oration in Councell 369 Duke of Alua might haue taken Rome but instead of that goeth thither for absolution 406 Duke of Sauoy taketh armes against the Protestants of his valleys 421 Is ouerthrowen by them and maketh a peace 446. Hath many Protestants within his territories 710 Duke of Bauaria sendeth ambassadors to Rome for the Communion of the Cup. 646 And desireth that his Priests may marry 679 E. ECchius opposeth Luther 6 Ecclesiasticall goods are aliened in France without the Popes consent 93 Ecolampadius dieth with sorrow for the death of his fellow Zuinglius 60 Edict of Ausburg about religion 57 Edict of the French King H 〈…〉 y 2. concerning religion 297 Edict of Iuli made in France 448 Edict of March made in France 471 Edward 6. King of England maketh a change in Religion 295 He dieth 283 Electors of Mentz and Triers craue leaue to depart from the Councell 362 And do depart 374 And so doth the Elector of Collen 374 Elizabeth obtaineth the crowne of England the Pope refuseth to acknowledge her she causeth a disputation to bee held in Westminster in matter of religion 411 She is inuited to the Councell in Trent 436 But will not suffer the Popes Nuncio to come into England 440 The Councell would haue proceeded against her but is disswaded by the Emperor 727 Episcopall iurisdiction is discoursed of by the Author 330. 331. c. Erasmus is condemned for his annotations vpon the New Testament which are confirmed by Pope Leo the tenth 473 Excommunication is denounced against all Heretiques in generall onely in the end of the Councell 813 Exemptions what they are is shewed in a large discourse made by the Author 220 Exemption of Cathedrall Churches in Spaine from the iurisdiction of Bishops raiseth a great stirre in the Councell 797 F. FAber sent to Zuric by the Bishop of Constance refuseth to dispute with Zuinglius 17 Faction made in Councell by the Pope and Legates 142. 256 A faction betweene the Dominicans and Franciscans 175. 229. 258 A faction made in Councell by the Pope 463. 504. 580 The Papalins themselues did not like that the Pope should labour so openly to make a maior part 585 A faction made by Cardinall Simoneta about the institution of Bishops 607 Practises vsed by the Legates to perswade the Prelats 621 A factious banquet made by the Arch-bishop of Otranto 627 Cardinall Madruccio said openly there was a Councel within the Councel 658. 659 Faith how many significations it hath 194. 195 Ferdinand desireth to possesse Transiluania and causeth the Bishop of Veradino to bee slaine is absolued by the Pope 373 Publisheth an Edict against innouation in Religion 387 And a Catechisme 387 388 Is installed Emperor and not acknowledged by Pope Paul the fourth but after is acknowledged by Pope Pius the fourth vnto whom he rendreth obedience 420 Goeth to Ispruc that hee may bee neere the Councell 649 Putteth in consultation seuenteene very important points concerning the present Councell 673 Writeth to the Legats and the Pope very effectually for a serious reformation 682. 683. Giueth his word to Cardinall Morone to vse conniuencie hereafter for matters of the Councell 705 His sudden sicknesse maketh the Fathers in Trent afraid 779 780 Fisher Bishop of Rochester is created Cardinall for his great worth and is beheaded 43. dayes after 74 Florence becommeth free and doth deface the Statues of Leo the tenth and of Clement the seuenth 44 Forme of proceeding in Councell 344 Francis the first the French King is taken prisoner at Pauia 35 It set at liberty and absolued from his oath 37 Francis Sforza Duke of Milan dieth 77 Francis of Toledo is Ambassador for the King of Spaine in Councell 154 Perswaded that the reformation should be handled before the doctrine 166 Francis the second the French King persecuteth the Protestants 417 418 He dieth 436 Free will is discussed 208 209 210 French Ambassadour speaketh in Councel 509 The French Ambassadours desire that their Prelats may be expected 552 The French Ambassadour De Ferrieres maketh an oration 631 And another 666 Which vexeth the Fathers 667 The French Ambassadours goe to Venice 790 French petitions are written against in Rome 674 The Pope resolueth not to consent to them 690 French Prelates cited to Rome for Lutheranisme 693 Sentence is pronounced against them 790 They are defended by the King 795 G. GEneua promoteth thereformed religionin France 422 The Pope perswadeth the French King to make warre against that city 423 George Fransperg Generall of an army of Dutchmen carrieth an halter towards Rome to hang the Pope but dieth before he commeth thither 43 George Martinaccio Bishop of Veredino desireth to holde Transiluania in libertie refuseth the offers of K. Ferdinand and is slaine by his ministers 873 Germanie is in the power of the Emperour the two Protestant Heads beeing retired into their countreys 221 Glosses are forbid to be made vpon the Decrees of the Councell of Trent 813 Granuell publisheth a booke to compose religion in Germanie 95 He is sent to the Diet in Noremberg 103 Groperus discourseth of Appeales 334 Guise passeth into Italy with an army to assist the Pope 404 Is defeated by the default of the Caraffi 405 Is recalled by the French King 406 The Guisards holde a parly in Germanie with the Duke of Wittenberg 480 The Duke of Guise is slaine vnder Orlience by Iohn Poltrot a priuat Gentleman 681 His death maketh a great alteration in France 682 H. HEnry 8. King of England writeth against Luther and gaineth the Title of Defender of the Faith 16 Marrieth Anne Bullen 68 Withdraweth his obedience from the Pope and denieth to pay the Peter pence 69 Protesteth against the councel of Mantua 83 And againe against the councell of Vincentia 85 is excommunicated by the Pope and the reasons are declared 86 87 The excommunication was generally contemned 87 He maketh an Edict in matter of religion 89 He dieth and his death causeth much ioy in Rome and Trent 260 Henry 2. the French King maketh a solemne entry into France proceedeth seuerely against the Protestants 297 298 Professeth extraordinary good will to Pope Iulius the 3. 305 Protecteth Parma against the Pope and the Emperour 311 Protesteth against the councel of Trent 315 319 Persecuteth the Protestants 322 But afterwards vseth moderation 407 Proceedeth against the Counsellors of Parliament in a Mercutiall 414 415 He dieth 416 Hermit Friars were ordinarie publishers of Indulgences in Saxonie but were excluded by Aremboldus 5 Hierarohie of the Church what it is 589 590 591. The forme of Hierarchie in what it consisteth 591 592 it should rather be called Hierodoulia 743 Hugonius a French Diuine betrayeth his countrey-men in Councell 632 but cannot endure the flattery of Laynez the Iesuite in maintaining the Popes authority 722 Hugonots in France doe wax bold 470 they haue 2150. Churches in France 480 I. IEsuites will obserue no rule in Councell 543 why their Generall is not in the Catalogue of
keeping from them any Faculty that the manner of liuing vntill the Councell began might be set downe by their aduice and the Clergie reformed that he would haue consideration and determine if the Sea were vacant during the time of the Councell whether the Fathers thereof or Cardinals should elect the Pope that in case it should happen no new stirres might arise This third The Pope is put in mind of his old age point was added to put the Pope in minde of his old age and approaching death and so to make him condescend more easily that his posterity might not inherite the displeasure which the Emperour tooke at 〈…〉 The Pope in answere of these propositions commended the Emperors good will and his paines for publique seruice of the Church concluding hee would haue such consideration of these propositions as they deserued and resolue as GOD would inspire him The Cardinall hauing in diuers priuate audiences assayed in vaine to haue some good resolution from the Pope leauing the instruction to Don Diego di Mendoza whom the Emperour had caused to The Card of Trent retureth leauing Don Diego in his roome goe for that purpose to Rome from Siena where he was to accommodate the differences of that Republique hee departed and returned to Ausburg Don Diego in publique Consistory assembled to giue the cap to the Cardinall of Guise where all sorts of men might be present presented himselfe before the Pope and expounded vnto him the same things which the Cardinall had done adding that he had commission in case his Holinesse did interpose any delay or excuse to protest that the Synode of Bolonia was not lawfull The Pope answered that he would first vnderstand the opinion and the reasons The popes answere concerning the returne of the Councell of the Fathers of the Councell of Bolonia and impart the proposition to the Kings and Princes of Christendome that he might resolue maturely for the seruice of God and satisfaction of all The Cardinall of Guise made a publique discourse in the same Consistory The discourse of the Cardinall of Guise in the consistory in the name of the French King and spake thus in substance That King Francis had neuer spared any cost or danger to maintaine the liberty of other Princes In conformity whereof Henry not degenerating from the vertue of his ancestors so soone as he left to mourne for his Fathers death was willing to declare his obseruance towards the Sea of Rome That the merits of the Kings of France towards the Pope were famous and exceeded all those of other Nations but this was aboue all which the King now doth promising all his forces to preserue the Papall dignity now when it is so contemned He prayed the Pope to receiue the King for his sonne and to promise to himselfe all assistance from him and to take care that the Church should receiue no dammage or shame in regard that from small beginnings great factions haue risen which haue brought the Popes into great calamities He exemplified in many Popes afflicted who were defended and raised by the Kings of France concluding that the present King will not yeeld to his ancestors in preseruing the dignity of the Apostolique Sea Many did thinke that the Pope made Guise speake so to encourage the Cardinals his dependants and to daunt the lofty spirits of the Imperialists and to make them see they could not enforce him And to execute what he had said to Don Diego he wrote to Bolonia to the Cardinall of Monte the proposition made vnto him and his owne determination giuing him order that so soone as might be inuocating the holy Ghost hee should deliuer all to the Fathers and when he had vnderstood their opinion should write backe what the Councell thought The Legate the Fathers being assembled declared The manner how the spirit did worke in this Councel the Commissions and gaue his owne voice first which all the others followed For the spirit which was wont to mooue the Legates to thinke as the Pope did and he Bishops to beleeue as the Legates did worke as formerly it had done The voices being collected the Cardinall by the consent and is the name of all answered that the Synode when the lawfull decree was made to translate it from Trent to Bolonia hauing admonished all to put themselues into the iourney and after that they were arriued in Bolonia vnderstanding that some remained in Trent hauing againe louingly exhorted them to part from thence and ioyne with the body of the Councell they made none account thereof continuing still in that Citie with contempt of the Councell and scandall of many as if they pretended to bee a lawfull Councell or were not bonnd to obey this and therefore that the Fathers The answere sent from Bolonia concerning the returne of the Councell did not know how the returne to Trent could bee treated of with the honour and reputation of the Synode if those who remaine there doe not first goe to Bolonia to vnite with the rest and acknowledge the power of the Councell When this is done the returne in contemplation of Germanie may bee handled if that Nation will giue sufficient securitie to obey the Decrees as well to be made as made already He added that there was a fame spread that when the Councell returned to Trent the proceeding should bee popular and licentious Therefore the Fathers thought it necessary to haue good securitie that the order continued in the celebration of Councels from the Apostles time vntill this age should be obserued desiring also caution to stand secure and to be able to depart and translate also the Councell when it shall seeme fit to the maior part and to end it when they shall iudge that they haue attained the end for which it was called desiring his Holinesse not to compell them to that which would bee against the honour of God and libertie of the Church The Pope hauing receiued these letters when the Masse was ended on Which the Pope doeth communicito to the Cardinals in Consistory to the Emperours Ambassador Saint Iohn the Euangelists day beeing returned to the Chamber of the robes with the Cardinals did communicate the Councels answere vnto them which beeing approoued by the maior part he caused Mendoza to bee called and related vnto him the opinion of the Synode approoued also by the Cardinals adding that there was nothing that he was not willing to doe for Germanies sake that the Emperour was a good witnesse hereof that he was sure that the demand which he the Ambassador had made in the name of Caesar Ferdinand and the Empire had a condition annexed that is if it may bee with the peace and profit of other Nations and liberty of the Church which being assembled in a generall Councell seeing it hath iudged otherwise and that the Colledge of Cardinals was of the same opinion he could not choose but repute it iuridicall and
this respect another accident was as grieuous as the former But more with the capitulations of the peace of Cambray that is the peace made at Cambray the third of Aprill betweene the Kings of France and Spaine which was well confirmed by the marriages of the daughter of Henry to the King of Spaine and of his sister to the Duke of Sauoy In which peace amongst other capitulations it was agreed that both the Kings should make a faithfull promise to labour ioyntly that the Councell should bee celebrated the Church reformed and the differences of religion composed The Pope considered how goodly a shew the title of reformation and the name of a Councell did make that England was lost and all Germany also partly by the Protestants and partly by his difference with Ferdinand that these two vnited Kings were much offended by him the Spaniards by deedes and words the French by words at the least there remayning none to whom he might haue refuge that the Cardinals were wearie of his gouernement and his people not well affected in regard of the incommodities of the warre and the taxes layd vpon them These cogitations did so afflict the old Pope that hee was vnfit to rule Hee could not holde the Consistories so often as hee was woont and when hee did holde So that hee became vnfit to rule them hee spent the most part of the time in speaking of the Inquisition and exhorting the Cardinals to fauour it as beeing the onely way to extinguish heresies But the two Kings did not agree to procure the Councell for any ill will or interests which either of them had against the Pope or Papacie but to prouide against the new doctrines which did exceedingly increase being willingly heard and receiued by all men of conscience and which was of more The progresse of the reformed religion and y e meanes vsed to suppresse it importance the male-contented and those who were desirous of innouations put themselues on that side and did dayly vnder pretence of religion make some enterprises as well in the Low Countries as in France in regard those people did loue their libertie and had commerce with Germanie as bordering vpon it In the beginning of the troubles some seedes were sowed which that they might not take roote the Emperour Charles the fifth in the Low Countries and the French King in his Kingdome made many Edicts and commanded diuers executions whereof wee haue spoken in their due places But after that the number of the Protestants did increase in Germanie and the Euangeliques did multiply amongst the Suisses and the separation was made in England by reason of the often warres betweene the Emperour and French King either partie was forced to call Auxiliaries out of these three Nations who publikely professing and preaching the Reformed religion in their quarters by their example and by other meanes diuers of the people became of their opinion It is certaine that this compelled Charles the Emperour to attempt the bringing in of the Spanish Inquisition seeing that other remedies did not preuaile though hee was partly forced to desist for the causes before related And Henry the French King gaue the Bishops authoritie to punish heretiques a thing neuer vsed before in that Kingdome And although in the Low Countries from the first Edict of Charles vntill this time of the peace there were hanged beheaded buried aliue and burned to the number of fifty thousand and very many put to death in France In the Low Countries 50000 were executed for religion in a short time and very many in France yet both places were then in worse case then euer This made the Kings to thinke ioyntly of finding a remedie by the great perswasion of the Cardinall of Loraine for the French and of Granuel Bishop of Arras for the Spaniards who being in Cambray from October vntill Aprill with other Deputies of the two Kings to treate a peace did conferre particularly amongst themselues how that doctrine might be rooted out and were afterwards the chiefe instruments of whatsoeuer did happen in both States The cause they Whereof the Cardinall of Loraine and Granuel Bishop of Arras were causes alledged to be the zeale of religion and the seruice of their Princes but it was vniuersally beleeued that it was rather ambition and a deseigne to enrich themselues by the spoyles of those who were to be condemned The peace beeing made the King of Spaine to begin to giue some order not being able to bring in the Inquisition openly thought to doe it obliquely The King of Spaine erecteth Bishoprickes in the Low Countries that hee might more easily bring in the Inquisition by the Bishops But there beeing but two Bishopricks in the Low Countries Cambray and Vtrect and the residue of the Clergie subiect to the Bishops of Germanie and France and those two Bishoprickes also subiect to forraigne Arch-bishops to whom appeales could not be denied so that he could not worke his will by meanes of them hee thought fit to free all that Clergie from the subiection of Bishops who were not his subiects and to institute three Arch-bishoprickes in those Countries Meclin Cambray and Vtrect and to erect into Bishoprickes Anwerp Balduck Gant Bridges Ipre S. Omar Namur Harlem Middleburgh Lewarden Groninghe Ruremond and Dauenter annexing vnto them for reuenewes some rich Abbies Hee caused the Pope to approoue all this by his Bull dated the ninth of May the same yeere The pretence for doing of this was that formerly those Countries beeing not much inhabited did not neede a greater number of Bishops but now the multitude of people and dignitie of the Cities did require they should bee honoured with Ecclesiasticall titles Yet the Nobilitie and Comminalty did imagine it was an art to bring in the Inquisition in which opinion they were confirmed when they saw the Popes Bull. For according to the vse of Rome to enlarge their power or profit in euery bargaine he alledged for a cause of that new institution that that Countrey was compassed and as it were besieged by Schismatiques who did not obey him the Head of the Church so that the true faith was in great danger by the fraudes and insidiations of the Heretiques if new and good Gardians were not placed ouer them This occurrence made the Nobilitie to adhere together and to thinke how to make resistance before there was meanes to compell them by force of armes Which maketh the Nobility to combine and refuse to pay tribute They resolued therefore not to pay tribute vntill the Spanish Souldiers were remooued out of the Countrey and began to incline more to the new opinion and to fauour it which caused the other troubles which shall bee spoken of But the French King desirous to make prouision that the Lutheran sect The French King entreth into the Mercuriall should not more encrease in the Kingdome vnderstanding that some of the Counsellors of the Parliament were infected with
