some of them as Fellow Members of Christ and Temples of the Holy Ghost which are endearing Arguments to espouse their Wants as our own with this good Memento That by casting our Bread upon the Waters after many days 〈◊〉 shall find it And by providing for the Poor we shall lay up Treasures in Heaven The Itch and Scabs also arise from Critical Evacuations Itch and Scabs derived from critical Evacuations flowing from Acute and Cronick Diseases discharging corrupt Humours and serous Recrements into the Ambient parts of the Body whereby it is freed from more significant inward Diseases oftentimes threatning Death This unclean Disease is often derived from Contagion Itch and Scabs coming from Contagion by reason the Surface of Scabby Bodies is besmeared with a nasty and clammy moisture which being imparted to others by Contact or by Clothes or Converse which make the like Itchy and Scabby impressions into the Blood of others as being received first by the Pores of the Skin into the extreamities of the Veins and afterward into greater and greater Trunks till they land into the right Cistern of the Heart and from thence are transmitted through the â—ungs by various Vessels into the left Chamber of the Heart and from thence are impelled into the Trunk of the Aorta and into smaller and smaller Arterial Branches till they arrive the Exterior parts of the Body which being of acute sense are tortured with sharp and serous faeces of the Blood Now I make bold to offer a great Instance of this Contagious Disease of which I had Forty Patients at once in a School at Padington where the Scholars so infected one another that there could scarce be found one that was not tainted with this fruitful and filthy Disease In order to the Cure of this Disease a wholesome Diet is to be observed and all salt highly Unctuous and Fat Meats forborn as easily degenerating into corrupt and salt Faeculencies of the Blood and some propound good Roasted Meat as the most fit to dry up the serous Excrements of the Blood In reference to Pharmacy Medicines are to be advised that purge by Stool and Urine and then Bleeding is requisite Specifick Purging Medicines attended with Bleeding do evacuate serous Humours and discharge the scabby Ferments lodged in the Blood by Arteries inserted into the Intestines whence the course of nasty Recrements being diverted from the Circumference toward the Center from the Ambient toward the Interior parts is exonerated by the Guts into a more large and free Receptacle In this Distemper Salt and Watry Humours being concerned I deem it very proper to advise Medicines that purge by Urine to hasten the serous Recrements of the Blood down the descendent Trunk of the Aorta and Emulgent Artery into the Glands of the Kidney wherein the grose Saline mixed with watry Particles being secerned from the Blood are carried through the Carunculae Papillares into the Pelvis and from thence by the Ureters into the Bladder I conceive it reasonable to advise Sudorificks Sudorifick Medicines are to be Administred after Purgatives and Diureticks after Purgatives and Diureticks have been largely Administred to free the Mass of Blood from its Saline Excrements by the Cutaneous Glands and their Excretory Ducts into the confines of the Body where it is at last to be Eradicated by drying and cleansing Topicks which do satisfie the indications of these noisome and vexatious Ulcers as fed by serous and viscid Recrements which cleansing and drying outward Medicines turn into Scabs and scale them off whereby the Circumference of the Body is cleared from this foul Disease disgracing the elegant surface of the Skin CHAP. X. Of the Cure of a Cutaneous Disease the Leprosie of the Greeks THe Leprosie of the Grecians is a degree of a true Leprosie not come to a height and is produced by great confaederacy of fixed Saline and fierce Sulphureous Particles highly exalted whereupon the Mass of Blood being very much depraved and uneasie to the Noble parts is transmitted from the greater Arterial branches A Leprosie caused by saline Particles concreted into a scabby Scurf and smaller Capillaries into the substance of the Cutaneous Glands the Interstices of the Vessels where the acide saline Particles are secerned from the Mass of Blood and thrown off by the Excretory Ducts into the confines of the Body to which it concreteth and adhereth as to an outward Wall like concreted Tartar of Wine to the sides of the Hogshead This Disease is generated oftentimes by ill Diet of Flesh A Leprosie proceeding from an ill Diet of salt Meat dried in the Smoak and from eating of great slimy Fish highly salted and dried in the Sun or Smoak or from the free Cups of small and acide Wines which are impraegnated with much Tartar or from the eating of Hogs-flesh ill fed and nastily kept lying in their own Excrements without frequent change of clean Straw which rendreth the Flesh foul and unwholesome This scurfy disaffection of the Skin also taketh its rise from eating much slimy and great Fish which is familiar to them that live upon the Sea-Coast as treating themselves with well grown Fish which being of a viscide nature do spoil the Blood by making it full of gross Recrements and saline Particles as living in Salt Water which necessarily impraegnate their Blood with the same dispositions so that Fish being eaten in too great Proportions do produce gross Chyle in the Stomach and afterwards a foul Mass of Blood which is depurated in the Cutaneous Glands and thence conveyed to the outward parts where the Skin is crusted over with concreted saline Particles streined from the Vital Liquor which being highly rubbed or scratched do fall off like Scabs But this ugly Distemper doth not only proceed from ill Diet The Leprosie proceedeth from Venereal and Scorbutick Distempers but from bad internal Elements of the Blood consisting of depraved Heterogeneous parts often found in Venereal and Scorbutical Diseases which are founded in Malignant Humours of a venenate nature infecting the Blood whereupon this Prognostick may be made though it doth not threaten any eminent danger as speedily cutting off the Thread of Life yet it is hard to be Conquered as being very stubborn when deeply tooted not giving way to the Administration of powerful Medicines so that the Acide Saline and Sulphureous Particles of the Blood being rendred more and more exalted and the Patient being tired out with long Courses of Physick do degenerate into a perfect Leprosie which often proves an incurable Disease As to the Cure of it in reference to the preservative Indication which is satisfied in the removal of the Causes The first is Procatarctick flowing from a gross stagnant Air productive of the Scorby which must be carefully exchanged for a free serene Air The other Cause is an ill Diet in which we must abstain from salt Meats either dried in the Sun or Smoak and gross ill-brewed Ale
into the outward surface of the inward skin whereupon the Cuticula was more elevated into greater Swellings then at first and her Face was denuded of all Features by this envious Disease treating most severely the best Faces and greatest Beauties to teach us Humility and Self-denial to make us out of love with our selves and Admire and Adore him in kissing with reverence the gentle correcting Hand of our Great Maker and Redeemer whose Dispensations though they seem severe to the outward Man yet they prove most advantagious to the inward and work for the best to all that Love Fear and Obey him Pray pardon the Digression which I have added to divert the good Reader and if any Person be so unkind to me and himself to receive it as impertinent with scorn I pity and pray for him But to return and visit our sick Patient whose Body was preserved though her Face ruined which was chieflly accomplished by Nature her self under God producing a great Ptyalisme which I advanced by all means possible in advising most powerful opening and cleansing Gargarisms highly assisting Nature in discharging the impurities of the Blood by the Excretory Glands belonging to the Mouth In the Flux Pox complicated with a Spotted Fever we ought always to consult the Honour of our Art when we cannot be happy Ministers of a Cure to fore-arm the Friends and Relations of the Patient Pronosticks give an Honor to Art where Diseases are dangerous or deplorable with a Prognostick of the eminent danger of the Disease which in this Case is deplorable else we shall gain the repute of Unskilful Artists though we satisfie the indications of the Disease with the most proper Remedies and use our utmost Endeavours and Art to recover the Patient yet ill Success shall render us liable to the censure of the Vulgar who are governed more by Sense then Reason unless we give account before-hand what can be said in Humane Probability relating to the event of the Disease which in this case is very dangerous if not fatal to the Patient where the Person is not relieved in the Flux Pox with the large Eruption of the matter of the Disease by the Cutaneous Glands nor by free ejection of the faeculent and serous parts of the Blood and Succus Nutricius by salival Liquor spued out of the Oâ—al Glands and yet notwithstanding these hopeful Evacuations the Disease prevaileth and the blew spots appeared the symptoms of a Pestilential Fever the mournful Heralds proclaiming the approaches of Death Person of great Honour and Virtue being of a timorous disposition was frequently daunted at the apprehension of the Small Pox denying her self the ease and happiness of her Life as being always in pain with the phancy of a Disease which at last surprised her though she often quitted beloved London the Dalilah of Women to preserve her self from this noisome and afflictive Distemper which seised her by the imprudence of her Landlady who lodged her in a bed infected with a Body lately dead of the Sall Pox complicated with a Spotted Fever which made the same impressions in her as receiving the pestilential Steams into her Body as reposed in the infected Bed in which when she found her self discomposed she took free draughts of Strong Waters thinking thereby to calm her Distemper which in truth had a contrary effect and raised the Storm much higher by producing a much greater â—bullition of Blood which taking its progress from the inward to the Ambient parts in which the serous parts of the Vital Liquor and Succus Nutricius discover themselves in most minute Swellings and pustles and Nature in this person of Honour did not make a discharge only of the offenssive matter by the Skin but also by streams of Salival Liquor flowing out of the Excretory Channels relating to the numerous Oral Glands which I promoted by proper Gargarisms In reference to her Pestilential Fever which highly afflicted her Medicines appliable to the Small Pox in case of Malignant Fevers I ordered pearl Cordials and many kinds of moderately cooling Julaps and temperate Diaphoreticks consisting of mild testaceous Powders which brought out the Small Pox very fair and to a laudable Suppuration appearing in the white heads of fruitful Tumours big with a well digested purulent Matter which at last began to dry into Scabs interspersed with large blew spots the sad Emblems of Death which happened in the seventeenth day of her Sickness which highly discomposed me to part with a Friend as well as a Patient a person of so great Honour Kindness and good Humour whose Memory I shall account sacred and for ever revere being now ready upon