Venetians 296 marries Giulia daughter to the Duke of Camerino Succeeds his Father in the Dutchy of Vrbine and confirm'd by the Venetians in their service falls into the Popes displeasure for the Dutchy of Camerino 361. Yeilds up that Dutchy to the Church 557. Is made General of the Venetian Militia 611. Marries Virginia Neece to Pope Paul the third 621 H HEnry the 8. King of England undertakes to reconcile the Venetians with the Emperour 76. enters into a League with Charls the 5th 193. Offers to engage for the safety of Italy 223. Treats about relieving Pope Clement besieged by the Imperialists 255. Angry with the Venetians and why 349. Is displeased that he was not included by the Christian Princes in their League against the Turk 414. Makes a League with the Emperour against the King of France 591 Henry the 2. Son to King Francis marries Catarina Neece to Pope Clement the 7. Succeeds his Father in the Kingdom of France 354 355. Intends to make war in Italy 620. Negotiates a League with the German Princes against the Emperour 638. Favourâ— the Senesi in their insurrection 649 Henry the 3. King of France in his passage through Venice made a Noble Venetian 616 I IAnusbei sent from Soliman to the Venetians 363. Being sent to the Venetian General is taken by those of Cimera and restored gratis 379 Islands of the Archiepelagus taken from the Venetians by Barbarossa 392 Julius the 2. Pope his Death and Character 12 Julius the 3. Pope elected with great hopes from all men of future goodness 630. He answers not those expectations 632. Discovers himself to be an enemy to the French 639 L THe Landgrave of Hessen and other Protestant Princes raise up a vast Army in Germany 355 A League negotiated between the Venetians the French 8 9 10 11 Concluded 12. A League between the Pope the Emperour the King of Spain Sforza Duke of Milan and the Switzers 101. Between Pope Leo and Charls the 5. and the conditions thereof 174. Between Charls the 5. and Henry King of England 193. Between Charls the 5. and the Venetians 199. Between the Pope the King of France and the Venetians 227 A League between the Pope the Venetians and the Florentines 223 Between the Venetians and Francesco Sforza Duke of Milan 318. Between the Pope the Emperour and many Princes of Italy 348. Of the Christian Princes against Soliman 387. A League between the Pope the Emperour the Venetians and other Princes against the Tuâ—k 413 414. Of the Princes â—f Germany against the Emperour 641 Leo the tenth chosen Pope 13. His Designs in the beginning â—f his Popedom ibid. His ill Will to the Venetians 31. Negotiates a Peace between the Emperour and the Venetians 72 73. His Designs in that Negotiation 75. Enters into a League with the Emperour 174. Restores Parma and Piacenza to the King of France 125. Gives the King of France a meeting in Bologna 126. Negotiates an accord between the Emperour and the Venetians 125. Sends his Legate to the Emperour 133. Suspects the French 138. Puts for an universal Truce among Christian Princes 160. Sideth with the King of France in the Election of the Emperour 162. Unresolved to confirm the League with France 165. Ioyns in League with Charls the 5. against Milan 174 Dies 179. Lodi taken by the Switzers and retaken by Alviano 107. Sacked by the Switzers 137. Yeilded to the French Taken by the Imperialists 178. Taken by the French 202. Taken by the Venetians 228 Lodowick the 12. King of France gets the Dutchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples 4. Hath new practises on foot for the recovery of Milan 7. Makes a League with the Venetians 12. Makes a Truce with Ferdinand King of Spain 15. Raises an Army for Italy 16. Annulleth the Council of Lions and adhereth to that of Lateran 31. Dies whiles he prepares for invading Milan 92 Lodowick King of Hungary prepares for his own defence against Soliman 163. Sends an Embassadour to Venice 168. 170. Is relieved with monies by the Venetians ibid. Lewis Lord of Tramogly General for the King of France in the Enterprize of Milan 16. Passeth into Italy and takes Milan and other Cities 19. Assaults Novara 22. Draws off from before it 23. His Camp is routed by the Switzers 26. Returns into France ibid. Luigi Badoara Embassadour for the Venetians in France 395. And in Spain 398. Commissary General in Dalmatia 425. Embassadour to Constantinople and his Commission 571. Concludes a peace with the Turks and yeilds up to them Napoli and Malvasia 573 M MAffeo Leone and others punished for revealing the secrets of the Commonwealth of Venice to forraign Princes 574 Malta bestowed upon the Knights of Rhodes by Charls the 5. Marano seiz'd upon by Frangipane â—8 Assaulted by the Venetians 58 59. Taken by Baltrame Sacchia and yeilded up to the French 589. Given by the King of France to Pietro Strozzi who selleth it to the Venetians 598. The Marquess of Saluzzo with the French Army in Lombardy 228. Succeeds Lautrech before Naples whence he suddenly rises 287. His Army is defeated by the Imperialists and himself taken prisoner ibid. Maximilian the Emperour intends to drive the French out of Italy 5. His qualities 10. He stirs up the Great Turk against the Venetians 55. Makes great preparations for the War of Italy 102. Agrees with the Switzers and some Princes against the king of France 127. Affirms that the State of the Church belongs to the Empire 130. Passeth with an Army into Italy 133. Takes in many places of the Dutchy of Milan and besiegeth Milan 135 136. Returns into Germany 137. Makes peace with France 151 152. Makes a Truce with the Venetians ibid. Dies 161 Maurice Duke of Saxony helps the Emperor in his Wars against the Protestants 615 Milan yeilded up to Francis King of France 115. Besieged by the Emperour Maximilian 136 Taken by the Army of Charles the 5.178 In what condition it was by Pope Leo's death 180. Assaulted by the Popes and Venetians Forces 229. Besieged by the French and the Venetians 309. Returns into the hands of Duke Francesco Sforza 324. Falls into the Emperours 363 Monsieur de S Paul sent by King Francis with an Army into Italy 288. Ioyning with the Venetians he takes Pavia 190. Makes new progresses in Lombardy 308. Goes against Genoa 309. His Army is routed and he taken prisoner by Leva 310 N NAples assaulted by the Leagues Army 240. Besieged by Lautrech 279. Much streightned both by Land and Sea 282. The Siege is raised 287 The Nature and Customs of Charls the Fifth 167. Of Francis King of France 168. Of the French 296. Noble Venetians go to the defence of Padua and Trevigi 51. Employed in great Gallies into the Levant upon diverse sorts of merchandise 159. Sent by the Senate to the defence of their Cities in Terra Ferma 280. What they are that are so called 615. The Number of the vessels that were into the
times and upon whatsoever events before any other Friendship which might be propounded to them but also if occasion should require be as ready for their service to undertake new enmities that the condition of times had often caused an interruption of their offices of good will which was not notwithstanding irradicated out of their minds And that though the Embassadours should find a ready willingness in the King concerning the Affairs of Italy and of the Common-wealths Interests they would not notwithstanding forbear to make use of publick authority to exhort him to come as soon as might be into Italy promising him that the Venetian assistance should be such and so ready as it was not to be doubted but that being joynd with his Forces they might break the Forces of the common Enemies and taking from them that which they had injuriously possessed reduce such things under the Dominion of the King of France and of the Venetian Common-wealth as did belong to each of them The Embassadours were enjoyn'd to perform the like offices with the King of England that there had always many good offices been mutually observed between the Kings of England and the Common-wealth that they were confident that Henry would carry himself so as they shewed not need to desire any farther demonstration of Love from him but that he would of himself do whatsoever he knew might make for the good of the Common-wealth But that they should chiefly entreat him to endeavour the increase of the King of France his affection towards the Common-wealth and by his exhortations incite him to send his Forces away immediately into Italy to their succour whereby great glory would redound unto his name This was that which was given in charge to the Embassadours But whilst they were upon their way King Lewis fell sick and dyed It was thought that his death would have caused great alteration of Affairs The Embassadours were not recalled but commanded to go on and for what concern'd their Embassie they were to expect new commissions from the Senate King Lewis afforded the Common-wealth of Venice occasion of proving various successes of Fortune His Friendship was useful to them at the beginning for they made good advantage of his asistance to revenge the Injuries done them by Lodowick Sforza so as she got Cremona a great and rich City and for a while the favour and friendship of so great a King seemed to win the Common-wealth no small credit with other Princes but afterwards when not to part from the Friendship of the French the Venetians took up Arms against the Emperour Maximillian they fell into great troubles and dangers Moreover Lewis was the first Authour and Driver on of the League of Cambray which was cause of great ruine to the Common-wealth as may be partly known by what you have already heard Lastly he who had plotted so great mischiefs against the Common-wealth re-assuming his first affection towards her began to desire and to endeavour her exaltation and did at this time use all the means he could to make her return to her former Power and Honour And certainly the Common-wealths recovery of her State in Terra firma afterwards by the asistance of the French must be chiefly attributed to Lewis who did use the same various and uncertain Proceedings all his life time so as he made others by reason of his inconstancy make trial of Fortune several times so did not he neither continue stedfast either in prosperous or adverse fortune nor did he long make trial of the same luck All humane Affairs are for the most govern'd by such mutual alterations The End of the Second Book THE HISTORY OF VENICE Written by PAULO PARUTA BOOK III. THE CONTENTS FRancis Duke of Angolema is declared King of France He is well minded towards the Common-wealth which send Embassadours to him their Proposals to the King They go from thence to England Pasqualio sent to the Duke of Burgony Martin Georgio Embassadour at Rome The Pope cannot be reduced from his obstina y by the new Venetian Embassadours The King of France prepares for War he goes to Lyons The Switzers differences are adjusted by the Emperour and Ferdinand the Pope enters into League with Cesar. Embassadours sent by the King of Poland to the Senate The French enter Italy Alviano recovers Lodi The Armies are described Sedunense his Oration to incourage his men to Battle Colonna taken Prisoner A bickering between the French and Switzers before Millan The business succeeds well at last on the French behalf by Alviano's succour The number of the dead and the Victory uncertain Millan is in the French mens hands Sforza surrenders the Castle and himself The Kings Entry into Millan Alviano attempts the taking of Brescia and dyes there Giovan Giacomo Trivulcio succeeds Alviano The Spaniards defend Brescia stoutly The Venetians recover Peschiera and other Towns The Bastard of Savoy joyns with the Venetian Army departs from the Camp Pietro Navarro serves the Venetians he endeavours to take Brescia but in vain The Pope and King of France speak together at Bologno Brescia is relieved by Roncandolfo Wherefore the Venetians retreat from thence Trivulcio being distasted leaves the Army Theadoro Trivulcio succeeds him The King returns to France Andrea Trevisano near Barbone The Pope endeavours to alienate the Venetians from the French but fails therein New Wars made by Cesar by the King of England and by the Pope Cesar prepares to enter Italy The Venetians recall the French and take 8000 Switzers into pay Cesar attempts to take Asola but fails therein the French being afraid to retreat to Millan and are incouraged by Gritti Cesars Army is dissolved Brescia returns under the Venetian Government Lotreco betakes himself slowly to the Enterprize of Verona He retreats at last and is distasted by the Senate who are jealous of his Actions The King of France and Duke of Burgony meet at Brussels Divers difficulties which arise there an agreement is made at last by which Verona returns to be under the Venetians THeir time of rejoycing for the death of King Lewis who were troubled at the power of the French in Italy lasted but a little but the Venetians hopes began quickly to revive who desired the return of that Nation into Italy to reduce their Affairs to a better condition who were likely to have suffer'd longer by the late Kings death for Prince Francis Duke of Angulesne to whom by their ancient rights of that Kingdom he being descended of the House of the Capets and the nearest a Kin to the late King the succession did belong was declared King of France He being young and of an eager Spirit of a lively and ready wit greatly desirous of War and all things fitting for War being ready and prepared by King Lewis every one thought that the new King who suddenly had his eye upon Millan and wanted not Forces to assault it would forthwith send a powerful army to that purpose beyond the Mountains and
Streets and being come to the cathedral Church had much ado to get in at the Gates Here Lautrech having received the Keys of the City from the Bishop of Trent did at the same instant give them into the hands of the Venetian Commissaries Andrea Gritti and Giovan Paolo Gradinigo Then some of the chiefest of the Citizens did together with the Commissaries and in the name of all the rest congratulate the return of that City to under the command of the Common-wealth attesting the Citizens constant good will towards her and promising Loyalty and Obedience thereunto at all times These things being ended and the French assistance being to be dismis'd the Senate that they might not omit to shew their respects and love to so gallant a man and one who had deserved so well of the Common-wealth as Lautrech resolved to present him honourably in the name of the publick and charged Commissary Gritti to wait upon him to Millan When he came to Lodi he found Giovan Giacopo Trivulcio there who was come to meet him and to bring him the Order of St Mihel from the King Then after the passing of many complements on both sides Gritti left him who according to orders received from the Senate went to visit the other Cities belonging to the Common-wealth to provide for all things necessary for them and to confirm the people in their love to the Common-wealth And at last after having for so many years perform'd his faithful service with much applause to the Common-wealth having won much love amongst the Citizens and glory amongst Forreigners he returned to Venice Great joy and general Feastings was had throughout the whole City Every thing seemed to smile and to eccho forth joyful acclamations But chiefly all due praises were rendred to God and solemn processions devoutly made by publick Decree for many days thanks being given to God for his great goodness in having granted them a desired peace after so long and troublesome a War Great alms were given to Monastries and to Alms houses and such Citizens and Forreigners as had served the Common-wealth faithfully were well rewarded The Common-wealth being thus restored to her pristine greatness after having suffered so many Calamities and the Affairs of Italy being put as it was thought into a firm and settled condition the Venetians hoped they had been freed from all Fears for many years The End of the third Book THE HISTORY OF VENICE Written by PAULO PARUTA BOOK IV. THE CONTENTS THe Peace of the Common-wealth such Cities as were return'd to their obedience send Commissioners to the Senate Padua and Verona are strangely fortified The Venetian Merchants obstructed in Spain The situation of Venice A voyage of the Common-wealths Galltouns An end of the Truce with Maximillian A treaty of peace between him and the Venetians Universal Truce treated by the Pope Truce concluded between Cesar and the Venetians the conditions Maximillians death Francis King of France and Charles King of Spain contend who shall be Emperour Francis sends Embassadours to Venice to stand for him Charls is declared King of the Romans Soliman succeeds Selino in the Turkish Empire His nature Lodowick King of Hungary prepares for War He sends Embassadours to Venice The Venetians send Embassadours to Constantinople to confirm the peace The King of France scandalized at Charles his being chosen Emperour treats of confederacy with the Venetians The Pope hisitates The Dyet is held at Worms Cesar endeavours to make the Venetians his friends Cesars genius the like of the King of France The Peace of Italy is disturb'd The King of Hungary sends an Embassadour to Venice The Senate resolves to help that Kingdom Soliman takes Belgrado and frights all Hungary The death of Duke Loredano Antonio Grimani succeeds him The King of France speaks with the King of England at Ards in Picardy Commotions in Spain Risings in Germany New designs in the King of France The Pope agrees with Cesar. The Venetians endeavour Peace Preparations made by the Pope and Cesar. Lautrech goes for Italy The Venetians arm their Confines Ioyn with the French The Imperialists before Parma They retire to before Millan They take it Lautrech gets safe with his Horse to Como He winters in the Territories of Brescia The Duke of Ferrara in Field The death of Pope Leo the tenth The consequences thereof Lautrech marches into the field again He attempts Parma and Pâ—acenza but in vain He returns towards Millan Takes Novara and Vigueano The King of France prepares to go for Italy Lautrech gives over the Siege of Millan Sits down before Pavia Withdraws from thence The French and Imperialists meet at the Charter house of Pavia The Imperialists retreat to Biccoca where they are assaulted by the French The Switzers make a gallant retreat are backt by the Venetians The Switzers Impatiency marrs all Alberto Pietra's speech to make them keep the field They disband The Venetians and French retreat to the confines of the Common-wealth Lautrech repasses over the Mountains to acquaint the Court how Affairs go in Italy THe ensuing years contain more prosperous successes and will afford me more delightful matter to write on Wherefore I hasten thereunto as abhorring the memory of the past calamities and as weary as if I had had a part in those troubles and dangers The Common-wealth after the past Wars enjoy'd three years quiet in which time being healed of her so great labour and grievous adversity she began to hold up her head again and to resume her ancient power and reputation The Wars therefore which we now shall write of made by the Common-wealth on Terra firma though they be no less remarkable for the Grandetsa of Princes for famous Commanders Forces length of time and other circumstances yet were they more prosperous and of less danger the Common-wealth having taken up Wars for the space of almost ten years no less to defend the Affairs of her friends and confederates then her own and more for glory then safety In the beginning of the year 1517. all Truces being solemnly published as you have heard in the former Book and all men hoping that secure peace would assuredly ensue all the Cities on Terra firma which before the late War were under the Dominion of the Common-wealth were returned to her obedience and sent their Deputies to Venice to congratulate with the Senate that Arms were laid down with Honour and the State recovered And they did also willingly offer all their means forces and fortunes to be at the Common-wealths service The Senates first and chiefest care was to ease the City of Venice and all the other Citâ—es and Castles on Terra firma of many grievances which were imposed upon them in the more troublesome times of War by reason of the scarcity of publick monies to the end that private mens means being restored unto them in the time of peace they might be the readier to assist the Common-wealth at another time of need It was likewise