preserue the Church exhorting all to employ all their endeauours to establish it in Italy and wheresoeuer else they could The Pope being newly dead or rather still breathing there did arise by reason of the great hatred conceiued by the people against him and his whole house such tumults in Rome that the Cardinals were more troubled with these as being neere and vrgent then with those that were common to all Christendome The Citie was all in sedition the head of the Popes statua The people shew their detestation of him was beaten off and drawen through the streetes the prisons broken open and more then foure hundred prisoners set at libertie and going to Ripeta where the Inquisition was they did not onely take out the imprisoned but burnt the place and all the processes and writings kept there and they had almost burned the Conuent of Minerua where the Fryars imployed in that office doe dwell The Colledge of Cardinals had recalled Caraffa in the life time of the Pope and in the first congregation which they held after his death they deliuered the Cardinall Morone out of the Castle who was readie Card Morone was set at libertie who was ready to be sentenced for an heretique to bee censured for an Heretique A great question was made whether he could haue a voyce in the election being opposed by those who thought him their aduersary But at the last it was resolued on his side The Cardinals were forced to consent that all the moueable armes and monuments of the house of Caraffa should be torne in pieces and the immoueable demolished Being assembled in the Conclaue the fift of September eight dayes after the iust time because they were hindred by those inconueniences they made capitulations which according to custome were sworne to by all that they might giue some order for the gouernement which was wholly confused by the too great seueritie of Paul 4. Two of them did belong to the Capitulatiōs sworne vnto by the Cardinals in the Conclaue matter whereof we treat one that the difference with the Emperour which might hazard the losse of all the residue of Germanie should bee composed and hee acknowledged for Emperour the other that for the necessitie of France and Flanders the Councell as the onely remedie against heresies should be restored The Papacie was vacant longer then the necessitie of the time did comport not so much for the discords of the Cardinals as for the interests of Princes who did interpose more then they were wont While they were locked vp in the Conclaue King Philip going from the Low Countries into Spaine by sea with resolution neuer to remooue thence fell into a storme in which almost all the fleet was wracked his houshold stuffe of very 1559 PIVS 4. FERDINAND ELIZABETH FRANCIS 2. King Philip is in great perill at sea Who at his arriuall in Spaine vseth great seueritie against the Lutherans great valew lost and himselfe hardly escaped Hee said he was deliuered by the singular prouidence of GOD to root out Lutheranisme which hee presently began to doe For the 24. of September so soone as he was arriued in Seuil to giue an example in the beginning of his gouernment and to leaue no hope to any he caused Iohannes Pontius Count of Bayleno together with a preacher and many others of the Colledge of S. Isidore where the new religion was entred to be burned for Lutherans as also some Noble women to the number of thirteene and last of all the statue of Constantinus Pontius Confessor to Charles the fifth who serued him in his retyred life and held him in his armes when he dyed This man dyed in prison a few dayes before where he was put immediatly after the Emperours death for imputation of Heresie which execution though against an vnsensible statue increased the feare because euery one concluded that no conniuencie nor mercie could be hoped for from the King who bare no respect to him whose infamie did dishonour the memorie of the Emperour deceased Afterwards he went to Validolid where he caused twentie eight of the prime Nobilitie of the Countrey to be burned in his presence and kept Fryar Bartholomew Caranza in prison mentioned often in the first reduction of the Councell of Trent who was Arch-bishop of Toledo chiefe Prelate of Spaine taking from him all the reuenewes And it cannot be denied that these executions with others which daily succeeded though not so exemplarie kept those Countreys in quiet while all other places were full of sedition For although the new opiniōs were sowed in the minds of many especially of the Nobilitie yet they were concealed within their hearts in regard of the close nature of the Spaniards who abhorre dangers neuer aduenturing vpon hard enterprises but ayming to prooceed securely The Kings death in France which they reformed did ascribe to miracle increased their courage though they durst not shew themselues openly in Paris For his sonne Francis the new king after he was consecrated at Rhemes The young French King imirateth the seueritie of his father the twentieth of September gaue order to prosecute the processe of the Counsellors who were in prison and deputed the President of S. Andreas and the Inquisitor Antonius de Mocares to discouer the Lutherans The Iudges hauing gained some of the common sort formerly professors of that religion had notice of the places where they did secretly assemble Therfore many both men and women were imprisoned and many fled whose goods were confiscated after a citation by three Edicts And by the example of Paris the same was done in Poytou Tholouse and Aix of Prouence by the instigation of George Cardinall of Armignac who not to abandon that enterprise would not goe to Rome to the election of the pope vsing all diligence that those who were discouered might be apprehended The professors of that religion being stirred vp hereby and imboldened because they knew they were many sent about many writings against the King and Queene and those of Loraine by whom the King was gouerned authours of the persecution intermixing some points of doctrine which being willingly read by all as things composed by publique libertie did imprint the new religion in the minds of many In the end of the processe against the Counsellers after along contestation all were absolued except Anne du Burg who was burnt the eighteenth of December not so much by the inclination of the Iudges as by the resolution of the Queen prouoked against him because the Lutherans did diuulge in many writings libels spread abroad that the King had been wounded in the eye by the prouidence of God for a punishment of his words vsed against Anna Borges is burned du Bourg that he would see him burnt But the death and constancie of a man so conspicuous did make many curious to know what religion that was for which he had so couragiously indured punishment made the number increase which augmenting
and without feare and that the Kings protection was sufficient to maintaine him This beeing reported to the Legates was a cause that they were heard with much patience though they said that the institution and iurisdiction of Bishops The French opinion concerning the Popes authoritie was de iure diuino as well as that of the Pope and that there was no difference but in degree of superioritie and that the Popes authority is confined within the limits of the Canons relating and commending the stile of the Parliaments of France that when any Popes Bull is presented which containeth any thing contrary to the Canons receiued in France they pronounce it to bee abusiue and forbid the execution This libertie made the Papalins vse more respect in their speaches though the prouerbe pleased them so well that sometimes some of the merrie Prelates could not forbeare to vse it The pretence for the absence of the Cardinall of Loraine was the aduice of the death of the King of Nauarre which came to Trent that day This The death of the King of Nauar made a great change in Trent and in France Prince wounded with a bullet at the siege of Roan in September was neuer well cured and at the last died Neere vnto his death hee receiued the Communion after the Catholique manner at the perswasion of his Physitian Visentius Laurus and afterwards wauered towards the doctrine of the Protestants and so died the tenth of Nouember This accident made a great mutation in the Councell and Loraine did suddenly change all his desseignes For that King had a principall hand in the Commissions giuen to the Cardinall at his departure so that hee was vncertaine whether after his death the Queene and others would continue in the same heat Besides he saw a manifest change in the whole gouernement and therefore desired to bee in France that himselfe might beare part of it also For the Prince of Conde beeing in open dissention distrusting the Queene and those who had power with her the Cardinall of Bourbon vncapable Montpensier in small credit the Constable old of whom many also were emulous hee had a great conceit that his brother might bee the Chiefe for Armes and himselfe for counsell And hee ruminated these things in his minde thinking but little of the Councell and of Trent where hee was The other Frenchmen sayd openly they ought to thanke God for the death of the King because he began to wauer and to ioyne his owne interests with those of his brother and of the other Hugonots The next day being the eighth of December was all spent in ceremonies for the election of Maximilian King of the Romanes The Arch bishop of Prague sang the Masse of the holy Ghost with the assistance of the whole Councell the Bishop of Tininia made a sermon in commendation of the Prince and the Cardinals and Ambassadours were inuited by Prague So soone as the Diet was assembled in Francfort the Prince of Conde sent not onely to demaund assistance from the Protestant Princes but also to treat an vnion of the Hugonots with those of the Confession of Ausburg and in particular to make a ioynt demand for a free new Councel in which the resolutions of Trent might bee examined the French-men of the old Catholike Religion giuing hope also that they would agree vnto it because it had been promised to the Ambassadour of France who afterwards was created Cardinall della Bordissiera that it should be done But the Dutch Protestants were most auerse from the Councell so long as Germany might bee in peace without it And therefore a booke was printed in Francfort full of excuses and reasons why they neither would nor could come to Trent with protestation of the nullitie of all that was and would be done in that place The King was first anointed and crowned King of Bohemia in Prague The coronation of the King of Bohemia in presence of his father the Emperour by that Arch-bishop who went from Trent into Bohemia to performe that ceremonie that the King might haue a voyce in the Imperiall Diet. Beeing come to Francfort they were forced to expect vntill the Canons of Colon had elected their Arch-bishop because that Sea was then void so that the Princes had much time to handle many matters expecting still in that place that the number of seuen might bee full by the Coronation in Bohemia and the election in Colen They were troubled in Rome with these thimgs and afraid that the Diet would send to Trent to protest and that some new forme would bee vsed in the coronation and the old abolished which would shew an inclination to depart from the ancient Rites or that some promise would bee made by the new King preiudiciall to the Popes authoritie But the Emperour and the King vsed much arte to diuert the handling of points of Religion before the Election which was made the 24 of Nouember and the coronation the last The election of the King of the Romanes of that moneth In which the Electors and other Protestant Princes stood at the Masse vntill the Gospell was read and then they went foorth This onely was new But the Popes Nuncio tooke place aboue the Electours and Ambassadours The coronation being past the Emperour beganne to practise with some of the Protestants that they would adhere to the Councell of Trent who not to bee preuented assembling themselues together presented to the Emperour the answere promised 20. moneths before to his Ambassadours in the assembly at Namburg which was deferred vntill then Conditions required by the Protestāts of Germany before they would assist the Councel In which hauing declared the causes why they had inmany Imperiall Diets appealed and did appeale againe vnto a free Councell they added the conditions which they held to bee necessary with which they offeredto assist in a future generall Councel 1. That it should bee celebrated in Germanie 2. That it should not bee intimated by the Pope 3. That hee should not preside but bee part of the Councel subiect to the determinations thereof 4. That the Bishops and other Prelates should bee freed from their oath giuen to the Pope that they may freely and without impediment deliuer their opinions 5. That the holy Scripture might bee iudge in the Councel and all humaine authority excluded 6. That the Diuines of the States of the Augustan Confession sent to the Councel might not onely haue a consulting but deciding voice also and might haue a Safe-conduct both for their persones and for the exercise of their religion 7. That the decisions in Councel should not be made as in Secular matters by pluralitie of voices but the more sound opinions preferred that is those which were regulated by the word of God 8. That the acts of the Councel of Trent should bee made void because it is partiall celebrated by one part onely and not gouerned according to promise 9. That if a concord in
ab oue the Pope that Saint Peter had learned to abstaine from wordly matters whereas this his successor and no imitator did pretend to giue and to take honours from Kings that by the diuine Nationall and ciuill Law account was held of the Eldest sonne both in the life time and after the death of the father but Pius doth refuse to preferre the eldest King before those who were borne long after him that GOD in respect of Dauid would not diminish the dignitie of Solomon and Pius the fourth with out respect of the merites of Pipin Charles Lewis and of other Kings of France doeth pretend with his decree to take away the prerogatiues of the successors of those Kings that against the Lawes of GOD and man without any knowledge of the cause hee hath condemned the King taken his most ancient possession from him and pronounced against the cause of a pupil and widow that the ancient Popes when a generall Synod was celebrated haue neuer done any thing without approbation thereof and Pius hath without that Councell which representeth the Church vniuersall taken away the possession of the Orators of a King a pupill not cited sent not to him but to the Synod that to the end prouision might not bee made against it he hath vsed diligence to conceale his decree commancing the Legats vpon paine of excommunication to keepe it secret that the Fathers should consider whether these be the facts of Peter and other Popes and whether they the Ambassadours are not forced to depart from the place where Pius hath left no place for Lawes nor so much as any print of libertie of the Councell in regard nothing is proposed to the Fathers or published if it be not first sent from Rome that they did protest onely against that Pius the fourth adoring the Apostolike Sea and the Pope and the Church of Rome refusing onely to obey this man and to esteeme him the Vicar of CHRIST that they will alwayes haue in great veneration the Fathers but seeing that whatsoeuer is done is not done in Trent but in Rome and that the Decrees published are rather of Pius the fourth then of the Councell of Trent they will not receiue them for the Decrees of a generall Synod In conclusion he commanded the Prelates and Diuines in the Kings name to depart and to returne when GOD should restore the due forme and libertie to generall Councels and the King receiue his due place But there was no occasion to protest For the Count considered finally that howsoeuer the Spanish party was greater in number of Prelats then the French yet because the dependants of the Pope who at the first were on this side when they vnderstood the will of his Holines would now knowing that a dispatch was made to Rome for this cause thinke fit he should desist vntill the answere and the new order came and therefore ioyne with the French his side would prooue to bee the weaker Therefore inclining to a composition and all the other Ambassadours and the Cardinall Madruccio interposing after many difficulties they agreed that neither Incense nor the Pax should be giuen in the publique ceremonies vntill the answere of the King of Spaine did come This accord displeased the Popes dependants who would haue beene glad of that occasion to interrupt the progresse of the Councell as also those who beeing weary of Trent and nor seeing how the Councell could either proceed or be ended desired the interruption as the lesser euill that the discords might not increase It is certaine that the Pope himselfe receiuing aduice of this composition did take it ill in regard of the same feare that the discords may not bee made greater and some euill enâ—de And the Spanish ministers in Italy did all blame the Count for letting slippe so fauourable an occasion for the seruice of the King This controuersie being composed the Legats intent vpon the celebration How the difficulties in the points for the next Session were remooued of the Session because the time approched consulted what might 〈◊〉 done to remooue the differences Loraine proposed the omission of the two articles that is of the Institution of Bishops and of the authority of the Pope as things wherein the parties were to passionate and concerning Bishos to say nothing but what concerneth the power of Order To some of the Papalins this seemed a good remedie but to others not who said that this would bee attributed to the Pope as if the forme last composed did not please him and the Princes would wonder why his Holines should not rest content hauing the same power giuen him which Saint Peter had which would haue giuen matter of discourse to the heretiques Besides the Spaniards would take occasion to haue little hope hereafter to agree together in any thing whence infinite difficulties would arise in other matters also Moreouer there might bee a doubt whether it could be effected because it was probable that many of the Fathers Would require that those Articles should bee declared The Cardinall of Loraine offered that the Frenchmen should not require it and so to labour with the Spaniards that they also should be content adding that in case the Legats would doe the like with the Italians who doe with too much passion oppose the others all would bee composed And very fitly order camefrom the Emperour to his Ambassadours to vse all meanes that the authoritie of the Pope should not bee discussed in Councell which his Maiestie did because hee saw the maior part was inclined to enlarge it and feared that something might bee determined which might make his concord with the Protestants more difficult The Ambassadours hauing treated with the Legats in conformitie hereof as also with Loraine and other principall Prelates did cause this Article to bee omitted as also that other of the Institution of Bishops But first they made many consultations about it admitting vnto them the Prelates which were of greatest note and had most followers sometimes more sometimes fewer that they might so dispose of matters as that all might rest contented and the Decrees of the prouisions made against the abuses were giuen sorth Concerning the first point which was of the election of Bishops the Ambassadors of Spaine and Portugall did sharply oppose this particular that the Metropolitans should examine the persons promoted to Bishoprikes whereof much hath beene said before saying that this was to subiect the Kings to the Prelats their subiects because authoritie was indirectly giuen them to reiect the Kings nominations The French Ambassadors beeing demanded what their opinion was made shew they did not câ—re whether it were decreed or not Whereupon the Popish Prelats who thought it as diminution to the Popes authoritie sayd that all that point might bee omitted especially because in the fift Session sufficient prouision was made in that matter But others opposing hotely a conclusion was made by common consent that it should bee deforred vntill the next