this sad History which happened many Years since to dapple my Paper with Tears as a due resentment of my great trouble and loss A Salemans Wife fell sick of a dangerous Small Pox as cofaederated with a Spotted Fever which had so unkindly an Eruption that the Livid Spots far exceeded the Pimples in number but upon due applications of gentle Diaphoreticks and Cordial Julaps the Fermentation of the Blood was reduced to a good allay as being not too much exalted nor depressed so that the offensive Matter was brought out and thickned whereupon the Fever disappeared and the Small Pox growing first plump and then the Ulcerous Matter was dried into Scabs whereby the Patient being recovered liveth a Momument of Gods wonderful Mercy I humbly beg the favour of all Mens Lives are not to be trusted in the hands of Empericks which are very unsafe and destructive in reference to the Cure of the Small Pox and all other Diseases that shall so far Honour me as to read this rude Treatise as they have a value for their own Health rather then my Interest not to trust themselves in the hands of Quacks and Empericks in any Distemper and especially in this dangerous Disease in which out of Arrogance to speak themselves an attribute they contradict the safe and wholesome advice of Physitians and contrary to all Reason Art and Experience they confound the Aeconomy of Nature and destroy their Patients with strong Vomits and Purges and hot Faetide Drops and Spirits as knowing no better which too much raise the Fermentation of the Blood and weaken the course of Nature and divert its regular Current of offensive Humours in the Measles and Small Pox from the outward confines of the Body to the inward and tender Recesses of the Bowels where their violent Medicines produce Loosnesses Bloody Fluxes Lypothymies Syncopies and Death speaking a sad Catastrophe of all Worldly Joy and Happiness hastned by impudent new Experiments which they make upon their overcredulous Patients CHAP. VIII Of Freckles Spots Morphew and the like THere are other disaffections which are more superficial and of less importance as lessening the Lustre Freckles Spots and Morphew are Cured by Cosmeticks and Beauty of the outward Skin as Freckles Spots Morphew and the like which are Cured often by Cosmeticks as the
Circles of Cells full of Diaphanous Liquor and run horizontally being most commonly graced with an Orbicular Figure and resemble many round bedes set one by another The Bark of Trees having some likeness with the Skin of Animals The Bark of Trees is fastned to the Wood by many Cortical Fibres as the Skin of Man is conjoyned to the Body by the mediation of fruitful Fibres or Ligaments is contiguous to the Wood to which it is fastned by the interposition of many Cortical Fibres as the Skin is conjoyned to the Flesh by the mediation of innumerable thin Membranes and the Vessels appertaining to the Bark do often embrace each other and afterward are inserted into the Cuticula Whereupon I conceive it proceedeth that the Bark of many Trees are laticed with divers Fissures of different Figures and Magnitudes somewhat resembling the manner of Quadrangles of unequal sides And the said Fissures present us with several Postures and windings of the Vessels in their braces which is the cause that the Cuticle of some Trees peel off in a kind of Rings because the Vessels are lodged after the same position in the Bark in which divers braces and parting 's of the Vessels do much resemble the fine Network of the Skin made by the several unions of numerous Segments configuring the Vessels placed in the Cutis of a Humane Body CHAP. V. Of Pathology specified in many Disaffections and Diseases of the Cuticula and Cutis the outward and inward Skin HAving described the rare contexture of the Cuticula and Cutis of the finer and thicker Vestments encircling the Body of Man consisting of various Vessels and Fibres rarely interspersed and interwoven with each other and accompanied with numerous minute Glands discharging the hot steams and watry and saline parts of the Blood in Sweat through the excretory Vessels terminating into the Pores of the outward Skin and the comparate Anatomy of the Skin in Fish Insects and Plants My aim at this time is to Treat of the cutaneous symptomes as shadows attending different distempers and of various Diseases lodged principally in the inward and somewhat affecting the outward Skin which being thin and insensible is less obnoxious to Diseases and more liable to Symptoms This beautiful Vaile is sometime deformed in its surface with a yellow hue in the Jaundies The Skin is tinged with Yellow in the jaundies primarily caused by the obstructions of the cholidoc Duct not discharging the bilious parts of the Blood percolated by the hepatic Glands into the Duodenum whence the Liver being oppressed with too great a proportion of choleric Matter lodged first in the interstices of the Vessels is sollicited to throw it off with the mass of Blood into the extremity of the Cava through whose Trunk it is conveyed into the right Chamber of the Heart and thence impelled by the pulmonary Arteries and Veins into the left Cistern of the Heart and afterwards through the greater Trunks and smaller Branches in the cutaneous Glands as so many colatories of the Blood in which a secretion is made of the thinner part of the bilious Humours and transmitted through the excretory Ducts of the Skin to the surface of the Body defacing its white Robe new died with Yellow derived from bilious Humours severed from the Purple Liquor And sometimes this fine vaile of the outward Skin is bespeckled with various unnatural colours The Skin is discoloured in scorbutick distempers malignant severs and the Plague with Red Purple Livid and Black Spots which are sometimes critical and other times symptomatical imparted to it by scorbutic distempers malignant Fevers and the Plague marking the sick with Red Purple Livid and Black Characters as so many emblems of different Diseases flowing from the less or greater indisposition of the Blood dispersed into the cutaneous Glands by which some thin Particles being severed from the mass of Blood are discharged through the excretory Ducts into the Confines of the Body variegated with different spots Which sometimes prove critical as giving alleviation to Patients and are good omens of Recovery and other times are ill symptomes speaking a desperate sickness and as so many Black Characters in which we may plainly read the fatal stroke of death The Skin is also obnoxious to divers Swellings Ulce Scabs and Scurfes according to variety of Diseases And so I pass from Shadows to Substances from Symptomes to Diseases produced à vitiata conformatione partium affectarum in cute whose elegant texture is highly disordered and its beautiful Figure defaced in unnatural colours Asperities Inflamations Swellings Ulcers incident to the Skin in the Measles Small Pox Scarlet Fevers St. Anthonies Fire or Erysipelus Itch Tetters Leprosies and the like The Measles and Small Pox are somewhat alike in Nature and Cure The description of the Measles and are both called by the Grecians in a general name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but the Small Pox are stiled more peculiarly by the Title of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Whereupon the small Pox are some times complicated with the Measles as having affinity with each other which I saw in a Kentish Gentlewoman in whom the pimples of the Skin were interspersed with various red Asperities the marks of the Measles and blew spots the Shades of a more fatal Disease The Measles are much less then the other in bulk and are asperities or small risings of the Skin accompanied with a continued Fever arising as I conceive from ebullition of Blood which is transmitted by the capillary Arteries into the cutaneous Glands when the impure parts of the Blood are percolated and thrown through the excretory Ducts into the Skin highly tinged with a Red hue and rendred rough by some extravasated particles insinuated into the secret passages of the Skin whereupon it is made unequal by many minute protuberancies which soon grow ripe and disappear The Small Pox is a much greater and more troublesome distempers The description of the Small Pox. The symptomes of the Small Pox are the pain of the Head and Back attended with the pain of the Head and Back the forerunners of this noisome Disease the first arising from the Blood having recourse through the carotide Arteries to the Membranes of the Brain which are highly afflicted with its great effervescence and the pain of the Back proceedeth also from a great ebullition of Blood whose Compage being very much expanded by unnatural heat puffeth up the descendent Trunk of the Aorta whereupon the adjoyning vertebral Nerves are much discomposed and tortured with pain The Throat is very much inwardly swelled in the small Pox which is derived from the Matter of the Disease carried by the carotide Arteries into the tonsillary Glands which being tumefied do discompose the fauces and entrance of the Gulet and lessening its cavity do make a difficulty of swallowing Another symptome a concomitant of this vexatious distemper A sore throat and Cough are attendants of the Small Pox. Great
contexture of nervous Fibrils faced with Fat in its outward Surface The Membrana Adiposa is accommodated with many minute Cavities as so many repositories of Fat. and to that intent it is furnished with great variety of minute Apartiments within whose little spaces are lodged many small unctuous concreted bodies which are subject to be rendred fluid as melted by immoderate heat produced by violent motion of the Body And therefore Nature hath most wisely contrived these numerous particles of Fat to be confined within several Membranous Cavities as so many safe allodgments in which it is conserved as in so many proper places wherein the Fat is secured in opposition to â—iquation in case of extravagant motion It seemeth to be a great secret in Nature how Fat is generated Heat cannot cause Fat whose efficient cause is consigned by many Anatomists of no mean Rank to the first qualities of Heat and Cold. As to the first It can hardly be conceived how it should be productive of Fat which I guess proceedeth from Sulphureous parts concreted no ways to be effected by Heat rendring them fluid which is effected by a Colliquating power And all unctuous bodies which are rather condensed by Cold are rarefied and melted by hot Particles So that Cold rather Cold is rather productive of Fat then Heat or at least a very gentle Heat which is a kind of comparative Cold in reference to a more intense Heat doth contribute something to the concretion of Fat made of Oily Particles secerned from the Succus Nutricius associated with the Blood in the substance of many Glands besetting the Membrana Adiposa and thence conveyed to the empty spaces of the Vessels to whose sides the unctuous parts of Fat do adhere Whereupon I do humbly conceive that Fat being attenuated by heat and condensed by cold is only altered by them according to different modes of the Matter as being rendred fluid or condensed which are no ways the intrinsick causes of Fat formed out of the Sulphureous parts of the Succus Nutricius which are liquid as long as they move in company with the Chyme and Vital Liquor in the Vessels out of whose Terminations they are transmitted into the substance of many small Glands as so many strainers