o advance_v themselves_o into_o place_n of_o great_a trust_n and_o employment_n in_o civil_a affair_n in_o ecclesiastical_a more_o frequent_o the_o estate_n of_o these_o nobleman_n be_v inherit_v as_o well_o by_o their_o daughter_n as_o their_o son_n the_o son_n if_o one_o have_v half_o and_o a_o daughter_n three_o part_n of_o they_o which_o custom_n king_n bergerus_n jerl_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v and_o bring_v in_o about_o four_o age_n ago_o 3._o the_o clergy_n clergy_n clergy_n concern_v who_o what_o we_o find_v be_v set_v down_o under_o vpsal_n 4._o the_o soldiery_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o enjoy_v very_o great_a privilege_n from_o the_o king_n as_o soon_o as_o any_o be_v list_v soldier_n he_o have_v over_o and_o above_o his_o ordinary_a pay_n all_o his_o land_n tax-free_a if_o in_o time_n of_o war_n a_o soldier_n horse_n be_v kill_v under_o he_o the_o king_n provide_v he_o with_o another_o and_o if_o any_o be_v take_v captive_a by_o the_o enemy_n the_o king_n redeem_v he_o at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o such_o like_a which_o we_o shall_v mention_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 5._o the_o merchantry_n merchantry_n merchantry_n in_o who_o possession_n the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v keep_v and_o by_o who_o procurement_n foreign_a commodity_n be_v import_v for_o the_o good_a government_n and_o benefit_n of_o these_o every_o maritime_a city_n and_o mart-town_n have_v ancient_o their_o particular_a municipal_a law_n derive_v from_o berca_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o their_o king_n and_o about_o 600_o year_n ago_o a_o town_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n in_o the_o kingdom_n by_o these_o it_o be_v order_v how_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o maritime_a city_n may_v exercise_v trade_n as_o well_o with_o inland_a town_n as_o foreigner_n what_o commodity_n they_o may_v traffic_v with_o not_o hinder_v one_o another_o commerce_n etc._n etc._n these_o law_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o the_o kingdom_n quite_o neglect_v and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n out_o of_o use_n but_o by_o the_o care_n of_o some_o of_o the_o late_a king_n they_o or_o some_o equivalent_a to_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n 6_o the_o last_o and_o low_a state_n commonalty_n commonalty_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o commonalty_n call_v bond_n or_o beond_n of_o which_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n 1._o name_v scatbonder_n who_o have_v hereditary_a land_n privilege_n of_o fish_v and_o fowl_v etc._n etc._n belong_v to_o they_o these_o in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v bind_v to_o fit_v out_o one_o horse_n and_o man_n for_o the_o king_n service_n the_o second_o sort_n be_v those_o that_o labour_n in_o the_o mine_n call_v bergs-man_n no_o less_o profitable_a to_o the_o public_a than_o the_o former_a and_o enjoy_v no_o less_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n both_o possess_v estate_n and_o fishery_n of_o their_o own_o and_o like_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n have_v their_o representative_n in_o the_o public_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o these_o some_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o freedom_n and_o advantage_n of_o education_n which_o be_v deny_v the_o pesantry_n of_o other_o country_n sometime_o arrive_v at_o great_a honour_n in_o church_n and_o state_n the_o famous_a king_n ericus_n furname_v the_o saint_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o countryman_n son_n the_o swede_n as_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n govern_v only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o confuse_a edict_n of_o their_o king_n decree_n of_o the_o state_n and_o response_n of_o the_o wise_a till_o about_o the_o year_n 1251_o bergerus_n jerl_n compile_v a_o body_n of_o law_n and_o constitution_n for_o the_o kingdom_n collect_v out_o of_o the_o former_a these_o before_o the_o invention_n of_o paper_n be_v engrave_v upon_o large_a wooden_a post_n thereby_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o athenian_n to_o be_v promulgate_v to_o the_o people_n they_o be_v common_o very_o short_a and_o general_a as_o design_v the_o decision_n of_o particular_a case_n to_o the_o public_a magistrate_n beside_o these_o they_o have_v upon_o any_o emergent_a difficulty_n other_o ancient_a law_n which_o they_o call_v recessus_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o other_o ancient_a statute_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o which_o only_a great_a controversy_n be_v decide_v at_o present_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v more_o regular_a and_o for_o the_o speedy_a execution_n of_o it_o there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n five_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n 1._o the_o king_n chamber_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o rank_n or_o degree_n 1._o supreme_a in_o which_o all_o case_n betwixt_o senator_n and_o senator_n bring_v thither_o by_o appeal_n be_v decide_v 2._o the_o middle_a in_o which_o be_v determine_v action_n of_o treason_n and_o all_o other_o betwixt_o nobleman_n lagman_n and_o public_a officer_n 3._o the_o low_a where_o ordinary_a trial_n be_v decide_v whether_o civil_a or_o criminal_a where_o it_o be_v judge_v whether_o the_o procedure_n in_o inferior_a court_n in_o action_n bring_v thence_o by_o appeal_n have_v be_v legal_a or_o not_o from_o this_o court_n there_o lie_v no_o
foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o manner_n model_v by_o different_a law_n the_o second_o great_a epocha_n in_o the_o swedish_n chronicle_n be_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 108._o ericus_n ix_o surname_v the_o saint_n a_o virtuous_a and_o pious_a prince_n he_o never_o lay_v any_o tax_n or_o imposition_n upon_o his_o subject_n but_o be_v content_a with_o the_o crown-patrimony_n and_o when_o money_n be_v offer_v he_o by_o his_o people_n he_o refuse_v to_o accept_v it_o he_o build_v the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o vpsal_n and_o propagate_v christianity_n to_o the_o finlander_n this_o king_n new_o model_v all_o the_o swedish_n law_n and_o expunge_v those_o that_o any_o way_n favour_v paganism_n he_o be_v murder_v by_o a_o party_n of_o rebel_n and_o in_o the_o very_a place_n where_o they_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n there_o present_o issue_v out_o say_v loccen_n a_o spring_n of_o pure_a water_n famous_a for_o cure_v disease_n 109._o charles_n vii_o a_o peaceable_a and_o religious_a king_n who_o found_v several_a monastery_n and_o have_v a_o archbishop_n see_v grant_v he_o in_o his_o own_o dominion_n 110._o canutus_n son_n to_o ericus_n 111._o suercherus_fw-la ii_o 112._o ericus_n x_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a king_n 113._o john_n ay_o surname_v the_o meek_a he_o propagate_v the_o christian_a religion_n among_o the_o leiflander_n 114._o ericus_n xi_o surname_v the_o stammerer_n he_o root_v out_o paganism_n in_o tavastia_n and_o bring_v over_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n 115._o waldemarus_n son_n to_o bergerus_n jerl_n who_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o ericus_n in_o his_o father_n absence_n be_v clect_v king_n which_o his_o father_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o at_o his_o return_n declare_v his_o displeasure_n that_o a_o unexperienced_a youth_n his_o son_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o himself_o disregard_v he_o be_v thereupon_o desire_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n after_o his_o death_n waldemarus_n have_v absolute_a power_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o rule_v by_o his_o own_o unfortunate_a command_v he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o people_n and_o his_o crown_n give_v to_o 116._o magnus_n i_o surname_v ladulaus_n i._n e._n the_o lock_n to_o granary_n because_o he_o make_v such_o severe_a law_n against_o steal_v corn_n and_o break_v up_o granary_n that_o in_o his_o reign_n the_o people_n use_v neither_o lock_n nor_o key_n his_o law_n be_v sufficien_fw-fr to_o secure_v they_o from_o thief_n and_o robber_n he_o build_v many_o church_n and_o make_v several_a wholesome_a law_n order_v that_o all_o offender_n instead_o of_o pay_v mulct_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v in_o build_v some_o tower_n or_o fort._n 117._o birgerus_n son_n to_o magnus_n in_o his_o time_n and_o by_o his_o mean_n carelia_n receive_v the_o gospel_n he_o manage_v affair_n imprudent_o and_o thereupon_o be_v depose_v and_o banish_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o kingdom_n confer_v on_o 118._o magnus_fw-la ii_o surname_v smeek_a i._n e._n the_o flatter_a or_o cocker_v prince_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o rule_v peaceable_o and_o have_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n but_o fall_v into_o sottishness_n and_o follow_v strange_a woman_n he_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v in_o a_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n public_o arraign_v for_o his_o misdemeanour_n call_v for_o to_o answer_v for_o himself_o and_o not_o appear_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n by_o they_o depose_v ericus_n xii_o son_n to_o magnus_n sometime_o during_o his_o father_n reign_n manage_v all_o business_n of_o state_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v by_o some_o reckon_v among_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n though_o without_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o be_v only_o a_o assistant_n to_o the_o king_n in_o council_n not_o a_o partner_n in_o the_o government_n the_o four_o swedish_n epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o remarkable_a alteration_n of_o affair_n under_o 119._o albertus_n of_o mecklebourg_n elect_v by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n for_o some_o time_n he_o rule_v well_o but_o prefer_v germane_a to_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trust_n in_o his_o kingdom_n he_o thereupon_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o crown_n to_o boot_v after_o he_o be_v depose_v he_o retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n the_o person_n who_o succeed_v be_v 120._o margarita_n queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n she_o vex_v her_o subject_n with_o intolerable_a tax_n admit_v dane_n englishman_n and_o italian_n into_o public_a office_n and_o be_v thereupon_o assault_v by_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v certain_o slay_v she_o have_v she_o not_o give_v they_o fair_a promise_n and_o propose_v to_o they_o one_o to_o succeed_v she_o viz._n 121._o ericus_n xiii_o her_o nephew_n son_n to_o wartislavus_n duke_n of_o pomeren_n he_o be_v king_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o marry_v philippe_n daughter_n to_o henry_n iv_o then_o king_n of_o england_n for_o some_o time_n he_o reign_v happy_o but_o break_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o observe_v his_o coronation-oath_n he_o fall_v into_o great_a trouble_n and_o at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v three_o crown_n for_o five_o and_o forty_o year_n be_v dethrone_v by_o his_o subject_n this_o king_n after_o he_o be_v depose_v be_v say_v to_o have_v turn_v pirate_n and_o very_o much_o infest_a the_o british_a coast_n his_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n be_v give_v to_o 122._o christophorus_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n this_o king_n revise_v and_o correct_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o sweden_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v promulgate_v from_o he_o call_v christopher_n law_n he_o die_v sudden_o at_o helsinburg_n as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o consult_v with_o his_o noble_n at_o jenecopia_n after_o this_o king_n death_n there_o be_v a_o interregnum_fw-la for_o some_o small_a time_n during_o which_o all_o public_a business_n be_v manage_v by_o one_o benedictus_n bielke_n and_o nicolaus_n banner_n two_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n christophorus_n the_o five_o epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v when_o the_o government_n be_v undertake_v by_o 123._o carolus_n viii_o canuti_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o ancient_a gothish_a king_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o throne_n he_o pretend_a title_n to_o gotlandia_n which_o the_o dane_n then_o possess_v and_o thereupon_o make_v war_n with_o christianus_n i_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o with_o small_a success_n he_o lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n heavy_a and_o grievous_a tax_n and_o attempt_v to_o take_v away_o church_n land_n and_o pious_a donation_n lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v by_o they_o expel_v or_o rather_o by_o the_o danish_a force_n drive_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n his_o friend_n who_o he_o in_o his_o banishment_n trust_v himself_o with_o be_v casimirus_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o entertain_v he_o noble_o for_o seven_o year_n during_o which_o time_n sweden_n be_v govern_v by_o 124._o christiernus_fw-la i._n king_n of_o denmark_n call_v hither_o by_o the_o prevail_a faction_n but_o seize_v the_o public_a treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o commit_v many_o cruelty_n he_o be_v short_o after_o depose_v from_o be_v king_n and_o 125._o carolus_n canuti_n recall_v from_o dantzick_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o throne_n but_o be_v trouble_v with_o civil_a commotion_n at_o home_n chief_o manage_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n and_o endanger_v by_o the_o danish_a force_n from_o abroad_o command_v by_o the_o depose_v king_n christiernus_fw-la i._n he_o voluntary_o leave_v the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o appoint_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o nephew_n 126._o steno_n stir_v senior_n who_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n rather_o as_o a_o protector_n than_o a_o absolute_a governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o manage_v all_o public_a affair_n very_o happy_o and_o with_o great_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o people_n for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1491_o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o act_v in_o several_a matter_n without_o their_o knowledge_n and_o advice_n for_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o riga_n against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n of_o which_o the_o russes_z taking_z advantage_n have_v make_v some_o inroad_n into_o livonia_n and_o finland_n and_o suchlike_a crime_n and_o thereupon_o by_o they_o turn_v out_o of_o all_o office_n the_o kingdom_n be_v confer_v on_o 127._o john_n ii_o son_n to_o christiern_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o take_v steno_n stir_v into_o favour_n and_o go_v as_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o visit_v his_o dominion_n leave_v he_o viceroy_n at_o stockholm_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o
but_o his_o large_a dukedom_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o emperor_n as_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o tell_v the_o reader_n before_o and_o himself_o reduce_v from_o a_o great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a territory_n to_o a_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n hitherto_o we_o have_v find_v the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n unite_v and_o subject_a to_o one_o prince_n lunenburg_n duke_n of_o lunenburg_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o this_o henry_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1195_o they_o be_v divide_v for_o henry_n the_o lion_n have_v three_o son_n viz._n duke_n henry_n who_o be_v afterward_o make_v prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n duke_n otho_n who_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n and_o duke_n william_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o luneburg_n but_o only_o style_v himself_n dominus_fw-la de_fw-fr luneburg_n and_o indeed_o he_o have_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o any_o great_a title_n since_o his_o two_o brother_n be_v sharer_n with_o he_o in_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o decease_a father_n for_o otho_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o city_n and_o country_n of_o brunswic_n and_o duke_n henry_n seize_v upon_o zell_n bremen_n and_o stade_n about_o the_o year_n 1213_o duke_n william_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o only_a son_n otho_n who_o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1235_o be_v make_v duke_n of_o brunswic_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o second_v diploma_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n archive_v duke_n william_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1252_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n albert_n and_o john_n albert_n keep_v all_o his_o father_n dominion_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o at_o last_o resign_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n to_o his_o brother_n john_n since_o that_o time_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n have_v be_v always_o reckon_v two_o distinct_a principality_n and_o usual_o subject_a to_o two_o different_a prince_n after_o this_o division_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n duke_n john_n govern_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n about_o eight_o year_n and_o then_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1276_o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o son_n otho_n by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o notorious_a parachronism_n in_o dr._n heylin_n cosmography_n wherein_o reckon_v only_o the_o eight_o year_n government_n of_o duke_n john_n without_o mention_v any_o power_n enjoy_v by_o his_o brother_n albert_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n he_o bring_v otho_n ii_o to_o the_o dukedom_n in_o the_o year_n 1261_o which_o be_v fifteen_o year_n exact_o the_o time_n that_o duke_n albert_n keep_v possession_n of_o both_o his_o father_n dukedom_n before_o his_o father_n death_n otho_n have_v reign_v 53_o year_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1330_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n otho_n and_o william_n who_o be_v joint-governor_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n otho_n without_o any_o heir_n male_a william_n be_v the_o sole_a governor_n for_o some_o small_a term_n of_o year_n but_o consider_v that_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o issue_n from_o himself_o and_o his_o brother_n the_o line_n of_o luneburg_n be_v like_a to_o be_v extinct_a he_o resolve_v during_o his_o life-time_n to_o choose_v himself_o a_o successor_n whereupon_o at_o first_o he_o pitch_v upon_o albert_n duke_n of_o saxony_n his_o brother_n daughter_n son_n but_o afterward_o change_v his_o resolution_n he_o resign_v the_o dukedom_n to_o ludowic_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n mechtild_v duke_n ludowic_n have_v govern_v three_o year_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1358_o be_v succeed_v by_o magnus_n surname_v mit_fw-ge der_fw-ge ketten_v or_o torquatus_n to_o who_o the_o luneburger_n submit_v themselves_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v protect_v they_o against_o all_o injury_n offer_v they_o either_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n or_o any_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n soon_o after_o torquatus_n upon_o his_o father_n death_n get_v possession_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o brunswic_n and_o so_o both_o dukedom_n be_v once_o more_o unite_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a confidence_n they_o repose_v in_o their_o new_a prince_n and_o the_o vast_a pormise_n he_o make_v they_o albert_n duke_n of_o saxony_n assist_v by_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o right_n as_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o elder_a brother_n daughter_n by_o force_n recover_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1372_o and_o enjoy_v it_o fourteen_o year_n after_o his_o death_n there_o be_v great_a war_n betwixt_o the_o house_n of_o brunswic_n and_o saxony_n each_o of_o they_o lay_v claim_n to_o and_o contend_v for_o this_o dukedom_n at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1388_o bernhard_n duke_n magnus_n son_n obtain_v the_o government_n but_o soon_o after_o frideric_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n be_v slay_v in_o his_o return_n from_o francfurt_n where_o he_o be_v new_o choose_v emperor_n bernhard_n be_v remove_v to_o brunswic_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n give_v to_o his_o nephew_n henry_n who_o before_o have_v some_o share_n with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n henry_n have_v be_v sole_a duke_n of_o luneburg_n for_o the_o space_n of_o sixteen_o year_n dye_v a._n d._n 1416._o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n william_n who_o within_o a_o while_n after_o fall_v out_o with_o his_o cousin_n otho_n duke_n bernhard_n son_n make_v several_a incursion_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n many_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a city_n whereof_o he_o lay_v siege_n to_o and_o take_v some_o while_n after_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o two_o duke_n be_v compose_v upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v change_v dukedom_n which_o be_v according_o do_v in_o the_o year_n 1428_o and_o so_o otho_n be_v make_v duke_n of_o luneburg_n and_o william_n remove_v to_o brunswic_n otho_n brother_n duke_n frideric_n succeed_v he_o though_o dr._n heylin_n make_v he_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n and_o have_v govern_v about_o fourteen_o year_n quit_v the_o dukedom_n and_o shut_v himself_o up_o in_o a_o monastery_n at_o zell_n in_o the_o year_n 1459._o hereupon_o the_o government_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o two_o son_n bernhard_n and_o otho_n the_o former_a of_o which_o die_v within_o five_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a surve_v about_o seven_o year_n leave_v behind_o he_o only_o one_o young_a son_n about_o three_o year_n old_a this_o force_v the_o old_a duke_n frideric_n in_o his_o extreme_a dotage_n to_o reassume_v the_o government_n till_o his_o grandchild_n shall_v come_v to_o maturity_n he_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o dukedom_n for_o seven_o year_n long_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1478._o the_o young_a duke_n henry_n be_v not_o above_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n at_o his_o grandfather_n death_n be_v assist_v in_o the_o government_n by_o his_o mother_n for_o some_o year_n ten_o year_n before_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1532_o he_o settle_v the_o dukedom_n upon_o his_o three_o son_n otho_n ernest_n and_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o these_o prefer_v a_o retire_a life_n to_o the_o state_n and_o grandeur_n of_o a_o dukedom_n resign_v his_o right_n to_o his_o brother_n ernestus_n during_o his_o father_n life_n demand_v only_o a_o certain_a annual_a stipend_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o himself_o and_o a_o small_a family_n this_o ernest_n together_o with_o his_o brother_n francis_n who_o share_v with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n till_o the_o year_n 1539_o but_o be_v afterward_o put_v off_o with_o the_o lordship_n of_o giffhorn_n and_o monastery_n of_o isenhagen_n bring_v in_o the_o reform_a religion_n in_o the_o year_n 1530._o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1546_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n francis_n otho_n who_o have_v govern_v about_o thirteen_o year_n dye_v without_o issue_n male_a and_o leave_v the_o dukedom_n to_o his_o two_o brother_n henry_n and_o william_n these_o two_o rule_v peaceable_o together_o for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n but_o afterward_o they_o separate_v themselves_o and_o agree_v that_o william_n shall_v have_v the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n and_o duke_n henry_n be_v content_a with_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o lordship_n of_o dannenberg_n and_o monastery_n of_o scharnebeck_n to_o which_o be_v afterward_o add_v the_o lordship_n of_o hitzaker_n luchau_n and_o warbke_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o duke_n william_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n ernest_n who_o keep_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n till_o the_o year_n 1611._o in_o which_o he_o leave_v it_o to_o
his_o brother_n christian_n elect_v bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o minden_n this_o brave_a prince_n govern_v the_o dukedom_n in_o great_a peace_n and_o prosperity_n two_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o enlarge_v it_o with_o the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n after_o his_o decease_n in_o the_o year_n 1633_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n fall_v to_o his_o brother_n augustus_n elect_a bishop_n of_o ratzeburg_n upon_o which_o incomparable_a prince_n of_o who_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a account_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n descend_v not_o long_o after_o by_o the_o death_n of_o frideric_n vlric_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n whereupon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n be_v give_v to_o duke_n george_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n in_o the_o year_n 1636._o he_o leave_v four_o son_n whereof_o the_o elder_a christian_n ludowic_n for_o some_o year_n govern_v the_o luneburger_n pay_v each_o of_o his_o young_a brethren_n a_o annual_a stipend_n of_o 12000_o ric-dollar_n upon_o his_o death_n the_o second_o brother_n george_n william_n succeed_v in_o the_o government_n and_o keep_v as_o he_o do_v to_o this_o day_n his_o residence_n in_o his_o brother_n palace_n at_o zell_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o hildesheim_n the_o dukedom_n of_o calenberg_n and_o grubenhage_n be_v assign_v over_o to_o the_o three_o brother_n john_n frideric_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n at_o hannover_n in_o much_o great_a state_n than_o his_o brother_n at_o zell_n these_o and_o all_o other_o territory_n subject_a to_o the_o late_a duke_n of_o hannover_n be_v now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o young_a brother_n ernest_n augustus_n who_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o osnabrug_n and_o be_v now_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n john_n frideric_n this_o last_o year_n 1680_o duke_n of_o hannover_n he_o marry_v the_o lady_n sophia_n young_a sister_n to_o our_o prince_n rupert_n of_o who_o this_o character_n be_v usual_o give_v that_o she_o be_v the_o most_o accomplish_a princess_n in_o europe_n by_o who_o he_o have_v three_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n chief_a city_n and_o other_o place_n of_o great_a note_n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v first_o luneburg_n luneburg_n luneburg_n we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n about_o the_o original_n of_o the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n and_o but_o little_o more_o can_v be_v sai_fw-fr concern_v its_o first_o founder_n and_o those_o that_o fortify_v it_o the_o story_n of_o julius_n cesar_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o a_o city_n in_o this_o place_n be_v at_o best_o incredible_a and_o groundless_a there_o be_v hardly_o a_o ancient_a city_n in_o europe_n which_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o some_o venerable_a piece_n or_o other_o of_o julius_n architecture_n which_o though_o ordinary_o admire_v by_o the_o vulgar_a yet_o be_v contemn_v and_o laugh_v at_o by_o man_n of_o sense_n and_o know_v antiquary_n the_o best_a testimony_n of_o its_o age_n i_o can_v meet_v with_o be_v dithmarus_fw-la mersburgensis_n mention_v luinberg_n by_o the_o name_n of_o civitas_n in_o speak_v of_o a_o earthquake_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n ii_o but_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o observe_v how_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n be_v wont_a to_o compliment_v any_o mean_a village_n with_o the_o title_n of_o civitas_n yet_o lambertus_n schafnaburgensis_n a_o author_n of_o almost_o as_o great_a antiquity_n as_o the_o former_a in_o his_o account_n of_o the_o transaction_n of_o the_o year_n 1073._o give_v this_o character_n of_o luneburg_n that_o it_o be_v then_o oppidum_n maximum_fw-la ottonis_fw-la ducis_fw-la saxoniae_fw-la situm_fw-la in_o confinio_fw-la saxonum_n &_o luticiorum_n at_o present_v the_o town_n contain_v about_o two_o english_a mile_n in_o circumference_n be_v not_o build_v in_o exact_a square_n but_o rather_o a_o oblong_a figure_n the_o street_n be_v broad_a and_o most_o of_o the_o house_n tolerable_o well_o build_v over_o against_o the_o town-hall_n which_o be_v a_o neat_a and_o compact_a piece_n of_o building_n stand_v the_o duke_n palace_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n and_o his_o family_n be_v lodge_v when_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o reside_v at_o luneburg_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o the_o town_n be_v in_o salt_n which_o the_o citizen_n make_v in_o great_a abundance_n out_o of_o certain_a pit_n of_o salt_n water_n which_o spring_n within_o the_o wall_n their_o salt-house_n be_v fence_v round_o and_o continual_o guard_v as_o be_v the_o main_a support_n of_o the_o city_n these_o bring_v in_o the_o duke_n a_o considerable_a yearly_a revenue_n and_o beside_o provision_n be_v hereby_o make_v for_o a_o great_a number_n of_o poor_a labour_a man_n who_o may_v otherwise_o starve_v for_o want_v of_o employment_n ii_o bardewic_n bardewic_n bardewick_n at_o this_o day_n a_o village_n within_o a_o mile_n of_o luneburg_n but_o ancient_o a_o strong_a and_o populous_a city_n some_o author_n fancy_n it_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o city_n in_o saxony_n and_o so_o questionless_a it_o be_v if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o be_v build_v 990_o year_n before_o christ_n over_o the_o door_n of_o the_o cathedral_n which_o be_v now_o the_o only_a church_n leave_v of_o nine_o be_v write_v in_o a_o old_a gothic_a character_n these_o hobble_a verse_n abram_n dum_fw-la natus_fw-la mox_fw-la treveris_fw-la incipit_fw-la ortus_fw-la hinc_fw-la annis_fw-la barduic_fw-la mille_fw-la sex_n x_o quoque_fw-la quinque_fw-la post_fw-la barduic_fw-la roma_fw-la duo_fw-la c_o cum_fw-la quinque_fw-la triginta_fw-la m_o c_o post_n nat_n junctis_fw-la octaginta_fw-la novemque_fw-la dum_fw-la brunsvicensis_fw-la henricus_fw-la leo_fw-la dictus_fw-la simonis_n in_fw-la festo_fw-la barduic_fw-la subvertit_fw-la ab_fw-la alto_fw-mi meibomius_n a_o learned_a antiquary_n who_o we_o have_v already_o have_v occasion_n often_o to_o mention_v have_v take_v great_a pain_n to_o pick_v up_o out_o of_o these_o rithm_n and_o all_o other_o monument_n of_o note_n about_o this_o town_n a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o place_n the_o name_n he_o imagine_v contrary_a to_o the_o humour_n of_o some_o other_o historian_n who_o speak_v of_o bardo_n a_o knight_n errant_a of_o old_a and_o founder_n of_o bardewic_n derive_v from_o the_o bardi_n a_o northern_a people_n who_o wander_v a_o great_a many_o year_n up_o and_o down_o saxony_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n at_o last_o fix_v themselves_o in_o this_o place_n whether_o these_o bardi_n may_v not_o have_v be_v a_o tribe_n of_o such_o poet_n as_o mr._n cambden_n and_o some_o other_o of_o our_o antiquary_n say_v give_v name_n to_o bardsey_n one_o of_o our_o british_a island_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o the_o reader_n be_v judgement_n since_o every_o historian_n that_o mention_n the_o bard_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v the_o genealogist_n among_o the_o gaul_n a_o undoubted_a branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o britain_n the_o verse_n beforementioned_a will_v inform_v we_o that_o this_o great_a city_n be_v destroy_v by_o duke_n henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n on_o st._n simon_n and_o jude_n day_n in_o the_o year_n 1189._o since_o that_o time_n it_o have_v never_o be_v able_a to_o recover_v its_o glory_n and_o be_v now_o remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o a_o college_n of_o eight_o residentiary_n canon_n and_o some_o few_o vicar_n iii_o ultzen_n a_o neat_a uniform_a little_a town_n vltren_n vltren_n about_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o lunenburg_n and_o zell_n it_o be_v ancient_o call_v lawenwald_n i._n e._n lion-forest_n as_o appear_v from_o several_a of_o its_o old_a record_n and_o a_o inscription_n to_o this_o day_n legible_a on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o town-hall_n and_o from_o this_o its_o old_a name_n the_o arm_n or_o rebus_fw-la rather_o of_o the_o town_n be_v still_o a_o lion_n passant_a azure_a in_o a_o field_n verd_fw-mi betwixt_o three_o tree_n of_o the_o second_o the_o modern_a name_n vltzen_n it_o have_v from_o the_o neighbour_a monastery_n of_o oldenstadt_a which_o as_o be_v evident_a from_o several_a ancient_a write_n bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1255_o and_o 1338_o be_v former_o call_v old-vlssen_a on_o the_o twenty_o of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1646_o this_o city_n be_v miserable_o destroy_v by_o a_o fire_n which_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n burn_v down_o the_o fair_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o it_o this_o blow_n it_o have_v hardly_o yet_o so_o well_o recover_v as_o to_o be_v entire_o rebuilt_a but_o however_o the_o most_o considerable_a street_n and_o place_n of_o consequence_n be_v very_o much_o advance_v by_o it_o and_o the_o new_a building_n be_v everywhere_o more_o regular_a and_o splendid_a than_o the_o former_a the_o citizen_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o the_o first_o english_a saxon_n