year as his Fuditory 6 Barbary Mares 12. Falcons and 12000 Crowns for the pay of 1000 Spanish Foot to be kept as an ordinary Garrison in Goletta and so sayled with his whole Fleet into Sicily Where having tarried a good while in Palermo and Messina he dismist the greatest part of his Ships and disbanded his Army keeping only 2000 Foot for his Guard which things being done he wintered in Naples where he was received with extraordinary honour and entertained with many Solemn shows these demonstrations of joy being made the greater for that never Emperour was seen before in that Kingdom and by reason of the marriage which was at this time there consummated between his natural daughter the Lady Margeret and Alexander de Medici Duke of Florence Divers Princes and Princes Embassadors came to Naples to meet him and the Common-wealth as she had done formerly sent four Embassadours thither Marco â—oscari Iovan Delphino Vicenzo Grimani and Thomaso Contarini â—ho were to congratulate his Affrican Victory and acquisitions which truly were very acceptable to the Venetians For though the increasing of Cesar's power was being considered in it self but bad tidings and much to be suspected in a Prince so highly spirited and so powerful as was Charls yet was it welcom since thereby his greatness did counterpoise the like of the Ottoman family and made for the good of Christendom and especially for the Venetians who were most exposed to the Turkish forces Whilst the Emperour was busied in these affairs Francisco Sforza Duke of Milan died leaving no Heirs male behind him to inherit that State who being dead the Senate of Milan gave the care of that State to Antonio da Leva who was to administer it in the name of the Dutchess Dowager till Cesars mind might be known Who graciously receiving the Dutchess who went to meet him at Naples seemed to be much troubled at the Dukes death either for the love he bore him or for fear lest this accident might trouble the peace of Italy or out of dissembling seeking hereby to shew that he did not aspire unto that State But the Venetians were much more truly grieved hereat who having long and with much expence maintained war to the end that that State might have a particular Lord of its own and one who might be an Italian saw that this their desire grew doubtful and dangerous by the Dukes death and that occasion and peradventure necessity might thereby arise of reassuming Arms. Therefore when Cesar was come to Naples they acquainted him with their desires and with the affairs of Italy desiring him to find out some means of preserving that peace which he himself had introduced and seemed to desire so much To which Cesar answered That as the care of providing for that State which held in Fee of him did belong to him so he desired to do what might be acceptable to the Italian Princes and chiefly to the Venetians that therefore he would willingly hear what they could inform him of that so he might the better order things for the good of Italy and according to their intentions But the Senate desiring exceedingly that the Dukedom of Milan might be still governed by one particular man and not knowing well what Cesars intentions were therein nor being willing though peradventure little to their good to offend either him or others were resolute in their proposal that some one should be invested in that State who should be thought proper for the peace of Italy therefore though the four aforesaid Embassadors went to Naples they committed nothing concerning that unto their charge at which the Emperour marvelling a little and desiring to keep fair with the Venetians as the occasion required he promoted new discourse concerning it concluding finally as he had formerly said that not being as yet resolved on whom to bestow the Dukedom of Milan he would willingly hear somwhat proposed herein by the Senate and that he would very well consider what they should advise him to therein and afterwards growing jealous of the proceedings of the French he desired the Venetians that as they had renew'd their league with him upon occasion of the Popes death so they would do the like now upon the death of the Duke of Milan that he desiâ—â— this for the better security of the affairs of Italy and to take all occasion away from any one that might have a mind to disturb the quiet which she now enjoy'd and the Venetians desiring the same satisfied Cesar therein and confirmed the League upon the former conditions wherein they reserved a place for the Pope and for him who should be chosen Duke of Milan They thought it good to yeild to Cesar's first desires as well to shew their readiness to please him as likewise to shun the treating hereof at Rome whither Cesar was suddenly to come which would have given some suspition to the Turks by reason of the usual proposals made by all Popes against Infidels in their Leagues though of a long while but of little advantage Which reasons being either not well known or not well considered by the Pope he complained of the Venetians saying that they had taken this resolution too soon and that they ought to have deferr'd it till his pleasure had been known therein and till the Emperour had been come to Rome By the Duke of Milan's death the King of France soon renewed his ardent desire of getting that State preparing therefore for it he resolved first to try the Venetians minds concerning it whose State and Forces were of all other things most requisite to effect his desires therein He therefore sent Monsieur de Biones Gentleman of his chamber to Venice To know what the opinion of the Senate was upon this occasion which as he said was now offered of securing and enlarging their Commonwealth He said he had forces monies friends and all things else whereby this enterprise might be undertaken with assured hopes for which he promised to reward them honourably if they would declare themselves his Friends and Confederates which things it not being thought fit to listen unto at this time answer was made in general terms That the Commonwealth had always desired peace and endeavour'd it and that it ought now chiefly to do so for that it had need of some rest after so long and so sore wars and because the present troubles of Christendom by reason of so many heresies risen in several parts perswaded rather to the extinguishing of them then to the undertaking new Wars yet they humbly thanked his Majesty for these offers and for this his confiding communication which they would never be unmindful of and that a fitter time might peradventure come of making use thereof But the King of France not foregoing his thoughts of sending his armies into Italy to acquire the Dukedom of Milan was very diligent in raising men that he might assault it as much at unawares as he could and to force his way the
Cesar had not shared the advantages of war with him by giving him part of the monies which were paid by those that compounded nor having communicated the most important advices of peace or war to him nor his representatives as he ought to have done since he shared in the expence and hazard But on the other side Cesar said that the Pope had fail'd him in his promise and devoire since the war not being yet fully ended which he had undertaken chiefly at his entreaty and by his advice he had recalled his men whereby he did not onely deprive him of that aid but did diminish the forces and reputation of his Army whereby there was yet a great strength of men to be overcome in Germany under the conduct of Iohn Frederick and of the Lansgrave the one of which for the antient blood of Saxony and the other by reason of the love the people bore him would be able to raise so great an Army as without due providing for the contrary might yet question the victory These things did Cesar amplifie either to draw the Pope to a new contribution of Monies or Foot or to get leave as he had often desired to make use of the revenues of the Church in Spain for this war or peradventure to make his victories appear the greater by magnifying the forces of the enemie But the Pope being far from favouring Cesar's designes any further prefer'd the apprehension of his greatnesse and his being very ill satisfied with him before all other respects But the occasions of dividing the Pope from the Emperour grew much greater the next year 1547. For Cesar's power and reputation daily encreasing he grew the more ambitious of Government He did so prosper in Germany as bringing the Duke of Saxony to Battle not affording him time to withdraw into the strong holds in his own Country as he designed to do he won such a victory as he thereby put an end to the war the Duke being taken prisoner and his forces so utterly defeated as the Lansgrave dispairing to save himself by force of Arms or by any other means put himself willingly into Cesar's hands who possessing himself of the Forts of Hessen detained him prisoner So as all things being peaceable and quiet in Germany he entred as it were in triumph into Auspurg where he summoned a Dyet from all the parts of Germany wherein he obtained many things for his advantage and satisfaction amongst the rest a great contribution from all the Princes and Haunâ—e-Towns whereby to take 20000 Foot and 4000 Horse into pay for the service of the Empire wherein he comprehended his own patrimoniall estate and the like of his Family Betwixt which and the Princes and Haunâ—e-Towns of Germany a perpetuall League was made for the common defence Yet these his great prosperities did not at all quench his thirsting after new acquisitions and glory his chief aime was at Italy and together with other higher designes to settle himself fast in the State of Millan whither he sent great store of Artillery which were presented him by divers German Lords and afterwards a good number of Spanish Foot making of them an ordinary Garrison in that State esteeming them most faithfull to him He also made the people swear fealty to him and to whomsoever he should name to be Lord over them intending that Government to his son Philip who to that end was to go quickly for Italy And he treated still with the Swissers capitulating with them to defend the State of Millan He moreover had placed a guard of 400 Spanish Foot in Sienna and an Officer of his who exercised much authority in many things and attempted to build a Fort there intending as it was thought to bring them under the yoke of servitude for the which occasions were not wanting by reason of commotions raised in the City the people whereof not being able to see themselves inslaved had driven out the Spanish Foot and done many other things contrary to Cesar's dignity He sought also to possesse himself of the Town of Piombino and to take it from the Lord thereof upon severall pretences promising to recompence him with other territories that he might make use of that scituation which lay upon the Sea-cost of Tuscany and was very commodious in other respects for affairs at Sea But above all other things the taking of Piacenza which was done as shall be said together with the death of Duke Pier Luigi caused fear in all men and particular affliction in the Pope and two of the prime Princes of Christendom Francis the first of France and Henry the eighth of England's death which ensued not long after one another all things seemed to smile upon Cesar For these Princes of great power and mature counsell being taken away he remained in supream authority and sole arbitrator of affairs The King of France his death begot more alteration in thought than in effect for Henry his third son comming by the death of the Dolphin and of the Duke of Orleance to the Crown who was brought up under his father's discipline and did inherit his affections especially his hatred to Cesar appeared soon ready to tread in his fathers foot-stâ—ps and not to yield any waies to Charles his fortune But the King of France his death was severally interpreted by the Italians some thought that the occasion of many troubles to Italy was taken away which by reason of his unquiet nature of the bitter hatred which he bore to Cesar and of his obstinate resolution of getting the Dukedom of Millan was never to have an end but by his death Others were of a contrary opinion who thought the new King would not so soon forego his fathers resolutions and enterprises which though he should do they thought that more prejudice then advantage would redound thereby to the Italians who the counterpoise of the French forces being taken away were with little cure to their libertie to depend the more upon the Spaniards will Some in Venice did with much griefe call to minde the love which the late King bore to the Common-wealth his readinesse to assist her in her lowest ebb of fortune and chiefly his assisting her in the recovery of Verona They likewise alleadged as signes of his good-will his having so often desired a new conjunction with the Common-wealth not being any waies scandalized at his so many repulses which had won no small honour to the Common-wealth and had made her be the better esteemed by Cesar's self Others not without some bitternesse of spirit remembered the ficklenesse used by this King upon many occasions and his great ingratitude towards the Common-wealth which having with much readinesse taken up Arms and exposed her self to so much expence and hazard of war first for his own freedom and then for the like of his sons from Cesar's hands had been so scornfully abandon'd by him as that in his agreement made with Cesar he had made peace not onely without
the Venetians about the affairs of Italy 207. Treats to joyn with France 209. Proposes conditions of Peace between Charls the 5. Emperour and Francis King of France ibid. Confederates with the King of France and the Venetians 216. Disswades the King of France from fighting the Emperour at Pavia 218. Agrees with the Emperour 221. Ioyns with the Venetians to drive the Spaniard out of the Dutchy of Milan 227. Treats of an agreement with the Viceroy of Naples 240. Crowns the Emperour in Bologna 330 331. Comes to a Parley with the Emperour in Bologna 346. Comes to a Parley with the King of France in Marcelles 354. Dies 358 The Colonnesi plunder in Rome St Peters Church and the Pope's Palace 358 The Conditions of the League between Lodowick K. of France the Venetians 12. Of the agreement betwixt the Emperour Maximilian and Francis King of France 149. Of the agreement betwixt Maximilian and the Venetians 152. Of the agreement between Charls the 5 and the Venetians 199. Of the league between Pope Clement the 7th Francis King of France and the Venetians 127. Of the agreement made by Pope Clement the 7. with the Viceroy of Naples 260. Of the Peace made by Charls the 5. with the Venetians 325 326 327 A Conspiracy of almost all Christian Princes against the Venetians 5 Counsel given by the Venetians to Pope Clement the 7. 246 Corfu assaulted by the Turks 384. It s description ibid. Besieged by the Turks 389. Freed from the Siege 390 D DIsagreement between the General of the French of the Venetians the Duke of Milan about the manner of assaulting Milan 309. New ones between the Emperour Charls the 5. and Francis King of France 576. Amongst the Cardinals at the election of the Pope 629 630. Discourses or Debatements of the Captains of the League how Naples should be assaulted 241. Of the Venetians about coming to an agreement with Charls the 5. 320. Of the same about making War upon the Protestants and Hans-Towns 335. Of the same concerning the conferring of Ecclesiastical Dignities upon their own Gentlemen 337 338 339. Of the same about joyning with the Christian Princes against the Turk 341. Of the same touching the Imposition of Tythes upon the Clergie of their own Dominions 356. Of the French Embassadour with Soliman's Bashaws 362 363. Of the Commanders of the Christian Fleet about the manner of fighting the Turks 435. Of the Venetians whether they should make peace with Soliman or no 398 399. of the same concerning the peace between the Emperour and the King of France 605 606. Of the Italians in general upon the death of Francis King of France 618. Of the Venetians about joyning with the Pope and Henry King of France against the Emperour 622. Upon the actions of Pope Paul the third in his old age 624. Of the Venetians about standing to their neutrality 647 Designs of Paul the third in the interview of the Emperour and the King of France 418. Of Doria and Barbarossa at Prevesa 438. Of Charls the Emperor and Francis king of France 599. Of Henry king of France in taking up Arms 625. Dragut a Turkish pirate infests the Sea of Corfu 558. Routs Commissary Pasqualigo's Gallies 558.559 pillageth the Island of Candia and is shrewdly handled by the Islanders 559. is taken by Gianettin Doria 575. E EDict of the Senate of Venice concerning those of Verona 29 Ernando di Toledo Duke of Alva in Piemont with the Emperour left by the Emperour in charge of king Philip and of Spain 594. F FErdinand king of Spain makes a Truce with Lewis king of France 15. Maintaines an Army in Lombardy 23. joynes in a league with the Emperour Maximilian against the Venetians 101. his designs upon Italy 103 he dyes 130 Ferdinand of Austria brother to Charls the 5th aideth his brother against the French 175. Overcomes the Vaivode of Transilvania 266. Raiseth men against the Venetians Is declared King of the Romans 295. Goes over with an Army into Saxony in service of his brother 615. Obtains of Soliman a Truce for five years 627. Causeth the Bishop of Varadino to be slain 642 A Fort built in Siena by the Spaniards called the Stocks of Italy 637 Francesco Sforza Duke of Milan yeilds up the Castle to the Spaniards 232. Ioyns in League with the Pope the King of France and the Venetians 233. Sends Embassadours to Charls the 5th 316. Meeteth the Emperour at Bologna 322 323. Restored by the Emperour to the Dutchy of Milan 324. Marrieth one of the Emperours Neeces Dies 363 Francis the 1. succeeds Lewis the 12. in the Kingdome of France 94. His designs upon Milan 95 Desires to see Venice 101. Passeth into Italy with an Army 104. Assaulted by the Switzers valiantly fights and overcomes them 111. Takes in the whole State of Milan 115. Passes the second time into Italy takes Milan and besieges Pavia 209. is routed and taken prisoner by the Emperour 218. Is set at liberty and returns into France 224. Makes a new League with the Pope and the Venetians 227. Prepares to repass into Italy with a mighty Army 304. Comes to an agreement with the Emperour 317. Marries the Emperours Sister and recovers his Sons out of prison 337. Endeavors to kindle war between the Venetians and the Turk or between them and the Emperour 361 362. Holds secret intelligence with the Turks to the great damage of Christendom pursues his friendship already begun with Soliman 362. Falls upon three parts of the Emperour's State with three Armies 587. Presseth the Venetians to joyn in League with him against the Emperour 599. Makes peace with the Emperour 604. Francesco Maria Duke of Vrbine chosen General by Land for the Venetians 200. Proffers to go to Rome to set the Pope at liberty 257. Is confirmed General of the Venetians 206. Strikes a Captain of the Switzers for prating mutinously 290. Assaults Pavia takes and sacks it ibid. After the French had been routed retreats 310. Routs the Imperialists 311. Much esteemed of by the Venetians 416. He dies and his Encomium 444 The French beaten out of Italy 4 Return for the recovery of Milan 15 16. Assault Novara often and in vain 22 23. Are routed by the Switzers 25 26. Return into Italy 104. How basely they lost Milan 177 178. Beaten out of Italy by the Imperialists and Venetians 205 206. They pass again into Italy 206. They take Milan 208. Are routed by the Imperialists at Pavia 218. Besiege Naples 279. Assaulted by the Imperialists and of Conquerours become conquered 287. Are routed near Milan 309 310 Fall upon Piemonâ— and take in some places there 367 G GEnoa besieged by the Leagues Fleet 231 232. Reduced into the power of the King of France 263. Taken from the French by Doria and made a free State 287 Girolamo Savorgnano 58. He defends Osofo 64. Routs the Imperialists 71. Is made Count of Belgrado and Osofo ibid. Guido Ubaldo Prince of Vrbine taken into pay by the