And hauing changed his mind maketh a long discourse in Consistorie those of the house of Colonna and abolished the Monitory sent out against the Cardinall called a Consistory the thirteenth of September in which hee comiserated in a long discourse the calamities of Christendome bewayled the death of the King of Hungarie and attributed all misfortune to the anger of God stirred vp by sinne confessing that all began from the deformation of the Clergy Hee shewed how it was necessary for the appeasing of it to begin for so hee said from the house of God wherein hee would giue example in his owne person He excused the raysing of armes and the Processe against those of the house of Colonna exhorted the Cardinalls to amend their manners said hee would goe in person to all the Princes to negotiate an vniuersall Peace resolute rather to die then to leaue this enterprise vntill he had brought it to effect yet assuredly trusting in God to see the conclusion thereof The which being obtained hee resolued to call a generall Councell to extinguish the diuision in the Church and to take away the heresies Hee exhorted the Cardinalls euery one to thinke of and propose vnto him all those meanes which they thought might serue for these two endes that is to plant peace and roote out heresie The Popes discourse was published throughout Rome and Italie and Copies thereof were The Popes discourse was thought not to be sincere sent abroad by many and though it was much helped by the commendation of his followers yet few beleeued it to bee sincere 88 But in Spaine the two letters being presented by the Popes Nuncio to the Emperour the one a day after the other there was much surmising raised in the Counsell of that Prince Some of them beleeued that Clement repenting himselfe of the bitternesse of the first had wrot the second for a medicine wherefore they aduised that no notice should bee taken thereof And this opinion was increased by a report giuen out by the Nuncio that Surmises in Spaine concerning the two Briefes of the Pope by the second hee had receiued order that if the first were not deliuered it should not bee deliuered at all but sent backe againe and the second onely consigned The wiser sort saw well enough that if the Pope had repented hee might haue preuented the first Corrier by causing the second to make more hast moreouer that it was not likely that so wise a Prince as hee would resolue to write so bitterly without great consultation Therefore they thought it was a kind of cunning to make a protestation and not to haue an answer And it was resolued that the Emperour should imitate him answering The Emperour maketh two answeres to the first with termes fitting seuerity and a day after to the second according to the forme thereof 89 And so it was done and an apologeticall letter was written by the Emperour the seuenteenth of September which in the originall conteined 22. The first conteined 22 sheets of 〈◊〉 all paper sheetes of royall paper which Mercurius Gattinara presented open to the Nuncio and read it to him and sealed it in his presence and consigned it that hee might cause it to be deliuered to the Pope In the beginning of the letter the Emperour shewed that the forme which the Pope held was disproportionable to the duty of a true Pastor and not correspondent to the filiall obedience which hee had performed towards the Apostolicall Sea and his Holinesse who so praysed his owne actions and so condemned his with titles of ambition and auarice that he was constrained to declare his innocency And beginning the narration from what happened in the time of Leo afterwards in the time of Adrian and finally in his Papacie he shewed that he had a good intention in all his actions and was inforced to doe as hee had done laying the fault vpon the Pope Hee repeated many benefits which hee had done him and on the contrary side many treaties which the Pope had made against him in diuers occasions and in conclusion he said that he desired nothing more then the publique quiet an vniuersall peace and the iust liberty of Italie Which things if they were desired by his Holinesse hee ought to lay downe his weapons putting Peters sword into the sheath For this foundation being laid it was easie to build peace thereupon and to apply themselues to correct the errours of the Lutherans and other heretiques wherein hee should haue found him an obedient sonne But if his Holinesse did otherwise hee protested before God and men that hee could not bee blamed for none of these sinister chances which should happen to Christian Religion promising that if hee will admit his iustifications as true and lawfull hee will not remember any iniuries receiued But if hee shall continue to beare armes against him because this will not bee the office of a father but of a party nor of a Pastor but of an assayler it will not be conuenient that hee bee iudge in those causes and there being none other vnto whom recourse may he had against him for his own iustification hee will referre all to the knowledge and iudgement of a generall Councell of all Christendome exhorting his Holinesse in the Lord to intimate it in a secure and fit place limiting vnto it a conuenient terme For seeing the state of the Church and of Religion to be altogether troubled to prouide for his owne and the Common-wealths safety hee flieth to that sacred and vniuersall Councell and appealeth vnto it against all the threats past and grieuances to come 90 The answer to the second was made the eighteenth and in that he said that hee was glad to see his Holinesse treat more louingly and to desire peace The Emperours answer to the second Briefe more earnestly in his second letters which if it were as much in his power to establish as it is in the power of others to make warre he should see what his mind was Although he thinketh that his Holines speaketh as thrust forward by others not of his voluntary mind and hopeth in God that hee will rather procure the publique good then follow the affections of other men Wherefore he prayeth him to behold the calamities of Christendome For he calleth God to witnesse that he will be alwaies ready to let euery one know that he hath none other end then the glory of God and the safety of his people as he hath written more at large in the other letters 91 The Emperour the sixt of October wrot also to the Colledge of Cardinalls that he was exceedingly grieued that the Pope forgetting the Papall The Emperor writeth to the Colledge of Cardinals dignity went about to disturbe the publique quiet and when he thought hee had giuen peace to the whole world by making the accord with the French King that letters came to him from his Holinesse such as hee neuer thought would
to hinder the desolation of Germany and that not to speake of a Councell was willingly to runne into a ciuill warre In the second place the King treated with them that they would be contented with a Councell in Italie But neither did the Germans agree vnto this for they sayd that this match was worse then the first because that constrained them onely to make warre but this cast them into a seruitude both of body and soule whereunto resistance could not be made but by a Councell in a free place yet condescending for his Maiesties sake to whatsoeuer they were able they would cease to demand to haue it celebrated in Germany so that another free place were appointed out of Italie though it were neere vnto it In the beginning of the yeere 1534. the King gaue the Pope an account 1534 of what hee had done and offered to bring to passe that the Protestants should bee contented with Geneua The Pope hauing receiued the aduise The Pope is displeased with the Propose of Geneua for the 〈◊〉 place of the Councell was vncertaine whether the King though his confederate and kinsman would be glad to see him in troubles or if in this particular hee wanted that discretion which he shewed in other affaires But hee concluded that it was not good to vse him in this matter And writing vnto him thanked him for his paines without answering to the particular of Geneua and hee incouraged many of the Courtiers whose mindes were troubled assuring them that by no meanes he would consent to such a folly But this yeere the Pope in stead of regaining Germanie lost the obedience He looseth the obedience of England of England by proceeding rather with choler and passion then with wisedome necessarie in so great negotiations The accident was of great importance and greater consequence which to declare distinctly it is necessary to begin from the first causes whence it had its originall Catherine Infanta of Spaine sister to the mother of Charles the Emperour was married to Henry the eight King of England and was before the wife of Arthure Prince of Walles Henryes eldest brother after whose death their father gaue her in marriage to Henry who remained successor by the dispensation The cause of Pope Iulio the second This Queene was with child often and alwayes either miscaried or brought foorth a creature of a short life except one only daughter King Henry either for displeasure against the Emperor or for desire of issue male or for some other cause conceiued a scruple in his mind that the mariage was not good and taking counsell of his Bishops separated himselfe from her company The Bishops treated with the Queene that shee would be contented with a diuorce saying that the Popes dispensation was neither good nor true The Queene would not giue eare to them but had recourse to the Pope to whom the King also sent to craue a diuorce The Pope who was still retired in Oruieto and hoped for good conditions in his affaires if the fauours of France and England which still they performed were continued by molesting the Emperour in the kingdome of Naples sent into England the Cardinal Campeggio delegating the cause vnto him and the Cardinall of Yorke From these and from Rome the King had hope giuen him that in the end the sentence should bee on his side Yea to facilitate The Cardinals Campeggio and Wolsie were delegated by the Pope to heare the cause of the Kings diuorce the resolution that the solemnities of the iudgement might not draw the cause in length a briefe was framed in which hee was declared free from that marriage with the most ample clauses that euer were put into any Popes Bull and a Cardinall sent into England with order to present it after some few proofes were past which he was sure would easily be made And The Pope caused his Briefe which he had made in fauour of the diuorce to be burned this happened in the yeere 1524. But Clement iudging it fitter for compassing his designes vpon Florence as hath beene declared in its proper place to ioyne himselfe with the Emperour then to continue in the friendship of France and England in the yeere 1529. hee sent Francis Campana vnto Campeggio with order to burne the Briefe and to proceed slowly in the cause Campeggio began first to draw the cause in length and after to make difficultie of performing the promises made to the King Whereby beeing assured that the Iudge and his aduersaries did collude hee sent to the Vniuersities of Italie France and Germanie for a consultation in his cause where amongst A consultation about the cause of diuorce the Diuines some were contrary and some fauourable to his pretension The greater part of the Parisians were on his side and some beleeued that the Kings giftes more perswaded them then reason But the Pope either to gratifie the Emperour or for feare that in England by meanes of the Cardinall of Yorke something might happen not according The Pope to gratifie the Emperour recalleth Campeggio to his minde as also to giue occasion to Campeggio to part from thence called the cause to himselfe The King impatient of delay either because he knew their cunning or for some other cause published the diuorce with his wife and married Anne Bullen in the yere 1533. yet still the cause depended before the Pope in which he was resolued to proceede slowly to The King in 〈…〉 yeth 〈◊〉 Bulle◠satisfie the Emperour and not offend the King Therefore some by points rather were handled then the merits of the cause And the disputation grew vpon the Article of the Attentats in which the Pope gaue sentence against the King declaring that it was not lawfull for him by his owne authoritie without the Ecclesiasticall Iudge to separate himselfe from his wife For which cause the King in the beginning of this yeere 1534 denied the Pope obedience commanding all his subiects not to carry any money to Rome The King causeth the Peter-pence to be denied the Pope nor to pay the ordinary Peter-pence This infinitely troubled the Court of Rome and dayly they consulted of a remedie They thought to proceede against the King with censures and to interdict all Christian Nations all commerce with England But the moderate Counsell pleased best to temporize with him and to mediate a composition by the French King King Francis accepted the charge and sent the Bishop of Paris to Rome to negotiate a pacification with the Pope where they still proceeded in the cause but gently and with resolution not to come to censures if the Emperour did not proceede first or at the same time with his forces They had diuided the cause into three and twenty Articles and then they handled whether Prince Arthure had had carnall coniunction with Queene Catherine in this they spent time vntill mid-lent was past when the nineteenth of March newes came that a
iusticed they should doe their businesse with too much feare Notwithstanding the Pope forsooke not his resolution but found a temper neuer vsed by any of his predecessors to lift vp the thunderbolt with his hand and to threaten to shoote yet to hold it without flinging it abroad and so to satisfie the Cardinals the Court and others and not to put the Papal authoritie in hazard Therefore he framed a Processe and most seuere sentence against that King the thirtieth of August 1535. and withall suspended the publication during his pleasure Yet secretly he let the copie goe into the hands of some that hee knew would cause it to bee deliuered to the King dispersing the rumor of the Bull that was framed and the suspension with fame that very suddenly hee would remooue the suspension and come to publication yet with deseigne neuer to proceede so farre And though hee wanted not hope that the King either for feare of the excommunication framed or by the inclination of his people or by the satietie of punishments vsed against those that disobeyed his Decree would induce himselfe or by the mediation of the Emperour or French King when by reason of the occurrences of the world hee should bee constrained to vnite himselfe with either of them would bee induced to yeeld yet he was principally mooued by the forenamed cause that he might not shew the weakenesse of his weapons and more confirme the King in his separation But in the end of three yeeres hee changed his purpose by reason of the prouocation which the King seemed to vse against him by sending out manifests against all his callings of the Councell and by opposing his actions though without particular offence of his person and lastly by hauing prosecuted cited condemned S. Thomas of Canterbury for a traitour to the The King of England senteneeth S. Thomas Bec 〈…〉 kingdome with confiscation of goods whom Alexander the third canonized in the yeere 1171. for being slaine in defence of the Ecclesiasticall power and liberty whose solemne feast the Church of Rome doth annually obserue which sentence was executed by taking the bones out of the graue which were publikely burned by the hangman and the ashes sprinkled in the riuer putting his hands into the treasures ornaments and reuenues of the Churches dedicated to him which was to touch a secret of the Popedome of farre greater importance then the matter of the Councel Whereunto ioyning some hope which hee conceiued from the conference with the French King which was that he would assist the malecontents of England so soone as hee was free from the warres with the Emperour the 17. of December he brandished the thunder-bolt of excommunication made three yeeres before and opened his hand to cast it forth which all this while was readie to doe it The causes alleadged were in substance these The diuorce obedience The causes of the excommunication and the punishments taken away the death of the Cardinall of Rochester and the proceeding against S. Thomas The punishments to the King were depriuation of his Kingdome and to his adherents of whatsoeuer they possessed commanding his Subiects to denie him obedience and strangers to haue any commerce in that kingdome and all to take armes against and to persecute both himselfe and his followers granting them their states and goods for their prey and their persons for their slaues But how much the Popes Briefe was esteemed and his commandements The excommunication was generally contemned obserued the leagues confederations peaces treaties which by the Emperour French King and other Catholique Princes were made with that King doe euidently declare In the beginning of the yeere 1539 new controuersies being raised in 1539 Germanie about religion and perhaps by men ofbad intentions who vsed it but for a pretence there was an assembly held in Francfurt whither the An assembly is helde in Francfurt about religion Emperour sent a commissioner and after long disputation there it was by his consent concluded the 19. of April that there should bee a conference in Noremberg the first of August to create quietly and louingly of Religion 1539 PAVL 3. 1. C 〈…〉 15. HENRY 8. 3. F 〈…〉 where on the one side and the other besides the Doctors other persons of wisedome were to be present sent by the Emperour King Ferdinand and other Princes to superintend at the colloquie and deale betweene the parties and what was determined by common consent should be signified to all the orders of the Empire and ratified by the Emperor in the next Diet. The Catholikes would haue the Pope intreated to send also some person to the conferent 〈◊〉 but the Protestants thought it contrary to their protestation and therefore it was not done This newes of the assembly being arriued at Whereat the Pope was much offended Rome the Pope was offended as well because there should be a treatie about Religion in Germanie as because it derogated from the credit of the Councell intimated though hee cared very little to haue it celebrated and more particularly because there was a dispute to admit of one to bee sent by him and in the end his authoritie wholly reiected Therefore hee suddenly dispatched into Spaine the Bishop of Monte Pulciano whose principall message was to perswade the Emperour not to confirme yea rather to annihilate the Decrees of that Diet. The Nuncio had a great and long instruction first to complaine grieuously He sendeth a Nuncio to the Emperor of the demeanor of Iohn Vessalius Archbishop of London his Commissary who forgetting his oath made to that Sea and infinite Benefits receiued from the Pope and the instruction giuen him by the Emperour had consented to the demands of the Lutherans with preiudice of the Apostolique Sea and dishonour of his imperiall Maiestie That London was corrupted with gifts and promises the Citie of Ausburg hauing giuen him 250. thousand Florins of gold and the King of Denmarke promised him 4. thousand Florins yeerely out of the fruits of his Archbishoprique of London which was taken from him That he thought to take a wife and forsake the Church A Citie in Denmarke and had neuer entred into holy orders The Nuncio had commandement to shew to the Emperour that if the things which London had graunted were confirmed by him they would shew that hee was not a sonne of the Apostolique Sea and that all the Catholique Princes of Germanie complained thereof and were of opinion that his Maiestie would not confirme them Hee gaue order also to propose vnto him his interests concerning the Dutchie of Ghelderland and the election of the King of the Romans to moue him the more putting him also in minde that hee could not haue Germanie at his disposition by tolerating the Lutheran heresies as London and others did perswade For it is a thing long since knowen that principalities cannot in likelihood be preserued where Religion is lost or where two religions are suffered