of the oily Juice which afterward exudeth into the habit of the Body where it being despoiled of motion in Extravasation gaineth a more solid substance and there being concreted is affixed to the Walls of the Vessels And oftentimes concreted Matter doth reassume its primitive nature of a Liquor when colliquated by unnatural heat or extraordinary motion When the Alimentary Liquor is expended in Diseases it is repaired by Colliquated Fat and thereby these resolved Oily Particles are reconveyed into the Veins and reassociate with the Blood and Succus Nutricius to give a supply to the Alimentary Liquor when expended in Acute and Chronick Diseases which hath been often discovered in Humane Bodies when opened after Death and diligently inspected with curious Eyes In great cetaceous Fish as Whales Porpesses and the like great proportions of Oyl are conserved in numerous Vesicles as so many Receptacles seated in a Membrane not far remote from the inward surface of the Skin and may be called Oleosa in the abovesaid Fish these unconcreted Particles are of the same ingeny with the Fat of Men and other Animals as being of an unctuous inflamable nature A most learned Author is of this Sense That Fat being Colliquated and flowing with the Mass of Blood is unnatural which is one reason saith he why Fat cannot be generated out of the Vital but Nervous Liquor I confess in Diseases when Fat is melted by an over intense heat and received into the Vessels it may be truly called an unkindly Liquor and no proper Fat but when it is originally In solutis Principiis as it were the creamy part of the Succus Nutricius it may be well reputed the Materia substrata of Fat as consisting of oily Particles which though in confaederacy with the Blood yet they admit a secretion from it in the glandulous substance of the Adipose Membrane Caul and Interstices of the Muscles which abound with many minute Glands and I believe there are scarce any Membranes or muscular parts in the whole Body which are not furnished in some degree or other with them And although the Glands seated in the Liver Splene Kidneys and the like are not secretories of Fat but of the Recrements of Bile Urine and the like And the Glands lodged in the Membrana Adiposa Caul and empty spaces of the Muscles are fit Organs to secern the oily Particles of the Succus Nutricius Membranes may supply the places of Colatories as endued with many minute Pores through which Liquors may be strained as having Vessels proper for it and I do suppose the many thin Membranes inclosing the minute globules of Fat may supply the places of Colatories seeing it may be not improbable that the Sulphureous Particles of the Alimentary Liquor moving with the Vital may be strained through the secret passages of the Membranes which may hold Analogy with the minute oily Bodies both in shape and size And I most humbly conceive that these Sulphureous Particles circulating with the Blood are no more capable to be evacuated with the serous Recrements through the Urinary Ducts into the pelvis of the Kidney then the Vital Liquor or Succus Nutricius with which the oily parts the matter of Fat are embodied because the extreamities of the Urinary Ducts do not agree with these oily parts in Figure and Magnitude And farther Fat is not generated of Nervous Liquor This most learned Author seemeth to reinforce his Opinion by affirming that Fat is produced out of Nervous Liquor and no ways out of parts associating with the Blood because in the Dissection of a dead Scorbutick Body he discerned many drops of Oyl swimming in the Blood which could not be the cause of Fat because this person was Emaciated To which I take the boldness to reply That these oily Particles floating in the Blood were unnatural being the product of Colliquation hindring the generation of Fat made by Concretion which cannot be accomplished as long as the oily parts are in motion with the Blood whose heat rendreth them thin and fluid Wherefore it is necessary for the Sulphureous Liquor to be severed from the Succus Nutricius accompanying the Blood by proper Organs which putteth the oily parts being Extravasated into a capacity of Concretion whence ariseth the more solid coagulated substance of Fat consisting of many small Globuls encircled with Concave Membranes which are formed one after another by a new afflux of oily parts Concreted and conjoyned to each other by interposition of many thin Coats and are primarily affixed to the Adipose Membrane as to their great support and common parent This Membrane having a double surface The situation of the Membrana Ddiposa is fastened above to the Fat with
near the Extreamity of the Guts and are two Lobules endued with a Conick Figure †e e. The Kidneys of an Eel The Kidneys of an Ecl. have their beginning †T. 41. F. 2. f f f f. near the Gills and take their progress as in other Fish on each side of the Spine †iii. and are of great length according to the make of the Fish and have their lower Extreamity endued with a point near their Termination into the Intestinum Rectum as having no Bladder of Urine The Emulgent Blood Vessels †g g g g. descend all along the right side of the Spine and do impart many Branches to the Glands of the Kidneys This Fish as well as many others doth discharge Urine gross Excrements Eggs and Seminal Liquor through the Intestinum Rectum and Anus †k. as the Termination of it The Originations †T. 43. F. 1. a. of the Kidneys in a Carp are very small The Kidneys of a Carp and take their first rife as it were in obtuse Cones Their progress †b b. is larger and furnished with numerous Glands some Oval or Round others are Oblong and of a Conick Figure and after two or three Inches they go transversely to each side as having Processes in form of a Cross †c c. and have afterward smaller Processes †e e e e. derived from the Cruciform Process taking their progress on each side of the Spine †h h. The Origen †T. 44. h. of the Kidney in a Flounder is larger in Dimensions then the other parts and maketh its progress in a Semicircular manner and after Pyramidal Figure †iii. its Base being seated in its beginning and its Cone †k. in the Termination near the Bladder of Urine A Tench hath small-Origens Cruciform Processes The Kidneys of a Tench and Pyramidal Progresses below the Cross of the Kidneys ending in an acute Cone in all which this Fish perfectly resembleth that of a Carp A Thornback hath Kidneys much different from other Fish in the manner of the Globules which are placed edgwise and are Systems composed of many Glands of several Figures and Magnitudes The beginning †T. 44. F. 4. a a. of these Kidneys are much smaller then their Terminations †b. CHAP. XXVI The Pathologie of the Kidneys and its Cures THe Kidneys have as many Diseases as parts viz. an Iskury a total Suppression of Urine a sparing or too profuse Excretion of it Inflammations Apostemes Ulcers Gangraens Scirrhus Worms Stones as the most troublesome of all Disaffections attended with violent pains as so many Deaths An Iskury sometimes proceeds from the indisposition of Blood An Iskury derived from an ill mass of Blood for want of a due Fermentation in the Kidneys by reason the Heterogeneous Elements are so united that the Compage of the Blood is not capable to be opened by the Ferments of the Kidneys which sometimes are not well qualified or wholly deficient so that the watry saline Recrements cannot be secerned in the Glands from the more noble parts of the Vital Liquor in order to its refinement and conveyed into the Urinary Ducts Pelvis Ureters and Bladder upon which account no Urine can be ejected upon the application of the Catheter An Iskury may also be derived from an Inflammation of the Glands lodged in the Kidneys shutting up the Roots of the Excretory Vessels by compression which often proves fatal to the Patient An Iskury derived from an Inflammation of the Glands of the Kidneys A sparing excretion of Urine is sometimes borrowed either from the grossness of Urine mixed with purulent or fabulous Matter A sparing excretion of Urine and sometimes it is caused by the smalness of the Orifices belonging to the Urinary Ducts As to an Iskury flowing from an Indispotion of the Blood The Cure of an Iskury or from an Inflammation of the Kidneys it denoteth Blood-letting to lessen its Mass and to render its watry parts more fit for Secretion to which may be added gentle Diureticks mixed with Emollients as Apozemes and Emulsions made of the Cooling Seeds of Melons Pumpions White Poppy as also Leaves of Mallows Marsh-Mallows Pellitory of the Wall c. And in case the Iskury proceed not from an Inflammation of the Kidney but from a too close Compage of the Blood Diureticks mixed with Chio Turpentine and Hollands Powder may be given as also Millepedes Spirit of Turpentine Powder of Bees may be administred in proper Vehicles with great Care Strong Diureticks are dangerous in Iskuries after Universals have been premised lest these strong Diureticks should bring a source of gross Matter accompanying the Blood into the substance of the Glands stopping up the Roots of the Excretory Vessels whereby the Current of the Urine may be wholly intercepted and the Disease rendred more difficult to be Cured Fomentations and Baths are very proper in Diseases of the Kidneys and particularly in the late mentioned to open and relax the Compage of the Blood and enlarge the Origens of the Excretory Vessels that they may become more fit to give reception to the watry Particles severed from the Blood On the other side The too great excretion of Urine or Diabetes The Kidneys are disaffected with too large an Evacuation of Serous Matter much exceeding the quantity of Ingested Liquor This Disease is very rare and requireth care to give a good Judgment that we be not deceived in our Diagnosticks of it And therefore in large Excretions of Urine we must consider whether it doth not come from some External Cause from good Fellowship and the like which will afford a large ejectment of Urine Which if it be the work of Nature in Sickness the Patient receiveth a manifest benefit in the Alleviation or Solution of the Disease But if the profuse evacuation of Serous Liquor be Preternatural it riseth greater and greater more and more exceeding the proportion of received Liquor wherein the Urine is pale thin watry crude as wanting its due Consistence and Hypostasis This Disease is accompanied with a great Drought of the Mouth and Thirst proceeding from the unkindly heat of the Blood wanting a due allay of Potulent Matter thrown off in too great a quantity by the Kidneys Ureters and Bladder As to the Cause of this Disease The cause of a Diabetes it may be worthy our enquiry by reason it is great and rare which is assigned by some Physicians to the hot Distemper of the Kidneys highly attracting Serous Liquor out of the Veins which opposeth the Circulation of the Blood made good by the contraction of the Heart impelling Blood by Arteries into all parts of the Body And I humbly conceive that the cause of this unusual Distemper to be the Potulent parts of the Blood running only confused with it as not perfectly embodied which not having recourse to the ambient parts of