their_o due_a place_n the_o chief_a river_n be_v the_o weser_n by_o which_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandise_n be_v convey_v from_o bremen_n up_o as_o far_o as_o brunswic_n rivers_n rivers_n leina_fw-la innerste_fw-mi ocker_n with_o some_o more_o of_o less_o note_n which_o supply_v the_o neighbourhood_n with_o fish_n it_o be_v observable_a fort_n fort_n that_o everywhere_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o county_n of_o blackenburg_n you_o may_v meet_v with_o the_o ruin_n of_o old_a fort_n and_o castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o high_a hill_n and_o ragged_a mountain_n which_o by_o most_o antiquary_n be_v conjecture_v to_o be_v the_o relic_n and_o rudera_fw-la of_o so_o many_o roman_a fortification_n and_o a_o evident_a argument_n that_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o german_n be_v for_o some_o time_n at_o least_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n i_o have_v rather_o think_v they_o the_o work_n of_o some_o saxon_a commander_n when_o engage_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o paganism_n against_o the_o assault_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a or_o perhaps_o build_v by_o that_o mighty_a emperor_n to_o secure_v his_o conquest_n however_o thus_o much_o we_o may_v venture_v to_o conclude_v from_o these_o venerable_a tent_n of_o mars_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o low_a saxon_n those_o especial_o that_o inhabit_v these_o part_n be_v ancient_o a_o stout_a and_o warlike_a people_n man_n that_o be_v hardly_o conquer_v and_o afterward_o with_o more_o difficulty_n keep_v in_o subjection_n and_o such_o their_o progeny_n be_v still_o reckon_v they_o be_v man_n of_o a_o large_a size_n than_o most_o other_o of_o the_o german_a nation_n and_o withal_o inure_v to_o a_o coarse_a fare_n and_o cold_a lodging_n their_o ordinary_a diet_n be_v dry_v swine_n flesh_n and_o sawsedge_n which_o they_o digest_v with_o as_o much_o ease_n as_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n do_v their_o choice_a delicacy_n from_o their_o great_a greediness_n in_o devour_v this_o sort_n of_o diet_n they_o be_v usual_o call_v by_o the_o hollander_n and_o other_o german_n speckmuffen_n or_o bacon-gut_n with_o these_o meat_n they_o eat_v a_o black_a and_o harsh_a taste_v bread_n make_v of_o the_o coarse_a wheat_n or_o rye-meal_n this_o in_o their_o barbarous_a and_o rustic_a dialect_n they_o call_v pumpernickell_n a_o compound_n that_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o affinity_n with_o any_o primitive_a in_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n some_o of_o their_o learned_a man_n give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o word_n that_o a_o french_a gentleman_n travel_v this_o country_n and_o be_v ask_v what_o he_o think_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o bread_n make_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v bon_fw-fr pour_fw-fr cheval_fw-fr i._n e._n good_a diet_n for_o a_o horse_n which_o word_n be_v not_o right_o proportion_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o brunswic_n bore_v that_o hear_v he_o be_v by_o they_o miserable_o corrupt_v into_o the_o word_n beforementioned_a their_o land_n afford_v no_o wine_n but_o they_o think_v that_o defect_n abundant_o recompense_v by_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o beer_n brew_v in_o most_o place_n of_o note_n the_o brunswicker_n be_v not_o it_o be_v true_a so_o complaisant_a in_o their_o behaviour_n and_o carriage_n as_o some_o other_o german_n which_o a_o traveller_n may_v meet_v with_o but_o their_o unfeigned_a humanity_n and_o hospitality_n will_v sufficient_o atone_v for_o their_o want_n of_o courtship_n they_o know_v how_o to_o be_v civil_a to_o a_o stranger_n without_o flattery_n and_o in_o in_o their_o entertainment_n of_o traveller_n their_o performance_n be_v common_o as_o large_a as_o a_o french_a man_n promise_n we_o have_v already_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n acquaint_v the_o reader_n that_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n which_o be_v afterward_o subdivide_v into_o those_o of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o one_o prince_n and_o we_o have_v there_o also_o give_v he_o a_o account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o dominion_n with_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o under_o several_a prince_n during_o the_o union_n of_o its_o member_n the_o first_o division_n of_o these_o territory_n happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1264_o at_o which_o time_n duke_n otho_n two_o son_n albert_n and_o john_n not_o like_v to_o be_v copartner_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n divide_v the_o land_n assign_v to_o the_o former_a the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o to_o the_o late_a the_o other_o of_o luneburg_n however_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o luneburg_n grandchild_n to_o the_o forementioned_a duke_n john_n without_o issue_n male_a in_o the_o year_n 1368_o the_o two_o dukedom_n be_v again_o joint_o subject_a to_o duke_n magnus_n surname_v torquatus_n but_o in_o this_o they_o can_v not_o long_o continue_v for_o torquatus_n son_n as_o ambitious_a of_o independent_a and_o absolute_a government_n as_o their_o predecessor_n again_o separate_v court_n bernbard_n the_o elder_a brother_n claim_v this_o dukedom_n to_o himself_o and_o assign_v luneburg_n to_o henry_n his_o young_a brother_n after_o who_o death_n his_o son_n william_n surname_v victoriosus_fw-la for_o his_o valorous_a exploit_n fall_v upon_o his_o uncle_n bernhard_n who_o he_o reduce_v to_o those_o strait_n at_o last_o that_o he_o make_v he_o and_o his_o two_o son_n change_v dukedom_n with_o he_o from_o that_o time_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n be_v enjoy_v by_o william_n and_o his_o successor_n until_o the_o extirpation_n of_o that_o line_n in_o frideric_n vlrich_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n a._n d._n 1634._o in_o the_o year_n 1491_o this_o dukedom_n be_v divide_v by_o henry_n the_o elder_n and_o his_o brother_n eric_n into_o two_o equal_a share_n whereof_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o the_o river_n deister_n and_o leina_fw-la together_o with_o the_o territory_n of_o gottingen_n and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic-wolfenbuttel_n remain_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o henry_n but_o soon_o after_o eric_n line_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n eric_n ii_o in_o italy_n a._n d._n 1584._o be_v extinct_a and_o these_o two_o dukedom_n again_o unite_v in_o the_o house_n of_o wolfenbuttel_n in_o which_o condition_n they_o remain_v till_o the_o death_n of_o frideric_n vlric_n beforementioned_a after_o which_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wolfenbuttel_n and_o calenberg_n descend_v upon_o some_o young_a brother_n of_o the_o house_n of_o luneburg_n the_o famous_a and_o learned_a prince_n augustus_n be_v advance_v to_o wolfenbuttel_n where_o he_o be_v now_o succeed_v by_o his_o son_n rodulphus_fw-la augustus_n of_o these_o two_o duke_n the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a character_n in_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o the_o palace_n at_o wolfenbuttel_n it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a in_o this_o place_n to_o relate_v for_o the_o reader_n be_v diversion_n the_o romantic_a history_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o ancient_a guelphian_a family_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o former_o afford_v duke_n at_o the_o same_o time_n of_o bavaria_n and_o saxony_n and_o of_o which_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v now_o the_o sole_a relic_n the_o story_n go_v thus_o jermintrudis_n countess_n of_o altorf_n in_o schwaben_n have_v accuse_v a_o poor_a woman_n of_o adultery_n and_o cause_v several_a severe_a punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v on_o she_o for_o have_v have_v twelve_o child_n at_o a_o birth_n be_v within_o a_o while_n after_o deliver_v of_o the_o same_o number_n herself_o and_o all_o of_o they_o son_n her_o husband_n count_n isenberd_n be_v absent_a at_o the_o time_n of_o her_o delivery_n she_o command_v the_o midwife_n to_o kill_v eleven_o of_o they_o fear_v possible_o she_o herself_o may_v undergo_v the_o same_o punishment_n or_o scandal_n at_o least_o which_o the_o poor_a beggar_n woman_n have_v do_v upon_o her_o instigation_n the_o midwife_n go_v to_o execute_v her_o lady_n barbarous_a command_n be_v meet_v by_o the_o count_n return_v home_o who_o inquire_v what_o she_o carry_v in_o her_o apron_n be_v answer_v woelpen_v i._n e._n whelp_n but_o suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o she_o say_v upon_o her_o refusal_n to_o show_v they_o examine_v far_o into_o the_o matter_n force_v she_o to_o confess_v the_o whole_a story_n upon_o which_o enjoin_v the_o old_a woman_n secrecy_n and_o conceal_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o fact_n from_o his_o countess_n he_o put_v out_o all_o the_o child_n to_o nurse_n take_v care_n their_o education_n shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o their_o quality_n at_o the_o end_n of_o six_o year_n the_o count_n invite_v to_o a_o great_a feast_n most_o of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o lady_n relation_n to_o who_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o jollity_n he_o present_v his_o eleven_o son_n all_o attire_v alike_o to_o their_o mother_n who_o
rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n and_o for_o these_o and_o the_o like_a reason_n many_o of_o they_o at_o first_o secret_o favour_v afterward_o open_o join_v themselves_o and_o their_o power_n to_o demetri_fw-la particular_o peter_n basmaneuf_n entrust_v with_o a_o army_n by_o boris_n to_o fight_v against_o he_o go_v and_o carry_v with_o he_o all_o his_o army_n to_o demetri_fw-la and_o bring_v he_o to_o moskow_n in_o a_o manner_n without_o any_o bloodshed_n at_o which_o time_n boris_n first_o on_o april_n 13_o 1605_o and_o short_o after_o his_o wife_n and_o son_n die_v either_o by_o poison_n as_o most_o say_v or_o murder_v by_o some_o send_v from_o demetri_fw-la to_o that_o purpose_n and_o leave_v the_o throne_n void_a to_o that_o impostor_n which_o he_o enjoy_v not_o nine_o month_n before_o he_o be_v suspect_v as_o not_o sleep_v after_o dinner_n nor_o use_v stove_n and_o in_o divers_a other_o matter_n not_o conform_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o when_o the_o russes_z see_v moreover_o that_o he_o have_v engage_v to_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o palatine_a of_o sandomiria_n and_o to_o bring_v in_o the_o roman_a religion_n they_o form_v a_o conspiracy_n against_o he_o chief_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o vasilie_o zuisky_n they_o choose_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o design_n the_o seventeen_o day_n of_o may_n 1606_o nine_o day_n after_o his_o marriage_n when_o zuisky_n with_o other_o boiar_n and_o the_o people_n after_o dinner_n find_v the_o guard_n asleep_a force_v their_o way_n into_o his_o chamber_n he_o affright_v with_o the_o noise_n leap_v out_o of_o a_o window_n and_o break_v his_o leg_n the_o boiar_n follow_v and_o there_o slay_v he_o and_o hurry_v his_o carcase_n into_o the_o marketplace_n where_o they_o also_o lay_v by_o he_o his_o great_a fautor_n basmaneuf_n expose_v they_o three_o day_n afterward_o they_o choose_v vasilie_o ivanowich_n zuisky_n grand_fw-fr tzar_n in_o his_o stead_n who_o be_v crown_v june_n 1_o 1606._o he_o have_v not_o reign_v long_o before_o another_o demetri_fw-la appear_v in_o poland_n and_o be_v by_o they_o assist_v raise_v very_o great_a trouble_n in_o muscovy_n after_o he_o also_o start_v up_o another_o demetri_fw-la in_o moskow_n itself_o who_o also_o find_v follower_n and_o abettor_n people_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o trouble_n and_o licentiousness_n take_v even_o a_o sorry_a pretence_n to_o rob_v and_o plunder_v meanwhile_o divers_a of_o the_o nobility_n bandy_v together_o against_o their_o lord_n zuisky_n pretend_v that_o he_o be_v unfortunate_a that_o victory_n seem_v to_o shun_v and_o trouble_v to_o follow_v he_o that_o as_o long_o as_o he_o govern_v there_o can_v be_v no_o hope_n of_o peace_n etc._n etc._n which_o silly_a story_n prevail_v so_o much_o upon_o a_o amaze_a people_n that_o they_o seize_v upon_o zuisky_n and_o shave_v he_o put_v he_o into_o a_o monastery_n meanwhile_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o idle_a in_o defend_v and_o assert_v their_o demetri_fw-la but_o come_v with_o their_o army_n before_o moskow_n the_o russes_z to_o heal_v all_o their_o wound_n and_o solder_v up_o their_o difference_n choose_v vladislaus_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v their_o grand_a duke_n upon_o certain_a condition_n whereof_o one_o be_v that_o zuisky_n and_o his_o family_n shall_v be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n which_o be_v according_o do_v and_o he_o imprison_v till_o death_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o highway_n the_o polish_v army_n before_o moskow_n understand_v the_o election_n of_o their_o prince_n behave_v themselves_o very_o peaceable_o for_o a_o while_n and_o the_o general_n with_o part_n of_o his_o army_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o castle_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n be_v quarter_v in_o the_o village_n without_o but_o they_o by_o little_a and_o little_o get_v into_o the_o city_n where_o they_o have_v not_o long_o continue_v ever_o there_o happen_v a_o quarrel_n which_o among_o man_n use_v to_o drunkenness_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o find_v of_o the_o pole_n against_o the_o russes_z whereupon_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o city_n and_o in_o despite_n of_o their_o general_n plunder_v and_o burn_v it_o they_o say_v that_o at_o that_o time_n perish_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o person_n the_o treasury_n also_o be_v pillage_v and_o all_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o emperor_n scatter_v among_o the_o polish_v soldier_n some_o of_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v charge_v their_o pistol_n with_o pearl_n the_o russes_z be_v in_o this_o almost_o desperate_a condition_n and_o upon_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o ruin_n at_o length_n a_o butcher_n who_o name_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v zachary_n listpenow_n begin_v not_o to_o despair_v and_o to_o give_v out_o among_o the_o people_n that_o if_o there_o can_v be_v find_v a_o honest_a treasurer_n there_o will_v not_o want_v good_a officer_n and_o soldier_n of_o the_o russ_n nation_n to_o deliver_v they_o from_o their_o misery_n and_o settle_v peace_n and_o glory_n again_o in_o their_o country_n the_o people_n destitute_a of_o other_o hope_n catch_v hold_v upon_o this_o straw_n and_o bid_v he_o name_n who_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v general_n which_o he_o do_v and_o propose_v to_o they_o a_o very_a worthy_a but_o poor_a and_o neglect_a gentleman_n call_v pozarskey_n the_o people_n approve_v his_o choice_n take_v he_o for_o commander_n and_o the_o butcher_n they_o make_v treasurer_n bring_v ready_o unto_o he_o all_o the_o money_n they_o owe_v unto_o the_o emperor_n and_o what_o they_o can_v spare_v of_o their_o own_o wherewith_o he_o present_o raise_v a_o army_n and_o join_v it_o with_o a_o body_n of_o cossack_n then_o in_o service_n of_o the_o muscovite_n they_o march_v to_o moskow_n besiege_v the_o pole_n in_o the_o castle_n and_o force_v they_o to_o surrender_v and_o to_o march_v out_o of_o the_o empire_n which_o they_o immediate_o perform_v hereupon_o the_o russ_n nobility_n convene_v at_o moskow_n and_o see_v their_o country_n free_a from_o stranger_n and_o a_o obedient_a army_n of_o their_o own_o they_o resolve_v upon_o elect_v of_o a_o new_a emperor_n which_o they_o put_v in_o execution_n ann_n 1613_o and_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o young_a man_n call_v michael_n federowitz_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n unto_o he_o his_o father_n have_v forsake_v his_o wife_n for_o god_n sake_n as_o they_o say_v i._n e._n quit_v she_o and_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o devotion_n in_o a_o monastery_n he_o be_v of_o the_o house_n of_o romanove_n and_o when_o his_o son_n be_v choose_v tzar_n he_o also_o be_v elect_v patriarch_n and_o be_v a_o very_a wise_a and_o moderate_a person_n he_o put_v his_o son_n who_o be_v always_o obedient_a unto_o he_o upon_o secure_a and_o prudent_a counsel_n his_o name_n be_v change_v to_o philaretes_n nikiditz_n and_o he_o die_v ann_n 1633._o the_o first_o thing_n he_o do_v be_v to_o recover_v smolensko_n and_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o christian_a prince_n especial_o king_n james_n he_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o pole_n he_o also_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o swede_n who_o have_v be_v the_o sore_a and_o heavy_a enemy_n to_o the_o russes_z and_o by_o the_o assistance_n also_o of_o king_n james_n a_o accord_n be_v make_v and_o all_o difference_n reconcile_v the_o swede_n be_v to_o render_v novogrod_v stara_n russa_n porkow_n lagda_n aydow_n with_o all_o their_o territory_n to_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o muscovite_n surrender_v ivanogrod_v jama_n coporia_n noteburg_n with_o their_o precinct_n to_o the_o swede_n and_o renounce_v all_o title_n to_o livonia_n which_o be_v no_o small_a prejudice_n to_o the_o russ_n who_o thereby_o lose_v the_o salt_n trade_n which_o have_v bring_v in_o no_o small_a revenue_n he_o die_v july_n 12_o 1645_o in_o the_o forty-seventh_a year_n of_o his_o age_n and_o thirty-third_a of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v a_o prudent_a pious_a and_o valiant_a person_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o banish_v the_o memory_n of_o former_a tyranny_n and_o to_o make_v up_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o own_o people_n which_o he_o do_v very_o successful_o to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n alex_v michaelowitz_n a_o more_o martial_a but_o yet_o as_o mild_a a_o governor_n who_o action_n be_v so_o fresh_a in_o all_o man_n memory_n that_o i_o think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o write_v they_o but_o such_o have_v be_v these_o of_o the_o house_n romanove_n that_o if_o their_o successor_n continue_v to_o tread_v in_o the_o step_n of_o these_o their_o ancestor_n they_o need_v not_o doubt_v of_o both_o a_o last_a reign_n and_o glory_n to_o all_o posterity_n he_o die_v about_o the_o year_n 1676_o and_o leave_v his_o son_n a_o young_a prince_n of_o about_o sixteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o succeed_v he_o the_o lake_n and_o river_n of_o muscovy_n concern_v the_o lake_n and_o river_n of_o muscovy_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1._o that_o almost_o all_o
riches_n 1370_o lodowick_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o nephew_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a hitherto_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v successive_a except_o when_o the_o king_n die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o three_o class_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v elective_a vladislaus_n jagello_n be_v oblige_v to_o swear_v as_o hartknoch_n acquaint_v we_o that_o he_o receive_v it_o by_o election_n and_o not_o succession_n this_o class_n contain_v the_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonian_a family_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1386_o vladislaus_n jagello_n choose_a husband_n to_o heduiges_n second_o daughter_n to_o lodowic_n and_o therewith_o king_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n his_o dominion_n of_o litvania_n samogitia_n and_o part_n of_o prussia_n become_v christian_n himself_o and_o endeavour_v the_o conversion_n of_o those_o nation_n and_o last_o pay_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o florin_n to_o william_n duke_n of_o austria_n forfeit_v by_o heduiges_n who_o be_v before_o contract_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n he_o be_v a_o pious_a prince_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o university_n at_o cracow_n 1434_o vladislaus_n iii_o 1447_o casimirus_n iu._n it_o be_v very_o memorable_a what_o loccenius_n report_v of_o this_o king_n how_o that_o meeting_n with_o charles_n king_n of_o swedeland_n at_o dantzick_n he_o be_v force_v to_o get_v a_o monk_n to_o talk_v latin_a with_o the_o say_a king_n who_o understand_v not_o polish_v but_o talk_v latin_a accurate_o hereupon_o casimir_n be_v ashamed_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o follower_n return_v home_n cause_v public_a proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v that_o from_o thenceforward_a no_o man_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o any_o dignity_n except_o he_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v latin_n whence_o say_v the_o same_o author_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v ever_o since_o excel_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n 1492_o johannes_n albertus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o tartar_n lay_v waste_v rusia_n podolia_n and_o several_a other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1501_o alexander_n this_o king_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o prodigal_a that_o have_v he_o rule_v long_o he_o will_v have_v beggar_v the_o nation_n his_o queen_n helena_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o be_v crown_v because_o be_v a_o greek_a she_o refuse_v to_o conform_v to_o the_o roman_a church_n 1507_o sigismond_n i._o reckon_v by_o paulus_n jovius_n one_o of_o the_o three_o worthy_n charles_n v._o emperor_n and_o francis_n i._o king_n of_o france_n be_v the_o other_o who_o have_v they_o not_o be_v contemporary_a prince_n deserve_v single_o to_o have_v rule_v the_o whole_a world_n beside_o the_o large_a endowment_n of_o his_o mind_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o such_o vast_a strength_n of_o body_n that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o he_o in_o his_o youth_n to_o break_v asunder_o horse-shoe_n and_o strong_a rope_n 1548_o sigismundus_n augustus_n in_o his_o time_n the_o lutheran_n religion_n begin_v first_o to_o take_v foot_v in_o poland_n the_o four_o and_o last_o class_n contain_v a_o register_n of_o king_n elect_v out_o of_o divers_a family_n which_o occasion_v several_a interregna_fw-la the_o order_n of_o these_o prince_n be_v as_o follow_v 1574_o henry_n valois_n duke_n of_o anjou_n he_o flee_v from_o poland_n into_o france_n upon_o news_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n death_n and_o be_v thereupon_o depose_v by_o the_o estate_n he_o reign_v five_o month_n 1576_o stephen_n bathor_n palatine_n of_o transylvania_n 1587._o sigismond_n iii_o prince_n of_o sweden_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n iii_o be_v crown_v also_o king_n of_o sweden_n but_o depose_v again_o by_o his_o subject_n chief_o for_o attempt_v to_o introduce_v the_o roman_a religion_n among_o they_o in_o which_o he_o have_v be_v educate_v by_o his_o mother_n his_o uncle_n charles_n ix_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n be_v choose_v in_o his_o place_n 1632_o vladislaus_n iu_o famous_a for_o his_o many_o conquest_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o subdue_a muscovy_n of_o which_o he_o be_v elect_v tzar_n in_o his_o father_n life-time_n 1648_o john_n casimir_n design_v for_o a_o religious_a and_o have_v live_v two_o year_n of_o probation_n among_o the_o jesuit_n but_o as_o hartknoch_n write_v nominate_v cardinal_n by_o innocent_a x._o before_o he_o take_v the_o vow_n of_o that_o order_n be_v elect_v king_n he_o marry_v his_o brother_n sigismund_n widow_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o diadem_n and_o retire_v into_o france_n 1669_o michael_n koributh_n duke_n of_o wisniowiec_n a_o unfortunate_a prince_n who_o lose_v caminiec_n to_o the_o turk_n 1674_o john_n sobieski_n former_o general_n against_o the_o turk_n now_o reign_v a._n d._n 1679._o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n except_o she_o be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n be_v never_o crown_v nor_o then_o unless_o the_o king_n himself_o request_v it_o who_o be_v always_o present_a at_o her_o coronation_n during_o his_o life_n the_o charge_n of_o her_o court_n be_v defray_v out_o of_o his_o exchequer_n but_o after_o his_o death_n she_o maintain_v herself_o out_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o such_o land_n as_o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n make_v over_o to_o she_o upon_o marriage_n the_o senate_n of_o poland_n be_v famous_a as_o well_o for_o the_o nobility_n as_o number_v of_o person_n among_o who_o he_o that_o precede_v all_o the_o rest_n both_o in_o dignity_n and_o place_n be_v the_o archbishop_z of_o gnesna_n who_o always_o sit_v next_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o right_a hand_n he_o have_v belong_v to_o his_o court_n a_o marshal_n who_o be_v also_o a_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o castellane_n this_o marshal_n ride_v before_o the_o archbishop_n coach_n and_o when_o he_o go_v to_o court_n carry_v a_o staff_n before_o he_o upright_o till_o he_o come_v into_o the_o king_n chamber_n where_o he_o turn_v it_o downward_o his_o authority_n be_v so_o great_a that_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o other_o marshal_n he_o bear_v the_o staff_n of_o authority_n before_o the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v to_o the_o general_a assembly_n the_o archbishop_n have_v also_o a_o cross_n bear_v before_o he_o which_o the_o bearer_n hold_v upright_o behind_o his_o chair_n whilst_o he_o sit_v in_o the_o senate_n next_o to_o the_o marshal_n be_v the_o chancellor_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o public_a affair_n both_o in_o church_n and_o state_n the_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o archbishop_n court_n be_v the_o chamberlain_n master_n of_o request_n steward_n of_o his_o table_n treasurer_n chaplain_n library-keeper_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o clerk_n of_o the_o kitchin_n as_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n while_o his_o meat_n be_v go_v up_o to_o table_n whether_o at_o home_n or_o abroad_o the_o drum_n beat_v when_o he_o come_v to_o court_n he_o go_v direct_o to_o the_o king_n never_o wait_v his_o majesty_n leisure_n or_o any_o prefix_a time_n and_o upon_o notice_n of_o his_o come_n he_o be_v meet_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stair_n by_o the_o sub-chamberlain_n at_o the_o top_n by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court._n when_o he_o approach_v the_o royal_a presence_n the_o king_n himself_o go_v some_o pace_n to_o meet_v he_o the_o title_n which_o the_o king_n give_v he_o be_v to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n by_o other_o he_o be_v style_v most_o high_a and_o most_o reverend_a lord_n lord_n n._n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n and_o the_o apostolic_a see_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n legate_n bear_v primate_n and_o chief_a prince_n of_o the_o polonian_a nobility_n his_o prerogative_n be_v so_o great_a that_o he_o give_v not_o place_n to_o any_o cardinal_n for_o which_o reason_n no_o cardinal_n be_v ambitious_a of_o be_v send_v into_o poland_n next_o to_o he_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n take_v place_n after_o these_o two_o archbishop_n the_o bishop_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o senate_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o cracow_n 2._o cujavia_n who_o be_v also_o bishop_n of_o vladislow_n and_o pomerania_n 3._o vilna_n and_o 4._o posnania_n by_o turn_n 5._o polockzo_n 6._o varmia_n and_o 7._o luceorea_n by_o turn_n 8._o praemislia_n 9_o samogitia_n or_o mednic_n 10._o culmo_fw-la 11._o chelmo_n 12._o kiovia_n and_o zernichovia_n 13._o kamienieck_n 14._o smolensko_n these_o bishop_n sit_v on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o king_n next_o the_o two_o archbishop_n concern_v the_o revenue_n and_o splendour_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o poland_n see_v cromer_n l._n 2._o descript_n pol._n pag._n 177._o and_o stanislaus_n lubienski_n in_o vita_fw-la angelotti_n fol._n 310._o bishop_n by_o the_o law_n be_v forbid_v to_o hold_v abbey_n in_o commendam_fw-la with_o their_o bishopric_n only_o the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n and_o kamienieck_n have_v lose_v their_o revenue_n be_v now_o permit_v that_o liberty_n for_o their_o subsistence_n next_o to_o the_o bishop_n sit_v