Leagues fleet against the Turke at Prevesa 432. Of the Army which king Francis brought in Italy 108. Of the Galleyes and Souldiers to be raised by the Christian Princes against Soliman 413. Of the Souldiers sent by the Pope to the Emperour in his war against the Protestants 61. Of the Imperial Army against the Protestants ibid. Of theirs against him 613. O ODetto di Fois called Monsieur de Lautrech sent by King Francis to assist the Venetians 129. Goes to the defence of Milan 135. is declared by the King General in Burbon's stead 139. Ioyned with the Venetians goes towards Verona 144. Assaults Verona 145 146. Riseth from before it 147 148. Having received the keyes of Verona he immediately delivers them to the Venetians 153. Drawes his Army into Milan 177. Is beaten out thence by the Imperialists 177 178. Takes Pavia 262. Quitteth Lombardy and goes towards Naples 265.269 Enters that Kingdom and proffers the Imperialists battell 278. Takes in almost the whole Kingdom of Naples 279. Besiegeth Naples ibid. vexed at the many sufferings of his Army he sickens and dies 286 287. The Oration of Andrea Loredano to the Army 40 41. Of Cardona to the Army 44 45. Of Antonio Grimani to the Senate 69. Of Pietro Bembo to the Senate of Venice 88. Of the Cardinal of Seduno to the Switsers 110. Of Domenico Trivisano to the King of France 116. Of the King of Hungary's Embassadours to the Senatours of Venice 168. Of Alberto Pietra Commander of the Switzers 186. Of Georgio Cornaro to the Senate of Venice 210. Of Domenico Trivisano to the same 213. Of the same man to the same Senate 271. Of Luigi Mocenigo to the Senate of Venice 273. Of the same man in the same place 297. Of Marco Antonio Cornaro in answer to him 300. Of the same in the Senate 373. of Lunardo Emo in answer to him 375. Of Marc Antonio Cornaro in the same place 406. Of the Cardinal of Ferrara in the Colledge of Venice 599. Osofo its Situation and strength 63. Assaulted by the Imperialists 64. The siege raised by Alviano 71. P PArma assaulted by the Imperialists 176. Yeilded to the Emperour together with Piacenza 178. Attempted by the French 181. given by the Pope together with Piacenza to his son Pier Luigi 610. Pavia taken by the French 108. Yeilded up to the Imperialists 178. Besieged by Francis King of France 209. Taken by Lautrech and the pillage of it given to his Army 262. Taken and sack'd by the confederates army 290. Paul the 3. of the family of the Farnesi succeeds Clement the 7. in the Papacy 358. Seekes to make peace between Charles the 5. and King Francis 361. Negotiates by his Nuncioes for an universal peace among Christian Princes 368. Denies the Venetians the Tything of their Clergy 366. Concludes the league of the Christian Princes against Soliman 387. Procures an Interview between the Emperour anâ— the King of France at Nice in Provence 417. His designes in this Interview 418. Gives the Emperour a meeting and with what design 595. His designes fall not out to his hopes for which he complains of the Emperor 616 617. Seekes to bring the Venetians to joyn with him and the King of France 622. His vast designes and irregular thoughts 624. Sends the Bishop of Verona his Legate in Germany 626. He dies 629. Peace between the Switzers and the French 151. Between the Emperour and the King of France 152. Universal between Christian Princes treated about 235. Negotiated between the Emperour and the Venetians 323. Concluded and the condition of it 325. Between the Venetians and Soliman 573. Concluded between the Emperour Charles the 5. and Francis King of France and the conditions 604 Prelates of Rome how handled by the Germans in the sack of that city 252. Princes of Italy call in forrain Nations to their own ruine 45. Princes named in the confederacy between Charles the 5. and the Venetians 200. Princes of Italy affrighted at the great forces of Charles the 5. 315. Much troubled for the death of Paul the 3.629 A treacherous Priest hanged up by one foot in Venice and there stoned by the common people 58. New Pretences of Francis King of France for the State of Milan 94. Of the Venetians for Ravenna 293. Proffers made by the French to the Venetians if they would enter into a League with them 370. by Charles the 5. to his brother Ferdinand if he would yeild the title of King of the Romans to his son King Philip 626. Prospero Colonna in the Imperial camp 27. Disswades from the enterprise of Trevigi 51. Iâ— declared by Pope Leo General of the Ecclesiastick army 174. Assaults Milan and takes it 177 178. Raises the siege before Pavia 184. Takes Lodi and Cremona 189. Upon the Frenchmens passage into Italy provides for the Cities of Lombardy 208. Q THe Queen mother of France Negotiates with the Christian Princes for her son Francis his liberty 221. Meets at Cambray with Margaret of Austria to treat about a Peace between the Emperour and the King her son 313. R RAvenna desires of the Venetians a Commissary and a Garrison 256. By what right the Venetians held it 293. It is restored to the Pope 325. Renzo da Ceri Commander of the Garrison in Crema and his gallant carriage 33. Defends Crema against the Imperialists 65 Being declared by the Venetians General of the Horse will not accept of the place 67. Frees Crema from the siege 80 81. Takes in Bergamo 85. Makes a Truce with Milan and goes to Venice 86. Quits the service of the Venetians and goes to Rome 107 Rome taken by the Duke of Burbon and sacked by the Imperial Army 250. Much affrighted at the coming of Barbarossa with the Turkish Fleet to Ostia 593 S SAvii del Conâ—iglio what Office it is in Venice 366 A Sea-fight near Naples between the Imperialists and the French 282 Skirmishes between the Venetians and the Imperialists at Valeggio and Anfo 132 133. The Imperialists and French at Bicocca 185 186. The Imperialists and Venetians before Monopoli 306 307. The Duke of Urbine and the Spaniards 311 312 Soliman confirms the Truce to the Venetians 164. Is very curteous to them 265. Threatens to drive Charls the 5th out of the Empire pretending that it belonged to him 343. Shews himself an enemy to the Venetians and why 364. Passeth with a mighty Army to Vallona with a designe for Italy 368. makes peace with the Venetians 575. Sends his Fleet to the King of France 594. A friend to what is just and honest 610 Spaniards under the conduct of the Viceroy of Naples against the Venetians 27. Take Brescia and Bergamo for the Emperour 28. Fall upon the Venetian Camp 45 Defend Brescia beâ—â—eged by the Venetians 119. Those which took Rome would fain carry the Pope Prisoner into Spain â—â—4 Stefano Tiepolo General of the Venetian Fleet. 593. 〈…〉 dâ—ur to Soliman in Hungary 597. Chosen General of the forces in Terra
he was the more fervent herein for that he thought he had just cause to undertake this War since new reasons were added to the ancient pretences which the Kingdom of France had to that State for he had married Claudia eldest daughter to King Lewis to whom the state of Millan might seem to belong her Father being â—on to a daughter of Iovan Galleazo Visconte But the desire of redeeming the ancient reputation of the French Militia which he knew was much lessened by the unfortunate success of the battle before Novara by the dishonourable conventions made with the Switzers at Dijune and by the loss of two noble cities Terroana and Tornai which were taken by the English prevailed most with this young King who was desirous of Military Glory Which mischiefs King Lewis could not remedy for just when Fortune began to smile upon him and that the honour of France began to revive he dyed Francis therefore thought he had a fair occasion offer'd him of doing what he so much desired if by his Forces he should win a noble Dukedom which did of right belong unto him by which Enterprize the Glory of his name would be much increased and the Power of France and whereby way would be made for greater atchievements He therefore together with the Government of the Kingdom took upon him the same thoughts of renewing the War in Italy wherein his Father in Law Lewis had been much vers'd And knowing that Friendship with the State of Venice might make much towards his getting the Victory as soon as he had taken the Crown upon him he writ kind and affectionate Letters to the Senate wherein he acquainted them with his being King and shewing a ready and good affection towards the Common-wealth he seemed to desire to know their opinion touching their renewing of their League with the Kingdom of France and that if he should find them disposed like himself the League and ancient Friendship might easily be renewed to the common good He made the Bishop of Aste signifie as much unto them who was then in Venice having been sent Embassadour thither by King Lewis Wherefore the Venetians who at the same time coveted friendship with the French and desired that they would come into Italy and who as soon as they had heard of Lewis his death had charged their Embassadour Marco Dandalo that he should endeavour to pry into the secret counsels and intentions of the new King and should begin to treat of renewing the confederacy when they had received these Letters and Embassies from the King seeming to put an high esteem upon his Friendship they humbly thanked him for his affection to the Commonwealth and for his desire to assist them They promised to correspond with him in love and affection saying they knew very well how much it imported both of them to keep the Forces of France and theirs joyn'd together by reciprocal obligations of League That they were therefore ready to renew the present League and would always be ready to assist him in getting some Footing in Italy and in aggrandizing his Power so as he might be a terrour to his Enemies and a friend and sure help to the Common-wealth Moreover the Embassadours who were sent as you have heard to the Kings of France and England and who being upon their journey had tarried at Lyons after Lewis his death were ordered to go on and had commissions sent them to renew the League with the King of France These when they were come to Court did easily renew the League upon the former Articles To which the King was already so much inclined and treated with such fervency of the Affairs of Italy as he labour'd in all his discourses with the Venetian Embassadours to shew them what reasons had moved him to undertake this War affirming that he would never lay down Arms till he had gotten the state of Millan and till the Common-wealth had recovered all the Cities which she had lost and were returned to her former Dignity The Venetians were very glad of this the Kings resolutions and fearing lest this so great fervency might as it often falls out be by some new accident abated they shewed him how that the chiefest hopes of Victory lay in expedition to the end that the Enemy whose Forces were now much diminished and their resolutions doubtful and uncertain might not have time to recrute and re-assume courage and that the City of Crema this mean while which was known by experience might be a great help towards the recovery of Millan might not run any farther hazard which having for so many years undergone the inconveniences of War was now brought to great extreamity and that the Truce made with their Enemies being now near an end stood them in no stead for they had heard it credibly reported that Prospero Colonna had assembled his Forces together from all parts and prepared to besiege that City That the Senate would not be wanting in any thing that was in them to do who had already begun to raise new Souldiers and to provide Arms Money and Ammunition Moreover that though the War were chiefly to be made by Land-men yet thinking it not fit to lay aside the thought of ordering their Fleet that they might upon occasion therewith molest the Enemy they had resolved to rig out many Gallies entreating his Majesty that he would do the like The Embassadours having thus done all they had in command with the King at Paris they went into England to fulfill the other part of their Embassie where being graciously received they shewed in their first Audience The Venetians great sorrow for the death of King Lewis husband to King Henry's Sister a great Friend to the Common-wealth They then told the King how highly the Common-wealth was bound unto him for that in the Agreement made formerly with King Lewis and lately with King Francis he desired that she as a Friend and sharer with him in all his Fortunes might be particularly named and included in the League But afterwards at a more private Audience they earnestly desires him that he would by his Authority and by his exhortations confirm the King of France in the mind he seemed to be in of intending the Affairs of Italy and of sending assistance speedily to the Venetians and that in the mean time peace and friendship should be held inviolably between them from which great safety was to arise to both their States and much advantage to all Christendom that the Senate of Venice for their parts would never be wanting in any thing which might make for the gâ—od of the Crown of France or that of England and did very much desire that these present Kings as their Predecessors had done might know that the Common-wealth was much bound and tyed unto them This Embassie being done Giustiniano stay'd behind with Henry to treat of the Common-wealths affairs but Pasquillio return'd to France and being come to Paris he met with Letters and
that it would be his Fate to return the Dignity of the Empire in Italy by his Forces to its former greatness Therefore they who thought they saw more into Leo's intentions were of opinion that his chief aim was to take the Venetians off from the friendship of the French Which if he could not do yet that by the weakening of their Forces those of the King of France would likewise be weakened he being a friend and confederate of the Common-wealths whose greatness moved thereunto either by hatred or fear the Pope could not tolerate Whereas he was less jealous of Cesar's Forces as well in his own respect as of that of the Church by reason of his natural light headedness by reason of his paucity of men and want of monies for which reasons he thought his greatness could never be so well grounded but that it might by some chance be made to toâ—ter Thus did this year end mens minds being variously possess'd with hope and fear and not knowing what the end of so many evils would be for in the beginning of the next year which was the year of our Lord 1516 and the 8th year from the time that all Italy and especially the State of Venice began to be sorely molested with War new Preparations for Arms and evident signs of future troubles began to appear Souldiers were taken into pay every where more means were used for the renewing of War then was before and chiefly the Venetians refusing all Treaties of Peace or of new Leagues and being return'd to besiege Brescia with great hopes of gaining it were resolute to continue the War till such time as they should have gotten that City either by force or by voluntary surrender Cesar also who had not been himself in person in any of the Armies the last year past but managing the War by his Captains had not managed it over well re-assuming his former thirst after War sought to raise commotions in all parts and to augment his Forces that he might molest the affairs of Italy he called many Dyets craved aids muster'd men sent for Commanders but he chiefly sollicited the Switzers to take up Arms and to revenge the death of their valiant companions promising to be their Leader and to be willing to share with them in all labour and danger The King of England did the like out of envy to the King of France his recent glory and out of anger that he had taken the King of Scotland into his protection The Pope with the like intention but more secretly endeavour'd the same with the Switzers All these affirm'd that the Switzers could undertake no War which could bring them greater glory or richer booty then that of Italy which being already begun must now again be renewed with greater Forces They moreover promis'd them some pay for their Souldiers but much hopes of greater advantage which they might always have by their Friendship This mean time the Venetian Commanders Lautrech being already come as hath been said with aid to their camp held many Councils and did differ in their opinions touching the managing of the War Some were for the raising of the Siege from before Brescia and for carrying the whole Army to Verona for which they alledged that that City now that their veterane Souldiers were gone to relieve Brescia was but weakly garrison'd and that the Enemy had made no provision for necessary defence as not suspecting any such thing then But the season of the year made much against this opinion for the Camp could not without great inconvenience be removed in the midst of Winter nor the Souldiers be led to a new Enterprize Besides it might appear a rash thing to change greater hopes of getting Brescia with the uncertainty of what might befall about Verona for the condition of Brescia being considered it was evidently seen that unless they did intermit their begun works the Town must of necessity fall into their hands either by force or by surrender it was apparent that the City was in great want of money Corn and of all sort of Victuals the Commanders were at oddes within themselves the Souldiers weary of being long besieged and by reason of many sufferings rather ready to mutiny then to fight and the Citizens as well by reason of their new grievances laid upon them by their new Masters as out of their ancient affection to the Venetians desirous of Novelties and ready upon any accident to drive the Garrison out of the City Moreover the Defendants were reduced to a small number for the Foot who were come a little before to assist the Besieged seeing that with diversity of opinion but no resolution many discourses had been had of leading the Souldiers forth to fight and that the scarcity of Victuals did daily increase were most of them gone from the City leaving the business unperfected These things being found by the report of many to be true it was by general consent agreed that they should keep their Quarters and attend with all diligence to straiten the City more Our Army abounded in all things for the Senate were so careful to provide all things requisite for War as though the Enemy strove much to hinder it all their endeavours proved vain Amongst the rest Mark Antonio Colonna endeavour'd often by sending his Souldiers out of Verona to keep the Army from victuals and by laying ambushes to intercept the monies which were sent to the Venetian camp To which purpose he kept continually good store of Spanish Foot and Horse at the Town of Legnano which was now fallen into his power to block up all the ways of that Country and the Enemy growing daily more bold and offering at great matters they made incursion even to the Territories of Brescia which they might safely do because they saw the Venetian Army was busied about the Siege Wherefore the Captain General and Commissaries thought that it stood not with the honour and reputation of that Army to suffer that so few men should come so near hand to insult over them Wherefore having notice that Colonna endeavour'd to come into the confines of Mantua to block up that way likewise which as the safest was frequented by those that went to the camp Paolo Manfrone and Mercurio Bua were sent by our men to meet them and to fight them Who though they undertook the business couragiously yet did they not succeed well therein for Colonna having notice of their coming by his Scouts took with him some companies of veterane Souldiers and went speedily towards Valeggio where he had such advantage of place as he might chuse whether he would keep safe there or fight upon advantagious terms Our men and the Enemy entred at the same time by several ways into this Town and both of them strove to possess themselves of the Bridg which joyns the Town together being otherwise divided by the waters of Menzo each side hoping to repulse the Enemy and to make themselves Masters of the