Emperours cunning who assayed to incite the Pope against him he coused the Lutheranes to be really proceeded against and commanded that a forme to discouer and accuse them should bee instituted in Paris proposing punishments to the councealors of them and rewards to the delators Afterwards hauing full notice what Caesar had written to the Pope he wrote also He writeth also to the Pope against the Emperour vnto him a long apologie for himselfe and an inuectiue against the Emperour vpbraiding him with the surprise and sacke of Rome and with the derision added to the losse by making processions in Spaine for the Popes deliuery whom himselfe kept prisoner Hee discoursed of all the offences betweene himselfe and the Emperour and laid all the blame on him Hee concluded that it could not bee ascribed to him that the Councel of Trent was hindered or foreslowed because hee gained nothing by it and that this was farre from the examples of his ancestors by whose imitation hee vsed all endeauours to preserue religion as the edicts and executions made in France did very well demonstrate Therefore hee prayed his Holinesse not to beleeue the calumnies and to assure himselfe that hee should finde him ready to assist him in all occasions either of his owne or of the Church of Rome The Pope not to preiudice the office of a common Father whereof his predecessours did euer make ostentation sent Legats to both the Princes to mediate a pacification Cardinall 〈◊〉 to the Emperour and 〈◊〉 to The Pope as deth 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 or paci 〈…〉 the French King to pray them to forget priuate iniuries for the publique cause and to bee reconciled that their discords may not hinder the peace of religion To Cardinall Contarini who immediatly dyed he substituted Cardinall Cardinal Contarini dieth Viseus whereat the Court 〈…〉 led because hee was not gracious with the Emperour to whom he was sent And though the warre waxed hote in so many places yet the Pope thinking that the wronged his reputation The Pope sendeth 3. Legats to Trent 154 〈…〉 if he went not on with the Councell the 26 of August this yeere 1542. sent his Legats to Trent to the Synode which he had intimated Peter Paule Parisius Iohn Morone and Reginald 〈◊〉 the first as a learned and practised Canonist the second as a man fit for negotiation the third to shew that howsoeuer the King of England was alienated from the subiection of Rome yet the kingdome had a great part in the Councel To these he dispatched the mandat of the Legation commanding them to goe thither and to entertaine the Prelates and Ambassadours who came vnto them without making any publike act before they had receiued instructions which hee meant to send them in time conuenient The Emperour also vnderstanding the deputation of the Legats though The Emperor sendeth Ambassadours and Prelats to Trent and so doth the Pope but the Councell doth not begin as the case did then stand he hoped for no good yet that the Pope might do nothing to his preiudice he sent thither for his Ambassadours Don Diego his resident in Venice and Nicholas Granuel together with his Sonne Anthony Bishop of Arras and somefew Bishops of the kingdome of Naples The Pope besides his Legats sent thither some Bishops whom he esteemed most faithfull with order not to make too much hast in their iourney As well the Popes men as the Emperours arriued at the time appointed These presented to the Legats the Emperours mandat and desired that the Councel should be opened and the businesse begun The Legats make delay and said that it would be a dishonour to the Councell to begin it with so small a number especially where Articles of so great importance were to be handled as were those which the Lutherans did question The Imperialists replied that the matter of reformation might well bee handled which was more necessarie and not subiect to so many difficulties The others alleaged that it must bee applyed to the vse of diuers Nations so that the assistance of all was more necessarie therein In fine they passed to protestations to which the Legates not answering but referring the answere to the Pope no conclusion at all was made Granuell is sent to the 〈◊〉 in Noremberg and Don Dieg remaineth in Trent The end of that yeere approching the Emperor gaue order to Granuell to go to the Diet which was to be held in Noremberg in the beginning of the next and to Don Diego to remaine in Trent and to labour that the Councel should begin or at the least that those that were assembled should not depart that in the Diet he might make vse of that shadow of the Councell In Noremberg Granuel proposed the warre against the Turkes and that the Emperor might bee assisted against the French King The Protestants replied demanding that 1543 PAVL 3. C 〈…〉 HENRY 8. FRANCIS 1. the differences of Religion might be composed and the oppressions which the ludges of the Chamber vsed against them vnder other pretences though indeed for that cause might be taken away Granuel answered that it neither could nor ought to be done in that place and time because a Councell was assembled in Trent to that end But the excuse was in vaine because the Protestants The Protestants refuse to go to Trent and D. Diego returneth to Venice approued not the Councell and sayd plainely that they would not be there The Diet ended without conclusion and Don Diego returned to his Ambassage at Venice though the Legats intreated that to giue reputation to the businesse he would entertaine himselfe there vntill they receiued answer from the Pope The Emperours Ambassadour being gone the Bishops of the Empire followed The Legats being left alone were recalled and all the others hauing leaue to depart vnder diuers colours at the last the Legats after they had beene there seauen moneths without doing anything were recalled by the Pope And this was the end of that Congregation The Emperor being parted from Spaine by sea to go into Germany by the way of Italy the Pope resolued to speake with him some where and desired it should be in Bolonia And to this end he sent Peter Aloisius his sonne to Genua to inuite him But because his Maiestie would not goe out of his way not loose time in his voyage he sent the Cardinall Farnese to meet him and pray him to goe by the way of Parma where the Pope might expect him But after there being difficultie how the Emperour might enter into that Citie the twenty one of Iune 1543. they met in Busseto a Castle belonging to the Palauicini scituate vpon the riuer Tarus betweene Parma and Piacenza 1543 The Pope and Emperour meete in Busseto The ends of them both suffered not that the businesse of the Councell and of Religion should be the principall treatie betweene them But the Emperour being wholly bent against the French King
exclude the Arch-bishop of Collen sent two Commissaries to assemble all the orders of his Sate and to cause them to abandon him and to receiue for their Arch bishop Prince Adolphus his coaiutour yeâ—lding obedience and swearing side litievnto him The Cleargie was readie to doe it for the causes before recited but the Nobilite and Ambassadours of the Cities refusing saying they could not abandon a Prince vnto whom they had sworhe The Duke of Cloues bordering vpon him sent to the Arch bishop and caused 〈◊〉 â—â—of the Nobilitie to go thither also to pray him to find a mea 〈…〉 that the whole State might not bee dissolued with the great dammage of the neighbour 1547 PAVL 3. CHARLES 5. EDVVARD 6. FRANCIS 1. Who doth generously renounce his state Countries The Arch-bishop mooued with compassion to free the State from warre and that the innocent people might not suffer did generously renounce the State and absolue his subiects from the oath and so Adolphus was receiued for his successor whom he had alwaies loued as his brother and communicated to him whatsoeuer hee had done for reformation of the Church who was now of another opinion either because hee was truely changed or for some other respect In February newes came to Trent of the death of the King of England Thanks giuen to God and great ioy in Trent for the deâ—th of the K. of England which happened the moneth before The Fathers gaue thankes to GOD and went almost all to the Bishop of Worcesten congratulating that himselfe and the kingdome were as they sayd deliuered from the tyrannie of a cruell persecutor saying it was a miracle that he had left a sonne of but nine yeeres of age that he might not be able to tread in his Fathers steps And it is true that hee did not tread in them all For Henry though he had wholy taken away the Popes authoritie and punished his adherents capitally yet hee did euer constantly retaine all the residue of the doctrine of the Church of Rome But Edward for so his sonnes name was gouerned by his Vncle on the mothers side the Duke of Somerset who was inclined to the doctrine of the Protestants changed religion as shall be said in its place The Popes letters being come the Cardinall Sancta Croce was of opinion that it was good to mollifie the Prelates combined by granting some of the petitions which were granted from Rome thinking they would easily bee pacified with that determination The Cardinall of Monte sayd that to condescend to an inferior especially to a multitude was to make them pretend a greater satisfaction that first he would try his friends when he found he was fortified with the greater number hee would not retire an inch but if he found it otherwise hee would vse art After many discourses as it hapneth betweene Colleagues Sancta Croce yeelded to Monte who was more passionate They receiued aduise that the absent Prelates would bee returned before the end of February whose minds were sounded and many of them were found to adhere to the Pope These being confirmed with hope and others ensnared with the same baite that the Pope would take notice of euery A decree containing 15. heads is proposed in Congregation ones merit they caused the decree to be made with fifteen heads and proposed it in Congregation By this greater difficulties were raised In the Proheme by this exception Sauing alwaies the Apostolicall authoritie in all things Euery foole saw at what it aymed and that it inferred a pertinacious obstinacie in the abuses which they ought to remedie by preseruing their causes Yet none durst oppose but the Bishop of Badacoz who said it had need of declaration because And is there opposed the Councell ought not nor could impeach the authoritie of any much lesse of the Apostolike Sea acknowledged for Head of all the Catholiques But it seemed that the words there placed did signifie that in Rome the proceeding should be in those things as before and that the moderation should not haue power ouer dispensations and other inuentions by which the authoritie of the old Canons hath beene alwayes weakened In defence of the exception it was said that the Lawes of Councels are not as the Lawes naturall where equitie and rigour are the same thing that they are subiect to the common defect of all Lawes which by reason of their vniuersalitie ought to be moderated by equitie in cases not foreseene when it would bee vniust to put them in execution But because there is not alwayesa Councell to which recourse may be had nor it being possible to attend this when there is one the Popes authoritie is necessarie It was replyed that though all Lawes haue the defect of vniuersalitie yet all were published without exceptions that so they should now doe or otherwise it were as much as to say that ordinarily and not onely in rare cases and not foreseene the Pope might dispence with the contrary This opinion was not openly approoued by all who in their conscience But the opposers are 〈…〉 ced thought it true whereupon the Legat Monte taking courage sayd it was a subtiltie not to attribute as much to the Apostolike Sea as they were bound and so he made them all silent The Bishop of Badacoz demaunded that mention should bee made in that Proheme that the Article of residencie was not quite left off but deferred onely The Legates answered that this was a distrust of their promises and a vaine Obligation to doe that which was alwayes in their power Yet to satisfie so great a desire hee sayd it should bee added in the Proheme that all was decreed in prosecuting the point of residencie which they had begun whereby it would appeare that it was not ended in the other Session and that part did remaine to be handled Concerning the Heads of the qualities of Bishops and other Curates the Discourses aboue the qualiues of Bishops and Curates Arch-bishop Torre saide that they did not onely remedie the corruptions brought in but did weaken the ancient remedies For with such generall termes of age manners knowledge abilitie and worth euery one might bee canonized for an able man and to alleadge the decrees of Alexander was to nullifie all other Canons which prescribe other conditions For when one is alwayes named and the others purposely concealed it seemeth that there is some derogation to these that it was necessarie to say plainely what this grauitie of manners and knowledge of letters is which if it Were done euery Courtier would bee excluded for euer That the manners requisite are well repeated by Saint Paul and yet not regarded The learning and Doctorship which Paul requireth is the knowledge of Christian Doctrine and of the holy Writ that Honoriâ—s the third is not to be imitated who depriued a Bishop of the lower Saxâ—â—e because hee had not learned Grammar nor euer read Donatuâ— For the glosse saith he could not teach
diuers requests in priuate vnto some of those who remained in Trent to cause them to goe to Bolonia or at the least to make them depart from thence But they gained none but Galeatius Florimante Bishop of Aquila They laboured to bring to the Session all their friends that parted from Trent and that more should come also which was easie to doe by reason of the commodious passage from Rome thither Diuers Congregations were made in which nothing was handled but how they might defend the Translation to bee lawfull and to shew that those of Trent were bound to ioyne with them The 21. of April being come the day appointed for the Session with great concourse of all the people of Bolonia and much solemnitie the Legats The first Session in Bolonia accompanied with thirty foure Bishops went to the Councel house where nothing was done but a Decree read which sayd that it being resolued in Trent to translate the Synode to Bolonia and to celebrate the Session that day publishing Canons in matter of the Sacraments and of reformation yet considering that many Prelates of the Councel were imployed in their Churches by reason of the holy dayes of Easter hoping they will returne ere long that all may be done with honour and grauity the Synode hath deferred the celebration of that Session vntill the second of Iune reseruing power to themselues to abreuiate the terme It was decreed also to write letters in the name of the holy generall Synode to the Fathers remaining in Trent exhorting them to goe to Bolonia and to vnite themselues with the Body from which being separated they cannot bee called an Ecclesiasticall Congregation but doe giue much scandall to Christendome These letters beeing receiued in Trent were thought not to be discreet and did rather exasperate then mollifie their mindes Therefore they resolued not to answere for feare of making a contention and so to let the attempt fall which was ascribed to the Cardinall of Monte his too much liberty not to the moderation of that Assembly The Emperour who was in Saxonie with a puissant Army in the very face The Elector of Saxony is taken prisoner in battell and the Landgraue of Has 〈◊〉 th yeeld of that Elector wholly busied in martiall affaires had laid aside all thoughts of the Councell And the 24 of the same moneth hauing put his Armie in order vpon the riuer Elb called by the Latines Albi came to a set battell where the Duke Elector was wounded and taken prisoner and his Armie defeated The Protestant forces being weakened hereby the Landgraue was The Saxon is condemned to 〈◊〉 but his 〈◊〉 is â—â—uen vpon hard conditions enforced to yeelde and some few dayes after by the mediation of his sonne in law Mauritius and the Elector of Brandeburg did wilingly make his personall appearance The Duke was first condemned to die as a traytor and then his life was giuen him vpon diuers hard conditions all which hee accepted but his submission to the Councell in matter of religion And Caesar was content that the others beeing obserued this should be omitted Other conditions were proposed also to the Landgraue amongst which one was to obey the Decrees of the Councell of Trent whereunto he consented not but subscribed to referre himselfe to a godly and free Councell where the Head and the members might be reformed which also the Duke Maurice and the Elector of Brandeburg would doe They were both imprisoned the Saxon for euer and the Landgraue during the Emperours pleasure Caesar beeing made Lord of Germany by this victory became Master of a great deale of Artilery and drew much money from the Cities and Princes and to giue a peaceable forme to what he had atchieued by warre he ordayned a Diet in Ausburg These things did much afflict the Pope