october_n they_o have_v a_o general_a rendezvous_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n who_o bring_v with_o they_o to_o the_o place_n appoint_v loaf_n of_o bread_n and_o vessel_n full_a of_o beer_n these_o they_o set_v on_o a_o table_n spread_v with_o hay_n that_o do_v they_o bring_v out_o a_o young_a heifer_n a_o boar_n and_o a_o sow_n a_o cock_n and_o hen_n with_o other_o such_o cattle_n and_o poultry_n as_o the_o house_n afford_v in_o pair_n male_a and_o female_a when_o thing_n be_v thus_o in_o readiness_n out_o come_v a_o old_a priest_n or_o wizard_n who_o mumble_v over_o a_o few_o hard_a word_n give_v the_o sacrifice_n a_o blow_n with_o a_o stick_n which_o stroke_n be_v second_v by_o the_o whole_a company_n till_o the_o heifer_n be_v dead_a and_o beat_v to_o piece_n whilst_o this_o ceremony_n last_v they_o cry_v this_o oblation_n of_o thanksgiving_n we_o make_v thou_o o_o ziemiennik_n so_o they_o call_v the_o feign_a god_n for_o that_o it_o have_v please_v thou_o to_o preserve_v we_o from_o all_o the_o evil_n of_o the_o year_n past_a and_o we_o beseech_v thou_o to_o protect_v and_o defend_v we_o for_o the_o future_a from_o fire_n sword_z pestilence_n and_o all_o our_o enemy_n after_o this_o they_o take_v a_o little_a of_o every_o dish_n they_o have_v provide_v and_o put_v it_o in_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o house_n and_o in_o the_o ground_n cry_v aloud_o accept_v o_o ziemiennik_n our_o offering_n eat_v with_o we_o and_o be_v merry_a the_o solemnity_n thus_o over_o they_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n in_o feast_v and_o drunkenness_n there_o be_v no_o city_n or_o great_a town_n in_o samogitia_n of_o any_o consequence_n mzdniki_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o despicable_a city_n all_o the_o rest_n scarce_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o village_n lithvania_n and_o this_o province_n have_v all_o along_o be_v sharer_n in_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o change_n they_o be_v both_o at_o once_o subject_a to_o the_o russian_n at_o once_o overrun_v by_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o at_o once_o convert_v from_o idolatry_n and_o subject_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n livonia_n livonia_n or_o liefland_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o russia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o finland-bay_n on_o the_o south_n with_o samogitia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lithvania_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o 500_o english_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n near_o 160._o the_o country_n be_v general_o plain_a and_o fruitful_a abound_v with_o corn_n and_o honey_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v fenny_a full_a of_o lake_n and_o river_n the_o many_o conquest_n this_o land_n have_v suffer_v have_v make_v its_o inhabitant_n a_o medley_n of_o moscovite_n swede_n dane_n polander_n and_o german_n but_o the_o last_o have_v the_o great_a share_n in_o the_o country_n whence_o the_o generality_n speak_v high-dutch_a the_o common_a people_n be_v use_v as_o hardly_o here_o as_o in_o poland_n or_o lithvania_n and_o the_o nobility_n lord_n it_o as_o much_o drunkenness_n and_o gluttony_n be_v vice_n the_o lieflander_n be_v general_o addict_v to_o from_o the_o great_a lord_n to_o the_o mean_a peasant_n the_o boar_n will_v be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o get_v a_o live_n consider_v the_o untolerable_a drudgery_n they_o undergo_v if_o they_o have_v not_o the_o privilege_n of_o hunt_a hare_n of_o which_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n in_o these_o part_n white_a in_o winter_n and_o brown_a in_o summer_n fox_n bear_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o venison_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o all_o author_n that_o liefland_n be_v first_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o sigismond_n augustus_n though_o the_o story_n be_v tell_v different_a way_n kojalowicz_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n furstenburg_n master_n of_o the_o liefland_n order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o his_o turn_n lutheran_n have_v frequent_a quarrel_n with_o william_n archbishop_n of_o riga_n who_o he_o accuse_v at_o a_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n at_o winden_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n of_o betray_v curland_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o albert_n duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n his_o kinsman_n upon_o this_o pretence_n he_o immediate_o enter_v the_o archbishops_n territory_n with_o a_o army_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n king_n sigismond_n hear_v this_o wage_n war_n with_o liefland_n and_o a.d._n 1557_o conquer_v it_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o war_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o better_a pretension_n than_o these_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o arise_v many_o skirmish_n between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n touch_v point_n of_o religion_n yet_o during_o furstenburg_n government_n ivan_n duke_n of_o moscovy_n and_o not_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n overrun_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n against_o who_o gothard_n ketler_n furstenburg_n successor_n request_v the_o aid_n of_o king_n sigismond_n who_o quick_o beat_v the_o moscovian_a out_o of_o his_o hold_n and_o create_v gothard_n duke_n of_o curland_n annex_v the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o dominion_n but_o he_o find_v this_o country_n be_v easy_o conquer_v than_o keep_v for_o the_o revalians_n find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovian_o commit_v their_o land_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n whereupon_o this_o king_n think_v his_o title_n to_o liefland_n be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o polander_n especial_o since_o ferdinand_n the_o emperor_n have_v give_v he_o the_o sole_a charge_n of_o defend_v it_o upon_o these_o pretension_n he_o present_o rout_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o habsal_n lehale_n parnow_n and_o other_o place_n and_o put_v into_o they_o garrison_n of_o his_o own_o beside_o the_o polish_v interest_n receive_v at_o the_o same_o time_n another_o fatal_a blow_n upon_o this_o occasion_n john_n duke_n of_o finland_n marry_v katherine_n sister_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o who_o he_o lend_v 80000_o some_o say_v 124000_o dollar_n upon_o a_o mortgage_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o wittenstein_n karchise_v frichate_n helmult_n ermise_n ruja_n and_o bortwic_n all_o in_o liefland_n return_v into_o sweden_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o king_n eric_n his_o brother_n of_o high_a treason_n in_o offer_v to_o make_v a_o confederacy_n as_o he_o call_v it_o with_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n without_o his_o consent_n in_o this_o rage_n the_o king_n rob_v his_o brother_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o take_v they_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n not_o without_o the_o pretence_n of_o be_v more_o able_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o moscovite_n not_o long_o after_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n with_o irresistible_a force_n create_v the_o great_a duke_n of_o holstein_n king_n of_o liefland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n perceive_v matter_n bring_v to_o this_o pass_n they_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o lay_v aside_o all_o petit_fw-fr animosity_n between_o their_o two_o kingdom_n and_o to_o join_v force_n against_o their_o common_a enemy_n the_o moscovite_n fear_v lest_o otherwise_o whilst_o they_o two_o stand_v quarrel_v for_o each_o a_o shell_n he_o shall_v snatch_v away_o the_o fish_n and_o indeed_o this_o confederacy_n prove_v very_o successful_a to_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1580_o retake_v many_o strong_a hold_v from_o the_o moscovite_n as_o lode_n lehale_n habsal_n narwe_v the_o province_n of_o wicki_n wittenstein_n carelogrod_n etc._n etc._n steven_n king_n of_o poland_n fear_v lest_o if_o the_o swede_n go_v on_o with_o the_o same_o success_n and_o vigour_n he_o begin_v with_o he_o will_v bring_v all_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o beck_n clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o moscovite_n unknown_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o moscovite_n shall_v restore_v all_o the_o place_n he_o have_v take_v in_o lithvania_n that_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n king_n stephen_n shall_v restore_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n vielikoluk_n and_o some_o other_o fort_n he_o have_v take_v in_o these_o war_n after_o this_o when_o sigismond_n son_n of_o john_n the_o three_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n elect_a king_n of_o poland_n the_o pole_n admit_v he_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v annex_v all_o that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o be_v under_o his_o government_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o sigismond_n the_o three_o come_v to_o he_o crown_n of_o sweden_n can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v persuade_v to_o grant_v this_o request_n when_o he_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o kingdom_n there_o arise_v bloody_a war_n between_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n
still_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o that_o time_n the_o polander_n begin_v to_o sleight_n and_o hate_v the_o silesian_n seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o silesian_n nobility_n to_o council_n of_o parliament_n and_o balk_v the_o right_a succession_n if_o any_o of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n these_o jealousy_n and_o quarrel_n be_v foment_v and_o increase_v by_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o by_o this_o mean_v whedle_v the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n into_o his_o yoke_n and_o afterward_o force_v casimir_n the_o great_a to_o resign_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o that_o province_n into_o his_o hand_n after_o this_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v frequent_a skirmish_n with_o the_o bohemian_o yet_o never_o regain_v any_o considerable_a foot_n in_o silesia_n for_o except_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o wschovia_n retake_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a a.d._n 1343_o and_o some_o other_o parcel_n of_o ground_n annex_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o poland_n silesia_n be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n lusatia_n be_v once_o conquer_v by_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n but_o soon_o after_o lose_v again_o lusâ—â—â—â—_n lusâ—â—â—â—_n for_o though_o when_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n subdue_v silesia_n lusatia_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o so_o continue_v yet_o the_o polander_n claim_v no_o more_o of_o it_o as_o lord_n of_o silesia_n than_o a_o few_o frontier_n town_n the_o rest_n be_v under_o the_o marquess_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o goldastus_n prove_v it_o be_v without_o all_o authority_n of_o annal_n what_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o etymology_n maâ—â—â—_n neâ—_n maâ—â—â—_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n that_o new_a marck_n indeed_o or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a share_n of_o it_o be_v they_o be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n since_o as_o the_o best_a historian_n witness_v miecislaus_fw-la or_o miscio_n the_o first_o christian_a duke_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n of_o lubuss_n this_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o polander_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o recover_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o successor_n keep_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1109_o when_o it_o be_v again_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v_n who_o give_v it_o to_o adelgot_v archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o silesia_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o second_o the_o territory_n of_o lubuss_n devolve_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o silesian_n duke_n whence_o it_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o to_o be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cromer_n say_v it_o be_v mortgage_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o bald_a and_o never_o redeem_v but_o dlugossus_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1198._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v sell_v by_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislavia_n from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v in_o new_a marck_n and_o at_o present_a have_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o it_o vladislaus_n jagello_n bring_v it_o whole_o under_o his_o power_n but_o his_o son_n find_v it_o too_o hot_a service_n for_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o marquis_n john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n part_v with_o the_o last_o stake_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o drahim_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o bydgost_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o that_o the_o slavonian_n be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n be_v undeniable_o true_a …_o pom_n …_o pomorska_n in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v near_o the_o sea_n whence_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n a_o ancient_a and_o judicious_a polish_v writer_n use_v frequent_o the_o word_n maritima_n for_o pomeren_n and_o speak_v of_o this_o country_n these_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o maritimae_n praeses_fw-la maritimae_n dux_n ingressus_fw-la est_fw-la maritimam_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o polander_n be_v master_n of_o pomeren_n immediate_o upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o slavoniaus_n be_v a_o grand_a question_n which_o the_o pole_n affirm_v but_o the_o pomeranian_o deny_v and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o they_o helmoldus_n agree_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v with_o the_o latter_a place_n pomeren_n among_o the_o free_a slavonian_a province_n lie_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n and_o before_o his_o day_n adam_n bremensis_n give_v we_o the_o same_o account_n micraelius_n a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n lib._n 2._o chron._n pomer_n num_fw-la 46._o p._n 191._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o the_o polander_n make_v upon_o pomeren_n be_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o authorize_v boleslaus_n chrobri_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o bring_v into_o his_o subjection_n the_o prussian_n pomeranians_n wendi_n and_o russian_n which_o do_v the_o emperor_n at_o a_o visit_n give_v king_n boleslaus_n make_v the_o bishop_n of_o colberg_n a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o spread_v his_o dominion_n all_o over_o casubia_n and_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n put_v garrison_n into_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n between_o the_o persandt_n and_o the_o vistula_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o they_o to_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n but_o upon_o bela_n return_n into_o hungary_n pomeren_n shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o only_o be_v subject_n to_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o till_o svantibor_n surrender_v it_o again_o to_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v free_v he_o from_o prison_n to_o which_o his_o own_o subject_n have_v commit_v he_o after_o svantibors_n death_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o four_o son_n whereof_o two_o who_o be_v duke_n of_o the_o western_a pomeren_n from_o colberg_n as_o far_o as_o the_o marck_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v admit_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n the_o other_o two_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v themselves_o subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o pomeranian_o soon_o weary_a of_o bondage_n revolt_v once_o more_o from_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o perhaps_o have_v for_o ever_o reject_v his_o government_n have_v not_o mestwin_n their_o duke_n want_v issue_n endeavour_v to_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n for_o look_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n as_o mere_a stranger_n be_v indeed_o three_o part_n of_o they_o german_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreign_a nation_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o swear_v fealty_n to_o praemislaus_fw-la ii_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o quarter_v his_o coat_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n the_o gryphin_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n become_v sole_a lord_n of_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1460_o casimir_n jagellonides_n straighten_a in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n commit_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o lavenburgh_n and_o bouta_n to_o the_o trust_n of_o eric_n ii_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n who_o successor_n george_n son_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la x._o and_o nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v these_o city_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v some_o sleight_n acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o these_o term_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n renew_v his_o title_n to_o these_o place_n after_o the_o usual_a fashion_n by_o his_o ambassador_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o what_o right_a the_o polander_n have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o former_o their_o pretension_n be_v much_o great_a than_o now_o sometime_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n lord_v it_o over_o the_o prussian_n and_o make_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_v his_o vicegerent_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o the_o
knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n have_v make_v their_o master_n in_o the_o year_n 1525_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o the_o teutonick_n order_n shall_v be_v whole_o extirpate_v and_o that_o part_n of_o prussia_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v ducal_z prussia_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a marquis_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n or_o regal_a prussia_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n shall_v always_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v precedent_n of_o the_o king_n council_n last_o john_n casimir_n the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n grant_v first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o and_o again_o 1663._o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n over_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o dukedom_n upon_o defect_n of_o male_a issue_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o supreme_a landlord_n and_o be_v confer_v on_o the_o duke_n of_o onoldsbach_n and_o culmbach_n as_o feudatary_n muscovy_n muscovy_n how_o affair_n stand_v at_o present_a between_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v by_o both_o party_n a.d._n 1667_o speak_v of_o before_o but_o former_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v lay_v claim_n and_o make_v good_a their_o title_n either_o by_o justice_n or_o the_o sword_n to_o several_a large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o first_o jorislaus_n duke_n of_o russia_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n a.d._n 1018._o afterward_o a.d._n 1069_o boleslaus_n ii_o possess_v himself_o of_o kiow_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o russia_n over_o which_o he_o set_v jesaslaus_n a_o tributary_n duke_n after_o his_o death_n continual_a war_n be_v between_o the_o two_o nation_n till_o casimir_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 1340_o reduce_v the_o southern_a russia_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n but_o how_o little_a of_o that_o remain_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v show_v before_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v style_v themselves_o king_n of_o sweden_n sweden_n sweden_n upon_o no_o other_o pretence_n then_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n but_o this_o title_n cease_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n as_o have_v already_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o description_n of_o liefland_n of_o the_o pretension_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v see_v to_o what_o kingdom_n and_o country_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v in_o former_a age_n claim_v a_o right_a and_o title_n and_o we_o may_v perhaps_o find_v as_o many_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o have_v challenge_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o as_o good_a ground_n but_o to_o omit_v the_o many_o conquest_n obtain_v by_o the_o russian_n bohemian_o hungarian_n and_o other_o over_o the_o pole_n enough_o to_o entitle_v any_o potent_a prince_n to_o their_o kingdom_n the_o strong_a pretension_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v those_o of_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o most_o of_o the_o polish_v historian_n tell_v we_o that_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v create_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o before_o which_o time_n the_o prince_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v only_a duke_n this_o story_n be_v confirm_v by_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a writer_n of_o poland_n a_o ancient_a epitaph_n find_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o posen_n in_o which_o among_o other_o commendation_n of_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v the_o follow_a rhythm_n tu_fw-la possedisti_fw-la velut_fw-la athleta_fw-la christi_fw-la regnum_fw-la slavorum_n gothorum_fw-la seu_fw-la polonorum_fw-la caesar_n praecellens_fw-la a_o te_fw-la ducalia_n pellens_fw-la and_o again_o ob_fw-la famam_fw-la bonam_fw-la tibi_fw-la contulit_fw-la otto_n coronam_fw-la propter_fw-la luctamen_fw-la sit_fw-la tibi_fw-la salus_fw-la amen_n however_o though_o the_o historian_n of_o poland_n grant_v that_o boleslaus_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o king_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o they_o deny_v stubborn_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v ever_o subject_a or_o tributary_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o conringius_n a_o ingenious_a and_o learned_a german_a physician_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la germanici_fw-la imperii_fw-la c._n 18._o have_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a for_o not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a conquer_a poland_n as_o well_o as_o silesia_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o christian_a prince_n of_o poland_n pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n and_o the_o polish_v writer_n be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o otto_n iii_o remit_v all_o homage_n due_a otherwise_o to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n when_o he_o create_v he_o king_n after_o boleslaus_n death_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o his_o successor_n be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o usual_a tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o after_o this_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n very_o willing_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o be_v force_v out_o of_o their_o obstinate_a refusal_n at_o last_o in_o the_o long_a vacancy_n of_o the_o imperial_a throne_n soon_o after_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n during_o which_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o elect_a emperor_n whilst_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n be_v in_o a_o confuse_a distraction_n the_o polander_n take_v occasion_n to_o shake_v off_o the_o german_a yoke_n to_o which_o they_o can_v never_o since_o be_v reduce_v this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o relation_n which_o conringius_n give_v we_o of_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o poland_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n found_v chief_o upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o dithmarus_fw-la mersburgensis_n and_o helmoldus_n man_n of_o unquestionable_a veracity_n in_o their_o history_n hartknoch_n endeavour_v to_o evade_v the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n by_o say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o polander_n have_v former_o pay_v some_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o emperor_n by_o who_o it_o be_v demand_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o tribute_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o necessary_o suppose_v any_o dependence_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n for_o it_o be_v ordinary_a even_o with_o the_o emperor_n themselves_o to_o buy_v peace_n with_o money_n and_o thus_o the_o english_a buy_v their_o peace_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o make_v lewis_n xi_o king_n of_o france_n pay_v for_o he_o but_o let_v he_o consider_v first_o whether_o the_o word_n of_o helmoldus_n chron._n slau._n lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 9_o can_v be_v proper_o understand_v of_o any_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o be_v usual_o pay_v by_o any_o nation_n upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n when_o he_o say_v seruit_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la speak_v of_o poland_n sicut_fw-la bohemia_n sub_fw-la tributo_fw-la imperatoriae_fw-la majestati_fw-la here_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o plain_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v in_o his_o time_n as_o much_o tributary_n to_o the_o emperor_n as_o bohemia_n and_o how_o true_o that_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n every_o historian_n will_v show_v again_o it_o be_v not_o very_o considerate_o do_v to_o instance_n in_o the_o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o english_a to_o the_o dane_n or_o by_o lewis_n xi_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o both_o these_o be_v doubtless_o acknowledgement_n of_o subjection_n and_o homage_n the_o dane_n all_o know_v be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o our_o land_n for_o 26_o and_o make_v almost_o continual_a incursion_n into_o it_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 250_o year_n dane-gelt_a which_o perhaps_o hartknoch_n as_o some_o of_o our_o own_o historian_n have_v do_v mistake_v for_o a_o tribute_n or_o composition-money_n pay_v the_o dane_n upon_o any_o invasion_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o subsidy_n gather_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o stand_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o danish_a fury_n afterward_o indeed_o the_o word_n be_v use_v to_o denote_v a_o tribute_n sometime_o amount_v to_o 72000_o pound_n levy_v yearly_a in_o england_n and_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o refusal_n of_o which_o payment_n the_o english_a be_v sure_a to_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o that_o king_n displeasure_n this_o tribute_n be_v certain_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o true_a and_o real_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n which_o may_v have_v last_v long_o have_v not_o the_o saxon_a and_o danish_a line_n be_v peaceable_o unite_v in_o the_o pious_a king_n