the establishing of a Peace To the end that they might not be thought to disturbe so great a good to all Christendom out of any particular respects unto themselves But as for the motion which was particularly made unto them by Leo of making War against the Turks they answered when things should be hopefully begun and that they should be prosecuted with like fervour the State of Venice would be readier then any others for such an Enterprize nor would they at any time be wanting unto themselves to whom they knew the care of these common dangers did more particularly belong as being most concern'd therein Nor would they be backward in the good of all Christendom nor in obeying the Popes pious and earnest entreaties But that notwithstanding by reason of the condition of their State by Sea which was every where environed by the confines of this powerful Enemy and not being able with their much weaker Forces to withstand the first Onset of the Turks nor to sustain the War in their own Territories before the Ottoman Empire should be assaulted by the Armies and Fleets of the Confederates they could not be the first in declaring themselves Enemies to the Turks But Truce with Cesar being treated of by Antonio Iustiniano who was Embassadour for the Common-wealth with the King of France it was at last concluded upon these conditions That all Arms should be suspended for five years And that people might live peaceably in either State without either doing or receiving any injury That it might be lawful for Cesars and the Common-wealths Subjects to travel and traffique safely in each others Country as in time of Peace That each of them should keep such Towns as they were now possess'd of that all Prisoners of War should be released except Christopher Frangipane who was to be sent into France to be kept there that during the time of the Truce the Venetians should pay Cesar 20000 Duckets yearly And that the Venetians should pay the fourth part of what they had got by the Revenues of such as had followed Cesars party to the former Owners And the differences concerning the confines being many and hard to decide and chiefly in Friuli they could not as then come to any determinate end Cesars Commissioners saying that they had no orders nor power to treat thereof but the settlement in this point as in all other difficulties was left to the King of France as to the Authour of this agreement Wherein he afterwards decreed that the Emperour and the Venetians should chuse Commissioners who meeting in Verona whither he would likewise send one who should represent his name and authority should treat upon and resolve the business of confines The State of Venice chose Francisco Pesaro for them and acquainted the King of France therewith saying that they would be ready to send their Commissioner to the place appointed as soon as they should hear that Cesar was about to send his Whilst these things were a doing the Emperour Maximillian fell sick and dyed in the beginning of the year 1519. Whereupon the Souldiers that were in Garrison at Gradisca and Marano entring licentiously into the confines of the Common-wealth plunder'd many of the Venetians Subjects Houses and committed many other Hostile Acts wherefore the Senate write Letters to the Viccars of the Empire telling them that for their parts they would not violate the Truce nor innovate any thing for Maximillians death provided that the Commanders and Souldiers of the Empire should abstain from doing injuries Which being by them praised and embraced the Truce was afterwards inviolably observed on all sides Now they began to treat of chusing the Emperour whereunto Francis King of France and Charles King of Spain did chiefly pretend Princes of rare endowments of mind and very eminent for Fortune but very formidable by reason of their great power The Princes of Italy were not a little troubled at this Election considering that whether of these two should be exalted to the Dignity of the Empire when they should have the reputation of the Empire added to the already potent Forces of their own Kingdomes and be made much greater then the other by the help of Germany he would endeavour to drive the other out of whatsoever he possess'd in Italy and so this Counterpoise being taken away they would at last bend their thoughts upon making themselves Masters of all Italy for ambition does always increase in great Princes together with new acquisitions and the unquenchable thirst of Government grows greater Therefore such an Election could not but be bad for Italy Yet ballancing all things well it was thought less dangerous for Italy that the King of France should be made Emperour then the King of Spain for they considered that the former as being a Stranger would be of much less power in Germany and that the French Nation as it is very hot and violent at the first so not being very constant to its purposes often times neglects and gives over those very things which it did before so much desire and endeavour wherefore the French are commonly thought better at getting then at keeping The Italians hoped that the Empire of the French in Italy though it were great might by some accident decline and at last be extinguished Which was not to be hoped for in the Spaniards who when they have once much inlarged their Dominions and laid a good ground-work for it all labour and endeavour to drive them out would be but in vain These were the reasons which did chiefly move the Pope and the Venetians to favour the King of France in this his standing for the Empire His Embassadours which he had sent to Rome and to Venice for this purpose were therefore willingly listned unto But to boot with all this Monsieur de Taligni who was sent by the King for this purpose to the State of Venice made several other propositions He desired the loan of a good sum of money that his King when he should be declared Emperour might have wherewith to supply many gifts and great expences which he was to be at and moreover that the Venetians would forthwith send some Souldiers into Germany to secure the Electors from any violence And that the Senate would declare what was to be done if Charles should enter Italy with an Army as it was given out he would do to go to Rome and force the Pope to free him from the Oath which he took from Julius the second when he was invested in the Kingdom of Naples note that it was decreed by Pope Urban that whosoever should possess that Kingdom should not take upon him the Imperial Dignity which was the chief reason why Leo used means to the Electors to keep Charles from being chosen Emperour To which demands the Senate answered That the Common-wealth was so highly obliged to the King as that they wish'd him all prosperity for they had always thought that whatsoever addition of State or Honour
this condition Pope Leo died whereupon the face of things did soon much alter This Pope was famous for many vertues particularly for his Princely liberality and munificence wherewith he cherished and befriended the Litterati and all such as were excellent in any knowledg But he would have left a better memory of his Popedom behind him if he had not obscured his glory by busying himself and others in troublesome Wars and suffering himself to be somtimes transported by his affections He seemed both by his words and intercessions to be well affected to the Commonwealth and to desire her greatness yet covering his contrary proceedings by various pretences he was alwaies a back friend to her It was evidently seen that the reputation of the Colleagues would be much lessened by the Pope's death for the Switzers who by reason of their confederacy renewed much to their advantage with the King of France were alwaies troubled to be led on against him having already begun their wonted tumults when they heard that Leo was dead they presently left the Camp and the State of Milan and it was thought that the Colledge of Cardinals would at their first meeting recal the Churches forces out of Romagna whereby great opportunity appeared to be offered for the recovery of the State of Milan with as much ease as it was lost before the City not being over-well Garrison'd and the Enemy not having sufficient forces in the field to succour it Moreover the Town was full of confusion the people were very ill satisfied with the Imperialists by reason of the many mischiefs done by the Switzers Spanish and Dutch foot hating them and their Nations almost as much now as they had formerly done the French and the Cardinals of Medices and Sedunences were gone from the camp that they might be present at the election of the new Pope and by their absence the authority of the League and all mens observancy thereof was much lesned Out of these respects as also to free their Territories from the expence of feeding the French the Venetians hasted to raise souldiers every where taking the greatest part of the Garrisons from their Cities they â—hose also new Commanders for Malatesâ—a Baglione and some others had foregone the Venetian pay that they might recover their particular States in the vacancy of the Apostolike Sea But the hopes of good success consisted chiefly in the Protection which the Switzers had taken with much fervency of the French affairs and of the recovery of the State of Milan in the last Dyet of Lucerna to which purpose they had by resolution of the same Dyet sent some to Venice to desire the Senate that they would continue their forwardness in favouring the affairs of France and to make good their Articles of confederacy promising that they would take upon them to defend those who should in this case help and adhere unto the king of France wherefore Lautrech reassuming courage resolved though it were in the very depth of winter to move with those men which he had got together and to enter the Territories of Milan But Colonna this mean while minded the mending of the Rampiers and inlarging the Platformes and the securing of Milan by many other works the Garrison whereof which consisted onely of Spanish Foot was much increased by the Dutch who were first brought from Como to Marignano and from thence to Milan The Marquess of Mantua was no less diligent in Lodi where he had 200 Horse and but a few Foot The French and Venetian Commanders falling to consult what they had best do at first many things were propounded with some difference of Opinion Frederico di Bozzuolo propounded the sudden assaulting of Parma and Piacenza wherein there were but weak Garrisons and those made yet the weaker by the uncertainty of the Switzers Loyalty it being gathered by some discourse which had been had with them that they would pass over to the French camp But it being necessary that to effect this the whole Army must be carried beyond the River Poe it was openly gainsaid by the Venetian Commissary as a thing wherein there was more danger then hopes of good success especially since they could not very well guard the Pope so as they might at their pleasure retire He therefore was for carrying all their men to Cremona and for getting the country thereabouts the greatest part whereof held for the Spaniards and that then they might make use of time and occasion in falling upon other enterprises Thus both of them persisting in their opinion it was resolved that neither of these counsels being fully allowed of nor yet fully rejected Frederick should pass the Poe with part of the forces and draw near Parma but without any artillery because if his design did not succeed he might retreat the sooner and without danger and that the rest of the French Army and all the Venetians should return to Cremona But affairs not falling out succesfully about Parma Bozzuolo without making any atempt upon Piacenza returned to joyn with Lautrech who was already gotten into the Territories of Cremona and this was all that was at that time done and wherewith the year 1521 ended But the two great Princes Charles the Emperour and Francis king of Fance were still set hot upon war which foretold great combustions in Italy and other Provinces in the beginning of the next year The French Army being now very strong for many Switzers were come unto their Camp and the Venetians who were then 6000 Foot 600 Curassiers and 800 Light-horse being already thereunto joyned Lautrech by the consent of the other Commanders resolved to attend the final issue of the Warr and to march towards Milan Being therefore advanced with the whole Army the French encamped themselves at Cassano and the Venetians at Binasco upon the Road that leads from Pavia to Milan to hinder the Victuals which were brought by that way Whilest they were in these quarters some Companies of Switzers and some Troups of French Horse were sent to Novara which place not being time enough relieved by the Marquis of Mantua who was come out of Pavia to thâ—â— end it was easily taken and sacked by the Assalliants and Philip Torniello Commander of the adverse Partie was made Prisoner Novarra being taken Vigevena soon surrendred which purchase was thought the greater because it opened the way for Succours which were expected from France to come and join with the Camp in hopes whereof they did the more easily bear with many hardships which the camp began already to undergoe for want of monies and through other inconveniences there being no hopes of bringing the War to a final good end without other new and important succours the King of France had given out that he would come himself into Italy and being gon in the beginning of April to Lyons hee sent the Admiral there forwards to Granople and gave order for the levying of 12000 Foot of several Nations being very sollicitous
come unto your ear which is That the assignment of this City and of the neighbour City Malvesia over to Soliman by the agreement made at Constantinople was a resolution put on by necessity not by choice You may have known upon many occasions but chiefly in these your last troubles wherein to assist you the Common-wealth readily exposed a great part of her Forces to great dangers what love she hath alwaies born unto you She hath furnisht you with Monies Souldiers and Victuals to keep you from falling into the hands of the Enemy who threatned to put you all unto the sword and to lay your City desolate Nothing hath been left undone to keep you her dear and well beloved subjects from falling into the power of others very great Fleets have been prepared immeasurable expences In fine for this cause the weight of an insupportable War hath been the longer sustain'd And what greater sign can the Common-wealth shew of the affection she bears you in the present condition of affairs and in this your afflicted Fortune then that which she now does by promising to give other convenient habitations where she might best to those who shall desire to go from hence to keep them in her protection to assist savour and nourish them It hath been said by wise men that that place ought to be truly thought a mans owns Country where a man can injoy any good And what is better and more to be desired than to live under the Goâ—vernment of a moderte and just Prince Fortune though never so averse hath not been able to bereave you of this You shall continue under the Dominion of the Common-wealth you shall have abodes allotted you in another Country where you may live though not so commodiously as here yet freer from the perpetuall fear and danger of the Turks to which it may be said you were continually exposed Many men being too numerous at home have of their own choice parted from thence and committing themselves to fortune have quitted their native Country to get new and uncertain habitations by force of Arms To have a safe and certain place of refuge in times of misery hath wont to be so great a consolation as greater prosperity hath often made men forget what was past 'T is true it had been more to be desired to have still lived in peace that the Enemy had never besieged this City that they had not set their minds upon subduing it or in such a case to have had Forces sufficient to repulse them and to revenge injuries But since neither of these hath been either in our power or in yours in the condition wherein we are what is there more to be done than for us to play the part of a good Prince and Pastor by keeping your persons in our protection since we are not able to carry away the walls and houses of this City and for you to rejoyce at this your Prince his affection and to accommodate your selves to Time and Necessity your persons shall be preserved your posterity educated and you valiant Fathers shall be get generous Children Who knows but that they may work your revenge Great is the vicissitude of worldly affairs and the greatest Empires are as well subject thereunto as other things Our Common-wealth will assuredly be alwaies ready to take up Arms against these Enemies when there shall be such an union amongst Christian Princes as it may behoped Christendom may reap good thereby Therefore as it is necessary so is it wisely and safely donne to seek to live and to hope for better things Whilst the General spoke tears fell from all the Auditors eyes occasioned no lesse through tendernesse of affection then through griefe The Generall used afterwards the like words with those of Malvesia whereupon the Inhabitants being a little comforted after the sorrow they suffered for so sad newes most of them prepared to be gone taking what they had of best along with them and soon after in November