do sprout two Ureters †T. 43. F. 1. d d d d. which take their progress all along the Kidneys on each side of the Spine †iii. and are implanted into the Bladder of Urine near its Neck A Codlin is furnished with a great company of Glands The Ureters of the Codlin endued with Serous Ducts the Origens of the Ureters †T. 43. F. 2. f f f f. which are very short in this Fish and are inserted into the Bladder not far from its Origination The left Kidney of a Flounder is of a Semicircular Figure The Kidneys and Ureters of a Flounder about whose Terminations made in a Cone a short Ureter †T. 44. F. 1. l. creepeth out of the Kidney and some small space after is inserted into the Bladder of Urine A Thornback hath Kidneys The Kidney and Ureters of a Thorn back seated edgewise on both sides of the Spine and is accommodated with short Ureters †T. 44. F. 2. C. implanted into the Intestinum Rectum A Crocodile hath long Kidneys The Kidneys and Ureters of a Crocodile and hath long Ducts lodged on each side of the Spine which are very fair and carry down the watry Serous Liquor as inserted into the Intestinum Rectum CHAP. XXX Of the Vreters and their Pathologie THe Ureters are liable to divers Disaffections The obstructions of the Ureters and their Cure as many kinds of Obstructions proceeding from different Matter sometimes they are stuffed with a Mucous or Purulent Matter much hindring the flux of Serous Liquor through these Aquaeducts Unde exoritur imminuta Urinae excretio The Cure of this Disease doth indicate gentle Lenients slippery Purgatives joyned with Diureticks as Medicines made of Cassia Tamarinds the Lenitive Electuary mixed with Hollands Powder and Turpentine c. As also Emollient and gentle Diuretick Apozemes of the Opening Roots Mallows Marsh-Mallows Pellitory of the Wall Golden Rod Saxifrage c. As also Emulsions of the Cooling Seeds given with several kinds of Testaceous Powders and above all a great care must be had of not giving strong Diureticks alone whereby a great source of gross Matter may be forced into the Vessels of the Kidneys and Ureters and cause a total suppression of Urine which often proveth fatal to the Patient Sometimes the Excretion of Urine is abolished The Iskury flowing from coagulated Blood proceeding in a great quantity of Coagulated Blood filling the Cavities of the Ureters and intercepting the current of watry superfluities My worthy Friend and Colegue Doctor Allen gave me an Instance of of this case in a Patient of his who first discharged a great quantity of Blood through the Urethra and afterward laboured with a stoppage of Urine and after divers excellent Remedies had been Administred without success in this desperate Disease the Patient resigned his Soul into the Hands of his Gracious Maker The Abdomen being opened and the Viscera carefully inspected to see the cause of his Death his Ureters were found highly distended with a great quantity of Grumous Blood hindring the course of the Urine into the common Receptacle Sometimes an Iskury is accompanied with great pains of the Loins An Iskury coming from a Stone lodged of the Pelvis and side of the Belly derived from a Stone lodged in the Pelvis and upper part of the Ureter whereupon ensued a total suppression of Urine the forerunner of Death A worthy Doctor of Physick's Wife having been long Tortured with severe pains of her Back and violent Vomitings at last fell into a lost Excretion of Urine which could not be recovered by an excellent Course of Physick and she in great Faith and Patience submitted her self to her Creators Will in a happy departure At the instance of my Dear Friend Learned Doctor Cox I waited upon the dead Body of a Physicians Relation to view the parts affected in this late deplorable case of Suppression of Urine whereupon the Body being opened by a Skilful Chyrurgeon Mr. James Mullins and the parts inspected most of them appeared to be sound except the Kidneys one of which was wholly putrefied and its substance absumed and the other being cut open a Stone was forced out of the Kidney into the Pelvis and top of the Ureter which wholly stopped up the passage of Urine Sometimes the Ureters offend Magnitudine aucta An unnatural expansion of the Ureters being highly distended by a great quantity of Urine contained in them produced by the narrowness of the Cavity of the Bladder whose substance being highly Indurated was not capable to give reception to a due proportion of Urine A Gentleman one of the King's Guards was often afflicted with a great pain in his Sides and Groin and violent Vomiting and Strangury making but a little Urine with pain and difficulty in order to ease him I ordered him gentle Purgatives and Emollient Diuretick Apozems and Emulsions of the Cooling Seeds and Milk and Destilled Milk which did much Alleviate the sharpness of Urine upon which he did seem much to amend and had for some time a free evacuation of Urine and after some time he fell ill again and was vexed with former pains and Vomitings upon which I repeated the former Course which at first gave him great relief and added many other proper Medicines and advised Fomentations made of Emollient and Discutient Ingredients but all in vain as being not crowned with Success After Death his Abdomen being opened the Kidneys were found well Coloured and much Distended and the right Pelvis grew so large that it was capable to receive a Turkey Egg and the Ureter belonging to the right Kidney was so enlarged that it equal'd the Ileon in greatness containing in it a Pint of Furfuracious Urine such as he often made which was kept in the Ureter by reason the Bladder was Scirrhus and not able to dilate it self to entertain any quantity of Urine nor discharge that well that was received into it because the Urethra was obstructed with many Caruncles hindring the Excretion of Urine CHAP. XXXI Of the Bladder of Vrine THe All-wise Archytect hath contrived the noble Fabrick of Mans Body in great Prudence and hath disposed all the parts in admirable Order as the Meaner are ministerial to the more Excellent and so hath designed the Kidneys to be Colatories of the Blood and the Bladder as a Repository of its watry Recrements till such a proportion is Collected as is fit for Expulsion to give us ease and repose The Bladder of Urine hath its situation in the Hypogastrick Region between the two Coats of the Rim of the Belly in a Cavity immured with the Os Coxendicis and Pubis in Men it resteth upon the Intestinum Rectum and in Women it is fastned to the Neck of the Ureters and in both it is affixed to the Share-Bones and to the Navil by the Urachus Marchettus found no Bladder in a Paduan but many small Cavities supplying its place
which are concreted into Stones lodged in the Cavity of the Uterus The womb also is incident to a Dropsy The Dropsie of the Womb. derived from Serous Recrements of the Blood passing down the descendent Trunk of the Aorta and afterward through the Hypogastrick and Spermatick Arteries into the Glandulous substance of the womb wherein the watry humours being severed from the Blood are carried in a large quantity by degrees through the secret passages of the inward Coat into the Cavity of the womb whereupon it groweth much distended called vulgarly a Dropsy of the womb A German Emperess being afflicted with divers disaffections of the womb An Instance of a Dropsie and other diseases of the Womb. did complain of a great weight about the Share-bone as if she had been with Child and after Death her Body being opened her Womb was discovered to be highly Tumefied into which an Incision being made a great quantity of gross Faeculencies gushed out and about its sides and body appeared many Tumours consisting of a white mucous Matter resembling Nervous concreted Liquor Crucius de Quaesitis Cent. 1. p. 21. giveth the more full History of this Case August Imperatrix M. omnia signa verae gestationis tribus fere annis ante obitum habuit ut omnes Doctissimos Medicos expertissimas Mulieres deceperit usque ad nonum mensem cum motus non ita fortis ut par esse videbatur desideraretur lac in mamillis quibus de causis post decimum exactum mensem licet optima si qua alias frueretur valetudine ad sanguinis missionem ipsa quidem invitissima cum omnino crederet se gestare ad alia oportuna remedia deventum sit sicut reliquo tempore cum doloribus ventris per plures dies torqueretur aliis Symptomatibus quibus pro necessitate varia Medicamenta fuerunt praescripta usque fert ad secundum annum quo tempore à pluribus communicatis consiliis ad fortiora Medicamenta pro mali expulsione properavimus demum serenissima Augusta jam ab anno ante obitum satis manifestam corporis maciem excepto ventre excepit cum alias esset satis pinguis Post istam corporis maciem pulcherrimae figurae jacturam frequentibus Lypothymiis laboravit ventris doloribus Uteri affectibus gravitate circa pubem mensium suppressione stomachi torsionibus Cardialgia Convulsionibus plerumque aliis symptomatibus fuit saepe correpta una cum vomitu frequentiore materiae phlematicae biliosae hujus per unum aut alterum mensem ante obitum post magna animi deliquia post magnum Stomachi ardorem inexplebilem sitim per vomitum ad libras fere quindecem pluribus vicibus fuisse rejectas referunt mensium suppressionem passa diu fuit Many diseases accompanying the disaffections of the Womb. Hujus defunctae aperto thorace Pulmones reperti flaccidi semiputridi ac sanguine atro referti in Cordis Ventriculo dextro repertum fuit corpus Glandulosum separatum omnino à circumstante substantia Cordis oblongum ad ovi columbini longioris Crassitiem foris obductum pinguedine intus vero continebatur sua Membrana Glandulosa substantia alba satis mollis reliquam capacitatem Ventriculorum occupabat sanguis ater Concretus ad uncias quatuor Septum transversum sublividum erat quasi totum corrosum Fellis Vesicula satis magna erat cum multa bile duobus Lapillis durae Tartareae substantiae qui casu confracti splendebant Unus superabat magnitudinem ciceris alter aequabat Hepar erat satis magnum coloris subrubri aut potius livescentis Lien erat satis magnus sed substantia naturalis erat Per ejus vero longitudinem substernebatur Vesicula plena humore flavo crasso Intestina naturaliter se habebant sed Mesenterium fere totum computrescens visebatur quasi Succubus cum longo collo Utero incumbens oppletus magna copia Phlegmatis Crassissimi Lividi non valde faetentis quod etiam totam regionem hepatis latus dextrum Offarciebat Cavitas Abdominis etiam oppleta humore ichoroso flavo qui una cum supradicto Phlegmate ascendit ad Lib. 24. Uterus vero erat valde magnus plenus humore Crassissimo albo Circa ejus latera corpus substantiae ejus adhaerebant quinque corpora satis magna ex substantia quadam Mucosa Nerveam materiam referente valde Concreta satis solida ita ut Complicationes Nervorum viderentur habere In Uteri vero capacitate inter dictam materiam humorem Crassissimum innatabat ut ita dicam quaedam substantia alba Nerveam materiam albam referens similis supra dictis quinque Corporibus In this case are recited many sad Symptoms of Convulsive motions of the Stomach and great Gripes of the Belly and fainting Fits attended with violent Vomitings the plain expresses of different parts disaffected proceding primarily from obstructions of the womb hindring the Flux of the Menstrua which tainted the mass of Blood and Nervous Liquor and spoiled the Ferments of the Stomach and Guts as mixed with sharp acide Recrements causing Convulsions and Vomitings in the Stomach and great pains of the Guts whereupon the Chyle being ill Concocted and gross could not be assimilated into Blood which passing through the Ventricles of the Heart was Concreted into a Polypus whence frequent Lypothymies did arise from the gross Blood ready to Stagnate in the chambers of the Heart and the Lungs grew Flaccide and ready to be Putrefied upon sharp Corroding humors and the Liver was despoiled of its native Array and put on a mourning deep Purple or Livide Colour caused by a vitiated mass of Blood upon the same account the Midriff grew discoloured and Coated with a Livide hue and last of all the Blood accompanied with gross Chyme had a recourse to the womb by the Hypogastrick and Spermatick Arteries which carried the unassimilated Chyme into the substance of the womb where the Menses being stopped the gross Serous and Chymous Liquor being Concreted did Tumefy the Uterus and parts adjacent whereupon divers Protuberancies did arise and the more thin parts of the Chymous and Crystalline liquors of the Blood being Secerned from it in the Uterine Glands did insinuate through the secret Ducts of the inward Coat into the Cavity of the womb where it being extravasated grew more thick and as it were Concreted and being much in quantity did highly distend the womb causing a Dropsy in it Many of the Antients had a fancy that the womb doth very much ascend above its natural Sphaere in Hysterick Fits or Suffocations of the womb The Womb doth not move upward in Hysterick Fits attended as they conceived with violent Convulsive Motions of which the Mesenterick Plexes the Pancreas Stomach Intestines are guilty and not the Uterus And I cannot gain so much upon my self as to believe the Uterus to climb up