the_o swedish_n nation_n have_v make_v a_o law_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o kill_v or_o injure_v a_o swede_n he_o shall_v pay_v only_o half_a the_o mulct_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o he_o have_v do_v the_o like_a to_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o 33._o atislus_n a_o warlike_a and_o magnificent_a king_n 34._o hotherus_fw-la who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dane_n and_o russes_z and_o die_v of_o a_o wound_n he_o receive_v in_o battle_n 35._o rodericus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n and_o swedland_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o either_o leave_v or_o lose_v the_o former_a he_o retire_v into_o the_o latter_a and_o there_o end_v his_o day_n 36._o attilus_n who_o kill_v wermundus_n king_n of_o denmark_n in_o single_a duel_n and_o be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v by_o wermundus_n two_o son_n after_o this_o king_n time_n the_o succession_n for_o about_o 600_o year_n be_v much_o interrupt_v who_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n be_v uncertain_a botvildus_n charles_n two_o ericus_n two_o and_o six_o more_o be_v mention_v but_o little_o more_o know_v of_o they_o than_o their_o name_n he_o who_o historian_n first_o pitch_n upon_o to_o have_v certain_o succeed_v be_v 46._o alricus_n who_o challenge_v gestiblindus_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o duel_n thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 47._o ericus_n iii_n surname_v the_o wise_a and_o by_o some_o the_o eloquent_a a_o happy_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n he_o reign_v according_a to_o johannes_n magnus_n computation_n about_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n birth_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o gothish_a king_n who_o reign_v short_o after_o their_o transmigration_n out_o of_o scandia_n while_o they_o dwell_v about_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n collect_v out_o of_o wolf_n lazius_n upon_o who_o credit_n you_o be_v to_o take_v they_o 1._o telephus_n well_o know_v for_o his_o exploit_n in_o the_o trojan_a war._n 2._o bericus_n or_o beget_n 3._o filimar_n 4._o frogradus_fw-la 5._o aringis_fw-la 6._o eurypilus_n 7._o tomyris_n 8._o antriregus_n after_o this_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scythia_n europea_n the_o goth_n either_o weary_a of_o that_o country_n or_o drive_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n be_v say_v by_o the_o same_o author_n though_o i_o find_v not_o his_o opinion_n second_v by_o any_o swedish_n writer_n to_o have_v return_v into_o gothia_n and_o particular_o to_o have_v pitch_v upon_o the_o isle_n gotland_n as_o the_o fit_a seat_n for_o their_o king_n a_o long_a series_n of_o who_o may_v seem_v not_o very_o necessary_a to_o be_v set_v down_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o with_o the_o swedish_n king_n before_o mention_v 48._o haldanus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o hunns_n overrun_v gothia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n build_v hunnaberg_n a_o ancient_a city_n in_o ostrogothia_a and_o after_o some_o continuance_n in_o the_o country_n be_v by_o this_o king_n at_o last_o utter_o expel_v 49._o sivardus_fw-la or_o sigvardus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n commotion_n arise_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o goth_n elect_v a_o separate_a king_n of_o their_o own_o name_v carolus_n who_o some_o make_v to_o be_v 50._o charles_n iii_o 51._o ericus_n iv_o slay_v by_o haldanus_n king_n of_o denmark_n 52._o haldanus_n who_o get_v the_o kingdom_n by_o his_o valour_n of_o this_o king_n be_v report_v several_a prodigious_a story_n as_o of_o his_o gigantic_a stature_n his_o pull_v up_o tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o such_o like_a not_o inferior_a to_o those_o which_o poet_n relate_v of_o hercules_n and_o the_o giant_n 53._o vngvinus_n who_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n unite_v gothia_n for_o a_o long_a time_n govern_v by_o distinct_a king_n 54._o ragvaldus_n or_o regnaldus_n 55._o amundus_n 56._o haquinus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o goth_n elect_v one_o sivardo_fw-la king_n of_o gothia_n 57_o ostenus_fw-la i._n who_o entertain_v a_o implacable_a hatred_n against_o the_o norwegian_n send_v a_o great_a army_n against_o they_o subdue_v their_o country_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n tributary_n to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o as_o a_o opprobrium_fw-la to_o the_o nation_n set_v a_o dog_n to_o be_v chief_a governor_n over_o they_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v all_o subjection_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v one_o hand_n and_o one_o foot_n this_o be_v mention_v both_o in_o the_o swedish_n and_o norwegian_a chronicle_n 58._o alverus_n or_o alaricus_n elect_v say_v krantzius_n out_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o happy_a reign_n stab_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o be_v impatient_a to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n which_o he_o think_v he_o may_v procure_v after_o his_o death_n but_o vain_o for_o the_o government_n be_v confer_v on_o 59_o ingo_n i._o elder_a son_n to_o alverus_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o order_v the_o election_n of_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o moresten_n near_o vpsal_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o suecia_n about_o this_o time_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o judge_n the_o next_o king_n be_v 60._o ingellus_fw-la i._n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n 61._o germunder_o in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n take_v prisoner_n and_o hang_v up_o upon_o a_o gibbet_n 62._o haquinus_n 63._o egellus_n after_o who_o time_n succeed_v several_a king_n johannes_n magnus_n reckon_v twenty_o concern_v who_o nothing_o very_o remarkable_a be_v set_v down_o by_o historian_n the_o next_o great_a epocha_n be_v count_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 84._o bero_n or_o biorno_n iii_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o sweden_n convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o one_o herebretus_n at_o his_o request_n send_v to_o he_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o germany_n 85._o brautamundus_n or_o amundus_n in_o some_o civil_a commotion_n in_o his_o kingdom_n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n and_o successor_n 86._o sivardus_fw-la ii_o who_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o norway_n be_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n overcome_v in_o battle_n the_o enemy_n force_n most_o consist_v of_o woman_n 87._o herotus_fw-la or_o haraldus_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n a_o war_n break_v out_o concern_v the_o province_n of_o schonen_fw-mi which_o this_o king_n at_o last_o free_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o his_o signal_n prudence_n and_o valour_n 89._o charles_n vi._n 90._o biorno_n iu._n 91._o ingellus_fw-la ii_o in_o who_o time_n helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o province_n in_o suecia_n have_v their_o distinct_a governor_n these_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o friendship_n invite_v to_o a_o banquet_n and_o when_o he_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o cause_v a_o fire_n to_o be_v set_v on_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v on_o their_o possession_n to_o revenge_v this_o cruelty_n gramus_fw-la duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o hauno_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_a raise_v force_n and_o come_v against_o he_o but_o with_o no_o good_a success_n at_o last_o for_o under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o at_o ingellus_n command_n burn_v to_o death_n 92._o olaus_n from_o his_o command_v many_o thick_a wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o surname_v tratelia_n or_o tree-feller_n he_o be_v say_v by_o some_o to_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o ansgarius_n a_o learned_a bishop_n send_v into_o sweden_n by_o lewis_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o though_o he_o himself_o perhaps_o do_v favour_v christian_a religion_n it_o get_v small_a foot_n among_o his_o subject_n for_o paganism_n be_v say_v for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n 93._o ingo_n ii_o 94._o ericus_n vi_o surname_v windy-cap_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o cap_n by_o hold_v up_o of_o which_o he_o can_v cause_v the_o wind_n to_o blow_v from_o what_o point_v he_o please_v for_o which_o and_o such_o like_a magical_a exploit_n he_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n 95._o ericus_n vii_o surname_v victorious_a 96._o ericus_n viii_o surname_v aarsel_n i.e._n rich_a in_o corn._n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v countenance_v christianity_n which_o have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o bero_n till_o his_o reign_n very_o much_o suppress_v and_o endeavour_v by_o law_n to_o establish_v it_o in_o his_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o subject_n tear_v in_o piece_n and_o martyr_v for_o his_o good_a intention_n towards_o they_o 97._o olaus_n surname_v scotkonung_n i.e._n infant-king_n because_o advance_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o young_a he_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o send_v to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n to_o furnish_v he_o with_o able_a minister_n
for_o promotion_n which_o say_v wimpheling_n be_v a_o say_n that_o become_v so_o great_a a_o emperor_n he_o reign_v nineteen_o year_n and_o ten_o month_n 875._o charles_n the_o bald_a a_o base_a mean-spirited_n man_n ludowic_n the_o first_o be_v son_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n pope_n john_n ix_o persuade_v he_o with_o fair_a word_n and_o money_n to_o come_v to_o rome_n for_o his_o coronation_n and_o there_o to_o receive_v the_o imperial_a sceptre_n from_o his_o hand_n he_o reign_v only_o two_o year_n be_v poison_v as_o be_v suppose_v by_o one_o sedechias_n a_o jewish_a physician_n 878._o ludowic_n surname_v balbus_n succeed_v his_o father_n charles_n but_o never_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n if_o it_o be_v which_o many_o question_n ever_o set_v upon_o his_o head_n when_o he_o have_v linger_v out_o a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a he_o die_v leave_v his_o throne_n to_o 879._o charles_n iii_o surname_v the_o gross_a from_o his_o bulk_n and_o fatness_n he_o may_v have_v be_v style_v a_o second_o charles_n the_o great_a if_o he_o have_v be_v as_o successful_a in_o manage_v as_o obtain_v of_o kingdom_n for_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o two_o brother_n all_o germany_n france_n and_o italy_n come_v into_o his_o hand_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o add_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n to_o the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o the_o date_v of_o any_o public_a proclamation_n grant_n etc._n etc._n at_o last_o when_o by_o several_a base_a action_n especial_o in_o conclude_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o the_o norman_n in_o which_o he_o give_v they_o that_o part_n of_o france_n which_o be_v still_o call_v normandy_n he_o have_v contract_v the_o hatred_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o noble_n and_o die_v miserable_o in_o a_o poor_a beggarly_a village_n in_o schwaben_n 888._o arnolph_n natural_a son_n of_o caroloman_n duke_n of_o carinthia_n and_o king_n of_o bavaria_n be_v elect_v into_o the_o room_n of_o charles_n thus_o depose_v and_o rule_v the_o empire_n with_o a_o strong_a arm_n for_o twelve_o year_n he_o quell_v the_o rebel_n in_o moravia_n and_o normandy_n and_o defeat_v guido_n and_o berengarius_fw-la who_o have_v make_v head_n against_o he_o in_o italy_n he_o storm_v rome_n and_o take_v it_o but_o soon_o after_o be_v poison_v there_o by_o the_o procurement_n of_o guido_n wife_n and_o die_v in_o great_a misery_n be_v eat_v up_o of_o louse_n which_o the_o poison_n breed_v in_o his_o body_n 900._o ludowic_n iu._n arnolph_n son_n be_v elect_v by_o the_o noble_n into_o his_o father_n stead_n the_o hungarian_n be_v continual_o at_o war_n with_o this_o emperor_n who_o have_v seldom_o the_o good_a fortune_n to_o come_v off_o the_o field_n a_o conqueror_n in_o these_o skirmish_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o german_a nobility_n be_v cut_v off_o which_o shorten_v his_o life_n and_o bring_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n before_o he_o have_v get_v a_o son_n to_o inherit_v his_o throne_n he_o die_v a_o unfortunate_a prince_n and_o with_o he_o the_o family_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v whole_o extinct_a during_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v another_o ludowic_n set_v up_o for_o emperor_n by_o the_o pope_n in_o italy_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o by_o berengarius_fw-la king_n of_o lombardy_n 912._o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o prince_n of_o germany_n proffer_v the_o imperial_a crown_n to_o otto_n duke_n of_o saxony_n who_o have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n and_o best_a soldier_n of_o his_o time_n but_o old_a age_n have_v render_v he_o at_o least_o in_o his_o own_o conceit_n unfit_a for_o government_n whereupon_o he_o make_v over_o the_o proffer_a empire_n to_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n who_o upon_o otto_n recommendation_n be_v immediate_o declare_v emperor_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o step_v into_o the_o throne_n but_o his_o carriage_n disoblige_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o put_v he_o hard_o to_o it_o to_o keep_v the_o reins_o in_o his_o hand_n henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n duke_n otto_n son_n engage_v he_o the_o oft_a and_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o success_n however_o conrade_n by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n notwithstanding_o the_o frequent_a quarrel_n between_o he_o and_o that_o duke_n bequeath_v his_o empire_n to_o henry_n who_o he_o have_v experience_v to_o be_v a_o prince_n that_o for_o his_o valour_n and_o conduct_n deserve_v a_o empire_n 919._o henry_n surname_v auceps_fw-la from_o the_o great_a delight_n he_o take_v in_o hawk_v be_v by_o the_o german_a prince_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o emperor_n conrad_n will_n proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o fritzlar_n soon_o after_o the_o pope_n fent_fw-la to_o proffer_v his_o service_n in_o consecrate_v and_o anoint_v he_o emperor_n but_o it_o be_v not_o accept_v for_o henry_n return_v his_o holiness_n this_o answer_n that_o it_o be_v enough_o for_o he_o that_o god_n providence_n and_o the_o voice_n of_o his_o nobility_n have_v make_v he_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o that_o fancy_v this_o title_n too_o mean_a may_v in_o god_n name_n go_v to_o rome_n for_o consecration_n and_o unction_n but_o for_o his_o own_o part_n he_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o honour_n already_o confer_v on_o he_o he_o be_v a_o valiant_a and_o prudent_a prince_n one_o that_o compose_v most_o of_o the_o animosity_n and_o quarrel_n of_o his_o own_o people_n and_o brave_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o hungarian_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o institute_v the_o sport_n of_o tilt_n and_o tournament_n and_o fortify_v the_o great_a town_n in_o germany_n order_v that_o every_o nine_o boar_n shall_v remove_v his_o family_n into_o a_o city_n and_o that_o the_o citizen_n shall_v be_v maintain_v by_o a_o contribution_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o corn_n and_o hay_n round_o about_o the_o country_n have_v overthrow_v the_o hungarian_n at_o a_o memorable_a battle_n near_o mersburg_n he_o have_v the_o title_n of_o pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominus_fw-la &_o imperator_fw-la confer_v upon_o he_o afterward_o go_v into_o italy_n he_o be_v take_v with_o a_o apoplexy_n of_o which_o to_o the_o great_a grief_n of_o the_o whole_a german_a nation_n he_o die_v after_o he_o have_v reign_v seven_o year_n and_o six_o month_n 936._o otto_n the_o emperor_n henry_n son_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o equal_v he_o in_o all_o his_o act_n of_o piety_n wisdom_n and_o prowess_n whence_o he_o be_v surname_v the_o great_a he_o compel_v harald_n king_n of_o denmark_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n supremacy_n and_o embrace_v christianity_n subdue_v the_o bohemian_o and_o force_v their_o prince_n boleslaus_n to_o turn_v christian_a depose_v pope_n john_n xii_o and_o put_v leo_n viii_o in_o his_o place_n make_v a_o decree_n that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o power_n of_o choose_v pope_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o emperor_n alone_o the_o fashion_n of_o christen_n of_o bell_n be_v first_o bring_v up_o in_o his_o reign_n 973._o otho_fw-la ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n otho_n the_o great_a he_o find_v the_o empire_n in_o peace_n and_o except_v some_o small_a skirmish_n betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o cousin_n henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o some_o malcontent_a bishop_n have_v proclaim_v emperor_n never_o meet_v with_o any_o opposition_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n he_o overthrow_v the_o turk_n in_o apulia_n and_o be_v thence_o style_v pallida_fw-la saracenorum_n mors_fw-la he_o reign_v eleven_o year_n and_o at_o his_o death_n leave_v the_o empire_n as_o he_o find_v it_o in_o perfect_a peace_n 984._o otho_fw-la iii_o surname_v the_o child_n be_v advance_v to_o his_o father_n throne_n at_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n but_o quick_o grow_v up_o to_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o wonderful_a sagacity_n and_o prudence_n some_o say_v he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o institute_v the_o manner_n of_o elect_v a_o emperor_n by_o the_o majority_n of_o the_o voice_n of_o seven_o elector_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o he_o reign_v eighteen_o year_n and_o die_v in_o italy_n be_v poison_v with_o a_o pair_n of_o glove_n present_v to_o he_o by_o the_o wife_n of_o crescentius_n a_o rebel_n who_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v hang_v the_o woman_n have_v be_v his_o concubine_n for_o some_o time_n after_o her_o husband_n death_n and_o be_v in_o hope_n of_o be_v marry_v to_o he_o and_o so_o make_v a_o empress_n but_o when_o she_o see_v he_o ready_a to_o leave_v italy_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o former_a contract_n betwixt_o they_o and_o prepare_v for_o a_o return_n to_o germany_n she_o be_v resolve_v by_o this_o expedient_a to_o satisfy_v her_o revenge_n though_o she_o can_v not_o provide_v for_o her_o
lust_n and_o ambition_n 1002._o upon_o otto_n death_n henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n be_v choose_v emperor_n by_o the_o elector_n his_o piety_n get_v he_o the_o title_n of_o holy_a and_o a_o mischance_n in_o his_o childhood_n surname_v he_o the_o lame_a willegise_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n a_o wagoner_n son_n whence_o that_o city_n get_v a_o wheel_n for_o its_o arm_n crown_v he_o he_o fight_v many_o great_a battle_n and_o from_o most_o of_o they_o come_v off_o conqueror_n the_o saracen_n be_v by_o he_o drive_v out_o of_o apulia_n and_o calabria_n and_o the_o wendish_n army_n which_o have_v overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n he_o utter_o vanquish_v he_o be_v by_o some_o historian_n style_v the_o apostle_n of_o hungary_n because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o thorough_o convert_v that_o nation_n upon_o his_o deathbed_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v twenty_o and_o three_o year_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v return_v his_o empress_n cunigunda_fw-la to_o her_o friend_n for_o a_o pure_a virgin_n in_o which_o state_n by_o mutual_a consent_n they_o both_o have_v continue_v from_o the_o first_o day_n of_o their_o marriage_n though_o we_o read_v that_o once_o he_o so_o far_o question_v his_o wife_n chastity_n and_o the_o performance_n of_o her_o vow_n as_o to_o make_v she_o purge_v herself_o by_o a_o fiery_a ordeal_o which_o she_o perform_v by_o go_v barefoot_a over_o a_o red-hot_a iron_n grate_n without_o the_o least_o shrink_v or_o sense_n of_o pain_n 1024._o conrade_n a_o prince_n descend_v from_o charles_n the_o great_a succeed_v henry_n and_o be_v crown_v emperor_n at_o aix_n la_fw-fr chappel_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n among_o historian_n we_o find_v this_o high_a character_n of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v acer_fw-la consilio_fw-la manuque_fw-la strenuus_fw-la charus_fw-la principibus_fw-la populo_fw-la acceptior_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la salutaris_fw-la i._n e._n quick_a at_o council-board_n and_o valiant_a in_o the_o field_n one_o on_o who_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n dote_v the_o people_n darling_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o empire_n one_o of_o the_o good_a law_n which_o he_o establish_v be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v death_n for_o any_o prince_n to_o offer_v to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o make_v a_o offensive_a war_n upon_o any_o particular_a province_n in_o it_o he_o die_v sudden_o in_o his_o return_n from_o a_o expedition_n against_o the_o hungarian_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o spire_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v fifteen_o year_n 1039._o henry_n surname_v the_o black_a conrad_n son_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o empire_n he_o reign_v seventeen_o year_n and_o seven_o month_n the_o first_o war_n he_o engage_v himself_o in_o be_v against_o the_o bohemian_o upon_o their_o refusal_n to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n afterward_o he_o turn_v his_o force_n against_o the_o hungarian_n and_o restore_v their_o king_n peter_n who_o have_v be_v depose_v by_o his_o own_o subject_n for_o tyranny_n in_o the_o year_n 1046_o he_o march_v into_o italy_n to_o compose_v difference_n among_o the_o three_o pope_n who_o be_v set_v up_o by_o contrary_a faction_n but_o he_o depose_v they_o all_o and_o make_v a_o four_o viz._n clement_n ii_o renew_v the_o old_a law_n wherein_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o pope_n shall_v be_v create_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o emperor_n 1056._o henry_n iv_o succeed_v his_o father_n at_o six_o year_n of_o age_n he_o be_v say_v during_o his_o reign_n which_o last_v fifty_o year_n to_o have_v fight_v sixty-two_a great_a battle_n which_o be_v more_o than_o either_o marcus_n marcellus_n julius_n caesar_n or_o any_o other_o roman_a general_n can_v ever_o brag_v of_o pope_n hildebrand_n who_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o gregory_n vii_o cast_v off_o this_o emperor_n yoke_n and_o after_o some_o skirmish_n get_v rudolph_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n proclaim_v emperor_n in_o his_o stead_n to_o who_o the_o pope_n present_v a_o imperial_a crown_n with_o this_o inscription_n petra_n dedit_fw-la petro_n petrus_n diadema_fw-la rudolpho_n but_o this_o emperor_n of_o the_o pope_n make_v be_v soon_o vanquish_v and_o slay_v however_o within_o a_o while_n the_o empire_n be_v take_v from_o he_o in_o good_a earnest_n and_o that_o by_o his_o own_o subject_n who_o depose_v he_o and_o elect_v his_o son_n into_o his_o room_n this_o emperor_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o those_o extremity_n before_o his_o death_n as_o to_o be_v force_v to_o beg_v a_o prebendary_a of_o the_o bishop_n of_o spire_n some_o say_v worm_n in_o the_o church_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v which_o be_v nevertheless_o deny_v he_o 1106._o henry_n v._o be_v admit_v into_o his_o father_n throne_n by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n and_o crown_v emperor_n at_o goslar_n at_o his_o coronation_n part_n of_o his_o sword_n be_v melt_v with_o lightning_n but_o the_o scabbard_n be_v untouched_a and_o himself_o escape_v without_o harm_n he_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n supremacy_n and_o to_o quit_v all_o pretension_n to_o the_o power_n of_o investiture_n which_o his_o ancestor_n challenge_v as_o their_o right_n he_o reign_v nineteen_o year_n dye_v without_o issue_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o spire_n 1125._o lotharius_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v elect_v to_o succeed_v henry_n v._o and_o receive_v his_o crown_n from_o the_o pope_n at_o rome_n in_o the_o year_n 1133._o the_o great_a thing_n this_o emperor_n do_v be_v the_o revive_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n after_o it_o have_v be_v banish_v thence_o for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o hundred_o year_n 1138._o conrade_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n and_o lotharius_n sister_n son_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n carry_v the_o empire_n against_o henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o for_o some_o time_n oppose_v he_o in_o his_o day_n a_o body_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n be_v first_o set_v forth_o by_o gratian_n a_o benedictine_n monk_n and_o public_o teach_v in_o the_o university_n of_o germany_n he_o reign_v fourteen_o year_n 1152._o frideric_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n surname_v barbarossa_n from_o his_o red_a beard_n be_v elect_v emperor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o conrade_n and_o be_v crown_v at_o rome_n by_o pope_n adrian_n iu._n he_o be_v a_o wise_a valiant_a and_o pious_a prince_n and_o common_o fortunate_a in_o all_o his_o undertake_n pope_n alexander_n the_o three_o excommunicate_v he_o for_o his_o obstinacy_n but_o afterward_o be_v reconcile_v when_o the_o emperor_n throw_v himself_o at_o the_o pope_n foot_n and_o suffer_v he_o to_o tread_v on_o his_o neck_n in_o the_o year_n 1187_o accompany_v with_o our_o king_n richard_n i._n and_o philip_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n he_o go_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o saracen_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n here_o he_o be_v drown_v in_o a_o river_n wherein_o he_o intend_v only_o to_o have_v bathe_v himself_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o tyre_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v thirty-eight_a year_n 1190._o henry_n frideric_n barbarossa_n son_n though_o short_a of_o his_o father_n in_o desert_n was-elected_n into_o his_o place_n he_o take_v tancred_n prisoner_n in_o sicily_n who_o think_v to_o have_v supplant_v he_o in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o have_v put_v out_o his_o eye_n send_v he_o bind_v into_o germany_n pope_n celestine_n who_o crown_v he_o emperor_n persuade_v he_o to_o engage_v himself_o in_o the_o holy-war_n but_o he_o never_o reach_v palestine_n die_v upon_o his_o journey_n thither_o when_o he_o have_v reign_v almost_o eight_o year_n 1198._o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n his_o brother_n philip_n be_v at_o first_o elect_v but_o because_o he_o refuse_v to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o pope_n as_o his_o ancestor_n have_v do_v he_o be_v short_o after_o excommunicate_v and_o otto_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n by_o the_o elector_n and_o the_o pope_n authority_n declare_v emperor_n whereupon_o the_o two_o emperor_n engage_v the_o whole_a empire_n in_o a_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n each_o assert_v a_o legal_a title_n and_o refuse_v to_o quit_v his_o pretension_n to_o the_o crown_n at_o last_o philip_n be_v treacherous_o slay_v in_o his_o bed_n after_o he_o have_v rule_v the_o empire_n at_o least_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o ten_o year_n 1208._o otto_n son_n of_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n get_v possession_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o soon_o as_o philip_n be_v take_v of_o he_o have_v not_o reign_v four_o year_n ere_o he_o meet_v with_o his_o predecessor_n fate_n have_v the_o imperial_a crown_n take_v from_o his_o head_n by_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o elector_n and_o give_v to_o frideric_n king_n of_o sicily_n otto_n get_v some_o succour_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o poland_n but_o be_v never_o able_a to_o make_v any_o considerable_a resistance_n one_o battle_n decide_v the_o controversy_n establish_v frideric_n in_o the_o imperial_a throne_n
present_a religious_a emperor_n into_o a_o compliance_n with_o whatever_o they_o buzz_v into_o his_o ear_n how_o the_o emperor_n lose_v the_o power_n of_o investiture_n etc._n etc._n we_o shall_v show_v more_o at_o large_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o all_o proclamation_n patent_n decree_n etc._n etc._n the_o title_n of_o their_o present_a emperor_n run_v as_o follow_v leopold_n i._o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n emperor_n kayser_n of_o the_o roman_n always_o augustus_n mehrer_n des_fw-fr reichs_n etc._n etc._n king_n of_o germany_n hungary_n bohemia_n dalmatia_n croatia_n slavonia_n bulgaria_n bosnia_n servia_n and_o rescia_n archduke_n of_o austria_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n brabant_n styria_n carinthia_n carniola_n luxemburg_n wittenberg_n together_o with_o the_o high_a and_o low_a silesia_n marquis_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n burgaw_n moravia_n with_o the_o high_a and_o far_o lusace_n earl_n of_o habsburg_n tyrole_n ferrete_n kiburg_n goritia_n etc._n etc._n landtgrave_n of_o alsace_n lord_n of_o windischamrck_n portnaw_n and_o salin_n for_o what_o more_o peculiar_o relate_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o archduke_n of_o austria_n we_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o description_n of_o that_o country_n where_o he_o may_v also_o expect_v a_o account_n of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o emperor_n court_n retinue_n servant_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o election_n and_o coronation_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n the_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n next_o to_o the_o emperor_n himself_o be_v the_o eight_o elector_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n trier_n colen_n who_o be_v also_o arch-chancellor_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o first_o in_o germany_n the_o second_o in_o france_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n and_o the_o three_o in_o italy_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n cupbearer_n to_o the_o emperor_n the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n great_a steward_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n grand_a marshal_n or_o constable_n the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n great_a chamberlain_n and_o lasty_a the_o prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n chief_a treasurer_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o eight_o for_o so_o many_o they_o have_v be_v since_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n though_o heretofore_o only_o seven_o have_v right_o and_o authority_n to_o elect_a the_o emperor_n and_o also_o to_o depose_v he_o when_o by_o his_o enormous_a crime_n or_o unmanly_a idleness_n he_o neglect_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o public_a good_a and_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o place_n thus_o they_o serve_v wenceslaus_n though_o advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o father_n charles_n the_o four_o who_o have_v deserve_v far_o better_a thing_n at_o their_o hand_n for_o compose_v the_o aurea_n bulla_n of_o which_o more_o hereaster_n the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n have_v several_a time_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o remind_v such_o emperor_n as_o have_v not_o suit_v with_o his_o humour_n of_o this_o grand_a power_n of_o the_o elector_n and_o to_o threaten_v they_o with_o the_o execution_n of_o it_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o alter_v their_o course_n at_o what_o time_n the_o power_n of_o choose_v the_o emperor_n be_v first_o commit_v to_o those_o prince_n who_o to_o this_o day_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o elector_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o charles_n the_o great_a transmit_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n to_o his_o posterity_n by_o way_n of_o succession_n and_o the_o same_o right_o continue_v for_o some_o age_n in_o his_o family_n until_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o this_o incomparable_a emperor_n be_v think_v unfit_a to_o govern._n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v offer_v to_o otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n give_v to_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n after_o his_o death_n henry_n duke_n otho_n son_n be_v elect_v emperor_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v succeed_v afterward_o by_o his_o son_n otho_n i._n who_o obtain_v the_o crown_n by_o the_o same_o mean_n this_o way_n of_o succession_n from_o father_n to_o son_n be_v observe_v till_o henry_n iu._n who_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o he_o be_v a_o child_n and_o manage_v it_o very_o ill_a when_o he_o be_v of_o year_n to_o have_v govern_v better_a be_v contemn_v and_o slight_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o take_v this_o opportunity_n of_o magnify_v his_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n excommunicate_v he_o and_o declare_v he_o unfit_a to_o sway_v the_o imperial_a sceptre_n order_v he_o to_o be_v depose_v which_o be_v a_o thing_n before_o that_o time_n never_o hear_v of_o in_o the_o empire_n whereupon_o the_o rebel_n prince_n think_v themselves_o absolve_v from_o their_o allegiance_n elect_v rudolph_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n into_o the_o emperor_n henry_n place_n and_o make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n shall_v be_v therein_o abolish_v and_o the_o power_n of_o choose_v emperor_n commit_v to_o the_o people_n what_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n follow_v upon_o this_o decree_n the_o german_a history_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o less_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o rabble_n of_o elector_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o late_a gain_v right_a and_o privilege_n of_o choose_v emperor_n the_o whole_a power_n be_v usurp_v by_o a_o few_o of_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o the_o imperial_a court_n from_o the_o year_n 1250_o till_o 1500_o it_o be_v the_o general_a opinion_n of_o all_o historian_n that_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o and_o pope_n gregory_n v._o reduce_v the_o number_n of_o elector_n to_o seven_o only_o in_o this_o the_o author_n of_o those_o time_n can_v agree_v whether_o the_o emperor_n or_o pope_n have_v the_o great_a authority_n in_o settle_v the_o affair_n but_o this_o opinion_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v strong_o oppose_v by_o most_o learned_a writer_n and_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o more_o than_o seven_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n of_o emperor_n until_o the_o time_n of_o frideric_n ii_o for_o otho_n frisingensis_n assure_v we_o that_o henry_n ii_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o after_o his_o death_n conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v advance_v into_o his_o place_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o same_o elector_n henry_n iii_o conrad_n son_n be_v likewise_o elect_v though_o we_o be_v not_o tell_v by_o who_o the_o abbot_n of_o vrsperg_n tell_v we_o that_o henry_n iv_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o germany_n that_o henry_n v._o be_v choose_v by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n that_o lotharius_n ii_o be_v make_v emperor_n by_o two_o archbishop_n eight_o bishop_n with_o several_a abbot_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o imperial_a court_n that_o conrade_n iii_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o throne_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n not_o be_v call_v to_o the_o election_n and_o the_o see_v of_o mentz_n be_v then_o vacant_a that_o frideric_n barbarossa_n be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o german_a prince_n that_o philip_n be_v elect_v emperor_n by_o the_o suevian_o bavarian_o and_o saxon_n that_o otho_n iv_o have_v the_o sceptre_n from_o the_o citizen_n of_o colen_n strasburg_n and_o some_o other_o imperial_a city_n this_o otho_n be_v afterward_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o frideric_n king_n of_o sicily_n elect_v into_o his_o room_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o duke_n of_o austria_n and_o bohemia_n the_o landtgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n hitherto_o we_o see_v the_o emperor_n be_v not_o choose_v by_o any_o set_a number_n of_o elector_n though_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o those_o prince_n who_o have_v now_o get_v the_o sole_a power_n into_o their_o hand_n have_v even_o in_o those_o time_n the_o great_a share_n of_o authority_n in_o all_o election_n as_o be_v the_o most_o potent_a member_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o frideric_n ii_o no_o man_n for_o many_o year_n take_v care_n of_o the_o supreme_a government_n in_o this_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n seven_o of_o the_o chief_a prince_n by_o take_v upon_o they_o as_o be_v probable_a the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o electoral_a dignity_n which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v to_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o aurea_n bulla_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o number_n of_o elector_n be_v reduce_v to_o seven_n be_v this_o because_o that_o if_o in_o any_o election_n six_o of_o the_o voice_n chance_v to_o be_v equal_o divide_v the_o seven_o elector_n may_v cast_v the_o balance_n to_o that_o side_n where_o