who considered that Italy was without helpe and remained at the Emperors discretion Yet he was comforted The Pope is afflicted in mind with the Emperors prosperity that hauing gotten the conquest by force hee would bee compelled to maintaine it by the same meanes and could not remoue his army from thence very soon In the mean space he had time to treat agree with the new French King and the Italians and to secure himselfe In all these troubles he was consolated being deliuered from feare of the Councell Hee commended aboue measure the resolution of the Cardinall Monte to whom hee attributed this benefit Hee resolued to send into France Ieronymus Boccaferrius a Romane Maketh a confederation with the new French King Cardinall of Saint George in shew to condole with the King for the death of his father and to giue him ioy of the beginning of his kingdome but with Commission to make intelligence and confederation with him The Pope gaue the Legate most ample power to grant the King all his demaunds in matter of Benefices without regarding the Decrees of the Tridentine Councel And sendeth a Legat into Germany And to be ready to embrace all occasions which might arise in Germanie to trouble the Emperour and that no resolution might be taken in the Diet to his preiudice he sent Francis Cardinall Sfondrato for Legate with instruction to treat with the Clergie and to keepe them in deuotion to make diuers propositions to the Emperour to establish the Councell in Bolonia which if it were not in a place of his owne subiection hee feared more then the Emperours Armes in Italy At this time there was a great sedition in Naples because the Viceroy D. A great commotion is raised in Naples by bringing in the Inquisition Pedro di Toledo desired to bring the Inquisition into the kingdome according to the custome of Spaine The Napolitans resisted and made a seditious crie throughout Naples God saue the Emperour and confound the Inquisition then being assembled they chose a Magistrate to defend them saying That when they yeelded their obedience to the Catholique King they made an expresse capitulation that causes of heresie should bee censured by ordinary Ecclesiasticall Iudges and that the particular office of the Inquisition should not bee brought in For this cause the Spaniards and Napolitans did seditiously take Armes and many were slaine and there was danger of rebellion When all things were set in order fifty thousand men beeing put in Armes assembled by the sound of Bels the Spaniards being retired into the Castles and the people fortified with Artillery in conuenient places there was as it were a formall warre betweene the Citie and the Castles The tumult lasted from the end of May vntill the midst of Iuly and more then three hundred persons were slaine on both sides In which interim the Citie sent Ambassadors And nourished by the Pope to the Emperour and the Pope offering to yeeld if they might bee receiued It was enough for the Pope to nourish the sedition which he did with much dexterity hauing not forces to maintaine the enterprise But the
Cardinall Theatinus Arch-bishop of that Citie promising them the adherence of all his kinred who were many and potent and his owne paines also who to that purpose would goe in person did effectually exhort them not to let slip an occasion so profitable for the seruice of the Church gaining vnto it so great a kingdome The Spaniards calling succours from diuers parts became more potent and letters came from the Emperour that he was content there should be no Inquisition and pardoned the Citie except nineteene all which he named but one whom he would discouer when time serued yet the City paid for a fine an hundred thousand crownes These conditions were of necessity receiued and those few of the nineteene who could be found were put But appeased by the Emperour to death and so the tumult was appeased In Bolonia the Legats did not well know as yet what to doe and the Pope The Councel in Bolonia proceedeth slowly had commanded them not to proceed to any action which might be opposed or make a diuision but to goe on slowly deferring the Sessions and making some Congregations to shew they were not idle But it was not easie to make them in a good forme to discusse the point of the Eucharist in regard the principall Diuines accustomed to handle matters of faith in The reformation is wholly forgotten Trent were wanting Yet some Congregations were held and diuers Diuines did speake but no Decree was framed There is no cause to speake any more of the Reformation because it was then buried in deepe silence The second of Iuly being come the Session was celebrated with the same The second Session is held and nothing done ceremonies where they did nothing but prorogue it with a decree like to that of the forme shewing that the Synode had deferred it vntill that day because the Fathers were absent and expected whereupon beeing desirous to deale louingly with them they added another Prorogation vntill the fifteenth of September not ceasing in the meane space to examine the points of doctrine and Reformation reseruing to themselues power to abbreuiate or prolong that terme though in a priuate Congregation In France it was not hard for the Legate to obtaine of the King whatsoeuer A strong alliance is made betweene the Pope and the French King the Pope desired For hee also was no lesse iealous of the Emperours fortune and there was good intelligence betweene them and very secret propositions did passe Amongst the publique one was that the King should send to the Councell of Bolonia as soone as might be as many Prelats as was possible Marriage was contracted betweene Horatius Farnese the Popes Nephew and Diana the Kings bastard daughter of the age of nine yeeres The King sent nine French Cardinals to remaine in the Court to giue the Pope reputation and to nourish friendship betweene them The Pope created Two Cardinals are created at the Kings instance Cardinals the sixe and twentieth of Iuly at the Kings instance Charles di Guisa Archbishop of Reins and Charles of Vandosme of the blood royall In the end of August Caesar went to Ausburg to celebrate the Diet there The Emperor holdeth a Diet in Austburg hauing about the Citie the whole Armie of Spaniards and Italians and some companies of foote within the Citie It began the first of September where the Emperor desiring principally to pacific Germany did impart what he had formerly done in diuers Diets to reconcile it and how for this end he had caused the Counsell to bee called and to begin in Trent but that his paines auailing nothing hee was constrained to passe to another remedie And because it pleased God to giue a happy issue to his resolution reducing Germany to those termes that he was assured to reforme it hee had assembled the Princes for that end But for that the difference of religion was cause of all those troubles it was necessary to begin there The opinions of the Princes in that Diet were diuers for amongst the Electors the Ecclesiastiques desired and vrged that the Councell of Trent should be held and demanded no condition The Seculars adhering to the Lutherans were content with these conditions that it should be free pious that the Pope should not preside neither in person nor by his Ministers should release the oath by which the Bishops In which the Princes differ in opinion are bound vnto him that the Protestant diuines should haue a deciding voice and that the Decrees already made should be reexamined The other Catholikes demanded that the Councell should be continued and the Protestants haue safe conduct to go thither and speake freely and be inforced to obey the Decrees While the Pope was in expectation of the successe of the Diet in Germanie The Popes sonne is murdered in his owne palace and his citie Piacenza possessed by the gouernour of Milan the 10. of September his sonne Petras Aloisius Duke of Piacenza was slaine in his owne palace by conspiracie and his body ignominiously exposed and some few houres after souldiers came from Milan sent by the vice-Vice-Duke Fernandus Gonzaga who made themselues Lords of the Citie This afflicted the Pope aboue measure not so much for the death of his sonne and the ignominie as for the losse of the Citie and because hee saw plainely that all was done with the Emperours knowledge But the Legats in Bolonia thought that in this affliction and businesse of the Pope it was not fit to write two letters euery weeke of what did passe in the Councell as they were wont and therefore that it was conuenient to prorogue the Session for a long time and to intermit all Actes of the Councell which would bee done with honour enough if the Session intimated for the fifteenth were celebrated and the next deferred Yet the publique griefe for the Dukes death requiring that no solemnity should bee made they deemed it was better to anticipate and deferre it in a Congregation Therefore the fourteenth the Prelates being all called into the house where the Cardinall of Monte was lodged hee spake vnto them thus in substance C. Monte maketh a speech to the Fathers in his owne lodging for prorogation of the Session That the morrow was appointed for the Session but euery one saw in what staits the Synode was that not many Prelates are arriued who are in their iourney especially the French-men and those who are lately come are not well informed yea euen those who haue been present the whole Summer at the disputation of the lesser Diuines are not well in order whereunto was to bee added the cruell murder of the Duke which held euery one in suspence and themselues busied in prouiding for the security of the Cities belonging to the Church that hee was glad hee had reserued power to prorogue the Session that they may be freed from the paines of going to the Church to celebrate it that his aduice was yea that
it in a Mercuriall so they call the iudicature instituted to examine and correct the actions of the Counsellors of Parliament and Iudges of the King held in Paris the 15. of Iune where they were to treate of Religion after the Congregation was assembled entred in person Hee said hee had established peace in the whole world by the marriages of his sister and daughter that hee might prouide against the inconueniences bred in his Kingdome about Religion which ought to bee the principall care of Princes Therefore vnderstanding they were to treat of this subiect hee exhorted them to handle Gods cause with sinceritie And hauing commaunded them to prosecute the things begun Claude Viole one of them spake much against the manners of the Court of Rome and the bad customes growen to bee pernicious errours which haue caused the new sects Therefore it was necessary to mitigate the seuere punishments vntill the differences of religion were remooued and the Ecclesiasticall discipline amended by authority of a Generall Councell the onely remedie for these euils as the Councels of Constance and Basil haue iudged commanding that one should bee celebrated euery ten yeeres His opinion was followed by Ludouicus Faber and some others Anne du Bourg did adde that many villanies were comitted condemned by the Lawes for punishment whereof the rope and fire were not sufficient as frequent blasphemies against God periuries adulteries not onely secret but euen cherished with impudent licence making himselfe to be plainely vnderstood that hee spake not onely of the Grandies of the Court but of the King himselfe also adding that while men liued thus dissolutely diuers torments were prepared against those who were guilty of nothing but of publishing to the world the vices of the Church of Rome and desiring an amendment of them In opposition of all this Egidius Magister the prime President spake against the new sects concluding that there was no other remedie but that which was formerly vsed against the Albigenses of whom Philippus Augustus put to death sixe hundred in one day and against the Waldenses who were choked in the caues whither they retired to hide themselues When all the voyces were giuen the King said he had now heard with his owne eares that which before was told him that the contagion of the Kingdome doth hence arise 1559 PIVS 4. FERDINAND PHILIP 2. ELIZABETH HENRY 2. And coÌ„mandeth some of the Counsellors of Parliament to bee imprisoned that there are in the Parliament who doe despise the Popes authoritie and his that he well knoweth they are but few but the cause of many euils Therefore hee exhorted those who are good subiects to continue in doing their duety and immediatly gaue order that Faber and du Bourg should be imprisoned and afterward caused foure more to bee apprehended in their houses which did much daunt those who embraced the new religion For the Counsellors of Parliament in France beeing reputed most sacred and inuiolable who notwithstanding were put into prison for deliuering their opinion in publike Assembly they concluded that the King would pardon none But examples of great feares are alwayes ioyned with others of equall boldnesse 15â—9 The Reformatists hold a Synod in Paris For at the same time as if there had beene no danger at all the ministers of the Reformed for so the Protestants are called in France assembled in Paris in the suburbes of Saint German made a Synode in which Franciscus Morellus the chiefe man amongst them was President ordayning diuers constitutions of the manner of holding Councels of remoouing the domination in the Church of the election and office of Ministers of censures of marriages of diuorces of degrees of consanguinitie and affinitie that throughout all France they might not onely haue an vniforme faith but discipline also And their courage did increase because the fame of the seuerity vsed in France comming into Germanie the three Electors and And are encouraged by the intercession of the Protestant Princes of Germanie other Protestant Princes sent Ambassadours to the King praying him to proceede with pietie and Christian charitie against the professors of their Religion guiltie of nothing but of accusing the corrupted manners and the discipline peruerted by the Church of Rome which had bene done more then an hundred yeeres since by other godly Doctors of France For that Kingdome beeing now in quiet the differences of Religion may easily bee composed by the disputation of able men desirous of peace who may examine their confession by the rule of holy Scripture and of the ancient Fathers suspending in the meane time the seueritie of the sentences which they will receiue as a thing most gratefull and remaine much obliged to him for it The King gaue a courteous answere in generall wordes promising Which did them no good to giue them satisfaction and to send one expresly to signifie so much vnto them Yet he remitted nothing of the seueritie but after the Ambassadours were parted hee deputed foure Iudges of the body of the Parliament in the causes of the prisoners with the Bishop of Paris and the Inquisitor Antonie de Mocares commaunding them to proceede with all expedition The Pope vnto whom all these things were knowen as hee was much discontented with the progresse of the new doctrine in the States of both the Kings so hee was pleased that those Princes did thinke of it and mooued them by his Nuncij and by their Ambassadours residing with him to doe so still But hee would not haue any other meanes then that of the Inquisition which he thought the onely remedie as he said vpon all occasions iudging that the Councell would doe as formerly it had done that is reduce all into a worse state While he was possessed with these cogitations and weake of body the King of France died the second of Iuly by a wound in the eye running at Tilt for which hee seemed very sorrowfull and was so indeede For although hee suspected and with reason the intelligence betweene the 1559. PAVL 4. FERDINAND ELIZABETH FRANCIS 2. Henry the second dyeth the second of Iuly two Kings yet hee had still hope to separate them But the one being dead he saw he was at the discretion of the other alone whom he more feared because he was more offended by him and was of a more close nature hard to be sounded Hee feared also that in France a gate would be set wide open to let in sectes which might bee confirmed before the new King could get so much wisedome and reputation as was necessary to oppose so great difficulties Hee liued some few dayes afflicted with these cogitations but now laying aside all hopes which had vntill then kept him aliue hee died the eighteenth The Pope Iyeth the 18. of August recommending to the Cardinals nothing but the office of the Inquisition of August recommending to the Cardinals nothing but the office of the Inquisition the onely meanes as he said to