Chyle contained in the Thoracick Ducts may be easily Impelled by Compression upward toward the Subclavian Vein and cannot be forced downward toward the common Receptacle unless the Valves be Lacerated by offering a great Violence unto them If any curious Person be desirous to see the Thoracick Ducts The way to discover the Thoracick Ducts which are hard to be discovered in Dissection by reason they are covered with a transparent Coat which easily escapeth our Eyes and especially when the Ducts are void of Chyle which is frequent many hours after the assumption of Aliment whereupon the Milky humor is discharged into the Subclavian Vein and then the Thoracick Vessels grow lank and not to be seen So that I humbly conceive the best way to find these Ducts lodged under the Pleura and great Artery is to cut up a Dog four hours after he hath been plentifully fed and then the Chyle is passing through the Thoracick Ducts rendring them big and obvious to our sight And I conceive they may be seen in well fed Men after they have been Executed upon a Dissection celebrated presently after they are dead And sometimes they may be seen in Persons dead of Diseases which have rendred Men thirsty and obnoxions to drink free Cups of various Liquors making a quantity of Chyle which being imparted to the Thoracick Ducts doth swell their Coats and present them to the Eye upon Dissection not long after death And now I conceive it worthy our Pains to consider how the motion of the Chyle and Lympha is accomplished in the Thoracick Ducts The Chyle being first generated in the Stomach The motion of the Chyle is thence transmitted into the Intestines and afterward received into Origens of the Lacteae by the Peristaltick motion of the Guts and the Contraction of the Abdominal Muscles squeezing the Chile into the Milky Vessels which import it through the Mesentery into the common Receptacle being lodged between the Processes of Diaphragm Compressed when the Midriff is moved and brought toward a Plain whereupon the Milky humor is Impelled farther and farther upward through the Thoracick Ducts till it landeth in the Subclavian Vein This ascent of the Chyle is much assisted by the Mechanism of the Ducts as furnished with Valves which give way to the ascent of the Chyle upward toward the Subclavian Vein and give a check to its retrograde motion toward the common Receptacle The ascent of the Chyle and Lympha may be proved by this Experiment in the Dissection of living Animals An Experiment proving the ascent of the Chyle through the Thoracick Ducts The motion of the Chyle is much assisted by the Lympha made good by putting a Ligature upon the Thoracick Ducts whereupon they grow big with Chyle below the Ligature between it and the common Receptacle The motion of the Chyle is very much helped by the motion of the Lympha derived partly from the Recrements of the Liquor destilling out of the Terminations of the Nerves and principally out of the extremities of the Arteries inserted into the Glands of the Liver Spleen and other parts of the lower Apartiment So that the Lympha is Impelled in the Lymphaeducts by the motion of the Intestines and Abdominal Muscles through the Mesentery into the common Receptacle where it meeteth with the Chyle and diluteth it and being in association with it doth assist its motion through the Thoracick Ducts as having a more constant and brisk ascent in greater proportion than that of the Chyle These Thoracick Chyliferous and Lymphatick Ducts are the only way by which the Chyle is transmitted into the Subclavian Vein The Blood is repaired by the access of Chyle upward whereupon the decays of the Blood are repaired by reason if the current of the Milky humor be intercepted the Animal becometh famished as Learned Dr. Lower my worthy Friend and Collegue hath experimentally demonstrated in his Treatise styled Transitus Transmutatio Chyli in sanguinem p. 206. Atque hac via sola unica est qua Chylus è Ventriculo Intestinis in ipsum sanguinem Cor infunditur Verum quia nonnulli in eodem cum veteribus errore etiamnum versantur venasque mesaraieas Chylum ex Intestinis excipere confidenter statuunt ipse ut de hac re certior fierem seriam aliquando impendi operam atque non uno experimento tandem mihi constitit totum Chyli penum nulla alia via quam per ductus Chyliferos in sanguinem infundi si enim cursus ejus per vasa Thoracica impediatur Animal qualicunque cibo satiatum intra paucos dies fame penitus interibit quod in duobus canibus diverso licet modo expertus sum Alterius enim Thorace dextri latoris intra duas costas inferiores aperto digitum immisi ungue velut in serram resecto commune receptaculum tribus horis à pastu valde turgidum perfregi laceravi ut Chylo in cavitatem Thoracis exitu dato transitus ejus in ductus Chyliferos penitus interciperetur quo facto consuto vulnere Animal hoc quantum capere voluit postea satiari Cum autem intra paucos dies exspiraret à me statim dissecaretur ventriculum Intestina valde repleta quia Venas Lacteas Chyli plenas inveni nihil autem ejus in toto ductu Thoracico apparuit verum in eo pectoris latere in quod commune Receptaculum disruptum est duae librae Chyli repertae sunt unde certo constare arbitror ob perpeditum Chyli per ductus Thoracicos transitum Animal hoc ventriculo licet cibis referto utcunque fame periisse This Learned Author doth farther Illustrate the motion of the Chyle blended with Lympha in the Thoracick Ducts by another Ingenious Experiment Another Experiment proving the motion of the Chyle by making an Apertion in the left side between the third and fourth upper Ribs in which region the Chyliferous Vessels do commonly meet in one Trunk which leaneth over against the Gulet upon one of the Muscles and passeth under the Pleura toward the Subclavian Vein So that a Finger being immitted through an Orifice of the wound did Lacerate the tender wall of the Duct whereupon the Chyle was Exonerated into the cavity of the Thorax and could by no means insinuate it self into the Subclavian Vein The wound being sowed up and the Dog though well fed for some days grew faint and died and afterward the Thorax being opened was found full of Chyle And to give a farther Demonstration of the progress of the Milky Juice through the proper Vessels of the Thorax an Injection was made below into the Thoracick Duct and the Liquor was found to discharge it self through the wounded Ducts and was wholly lodged in the cavity of the Thorax as not being capable to make its way into the Subclavian Vein And a wound being made in the left side of the Thorax between the third and fourth upper Ribs
thick Vapours free Cups of Wine and immoderate eating do dispose the Blood as rendring it gross and depauperated and fitted for Stagnation in the substance of the Pleura As to the Prognosticks of this Disease The Prognosticks of a Pleurisie the danger appeareth very much in the height of the Fever and the difficulty of Breathing And Hypocrates giveth his opinion in it by Spittle when it hath none or else unconcocted or discoloured and conceiveth a Pleurisie to be sooner determined if the Spittle be excerned in the beginning of the Disease 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Quinetiam per ea quae mox apparent eadem indicantur quale quid in morbo laterali laborantibus Sputum si statim circa initia subappareat morbum brevem si vero posterius videatur longum futurum denunciat And the Pleurisie is most dangerous when there is no excretion of Spittle and less dangerous when some thin Serous Liquor is ejected and more safe when the Spittle groweth thicker and concocted which if it happen about the third or fourth day the Disease will determine about the seventh Yellow Spittle being accompanied with much watry Recrements is not safe especially green or black Spittle seemeth to be fatal as shewing the humor to be of a depraved nature flowing from the great decay of the Vital heat A Flux of Blood by the Nostrils Haemorrhoides or Menstrua doth often presage a good termination of this Disease if the signs of Coction do appear in the Spittle as being thick and not too clammy and expectorated with ease attended with a freedom of breathing But if the Patient hath his body unequally affected in some parts hot in others cold outwardly afflicted with chilness and inwardly with a burning heat associated with great pain anxiety and a high Delirium they speak the approaches of Death This Disease presenteth us with three Indications in reference to its Cure The Indications of this Disease the first relateth to the Disease it self which is an Inflammation of the substance of the Pleura flowing from a quantity of Blood lodged in the Interstices of its Vessels whereupon a Vein is to be opened in the Arm and a free mission of Blood to be celebrated to empty the Vessels and to make good the circulation of the extravasated Blood in the Pleura which lessens the Inflammation and cannot be so well effected by often taking away a small proportion as by letting out a great quantity of Blood at once which hasteneth the motion of the Blood and not permitteth it to grow over lentous and Concreted by its long stay in the spaces of the Vessels which rendereth its motion very difficult or not at all feasible whereupon the Blood putrifieth if long Extravasated producing first an Abscess and afterward an Ulcer attended with an Empyema Whereupon it is requisite at the first time if the Pulse be great in a Plethorick body to take away a large proportion of Blood as most prevalent to obtain a conquest of the Disease So that Bleeding hath been advised in a Pleurisie with the general suffrages of the Grecian Bleeding is very proper in a Pleurisie Arabian Italian and French Physicians in the Hand or Arm of the opposite side to make the greater revulsion But Great Doctor Harvey and the Modern Physicians as better versed in Anatomy have discovered the circulation of Blood and have since found by experience that opening a Vein in the same side where the Pleurisie is seated to be far more