make_v use_v of_o at_o such_o a_o solemnity_n be_v a_o wreath_n of_o white_a scarff_n wherewith_o they_o bind_v the_o head_n of_o their_o king_n the_o elector_n of_o colen_n for_o a_o long_a time_n perform_v the_o ceremony_n of_o coronation_n but_o because_o the_o archbishop_n of_o that_o see_v have_v not_o be_v priest_n for_o many_o year_n the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n have_v execute_v the_o office_n for_o this_o last_o century_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n iii_o there_o arise_v a_o grand_a dispute_n betwixt_o the_o elector_n of_o colen_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v a_o priest_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n the_o former_a demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o the_o honour_n which_o do_v former_o belong_v to_o his_o see_n and_o the_o late_a assert_v his_o right_n from_o the_o example_n of_o his_o predecessor_n who_o have_v long_o enjoy_v it_o however_o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n be_v overthrow_v and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n perform_v the_o office_n and_o in_o so_o do_v some_o say_v only_o preserve_v a_o right_n which_o many_o age_n before_o have_v belong_v to_o his_o predecessor_n at_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n carry_v the_o crown_n the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n bear_v the_o globe_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n the_o sword_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o romans_z that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n choose_v while_o the_o emperor_n be_v live_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o none_o can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o who_o be_v conversant_a in_o the_o writing_n of_o the_o modern_a german_a historian_n thus_o charles_n iu._n wenceslaus_n maximilian_n i._o &_o ii_o rodolph_n ii_o ferdinand_n iii_o &_o iv_o be_v all_o elect_a in_o the_o life-time_n of_o their_o predecessor_n however_o many_o of_o their_o civilian_n question_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o election_n fancy_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o elector_n may_v disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o set_v up_o two_o prince_n at_o once_o who_o by_o election_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n the_o consequence_n indeed_o may_v be_v dangerous_a but_o there_o be_v no_o dispute_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o who_o doubtless_o have_v as_o great_a power_n in_o appoint_v the_o emperor_n a_o successor_n when_o they_o please_v as_o they_o have_v in_o depose_v he_o it_o be_v ordinary_a in_o some_o of_o the_o high_a dutch_a writer_n to_o mean_v the_o emperor_n when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o till_o of_o late_a year_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o but_o now_o there_o be_v many_o mark_n of_o distinction_n as_o 1._o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n bear_v for_o his_o arm_n the_o eagle_n with_o one_o head_n the_o emperor_n with_o two_o 2._o the_o former_a be_v only_o style_v augustus_n but_o the_o late_a semper_fw-la augustus_n 3._o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o letter_n patent_n direct_v to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n begin_v his_o compellation_n with_o vnsern_n liebten_o i._n e._n to_o our_o belove_a &c._n &c._n but_o the_o king_n in_o his_o answer_n compliment_v the_o emperor_n with_o the_o title_n of_o ihre_n majestaet_n i._n e._n tour_n majesty_n last_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n always_o acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n his_o superior_a and_o have_v no_o authority_n of_o his_o own_o during_o the_o emperor_n life_n when_o the_o emperor_n be_v absent_a or_o employ_v in_o other_o affair_n he_o usual_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o after_o the_o emperor_n death_n succeed_v without_o any_o further_a election_n the_o first_o occasion_n of_o elect_v a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n proceed_v from_o a_o politic_a contrivance_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o by_o this_o mean_v get_v the_o imperial_a crown_n secure_v to_o their_o own_o family_n for_o make_v use_n of_o their_o power_n and_o authority_n while_o themselves_o sit_v in_o the_o throne_n they_o can_v easy_o obtain_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o elector_n to_o choose_v a_o son_n nephew_n or_o other_o relation_n to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o at_o last_o be_v grow_v customary_a prove_v almost_o as_o considerable_a kindness_n to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n as_o if_o they_o have_v entail_v the_o empire_n upon_o that_o family_n for_o das_fw-la heilige_v romische_n reich_n or_o the_o holy_a roman_a kingdom_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n as_o the_o sacred_a empire_n and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o choose_v any_o prince_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o to_z elect_v he_o emperor_n of_o duke_n count_n and_o other_o order_n of_o nobility_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n though_o the_o ancient_a german_n have_v little_a or_o no_o magistracy_n among_o they_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n duke_n duke_n yet_o both_o julius_n cesar_n and_o tacitus_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o whenever_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n they_o have_v one_o supreme_a governor_n who_o rule_v the_o army_n and_o give_v law_n to_o the_o multitude_n this_o superintendent_n of_o their_o force_n they_o call_v heertog_n or_o heerzog_n a_o name_n which_o their_o duke_n to_o this_o day_n retain_v which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o the_o latin_a word_n dux_n or_o our_o duke_n i._n e._n a_o leader_n or_o commander_n of_o a_o army_n he_o be_v usual_o choose_v in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n by_o a_o majority_n of_o voice_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v elect_v they_o set_v he_o upon_o a_o banner_n and_o bear_v he_o upon_o their_o shoulder_n which_o ceremony_n as_o cluverius_n prove_v be_v afterward_o observe_v by_o late_a germane_a in_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n and_o by_o the_o roman_a soldier_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o their_o emperor_n julius_n cesar_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o duke_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n but_o tacitus_n who_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o germany_n assure_v we_o they_o have_v no_o such_o authority_n they_o can_v indeed_o give_v counsel_n and_o order_n to_o the_o soldier_n but_o have_v no_o power_n to_o punish_v offender_n or_o correct_v the_o obstinate_a for_o in_o all_o probability_n there_o be_v not_o any_o manner_n of_o judge_n in_o the_o land_n that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o sentence_v any_o offender_n to_o death_n when_o any_o controversy_n arise_v among_o the_o commonalty_n graven_n count_n or_o graven_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o choose_v a_o judge_n out_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o village_n where_o the_o quarrel_n begin_v these_o kind_n of_o judge_n they_o call_v grafen_n or_o graven_n and_o their_o office_n be_v to_o determine_v all_o trifle_a dispute_n in_o their_o neighbourhood_n meibomius_n in_o his_o learned_a tract_n of_o irmensul_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o germany_n be_v ancient_o divide_v into_o village_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n gouwen_v and_o that_o each_o of_o these_o have_v their_o peculiar_a judge_n thence_o name_v gowgraven_v ein_fw-mi graff_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o glossary_a upon_o the_o saxon_a spiegel_n bedeut_n nach_n altem_fw-la sachsischen_n deutschen_n ein_fw-mi richter_n i._n e._n graf_n signify_v a_o judge_n in_o the_o old_a saxon_a language_n die_v graven_n signify_v proper_o the_o grey_a head_a or_o elder_n of_o the_o people_n whence_o our_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o the_o thirtyfifth_a chapter_n of_o his_o law_n afterward_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o low_a dutch_a greve_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o the_o english_a eoldenman_n now_o alderman_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a state_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o germany_n before_o the_o roman_n overrun_v some_o part_n of_o that_o land_n but_o whatever_o come_v into_o their_o hand_n be_v immediate_o divide_v into_o province_n and_o govern_v as_o they_o themselves_o please_v whence_o deuce_n and_o comites_fw-la be_v create_v by_o they_o in_o several_a place_n but_o such_o as_o have_v another_o kind_n of_o power_n commit_v to_o they_o then_o the_o aforesaid_a hertzogen_fw-mi and_o graven_n can_v pretend_v to_o in_o roman_a historian_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a many_o of_o this_o sort_n such_o as_o dux_n germaniae_fw-la primae_fw-la dux_n moguntiacensis_fw-la dux_n sequanicae_n dux_n rhetiae_n primae_fw-la &_o secundae_fw-la dux_n belgicae_fw-la secundae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n speak_v of_o one_o carietto_n who_o he_o call_v comes_fw-la per_fw-la utramque_fw-la germaniam_fw-la these_o have_v authority_n to_o raise_v tax_n and_o be_v invest_v with_o many_o other_o privilege_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o the_o other_o want_v but_o the_o roman_n have_v never_o get_v any_o considerable_a foot_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o rhine_n can_v not_o fix_v any_o of_o their_o fashion_n of_o government_n in_o the_o northern_a
part_n of_o germany_n so_o that_o these_o still_o retain_v their_o ancient_a form_n until_o the_o frank_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o introduce_v new_a mode_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a sort_n of_o government_n everywhere_o for_o these_o conqueror_n imitate_v the_o roman_n reduce_v all_o germany_n into_o province_n over_o which_o they_o appoint_v so_o many_o duke_n who_o have_v authority_n to_o govern_v and_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o respective_a commission_n to_o these_o duke_n they_o sometime_o add_v assistant_n who_o be_v from_o their_o office_n which_o be_v to_o aid_v the_o duke_n in_o the_o management_n of_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n call_v count_n or_o comites_fw-la the_o duke_n be_v always_o elect_v by_o the_o king_n and_o nobility_n out_o of_o some_o illustrious_a family_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o decease_a duke_n son_n be_v capable_a and_o worthy_a of_o his_o father_n honour_n he_o be_v seldom_o reject_v at_o last_o the_o power_n of_o these_o duke_n grow_v exceed_o great_a and_o terrible_a insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o several_a of_o they_o to_o deny_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n which_o when_o charles_n the_o great_a observe_v he_o destroy_v the_o two_o great_a dukedom_n of_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n aquitane_n and_o bavaria_n by_o divide_v they_o into_o several_a small_a county_n but_o not_o long_o after_o charles_n death_n the_o emperor_n create_v new_a duke_n in_o most_o place_n where_o he_o have_v change_v they_o into_o count_n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o the_o former_a strait_n every_o duke_n pretend_v to_o and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n in_o his_o own_o province_n the_o first_o of_o these_o that_o grow_v formidable_o potent_a be_v otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o elect_a emperor_n who_o though_o he_o refuse_v the_o imperial_a diadem_n and_o get_v it_o confer_v on_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n in_o his_o time_n after_o otho_n death_n the_o emperor_n conrade_n use_v all_o mean_n possible_a to_o reduce_v the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n to_o some_o tolerable_a mediocrity_n but_o his_o endeavour_n prove_v unsuccessful_a and_o duke_n henry_n stout_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n which_o his_o father_n otho_n have_v enjoy_v without_o disturbance_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o emperor_n lay_v under_o a_o obligation_n of_o create_v new_a duke_n who_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n the_o government_n of_o several_a potent_a city_n set_v up_o for_o almost_o absolute_a prince_n our_o learned_a antiquary_n mr._n selden_n reckon_v up_o six_o several_a sort_n of_o grave_n or_o count_n which_o be_v these_o 1._o schlechtgraven_a or_o simple_a count_n 2._o count_n palatine_a which_o as_o will_v be_v show_v anon_o be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a other_o branch_n 3._o count_n of_o the_o empire_n 4._o marck-grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o frontier_n 5._o landtgrave_n or_o count_n of_o province_n 6._o burggrave_n or_o count_n of_o city_n and_o great_a to_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o seven_o sort_n here-graven_a who_o answer_v exact_o to_o the_o primitive_a duke_n or_o hertzogen_a for_o as_o the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v to_o conduct_v and_o govern_v the_o soldier_n so_o the_o other_o be_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n as_o field-judge_n the_o gefurstete_n graven_n do_v not_o make_v a_o distinct_a species_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o such_o count_n as_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a title_n may_v challenge_v that_o of_o first_fw-ge or_o prince_n in_o the_o old_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n we_o meet_v with_o almost_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o inferior_a officer_n who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o graven_n bestow_v on_o they_o such_o be_v 1._o centgrave_a he_o that_o have_v the_o government_n of_o a_o hundred_o we_o may_v english_a the_o word_n high-constable_n 2._o holtz-grave_a or_o wald-grave_a overseer_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o forest_n 3._o gograf_n of_o which_o before_o 4._o spiel-grave_a the_o master_n of_o the_o revel_n 5._o hans-grave_a a_o title_n former_o give_v to_o the_o chief_a judge_n in_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o trade_n debate_v in_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n but_o we_o shall_v not_o weary_v the_o reader_n with_o insist_v upon_o these_o obsolete_a title_n of_o honour_n content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o six_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v all_o our_o famous_a antiquary_n beforemention_v have_v think_v worthy_a his_o take_a notice_n of_o the_o first_o be_v such_o as_o be_v style_v bare_o count_n schlechtgraven_v schlechtgraven_v without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o more_o than_o the_o place_n which_o give_v they_o that_o title_n as_o der_n graf_n von_fw-mi eissenburg_n der_n graf_n von_fw-mi ortenberg_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v former_o only_a four_o of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n who_o be_v ordinary_o call_v die_n vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n i._n e._n the_o four_o grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n these_o be_v the_o count_n of_o cleve_n schwartzenburg_n ciley_n and_o savoy_n but_o since_o the_o count_n of_o cleve_n and_o savoy_n be_v advance_v to_o duke_n and_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o ciley_n be_v extinct_a which_o happen_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n in_o thuringen_n be_v the_o only_a prince_n that_o bear_v that_o title_n still_v himself_o usual_o to_o this_o day_n der_fw-mi vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n reichs_n grave_a zu_fw-ge schwartzenburg_n i._n e._n of_o the_o four_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n beside_o he_o there_o be_v nowadays_o several_a other_o german_a count_n who_o may_v just_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o head_n though_o they_o have_v no_o investiture_n into_o any_o graffschaft_n or_o county_n but_o be_v only_o style_v count_n of_o some_o small_a castle_n or_o inconsiderable_a territory_n of_o which_o they_o be_v lord_n such_o be_v the_o count_n of_o ottingen_n and_o zollern_n who_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o posterity_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o thence_o retain_v the_o title_n though_o not_o the_o grandeur_n and_o power_n of_o their_o ancestor_n count_n palatine_n call_v by_o the_o german_n pfaltzgraven_a palatine_a count_n palatine_a or_o dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n hoffe-graven_a be_v such_o as_o have_v in_o their_o title_n a_o certain_a eminence_n of_o their_o dignity_n from_o a_o relation_n as_o their_o name_n denote_v to_o the_o emperor_n court_n or_o palace_n for_o palatinus_n be_v but_o the_o possessive_a of_o palatium_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o household_n with_o we_o in_o england_n but_o this_o title_n be_v twofold_a 1._o original_o feudal_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o name_n of_o some_o territory_n or_o grafschaft_n with_o such_o jura_fw-la imperii_fw-la &_o majestatis_fw-la as_o other_o ordinary_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v not_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n 2._o mere_o personal_a without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o particular_a territory_n proper_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o dignity_n both_o the_o title_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o late_a kind_n be_v original_o to_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n but_o the_o former_a though_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o the_o name_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la yet_o be_v in_o ordinary_a use_n as_o to_o the_o name_n and_o title_n only_o in_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o francic_a king_n long_o before_o their_o kingdom_n be_v change_v into_o a_o empire_n a_o chief_a officer_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o comes_fw-la palatii_fw-la or_o count_n palatine_n who_o have_v a_o viceregency_n under_o the_o king_n in_o like_a sort_n as_o the_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la in_o the_o elder_a empire_n or_o the_o old_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n under_o our_o ancient_a king_n that_o be_v he_o have_v the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n in_o all_o cause_n that_o come_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_a audience_n i_o suppose_v the_o office_n of_o hofmeister_n use_v to_o this_o day_n in_o every_o german_a prince_n court_n be_v a_o relic_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o that_o come_v palatii_fw-la might_n easy_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la or_o hofmeister_n will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o any_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o shall_v consider_v the_o signification_n which_o the_o word_n come_v have_v among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o the_o usual_a compellation_n of_o
tell_v we_o of_o they_o contain_v as_o many_o incredible_a thing_n as_o the_o most_o romantic_a popish_a legend_n however_o the_o saxon_a commonalty_n have_v still_o their_o memory_n and_o name_n in_o great_a veneration_n and_o will_v as_o soon_o part_v with_o christmas-day_n as_o st._n ansgar_n which_o be_v the_o eight_o of_o february_n out_o of_o their_o almanac_n st._n wilhad_n day_n be_v keep_v on_o the_o eight_o of_o november_n and_o st._n rembert_n on_o the_o four_o of_o february_n 6._o rembert_n be_v succeed_v by_o one_o adelgar_a a_o monk_n of_o corbey_n of_o who_o nothing_o be_v record_v worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o 7._o hoyer_n who_o be_v elect_v into_o the_o archbishops_n see_v in_o the_o year_n 909_o and_o die_v the_o year_n follow_v the_o bremen_n chronicle_n report_v that_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o his_o death_n his_o grave_n be_v open_v where_o nothing_o be_v find_v but_o a_o pillow_n which_o have_v be_v lay_v under_o his_o head_n and_o a_o cross_n both_o fresh_a and_o uncorrupted_a whereupon_o the_o monk_n of_o bremen_n conclude_v that_o his_o body_n be_v immediate_o after_o his_o death_n snatch_v up_o into_o heaven_n 8._o reginward_a 9_o vnni_n who_o go_v to_o convert_v the_o infidel_n in_o sweden_n die_v at_o birca_n in_o gothland_n 10._o adaldag_n 11._o libentius_fw-la a_o italian_a 12._o vnwan_n call_v by_o some_o wimar_n 13._o libentius_fw-la ii_o 14._o hermannus_n 15._o bezeline_n 16._o albert_n son_n of_o one_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n 17._o liemar_n or_o leimar_n a_o bavarian_a nobleman_n the_o fourteen_o and_o last_o archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n for_o when_o at_o the_o request_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o pope_n have_v erect_v a_o archbishop_n see_v at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi the_o bishop_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n be_v subject_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o only_o lubec_n schwerin_n lebus_n and_o ratzenburg_n remain_v suffragans_fw-la to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n who_o thereupon_o for_o ever_o quit_v the_o title_n of_o archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n 18._o humbert_n the_o first_o that_o ever_o style_v himself_o bare_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n 19_o frideric_n 20._o adalbar_fw-la 21._o hartwic_n 22._o baldwin_n who_o successor_n some_o have_v make_v one_o barthold_n but_o without_o any_o good_a authority_n 23._o sifrid_n son_n to_o albrecht_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 24._o hartwic_n ii_o 25._o woldemar_n duke_n and_o bishop_n of_o sleswic_n 26._o gerhard_n former_o bishop_n of_o osnabrug_n 27._o gerhard_n ii_o earl_n of_o lip_n 28._o hildebold_n or_o hildebrand_n earl_n of_o broch-hausen_a 29._o giselbert_n 30._o henry_n i._n 31._o florentius_n de_fw-mi brunchor_v against_o who_o appear_v bernherd_v earl_n of_o wolpe_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v archbishop_n instead_o of_o florentius_n â—at_a lose_v the_o day_n 32._o john_n bishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o provost_n of_o roschild_n in_o denmark_n 33._o burchard_n 34._o otto_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n and_o delmenhorst_n 35._o gotfrid_n earl_n of_o arnsberg_n he_o have_v great_a quarrel_n with_o maurice_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n for_o the_o see_v which_o when_o he_o can_v not_o peaceable_o enjoy_v he_o resign_v to_o 36._o albrecht_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n choose_v archbishop_n in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o year_n 1359._o 37._o otto_n ii_o 38._o john_n ii_o 39_o nicolas_n earl_n of_o delmenhorst_n 40._o baldwin_n 41._o gerhard_n iii_o earl_n of_o hoga_n 42._o henry_n iii_o earl_n of_o schwartzburg_n 43._o john_n iii_o 44._o christopher_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n 45._o henry_n iu._n duke_n of_o saxony_n engeren_n westphalia_n etc._n etc._n 46._o john_n adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n etc._n etc._n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n be_v regent_n duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o thereupon_o quit_v the_o see_v of_o bremen_n in_o the_o year_n 1596_o leave_v the_o place_n to_o his_o brother_n 47._o john_n frideric_n who_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n bishop_n of_o lubec_n and_o have_v enjoy_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty-eight_a year_n die_v in_o the_o monastery_n near_o buxtehude_n in_o the_o year_n 1634_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o sleswic_n 48._o the_o last_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n be_v frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n son_n to_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o father_n to_o the_o present_a danish_a king_n christian_n v._n but_o before_o this_o frideric_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n he_o have_v nothing_o leave_v but_o the_o bare_a title_n of_o a_o archbishop_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1644_o the_o prevail_a force_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n overrun_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o vehrden_n as_o they_o have_v before_o many_o other_o province_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afterward_o in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o ut_fw-la satis_fw-la fieret_fw-la serenissimae_fw-la reginae_fw-la sueciae_fw-la pro_fw-la locorum_fw-la hoc_fw-la bello_fw-la captorum_fw-la restitutione_n pacique_fw-la publicae_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la restanrandae_fw-la condignè_fw-la prospiceretur_fw-la as_o it_o be_v word_v in_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o that_o treaty_n among_o other_o place_n there_o mention_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o vehrden_n shall_v be_v for_o ever_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o annex_v to_o their_o own_o territory_n and_o dominion_n sub_fw-la solitis_fw-la quidem_fw-la insigniis_fw-la sed_fw-la titulo_fw-la ducatus_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o archbishopric_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o dukedom_n which_o title_n it_o still_o retain_v whence_o the_o city_n of_o bremen_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v so_o call_v bremen_n city_n of_o bremen_n there_o be_v several_a different_a opinion_n among_o the_o german_n writer_n some_o of_o which_o for_o the_o reader_n be_v diversion_n i_o shall_v hear_v repeat_v leave_v it_o to_o himself_o to_o embrace_v any_o one_o or_o reject_v all_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n one_o tell_v we_o there_o be_v former_o a_o ferry_n across_o the_o weser_n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o great_a bridge_n at_o bremen_n now_o stand_v and_o therefore_o will_v have_v the_o city_n so_o call_v from_o the_o flat_a bottom_v boat_n in_o the_o tongue_n of_o the_o neder-saxons_a name_v praman_n wherewith_o they_o use_v to_o ferry_v over_o passenger_n another_o fancy_v bremen_n may_v be_v fetch_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o broom_n in_o their_o tongue_n brame_n which_o grow_v in_o this_o country_n m._n martinius_n a_o man_n of_o no_o contemptible_a part_n and_o learning_n guess_v that_o because_o the_o land_n of_o bremen_n be_v the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n towards_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o the_o city_n be_v call_v ein_fw-ge brame_n which_o word_n signify_v proper_o the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n of_o a_o garment_n to_o omit_v the_o impertinence_n of_o other_o etymologist_n all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o ptolomy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whence_o ever_o that_o word_n have_v its_o original_n be_v the_o same_o with_o bremen_n cluverius_n allow_v of_o this_o opinion_n add_v further_a nec_fw-la nomen_fw-la omnino_fw-la abhorret_fw-la nam_fw-la dempta_fw-la priore_fw-la syllaba_fw-la reliquum_fw-la biranum_fw-la satis_fw-la aperta_fw-la vestigia_fw-la gerit_fw-la vocabuli_fw-la bremen_n et_fw-la quid_fw-la scio_fw-la anon_o apud_fw-la ptolomaeum_n m_n corruptum_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o n_n integrumque_fw-la vocabulum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la fabiramum_fw-la among_o the_o old_a rubbish_n of_o ancient_a german_a writer_n antiquity_n antiquity_n and_o the_o small_a fragment_n of_o antiquity_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o that_o country_n it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a task_n to_o find_v out_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a one_o great_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o s._n stephani_n statt_n be_v of_o a_o late_a foundation_n than_o the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o town_n and_o another_o grand_a accession_n call_v die_v new_a statt_fw-mi or_o the_o new_a city_n have_v be_v add_v within_o these_o hundred_o year_n what_o time_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v we_o have_v no_o other_o account_n then_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o city_n of_o saxony_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n bremen_n among_o the_o rest_n be_v first_o wall_v round_o by_o the_o order_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n surname_v auceps_fw-la or_o the_o fowler_n about_o the_o year_n 1000_o for_o this_o prince_n have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o his_o naked_a town_n be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v the_o fury_n and_o outrage_n of_o the_o vandal_n who_o in_o those_o day_n miserable_o infest_a the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n all_o the_o modern_a historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o suburb_n of_o st._n nicolas_n which_o at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o