whose opinion he followed because the Emperour had giuen him charge to consult with those two Cardinals in all matters After the ceremonie was ended in the Consistery with satisfaction of the Pope the Ambassadour begin to pray him in the first priuate audience in Caesars name to call the Councel to compose the dissensions of Germany was preuented by him with the Ambassadors great contentment who beleeuing that hee was to treat with the Pope about an And is well pleased that his Holinesse beginneth to speake of the Councell vnpleasing businesse was prepared to deliuer in sugered termes that it might be heard more willingly The Pope told him that the Cardinals being in the Conclaue consulted how they might set the Councell on foote againe in which consultation himselfe was a very principal partie and now being Pope was more confirmed in the same determination Yet he would not proceede blindely but so as that he might auoyd the difficulties which happened before and would bee sure of the necessarie preparatories that the desired fruit might succeed Hee sayd the like to the Ambassadours of France and Spaine and wrote to his Nuncij to impart it to their Kings hee spake of it also with the Ambassadours of the King of Portugal and of the Princes of Italie which were in Rome The Duke of Sauoy demandeth the Popes haue to hold a Colloquie After this the Duke of Sauoy sent one expresly to desire the Pope that by his fauour he might make a colloquie of religion to instruct his people of the Vallies who were generally alienated from the old religion These were a part of the Waldenses who 400 yeeres since forsooke the Church of Rome and in regard of the persecutions fled into Polonia Germany Puglia Prouence and some of them into the Valleys of Mountsenis Luserna Angronia Perosa and S. Martin These hauing alwayes continued in their separation with certaine ministers of their owne whom they called Pastors when the doctrine of Zuinglius was planted in Geneua did presently vnite themselues with those as agreeing with them in points of doctrine principall rites and when Piemont was vnder the French-men though they were forbid vpon paine of death to exercise their religion yet by little and little they made it publique so that when Countrey was restored to the Duke of Sauoy the exercise of it was almost free The Duke resolued to make them receiue the Catholike religion so that many were burned and put to death by other meanes and more condemned to the Galleys at the instigation of the Inquifitor Thomaso Iacomello a Dominican Friar This made them consult whether it were lawfull to defend themselues with Armes wherein their ministers did not agree Some sayd they might not oppose their Prince though it were to defend their own liues but might carry away their goods and reure into the mountaines Others said they might vse force in so desperate a case as this especially it being not so much against the Prince as against the Pope who abused the autoritie of the Prince Many of them did follow the first opinion and the others stood vpon their guard so that the Duke perceiuing they had not rebellious thoughts and that they might easily be gained by instruction receiued the counsell which was giuen him to institute a Colloquie to this end But because hee would not displease the Pope by proceeding without his knowledge he gaue him an account hereof and asked his consent The Pope beeing angry that in Italy also euen vnder To instruct the people of his Valleys whom before he had perseceted his nose his authority should be questioned answered that hee would consent by no meanes but if those people had neede of instruction hee would send a Legate with authority to absolute them who would bee conuerted accompanied with Diuines who might giue them instruction But But his Holinesse refuseth to grant it hee sayd hee had little hope to conuert them because the heretikes are obstinate and whatsoeuer is done to exhort them to acknowledge their fault they expound to bee a want of force to compell them That it cannot bee remembred that any good was euer done by this moderation but that experience is taught that the sooner iustice is vsed and force of Armes when that other is not sufficient so much the better the successe is If hee would proceed thus hee would send him assistance but if he thought it not fit all might bee deferred vntill a generall Councell which he would suddenly call And therefore the Duke taketh Armes against them The Duke did not like the sending of a Legat because it would haue prouoked them more and forced him to proceed according to the interests of others thinking it better to take Armes which the Pope commended more and promised assistance Therefore there was warre in these Valleys all this yeere and part of the next whereof we will speake in the time when it ended There was a great conspiracie in many parts of France into which many A great conspiracie in France the causes of it were entred and the maior part for cause of Religion disdaining to see poore people drawen euery day to the stake to bee burned guilty of nothing but of zeale to worship GOD and to saue their owne soules To these were ioyned others who thinking the Guisards to be the cause of all the disorders of the Kingdome iudged it an heroike acte to deliuer it from oppression by taking the publike administration out of their hands There were also ambitious persons desirous of change who could not worke their will but in the middest of troubles Both these couered themselues with the cloake of Religion to gaine more followers and the better to confirme their mindes caused the Principall Lawyers of Germany and France and the most famous Protestant Diuines to publish in writing that without violating the Maiestie of the King and dignity of the lawfull Magistrate they might oppose with Armes the violent domination of the house of Guise who offended true Religion and lawfull iustice and kept the King as it were in prison The Conspirators prepared a great multitude who should appeare before the King without Armes to demand that the seuerity of the iudgements might be mitigated and liberty of conscience granted designing they should bee followed by Gentlemen who should make supplication against the gouernement of the Guisards The conspiracie was discouered and the Court retired from Blois an open place fit for the execution of such a purpose vnto The Conspirations are discouered and many of them executed and the rest pardoned Amboise a strong fortresse This troubled the Conspiratours who while they were thinking of a new course some of them who tooke Armes were beaten and slaine and others taken and sentenced to die and to appease the tumult pardon was granted by the Kings Edict dated the eighteenth of March to all who simply moued with zeale of Religion had entred into the
Cities promising to goe thither in person but saw it would bee ill construed by the world He was resolued not to accept of any Citie beyond the Mountains no not to heare any proposition of it The Cardinall Pacceco proposed Milan and he condescended so that he might haue the Castle in his hands during the time of the Councell which was to referre himselfe to an impossible condition He thought also vpon some of the Venetian Cities but the Republique excused it selfe lest they should make the Turkes suspicious of whose forces they were then afraid When hee had considered all he found no fitter place then Trent For the Councell hauing been held there twice before euery one had experience of what was good and what bad in that place Who after consultation thinketh Trent the fittest place for the assembly and therefore would more easily consent to goe thither then elsewhere And there was also some appearance of reason for it because the Councell celebrated by Iulius was not finished but suspended Hee thought to satisfie the French men by sending Cardinall Tornon into France not in qualitie of a Legate but with power when he was there and saw there neede to assemble And sendeth Card. Tornon into France to hinder a Nationall Synod there some of the Prelats of the Kingdome such as the King and himselfe thought fit but not all that there might be no appearance of a Councell and to treate with these but to resolue of nothing There were also two other accidents of no lesse consideration which thrust the Pope forward to speake more plainely of a Councell one farre off but imported the losse of a Kingdome the other concerned one person onely but was of great consequence The Nobilitie of Scotland who had a Scotland reuolteth from the Pope long time made warre to chase the French men out of the Kingdome and to take the gouernment out the handes of the Queene Regent and had euer encountred many difficulties in regard of the great succours sent her by her sonne in law the French King to maintaine the kingdome for his wife finally that they might quite free themselues they resolued to ioyne with the English and incite the people against the Regent To this end they gaue way to libertie of religion to which the people was inclined By this meanes they brought the Frenchmen into great straits and the old religion was little esteemed for which the Pope was blamed because the world thought that if the Councell had beene begunne all popular commotions would haue beene stopped The other accident was that the King of Bohemia had a long time held intelligence with the Protestant Electors and Princes of Maximilian is not without cause thought to be a Protestant Germanie and was formerly suspected for it by Paul the fourth so that hee could not refraine to obiect to the Emperour in priuate discourse which hee had with Martin Gusman his Ambassadour that his sonne was a fauourer of heresie The same suspicion continuing in the Court after the death of Paul the Pope caused the Count of Arco to tell him that if he would not liue as a Catholique hee would not confirme him King of the Romanes yea would depriue him of all Dominion Notwithstanding this aduice came afterwards to Rome that hee entertained a Preacher and heard him often who had brought in the vse of the Cup in diuers places but not in the Citie and the King himselfe sayd hee could not receiue it otherwise which although he put not in practise yet those words gaue the Pope great suspicion especially because almost in all places of Germanie the Communion of Which two accidents incite the Pope to call the Councell quickly the Chalice was vsed by all that would and none hindered the Priests to minister it For all these former respects the Pope was resolute to make this great iumpe The third of Iune he called the Ambassadours of the Emperour of Spaine Portugal Polonia Venice and Florence who appearing all before his Holinesse except the Ambassadour of Polonia that was sicke hee complained first that hee could not call the French Ambassadour for feare of some question of precedencie which was a cause to hinder the publique benefit of consulting on the common affaires of Christendome but those two Kings being cousins it was necessary they should resolue to accommodate the difference Wherein hee declareth his purpose to all the Ambassadors residing with him for the good of the Christian Common-wealth and especially of their owne Kingdomes Then hee said that the cause why hee had called them was the celebration of the Councell which hee was resolued to bring to effect remoouing all difficulties which Princes for their owne ends might set on foote that the place should be Trent which hauing pleased twice could now be denied by none in regard it was not a new place and the Councell celebrated there onely suspended Therefore taking away the suspension the Councell is open as before and many good Constitutions hauing been made there it would not be fit to call them in question by making shew of calling a new Councell He added that it was necessary to doe it quickly because things grew worse euery day as appeared in France where they treated of a Nationall Councell which hee neither would nor could endure because Germanie and euery Prouince would doe the like that hee would giue order to his Nuncij with the Emperour Kings of France and Spaine to treate hereof with their Maiesties and did now intimate the same to all them that they might send their Princes word of it For although he could both resolue and execute of him selfe yet hee thought fit to doe it with their knowledge that they might put him in minde of some things for the common benefit and reformation of the Church and send Ambassadours to the Councell and fauour it by treating with the Protestants Hee added that hee did beleeue that some of the Princes of Germanie would goe thither in person and that he was sure the Marquisse of Brandeburg would Vargas made a long answere relating what had been done in former Councels He discoursed of the manner of celebrating Councels and then descended to the place and spake of what was done in Trent where himselfe was present He distinguished Generall Councels from Nationall much condemning that which was intimated in France The Ambassadour of Portugall commended the Popes purpose and promised the obedience of his Master The Venetian sayd that in times past neuer any better remedie was found then Councels and thanked GOD for inspiring his Holinesse to doe so pious a worke which was for the preseruation of Religion and benefit of Princes who could not hold their States in peace in change of Religion The Florentine Ambassadour spake in the same manner offering all assistance from the Duke The Pope wrote to his Nuncio in Germany France But alwyes vttereth something that may crosse it and Spaine in
one should amend himselfe because a good life is a vehement orator to perswade that the names of Lutheranes Hugonots and Papists no lesse factious then those of the Guelphes and Ghibilines were to be taken away and Armes to be taken against those who couer their auarice ambition and desire of innouation with the 〈◊〉 of religion Iohn Angelo aduocate in the Parliament of Bourdeaux spake for the third Iohn Angelo speaketh for the third Order Order he spake much against the bad manners and discipline of the Clergy noting their ignorance auarice and luxury as causes of all the euils and did much discourse vpon them in the end hee demanded that all might bee redressed by a sudden celebration of the Councell Iames Earle of Rochfort Iames Earle of Rochfort speaketh for the Nobility spake for the Nobilitie who amongst other things said that all the euill did arise from the large donations made by the King and other Grandies to the Churches especially of iurisdictions a thing much inconuenient that he that ought to giue himselfe wholly to prayer and preaching should exercise power ouer the liues and goods of the Kings subiects and that it was necessary to remedie these inconueniences And in the end hee gaue a petition demaunding in the name of the Nobility to haue publique Churches for their religion Iacobus Quintinus a Burgundian spake for the Clergie He said Iacobus Quintinus speaketh for the Clergie the States were assembled to prouide for the necessities of the Kingdome not to amend the Church which cannot erre which is without blemish or wrinkle and will alwayes remaine without corruption though the discipline in some small part may neede reformation Therefore those are not to bee hearkened vnto who renewing the Sects long since buried demand Churches apart from the Catholiques but are to bee punished as heretiques and doe not deserue that the King should heare them who ought to force all his Subiects to beleeue and liue according to the forme prescribed by the 1561 PIVS 4. FERDINAND ELIZABETH CHARLES 9. Church that those who haue forsaken the Kingdome for Religion ought not to be suffered to returne that those that are infected with hereâ—iâ— ought to be proceeded against capitally that the Ecclesiasticall discipline will easily be reformed if the Clergie be fried from paimene of Tâ—â—lls and elections restored to the Chapters it being obserued that in the yeere 1517 whâ—â—â—by the Concordate the nomination of Ecclesiasticall dignities was giuen to the The opinions of Luther began when the Concordate was made King the heresies of Luther began who was followed by Zainglius and others In the end hee demanded that all immunities and priuiledges of the Clergie should be confirmed and all grieuances remooued The King ordained that the Prelates should put themselues in order to goe to the Councell which was intimated at Trent commanded that all that The Ordinations of the King were in prison for Religion should be set at liberty their Processes 〈◊〉 the void their offences committed vntill that time pardoned and their goods restored He constituted a capitall punishment for those who gaue offence for matter of Religion either in words or deeds He admonished all to follow the rites vsed in the Church without making any innouation The residue was deferred vntill May next when the petition presented by Rotchfort was to bee considered of The Pope vnderstanding of the death of King Francis together with the aduice of the Cardinall Tornon that the Queene was ioyned with Nauar was troubled in minde fearing the raines would be more giuen to the Protestants Therefore hee sent Lorenzo Leutio Bishop of Eermo and caused the King of Spaine to send Io Manriques to condele with the Queene for the death of her sonne and to pray her to bee carefull of the Religion in which The Pope sendeth a NuÌ„cto to the Q. mother and the King of Spaine an ambassadour shee was borne and bred to remember the great benefits receiued from the Apostolique Sea by the meanes of Clement and not to suffer schisme to arise by too much licence nor to seeke remedies elswhere for the euils present and imminent but from the Church of Rome for which end the Councell was intimated that in the meane space she would take care that the Kingdome should not swarue from true piety and that no preiudice should bee done to the Councell intimated The yeere 1560 ended thus leauing some seedes from whence greater troubles did spring The next yeere Manriques came into France and deliuered 1561 his Ambassage Who hauing receiued from the Queene a piouâ— and fauourable answere concerning Religion and the Councell and speaking againe of the same subiect as occasion was offered did continually exhort her to proceed with punishments against the Hugonots adding threats also to his exhortations Nauarre contrary to all the Spanish desseignes did oppose The negotiation of the Spanish Ambassadour in regard of his preâ—ensions to the Kingdome of Nauarre Manriques did combine with the house of Guise and others who had the same desseigne to make him fauour the Catholiques the Pope and the Councell to propose vnto him the patronage of the Catholique Religion in France and that he would bee diuorced from his wife Ioan of Alibert Queene of Nauarre by inheritance and would retaine right to the Kingdome by the Popes authoritie of which shee should bee depriued for heresie by his Holinesse and would take to wife Mary Queene of Scots by whom hee should haue the Kingdome of England Elizabeth being depriued by the Popeâ— For effecting all this the Guisards promised him the Popes authority and the forces of the King of Spaine who for Nauarre would giue him the Kingdome of 〈◊〉 nia These things they continually represented vnto him in 〈◊〉 â—ormes euen vntill his death In Germanie the Princes of the Augustan Confession assembled 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 concerning the Councel especially in regard of the Councell being ashamed that their religion should bee esteemed a confusion for the variety of doctrines amongst the◠〈◊〉 propose that they might first agree in one and then resolue whether they ought refuse refuse or accept the Synode Concerning the first 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 said that the difference was not essentiall and that the Papists 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 substantially differ dissenting euen in the very foundations of Religion They laid the Augustan Confession was to bee the ground of their doctrine and if they differed in any point not contained therein it would bee of small 〈◊〉 But there beeing diuers Copies of that Confession which differed in regard of diuers additions made in diuers of them some approouing one and some another many thought they ought to take that onely which was presented to Charles in the yeere 1530. Where vnto 〈◊〉 of the Pulatinate did not consent except it were declared in a Proheme made vnto it that the other edition did agree with it The Duke of Saxonie answered they could