beneficial to take off pain and the Inflammation by promoting the current of stagnated Blood in the part affected by solliciting the motion of the Blood out of the ascendent Trunk of the Aorta into the Subclavian Axillary and Brachial Arterial branches and by consequence freeth the affected side of the Pleura from a load of Blood And if the mission of Blood cannot be celebrated by reason of a languid Pulse though the pain of the Side and Fever be high in the Pleurisie it denoteth Cupping Glasses with Scarifying to be applied to the affected Side which hath often spoke great ease by drawing off Blood from the afflicted and inflamed part and by renewing the interrupted course of Blood This Disease doth no way admit strong Purgatives and Vomits often advised by Empyricks which highly exagitate the offensive Recrements of the Blood Strong Purgatives are not proper in a Pleurisie and render the Inflammation greater and weaken the Patient and strengthen the Disease by hurrying the Blood more impetuously into the parts affected and by lessening the strength of the sick Person whereby the Coction of the Morbifick Matter is hindred and Death hastened by the Ignorance and Impudence of unlearned Practisers in Physick who boast much and do little or nothing who aim to make themselves great by lessening others which rendereth them guilty of Injustice Arrogance and Uncharitableness Gentle Purgatives may be advised if the Fever be not high as also Julapes and Apozemes that allay the heat of the Blood mixed with gentle Diureticks and Sudorificks The second Indication relateth to the cause of the Pleurisie The second Incication in the Cure of a Pleurisie which proceedeth from a gross mass of Blood apt to stagnate and doth denote attenuating Medicines made of Apozemes prepared with Dogs Grass Wild Asparagus and mild Pectorals in case of a Cough and in a Peripneumonia which is often a companion of this Disease Testaceous Powders full of Volatil Salt as Crabs Claws Pearl the Mandible of a Pike the Bone of the Heart of a Stag as also Sal Prunellae Salt of Coral Urine and Volatil Salt of Harts Horn the Infusion of Horse Dung made in red Poppy Water and White Wine are very useful In reference to the sensible evacuation of the Matter of the disease by Spittle Thickning Medicines are good in a thin Destillation the Medicines admit great variation In case of thin Recrements which Nature endeavoureth to throw off by Expectoration but cannot well attain to it by reason the humors being of a thin consistence do elude the impulse of the thinner Air thickning Medicines are to be advised made of Jujubes Sebesten Gum of Tragananth Arabick Looeh de Psyllio de Pontulaca and a Pectoral Decoction made with the Flowers of Red Poppy Seeds of Melons Pumpions White Poppy Barley Jujubes Dates c. In a thick Matter Attenuating inciding and detergent Medicines are propâ—r in a gross viscide Ientous Matter which is gross lentous and viscid attenuating inciding and detergent Medicined may be prescribed as all kinds of Oxymels especially that of Squills are very proper and a Linctus made of Linseed Oyl or Oyl of sweet Almonds mixed with White Sugar Candy Apozemes made with Dogs Grass Wild Asparagus Hysope if the Fever be not high Maiden Hair Coltsfoot Scabious Liquorice Shavings of Ivory c. In a gross Matter which cannot be Expectorated without great difficulty an Infusion of Horse dung made with the Leaves
Fever stiled by the Author 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is when the unnatural heat of the Blood groweth more intense every Fit The Second step or time is commonly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 derived from a great quantity of inflamed oily Particles which though they most eminently appear in the Praecordia as parts confining on the Heart in which the Effervescence of the Blood is chiefly seated yet these hot oily Particles of the vital Liquor are also diffused thence through the whole mass to all parts of the Body The increase of this hot Disease continueth for three or four days or thereabouts more or less according to the greater or less degrees of acuteness of the Fever when the first glimmerings of the Concoction begin to dawn in a small secretion of the impure adust Particles from the purer Blood which at this time of the Fever is discovered in the Urine growing more clear toward the Surface as the grosser parts begin to precipitate toward the bottom of the Urinal The third step of a Continued Fever named by that Great Master of our Faculty 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the state of the Disease The 3d step of a Continued Fever is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the height of it wherein the Ebullition of the Blood in the Heart arriveth to the highest degree proceeding from a great confederacy of numerous Oyly Particles breaking forth as it were into a flame through all the apartiments of the Body and in the state of this Fever the two great Combatants Nature and the Disease do briskly enter the list making violent thrusts at each other upon the account of life and death whereupon they both highly endeavouring a conquest one of them loseth the day sitting down in a loss of victory while the other triumpheth in the pleasant success of Life happily changing the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Disease into a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the state into a declination The fourth step of a continued Fever called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The declination of the disease which is the fourth and last stage of this Fever succeeding the state wherein the Vital Spirits the more active and volatil parts of the Blood triumph as conquerors and the Febrile heat is receptive of an allay and the most eminent signs of Concoction appear as the Crisis of the disease is instituted by Nature whereupon the secretions of the recrements of the Blood are made whereof some are oily and others Volatil Saline embodying with the serous parts of the Blood being put into a Fluor which are conveyed from the greater Arterial Branches to the Extremities of the Capillaries terminating into the Skin which being very Porous receiveth the fierce Effluvia The first Crists of a continued Fever when the Matter of the Disease is evacuated by Sweat and ferous Recrements of the Blood freely besprinkling the ambient parts of the Body And this I humbly conceive is the best and most natural Crisis of a Fever when the Morbifick Matter is universally expelled through the habit of the Body But the Crisis I conceive is less perfect and beneficial The second Crisis of a continued Fever discharged by a Haemorrage of Blood through the Nostrils when more particular Evacuations of the peccant Matter are instituted by Nature as when the Pores of the Skin being shut up by ambient cold a Crisis is sometimes ordered by a Haemorrhage through the Nostrils when the inflamed oyly and the exalted saline Particles being in high commotion with the mass of Blood cannot be protruded by plentiful Sweats in a free transpiration are translated into distant parts from the Heart and being hurried by impetuous motions of the Blood through the internal Carotide Arteries into the Membranes and Cortex of the Brain are thence conveyed by the Internal Jugulars into the Nostrils Whence the danger of their Crisis is lest some part of the Morbifick Matter should be conveyed with the Blood into and so fixed in the substance of the Brain as to vitiate the Animal Liquor and thereby produce a Delirium Convulsive Motions as the Subsultus Tendinum and many other Cephalick distempers Again I conceive another Crisis may be made in a continued Fever by another particular Evacuation The third Crisis is made when the Matter of the Continued Fever is discharged by Urine when the gross Adust Particles are severed like a Caput Mortuum from the Blood after its Deflagration and are transmitted by the emulgent Arteries into the substance of the Glands relating to the Kidneys wherein a Secretion is made of the Morbifick Matter with the serous Particles from the more refined Blood and transmitted first through the Urinary Ducts into the Pelvis and thence by the Ureters as Aqueducts into the Cistern of the Bladder which appeareth in a reddish Urine when first made which a little while after groweth thick and turbid and is afterward precipitated So that the Adust Particles the more gross Contents having recourse to the bottom the substance of the Urine groweth clear and transparent CHAP. XXV Of Malignant Fevers THe third kind of Continued Fevers The nature of Malignant Fevers The Symptoms of Malignant Fevers commonly called Malignant differeth in substance from the rest and ariseth from the mass of Blood secretly envenomed with some noysome Miasmes whence immediately ensueth a suddain dejection of strength wherein the temper of the Blood being violently disordered its Compage is perverted and its Mixtion is in a great part dissolved as the Elements the integral parts of the Blood are in a manner separated one from another attended with horrid symptoms vid. Stupor Delirium Convulsive Motions the trembling of the Tendons and the like the same kind of accidents which accompany the drinking of Poyson or the biting of Vipers and other venemous Animals infecting the Blood with subtle venenate Atoms small in quantity but great in power destructive to the constituent principles relating to the mass of Blood which is discovered in the speedy perverting the Crasis of the Vital and Nervous Liquors whereupon the functions of Life Sense and Motion are ill celebrated So that the harmony of temper belonging to the Blood is disordered and the Oeconomy of Nature violated the dismal forerunners of death If a curious search be made for the better understanding of Malignant Fevers into the nature of Poysons what alterations they make in the consistence of the Blood they will be found very different by reason some Poysons making a fusion of the Blood do precipitate its serous parts others do produce Swellings by throwing the malignity of the Blood into the extreme parts and do impel the serous Recrements by the terminations of the Arteries inserted into the Cuticular Glands wherein a separation being instituted by Nature the serous parts do puff up the Cuticula and make Pustles which I saw in a Person of Honour a Patient of mine poysoned with Arsnick in whom the sulphureous and saline