that_o great_a conqueror_n from_o his_o loin_n after_o several_a generation_n descend_v billiengus_n a_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n who_o mother_n say_v some_o be_v charles_n the_o great_a be_v sister_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o after_o his_o own_o conversion_n bring_v in_o the_o profession_n of_o christianity_n into_o mecklenburg_n though_o afterward_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o his_o son_n micislaus_n both_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o subject_n turn_v apostate_n the_o next_o famous_a prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v gottschalck_n surname_v the_o godly_a who_o will_v often_o himself_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o preach_v christianity_n to_o his_o subject_n by_o who_o he_o be_v at_o last_o for_o his_o religion_n murder_v in_o the_o year_n 1066._o from_o he_o descend_v among_o many_o other_o henry_n ii_o who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1228_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n nicolot_n and_o john_n from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o spring_v all_o the_o succeed_a prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n until_o william_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o that_o line_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1430._o from_o the_o late_a surname_v knese_n janko_n or_o john_n the_o divine_a because_o he_o have_v take_v a_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n be_v degree_n in_o the_o university_n at_o paris_n be_v descend_v the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n this_o john_n leave_v behind_o he_o henry_n who_o be_v six_o and_o twenty_o year_n keep_v prisoner_n by_o the_o turk_n father_n to_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n who_o two_o son_n albert_n and_o john_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o create_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o year_n 1349._o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v though_o i_o find_v this_o construction_n put_v upon_o it_o by_o several_a of_o the_o modern_a german_a historian_n as_o if_o these_o two_o prince_n before_o charles_n creation_n have_v be_v only_o ordinary_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o by_o the_o emperor_n advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o prince_n or_o duke_n for_o from_o he_o they_o receive_v no_o more_o than_o a_o admission_n into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n under_o who_o protection_n they_o be_v brougth_n by_o make_v themselves_o member_n thereof_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o its_o law_n and_o contribute_v to_o its_o necessity_n albert_n elder_a son_n albert_n ii_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o sweden_n and_o not_o long_o after_o take_v prisoner_n by_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n by_o who_o after_o several_a year_n imprisonment_n he_o be_v at_o last_o release_v upon_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o vast_a ransom_n so_o that_o the_o management_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o brother_n magnus_n a_o prince_n that_o if_o we_o believe_v chytraeus_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n have_v give_v he_o a_o noble_a character_n be_v nomine_fw-la &_o re_fw-la magnus_fw-la endow_v with_o all_o the_o excellent_a quality_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v a_o brave_a prince_n his_o son_n john_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o dukedom_n found_v the_o university_n at_o rostock_n in_o the_o year_n 1419._o this_o duke_n successor_n henry_n the_o fat_a and_o magnus_n ii_o founder_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o rostock_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o william_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o magnus_n and_o his_o son_n albert_n ii_o the_o dukedom_n come_v to_o his_o grandchild_n john_n albert_n in_o the_o year_n 1547_o who_o first_o bring_v in_o the_o lutheran_n confession_n into_o his_o dominion_n by_o demolish_n popish_a abbey_n and_o convert_v their_o revenue_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o university_n at_o rostock_n his_o son_n john_n iii_o who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1592._o leave_v two_o son_n the_o elder_a be_v adolph_n frideric_n who_o marry_v ann-mary_n countess_n of_o east_n friesland_n by_o who_o among_o other_o child_n he_o have_v christian-ludowic_a the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg-swerin_a his_o young_a son_n be_v gustavus_n adolphus_n who_o seat_v himself_o at_o gustrow_n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n in_o germany_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v overrun_v by_o the_o imperial_a army_n and_o the_o dukedom_n confer_v upon_o their_o ambitious_a and_o at_o last_o unfortunate_a general_n albrecht_n duke_n of_o friedland_n however_o within_o a_o little_a while_n after_o the_o two_o duke_n adolph_n frideric_n and_o john_n albrecht_n be_v reinstate_v in_o their_o dominion_n by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n their_o kinsman_n for_o a_o character_n of_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n the_o reader_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o swerin_n and_o gustrow_n the_o place_n of_o their_o residence_n the_o strength_n of_o these_o prince_n will_v be_v considerable_a enough_o strength_n militâ—â—â—_n strength_n sufficient_a to_o secure_v their_o own_o territory_n and_o keep_v their_o neighbour_n in_o awe_n if_o firm_o unite_v their_o equal_a pretension_n to_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o city_n and_o university_n at_o rostock_n do_v former_o occasion_v some_o animosity_n between_o the_o two_o house_n but_o this_o quarrel_n have_v for_o some_o year_n last_o pass_v be_v quite_o lay_v aside_o and_o now_o a_o difference_n in_o religion_n the_o duke_n of_o swerin_n be_v a_o romanist_n and_o he_o of_o gustrow_n a_o lutheran_n be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o their_o mutual_a fear_n and_o jealousy_n heretofore_o they_o think_v it_o their_o chief_a interest_n to_o adhere_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o secure_v themselves_o under_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o potent_a king_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o when_o after_o the_o many_o conquest_n of_o the_o brave_a gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o power_n of_o those_o prince_n grow_v so_o formidable_a as_o to_o threaten_v a_o universal_a slavery_n to_o their_o neighbour_n round_o about_o they_o rather_o than_o the_o defence_n of_o any_o of_o their_o liberty_n the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o relinquish_v that_o party_n and_o join_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o branburger_n in_o oppose_v their_o common_a enemy_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n they_o see_v wismar_n rend_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n without_o any_o probability_n of_o be_v ever_o recover_v and_o they_o have_v reason_n to_o fear_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjoin_a country_n will_v follow_v it_o if_o their_o ruin_n be_v not_o timely_o prevent_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o new_a ally_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n so_o much_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o two_o duke_n which_o bear_v that_o title_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o these_o six_o part_n territry_n territry_n the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o vandalia_n the_o earldom_n of_o swerin_n the_o barony_n of_o rostock_n and_o stargard_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o butzow_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v reckon_v the_o city_n of_o wismar_n to_o which_o be_v the_o neighbour_a island_n poel_n tempsin_n gades_n rhena_n and_o bucow_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o vandalia_n gustrow_n sterneberg_n malchin_n stavenhagen_n ivenack_n neu-calven_n warin_n pentzlin_n rebel_n wredenhagen_n malchau_n tetrou_n goltberg_n parchum_n plague_n lupsian_a grabou_n domitz_n neu-statt_a eldenau_n and_o gorlosen_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o rostock_n the_o city_n of_o rostock_n ribnitz_n gnoien_n tessin_n laga_n schwan_n salines_n and_o morlou_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o stargard_n brandeburg_n stargard_n furstenburg_n strelitz_n mirow_n fredland_n and_o wesenberg_n and_o last_o in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o butzow_n the_o city_n of_o butzow_n and_o the_o peninsula_n of_o swerin_n the_o most_o considerable_a city_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n i._o lubec_n lubec_n lubec_n this_o city_n be_v indeed_o situate_a in_o wagerland_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n some_o short_a account_n of_o it_o in_o the_o description_n of_o denmark_n but_o because_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o a_o imperial_a city_n whole_o independent_a upon_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n we_o have_v reserve_v a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o it_o for_o this_o place_n and_o it_o can_v so_o proper_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o particular_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o although_o the_o citizen_n of_o lubec_n do_v not_o pay_v any_o manner_n of_o tribute_n or_o homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n yet_o it_o may_v perhaps_o as_o just_o be_v reckon_v part_n of_o that_o dukedom_n as_o bremen_n which_o never_o yet_o acknowledge_v any_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n may_v be_v esteem_v part_n of_o that_o principality_n which_o now_o bear_v
and_o albert_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n two_o cousin_n germane_a in_o the_o year_n 1419._o the_o corporation_n of_o the_o city_n bear_v it_o seem_v half_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o foundation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v then_o order_v by_o a_o decree_n still_o in_o force_n that_o half_a of_o the_o professor_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o the_o other_o half_a by_o the_o burgomaster_n and_o radtshern_a of_o the_o town_n the_o rector_n magnificus_fw-la as_o they_o be_v please_v to_o entitle_v the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o their_o university_n be_v choose_v every_o half_a year_n as_o in_o most_o other_o german_a university_n by_o turn_n out_o of_o the_o two_o company_n of_o professor_n he_o have_v power_n to_o call_v convocation_n and_o appoint_v time_n for_o meeting_n of_o the_o other_o professor_n on_o all_o extraordinary_a occasion_n as_o collect_v or_o disburse_v any_o part_n of_o their_o common-treasure_n or_o the_o like_a in_o matter_n of_o great_a weight_n and_o moment_n then_o be_v usual_o debate_v he_o have_v a_o assistant_n who_o they_o call_v promotor_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o senior_n of_o the_o eighteen_o professor_n the_o university_n be_v at_o first_o stock_v with_o professor_n from_o leipsic_n and_o erfurt_n who_o all_o of_o they_o receive_v their_o licence_n to_o teach_v and_o read_v in_o public_a together_o with_o a_o charter_n of_o privilege_n and_o body_n of_o statute_n from_o pope_n martin_n v._o the_o bishop_n of_o swerin_n be_v their_o perpetual_a chancellor_n who_o common_o depute_v one_o of_o the_o senior_a professor_n his_o vicechancellor_n at_o any_o public_a promotion_n or_o take_v of_o degree_n when_o he_o himself_o be_v not_o at_o leisure_n to_o give_v a_o personal_a attendance_n among_o many_o other_o learned_a man_n that_o have_v be_v breed_v in_o this_o university_n albert_n crantzius_n john_n posselius_n and_o nathan_n chytraeus_n three_o famous_a historian_n have_v get_v themselves_o and_o the_o place_n of_o their_o education_n great_a credit_n by_o their_o elaborate_a writing_n the_o citizen_n be_v subject_a to_o a_o kind_n of_o mix_a government_n make_v up_o of_o aristocracy_n and_o democracy_n the_o democratical_a part_n consist_v of_o twenty_o four_o alderman_n choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n scholar_n and_o rich_a merchant_n of_o the_o town_n whereof_o four_o be_v burgomaster_n two_o chamberlain_n two_o steward_n for_o the_o river_n and_o two_o judge_n the_o chamberlain_n collect_v and_o distribute_v all_o manner_n of_o assessment_n for_o the_o reparation_n of_o public_a building_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n the_o two_o steward_n be_v overseer_n of_o the_o haven_n at_o warnemund_n and_o look_v to_o the_o cleanse_n of_o the_o channel_n from_o that_o port_n up_o to_o the_o city_n the_o judge_n determine_v and_o pass_v sentence_n in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o criminal_a these_o twenty_o four_o magistrate_n of_o the_o upper_a house_n decide_v all_o ordinary_a controversy_n and_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o coin_v money_n choose_v officer_n etc._n etc._n but_o beside_o they_o there_o be_v in_o the_o town_n a_o hundred_o more_o common-councilmen_a elect_v out_o of_o the_o inferior_a tradesman_n of_o the_o town_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v and_o give_v their_o opinion_n upon_o debate_n of_o any_o matter_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a concernment_n to_o the_o common_a welfare_n though_o the_o river_n warna_n be_v navigable_a up_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rostock_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o deep_a enough_o to_o carry_v ship_n of_o the_o large_a bulk_n but_o such_o vessel_n be_v force_v to_o take_v harbour_n at_o warnemund_n so_o call_v because_o situate_a on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n a_o small_a town_n about_o seven_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o rostock_n since_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o swede_n build_v a_o fort_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o river_n by_o the_o strength_n of_o which_o and_o a_o good_a garrison_n always_o keep_v in_o it_o they_o exact_v a_o toll_n or_o custom_n of_o all_o merchantman_n that_o pass_v this_o way_n from_o or_o towards_o rostock_n to_o the_o great_a decay_n of_o trade_n in_o this_o city_n and_o impoverish_v of_o its_o inhabitant_n this_o castle_n be_v in_o the_o late_a war_n between_o the_o northern_a crown_n demolish_v and_o thereby_o a_o stop_v put_v to_o the_o swedish_n encroachment_n whereupon_o the_o minister_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n in_o the_o last_o general_a treaty_n at_o nimeguen_n be_v very_o diligent_a in_o solicit_v the_o mediator_n for_o a_o redress_n of_o this_o grievance_n which_o they_o represent_v as_o a_o violation_n of_o a_o express_a article_n in_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n with_o memorial_n and_o petition_n to_o this_o purpose_n our_o english_a mediator_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o gustrow_n minister_n and_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o swerin_n be_v continual_o weary_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o year_n 1678_o and_o begin_v of_o 1679._o their_o importunity_n prevail_v so_o far_o at_o last_o as_o to_o have_v the_o follow_a clause_n insert_v into_o the_o first_o proposal_n of_o a_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o sweden_n omni_fw-la casu_fw-la salva_fw-la sint_fw-la dominis_n ducibus_fw-la mecklenburgicis_fw-la sine_fw-la turbatione_fw-la competentia_fw-la jura_fw-la &_o sublatum_fw-la maneat_fw-la vectigal_a seu_fw-la telonium_fw-la warnemundense_a cum_fw-la omnimoda_fw-la aliarum_fw-la quae_fw-la ibi_fw-la motae_fw-la sunt_fw-la pretensionum_fw-la abolitione_n &_o portus_fw-la warnmundensis_fw-la relinquatur_fw-la in_o pristina_fw-la &_o qua_fw-la nunc_fw-la gaudet_fw-la commerciorum_fw-la libertate_fw-la but_o the_o swedish_n plenipotentary_n in_o all_o their_o conference_n with_o the_o imperial_a ambassador_n upon_o this_o subject_a constant_o deny_v that_o they_o have_v instruction_n to_o meddle_v with_o it_o and_o the_o imperialist_n be_v willing_a to_o omit_v the_o insertion_n of_o this_o point_n rather_o than_o delay_v the_o sign_v of_o the_o other_o article_n till_o new_a instruction_n can_v be_v procure_v from_o the_o swedish_n court_n so_o that_o all_o the_o satisfaction_n the_o prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n have_v be_v a_o compliment_n from_o the_o emperor_n be_v plempotentiaries_n show_v the_o great_a care_n their_o master_n will_v be_v always_o ready_a to_o take_v in_o assert_v their_o right_n and_o privilege_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o any_o other_o member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n against_o the_o encroachment_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n whatever_o and_o a_o certificate_n under_o their_o hand_n that_o their_o minister_n have_v use_v all_o imaginable_a diligence_n in_o the_o discharge_n of_o their_o duty_n neque_fw-la defuerunt_fw-la say_v they_o durante_fw-la hoc_fw-la congressu_fw-la officio_fw-la svo_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la dominorum_fw-la ducum_fw-la i._n e._n mecklenburgicorum_n ablegati_fw-la dominus_fw-la antonius_n bessel_n &_o dominus_fw-la joannes_n reuter_n sed_fw-la omnes_fw-la part_n impleverunt_fw-la quae_fw-la a_o ministrorum_fw-la fide_fw-la dexteritate_fw-la &_o vigilantia_fw-la expectari_fw-la possunt_fw-la in_o quorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidem_fw-la legatio_fw-la caesarea_n praesentes_fw-la hasce_fw-la a_o se_fw-la subscriptas_fw-la sigillis_fw-la suis_fw-la munivit_fw-la dabantur_fw-la neomagi_n dvodecima_fw-la februarii_fw-la anno_fw-la 1679._o iv_o swerin_n swerin_n swerin_n situate_v at_o about_o fifty_o english_a mile_n distance_n from_o rostock_n upon_o a_o great_a lake_n which_o from_o the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v usual_o by_o the_o neighbourhood_n call_v der_n swerinsche_n see_n it_o be_v build_v and_o fortfy_v by_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n who_o soon_o after_o its_o first_o foundation_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o year_n 1163._o bestow_v this_o city_n with_o all_o the_o territory_n and_o lordship_n thereunto_o belong_v upon_o guntzel_n or_o gunceline_n one_o of_o the_o general_n in_o his_o army_n who_o he_o make_v earl_n of_o swerin_n his_o son_n henry_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o earldom_n be_v a_o great_a favourite_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iv_o and_o well_o deserve_v all_o the_o honour_n his_o master_n can_v confer_v on_o he_o he_o take_v woldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n prisoner_n in_o his_o own_o kingdom_n bring_v he_o bind_v into_o saxony_n in_o triumph_n and_o keep_v he_o in_o close_a custody_n in_o the_o castle_n at_o danneberg_n till_o his_o subject_n have_v almost_o reduce_v themselves_o to_o beggary_n by_o pay_v ransom_n the_o last_o earl_n of_o this_o family_n be_v otho_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1355._o his_o only_a daughter_n and_o child_n richardis_n be_v marry_v to_o albrecht_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o earldom_n of_o swerin_n after_o otho_n death_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n the_o bishopric_n of_o swerin_n be_v remove_v from_o mecklenburg_n to_o this_o city_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v one_o johannes_n scotus_n who_o in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o prelacy_n a._n
wartislaus_n the_o former_a seat_v himself_o in_o pomerellia_n and_o retain_v the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o his_o countryman_n the_o slavonian_n the_o late_a be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o low_a pomeren_n border_v upon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o short_o after_o conform_v himself_o to_o the_o law_n and_o language_n of_o the_o saxon_n his_o neighbour_n whereupon_o this_o part_n of_o his_o father_n territory_n begin_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o casimir_n wartislaus_n son_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n this_o dukedom_n be_v afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1217_o part_v betwixt_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o otho_fw-la two_o brother_n from_o who_o spring_v the_o two_o house_n of_o wolgast_n and_o stetin_n which_o continue_v near_o two_o hundred_o year_n but_o the_o house_n of_o stetin_n fail_v a.d._n 1464_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o otho_n the_o three_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v confer_v upon_o frideric_n the_o second_o marquis_n and_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren-wolgast_a look_v upon_o as_o a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o injustice_n to_o their_o family_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o oppose_v with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n the_o elector_n pretension_n at_o last_o the_o quarrel_n be_v compose_v between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o pomeren_n and_o brandenburg_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o both_o of_o they_o shall_v retain_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o possession_n and_o revenue_n of_o all_o territory_n comprise_v under_o that_o name_n shall_v be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o wolgast_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o fail_n of_o their_o issue_n male_a it_o shall_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n according_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la the_o fourteen_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n george-william_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o estate_n but_o the_o swede_n have_v under_o pretence_n of_o assist_a duke_n bugislaus_fw-la against_o the_o imperialist_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n in_o the_o country_n can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o part_v with_o a_o maritime_a province_n which_o lie_v so_o convenient_a for_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o conqueror_n use_v to_o prescribe_v law_n with_o far_o less_o regard_n to_o justice_n then_o their_o own_o interest_n they_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o any_o peace_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n before_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o wollin_n and_o the_o town_n of_o stetin_n shall_v from_o thenceforward_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n only_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o no_o long_o than_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o that_o family_n last_v upon_o the_o failure_n whereof_o it_o also_o be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n dominion_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n both_o prince_n be_v to_o enjoy_v the_o title_n and_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o because_o for_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o compliance_n to_o the_o peremptory_a demand_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n minister_n the_o elector_n have_v in_o this_o agreement_n quit_v the_o title_n to_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n it_o be_v further_o conclude_v that_o his_o loss_n shall_v be_v recompense_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n convert_v into_o temporal_a principality_n to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v the_o reversion_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o then_o incumbent_a administrator_n augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v to_o descend_v upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n now_o although_o the_o elector_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v gain_v by_o this_o bargain_n since_o the_o low_a pomeren_n which_o he_o have_v quit_v to_o the_o swede_n will_v not_o doubtless_o yield_v so_o good_a a_o revenue_n as_o the_o principality_n of_o magdeburg_n halberstadt_n and_o minden_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o have_v rather_o have_v the_o entire_a dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n restore_v than_o three_o more_o such_o inland_n province_n bestow_v on_o he_o since_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o will_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v himself_o considerable_a at_o sea_n and_o be_v free_v from_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o have_v a_o potent_a neighbour_n who_o keep_v he_o in_o perpetual_a jealousy_n upon_o these_o consideration_n the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o further_a reparation_n of_o his_o damage_n by_o allow_v he_o voice_n in_o their_o assembly_n as_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o magdeburg_n and_o as_o prince_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n and_o because_o former_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bremen_n take_v their_o turn_n in_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n they_o have_v agree_v that_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v alternate_a with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o enjoy_v the_o ancient_a archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n under_o the_o same_o title_n as_o the_o say_a duke_n do_v that_o of_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o same_o quality_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o this_o treaty_n at_o munster_n the_o swede_n quiet_o enjoy_v the_o low_a pomeren_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o article_n aforesaid_a until_o in_o these_o late_a war_n the_o unite_a force_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o brandenburger_n not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n and_o much_o bloodshed_n overpowred_n they_o and_o sieze_v on_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n together_o with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o the_o city_n of_o stetin_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o in_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o particular_a city_n chief_a city_n in_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n i._o stetin_n stetin_n stetin_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v reckon_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o pomeren_n and_o stralsund_v only_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o rugen_n by_o who_o or_o when_o it_o be_v first_o build_v can_v easy_o be_v determine_v and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o idle_a conjecture_n of_o illiterate_a historian_n who_o pretend_v to_o fetch_v its_o genealogy_n from_o a_o warlike_a nation_n who_o they_o call_v sidini_n that_o before_o the_o build_n of_o town_n or_o house_n come_v in_o fashion_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n keep_v their_o usual_a rendezvous_n in_o the_o place_n where_o stetin_n now_o stand_v however_o it_o be_v more_o commendable_a for_o the_o improvement_n it_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o beauty_n of_o its_o building_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o its_o own_o record_n than_o any_o antiquity_n it_o can_v boast_v of_o although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v beyond_o the_o skill_n of_o the_o able_a antiquary_n to_o find_v out_o its_o original_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o stetin_n be_v build_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a figure_n from_o what_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n which_o now_o stand_v without_o the_o wall_n be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o the_o town_n the_o convenient_a and_o pleasant_a situation_n it_o now_o have_v on_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o small_a hill_n its_o regular_a fortification_n beauty_n and_o strength_n it_o owe_v to_o the_o saxon_n who_o by_o permission_n of_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n come_v hither_o to_o reform_v the_o barbarous_a manner_n and_o language_n of_o their_o then_o wendish_n subject_n by_o this_o mean_n trade_v be_v advance_v and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n multiply_v so_o exceed_o that_o some_o writer_n who_o give_v we_o a_o description_n of_o this_o city_n in_o its_o modern_a condition_n represent_v it_o as_o a_o place_n where_o more_o people_n inhabit_v under_o ground_n then_o above_o it_o intimate_v that_o the_o town_n be_v so_o populous_a that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o its_o citizen_n be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o cellar_n and_o vault_n the_o castle_n former_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n and_o now_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o swedish_n governor_n be_v a_o pile_n of_o building_n which_o excel_v perhaps_o any_o piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o may_v vy_z with_o most_o of_o its_o kind_n in_o