though they were ambiguous and might bee drawen to contrary sences yet being sufficient to compose the present difference they were receiued and they concluded to open the Councell the next Sunday being the eighteenth of the moneth In the ende the Cardinall proposed that the Councell being begun the Prelates should frequent the publique Chappels in the time of Masse and that there should bee many Latine Sermons which being to bee made sometimes by men that know not what doth befit the time place and auditorie that it were good to depute a Prelate who as Master of the holy Palace in Rome should reuiew that which was to bee The Bishop of Modena is appointed to peruse whatsoeuer is to be deliuered in publique spoken and so the Sermon to bee repeated according to his censure The proposition pleased them all and Egidius Foscararus Bishop of Modena was appointed to peruse euery Sermon and whatsoeuer else was to bee deliuered in publique The Congregation beeing dissolued the Legates by the helpe of their inward friends beganne to frame the Decree and did conceiue it in the forme agreed on and obseruing diuers treaties amongst the Prelates while they were idle in Trent to propose some one prouision some another all tending to enlarge the authority of the Bishops and diminish that of Rome they thought to remedie all in the beginning before the humour began to stirre by decreeing that none but the Legats might propose any matter to bee discussed They saw the proposition was hard and foresaw contradiction therefore they thought it necessary to vse much Art that it might bee receiued sweetely and at vnawards The negatiue that none should propound Why the Legats desire to make a decree that none should propose any thing in Councell but themselues seemed hard and sharpe and the affirmatiue that the Legats should propound which did virtually onely and not plainely containe an exclusion of others did please better couering all with a pretence of keeping order and giuing time of deliberation to the Synode The Decree was so artificially made that euen at this present one must be very attentiue if hee will discouer the sense and it is impossible to vnderstand it at the first which I will rehearse in vulgar in plaine tearmes but hee that will see the Artifice let him reade it in Latine Therefore in conformitie of the resolution when the eighteenth day was The solemnities of the first Session in which the Councell was opened come a procession was made of the whole Clergie of the Citie of the Diuines and Prelates who besides the Cardinals were one hundred and twelue that did weare Miter accompanied by their families and by many Countrey people armed going from Saint Peters Church to the Cathedrall where the Cardinall of Mantua sang the Masse of the holy Ghost and Gasparâ— del Fosso Arch bishop of Rheggio made the Sermon His subiect was the authoritie of the Church Primacie of the Pope and the power of Councels He said that the Church had as much authoritie as the word of God that the Church hath changed the Sabbath ordained by God into Sunday and taken away Circumcision formerly commanded by his Diuine Maiestie and that these Precepts are changed not by the preaching of CHRIST but by the authoritie of the Church Turning himselfe to the Fathers hee exhorted them to labour constantly against the Protestants being assured that as the holy Ghost cannot erre so they cannot bee deceiued And the Veni creator spiritus beeing sung the Secretary who was Bishop of Tileâ—i read the Bull of the Conuocation before alleadged and the foresaid Arch-bishop interrogated the Decree for the opening the Councell saying Fathers doth it please you that the generall Councell of Trent should be celebrated from this day all suspension whatsoeuer beeing remooued to handle with due order that which shall seeme fit to the Synod the Legats and Presidents proposing to remooue the controuersies of Religion correct manners and reconcile the peace of the Church They answered Placet Onely foure prelats contradicted that part Proponentibus Legatis which wordes I repeate in Latine The words Proponentibus Legatis were much questioned because they must bee often mentioned in regard of the great controuersies and disputes which followed The contradictors were Peter Guerrero Arch-bishop of Granata Francesco Bianco Bishop of Orense Andreas della Questa Bishop of Leon Antonio Colermero Bishop of Almeria They said they could not consent because they were new wordes neuer vsed in any Councell and demanded that their voyces might bee registred in the actes of the Councell No answere was giuen them and the next Session was intimated for the sixe and twentieth of February The Speaker of the Councell required all the Notaries and Protonotaries to make one or more Instruments of the things aforesayd and so the Session ended The Legates aduised the Pope of what happened in the Congregation and Session who imparted it to the Consistory In which many were of opinion in regard of these first difficulties that the Councell would not proceed well especially considering the obstinate contradiction of the Spanish Bishops not fit to compose the differences of Religion although the Legates and Bishops of Italie should vse Arte and vnitie in temporizing and ouercomming them The Pope commended the wisedome of the Legates that they had preuented as hee sayd there meritie of the innouators and was not displeased with the opposition of foure because hee feared a greater number hee exhorted the Cardinals to reforme themselues seeing they had to doe with vnrespectfull persons giuing order that the other Italian Bishops should bee solicited to depart And hee wrote to Trent that they Which the Pope wil haue to be maintained by all meanes should maintaine the Decree firmely and put it in execution without relenting one iote In France the Queene of Nauarre Prince of Conde Admirall and Duchesse Tumults in France about Religion of Ferrara hauing many moneths made request that places should be allowed to those of the new Religion for the Sermons and Ceremonies and all these and many Grandies more euen in the Court it selfe making profession thereof the inferiour Reformatists imboldened hereby did assemble themselues apart which the Catholiques not being able to support very dangerous popular tumults were raised in many parts of the Kingdome with slaughter on both sides which were cherished by the Nobilitie of the Catholiques enuying that the Hugonot Princes gayning a popular trayne should exceede them Two diuers tumults were raysed by Sermons one in Dijon and the other in Paris notorious not onely for the death of many but also for the rebellion against the Magistrates which made the Kings Counsell resolue to seeke a remedy and that it might bee fitted to the whole Kingdome the Presidents of all the Parliaments were called and a number of Counsellors elected to deliberate with maturity what was best to be done The seuenteenth of Ianuary all these being assembled in Saint
but others did not thinke it probable First because by this meanes all hope was taken from â—onde whom he â—â—istâ—â—sted much more yea that hee did much desire that Borbon should returne to the secular state that himselfe might be the prime 〈…〉 France and that if a Patriarke were made as hee much desired hee might vndoubtedly be the man which could not bee if Borbon did still remaine in the Cleargie The Pope hauing receiued aduice of the death of Mantua and consulted with his inward friends thought it necessary to send other Legats who being new not intangled with promises and treaties might follow his instructions with more ease And therefore the seuenth of March the second Sunday in Lent not intimating a Congregation as hee was wont but the Two new Legates are created Cardinals being assembled in the Chamber where they put on their robes to goe to the Chappell according to the vse hee stayed and excluding the Courtiers caused the doores to bee shut and created Legats the Cardinals Iohn Morone and Bernardus Nauaggerus that by the perswasions of Princes or Cardinals he might not bee forced to name others that pleased him not The Pope thought to doe it secretly but it came to the eares of the French-men and the Cardinall of Bordissiera spake to the Pope before hee went out of the Chamber and told him many reasons that in case hee would create new Legats hee could not commit the charge to a more worthy person then the Cardinall of Loraine But the Pope being resolute and displeased that the matter was not so secretly carried answered freely that the Cardinall of Loraine came to the Councell as Head of one of the pretendent parties and that he would depute those who were Neutrals and without interests The Cardinall being about to reply the Pope made haste away and went downe out of the Chamber so fast that there was not time to make answere The Congregation being ended the Pope let the Cardinals goe to the Chappell and himselfe returned to the Chamber because hee would not bee in ceremonie when he was so much vexed with the words of that Cardinall The ninth of March newes came to Trent that the Duke of Guise brother The Duke of Guise is slains vnder Orlience to the Cardinal of Loraine as he returned from the trenches vnder Orlience was shot by Iohn Poltrot a priuat Gentleman of the reformed religion and sixe dayes after died to the great discontent of all the Court and that after he was wounded he exhorted the Queene to make peace and said openly that he was an enemie to the kingdome who was against it The Homicide being interrogated of his complices named Coligni the Admirall and Theodore Beza and afterwards excused Beza but perseuered in accusing the other Yet hee wauered so that one could not tell what to beleeue The Cardinall aduertised hereof prouided a greater guard then formerly hee had and being exceedingly grieued for the death of his brother who was so deare vnto him first of all hee wrote a consolatorie Letter to Antoniette de The Card. of Loraine writeth to his mother Borbon their common mother full of exquisite conceits to bee compared or rather as his friends said to bee preferred to those of Seneca in the end whereof hee said hee was resolued to goe to his Church of Reims and to spend the residue of his life in preaching the word of GOD instructing the people bringing vp his brothers children in Christian pietie and neuer to cease performing of these offices but when the Kingdome for some publike affaires had need of his paines The Letter was no sooner parted from Trent but the Citie was full of copies of it rather importunely offered by his friends then requested so hard it is for the affection of selfe loue to bee quiet though in the occasion of greatest sorrow After this the Cardinall thinking of the change of things by this variation altered all his desseignes And this caused a change also in the affaires of the Councell For hee being the man which the Emperour and Queene of France had vntill then wholly employed they were forced for want of so fit a minister to bee more remisse in their purposes and to proceed more slowly But it happeneth in humane affaires as it doeth in fortunes at Sea where the windes being ceased the waues doe tumultuate for some houres after So the great weight of the affaires of the Councell could not easily be appeased in regard of their former impetuous motion But it is certaine that the death of that Duke The death of the Duke caused a great alteration in the Councell was a great beginning of the quiet which succeeded some moneths after especially after the death of the other brother great Prior of France and the peace made with the Hugonots and the instances of the Queene to the Cardinall to make his peace with the Pope and returne into France of which things wee will speake in due place Hereby the Cardinall saw that the affaires as they stood would not bee profitable neither for himselfe nor his friends The death of Guise was lamented both in Trent and Rome because euery one thought hee was the onely maintainer of the Catholique partie in the kingdome of France neither did it appeare what other person could succeed in supporting that weight the rather because euery one was daunted by the example of his death The French Prelats in the Councell were troubled in minde because they vnderstood that an accord was treated with the Hugonots who pretended amongst other things that the third part of the Ecclesiasticall reuenues should bee employed for maintenance of the reformed Ministers In this varietie of businesses and perplexitie of mindes Fiue-Churches returned to Trent and with the other Ambassadours of the Emperour had audience with the Legats and presented to them the Emperours letter which The Emperours letters to the Legats and the Pope hee brought and the copy of another written by his Maiestie to the Pope They all made request for the reformation but in generall termes onely and very remissely The Emperours letter to the Legats did signifie his desire to see some fruitfull proceeding of the Councell for which it was necessary to remooue some impediments whereof hauing written to the Pope he prayed them to labour in Councell and to vse perswasions to his Holinesse that the future progresse might be for the seruice of GOD and benefite of Christendome In his letter to the Pope hee said that hauing dispatched great businesses with the Electors and other Princes and States of Germanie nothing was more precious vnto him being Aduocate of the Church then to promote the affaires of the Councell that hee was come to Ispruc for that cause where to his griefe he vnderstood that matters did not proceed as he hoped and as the publike tranquillitie did require that hee feared if better order wer not taken the Councell would end with scandall of
the reformation would be caused thereby to excuse the Pope that he could not personally assist in Councell and to pray him to hasten the end of it proposing the translation to Bolonia where his Maiestie and the Pope might meete which would bee a good meanes for him to receiue the Crowne of the Empire in so famous an assembly a fauour which neuer had beene done to other Emperours He had charge also to pray him to maintaine the authoritie of the Apostolike Sea against all the plots made to diminish it or rather to bring it to nothing and that the reformation of the Court of Rome might not be made in Trent but by the Pope himselfe that no mention might bee made of renewing the things determined vnder Paul and Iulius in the same Councell that his Maiestie would bee content that the Decrees should bee made in Councell by the proposition of the Legates onely first imparting them and hauing the consent of the Ambassadours of his Maiestie and of other Princes He had commission also to giue the Emperour hope of a particular grant of whatsoeuer hee would demand for his people and to disswade him from holding intelligence with the French King in this matter of the Councell shewing him that as the State of France and Germanie was not the same so the ends of his Maiestie and of that King must needes be diuers and their counsels different The Legates remayning in Trent did willingly giue the Prelates leaue to depart and especially those who held the institution of Bishops and residence to bee de iure diuino The 20. of Aprill Loraine returned and was met by the Ambassadours of the Emperour of Polonia and of Sauoy and the same day newes came of the peace concluded by the French King with the Hugonots which was more for the aduantage of the Catholique party For after the battell before mentioned the factions were equally balanced vntill the death of Guise Afterwards Colignie tooke by assault the fort of Cadome with so much reputation to himselfe and diminution of the Catholiques that it was resolued in the Kings Councell to conclude the treaty of peace which was continually managed euer since the battell To this end the seuenth of March an assembly was made to which the prisoners Conde and the Constable were brought And after some speech they being released vpon promise to conclude the 〈◊〉 conditions the Hugonote Ministers assembled and resolued not to consent to any agreement except the Edict of Ianuary might bee obserued without any exception or condition adding also that hereafter their religion should not bee called new that children baptized by them should not bee rebaptized that their marriages should bee esteemed lawfull and their children legitimate From which conditions because they would by no meanes depart Conde and the Nobility weary of warre without calling the Ministers any more did make the agreement And the capitulations concerning religion were these That where the Noblemen of the Hugonots haue high iustice they may liue in their houses in liberty of conscience and exercise of the reformed religion with their families and subiects The conditious of the accord in Frace That other Gentlemen who hold in fee not dwelling vnder other Catholique Lords of high iustice but immediatly vnder the King may exercise the same in their houses for themselues and their families onely That in euery Bayliweeke an house shall bee appointed in the Suburbs in which the reformed religion may be exercised by all of that iurisdiction That euery one may liue in his owne house without being enquired into or molested for his conscience That in all Cities where that religion hath beene exercised vntill the seuenth of March it shall bee continued in one or two places of that citie so that the Catholike Churches be not taken for that vse which also shall be restored to the Ecclesiastiques in case they haue beene surprised by them yet so as that they shall not pretend any thing for demolitions made That in the Citie and Precincts of Paris there shall bee no exercise of that religion but those who haue houses or reuenues there may returne and enioy them without being molested for matters either past or to come concerning their consciences That all shall repossesse their goods honors and offices notwithstanding the sentences to the contrary and executions of them since the death of Henrie the second vntill now That the Prince of Conde and all his followers shall be said to haue a good end and intention for the seruice of the King That all prisoners of warre or iustice for matter of religion shall freely be set at libertie That an obliuion of things past shall be published and iniuring and prouoking one another as also disputing and contending about religion shall be forbid and that they shall liue as brothers friends and fellow Citizens This accord was established the twelfth of March to the discontentment of Colignie who sayd their affaires were not in state to make such aduantagious conditions That it was proposed vnto him in the beginning of the warre to make peace with the Edict of Ianuary and now that they might require more aduantage the conditions were worse To say that in euery Bayliweeke there shall be one place for the exercise of religion is to take away all from GOD and to giue him a portion But the common inclination of all the Nobility did force him to be content Concerning these conditions the Kings letters were dispatched the nineteenth of the same moneth◠in which it was sayd That it hauing pleased God to permit for some yeeres the kingdome to be afflicted with seditions and tumults raised for matter of religion for which cause armes were taken with infinite slaughters sacking of cities ruines of Churches and now by continuance of the euill hauing experience that warre is not the proper remedie for this maladie the King hath thought fit to reunite his Subiects in good peace trusting that time and the fruit of an holy free generall or Nationall Councell will establish the same And heere the Articles concerning religion were added besides the others in matters of State which letters were published and registred in Court of Parliament and publikely proclaimed in Paris the seuen and twentieth of the same moneth This was blamed by the greater part of the Fathers in Councell who said it was to preferre the things of the world before the things of GOD yea to ruine both the one and the other For the foundation of a state which is religion being remoued it is necessarie that the temporall should come to desolation whereof the Edict made before was an example which did not cause peace and tranquillitie as was hoped but a greater warre then before And some of the Prelats did dare to say that the King and the whole Counsell had incurred the excommunications of many Decretals and Bulls for hauing giuen peace to the heretikes and that there was no hope that the affaires of