enlarged by the accretions of new Fibres and Saline Particles of crude Blood Most ingenious Malpighius proveth this Hypothesis by a remarkable instance communicated to him by Learned Borellus Ait ille in hujus confirmationem licebit his exarare mirabilem Polypi structuram magnitudinem Florentiae in sene sexagesimum quartum annum agente inopinatò defuncto observatum à Doctissimo viro Jo. Alphonso Borello mihi humanissime Communicatam In Aorta prope Cor quae in tumorem excreverat ad mensuram duorum pugnorum Polypus consimilis magnitudinis repertus est absque appendicibus Caudis ejus autem moles membranosis tunicis ad invicem super impositis absque Continuitate consurgebat quae crassitie non superabant vulgarem chartam haedinam super his producebantur filamenta quaedam alba quae foliorum fibras seu vasa aemulabantur quae omnia ab albidiori trunco dependebant Tunicarum Polypum efformantium color cinereus erat cum rubicundis quibusdam maculis ita ut tota haec structura brassicam capitatam aemularetur Out of this History it may be clearly inferred that the production of a Polypus is made of many Filmes seated one above another whose Interstices being kept open by an interceding current of Blood do somewhat resemble the Leaves of Plants as the Membranes of the Polypus are composed of divers united Filaments not unlike the Fibres branched through the foliage of Trees Some do entertain themselves with an opinion that the Membranes of the Polypus hath divarications of Blood-Vessels which may seem somewhat probable by reason the small streams of Blood may be confined within the united Fibres as within so many Tubes or Vessels and after this manner Vessels may be formed in the Colliquaments of Seed in the Vterus of Animals and in false Conceptions and in the ascititious Glands and all other fleshy excrescences This Disease when it hath arrived a height A Polypus when it cometh to a hight is incurable is incurable as obstructing the greater Trunks of Blood-Vessels and the Ventricles of the Heart whereupon the current of Blood is intercepted the fore-runner of death so that a Polypus admitteth no curatory indication as the Disease is mortal and therefore it concerneth the Professors of Physick to be careful to prevent this fatal malady in a timely taking away the cause consisting in a gross mass of Blood made up of over-fibrous Particles productive of a Polypus whose preservatory indication denoteth in reference to the procatartick Cause a Serene Air Diet easy of Digestion and moderate exercise and in relation to the antecedent cause Antiscorbutick Diuretick and Chalybeat Medicines and chiefly Turnebridg Knawsborough and the German Spaw Waters which put the Blood into a kindly Fermentation in attenuating its grossness by a due precolation from bilious recrements in the Hepatick Glands and from fixed Salt a main cause of Concoction in a Polypus in the Glands of the Kidneys In the beginning of this Disease In the beginning to prevent a Polypus Purging and Bleeding is good Bleeding and Purging will speak a great advantage to the Patient by taking away the gross Faeculencies of the Blood and by promoting its circulation through the greater and less Tubes of Blood-Vessels and through the more enlarged Cisterns of the Heart in which the Disease is principally seated CHAP. XXVIII Of the Hearts of great Animals THe Heart of other more perfect Animals have much conformity with that of Man in relation to Situation Connexion Figure The Heart of great Animals are much akin to that of Man and Substance The Hearts of greater and less Beasts The situation of the Hearts of other Animals are conceived to be lodged about the middle of the Thorax which must be meant of their Bases and not of their Cones as somewhat inclining toward the Left Side and the Hearts of Brutes have their Situation much nearer the middle of the Breast then that of Mans. The Hearts of other Animals as well as Mans The Connection of the Hearts of Animals The Figure of their Hearts are Connected to the Back by the Trunks of the Vena Cava and Arteria Magna The Hearts of more perfect Animals are endued with a round pyramidal Figure and Cetaceous Fish with a flattish pyramidal shape And these of most Animals have a Compage encircled with a thin Membrane and made up of variety of Vessels and many ranks of fleshy Fibres interspersed with tendinous and nervous Fibrils conjoyned to each other by the interposition of strong ligaments and carnous Branches that they may not be divided but assist each other in joynt Contractions in the Systole of the Heart Learned Thomas Bartholine giveth an account The contexture of Nerve about the Cone of the Heart belonging to a Hog that he discovered in a Hog an elegant contexture of Nerves about the Cone of the Left Ventricle corroborating the fleshy walls of the Heart and further discerned many perforations about the bigness of a Brisle which passed quite through the Septum of the Heart from the Right to the Left Ventricle where he found a Membrane covering the holes to intercept the regress of any Liquor from the Left to the Right Chamber of the Heart The Heart of a Pig being opened The Left Ventricle of a Pig the Left Ventricle may be discovered to be adorned with various ranks of carnous Fibres enwrapping each other as also the mitral Valves †T. 15. F. a a. encircling the Orifice of the pulmonary Veine The carnous Columns †b b b. of this Ventricle are more small and numerous then those of greater Animals and have many Ligaments †d d d. arising out of the tops of these Columns implanted into the mitral Valves These Columns have many Ligaments †c c c. seated near their small Extremities fastning them to each other The Heart of a Lion is bigger then that of other Animals †e e e. according to the proportion of his Body The Heart of a Lion And hath a very hard and firm Compage as Learned Borichius affirmeth endued with a thick wall in the Right Ventricle and may be observed in a Dissected Lion the Septum to be extended the whole length of the Heart and not to exceed Paper in thickness and both Ventricles to be stuffed with a glutinous Polypose Matter and one Valve only to be set before the beginning of the Aorta The Heart of a Land Tortoise resembleth Fish in its Figure The Heart of a Tortoise as tricuspidal and also in one Ventricle and Auricle which is very eminent in this Animal and being blown up is threefold as big as the body of the Heart and is hued with a Blackish colour and the Heart with Red. A Camels Heart is wonderful The Heart of a Camel in reference to its dimensions as being Nineteen transverse Fingers in length and Seven in breadth and is adored with a very acute Cone
membranous Compage of the Bronchia and Sinus and floweth into their Concave Surface making a kind of lake in them Another Discrasy productive of Spitting of Blood Another Dycrasy of Blood is its grossness producing this disaffection is when it is associated with gross chymous parts apt to coagulate so that it cannot be entertained out of the substance of the Lungs into the small extremities of the pulmonary Veins whereupon it passeth more readily through the relaxed Pores of the loose Compage of the Sinus and Tubes of Air into their more ample Cavities which being sensible by reason of many nervous and carnous Fibres are aggrieved by the load of Blood which they throw up by their frequent Contractions into the Cavity of the Mouth And Spitting of Blood doth not only proceed from its ill affection The indisposition of the Bronchia and Vesicles cause Spitting of Blood but from the indisposition of the Bronchia and Vesicles as having a loose Compage so that a quantity of Blood being lodged in the substance of the receptacles of Air is squeezed through the enlarged Ducts by the vigorous contractions of the fleshy Fibres in a great fit of Coughing or the Blood is transmitted into the spaces of Air-vesicles in a laceration of the Vessels in violent motion of the Lungs in loud Talking or straining of the voice in Hollowing or in the extravagant motion of the Body heating and attenuating the Blood or by hastening its circuite into the vessels of the Lungs made by the strong motion of the Muscles in running riding leaping and the like The Aspera Arteria is shaded with many Divarications sprouting out of the Bronchial Artery and the Membranous Sinus are beset with many branches springing from the pulmonary Trunk whereupon the Blood flowing into the Cells and the adjacent Bronchia is derived from the extremities of the pulmonary Arteries Spitting of Blood doth not always proceed from the Lungs but may also proceed from the Wind-pipe but the vital Liquor protruded through the pores of the Wind-pipe into its Cavity cometh from the terminations of the Bronchial Artery and also in a small quantity from the Ducts of the numerous Glands closely confining on the Aspera Arteria and its branches in this case a little Blood mixed with Spittle is thrown out of the top or somewhat lower out of the Aspera Arteria without any Cough which is effected two or three times in a day by the gentle Contractions of the fleshy Fibres belonging to the Wind-pipe this Blood doth not come out of the body of the Lungs by reason it hath no mixture of Air as not being highly florid or frothy This disaffection is not dangerous though it continue for some Months because it doth not threaten a Consumption as not derived from the pulmonary Vessels As to the places into which the Blood interspersed with Spittle is discharged sometimes it is transmitted into the bosome of the Larynx Blood is carried sometimes into the Laryux and sometimes lower into the Aspera Arteria Blood is transmitted in a greater quantity into the Bronchia and Vesicles and other times lower into the Aspera Arteria which distilleth in a small proportion out of the terminations of the capillary Bronchial Arteries But the Blood is transmitted in a greater proportion out of the extremities of the pulmonary Artery into the Bronchia and its appendant Vesicles often productive of an Abscess and Ulcer of the Lungs which sometimes disburdens a source of purulent Matter into the capacity of the Thorax and this Disease by the Antients and Moderns is called Empyema which is a collection of Pus and Sanious Matter in the cavity of the Breast which falling upon the Midriff hinders its free motion and causeth a difficulty of Breathing Having treated of the terminations of the Bronchial and pulmonary Arteries as so many ways or Channels by which the Blood distilleth and of the upper middle and lower parts of the Trunk of the Aspera Arteria as so many places receptive of the vital Liquor unnaturally flowing out of the Extremities of different capillary Arteries I will now very briefly give you an account after what manner the extravasated Blood is discharged out of the several places of the Lungs and its appendages because the Blood ouseth out of the Bronchial capillary Branches into the Larynx where after it hath made some small tickling in the Throat it is insensibly thrown into the Mouth The Blood coming out of the bronchial Arteries is done without a Cough without any discomposure of a Cough or hawking which is accomplished by the gentle Contraction of the fleshy Fibres besetting the head of the Wind-pipe But if the Blood flow out of a greater vessel seated about the middle of the Lungs it is conveyed into the Bronchia in a larger proportion wherein it giveth a greater disturbance then in the top of the Wind-pipe and growing alway frothy in the Tubes and Vesicles of the Lungs is protruded upward in a stream with a great Cough and force of expired Breath And if the Blood distil out the smaller Extremities of the Arteries The Blood discharged into the Bronchia and Vesicles is thrown up by repeated Coughs encircling the membranous Sinus it is expelled in a smaller proportion by deep repeated Coughs Having done with the nature and continent cause of Spitting of Blood it may not be impertinent to speak somewhat of its Procatarctick and evident causes the First is often produced by an ill Conformation of the Breast and Lungs as the one having a great straightness and the other a great loosness of its Compage which is hereditary and this ill disposition of the Lungs may proceed from the preceding diseases of an Inflammation Pleurisy a great Cough and Empyema which leave the Aspera Arteria and its Bronchia and Sinus very weak laxe and subject to defluxions of Blood into the spaces of the Air-vessels rendring them very obnoxious to Coughs and Spitting of Blood especially if it be accompanied with Serous Acide Recrements and gross pituitous Blood apt to be stagnant and troublesome to the substance of the Vessels thereby causing it to be discharged into their Concave Surfaces As to the Prognosticks attending this Disease The Prognosticks of Spitting of Blood the common people are very sensible of the danger striking a terror into them as it were a messenger of death but it hath less of danger when the blood distilleth out of the terminations of capillary Arteries into the cavity of the Sinus and Bronchia and is more fatal when it is derived from a greater branch lacerated or wounded letting out a Rivulet of Blood into the empty spaces of Air-vessels And the danger is eminent in an ill habit of Body in which the Blood being despoiled of its Balsamick quality doth not well contribute to the cure of a solved unity of the Bronchia and Sinus so that when Nature as the Foundation is deficient