to_o the_o court_n who_o be_v easy_o win_v over_o to_o the_o elector_n opinion_n they_o can_v not_o but_o observe_v a_o continual_a advancement_n of_o calvinism_n and_o as_o constant_a decay_n of_o the_o lutheran_n party_n whereupon_o they_o resolve_v the_o forementioned_a decree_n for_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o confirm_v if_o possible_a beyond_o all_o fear_n of_o a_o future_a violation_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n they_o procure_v the_o say_a decree_n to_o be_v insert_v as_o the_o seven_o article_n into_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n which_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o eternal_a and_o immutable_a law_n to_o the_o whole_a german_a empire_n yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o assurance_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n a_o zealous_a assertor_n of_o his_o father_n tenant_n have_v in_o many_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n especial_o his_o two_o university_n of_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge and_o koningsberg_n discourage_v the_o lutheran_n and_o countenance_v calvinism_n the_o hotspur_n professor_n at_o wittenberg_n abraham_n calovius_n and_o his_o brethren_n first_o provoke_v he_o with_o daily_a curse_n and_o anathema_n vent_v against_o calvin_n and_o his_o follower_n to_o publish_v a_o edict_n command_v all_o his_o subject_n to_o withdraw_v their_o son_n from_o that_o university_n within_o the_o space_n of_o three_o month_n after_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o say_a edict_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o first_o marchioness_n lovis-henrietta_n daughter_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o a_o zealous_a calvinist_n the_o brandenburger_n have_v some_o hope_n their_o elector_n will_v have_v be_v bring_v over_o to_o their_o party_n or_o at_o least_o upon_o his_o second_o marriage_n with_o dorothy_n daughter_n to_o philip_n duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o relict_n of_o christian-lewis_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n as_o resolute_a a_o assertor_n of_o luther_n doctrine_n as_o the_o former_a of_o calvin_n have_v a_o little_a abate_v his_o rigorous_a persecution_n but_o hitherto_o their_o hope_n have_v be_v blast_v without_o the_o elector_n care_n to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n any_o further_a than_o to_o wink_v at_o the_o ordinary_a exercise_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o he_o to_o be_v true_o reconcile_v as_o long_o as_o strauchius_fw-la at_o present_a a_o note_a preacher_n in_o dantzic_n not_o long_o since_o commit_v to_o the_o goal_n for_o raillery_n with_o some_o other_o hotheaded_a lutheran_n pulpiters_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o represent_v not_o only_a calvinist_n in_o general_a but_o the_o elector_n himself_o as_o one_o of_o the_o devil_n be_v chief_a instrument_n for_o pervert_v the_o true_a christian_a religion_n mutavit_fw-la dominos_fw-la marchia_n saepe_fw-la suos_fw-la government_n government_n be_v a_o say_n we_o often_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o historian_n that_o treat_v of_o this_o marquisate_n but_o the_o first_o time_n that_o we_o hear_v of_o any_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v after_o the_o year_n 927._o for_o henry_n i._o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v overcome_v this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n bestow_v it_o on_o sigefride_n earl_n of_o rengelheim_n on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v defend_v these_o march_n or_o outmost_a limit_n of_o the_o empire_n against_o the_o sclave_n thereupon_o give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o marckgraf_n or_o marquis_n from_o this_o time_n we_o may_v reckon_v up_o three_o several_a catalogue_n or_o class_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n begin_v first_o with_o such_o as_o be_v not_o hereditary_a marquis_n but_o have_v that_o title_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o enjoy_v it_o during_o his_o pleasure_n these_o be_v 1._o sigefride_n earl_n of_o rengelheim_n who_o be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v create_v the_o first_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 927._o beside_o his_o exploit_n in_o several_a expedition_n against_o the_o slavonian_n he_o may_v just_o lay_v claim_n to_o some_o more_o than_o ordinary_a preferment_n as_o be_v brother_n to_o the_o empress_n after_o his_o death_n 2._o gero_n count_n of_o altenburg_n and_o mersburg_n be_v make_v marquis_n by_o otho_n the_o first_o he_o build_v the_o monastery_n of_o gerenrood_n which_o still_o retain_v his_o name_n have_v govern_v a_o few_o year_n he_o leave_v the_o marquisate_n to_o 3._o bruno_n or_o brumito_n earl_n of_o within_o and_o burgraf_n of_o zorbeck_n create_v marquis_n by_o the_o same_o emperor_n and_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o otho_n the_o three_o his_o son_n 4._o hugh_n succeed_v who_o have_v be_v the_o founder_n of_o seven_o stately_a monastery_n in_o italy_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1001_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n 5._o sigebart_n who_o otho_n the_o three_o make_v the_o first_o marquis_n elector_n his_o son_n 6._o theodoric_n prove_v a_o great_a persecutor_n of_o the_o heneti_n two_o of_o who_o prince_n he_o persuade_v the_o emperor_n henry_n ii_o to_o hang_v up_o and_o all_o other_o tribe_n of_o the_o neighbour_a slave_n and_o vandal_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overpower_v by_o they_o and_o be_v beat_v out_o of_o all_o his_o territory_n by_o mistivoius_fw-la prince_n of_o the_o obotriti_n be_v force_v to_o end_v his_o day_n miserable_o in_o a_o monastery_n at_o magdeburg_n 7._o vdo_n earl_n of_o soltwedel_n within_o some_o year_n after_o encourage_v with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n give_v battle_n to_o the_o slave_n and_o have_v force_v they_o out_o of_o their_o new_a conquest_n be_v himself_o make_v marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 8._o vdo_fw-la ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n but_o join_v afterward_o ward_n with_o rodolph_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n in_o a_o rebellion_n against_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iu._n he_o be_v by_o the_o same_o emperor_n proscribe_v and_o his_o marquisate_n give_v to_o 9_o primislaus_n king_n of_o the_o obotriti_n and_o ancestor_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n after_o who_o death_n the_o marquisate_n be_v make_v hereditary_a by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n who_o confer_v it_o upon_o albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la prince_n of_o anhalt_n and_o marquis_n of_o soltwedel_n from_o who_o we_o may_v reckon_v the_o second_o catalogue_n of_o marquis_n in_o the_o order_n follow_v 1._o albert_n create_v elector_n and_o duke_n of_o saxony_n brunswic_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o place_n of_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n 2._o otho_n albert_n son_n succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 3_o otho_fw-la ii_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o holy_a war_n leave_v the_o marquisate_n to_o his_o brother_n 4._o albert_n ii_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1221_o and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son_n 5._o john_n a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge his_o son_n 6._o otho_fw-la iii_o build_v brandenburg_n in_o prussia_n and_o live_v all_o his_o reign_n which_o last_v about_o fifteen_o year_n in_o a_o continual_a warfare_n with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n this_o man_n brother_n 7._o john_n ii_o have_v leave_v nothing_o memorable_a record_v of_o he_o save_v that_o he_o keep_v possession_n for_o some_o year_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n which_o be_v pawn_v to_o he_o by_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislaw_n john_n the_o first_o be_v three_o son_n 8._o conrade_n obtain_v the_o marquisate_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o two_o elder_a brother_n and_o die_v very_o old_a and_o decrepit_a in_o the_o year_n 1303._o his_o son_n 9_o john_n iii_o do_v not_o long_o outlive_v his_o father_n but_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1305_o leave_v the_o marquisate_n to_o his_o brother_n 10._o waldemar_n who_o annex_v a_o good_a part_n of_o lusatia_n which_o he_o win_v from_o the_o marquis_n of_o misnia_n to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n his_o nephew_n 11._o waldemar_n ii_o die_v within_o four_o year_n of_o his_o uncle_n in_o the_o year_n 1323_o have_v act_v nothing_o worth_a the_o relate_n and_o yet_o short_a be_v the_o government_n of_o his_o brother_n 12._o john_n iu._n the_o last_o marquis_n of_o the_o house_n of_o anhalt_n after_o who_o death_n which_o happen_v within_o forty_o day_n after_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o government_n the_o marquisate_n escheat_v to_o the_o empire_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n be_v give_v to_o 13._o lewis_n of_o bavaria_n by_o his_o father_n lewis_n the_o emperor_n he_o resign_v to_o his_o brother_n 14._o lewis_n ii_o surname_v the_o roman_a because_o bear_v at_o rome_n who_o be_v succeed_v by_o the_o emperor_n three_o son_n 15._o otho_n count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n he_o afterward_o sell_v the_o marquisate_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n who_o give_v it_o to_o his_o son_n 16._o winceslaus_fw-la but_o he_o have_v not_o enjoy_v it_o quite_o five_o year_n before_o he_o be_v upon_o his_o father_n
very_a church_n now_o almost_o nine_o hundred_o year_n old_a wherein_o his_o first_o sermon_n be_v deliver_v but_o the_o great_a ornament_n of_o this_o town_n be_v the_o academia_n julia_n or_o university_n found_v by_o julius_n duke_n of_o brunswic-wolfenbuttel_n in_o the_o year_n 1576._o among_o other_o grand_a privilege_n grant_v to_o this_o university_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n ii_o it_o be_v order_v that_o its_o rector_n shall_v for_o ever_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o count_n palatine_n whereupon_o henry_n julius_n duke_n julius_n elder_a son_n and_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v by_o his_o father_n make_v the_o first_o rector_n and_o before_o his_o succession_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n upon_o his_o father_n death_n found_v the_o fair_a college_n which_o be_v still_o call_v juleum_fw-la novum_fw-la these_o two_o duke_n procure_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o professor_n and_o student_n in_o this_o university_n a_o considerable_a library_n of_o book_n which_o since_o have_v be_v well_o augment_v but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o that_o at_o wolfenbuttel_n among_o some_o hundred_o of_o hebrew_n greek_a latin_a and_o dutch_a manuscript_n of_o little_a value_n they_o have_v two_o old_a volume_n contain_v the_o pentateuch_n in_o hebrew_a write_v on_o vellum_n in_o a_o fair_a and_o legible_a character_n for_o these_o two_o book_n they_o tell_v we_o several_a jewish_a rabbi_n who_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o ordinary_a skill_n in_o discern_v the_o true_a antiquity_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o monument_n in_o their_o own_o language_n have_v offer_v some_o hundred_o of_o rixdollar_n after_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n frideric_n vlric_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o ancient_a house_n of_o wolfenbuttel_n the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n divide_v the_o rectory_n of_o this_o university_n among_o they_o agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o duke_n regent_n shall_v in_o his_o course_n supply_v that_o office_n for_o one_o year_n and_o no_o more_o and_o in_o state_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v there_o be_v not_o any_o university_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n that_o have_v breed_v up_o more_o eminent_a and_o learned_a man_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o one_o century_n than_o helmstadt_n witness_v joh._n caselius_n jac._n horstius_n val._n forsterius_n reinerus_n reineccius_n hen._n meibomius_n joh._n stukius_n jac._n lampadius_n conr._n hornejus_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o late_a year_n the_o ingenious_a calixti_fw-la and_o incomparable_a conringius_n iv_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hannover_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o calenberg_n whence_o the_o duke_n palace_n be_v remove_v hither_o by_o george_n duke_n of_o brunswic-calenberg_a upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o abovementioned_a frideric_n vlric_n the_o town_n be_v ancient_o call_v lawenroda_n from_o the_o neighbour_a castle_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o count_n of_o that_o name_n about_o henry_n the_o lion_n time_n it_o get_v the_o name_n of_o hanover_n from_o a_o ferry_n at_o this_o place_n over_o the_o river_n leina_fw-la as_o some_o imagine_v han_n over_o in_o the_o old_a dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n signify_v the_o same_o as_o the_o more_o modern_a high-dutch_a haben_fw-ge uber_fw-la i.e._n to_o have_v or_o carry_v over_o there_o be_v yearly_o keep_v in_o this_o town_n four_o fair_n during_o which_o there_o be_v always_o a_o vast_a concourse_n of_o foreigner_n as_o well_o as_o german_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o contribute_v exceed_o to_o the_o enrich_n of_o the_o citizen_n but_o however_o a_o more_o considerable_a share_n of_o their_o wealth_n arise_v from_o their_o breuhane_n a_o sweet_a and_o muddy_a sort_n of_o beer_n which_o be_v hence_o export_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o village_n v._o hamelen_n hamelen_n hamelen_n a_o ancient_a city_n on_o the_o outmost_a confine_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic-calenberg_a seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n hamel_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n and_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o weser_n this_o place_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o key_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n and_o be_v therefore_o better_o fortify_v and_o garrison_v then_o almost_o any_o other_o city_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o brunsic_n dominion_n the_o record_n of_o this_o city_n relate_v a_o notable_a accident_n which_o happen_v among_o the_o burgher_n on_o the_o 26_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1284._o the_o story_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o citizen_n be_v strange_o infest_a with_o rat_n and_o have_v try_v all_o imaginable_a expedient_n but_o in_o vain_a to_o rid_v themselves_o of_o these_o troublesome_a guest_n at_o last_o meet_v with_o a_o stranger_n who_o undertake_v for_o a_o certain_a reward_n to_o do_v the_o feat_n the_o burgher_n agree_v to_o his_o proposal_n and_o the_o strange_a gentleman_n immediate_o with_o his_o tabret_n and_o pipe_n draw_v after_o he_o all_o the_o rat_n in_o the_o town_n like_o so_o many_o maurice-dancer_n to_o the_o river_n and_o there_o drown_v they_o return_v for_o his_o reward_n it_o be_v deny_v he_o as_o be_v judge_v to_o great_a a_o recompense_n for_o so_o small_a a_o performance_n however_o less_o he_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o take_v but_o leave_v the_o town_n in_o a_o rage_n threaten_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v revenge_v according_o about_o a_o year_n after_o he_o come_v again_o and_o play_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o same_o tune_n but_o with_o another_o train_n after_o he_o for_o now_o he_o go_v attend_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o child_n who_o follow_v he_o in_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o great_a cave_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n call_v by_o the_o burgher_n koppel-berg_a and_o be_v never_o after_o hear_v of_o in_o remembrance_n of_o this_o sad_a accident_n the_o citizen_n be_v wont_v for_o many_o year_n after_o as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a deed_n and_o other_o record_n in_o that_o city_n to_o date_n all_o their_o indenture_n and_o contract_n such_o a_o year_n von_fw-mi unser_fw-mi kind_a aussgang_v i.e._n since_o the_o departure_n of_o our_o child_n the_o street_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v bungloese_n strass_n or_o tabret-street_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n near_o the_o cave_n mouth_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v a_o mounment_n of_o stone_n with_o this_o inscription_n post_fw-la duo_fw-la cc_o mille_fw-la post_fw-la octoginta_fw-la quaterque_fw-la annus_fw-la hic_fw-la est_fw-la ille_fw-la quo_fw-la languet_fw-la annus_fw-la uterque_fw-la orbantur_fw-la pueros_fw-la centum_fw-la etque_fw-la triginta_fw-la johannis_n et_fw-la pauli_n caros_fw-la hamelenses_n non_fw-la sine_fw-la damnis_fw-la fatur_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la eos_fw-la vivos_fw-la calvaria_fw-la sorpsit_fw-la christ_n tuere_fw-la reos_fw-la ne_fw-la tam_fw-la mala_fw-la res_fw-la quibus_fw-la obsit_fw-la which_o sorry_a piece_n of_o dogg'rel_n be_v there_o translate_v into_o two_o distich_n in_o the_o nether_a saxon_a dialect_n much_o of_o the_o same_o strain_n the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n grubenhagen_n name_n name_n in_o the_o dutch_a language_n signify_v proper_o a_o grove_n or_o forest_n belong_v to_o the_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o grube_n though_o afterward_o that_o word_n be_v appropriate_v to_o a_o castle_n build_v by_o some_o of_o the_o say_a family_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n communicate_v its_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a principality_n thus_o the_o hague_n in_o holland_n call_v by_o the_o low_a dutch_a s'gravenhaghe_n which_o be_v ordinary_o render_v in_o latin_a by_o haga_n comitis_fw-la have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o neighbour_a forest_n where_o it_o seem_v the_o earl_n of_o that_o province_n be_v ancient_o use_v to_o hunt_v and_o indeed_o this_o whole_a principality_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o large_a forest_n wood._n hercynian_n wood._n most_o of_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o hartz_n or_o sylva_n hercynia_n mention_v by_o roman_a writer_n julius_n cesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n say_v that_o this_o wood_n be_v at_o least_o nine_o day_n journey_n in_o breadth_n and_o of_o a_o unaccountable_a length_n several_a man_n he_o tell_v we_o have_v travel_v forty_o day_n together_o straight_o forward_a in_o it_o but_o that_o no_o man_n dare_v ever_o yet_o boast_v that_o he_o have_v see_v both_o end_n of_o it_o the_o german_a word_n hartz_n out_o of_o which_o without_o all_o question_n the_o latin_n form_v their_o hercynia_n signify_v proper_o rosin_n or_o pitch_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o liquor_n distil_v out_o of_o the_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n the_o only_a timber_n wherewith_o this_o forest_n abound_v since_o the_o empire_n begin_v to_o be_v cultivate_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n understand_v the_o advantage_n of_o unite_n themselves_o into_o city_n and_o corporation_n the_o hercynian_a wood_n have_v in_o many_o place_n be_v convert_v into_o great_a town_n and_o large_a cornfield_n but_o yet_o pass_v over_o these_o it_o be_v still_o easy_a to_o tract_n it_o
they_o in_o the_o year_n 1648_o which_o have_v not_o since_o be_v rebuilt_a however_o the_o place_n be_v still_o beautify_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n college_n and_o town-hall_n and_o the_o street_n especial_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v in_o a_o exact_a square_n be_v general_o neat_a and_o uniform_a oelsse_a have_v ancient_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n conrade_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o year_n 1492._o the_o dukedom_n be_v give_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o in_o this_o principality_n be_v reckon_v the_o small_a city_n of_o bernstatt_n festenberg_n kunstatt_n stroppen_n mosebahr_n hundsfeld_n and_o trebnitz_n vi_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o breslaw_n breslaw_n or_o wratislavia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o silesia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o wratislaus_n a_o bohemian_a prince_n its_o first_o founder_n whence_o the_o citizen_n bear_v a_o great_a w_n in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n other_o and_o ohla_n in_o a_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a country_n towards_o the_o north_n indeed_o there_o be_v some_o marsh_n and_o moist_a field_n whence_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o unwholesome_a gale_n send_v into_o the_o town_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v build_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o great_a pond_n dry_v up_o the_o citizen_n who_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a traffic_n with_o the_o hungarian_n bohemian_o polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o resort_v hither_o be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o neat_a and_o gentile_a in_o their_o clothes_n and_o cookery_n as_o any_o other_o of_o the_o emperor_n subject_n whatever_o breslawer_n love_v to_o be_v esteem_v immediate_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o bear_v the_o spread_a eagle_n in_o their_o escutcheon_n and_o that_o they_o petition_v charles_n v._o to_o confirm_v their_o privilege_n for_o this_o reason_n m._n boregius_n a_o breslaw_a who_o write_v a_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n rank_n breslaw_n among_o the_o imperial_a city_n but_o never_o mention_v it_o with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n town_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v former_o subject_n to_o that_o prince_n this_o goldastus_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bchemia_n evident_o prove_v notwithstanding_o what_o be_v usual_o allege_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o the_o contrary_a by_o some_o ignorant_a and_o silly_a historian_n that_o it_o be_v once_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n be_v fair_a and_o stately_a only_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o stand_v four_o old_a fashion_a fabric_n with_o turret_n on_o the_o top_n which_o the_o antiquary_n of_o this_o place_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o so_o many_o schwabish_a prince_n who_o in_o former_a day_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o city_n beside_o the_o vast_a traffic_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o bishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n wherein_o have_v be_v breed_v many_o learned_a man_n and_o some_o great_a writer_n the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n who_o have_v ancient_o the_o epiphet_n or_o title_n of_o golden_a give_v they_o from_o their_o vast_a revenue_n be_v put_v in_o by_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o they_o acknowledge_v their_o supreme_a head_n at_o least_o in_o temporal_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v no_o power_n to_o promote_v a_o stranger_n to_o any_o bishopric_n in_o silesia_n so_o that_o a_o bohemian_a be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o be_v advance_v to_o one_o of_o their_o diocese_n then_o a_o silesian_n be_v of_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o prague_n but_o how_o false_a this_o report_n be_v historian_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o boleslaus_n dukedom_n dukedom_n surname_v the_o long_a a_o polish_v prince_n be_v create_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o breslaw_n and_o lignitz_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o but_o these_o kind_n of_o petty_a prince_n not_o be_v able_a to_o secure_v their_o territory_n and_o especial_o this_o large_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o be_v a_o bait_n sufficient_a to_o tempt_v the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n be_v force_v to_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n or_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o who_o they_o be_v now_o immediate_o subject_a vii_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n lignitz_n a_o fair_a city_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n call_v katsbach_n be_v think_v to_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lygii_n city_n city_n a_o german_a people_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o silesia_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1170_o this_o town_n be_v much_o enlarge_v beautify_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o long_a the_o first_o duke_n of_o lignitz_n after_o he_o duke_n frideric_n the_o second_o so_o far_o improve_v his_o predecessor_n boleslaus_n undertake_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1532_o it_o become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fortify_v city_n next_o to_o breslaw_n in_o all_o silesia_n thing_n best_o worth_a see_v in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o hospital_n the_o town-hall_n and_o castle_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o best_a corn-country_n in_o silesia_n dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o afford_v near_o as_o great_a plenty_n of_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n especial_o the_o white_a sort_n which_o be_v here_o more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o any_o other_o province_n the_o whole_a be_v common_o subdivide_v into_o seven_o circle_n whereof_o four_o have_v name_n from_o the_o four_o city_n of_o luben_n parchwitz_n hayn_n and_o goldberg_n and_o the_o other_o three_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o barren_a or_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n viii_o the_o ducal_z city_n of_o jawer_n schweidnitz_n brieg_n monsterberg_n and_o oppelen_n the_o city_n of_o jawer_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n jawer_n jawer_n though_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o rugged_a crag_n and_o mountain_n which_o separate_a silesia_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n it_o have_v not_o the_o advantage_n of_o any_o river_n near_o it_o so_o that_o all_o the_o fortification_n it_o have_v be_v high_a rampire_n and_o deep_a ditch_n there_o be_v little_a of_o note_n in_o the_o town_n but_o the_o church_n burn_v down_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n a._n d._n 1648._o but_o rebuilt_a more_o stately_a than_o before_o and_o the_o castle_n wherein_o reside_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n of_o jawer_n and_o schweidnitz_n the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o king_n of_o bohemia_n marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o henry_n ii_o duke_n of_o javer_n who_o with_o his_o brother_n bolco_n duke_n of_o schweidnitz_n die_v without_o issue_n whereupon_o these_o two_o dukedom_n be_v more_o immediate_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o hand_n they_o still_o remain_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n belong_v the_o town_n of_o buntzlau_n lemberg_n schonau_n greiffenberg_n lahn_n fridberg_n lubenthal_n schmideberg_n naumburg_n upon_o the_o queiss_n kupfferberg_n and_o hirschberg_n 2._o schweidnitz_n or_o schweinnitz_n schweidnitz_n schweidnitz_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o great_a herd_n of_o wild_a swine_n which_o be_v harbour_v in_o this_o place_n before_o the_o forest_n be_v cut_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1070._o whence_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n be_v a_o wild_a boar._n it_o be_v afterward_o much_o enlarge_v by_o boleslaus_n i._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o beautify_v it_o with_o several_a fair_a building_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o fine_a city_n in_o silesia_n the_o most_o remarkable_a sight_n in_o the_o town_n next_o to_o the_o church_n and_o other_o public_a building_n be_v the_o great_a gun_n in_o the_o armoury_n which_o carry_v a_o bullet_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n weight_n this_o be_v by_o schickfusius_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o curaeus_n chronicle_n of_o silesia_n very_o improper_o reckon_v among_o the_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a blessing_n which_o the_o almighty_a have_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v on_o some_o of_o the_o city_n in_o silesia_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n be_v the_o town_n of_o strigau_n memorable_a as_o we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v
the_o reader_n for_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la find_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n reichenbach_n polckenhahn_n landeshut_n freyberg_n friedberg_n fridland_n zobten_n waldberg_n and_o gottesberg_n 3._o brieg_n brieg_n brieg_n or_o brig_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o polish_v word_n berega_n which_o signify_v a_o exceed_a high_a bank_n of_o a_o river_n such_o as_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o street_n here_o be_v uniform_a enough_o and_o the_o house_n general_o build_v of_o stone_n st._n nicholas_n church_n be_v a_o high_a and_o stately_a old_a fabric_n beautify_v with_o two_o tower_n and_o build_v after_o the_o ancient_a franckish_a mode_n this_o whole_a city_n except_v only_o some_o few_o public_a building_n be_v lay_v in_o ash_n by_o the_o hussites_n who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o bohemia_n and_o silesia_n in_o the_o year_n 1428._o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brieg_n be_v reckon_v the_o town_n of_o strelen_n olau_n nimptsch_n pitschen_n creutzburg_n loben_n michelau_n and_o little_a oelsse_n the_o two_o mine-town_n of_o reichenstein_n and_o silberberg_n be_v joint_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brieg_n and_o lignitz_n who_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o family_n and_o descend_v from_o the_o ancient_a hereditary_a king_n of_o poland_n 4._o monsterberg_n monsterberg_n monsterberg_n or_o munsterberg_n so_o call_v from_o the_o monastery_n build_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o river_n ola_n in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n the_o town_n be_v neither_o large_a nor_o strong_a and_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o of_o note_n but_o the_o school_n a_o old_a castle_n and_o a_o fair_a town-hall_n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v the_o town_n of_o franckenstein_n and_o warta_n to_o which_o some_o historian_n and_o geographer_n be_v please_v to_o add_v hainrichau_n tepliwoda_n and_o kamentz_n 5._o oppelen_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o sandy_a and_o dry_a oppelen_n oppelen_n but_o fruitful_a country_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o prevail_v with_o the_o emperor_n to_o withdraw_v all_o his_o force_n and_o subject_n hence_o in_o the_o year_n 1647._o since_o which_o time_n the_o citizen_n of_o oppelen_n and_o all_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o village_n near_o it_o speak_v the_o polish_v language_n if_o strong_a gate_n and_o thick_a wall_n be_v proof_n against_o modern_a siege_n this_o town_n be_v sufficient_o provide_v against_o the_o assault_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o otherwise_o its_o fortification_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a among_o the_o many_o town_n and_o village_n in_o this_o dukedom_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v little_a glogaw_n neustat_n kosel_n beudten_n gleibitz_fw-fr tost_n strehlitz_n falckenberg_n zultz_n rosenberg_n lublinitz_n and_o schurgast_n ix_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n jegerndorf_n troppau_n ratibor_n and_o teschen_n crotkaw_n be_v a_o city_n of_o no_o great_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bulk_n as_o its_o name_n seem_v to_o intimate_v but_o so_o well_o seat_v that_o it_o be_v a_o proverb_n in_o this_o country_n it_o be_v as_o impossible_a as_o for_o a_o grotkawer_n to_o starve_v or_o freeze_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o expression_n be_v ground_v upon_o each_o burger_n have_v a_o plentiful_a share_n in_o the_o adjacent_a cornfield_n and_o neighbour_a wood_n most_o of_o the_o house_n in_o the_o town_n be_v wood-building_n only_o the_o church_n bishop_n palace_n and_o the_o town-hall_n be_v of_o stone_n the_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o sometime_o its_o lieutenant_n be_v a_o polander_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o neisse_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n otmachau_n wansen_n ziegenhals_n freywald_n hozenplotz_n jawernick_n kaltenstein_n patschkau_n oy_a weidau_n and_o zackmantel_n the_o great_a trade_n of_o this_o country_n especial_o the_o citizen_n of_o neisse_n be_v in_o make_v and_o sell_v to_o the_o merchant_n of_o bohemia_n and_o poland_n a_o sort_n of_o strong_a and_o durable_a linnen-cloth_n for_o bed_n and_o bolster_n 2._o jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n which_o signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n a_o village_n inhabit_v by_o huntsman_n and_o have_v its_o name_n probable_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n in_o the_o neighbour_a wood_n the_o moravian_o call_v this_o town_n carnowf_n whence_o the_o dukedom_n be_v ordinary_o by_o latin_a author_n name_v ducatus_fw-la carnoviensis_fw-la and_o a_o citizen_n of_o this_o place_n carnowfsky_n from_o the_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v a_o pair_n of_o horn_n between_o two_o great_a stone_n this_o city_n with_o the_o small_a dukedom_n which_o bear_v its_o name_n be_v give_v by_o ludowic_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n to_o george_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o build_v the_o castle_n and_o erect_v the_o other_o little_a fortification_n that_o defend_v the_o town_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la grotganus_fw-la cum_fw-la districtu_fw-la episcopali_fw-la nissensi_fw-la to_o john_n nicholls_n esq_n of_o trewane_n in_o cornwall_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la arx_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n nobilis_fw-la pagus_n episcopalis_fw-la commenda_fw-la comitatus_fw-la glatz_n notae_fw-la vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la vicus_n arx_n auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_fw-la fordinae_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la kohloruben_n holtz_n fluesse_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o and_o all_o other_o town_n and_o village_n in_o the_o dukedom_n observe_v the_o same_o law_n with_o the_o moravian_o for_o which_o reason_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v often_o endeavour_v to_o associate_v themselves_o to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o renounce_v all_o dependence_n upon_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n but_o have_v always_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o troppau_n who_o have_v still_o be_v zealous_a to_o continue_v member_n of_o their_o ancient_a body_n 4._o ratibor_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a about_o six_o german_a mile_n from_o oppelen_n we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o it_o before_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1164_o so_o that_o most_o geographer_n venture_v to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v build_v about_o that_o time_n the_o private_a dwell_a house_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o silesia_n general_o wooden_a building_n but_o the_o duke_n palace_n cathedral_n and_o some_o other_o public_a building_n be_v of_o stone_n there_o be_v still_o in_o the_o city_n one_o popish_a monastery_n and_o former_o the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o great_a foot_n in_o it_o but_o since_o the_o reformation_n that_o sort_n of_o cattle_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o harbour_n the_o dukedom_n of_o ratibor_n which_o contain_v the_o town_n of_o oderberg_n sora_n ribenick_n pilzowitz_n and_o mieslowitz_n be_v former_o govern_v by_o a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n valentinus_n its_o last_a prince_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1516_o it_o become_v more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d teschen_n or_o tessin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o old_a city_n in_o silesia_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o cessimir_n or_o gessimir_n son_n of_o lescus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n a._n d._n 810_o and_o from_o he_o to_o have_v have_v its_o first_o name_n which_o have_v since_o be_v corrupt_v into_o tessin_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o silesia_n moravia_n poland_n and_o hungary_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o its_o citizen_n speak_v a_o medley_n of_o language_n hardly_o intelligible_a to_o any_o but_o themselves_o they_o have_v here_o great_a store_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o wild_a fowl_n the_o vistula_n and_o elsa_n afford_v they_o plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hungarian_a merchant_n bring_v they_o in_o daily_o vast_a quantity_n of_o wine_n fruit_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n at_o one_o of_o their_o church_n they_o have_v weekly_o divine_a service_n and_o a_o sermon_n in_o the_o bohemian_a language_n and_o at_o another_o the_o like_a in_o high_a dutch_a for_o of_o these_o two_o nation_n the_o burgher_n chief_o consist_v here_o be_v brew_v beer_n of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o with_o wheat_n and_o the_o other_o with_o ordinary_a barley_n malt_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o they_o call_v matznotz_n a_o sort_n of_o drink_n pleasant_a enough_o but_o mighty_a strong_a and_o heady_a which_o too_o often_o on_o their_o market-day_n make_v the_o poor_a rustic_n commit_v several_a outrage_n and_o disorder_n in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o jollity_n in_o this_o dukedom_n there_o be_v several_a high_a mountain_n whereof_o two_o row_v be_v more_o especial_o remarkable_a and_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o geographer_n and_o historian_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v those_o on_o the_o