Holinesse had depriued himselfe of doing the King any good office by giuing him so great a grieuance The Pope answered againe not for out cause but your owne and for the benefiâ—s 〈◊〉 by vs to the King these words were not worthy to bee put into the protestation made vnto 〈◊〉 The President Birague arriued in Trent at the same time whom as we said before the French King had sent to the Councel and the Emperour who 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Trent was receiued in Congregation the second of 〈◊〉 where no Ambassadors inferior to the French were present that he might 〈◊〉 them place because Is receiued in congregation he had not the title of Ambassadour in the Kings 〈◊〉 He presented the letters of the King dated the fifteenth of April which saiel in substance That the troubles and 〈◊〉 raised in the kingdome for cause of religion were very well knoweâ—â— also his 〈◊〉 with the 〈◊〉 and assistance of Princes and 〈◊〉 his friends 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by armes that it pleased God in his incomprehensible Iudgements not to suffer those remedies of armes to produce any thing but 〈◊〉 slaughters sackings of cities ruines of Churches losse of Princes Lords Knights and other calamities and desolations so that it is easie to know that they were not fit to heale the infirmitie of Spirits which are ouercome onely by reason and perswasion that this hath caused him to make a Pacification according to the contents of his letters dispatched vpon that occasion not to permit the establishing of a new faith in the kingdome but that armes being layd aside he might with lesse contradiction make an vnion of all his Subiects in the same holy and Catholike religion a benefit which he did expect from the mercy of God and from a good and serious reformation which he did promise himselfe from the Synod And because hee had many things to represent to them and to desire of them he resolued to send Monsieur Renaut Birague who would informe them of all by word of mouth praying them to receiue and heare him with courtesie The letters being read the President spake relating very particularly the And maketh an oration discords warres and calamities of France the State and necessitie into which the King and kingdome were reduced the imprisonment of the Constable and death of the Duke of Guise which made them to bee as it were without armes Hee iustified the accord at large as being made for pure and meere necessitie and with more aduantage to the Catholike partie then to the contrary That the intention of the King and Councell was not to suffer an introduction or an establishment of a new religion but on the contrary armes and disobedience being remoued to reduce with lesse contradiction and by the wayes obserued by his ancestors to the obedience of the Church those that were out of their way and to reunite all in an holy Catholique profession knowing very well that the exercise of two religions cannot long subsist and continue in one kingdome Then he said that the King did hope to reunite quickly all his people in one opinion by the singular grace of GOD and by meanes of the Councell a remedy vsed alwayes by the ancients against such euils as those were which did then afflict Christendome Heprayed the Fathers to further the Kings good intention by a serious reformation by reducing manners to the 〈◊〉 and puritie of the ancient Church and by composing the differences in religion promising that the King would alwayes bee Catholike and deuoted to the Church of Rome according to the example of his ancestours Hee said in conclusion that the King did trust in the goodnesse and wisedome of the Fathers that they would compassionate the miseries of France and labour to cure them The President had commission to demaund that the Councel might be translated to a place where the Protestants might have free accesse For notwithstanding all the securitie giuen by the Pope and the Councell they held Trent suspected and desired a place where the Emperour might secure their But he touched not this point by the aduieâ— of Lordiuâ— and the French Ambassadours who â—â—ought it not fit to make 〈◊〉 and held it 〈…〉 of which 〈…〉 ker should answer Birague in the name of the Synod condoling the misfortunes and calamities of the kingdome of France and exhorting the King that hauing beene forced to make peace and to grant something to the Hugonots to restore religion intirely he would for the seruice of GOD when the kingdome was in peace labour without any delay that this good end might be obtained And they shewed this answer to Loraine after the Masse before they entred into the Congregation Who said hee did not like they should approue the Kings fact whereof they should rather complaine as preiudiciall to the faith and therefore that it was better to take time to answere as the vse is in matters of importance Whereupon they gaue order that Birague should be answered thus insubstance That in regard the things related and proposed by him were of great weight and had need of much consideration the Synod would take a fit time to answere him The French Ambassadours were much displeased with this fact of Loraine thinking that if the Legates had not beene disposed to commend the Kings actions hee ought to haue incited them yea to force them as much as hee could whereas on the contrary they iudging a commendation of the fact to bee iust and reasonable as indeed it was he had disswaded them But consulting amongst themselues they resolued not to write thereof into France for many respects and Lansac being to returne shortly might make that relation which should be thought necessary The moneth before there hapned a great tumult and popular commotion in Bauaria because the Cup was not allowed nor married men suffered A tumult in Bauaria for the Cup and mariage of Priests to preach which disorder proceeded so farre that to appease them the Duke promised in the Diet that if in all Iune a resolution were not made in Trent or by the Pope to giue them satisfaction himselfe would grant both the one and the other This newes comming to the Councel made the Legats dispatch in diligence Nicolaus Ormonetus to perswade that Prince not to make such a grant promising that the Councell would not bee wanting to his necessities To whom the Duke answered that to shew his obedience and deuotion to the Apostolike Sea hee would vse all meanes to entertaine his people as long as he could expecting and hoping that the Councell would resolue that which they saw to bee necessary notwithstanding the determination made before But the Congregations proceeding in handling the Conciliarie matters The Bishopof Nimes speaketh against Annates in one of them the Bishop of Nimes speaking of the abuses of Order discoursed of Annates He said that howsoeuer it could not bee denied that all Churches ought to contribute to
The Index Catechisme c. and some that others were omitted which did more deserue censure And there was no lesse difficultie about the Catechisme some thinking that that which was made was not fit to be made the common for the whole Church in which the greater part are simple and some desiring that more matter might be put into it And they differed as much about the Rituall bookes some desiring an vniformitie in the whole Church and some maintaining their owne But it appearing that these matters could not bee decided in a whole yeere the Legates propoled that all should bee referred to the Pope Whereunto some few Prelates did not consent and namely the Bishop of Lerida made a long oration to shew that if any thing were proper to the Councell it was the Catechisme it being a booke which after the Symbol ought to hold the first place in the Church that the Rituall bookes ought to hold the second in correcting of which there was need of an exquisite knowledge of antiquitie and of the customes of all countreys which will not bee found in the Court of Rome where though there be men of excellent wit and of great learning yet they want skill in this kind which is necessary to doe any thing commendably herein and that this is more proper to the Councell But the resolution to finish and the desire to depart from Trent caused him to haue but small audience The fiue and twentieth of this moneth the Count of Luna came to the Legats with an instance in writing Hee complained that the most principall matters for which the Councell was assembled were omitted and the others precipitated that they went about to finish the Synod without the priuitie of his King concluding that they ought to heare the opinions of the Diuines concerning the points of doctrine and expect an answere out of Spaine for the end of the Councell The Legats answered that things were in such forwardnesse that there was no time to expect nor was possible to withholde so many Bishops who were already in order to depart The Count replyed that if the Councell were ended without the knowledge of his King besides the instance he would doe something else as hee thought conuenient Hereupon the Legats sent presently to the Pope and the Count to the Ambassadour Vargas to treat with his Holines But Vargas thought it superfluous to speake any more herein both because at the comming of the currier the Pope fell extreame sicke and because hauing made the same instance a few dayes before the Popes finall answere was that he referred it The Popes sicknesse to the Councell the libertie whereof so much desired by his King also hee would not impeach And the Ambassadour saying that the Councel ought to bee held open because all the world did desire it the Pope demanded what that world was which would haue it open the Ambassadour answered Spaine would the Pope replied Write into Spaine that if they buy and studie Ptolomie they shall finde that Spaine is not the whole world The Legats vsed many perswasions to the Count of Luna and so did Loraine also and the Emperours Ambassadours But not being able to preuaile they laboured against him the Ambassadours in the name of the Emperour King of the Romans and of all Germanie and Loraine in the name of his King and of the Kingdome of France The Legats resoluing to finish the Councell according to the Popes order howsoeuer the Spanish Ambassadour might oppose were diligent in dispatch of the matters While these things were in doing the first of December a currier came from Rome late at night with aduise that the Pope was suddenly fallen into a dangerous infirmitie He brought letters from Cardinal Borromeo to the Legats Causeth the end of the Councell to be hastened and Cardinall of Loraine that they should hasten the Councell as much as might be and finish it without respect of any to withstand the inconueniences which might occurre about the election of the Pope in case the Councell should be open in time of vacancie In the letters there were some few words written with the Popes owne hand who did commit the same absolutely and tolde Loraine he should remember his promise It is certaine to speake this particular here though out of place that the Pope was resolued in case he did not recouer quickly to create eight Cardinals and to take order that no confusion might arise in the election of his successor The Legats and Loraine purposed to anticipate the time of the Session and either with the propositions or without to finish the Councell within two dayes that the newes of the Popes death might not first come Therefore they sent to communicate the aduice receiued their resolution to the Ambassadors and did negotiate with the principall Prelates They all agreed except the Spanish Ambassadour who sayd hee had order from his King that if the Sea were vacant he should not suffer the Pope to bee elected in Councel but that the election should be by Cardinals so that there was no neede to precipitate But Morone answered hee knew for certaine that the Ambassadour of France who was as yet in Venice had order from his King to protest that the Kingdome would not obey any Pope but him that should NotwithstaÌ„ding the opposition made by the Count oâ— Luna bee elected in Councell so that it was necessarie by all meanes to finish it for auoyding of danger The Count of Luna made a Congregation of Spanish Prelates in his house and spread a fame that hee was resolued to protest and oppose Notwithstanding the Legates held a Congregation the next morning in which the Decrees of Purgatorie and of the Saints were read as they were composed by the Cardinall of Varmia and the other deputies Afterward the reformation of Friars was read and all appooued with very great breuitie and a little contradiction Then the Articles of reformation were read In the first of the manners of Bishops at the passage where it is said that they shall not inrich their kinred and familie by the reuenues of the Church it was said of the reuenues of the Church of which they are faithfull dispencers for the Pope The Bishop of Salâ—nona did oppose this point saying that the portions of the poore being diuided by ancient Canon as also of the fabrique and of the Episcopall table it cannot bee said that bishops and other beneficed persons are dispencers but were Lords of their owne part which if they did spend ill they did sinne and incurre the wrath of God as euery other man did who spendeth his goods amisse but if they were dispencers for the poore they should bee bound to restitution which cannot be said There were many discourses the maior part defending that beneficed men were Lords of the fruits or vsufructuaries and others saying as the French Ambassadour had done in his Oration that they haue but the vse onely
keepeth him fast 44 Is crowned in Bolonia 52 Goeth to Rome is proud of his victorie in Africa 78 Is distasted with the Pope 110 And reconciled againe 111 Maketh the Pope afraid by residing at Ispruc so neere the Councell 355 Vseth meanes to make the Empire hereditarie but is crossed by his Nephew Maximilian 382 Quitteth the world 404 Charles the ninth the French King seemeth to fauour the Protestants 449 Alieneth Ecclesiasticall goods without the Popes leaue 712. 713 Wherewith his Holinesse is very angry 713. 793 Church what power it hath concerning the Sacraments 669 Whether it can make mariages void 756 Clement the seuenth Pope thinketh a Councell to be dangerous when the Popes authoritie is in question 34 Maketh a league with Francis the first the French King and inueigheth against the Emperour 37 Hee was illegitimate and created Pope by Simony 42 Is taken prisoner 44 Escapeth out of the Castle in the habit of a Merchant 45 Doeth suddenly recouer his greatnesse 47 Disswadeth the Emperour from desiring a Councell 50 And perswadeth him to proceed seuerely against the Lutherans 51 Sheweth a desire to call a Councell but meaneth to auoid it 58 Is aliened from the Emperour and ioyneth with France 64 His death vertues and vices 71 Colloquie betweene the Protestants and Papists 56 Another in Aganoa 92 In Wormes 93 In Ratisbon 95 And againe in Ratisbon 126 Colloquie in Wormes of foure and twentie Doctors 407 Of Poisi in France 451 Commendaes what they are is shewed by the Author in a large discourse 500 Commenda of all the Benefices in the world giuen by Clement the seuenth to his Nephew Hippolitus Card. de Medici 251 Communion of the cup denied by the Pope 290 Treated of in France 457 Demanded and discussed in Rome 458 459 519 520 522 523 526 528 529 537 556 559 560. Is denied in Councell by pluralitie of voices 567 Concubines of Priests are of Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction 82 Conclauists and their priuiledges 554 Conference at Marpurg betweene Luther Zuinglius 49 Conference in Nizza betweene the Pope French King and King of Spaine 85 Conference betweene the Pope and Emperour in Lucca 100 And another in Busseto 104 Confirmation the Sacrament is handled and a question disputed whether Bishops be the onely ministers of it 244 Confirmation of the Decrees of the Councell whether it ought presently to be made by the Pope is much disputed 814 815 c. Conseruators are Iudges granted to some particular men by the Pope to maintaine them in their pretended rights 352 353 Conspiracie in Genua of the Fieschi against the Dorij 222 Conspiracie in France against King Francis the second 421 Contarini is Legate for the Pope in Ratisbon 94 Speaketh as ambiguously as an oracle his exhortation to the Prelates 96 Complaineth that his answere was mistaken 97. Is suspected to be a Lutheran 100 His death 103 Continuation of the Councell is disliked by the Emperour and the French King but approoued by the King of Spaine 441 477 506 The Pope resolueth the continuation shall bee declared that the Councell may be dissolued but dareth not stand to it 511 Coronation of the Emperour in Bolonia 49. 52 Councels for what causes they began to be celebrated 2 Councell of Trent is opened by singing amasse of the holy Ghostonely 116 Councels held by Secular Princes 136 Councels doe deliberate of faith not by diuine inspiration but by humane disquisition 230 The question whether they haue greater authoritie then the Pope is forbid by the Legates to be handled 231 How the Spirit did worke in the Councell of Trent 276 The Councell is remanded to Trent from Bolonia 302 303 Councels doe not binde by their decrees the Churches absent 320 The Councell of Basil what authoritie it had 566. The Councell of Constance is commended by the Generall of the Serui. 567 The Councell of Trent was assembled to remedy abuses but was vsed to increase them The State of it is quite altered 782 The conclusion of it 803 Count of Luna is receiued in congregation and protesteth about his place 707 708 Creed established in the fourth Session 147 D. DEcrees of Iustification 223 And of Reformation 226 Are censured in Germany 227 A decree concerning the Sacraments 263 Concerning Baptisme 264 Concerning Confirmation 264 A decree of Reformation 264 A Decree concerning the Eucharist 339 A decree of Reformation 340 The decree Proponentibus Legatis is made and contradicted 469 The Spanish Ambassadour desireth it may be abrogated 720 The Emperor disswadeth the King of Spaine from desiring the abrogation of it 727 A decree of the institution of Bishops and of Residence 723 Another concerning Residence 736 Concerning Priest-hood and the other Orders 738 Another concerning Order 740 741. A Decree of reformation 787 788 Another concerning Purgatory 799 Decrees of the Councell of Trent must not haue any glosses or interpretations made vpon them but all doubts must bee referred to the Pope 817 Degradation of Prelats and the lawes thereof 336 337 Denmark embraceth the reformed religion 84 Deputies appointed in Rome ouer the Councell 168 256 257 Diet of Wormes 13 Of Noremberg 24. Of Spira 35 36 Of Ausburg 52. Of Aganoa 92 Of Ratisbon 94 126 183 Diets in Ausburg 272 292 306 388 Diocesan Counsels held in diuers Prouinces 296 297 Dispensations whether they may be graunted without a lawfull cause 253 What they are 675 are maintained at large by Laynez Generall of the Iesuits 721 Whether they haue brought more aduantage or disprofit to the Sea of Rome 791 Distributions called Canonicall what they are 495 The power of Bishops concerning them 556 Diuorce is handled by Dominicus Soto 670 and by Iohn Ramirez 671 The Venetian Ambassadors desire that the Grecians within their dominions may bee permitted to put away their wiues for fornication because they haue alwaies done so 755 Dominicans were emploied in Saxonie to vent Indulgences 5 are opposite to the Franciscans in the point of the reall presence 328 Duke of Saxonie called Iohn Frederick disputeth whether hee may cary the sword before the Emperor and stand at the Masse 52 Hee publisheth a Manifest against the Emperour 190 Who setteth forth a Bando against him 201 Hee had equall authority with the Landgraue of Hassia which maketh them both vnfortunate 204 Hee is taken in battell and condemned to die 270 But pardoned vpon very hard conditions 270 Duke of Saxonie called Maurice created Elector by the Emperour Charles the 5. sendeth ambassadours to the Councell 362 Who demand a safe-conduct 363 One of them makth an Oration in Councell 367 The Duke taketh Ispruc scarreth Charles the Emperour very much who setteth Iohn Frederick the deposed Duke at liberty 378 Duke of Wittenberg sendeth ambassadours to the Councell who present the Confession of their faith 355 Hee sendeth order to them to proceed in their negotiation 359 The Presidents will not suffer their confession to be disputed of in Councell 359 360 One of the Ambassadours maketh an