the Articles of Peace being confirm'd Commissary Contarini went to those shores with 20 Gallies and many other ships of severall sorts whereinto having taken all the Artillery Ammunition Goods Souldiers and persons of those Inhabitants who would depart He by Orders from Constantinople delivered up the keys of those two Cities to Cassin Basshaw of Morea who with some few entred the Towns and after our men were gone the Gates were opened and free entrance was given to the Soudliers who were there abouts Things being thus brought to a peacefull condition the Generall and the Commissary disarmed leaving out only the usuall number of Gallies to guard the Gulph and for the safety of Navigation But when Commissary Contarini came to Venice he was commanded by Pietro Mocenico Advocate for the Commons to come into the Advocate 's Court and give an account according to the Senate's Order three years before of what â—ad hapned at Puglia when he sunk the Turkish Galley but the businesse being argued in the Senate and Contarini's cause defended by many of the Senators the Advocates command was taken off and he freed of all fault the occasions being ceased which had made his fault appear the greater his worth remaining in him which had alwaies been commended by all men and his deserts increased by the service he had done during all this Warre Nicolo da Ponte pleaded amongst others in his defence who speaking often in the Senate began to be highly esteemed for his Eloquence and growing to greater dignity after many years imployment in the highest concerns of the Common-wealth is arrived at the Principalitie which he now worthily possesseth The year 1540. brought forth no other more noble accidents being memorable enough for the Peace made with the Turks wherein the Common-wealth prosperously continued for the space of thirty years her affairs in Terra forma being likewise quiet at the same time by her friendship with the Christian Princes so as I shall have but little to write of these times yet because the Senate being made acquainted with the chief businesses which past between the Christian Princes interposed her Counsel and Authority either in respect of her selfe or others I will relate in this my History such passages of these Times as do appear to me most memorable and for some concernments of the Common-wealth which I have undertook to write of The End of the Tenth Book THE HISTORY OF VENICE Written by PAULO PARUTA BOOK XI THE CONTENTS THe hopes of peace and quietnesse soon vanisheth upon new accidents The death of the King of Hungary and Ferdinando's pretentions to the Kingdome Soliman distasted and War made by him upon the House of Austria New distastes between Caesar and the King of France The King of France is much troubled at the death of his Ambassadour Rincone What Caesar's designes appeared to be The Venetians resolve to be Newters They excuse themselves to the Pope for not granting him Vicenza for the Councill to be held in An
Ambassadour from Soliman at Venice how received and treated How the Venetians treated with other Princes A League propounded to them by Caesar but not accepted The Emperour passeth into Affrica hath bad successe The King of France goes against him His Ambassadour speaks in the Seâ—aâ—e to make them joyne with France to the prejudice of the Emperour He is answered He goes to Constantinople The King of France assaults divers of the Emperours Towns but does but little good He is angry with the Common-wealth for severall accidents by wrong information given him the truth being known he is appeased The taking of Marano troubles the Senate Provision made for the restitution thereof A Fort destroyed by the Rebells An accommodation treated thereupon proves very difficult Great rumours and preparations of War in the year 1543. The Venetians Neutrality They are troubled by reason of the Turkish Fleet which puts out sacks Reggio passeth to Marcelles besiegeth Neece which yields unto it and retires to Marcelles The Emperour in Italy As he goes for Germany he speakes with the Pope Receives the Duke of Cleves into favour Soliman in Hungary His proceedings Marano assigned over to the Venetians by Strozzitia Dyet in Spire The Emperour 's and the King of France's thoughts The Cardinall Ferrara's speech in the Senate wherein he pretends to draw the Venetians to confederate with the King of France The Senate's resolution and answer The reasons why they do not yield unto him Treaties of peace between Caesar and the King how made and why The conclusion and conditions thereof Severall discourses thereupon The successe of the Turks Fleet. The Turks not pleased with the newes of peace between the Christians Treaties of peace with Soliman and the accommodation between King Ferdinando and the Common-wealth Little good comes of either of them Differences between the Venetians and the Turks They are accommodated to the honour and advantage of the Common-wealth the peace of Italy much endangered and wherefore Parma and Piacenza given in Fee by the Pope to the dislike of Caesar who doth openly oppose it The King of France prospers not well with the English nor the Emperour with the Protestants He is solicited by the Pope to take up Arms against them and is assisted with Souldiers The Venetians consent not thereunto The Protestants move Endeavours used with the Senate and their answer The dissolution of their Army and Caesars victory Cardinal Allessandro Fernese comes to Venice A discourse of the Venetian Nobility The state of the affairs of Germany The Popes and the Emperours distates Caesar's victory against Frederick of Saxony His designes and what he does to get footing in the Dukedom of Millan The King of France and the King of England's death The succession of their children and Ambassadours sent from the Common-wealth to both the Crowns The occasion of breach of peace between the English and French The Pope joynes with the King of France against Caesar. The death of Pier Luigi and the taking of Piacenza The Venetians are solicited to joyne with the Pope and with the King of France but will not forego Caesar's friendship the reasons which induce them thereunto An answer given to the Pope and to the King of France Considerations touching the Pope The state of affairs in the year 1548. The King of France his intentions and the Popes His endeavours with divers How Philip the Emperour's son is received in Italy and how by the Common-wealth What Soliman's successe was against the Persians He makes truce with Ferdinand The conditions thereof Distastes between the Pope and Caesar and what succeeded thereupon The Pope's death Why the Venetians were never interressed in creating Popes Paul the third is chosen Pope THE Peace being in manner aforesaid established between Soliman and the Venetians all men hoped that Forces were to cease in all parts amongst Princes and that there should be a happy and peaceable time after so sore wars For Soliman seemed very well inclined to make a long and generall Truce with all Christian Princes wherein the French Ambassadour having laboured much he said it was now as good as concluded and these his speeches were the rather believed for that though the Fleet was ready to go forth yet Barbarossa's departure was delayed nor was there any preparation of an Army which might occasion jealousie of land-enterprises Truce was already confirmed in Paris between Caesar and the King of France upon the same terms as it had been by the Pope's means made formerly at Nece and all demonstrations of confidence and reconciliation past between them whilst Caesar taking France in his way to Flanders stayed some daies with the King which made men hope that these Princes laying aside their antient enmities were to joyne in a good and secure peace But new accidents hapned which as human affairs are subject to easie alterations did soon change the face of affairs and did totally confound these formerly conceived hopes of quiet For Iohn King of Hungary dying and leaving an infant-son of his newly born by his wife Issabella daughter to Sigismund King of Polonia Ferdinando King of the Romans pretended that according to the last agreement made with that King which was That the succession of that Kingdom should appertain to him and not to the son of King Iohn raised suddainly a great many Souldiers wherewith he quickly assailed the Kingdom took Alba Regale Visgrado Pesto and some other Towns of Hungary And at the same time sent Ierolimo Lasco to Constantinople to treat with Soliman that he might hold that Kingdom upon the same tearms as it was held by King Iohn The Queen Dowager widow to King Iohn had likewise recourse to Constantinople endeavouring by a solemn Embassy of the prime Barons of that Kingdome that the Turks would aid her in maintaining her son in the possession of that Kingdom which was by them preserved unto his father Soliman thought himselfe hereby doubly injured by Ferdinando First for having assaulted a Kingdome recommended to him and which he had taken into his protection And then that he should demand those things by his Ambassadour which he howsoever endeavoured to get by force Whereat being much incensed he did not onely lay aside his former thoughts and good inclination which he seemed to have to peace and quiet but prepared great forces both by Land and Sea to assault the Territories of the House of Austria that so he might revenge this injurie upon Ferdinando and keep Charles so busied as he might not assist his brother Wherefore retracting what had been negotiated with Antonio Rincone the French Ambassadour touching the Truce he resolved to send him back to his King that he might acquaint him how he had changed his minde and that his thoughts were now bent upon War The Tumults in Flanders were already appeased which was the sooner effected by the severe punishment of the rebellion of Guant to the terrour of other Cities which being insued sooner then peradventure suted
making any mention of her but with much prejudice to her affairs and not acquainting her with any such resolution And that the estimation he seemed to put upon the Common-wealth proceeded onely from his own interests which when they were severed from those of the Common-wealth he valued her honour nor safety no longer Yet in this variety of opinions all agreed in preserving friendship with the Crown of France as they had done of late years without quitting their Neutrality Wherefore as soon as they heard of King Francis his death they chose two Embassadours Vector Grimani and Matteo Dandelo who were to go forthwith for France to condole according to custome with the new King and Court-Lords and then to congratulate the King's succession to the Crown affirming that the Common-wealth was willing and ready to continue peace with the same observancy with Henry as they had done with his father and according to the usuall and antient affection born by the Venetians to the Crown of France The Italians made lesse account of Henry's of England's death he being lesse interessed in the affairs of Italy by reason of the far distance of his State but the Venetians valued the friendship of that King and Kingdom more then the rest not for any reason of State but for that by holding good intelligence with the English they received many conveniences in their Merchandising for divers sorts of Merchandise were usually sent from Venice to England so as the commerce with that Nation was very advantageous to the Venetian-Citizens and Merchants Wherefore the Common-wealth kept usually an Embassadour in Ordinary in England who being upon some occasions removed in the time of war with France upon the ensuing peace the same King desired the Embassadour might return and Bernardo Navagiero was chosen for that employment whose journey was stopt by Henry's death who by reason of this commerce had tane a great affection to the Venetians and did much favour the affairs of the Common-wealth in her times of greatest trouble as may be known by the precedent Narrations And though being alter'd in his own conditions his minde was sometimes alter'd in this point and his friendship lessened he continued notwithstanding to make much of those of the Nation particularly of the Nobility in whom upon many occasions he did confide in many most important businesses and lately in the Treaty of peace with France he made use of Francesco Bernardo a young man full of spirit who for some occasions of his own kept in that Kingdom and past often by order from the King into France and was the chief instrument in making the peace King Henry was succeeded by his son Edward who not being yet eleaven years old the government of the Kingdom was put into the hands of some of the chief Barons The Senate chose Dominico Bolani their Embassadour for England who met with excellent correspondency in the chief Lords and those of greatest authority touching the maintenance of friendship and commerce with the Venetians with promises of giving fair entertainment to all Venetians who should come to that Island But the peace between the English and the French lasted but a while the Inhabitants of both Nations being naturally enemies for the King of Scotland having left one onely daughter heir to his Kingdom King Edward's Governours desired she might be married to their King so as those two Kingdoms might be joyned under one Government as they are joyned in neighbourhood But the Scots abhorring to be brought under the obedience of the King of England to preserve the honour of their Kingdom and through a naturall hatred which they bear to all the English would not give ear thereunto and had recourse to France for help if the English should endeavour to compell them by force of Arms promising their Queen to Henry for wise to one of his sons together with the succession of that Kingdom and obliging themselves to bring her into France as a pledge of their fidelity These offers were the readilier accepted by King Henry who took upon him the protection of the Infant-Queen and of the Kingdom of Scotland For that being desirous of acquiring new Dominions he was not well pleased with the agreement made by his father whereby the City of Bullen was to remain in possession of the English So that a bitter war began already to be kindled between these two Kingdoms Those that dreaded Cesar's power did much dislike to see the new King busied in this enterprise whereby he was to give over the thoughts of Italy and leave Cesar free to prosecute his own designes But of all others the Pope was most troubled hereat who not onely for the common cause but for his own private interests also had designed to bridle Cesar's greatnesse by the French forces He therefore resolved to send Cardinall St. George into France to procure as it was given out that the French Prelates might come to the Councill of Bullognia but indeed to make the King set his minde to oppose Cesar's greatnesse offering him therein his friendship and assistance Whereunto Henry willingly listned as he who being strangely ambitious of warlick glory would not let any occasion slip of making war upon hopes of doing some remarkable action for which the Pope was thought a very fit instrument in regard of his forces for the opportunity of affairs in Italy and much more in respect of his authority Wherefore being easily perswaded to attempt novelties he set his minde upon encreasing his faction in Italy by all means that he might and to gain friends and amongst the rest he sent for Pietro Strozzi whom he honoured with the Order of St. Michael which was then in great esteem and given onely to people of great birth and such as had deserved very well of the Crown of France esteeming him for the vivacity of his spirit for his being an enemy to quietnesse and for his being greatly followed by out-lawed Florentines and others to be an apt instrument to make some important commotion for the service of the Crown of France by disturbing the affairs of Italy He also fomented the rising of those of Sâ—enna and incited them to defend their Liberties out of hopes of his assistance but the Pope and King of France between whom a union was already setled and confirm'd Horatio Fernese Son to Pier Luigi having married a naturall daughter of Henries bent chiefly all their indeavours to get the Venetian Senate to joyn with them whereupon they thought they were to ground their chief foundation of attempting any thing in Italy against Caesar to which purpose the King sent Monsieur de Soissonne to Venice a man of great account for his births sake and to the same purpose made use of Monsieur de la Casa who was the Popes Nuncio there These hoped to finde the Venetians more ready hereunto than they had been formerly for what hath been already said of Cesars Atchievements and particularly in consideration of