east_n of_o the_o dukedom_n divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n mention_v usual_o in_o latin_a writer_n by_o the_o name_n of_o montes_n carpatii_n or_o hungarici_n but_o by_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n call_v common_o jablunka_n among_o these_o hill_n the_o silesian_n find_v the_o chief_a treasure_n of_o their_o great_a dukedom_n have_v here_o a_o great_a many_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o lead_n the_o miner_n that_o inhabit_v these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o their_o neighbour_n die_v walachen_n and_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o people_n much_o more_o rough_a and_o rustical_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o silesian_n a_o vast_a company_n of_o these_o boar_n in_o the_o year_n 1643_o revolt_v from_o the_o imperialist_n and_o flee_v to_o the_o swedish_n army_n but_o be_v not_o long_o after_o reclaim_v the_o other_o row_n of_o mountain_n be_v on_o the_o south_n and_o divide_v the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n from_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n these_o hill_n the_o native_n call_v gesencke_v but_o latin_a author_n make_v they_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sudetes_n and_o name_v they_o montes_n moravici_n these_o latter_a do_v not_o afford_v that_o plenty_n of_o ore_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a but_o be_v tolerable_o well_o stock_v with_o mineral_n and_o some_o metal_n and_o supply_v what_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o other_o in_o this_o kind_n with_o huge_a flock_n of_o sheep_n which_o be_v here_o pasture_v other_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o teschen_n be_v bielitz_n freystattlein_n friedick_n jablunke_v which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o eastern_a row_n of_o mountain_n abovementioned_a nistkow_n strummen_n skotschau_n and_o schwartzwasser_n some_o add_v lassla_n with_o who_o agree_v j._n scultetus_n map_n of_o silesia_n but_o this_o town_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o troppau_n x._o the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o glatz_n among_o the_o montes_n sudetes_n lie_v the_o county_n of_o glatz_n county_n county_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o moravia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o bohemia_n and_o on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n for_o which_o reason_n modern_a geographer_n have_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n to_o determine_v which_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n they_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o some_o of_o they_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohehemia_n other_o esteem_v it_o a_o petty_a province_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v most_o probability_n on_o their_o side_n call_v it_o a_o silesian_n county_n it_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o marsigni_n in_o who_o day_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v call_v luca._n after_o they_o the_o hungarian_n get_v possession_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o keep_v it_o till_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o rout_v they_o and_o hang_v up_o their_o chief_a commander_n in_o one_o of_o the_o forest_n of_o this_o county_n from_o this_o great_a hungarian_a warrior_n who_o name_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v glozar_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n or_o glotz_n be_v first_o name_v though_o other_o etymologist_n think_v its_o ancient_a name_n to_o be_v klotz_n which_o signify_v proper_o the_o root_n and_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o large_a forest_n or_o copps_z of_o shrub_n such_o as_o they_o tell_v we_o once_o grow_v in_o the_o place_n where_o glatz_n now_o stand_v the_o nobility_n of_o this_o county_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o before_o their_o land_n be_v conquer_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o make_v christian_a this_o county_n be_v immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n by_o who_o it_o be_v afterward_o bestow_v on_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n m._n george_n aelurius_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o glatz_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1625_o say_v that_o it_o be_v as_o his_o countryman_n affirm_v subject_n at_o first_o to_o the_o emperor_n but_o afterward_o win_v and_o enjoy_v for_o some_o time_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o who_o the_o bohemian_o take_v it_o and_o as_o appear_v from_o the_o record_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1074_o and_o 1114._o after_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n make_v themselves_o lord_n of_o the_o county_n of_o glatz_n which_o within_o a_o while_n return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o then_o back_o again_o to_o the_o foresay_a duke_n in_o this_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o who_o reign_n it_o be_v once_o more_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o thus_o it_o continue_v till_o king_n george_n about_o the_o year_n 1460_o bestow_v the_o city_n of_o glatz_n munsterberg_n and_o franckenstein_n upon_o his_o own_o son_n who_o thereupon_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n and_o earl_n of_o glatz_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iv_o in_o the_o year_n 1500_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n sell_v this_o country_n to_o vlric_n earl_n of_o hardegg_n who_o successor_n within_o less_o than_o forty_o year_n after_o sell_v it_o again_o to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n i._n who_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o lord_n of_o bernstein_n from_o they_o it_o descend_v a._n d._n 1549_o upon_o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n after_o who_o death_n it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n the_o commodity_n of_o this_o country_n be_v iron_n coal_n silver-ore_n timber_n all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o tame_a cattle_n butter_n cheese_n etc._n etc._n how_o rich_a the_o country_n be_v may_v hence_o easy_o be_v gather_v that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n steward_n and_o rent-gatherers_a have_v be_v know_v to_o bring_v into_o their_o master_n coffer_n near_o forty_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n yearly_o out_o of_o this_o one_o county_n the_o city_n of_o glatz_n be_v a_o neat_a and_o compact_a town_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o neisse_n but_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n which_o overlook_v and_o command_v the_o town_n the_o great_a church_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v former_o the_o temple_n of_o a_o idol_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n in_o which_o as_o aelurius_n tell_v we_o the_o young_a maid_n of_o the_o country_n use_v to_o nail_v up_o their_o hair_n against_o the_o wall_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o that_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o several_a of_o these_o kind_n of_o tabulae_fw-la votivae_fw-la be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o charter_n of_o their_o city_n permit_v their_o magistrate_n to_o coin_v money_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o the_o privilege_n any_o further_a than_o to_o give_v abroad_o a_o kind_n of_o small_a coin_n little_o better_o than_o the_o farthing_n and_o halfpence_n late_o currant_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o no_o better_a man_n than_o a_o ordinary_a grocer_n or_o chandler_n in_o most_o of_o our_o market-town_n in_o england_n beside_o glatz_n there_o be_v the_o follow_v nine_o great_a town_n in_o this_o county_n havelswerd_v neurode_o winschelburg_n mitselwald_n reinertz_n lewin_n landeck_v beurath_n and_o wilhelmsthal_n or_o neustatl_n beside_o a_o hundred_o fair_a village_n and_o upward_o marchionatus_n moraviae_n auct_n i._o comenio_n excudebat_fw-la janssonio-waesbergä_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la muris_fw-la cincla_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n turritus_fw-la arx_n zamek_a castellum_n â—â—â—z_fw-fr pagi_n innominati_n monasterium_fw-la vinetorum_fw-la colle_n thermae_n seu_fw-la aquae_fw-la medicale_n officinae_fw-la â—â—â—â—aria_fw-it auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_n fodinae_fw-la ferri_n fodinae_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n moravia_n be_v common_o in_o the_o bohemian_a writer_n prefer_v before_o silesia_n although_o this_o late_a be_v a_o dukedom_n and_o the_o other_o no_o more_o than_o a_o marquisate_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o preeminence_n must_v be_v ascribe_v either_o to_o this_o marquisate_n have_v be_v ancient_o a_o kingdom_n or_o else_o to_o its_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n before_o ever_o the_o silesian_n embrace_v their_o yoke_n the_o german_n call_v this_o country_n mahren_n and_o some_o of_o their_o writer_n will_v have_v it_o name_v mehrhenland_n or_o equarum_fw-la regio_fw-la imagine_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o come_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o horse_n or_o mare_n breed_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o certain_o the_o word_n moravia_n which_o be_v undoubted_o of_o the_o same_o offspring_n with_o the_o
we_o add_v the_o revenue_n of_o all_o the_o demesn_n immediate_o subject_a to_o these_o prince_n and_o the_o church-land_n which_o after_o the_o reformation_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o electoral_a estate_n we_o may_v probable_o find_v the_o sum_n arise_v much_o high_a but_o now_o adays_o the_o case_n be_v alter_v and_o the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o riches_n as_o well_o as_o honour_n ancicient_o appropriate_v to_o this_o house_n be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n the_o state_n of_o religion_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d both_o in_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a palatinate_n have_v be_v exceed_o change_v and_o vary_v since_o the_o first_o introduce_v of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n by_o count_n frideric_n ii_o for_o frideric_n iii_o set_v up_o the_o doctrine_n and_o discipline_n of_o john_n calvin_n which_o soon_o after_o his_o death_n be_v throw_v out_o by_o ludowic_n v._o a_o restorer_n of_o lutheranism_n his_o son_n frideric_n iv_o bring_v the_o calvinist_n once_o more_o in_o play_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n chief_o of_o his_o beggarly_a courtier_n who_o know_v no_o ready_a way_n of_o raise_v their_o fortune_n then_o by_o invade_v the_o tithe_n and_o glebe_n with_o the_o other_o poor_a remainder_n of_o the_o church_n patrimony_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o clergy_n be_v reduce_v say_v dr._n heylin_n to_o miserable_a short_a stipend_n under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o competency_n become_v so_o contemptible_a and_o neglect_v by_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n that_o at_o last_o the_o church_n of_o the_o palatinate_n be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o the_o church_n of_o israel_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o jeroboam_n when_o priest_n be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o mean_a of_o the_o people_n but_o a_o church_n reduce_v to_o these_o strait_n be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v of_o any_o durable_a continuance_n but_o to_o end_v ere_o long_o in_o misery_n according_o the_o bavarian_n and_o spaniard_n soon_o after_o this_o havoc_n make_v of_o the_o church_n fall_v upon_o they_o and_o take_v away_o their_o ill-gotten_a estate_n and_o starve_a religion_n leave_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o latter_a the_o idolatry_n and_o superstition_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o be_v to_o this_o day_n open_o profess_v in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o elector_n palatine_n dominion_n notwithstanding_o his_o own_o firm_a adherence_n to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o calvinist_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o low_a palatinate_n heydelberg_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n and_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o of_o all_o swaben_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o neccar_n which_o part_v swaben_n and_o franconia_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o a_o little_a sort_n of_o shrub_n resemble_v myrtle_n the_o fruit_n whereof_o grow_v plentiful_o on_o the_o hill_n round_o this_o city_n the_o german_n call_v heidelbeeren_n whence_o latin_a author_n write_v the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n myrtillorum_fw-la mons_fw-la and_o myrtilletum_n it_o be_v compass_v round_o with_o hill_n cover_v with_o vine_n except_o only_o towards_o the_o west_n which_o way_n you_o have_v a_o good_a prospect_n over_o a_o large_a and_o pleasant_a plain_a the_o town_n be_v neither_o large_a nor_o very_o populous_a its_o chief_a beauty_n consist_v in_o one_o fair_a street_n set_v off_o with_o a_o uniform_a market_n place_n the_o elector_n palace_n on_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o hill_n konigstul_n which_o overlook_v the_o whole_a town_n be_v a_o stately_a fabric_n beautify_v with_o a_o great_a many_o delicate_a garden_n grotto_n etc._n etc._n not_o far_o distant_a from_o which_o stand_v a_o strong_a tower_n which_o for_o its_o fortification_n and_o height_n be_v hardly_o to_o be_v parallel_v in_o the_o german_a empire_n it_o be_v former_o call_v trutzkayser_n or_o defiance_n to_o the_o emperor_n but_o since_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o late_a elector_n that_o disoblige_a name_n have_v be_v abolish_v and_o it_o be_v now_o call_v from_o some_o new_a work_n make_v round_o it_o in_o form_n of_o a_o star_n stern-schantz_a or_o star-fort_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o palace_n and_o indeed_o in_o heydelberg_n be_v the_o great_a winefat_a tun_n great_a tun_n mention_v by_o all_o that_o travel_v this_o country_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o tun_n at_o heydelberg_n that_o which_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o outer_a build_n near_o the_o palace_n be_v build_v by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o last_o elector_n charles-ludowic_a and_o far_o exceed_v any_o of_o the_o former_a it_o contain_v above_o 204_o fudder_n of_o wine_n which_o amount_v to_o about_o 200_o tun_n of_o our_o english_a measure_n instead_o of_o hoop_n it_o be_v build_v with_o large_a tree_n of_o knee_n timber_n like_o the_o rib_n of_o a_o ship_n which_o have_v several_a inscription_n paint_v and_o carve_v upon_o they_o and_o be_v support_v by_o carve_v pedestal_n upon_o one_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n you_o have_v a_o handsome_a staircase_n lead_v to_o the_o top_n where_o you_o meet_v with_o a_o gallery_n set_v round_o with_o balister_n three_o and_o forty_o step_n from_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o year_n 1664_o in_o which_o year_n this_o be_v build_v the_o old_a tun_n though_o one_o of_o the_o wonder_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n be_v not_o comparable_a to_o this_o it_o be_v encircle_v with_o great_a hoop_n of_o iron_n each_o of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v weigh_v 12200_o pound_n it_o contain_v only_o 132_o fudder_n of_o wine_n and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o seventeen_o step_n to_o the_o stop_n the_o university_n be_v found_v by_o count_n rupert_n in_o the_o year_n 1387_o university_n university_n though_o some_o will_v needs_o have_v it_o ten_o year_n old_a and_o other_o near_o forty_o it_o be_v still_o much_o frequent_v and_o have_v give_v education_n to_o many_o eminent_a man_n in_o former_a day_n witness_v r._n agricola_n munster_n h._n buschius_n xylander_n paul_n cisner_n pacius_n franciscus_n junius_n p_o &_o f._n smetius_n freherus_n and_o janus_n gruterus_n in_o the_o great_a church_n library_n library_n dedicate_v to_o the_o holy_a ghost_n be_v former_o keep_v the_o elector_n library_n of_o which_o the_o learned_a scaliger_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n to_o janus_n gruterus_n give_v this_o account_n indicem_fw-la bibliothecae_fw-la vestrae_fw-la sedulo_fw-la legi_fw-la locupletior_fw-la est_fw-la &_o meliorum_fw-la librorum_fw-la quam_fw-la vaticana_fw-la one_o great_a part_n of_o this_o collection_n be_v the_o library_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o sponheim_n to_o which_o say_v trithemius_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o damius_fw-la curtensis_n a.d._n 1507_o no_o library_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v compare_v either_o for_o the_o rarity_n or_o multitude_n of_o book_n especial_o its_o manuscript_n in_o the_o hebrew_n greek_a latin_a chaldaean_a arabic_a indian_a russian_a tartarian_a italian_a french_a german_a and_o bohemian_a language_n but_o this_o treasure_n of_o learning_n be_v sieze_v on_o and_o plunder_v by_o the_o spanish_a force_n who_o take_v heydelberg_n in_o the_o year_n 1620._o at_o which_o time_n a_o considerable_a number_n of_o choice_a book_n be_v tread_v to_o dirt_n and_o the_o rest_n carry_v over_o the_o alps_o to_o the_o vatican_n where_o they_o may_v still_o be_v see_v in_o a_o long_a gallery_n over_o against_o the_o duke_n of_o vrbin_n library_n 2._o worm_n worm_n worm_n though_o more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o that_o place_n be_v reckon_v the_o second_o town_n in_o the_o low_a palatinate_n freher_n a_o man_n admirable_o skilled_a in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o country_n say_z that_o it_o be_v ancient_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o vangiones_n the_o old_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n and_o that_o within_o these_o few_o year_n be_v to_o be_v see_v this_o inscription_n in_o capital_a letter_n over_o the_o peacock-gate_n specula_fw-la vangionum_fw-la but_o cluverius_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v old_a name_n be_v bormitomagus_fw-la or_o borbetomagus_n corrupt_v afterward_o into_o vorvetomagus_n vorvemagus_n vormagia_n guarmacia_n and_o at_o last_o wormacia_n the_o imperial_a chamber_n be_v former_o keep_v here_o and_o in_o those_o day_n worm_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a town_n in_o the_o empire_n munster_n say_v that_o in_o his_o time_n 200_o city_n great_a town_n and_o village_n lay_v so_o near_o this_o city_n that_o their_o inhabitant_n can_v daily_o bring_v into_o worm_n such_o provision_n as_o their_o country_n afford_v and_o return_v home_o at_o night_n to_o their_o respective_a dwelling_n but_o the_o many_o calamity_n which_o this_o place_n and_o the_o neighbourhood_n undergo_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n and_o by_o the_o late_a incursion_n of_o the_o french_a force_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o misery_n they_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o often_o rebellion_n of_o the_o citizen_n against_o their_o bishop_n have_v mighty_o alter_v the_o case_n and_o there_o be_v now_o nothing_o of_o
the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n be_v a_o province_n of_o no_o large_a extent_n but_o exceed_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n wine_n and_o hemp._n the_o country_n be_v everywhere_o very_o populous_a and_o the_o village_n so_o thick_a that_o the_o whole_a marquisate_n have_v be_v by_o some_o compare_v to_o one_o continue_a city_n with_o fair_a garden_n interlace_v among_o the_o building_n entz_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d wirmb_n phintz_n and_o the_o other_o river_n afford_v plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o chase_n and_o park_n be_v so_o well_o stock_v with_o venison_n and_o fowl_n that_o what_o the_o nobility_n in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n covet_v as_o a_o delicacy_n the_o rustic_n of_o baden_n have_v for_o their_o ordinary_a food_n the_o merchant_n of_o amsterdam_n antwerp_n and_o other_o great_a trade_n town_n in_o the_o netherlands_o furnish_v themselves_o hence_o with_o those_o vast_a quantity_n of_o flax_n and_o hemp_n which_o they_o transport_v into_o foreign_a nation_n so_o that_o what_o pass_v for_o holland_n flax_n here_o in_o england_n grow_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o baden_n and_o be_v bring_v thence_o down_o the_o rhine_n there_o be_v in_o this_o country_n whole_a wood_n of_o chesnut_n tree_n which_o feed_v their_o great_a herd_n of_o swine_n at_o a_o cheap_a rate_n than_o the_o hog-merchant_n of_o whestphalia_n who_o buy_v their_o chestnut_n at_o bremen_n can_v afford_v to_o do_v the_o quarry_n give_v the_o inhabitant_n a_o advantage_n of_o build_v fair_a house_n with_o a_o small_a cost_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d provide_v they_o with_o a_o good_a freestone_n and_o marble_n of_o all_o colour_n among_o these_o especial_o in_o the_o county_n of_o sponheim_n they_o sometime_o find_v agate_n which_o be_v here_o rare_o polish_a and_o send_v into_o foreign_a country_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o this_o marquisate_n be_v most_o peculiar_o happy_a in_o the_o multitude_n and_o goodness_n of_o its_o hot_a bath_n and_o mineral-water_n especial_o at_o baden_n of_o which_o more_o anon_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o vast_a conflux_n of_o the_o nobility_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o these_o bath_n we_o may_v reasonable_o imagine_v that_o the_o complaisant_a carriage_n towards_o stranger_n which_o we_o find_v everywhere_o practise_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n proceed_v from_o their_o conversation_n with_o stranger_n who_o flock_n hither_o upon_o the_o strong_a conceit_n they_o have_v of_o the_o more_o than_o ordinary_a virtue_n of_o these_o water_n they_o be_v general_o a_o stout_a and_o hardy_a people_n inure_v to_o labour_n and_o toil_n or_o the_o severity_n of_o a_o camp_n from_o their_o their_o cradle_n hence_o they_o come_v to_o be_v reckon_v as_o good_a soldier_n as_o any_o in_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a honour_n the_o country_n have_v get_v this_o last_o year_n 1681_o in_o have_v their_o marquis_n herman_n make_v choice_n of_o to_o succeed_v the_o late_a famous_a commander_n montecuculi_fw-la in_o the_o place_n of_o general_n of_o all_o the_o imperial_a force_n no_o question_n the_o marquis_n of_o this_o country_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o ancient_a stock_n of_o prince_n marquis_n marquis_n but_o of_o what_o old_a family_n they_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v a_o branch_n the_o german_a herald_n can_v scarce_o determine_v some_o fetch_v they_o from_o the_o vrsin_n and_o other_o from_o the_o house_n of_o della_n scala_n or_o the_o scaliger_n some_o again_o labour_v to_o prove_v that_o baden_n and_o hochberg_n be_v different_a family_n and_o other_o that_o they_o be_v but_o one_o other_o genealogist_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbaressa_n bring_v herman_n marquis_n of_o verona_n out_o of_o italy_n and_o make_v he_o the_o first_o marquis_n of_o hochberg_n and_o baden_n a._n d._n 1155._o which_o will_v very_o ill_o agree_v with_o what_o the_o best_a high_a dutch_a historian_n report_v of_o a_o monastery_n be_v found_v by_o herman_n marquis_n of_o baden_n in_o his_o village_n of_o backenau_n a._n d._n 1116_o which_o be_v confirm_v by_o bruno_n bishop_n of_o spire_n in_o the_o year_n 1122._o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n be_v that_o they_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o vindonissa_n and_o altemburg_n in_o switzerland_n from_o who_o also_o the_o duke_n of_o zeringuen_n and_o tek_v the_o count_n of_o habspurg_n and_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n derive_v their_o original_n at_o present_v there_o be_v two_o family_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n whereof_o one_o be_v a_o profess_a lutheran_n and_o the_o other_o a_o zealous_a papist_n for_o this_o reason_n their_o interest_n seem_v different_a the_o marquis_n of_o durlach_n associate_a himself_n with_o the_o count_n palatine_n the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o duke_n of_o wirtenberg_n and_o the_o count_n of_o solms_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n savoy_n and_o lorraine_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o hohernzollern_n each_o of_o these_o prince_n style_n himself_o marquis_n of_o baden_n and_o hochberg_n landgrave_n of_o sausenberg_n earl_n of_o sponheim_n and_o eberstein_n lord_n of_o rotel_n badenweiler_n lohr_n and_o mahlberg_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o baden_n baden_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o marquisate_n baden_n baden_n and_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o hot_a bath_n in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o the_o town_n stand_v among_o hill_n on_o a_o craggy_a and_o uneven_a spot_n of_o ground_n so_o that_o there_o be_v hardly_o a_o strait_a and_o plain_a street_n in_o it_o some_o of_o the_o bath_n be_v scald_a hot_a and_o all_o of_o they_o run_v out_o of_o rock_n of_o brimstone_n salt_n and_o alum_n have_v the_o same_o taste_n one_o of_o they_o be_v call_v the_o kettle_n out_o of_o which_o the_o water_n boil_v at_o a_o wonderful_a rate_n reek_v as_o if_o set_v over_o a_o furnace_n these_o water_n be_v reckon_v sovereign_a medicine_n for_o several_a disease_n especial_o the_o cramp_n and_o gout_n both_o which_o distemper_n have_v be_v admirable_o cure_v by_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n there_o be_v a_o continual_a resort_n of_o the_o german_a nobility_n and_o gentry_n who_o flock_n hither_o in_o as_o great_a company_n during_o the_o whole_a summer_n as_o our_o english_a gentry_n be_v wont_a to_o do_v to_o bath_n in_o somersetshire_n see_v joh._n keiffer_n description_n of_o the_o bath_n of_o this_o country_n 2._o durlach_n durlach_n durlach_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n psintz_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n on_o the_o top_n whereof_o stand_v a_o tower_n wherein_o contintial_a watch_n be_v keep_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o city_n the_o street_n in_o this_o town_n be_v general_o fair_a and_o straight_o and_o the_o building_n stately_a and_o uniform_a the_o marquise_n palace_n far_o excel_v that_o at_o baden_n and_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o court_n and_o attendant_n of_o the_o great_a monarch_n in_o europe_n there_o be_v a_o gymnasium_n keep_v up_o by_o some_o few_o professor_n who_o read_v public_a lecture_n in_o the_o several_a faculty_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o worthy_a a_o scholar_n sight_n be_v the_o rare_a collection_n of_o ancient_a coin_n and_o medal_n in_o the_o marquise_n cabinet_n and_o the_o library_n adjoin_v wherein_o be_v some_o piece_n of_o good_a note_n 3._o pfortzheim_n say_v rhenanus_fw-la pfortzheim_n pfortzheim_n be_v ancient_o call_v orcynheim_n and_o by_o latin_a author_n porta_n hercyniae_fw-la because_o it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o schwartzwald_n a_o part_n of_o the_o hercynian_a forest_n as_o you_o travel_v from_o spire_n on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o town_n you_o have_v fair_a meadow_n pasture-ground_n and_o cornfield_n but_o the_o other_o side_n be_v nothing_o but_o mountain_n and_o wood_n this_o town_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o schwaben_n but_o fall_v afterward_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o conradine_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o that_o country_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n who_o be_v now_o lord_n of_o it_o 4._o gersbach_n be_v a_o town_n of_o no_o great_a extent_n gersbach_n gersbach_n have_v in_o it_o only_o two_o church_n whereof_o one_o be_v frequent_v by_o lutheran_n and_o the_o other_o by_o papist_n the_o marquis_n of_o baden_n as_o count_n of_o eberstein_n a_o castle_n not_o far_o from_o this_o town_n have_v here_o a_o palace_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o determine_v all_o controversy_n and_o lawsuit_n arise_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o small_a county_n 5._o badenweiler_n a_o city_n betwixt_o freyburg_n and_o basil_n badenweiler_n badenweiler_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o baden_n though_o seat_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o brisach_n the_o hot_a bath_n of_o this_o