said King not to offend one another nor to assist or favour either others enemies whereby some hopes of Peace was commenc'd and moreover the Venetians agreed to renew their former interrupted confederacy with the King but with a particular condition of not being bound to assist him in this present business These things being privately concluded the Senate excusing themselves for not making their men advance answered the Emperour's Agents who still prest for a resolution That they could not disobey the Pope the rather for that it was hoped Peace would ensue thereupon whereof the Pope with Cesar's consent had begun to Treat they therefore would not interrupt it by fomenting the War or occasioning the prolongation thereof The agreement being thus established the King sent Monsieur di Ron Cafore to congratulate the concluded League and to testifie his continual good will towards the Commonwealth though through the malignity of times and through various accidents their friendships had been interrupted He exhorted the Senate not to trust the Imperialists and promised that he would never forego the Common-wealths friendship He afterwards desired that this League which was privately concluded should be presently published wherein he found the Venetians of the same opinion thinking it would be a means that when the Imperialists should know those Forces were now against them which they hoped would have helped them to make them quit the possession of that Dukedom which they knew they could not keep and so come to some agreement whereas on the contrary nourishing themselves with hope of being assisted by the Venetians they would continue making provision for war and growing in time stronger it would be harder to come to any agreement afterwards But the Pope advised the contrary alledging That it was fit this confederacy should be kept secret to the end of reducing the Imperialists to greater necessity and danger which they would be when the French should be past over the Po as they said they would do promising that they would pass back again whensoever the Pope should please but he was forc'd almost to discover it being to grant passage to the Duke of Albenyes men who was sent as hath been said by the King of France into the Kingdom of Naples Wherefore the Pope seeming as if the Duke had violently usurped licence to pass with his men thorow the State of the Church and Tuscany and that he was wholly minded to stand a Neuter and to endeavour a general Peace He began to proceed with protestations admonishing both the Princes to lay down Arms and to put whatsoever either of them was possessed of in the State of Milan into his hands that so they might come to make a firm Peace wherefore the Imperialists growing jealous that the Pope had agreed secretly with the King of France as indeed he had and might seek to bring over the Venetians also to the French party they offered the Senate to refer the investing of Francisco Sfâ—rza to them and the pitching upon what sum of money the Duke should pay unto the Imperialists for it which the Venetians refused to do saying That such a decision did not belong unto them but to the Pope There were many things which past at the same time between the Imperialists and the King of England to move him to make War the next year against the King of France to the which purpose the Cavalier Cassal was come to the Imperial Camp which made the Imperialists more fervent in their own defence for that they hoped the King of France being molested in his own Kingdoms might be forced to pass speedily back again over the mountains to defend his own affairs the convention made between him and the Pope and the Venetians being not yet published For the news being confirmed of great preparations made by the King of England which was thought would make the French turn their forces elsewhere the Venetians did not much minde the divulging of it But the event of the business of Lombardy and of all those councels was finally to depend upon the success of Pavia the Siege whereof continued longer then was expected whereat the Pope and the Venetians were exceedingly troubled not so much for that the length thereof did much defacilitate the good end of the business as that they feared the French Commanders impatient of so long delay might perswade the King to come to a day of Battel with the Enemy whereby together with that Army the safety of their States and of the Liberty of all Italy would be put to the arbitriment of Fortune and Italy having no other means of making opposition would be left in prey to the Imperialists if they should prove victorious Whereat the Venetian Senate being troubled they did very much solicite Ronchfancora laying before him that the interest of the Confederates and the Kings own safety and glory and victory did wholly consist not in hazarding any thing but in making good use of time and of his enemies disorders and wants The like desires the Pope made likewise known to Alberto da Carpi Embassadour at Rome and did also send an express messenger with the same desires to the Camp But all these endeavours did but little good the King shewing himself every day more and more resolved not to rise from before Pavia but rather if the Enemy should draw nearer come unto a Battel whereby he was unnecessitated to hazard his own fortune and the like of his confederates which were all exposed to danger Wherefore the Pope the Venetians and Florentines resolveâ— to joyn in a defensive League for the preservation of their own States being to this purpose to take ten thousand Switzers into pay upon the common expence and each of them to encrease their own forces as much as they could which things whilst they were slowly and with various resolutions discuss'd the rout of the French Army ensued together with the death of many of the chief Lords of the Kingdom and the imprisonment of the Kings own person The Cesarians were come from Lodi to relieve Pavia which was reduced to a great scarcity of all things they being gotten to be strong enough and for Foot almost equal to the French Army though far inferiour to them in Horse and drawing near to the French Camp they forced the King either to suffer them to relieve Pavia or to come to a day of Battel the thing which they desired that they might put their desperate affairs to the utmost tryal and fortune favouring their forwardness they had the opportunity of assaulting the King in the Park where he contrary to the opinion of his best experienced Commanders would needs stay So as the French not being able to come into the field till it was too late nor to make use of their Horse wherein they did exceed the enemy the whole Army was routed and put to flight and the King taken Prisoner Monsieur d'Alanson only escaping with the Reer This so great and
the streets This mortality was followed with such a sterility of the earth and with such a scarcity of corn for humane life proceeding either for want of manuring the fields or for that heavens anger was not as yet appeased as not only people of mean condition but even those that had wont to abound in wealth being reduced to great poverty and feeding upon the vilest of meats went begging their bread in such sort as this most noble country being made a receptacle of Souldiers and such as were her most capital enemies was abandoned by Citizens and by the Court and became a horrid and lothsome spectacle so as it might be truly affirmed of her Behold a City reduced to solitude and enslaved which had wont to command all Nations The End of the Fifth Book THE HISTORY OF VENICE Written by PAULO PARUTA BOOK VI. THE CONTENTS THe Venetians are much troubled at the taking of Rome and therefore resolve to relieve the Pope The Cardinals that are at liberty chuse Bullognia for their residence Charls his Manifesto to clear himself from what had befallen Rome and his actions to the contrary The Venetians assist Francisco Sforza and the Cities of Romagnia The Duke of Urbin resolves to fight the Imperialists before Rome and is hindred by Commissary Vetturi who had Process made against him for it and was at last absolved and the distastes between him and the Duke of Urbin agreed who sends his wife and son to Venice The Imperialists of Rome sack Terni and Narni The Florentines ratifie the League The Venetians send two thousand Foot to guard Bullognia The Pope enclines to the Agreement and concludes it upon dishonourable terms The Venetians provide for their State and advise upon the way of making war Lautrech's actions construed ill by the Senate who send an Ambassadour to France Pavia is taken and sackt Doria's actions with the Genueses and Fregosa's against the Adorni The unhappy success of the Venetian Fleet at Sardinia for which Antonio Marcello is punished The Venetians growing jealous of Lautrech bring their men into Lombardy Treaties of Peace with Cesar succeed not and war is intimated by the Colleagues The Pope being freed by Cesar seems neutral and desires the restitution of some Towns from the Venetians who consult upon an answer and therefore send Gaspero Contarini Embassadour to Rome The Imperialists and the French Armies in the Kingdom of Naples The prosperous success of the French The Venetian Fleet annoy the Rivers of Puglia The Duke of Brunsick in Italy who being driven away by the Duke of Urbine return's quickly to Germany The Leagues good and bad success in the Kingdome of Naples with the death of Lautrech The disbanding of the Army The Genoueses put themselves into the Emperours protection whereat the French are much displeased Provision for war in Lombardy Pavia is assaulted by the Duke of Urbine and taken together with some other Towns The Venetians are carefull to preserve the Towns of Puglia A new request made by the Pope to the Senate for the restitution of the Towns pretended to The Senates Answer and their reasons The Princes desire Peace but the means how to compass it is not found The Senate resolves upon war who grow apprehensive of the French by reason of â—heir slender provisions and therefore â—orbear not to arm themselves well Various success of Arms in the Kingdome of Naples and in the State of Genua wherein the French prosper but badly and Monsieur St. Paul is taken prisoner Wise and Valiant actions of the Duke of Urbine His skirmish with the Imperialists whereby he makes them retreat to Milan The French treat of Peace with Cesar without the knowledg of the Venetians whereat the Senate is much distasted Cesar comes into Italy The â—greement made at Cambrai wherein the Venetians are excluded The Emperours pretences to the Towns of Puglia The Turks proceedings in Hungary makes him incline to Peace The Senate is much perplext who at last resolve to restore Cervia and Ravenna to the Pope and the cities of Puglia to the Emperour whereby an universal peace is established in Italy THe Senate of Venice was greatly troubled to hear of the taking and sacking of Rome and of the Pope's imprisonment Others were moved to compassionate the miserable misfortune of that noble and flourishing City the sad condition of so many Court Prelates and chiefly that of the Pope being brought from the most supream degree of reverence and authority into much lowness and danger and was still exposed to the fury of Arms and to many injuries others were sorely grieved at these proceedings of the Spaniards who they imagined would now neither want boldness nor fortune to attempt any thing to the prejudice of the Liberty of Italy especially since there was no slight occasion of jealousie that tâ—ey would carry the Pope prisoner into pain to the end that they might afterwards by their accustomed cunning and vain pretences possess themselves of the Churches dominion and make the way easier for themselves to be lords of Italy Wherefore the Venetians moved partly out of compassion and disdain for the injuries done unto the Pope and also out of State policy not to suffer Charles his fortune to increase further to their yet greater prejudice they resolved to concurre with all their forces to the freeing of the Pope and to spare neither cost nor danger therein Wherefore they gave strict order to the Duke of Urbine their captain General and to their Commissaries Pisani and Vetturi to advance with their Army and setting all other things aside to attend the relief of the Castle where the Pope was shut up and to use all possible means to set him at Liberty and to free him from danger and that they might not be disturb'd in this enterprise they fell forthwith to the raising of new foot whereby to add unto their army which was given them in Lombardy 10000 men more that they might therewithall encounter Antonio da Leva who being march'd into the field and meeting with no obstacle was likely to grow daily stronger by the succour which he expected from Germany The Venetians were much encouraged in this their intention and their hopes of good success was encreased by the great preparations which the Kings of France and England made to fall upon as they constantly gave out the Provinces of Flanders with their Armies and Fleet whereby to force the Emperour to reduce all his forces into those parts and to abandon the affairs of Italy These things did very much rescent what had happened to Rome for which respect the King of England hastned away the Cardinal of York who was sent to the court of France to take some order for the intervene and meeting of the two Kings wherein the chief thing to be treated of was the Popes freedome and the securing of the Ecclesiastical State nor did the King of France shew himself less forward herein who had immediately sent orders to
the most barbarous and Foe-Nations were called in to the prejudice and ruine of Christendom and the very State of Venice behoved to be concern'd therein all her Art and indeavours whereby she had fought amidst the troubles and dangers of others to preserve her selfe Newtrall amongst Princes and to keep friendship and peace with all not being able to free her You may know by what hath already been related what the thoughts of Francis King of France were and how he was bent to leave nothing unessay'd to weaken the power of Charles the Emperour and to revenge the so many injuries which he thought he had received from him Wherefore he had oft-times tri'd the Venetians and indeavoured by severall wayes to alienate them from Câ—sar And lastly he had sent Monsieur de Rhodes to Venice who filling the Senators with great hopes and promises laboured to make them alter their resolution of continuing in League with the Emperour but all to no purpose the Venetians being as firm in their faith to Cesar as they were far from desiring any thing which might disturb the quiet of Italy Wherefore Francis failing of this hope and his anger against Cesar increasing for that he had assaulted him within his own Kingdom and knowing that he was not able of himself to effect the businesse of Millan so long as it should be defended both by Cesar and by the Venetians He thought he could compasse this his desire by nothing better than by pursuing the friendship which he had already begun with Soliman whereby he hoped either to get the Venetians to side with him or else to make them forbear favouring of Cesar the reasons being known to be very great which made the Venetians highly value Solimans authority And on the other side the Emperours forces might be diverted and the defence of the State of Millan weakned by the comming of the Turkish Fleet into Puglia or into other Rivers belonging to the Emperours Dominions The King therefore turn'd all his indeavours towards Constantinople where though he had his Embassador Iohn Foreste resident he notwithstanding sent Don Serasino da Gozi of Ragusa with new and more efficacious orders and with larger promises This man meeting often with the chiefest Bashaws proposed many things to them which being represented to Soliman might make him comply the more easily with the King demands As the greatness of Charles the 5th the which if not moderated would either become formidable or at least suspitious to all other Potentates to the diminution if not of their States at least of their reputation and dignity the easinesse of the attempts that might be made against him especially in the Kingdom of Naples by the conveniency of the country and since by a short cut at Sea the Turkish Armies might passe from Albania into Otranto and at the same time draw near those Rivers with their Fleet. The generall hatreâ— which those people bore to the Spaniards Government nay that the dispair of some of the chiefest of that Kingdom was such as promised readinesse to imbrace any occasion which might tend to novelty and change of Government whereby the way would be opened to the further abatement of Caesars power Agiate and Luftebei were then of great authority in that Government as those who being in the first rank of Bashaws after they had with much praise discharged the place of Belgerbei of Asia which purchas'd them much reputation Luftebei being the grand Signors sisters Husband and one of the six Bashaws della Porta and both of them great enemies to the name of Christianity and who often after Ibraims death had counsel'd Soliman to turn his forces upon Christendom making use of this occasion and applauding the French Embassadours proposalls much amplifying also the reasons promoted by him indeavoured to set Soliman upon the Enterprise of Italy They amongst other things minded him of Mahomets example a wise and valiant Prince who with a prosperous beginning had easily taken the City of Otranto and by the terrour of his Arms put all that Country into great confusion and opened the way to his acquisition of the noblest part of Christendom had not death interrupted his designs These things being represented to Soliman prevailed much with him who was ambitions of Glory excessive proud and haughty thinking that it made much for his honour that so great a King should have recourse to him for assistance against another powerful Prince his Enemy and thought he had a fit occasion offered him to forgo his enterprises in India and Persia wherein he saw he consumed many of his men without any great advantage without lessening his honour or the reputation of his forces He therefore readily promised the French Embassadour to molest the Emperours affairs the next summer with powerfull forces both by Sea and Land but thinking it of great concernment towards the effecting of these things to take the Venetians from off their friendship and confederacy with sendâ—anusbei â—anusbei one of the Dragomani della Porta to Venice to exhort the Senate thaâ— since there was a powerfull Army and Fleet to go from Constantinople the Common-wealth would shew her selfe a friend to his friends and an enemy to his enemies promising that he would see great respect should be given to the affairs of the Common-wealth and that he would preserve peace inviolably with them To which the Senate did with mature deliberation return answer That the Commonwealâ—h had alwaies fervently desired peace with all Princes and especially with the Ottaman Lords with whom they had â—ad long friendship to the free and advantagious commerce of subjects that they did still continue so firm and constant in the same resolution as there needed no further declaration thereof Soliman seemed well enough pleased with this answer a Prince asmuch as such qualities can have place in a Barbarian nobly minded and for the most part friend to what was just and honest But false complaints being made unto him by many of his people who for their particular respects and interests desired an interruption of peace of divers actions done by the ministers of the Commonwealth with little respect as they said to the honor and advantage of his Empire they perswaded him to permit that his Officers might also be allowed to do some novelties which might shew a mind ill affected to the Common-wealth and bring things at last to an open war Thus many Venetian Merchants being at Constantinople and in other parts of the Turkish Dominions upon their private occasions some were imprisoned upon severall false pretentions of delinquency and had their goods forfeited into the Exchequer two Venetian ships were imbargode upon various pretences the one belonging to Alessandro Contarini taken in the Seas of Cyprus by the gallies of the guard of Rhodes as a Pirates vessel and another in the havens of Alexandria alleadging that they were to make use of it upon important occasions There was also a new impost of ten in the
from whom they might expect best assistance were disarmed which would not prove so now when the Emperour and Common-wealth had two powerfull Fleets at sea to fall upon the enemy What was there more to be expected That forces were to be made use of whilst they were enâ—ire and losses obviated before they happened and not to suffer the one and the other Fleet to run peradventure some hasard become weaker since mens designes do oft-times miscarry by severall unthought-of accidents or that the Turks should begin to get footing in Italy and so these mischiefs prove too late to be remedied By these and the like reasons the Embassador strove to make the Senators leave their Neutrality and declare enmity to the Turks But they being grave and considerate men would not be moved by these majesticall words and ill-grounded promises continuing their resolution of not taking up arms unlesse enforc'd by necessity against so powerfull an enemy and who might prejudice the dominions of the Common-wealth in so many severall parts she not having forces of her self sufficient to defend them nor having reason to confide much in others It was therefore resolved to answer in generall terms That they returned thanks to Cesar but could do no more at this time out of many weighty and well known respects especially since their friendship and neerer conjunction being desired by the French and by the Turks they had answered them they could not give them satisfaction for that it was the stedfast resolution of the Venetian Senate to keep their plighted faith to all men as it became all Princes to do That they would notwithstanding keep in arms for any chance that might occur having alwaies together with their own safety an eye to the common good of Christendom The Embassadour seemed satisfied with this answer replying nothing as then but returning some few daies after to the Colledge he made an other demand which was That since the French threatned danger to the State of Millan they would raise 6000 Foot for the defence thereof and send their Gens d' Armes thither according to the Articles of the last Agreement Wherein shewing themselves to be very ready necessary orders were fortwith given out for it But the Commanders being come with their Horse and many Foot to those Confines the Duke of Urbin who commanded the Venetian Militia in chief put them in minde that they were to passe no farther they being onely to defend the State of Millan whereof there appeared no need at the present since the French were held play as yet in Piemont That if they should passe the River Sesia and enter the Dukedom of Millan that then their tye of confederacy would take place and that upon such an occasion the people of the Common-wealth should be ready The end of the Eighth Book THE HISTORY OF VENICE Written by PAULO PARUTA BOOK IX THE CONTENTS THe Common-wealth prepares to resist the Turks The League solicited The Venetians are moved by the Consull to treat of Agreement Mark Antonio Cornaro disswades from so doing Marco Foscari opposeth him His motion not approved of A league of the christian Princes against Soliman the Articles thereof Orders given by the Senate to the Generall Provisions of Money A Treaty of Peace between Caesar and the King of France which takes no effect Divers discourses thereupon The Pope goes to Nice what past between him the Emperour and the King of France The Turks preparations for war Their successe A notable Treason punisht by the Turks The Venetians provide to defend Candia Jovanni Moro exhorts those of Candia to keep faithfull to the common-wealth Barbarossa in Candia and what befalls him there Napoli and Malvasia besieged The Turks assault Dalmatia What succeeds there The Dukes exhortation to the Senators Those of Dalmatia resolve to make some attempt after the Turks are gone What their success was The Leagues Fleet and that of the Turks The Spaniards faultinesse The Popes Fleet assaults Pevesa does little good but runs great hazard The Leagues Fleet resolves to fight the Enemy The Turks are irresolute Barbarossa's nature and his opinion The Turks fear the Venetian ships The Fleets encounter Doria's advice and resolution to fight The Fleets face one another Their severall thoughts The Colleagues retreat and are prejudiced by the Turks Severall discourses against Doria his shame The Leagues Fleet adviseth to assault the Enemy again The Generalls severall opinions They assault Castel-Nuovo which surrenders and is sackt by the Spaniards The Turkish Fleet is scattered and sorely rent by storm the Collâ—agues part and disarm The Duke of Urbines death ALl treaty of Peace being laid aside and the hopes of the safety and defence of the States Dominions by Sea resting in Arms the Venetians are very diligent in providing all things necessary for War They prepare a great Fleet Souldiers Ammunition and Victuals for the service of the Islands and other Maritine places Those of Napoli and Malvasia desired that their Garrisons might be increased but especially to be furnisht with Victuals for want whereof Napoli had been in danger of falling into the Enemies hands they promised if assisted and succour'd to undergo the greatest dangers of War and to continue constant to the Common-wealth even to the last extremity The Island of Candia made the same request wherein there having been some commotions and scandalous speeches given out that they would surrender unto the Enemy when their Army should approach by reason of the terrour which the sacking of the Islands in the Archipelagus had infused into the generality of the chiefest cities in the Kingdom they had sent Embassadors to Venice to purge themselves of that fault which they said was occasioned by the errour of some few of mean condition rather out of their indiscretion and cowardlinesse than out of ill will They therefore offered to serve the Common-wealth with their lives and livelihoods promising to give good testimony of their Loyalty and humbly desiring that they might not be abandond for that they were ready to defend themselves to the last would never go lesse in their affection to the Common-wealth whereof many of them were members by an ancient Colony and therefore the more interessed in this cause The Senate listned very attentively to these things and dismist the Embassadors with gracious words and promises and ordered the Generall to send forthwith 25 gallies towards Candia under the command of Commissary Pasqualigo who was likewise to send souldiers and victuals to Napoli and to leave four gallies to guard it The Island and Fort of Corâ—u were likewise furnisht with necessaries and had 1000 foot sent from Venice to add unto the Garrison conducted by Valerio Orsino who was to be the chiefe head of that Militia the Senate not being well satisfied with Naldo's actions Dalmatia was furnisht with severall Troops of light Horse chosen out of stout men of Greece and Crovatia to defend the Country from the inrodes of the Enemy but the
agreement should be made as a friend to the Grand Seigneur nay that it should be declared in express words that the State of Venice should not be molested during that Agreement by those Princes that were therein comprehended and that if it should happen otherwise the Agreement with Soliman should be taken as broken and yet there was an opinion that the Venetians opposed the Truce which there being no hopes of Peace was treated of wherefore Caesar made his Embassador Mendosa return from Trent to Venice not cloaking this suspition but attesting howsoever his great good-will to the Common-wealth and praying the Senate to favour the treaty of Truce which was said to be already well begun at Constantinople and would be the easilier brought to a good end by the assistance of the Common-wealth promising to make her be named therein on their behalfe and included as a friend These things made the Venetians the more desirous to indeavour a suspension of Arms between these Princes because besides other no small considerations they thereby received much safety and honour being to be declared friends to both Parties and to receive and injoy the benefit of peace which might arise from that Agreement which made the Senators more zealous in interposing their Authority knowing very well how much it might make for them to make the Turks believe that she was in good esteem with the Christian Princes and the same Christian Princes that she was so valued by the Turks as that they were stedfastly resolved to keep peace with her It was thought the Emperour did so very much indeavour the conclusion of this Truce with the Turks because he was not onely out of all hopes of being assisted by the German forces against them but inforced to take up Arms against the chiefe Lords and States of Germany who contaminating both sacred and prophane things to the great disparagement of the Church of Rome and Majesty of the Empire did dayly plot more Novelties breaking forth into open Rebellion Wherefore the Emperour who to purchase their loves had formerly yeelded not without the Popes resentment that the Councill should be held in the City of Trent with great prerogatives on the Germans behalfe did afterwards repent himselfe knowing that he had done little good to the cause of Religion lost much ground with the Pope and gotten nothing with Germany and sought to moderate the conditons whereupon the Councill was to meet he therefore sent his Embassador Don Diego de Mendosa to the Common-wealth to bridle the liberty which some of the most licencious and worst affected towards the Court of Rome used But the Venetians knowing that the calling of the Council was not acceptable to the Pope as being done at an unseasonable time and in an unfitting place and in a manner little becomming the dignity and authority of the Apostolick Sea thought they would not openly oppose it would not send their Embassadors thither But the Agreement at Constantinople which was so hopefully brought neer a conclusion of Truce for many years no way of accommodation being to be found for the difficulties which arose touching the restoring of some little Castles in Hungary ended in a short suspension of Arms for but one year but with intention as it was said and written also from Salamons selfe to the King of France that things being better debated at Ferdinando's Court the Embassadors were to return again the next year to the Court at Constantinople with new Commissions to establish peace for a longer time New dislikes arose this mean while between the Turks and Venetians upon occasion of the Confines of Dalmatia where the Sangiacchi of Bossina and Clissa desiring to trouble the quiet for their own advantage or else to pillage the Country or to make the Venetians give them something to avoid those troubles went about to usurpe a good part of the Territory of Zara alleadging that a Country which contained 49 Towns did belong to the Towns of Nadino and Urana as the proper Territories thereof which being by the last conventions granted to belong to the Grand Seigneur they said their Territories belonged unto him too wherefore they threatned the Inhabitants of these places upon pain of great penalties not to acknowledge any other Government then Solimans This did much trouble the Venetians this Country being of great concernment both in it self and for the preservation of the City of Zara. And though their claim was clear for Nadino and Urana being small Castles have no peculiar Country but the Towns thereabout make up a Country together with Zara the chief City of that Province yet by reason of the strange and insolent proceeding of the Turks in such like affairs laying claim to any whatsoever Country whereupon the Grand Seigneurs Horse hath once set his foot they feared this might be the occasion of longer and greater trouble But Soliman being acquainted with the businesse referr'd the examination of the difference over to the Sangiacco of Chersego and to two Cadi's these are the ordinary Judges in point of justice and what they should determine should be done who were to meet upon the place to that purpose with the Representatives of the Common-wealth The Senate chose Luigi Reniero for this employment who handled the businesse with such dexterity and wisdome as the possession of that whole Territory which was in question was left free and quiet to the Common-wealth And new difficulties being raised again upon what had already been decided according to the Turkish custome Reniero as being well acquainted with the businesse was sent Consull to Constantinople who making our claim appear clear to Soliman did not onely obtain that these pretensions should never be any more questioned but that some other Towns formerly usurped and till then injoy'd by the Turks should together with the 49 Towns be restored to the Venetians So great a friend was this Prince to what was just and honest unlesse he were misled by false suggestions This year the Doge Pietro Lando dyed leaving behinde him the reputation of a good and wise Prince and Francisco Donato was chosen Prince in his place Nor did any thing else worth memory happen this year The next year 1546. those who desired the peace of Italy were sorely afraid that she would quickly return to her former troubles for the peace between the Emperour and the King of France not having effected the most important affairs which were agreed upon between them it remained so loose that nothing but opportunity of time was expected to make them re-assume Arms both their forces and thoughts for the present being otherwise employ'd The King of France by the unseasonable death of his son the Duke of Orleans could not obtain the Dukedom of Millan promised him in consideration of the marriage but his antient desire of possessing it was no whit lessened Nor was the Duke of Savoy re-possessed of his Towns the King detaining them under various excuses hoping to satisfie
the weightinesse and unworthinesse of the action committed upon the person of Duke Pier Luigi who was slain by some Gentlemen of Piacenza who had conspir'd his death by the assent and forâ—knowledge as was commonly believed of Don Ferrante Gonsaga Caesars Lieutenant in Italy and the City of Piacenza was possest by a good number of Spanish Foot led on by the same Don Ferrante and was still held in Cesars name whereby it was perceived that Cesar aspired to possess himselfe of other mens states not onely by force but by fraud It was known that this action would be very displeasing to the Venetians wherefore Gonsaga had quickly sent Giovan Battista Schizzo to Venice a Senator of Millan to affirm that he had not any ways been the Author thereof but that he could not notwithandsting refuse being thereunto call'd and requir'd by those that had slain the Duke and who had quickly had recourse to him at Millan to receive that City in Cesars name till such time as his will should be known who they knew to be a friend to what was just and honest yet his actions perswaded to the contrary for at the same time he caused the building of the Fort to be continued which was begun by the Duke made the people and Nobility swear fâ—alty to Cesar and possessing himselfe of many Castles fortified them and prepared to besiege Parma Ottavio complaining in vain that such injury should be done to him who was the Emperour's Son in law This Commotion made the Venetians bestir themselves in making better provision for their own defence They made Stephano Tiepolo their Commissary Generall on Terra ferma that by the Authority of the supream Magistrate he might order their Militia view their Forts and speedily provide for what was needfull They had likewise recalled the Duke of Urbin Generall of the Common-wealth's Forces into the State who was at this time gone to Rome upon occasion of his marriage formerly concluded with Virginia Daughter to the late Duke Pier Luigi Fernese And they commanded Antonio da Castello who was a man well reputed and Captain of the Artillery to go to Brescia and to increase the ordinary Garrison with the Country-people They did the like at Verona whither the Commissary-Generall hasted and great care was taken for the safe custody of all other places of concernment and all things seemed full of snares and jealousies Things being in this condition the Pope and King of France ceased not to try the Venetians inviting them not to delay declaring themselves any longer and not to stay applying remedies to the eminent danger till there was no remedy to be found but that all Italy must run the same fortune by the totall ruine and loss of Dominion and Liberty But the Senate would not be easily moved to take up Arms against a powerfull Neighbouring-Prince in the height of his prosperity and greatnesse For the Common-wealth was not in so weak a condition as that any enterprise might be easily undertaken against her by any whosoever nor yet in such a height as to infuse fear into others and make them seek to secure themselves by abasing her so as her condition seemed to differ from the like of the rest and therefore the Common-wealth being some-what freer from fear of being molested by Cesar might wait the advantage of Time and till by the variation of the present condition of affairs a way might be opened to safer resolutions And what reason have we said the Senators whilst they advised upon what answer should be return'd to the Pope and to the King to part from Caesars confederacy and to enter into other Leagues and union What should perswade us to seek for safety by exposing our selves to nearer and more certain dangers Wherein hath Caesar failed us for the space of near upon these eighteen years that we have had peace with him By what injury hath he provoked us The Common-wealth was never more quiet at Land then now And if it were not that War by Sea doth trouble the so many advantages of Peace certainly this our City would be now in the height of all prosperity And shall we by seeking after better fortune bereave our selves of Peace and vainly think that we shall be bereft thereof by others Who knows not that the League which is propounded to us onely by way of defence will quickly necessitate us to offend others and expose our selves to the offences of others It is used as a forceable argument to make us imbrace a new League that Caesar is desirous to acquire glory and dominion But I beseech you is not this so proper to every other great Prince as who should be otherwise would be despised by others and by his own subjects Hath not the King of France the same thoughts Shall we peradventure perswade our selves that we shal be at more quiet if we have him for our Neighbour in the State of Millan We have tried oft enough when the French were in Italy how unquiet they are and easie to break peace upon any sleight occasion Wherein hath this ambition of Caesar's hurt us when did he ever ceaze upon any thing that was ours what sign hath he given us of his ill will towards us what necessity have we to be at expence to secure our selves from his mischiefe But on the contrary what dislikes nay what open enmities have there been between the Pope and Emperour what ancient and inveterate hate between the French and Spaniards how great emulation between the Kings of France and House of Austria The French cannot indure Caesar not only out of fear of his greatnesse but for meer hatred to his particular person and measuring things rather according to their desire than to the likelihood of success they would drive him out of Italy But what is there of like in us If we may say truth Caesar hath not onely abstain'd from injuring us but hath alwaies seemed to honour and esteem the Common-wealth very much and hath rather been an instrument to preserve then to disturb our peace How oft and with how much readinesse and affection were it or reall or feighned hath he interposed himself to accommodate our differences with others particularly with his Brother and in the businesse of Marano All men say that he helped much to pacifie Ferdinando why should we then joyn with them iâ— these commotions not having the like cause to take up Arms either for fear or revenge 'T is true we are somewhat troubled at the taking of Millan but it is as true that it was chiefly for our sakes that he went about to replace Duke Francis Sforza in that State and afterwards upon our pressing promised to grant it to the Duke of Orleans though at last by his death and to the almost fatall misfortune of Italy it be fallen again into his own hands and how often hath he asked our advice and seemed chiefly desirous to satisfie us touching what he ought to do concerning
Naples to go with 5000 Foot what-Dutch what-Spanish the Kingdom being now free from the danger for which the Garrisons of those Cities were increased with these men into Tuscany and indeavour the reducing of the City of Sienna to his devotion again It was thought that this success if the French-mens designs should prove secure would be very prejudiciall to the Emperour's affairs in Italy for though the French profess'd in words that they had tane upon them the defence of Sienna to free it from the oppression of the Spaniards and to restore it to its former dignity and freedom yet their intention was too well known For refusing propositions of Agreement which were offered they would continue their Garrisons in that City that they might make use thereof and of other places which they had gotten to raise men in Italy and for other designs of theirs So as in reward of Liberty the King of France required of the Senesi that they would declare themselves to be friends to his friends and Enemies to his Enemies The Vice-roy then desiring suddenly to obey Caesars Commands obtained passage through the Churches Territories which the Pope said he gave way unto because he knew not how to hindâ—â—â—im He entred with his Army into the parts about Sienna which he plundered and took some weak Castles which soon yielded but the stronger places were so well munited as the Imperialists were forc'd to keep long before them the whole force of the War almost was reduced to about Monte Alcino whilst which Fort was preserved Sienna which was excellently well provided of all things was in the lesser danger That which made the Senesi chiefly so resolute to defend themselves was the fear of being severely punisht by Cesar if he should regain the City and their hopes of not being long troubled with the Imperiall Army by reason of the dangers which befell the Kingdom of Naples by the Turkish and French Fleets The Venetians indeavoured to quench this fire which was kindled in Italy The End of the twelfth and last Book of the first Part of the Venetian History THE HISTORY OF VENICE The Second Part. Written by PAULO PARUTA Procurator of St. MARK Wherein the War made by the League of Christian Princes against Selino Ottaman upon occasion of the Kingdom of Cyprus is contained in three Books BOOK I. THE CONTENTS THe cause of the War of Cyprus How that Island fell to the Venetians Tribute paid for it to the Turks who desire the possession thereof notwithstanding Soliman does nothing therein His successor Selino is enclined to this enterprise out of divers respects He confirms the Articles of Peace with the Venetians and doth other things which make him appear more given to peace then war But soon after he deceives mens thoughts and consults about the taking of Cyprus He is disswaded by Mehemet but being perswaded by others he undertakes the enterprise Many tumultuous risings are appeased by him The dearth of the year 1569. Fire in the Arsenal the same year The Consul advertiseth the Senate of Selino's resolution but is not much believed but by reiterated advices they begin to look about them Provisions made Consultatitions had how to use the provisions which are made They minde the Garrisoning of Cyprus They acquaint the Princes therewith 〈◊〉 the Pope His answer He propounds the joyning of the Spanish and Venetian Fleet. Treats thereof with the Catholick King who promiseth among and permits that the League be treated of in Rome The Pope 〈…〉 aid of the King of Portingall but cannot 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 â—reat with Cesar and the Pope with the King of France but to 〈…〉 purpose The Italian Princes are 〈◊〉 to the League 〈◊〉 between the Pope and the Duke of Ferrara Quieted by the Venetians The King of Persia is solicited to make war with the Turks but in vain Hostile acts on both sides The Turks diligence in their preparations Diversity of opinion touching the managing of the war The Consulls carefulnesse to acquaint the Senate with all the proceedings A Châ—aus is sent to Venice by the Turk His proposalls and his answer Divers discourses touching what had past with the Chiaus His return to Constantinople and what effects it wrought with the Turks and with Selino The death of Doge Loredano and election of Mocenigo The Treaty of the League appears too cool in the Emperour and in the King of Spain An account of the Venetian Fleet and the progresse thereof The Pope's Fleet. Sebastiano Veniero takes Sopoâ—o The Turks trouble The General consults touching what the Fleet shall do It is resolved to take Malgariti but it is not done The Gallies of Candia expugne Brazzo di Maina and joyne with the Fleet The union of the Pope's Spanish and Venetian Fleets The proceeding of the Turk's Fleet. Tine is valiantly defended by Girolamio Paruta A description of the Island of Cyprus The Turkish Fleet comes thither and the mischief which it does What and how many the Garrisons of the Island were The Turks resolve what Fort they shall first assault They go to Necossia What terrour they infuse there The Army incamps without any hinderance The description of Necossia The Bishop of Baffo's Oration to the Necossians exhorting to defend themselves and to perseverance The Turk's Fortifications The Necossians sally out and assault the Turks but are repuls'd and slain The Turks do much molest the City A generall assault wherein the Turks are worsted A new assault The City taken and all put to death They go to Famagosta and what they do there The proceedings of the Christian Fleet. It resolves to go to the relief of Cyprus What and how great the Fleet was Upon the newes of the losse of Necossia they take a new resolution and return back An insurrection in Albania and the proceedings there Treaties of a League made at Rome and the difficulties which are met with therein A League treated with the Emperour with little better successe The Venetian Fleet resolves to relieve Famagosta Severall accidents which fall out there Considerations upon what hapned this present year THe War made by the Common-wealth of Venice against Selino Ottaman when his Empire and fortune was at the greatest height both by Sea and Land in defence of the Kingdom of Cyprus he being the most powerful Emperour of the Turks and in League with some of the chiefest Princes of Christendom may be numbred amongst the most remarkable things which hath hapned in our times or in the memory of our fore-fathers or in whatsoever other former Age The War being undertaken with much fervour and warlike preparation on both sides and with no lesse indignation then power whilst not onely the ablest Nations but such as did differ in Customes Lawes and Religion did contend for the priority of the Militia and for the glory of the Empire so as the present War contains events which for their variety and greatnesse may afford such delight and help as the knowledge
sometimes urged the examples of other Popes who had at other times readily assisted the Venetians against these enemies to the faith of Christ sometimes he remembered the services done by the Common-wealth to that See for which she had alwaies so readily exposed her forces against powerful Princes But he oftest mentioned the great eminent danger of the other Christian Kingdoms and chiefly of the Church-Dominions if the Common-wealth of Venice should be weakened which was held by all men to be the surest Bulwork of Christendom The Pope being by these perswasions wrought upon very much to defend the Venetians shewed a very great zeal to the common good and an ardent desire to provide for what was needfull for this War and to assist and sustain the Common-wealth that her dignity might not be supprest by so potent an enemy nor her dominions and forces weakened Yet calling to minde what had been done formerly upon like occasions by other Popes and lately by Paul the third in the League made against Soliman he desired to be pardoned if he did not all he desired to do deploring the condition of his times wherein the monies of that See were much exhausted and also by reason of the commotions in France wherein the City of Avignon was much indangered being put to great expence and trouble Therefore though he often moved in the Consistory that the defence of the Venetians might be embraced that they might be assisted in this their necessity and though their cause was approv'd of in the Colledge of Cardinalls and generally favoured yet they came to no particular declaring what they would do onely it was granted at the first that they might raise 100000 Duckets for the maintenance of that war by a generall tax upon the Venetian Clergy from which no Prelate of what condition soever should be exempted The Pope propounded afterwards that the King of Spain's Gallies might speedily joyn with those of the Venetians whereby to make a powerfull Fleet to oppose the Turks and to disturb these their first designes And that in the mean time a League might be treated of with the said King and the other Princes of Christendom whereby their forces might for a long while be established to oppose the Turks And having made this be signified to the Senate by the Embassadour Suriano exhorting them to assent to this proposition and to put this businesse into his hands who as the common Father would be very zealous of the good of Christendom and would have a particular care of the good of the Common-wealth He found them all very well inclined to follow his authority and advice He resolved at the same time likewise to send Ludovico de Torres Clark of the Apostolick Chamber into Spain to Philip of Austria the Catholick King to exhort him to assist Christendom readily against Selino Ottaman enemy to himself and to the Catholick Faith which he did particularly professe to protect as by the glorious name acquired by the pious and generous actions of his Ancestors he was bound to do He therefore laid before him the great danger wherewith divers States of Christian Princes were threatned by the Turkish Fleets which though it was given out they were intended against Cyprus yet was it not certain but that they might easily and speedily fall upon his Dominions which though they were not for the present molested with war yet were they in the future the more exposed to the incursions and assaults of the Turkish Fleets when the Venetians should be weakened in their Maritime forces and the Turks Empire encreased So as he was to esteem the interests of that Common-wealth inseparably joyned with his own That the Ottaman Empire was a common enemy to all the Potentates of Christendom and more strong and powerfull then any one of them apart But that if all or most of the Christian Princes would joyne together they would exceed the Turks in power and might hope not onely to resist them but perhaps to beat and conquer them That the King was to consider that if he should not aid the Venetians at this their so great need he would lose much honour amongst the Turks making either his weaknesse clearly appear as if the Moors insurrections were sufficient to keep him so employed as that he could not make use of his forces elsewhere or else that he held but bad intelligence with the Common-wealth or with other Christian Princes by not moving against his enemy being invited by so fair an occasion but abandoning the common cause That he had used the same endeavours to the Venetians who had readily referred all things to him promising to stand to all that he should decree nor was their truth herein to be doubted since they knew by experience they could not ground any safety to themselves by peace with the Turks Moreover that great respect would be given to his authority since he had the spirituall arms in his hands and did declare himself to be the head and manager of all this businesse These things were prudently and effectually represented to the King of Spain in the Pope's name by Torres who presented him likewise with a Brief wherein the Pope did much deplore the miseries of the present times remembring therein particularly the many mischiefs which Christendom had suffered in severall parts through the wicked conspiracies of men branded with heresie and severall infamous vices who rebelling against God and against their Princes had with much audaciousnesse and fury shaken severall whole Provinces of Christendom and sought to corrupt the into grâ—ty of the Catholick Faith To which inward grievances other mischiefs and greater dangers were added by forrain enemies Soliman having attempted by great forces to bereave Maximilian Cesar of the remainders of the Kingdom of Hungary which fire of war was likely to have burnâ— forth throughout all Germany had it not been extinguished by Soliman 's death But that now new combustions and calamities did seem to threaten Christendom that therefore he knew it became him to have an eye to these commotions and to denounce so great dangers to Princes wherein he was to addresse himselfe chiefly to the Catholick King and to excite him to be the first that should embrace the defence of Christendome since God had endowed him to that purpose with greatest power and command That for what concerned himself he would not be failing in any thing that lay in him nor in pouring forth prayers continually to God that he would look with the eyes of mercy upon our actions These were the endeavours used by the Pope to the Catholick King who listning thereunto with much benignity and attention seemed to be very much rejoyced thereat shewing a very good inclination to the common welfare and to put an high esteem upon the Pope's authority and advice But because the King was then in Cordua and was to expedite the affairs in the Courts of Castile he excused himself that he could not give a positive
THE HISTORY OF VENICE In the Times of Popes Iulius the 2d Leo the 10th Adrian the 6th Clement the 7th Paul the 3d Iulius the 3d Emperors Maximilian the 1st Charles the 5th Kings of Spain Ferdinand the Catholique Charls the 5th Kings of France Lodowick the 12th Francis the 1st Henry the 2d Kings and Queens of England Henry the 8th Edward the 6th Q. Mary Q. Elizabeth Dukes of Venice Leonardo Lordano Antonio Grimani Andrea Gritti Petro Laudo Francisco Donato Written Originally in Italian By PAULO PARUTA PROCURATOR of St Mark. Likewise the WARS of CYPRUS By the same Authour Wherein the famous Sieges of Nicossia and Famagosta and Battel of Lepanto are contained Made English By HENRY Earl of MONMOUTH LONDON Printed for Abel Roper and Henry Herringman at the Sun against St Dunstans Church in Fleetstreet and at the Anchor in the lower Walk of the New Exchange 1658. HENRY Earl of Monmouth TO THE READERS His Country-men IN my Author's Sololoquie in the latter end of his Politick Discourses wherein he gives you a short Relation of his Life He mentions this History of his which he terms Opera buona degna a good and gallant Work I took his own word for the Approbation thereof and truly I finde he hath made it good and if I have not injured him in making it speak my Language I am very confident you will be of my opinion for you will finde in it great variety of History handsomly woven and delightful intermix'd with Negotiations Treaties of Warre and Peace Leagues and Confederacies made between Christian Princes several Speeches and Orations made upon many several occasions and strongly argued and indeed whatsoever may make a Book seem pleasing to the Reader Which that it may do to thee is the wish of Thy Compatriot MONMOUTH An Alphabetical Table of the most Remarkable Passages contained in the Twelve Books of the present History of VENICE A ADrian a Fleming chosen Pope 196. He endeavours to compose the Differences thâ—â— were between the Christian Princes ibid. He honourably receives the Venetian Embassadors 197. He dies 204 Agostino Abondio Secretary hanged for revealing the secrets of the Venetian Senate 588 Alfonso Duke of Ferrara and his Designs 167. Is in League with the French and the Venetian 176. Hath many private Discourses with Burbon 244. Ioyns in League with the Princes of Italy 267 Admiral of France sent by King Francis into Italy with an Army 201. Draws neer to Milan and takes Lodi 202. Is driven out of Italy by the Imperialists and the Venetians 205 206 Andrea Gritti a prisoner in France 8. Is chosen by the Venetians for their Embassadour to that King 12. Comes along with the French into Italy 19. Is created General of the Venetian Navie 164. Is chosen Duke of Venice 204. Perswades the Senate to defend their Country 425 He dies 556 Andrea Doria a Genouese serves the Pope with eight Gallies against his own Country 231. Is suspected by the Colleagues ibid. Hired by King Francis to serve him 258. Qâ—lts the King of France and agrees with the Emperour 284. Censures past upon him for the business of Prevesa 440 441 Antonio Grimani chosen Duke of Venice after he had been many years banished 171 Antonio da Leva commands the Garrison in Pavia Comes with an Army into Lombardy 180. Routs the French Camp and takes their General prisoner 309 310. Goes to fall upon the Venetian Camp and is repulsed with loss 310 311 312. Is declared Captain of the League Is chosen Governour of Milan He dies The Authour what he proposeth to write of in this History 3. Whence he takes his Rise ibid. The great Army â—f Charls the fifth in Italy 315 B BArbarossa a famous Pyrate taken into pay by Soliman 339 Takes in the Kingdom of Tunis Driven thence by Charls the fifth Saves himself in Algiers Counsels Soliman to make War upon the Venetians 384. Takes some of their Islands in the Archipelagus and is Soliman's only General at Sea 420 421. Leads out the Fleet in the service of the King of France 593 Bartolomeo d'Alviano set at liberty by the King of France whose prisoner he was 12. Is chosen by the Venetians for their General 16. Takes Cremona and other places 17. Goes against the Imperialists 47. Fights Cardona and is beaten 48. Passes to Friuli and beats the Imperialists 70. Succoureth King Francis in Battel 113 114. Goes to assault Brescia 119. Dies before it 120 A Battel between the French and the Switzers near Novara 25 26. Alviano and Cardona at Olmo 48 49. King Francis and the Switzers before Milan 112 113 114. The same King and the Imperialists at Pavia 218 Bernardino Frangipane a Venetian Rebel 57. Seizeth on the Fort of Marano 58. He relieves Marano and routs the Venetians 60. Takes Strasoldo and Monfalcone ibid. Falls upon Ossofo 64. Is beaten thence 71. Taken prisoner and carried to Venice ibid. Brescia taken by the Spaniards 28. assaulted by Alviano for the Venetians 119. Much straitned by the Venetians 127. Relieved by the Germans ibid. Besieged again by the Venetians French 131. Assaulted by the Venetian and French Forces 139. Taken by the French and yeilded to the Venetians 140 141 C CAuses for which the Venetians may not easily fall out with the Turks 161. Why Charles the fifth drave the Turks out of Tunis Why Soliman turned the War against the Venetians 381. Why the Peace treated of between the Emperour Charles the Fifth and Francis King of France came not to a conclusion 416. What at last moved the Emperor and the King of France to make peace 603. The cause which moved Charls the Fifth to make peace with the Turks 608 Cardona General of the Spaniards in Italy 27. Takes in Brescia and Bergamo 28. Makes many shot at the City of Venice from Margera 38 39. Assaults the Venetian Army and is repulsed 45. Fights it and routs it 48 49. Recovers Bergamo 85 86. Charls of Burbone sent by King Francis into Italy 99. Left by King Francis to govern the affairs of Italy 129. Returns into France 139. Declared Lieutenant General for Charles the Fifth in Italy 203. He relieves Milan 229. Promiseth his Souldiers the sacking of Florence and Rome 224. Slain with a Musket shot as he scaled the Walls of Rome 250 Charls Duke of Burgondy Prince of Castile King of Spain 130. Stands for the Empire 162. Declared King of the Romans and Emperour by the name of Charls the Fifth 163. Intends to pass into Italy with an Army 165. Desires the Venetians to joyn with him 171 177 192. Makes a League with the Venetians 199. His Designs after the Victory gotten of the French at Pavia 221. Comes to an agreement with King Francis and sets him at liberty 224. Restores the Dukedom of Milan to Francesco Sforza 324. His designs upon Milan after Francesco's death 364. Cattaro assaulted by Barbarossa and defended by the Venetians 563 564. Clement the 7th Pope 204. Treats with