Art as the superstructure cannot take place especially by reason the Lungs being in perpetual motion as the subject of Respiration cannot obtain the liberty of a Repose which is a requisite condition of a cure in this diseased part And above all the structure of the Lungs is very disadvantageous to a Cure when they are disaffected as they are fine Textures made up of innumerable Vessels rarely interwoven which having lost their unity are hardly conjoyned as being perpetually acted with alternate repeated motions of Diastole and Systole and if the terminations of the vessels do coalesce in a repaired union the circulation of the Blood is very much intercepted which causeth a stagnancy and putrefaction of the Blood whence ensue Inflammations Abscesses Ulcers Consumptions c. The Indications of this Disease are principally Two The First Indication in Spirting of Blood The First to stop the Fluxe of Blood and the Second is to shut up the wounded or relaxed Vessels The First Indication is satisfied with Bleeding in the Arm The Second Indication of Spitting of Blood which is very beneficial as being near the Breast by lessening the Blood derived from the Jugulars through the subclavian and axillary Branches into the Veins of the Arm whereupon the stream of Blood is diverted from the Right Ventricle of the Heart and Lungs In the spitting of Blood coming from the obstructed Menstrua The Saphaena is proper to to be opened in the suppressed Menstrua the Saphaena may be properly opened as drawing the course of Blood by the Spermatick and Hypogastrick Arteries into the Uterus to divert the exuberant course of Blood from the Lungs by discharging it by a Vein of the Foot and to sollicite Nature to make good the wonted current of the Menstrua And not only Bleeding is requisite in this case Cooling thickning Medicines are good in Spitting of Blood but also cooling incrassating Medicines that contemporate the immoderate Effervescence of the Blood and check its over-hasty streams into the weakened Compage or lacerated Vessels of the Lungs and to this end Juleps Decoctions and Emulsions may be given As to the wounded Astringent and Consolidating Medicines are proper in broken Blood-vessels An instance of the Spitting of Blood in this case or loose Compage of the Lungs wherein the Blood-vessels are broken or their Extremities are too much opened astringent and consolidating Medicines may be advised A Gentlewoman being overturned in a Coach by a careless Coachman was wounded in her Breast upon her fall against a short Post placed at the entrance of a door whereupon the vessels of the Lungs were so contused and lacerated that she threw up immediately Three Pints or Two Quarts of florid frothy Blood out of her Lungs In order to a Cure Bleeding good in the lathe lacerated Vessels of the Lungs I first advised a Vein to be opened in the Arm to divert the course of Blood and after I prescribed vulnerary Decoctions consisting of astringent incrassating and cooling Medicines As also Water boiled with Emplastick Astringent Medicines to which Milk was added and boiled with double resâ—ned Sugar which she took for her ordinary Drink I advised also distilled Milk made up of Vulneraries Distilled Milk made of Vulneraries may be given with new Milk to be mixed with now Milk to contemperate her hot and repair her lost mass of Blood And to that end I ordered Decoctions of China Sarza-parilla and vulneraty Astringents and at last consolidating Medicines which perfected the Cure and restored her to a good degree of Health CHAP. LIX Of an Asthma AN Asthma is a high Disease full of Trouble and Terror as it often threatens death by a speedy Suffocation which to prevent the Organs of Respiration do move in a most disorderly manner and the Thorax is very much dilated to receive free draughts of Air into the Bronchia and Sinus of the Lungs So that an Asthma may admit this description The description of an Asthma as being a difficult and quick breathing attended with violent agitations of the Breast performed most of all without a Fever Respiration is very necessary for the preservation of Life as making good the circulation of Blood through the Lungs in whose inward Recesses the Blood is impregnated with the Spiritous Nitrous and Elastick Particles of Air which open the Compage of the Blood and render it fit for Interstine Motion and assimilation of Chyme into the nature of vital Liquor by comminution This curious Machine of Air is made up of variety of Blood and Air-vessels Nerves Lympheducts which some way or other are subservient to Respiration or the Depuration of the Blood and Nervous Liquor which are much enobled by the reception of Air into the greater and less Cylinders and Cells of the Lungs Whereupon if the repeated acts of Inspiration and Expiration be disturbed and have not their regular course the Oeconomy of Nature is very much perverted as the motion of Blood in which the flame of Life is conserved is discomposed The great errors in Respiration seem to consist chiefly in Two things The errors of Respiration First That the Blood is not regularly injected out of the Right Cystern of the Heart into the pulmonary Artery and Vein or the Air is not freely received into the Bronchia and Sinus of the Lungs The defect of motion of Blood in the Lungs which maketh a deficult Respiration is derived sometimes from the depravation of the Blood The cause of a difficult Breathing as mixed with crude Chyme or other gross Recrements which render the Blood apt to stagnate so that the Lungs are forced to double and treble the acts of Respiration The Air quickneth the motion of Blood to attenuate and refine the vital Liquor by the reception of a large proportion of Air to quicken the slow motion of the Blood when it is depauperated as made of watry or gross Sulphur and fixed saline Particles when the more volatil are exhausted And other times the Compage of the Blood groweth Laxe as burdened with too great a Source of serous Recrements Gross Recrements mixed with the Blood cause frequent acts of Respiration as in Dropsies wherein the saline watry parts of the Blood are not discharged by the secretion of the Renal Glands through the Urinary Ducts Pelvis and Ureters into the Bladder or when the serous parts of the vital Liquor are not in some degree transmitted by the capillary Arteries into the Glands of the Skin and thence discharged by their excretory Ducts whereby the Blood groweth clogged with an exuberance of watry Faeces which having recourse to the Lungs do give them the trouble of frequent repeated Acts of Respiration Another kind of Convulsive Asthma may be caused by a depraved nervous Liquor infesting the nervous Fibrils of the Lungs A Convulsive Asthma may be derived from an il nervous Juyce which being often contracted and relaxed do hurry the Lungs
afterward transmitted by the lateral Sinus down to the Base of the Brain where I discerned a great inundation of Blood so incrassated by the Opium that the extremities of the Jugulars were not receptive of it So that upon the whole it is most evident that this poor Love-sick Gentlewoman was her own executioner in the immoderate Dose of Opium Opium rendred the Blood stagnated in the substance of the Cortex which caused a quantity of Blood to stagnate in the Cortex in which it compressed the roots of the Fibrils denying the access of nervous Liquor into them and so fixed the Animal Spirits that they were rendred useless as being uncapable to invigorate the fibrous parts of the Brain and Body An Apoplexy also may proceed not from concreted serous Liquor only An Apoplexy may proceed from coagulated Blood upon a Blast by Thunder but from Blood too coagulated in blasted persons upon Thunder or the like in the Cortex and Medullary part of the Brain which hindreth the generation of nervous Liquor in the Cortex and distribution of it through the Fibrils of the Brain This Disease also may be derived from the prohibited circulation of Blood An Apoplexy may also be derived from the motion of Blood intercepted in the Ventricles of the Heart in a Syncope This disaffection may proceed from the Convulsive motions of the Cardiack Nerves And a Narcosis of the Animal Spirits may come from malignant steams of the Air. caused by a suppressed motion of the Heart in a Syncope or Hysterick passion whereupon the Blood cannot be impelled out of the Heart into the common and ascendent Trunk of the Aorta and carotide Arteries into the Cortex of the Brain in order to the production of Animal Liquor and Spirits This disaffection of the Heart and Brain as being destitute of a due proportion of Blood is often produced by the convulsive motions of the Cardiack Nerves and a suddain Narcosis of the Animal Spirits not only disaffected in the Processes of the Brain but Cerebellum too which take their rise from some malignant steams flowing from the ill influxes of the Stars poisoning the Air which is received by the Nostrils and conveyd by secret Pores into the Medullary Processes and cineritious part of the Brain wherein the Animal Liquor and Spirits are often vitiated and dispirited and the functions of the Brain wholly abolished as in an Apoplexy If it be inquired what is the nature of the matter of this Disease it may be replied it is of an abstruse disposition hard to be understood and is not The nature of Sleepy Diseases consist in Spirituous Saline Matter as in Convulsive diseases of a nitrous sulphureous temper but of a Spirituous-saline in which the Animal Spirits are fixed as losing their agile spirituous elastick Particles whence are propagated the Sleepy diseases of an Apoplexy Coma Carus c. The differences of an Apoplexy in short may be these The one is habitual which proceedeth from a gross Cachochymical Blood caused by an ill concoction of the Stomach and Intestines transmitted to the Brain or by an ill constitution of the nervous Liquor The Second kind of Apoplexy An Apoplexy is seated sometime in the Brain and other times in the Cerebellum is immediately derived from a more strong cause productive of it without procatarctick causes This Disease is seated in the Brain sometimes and other times in the Cerebellum frequent vertiginous Dispositions do denote it to be in the Brain and an intermittent Pulse Syncope and fainting Fits shew the Disease to be in the Cerebellum as Dr. Willis hath observed in the Eighth Chapter de Apoplexia Pag. 271. Cerebrum huic morbo magis obnoxium denotant praeviae frequentes scolomiae vertiginis affectus Cerebellum male affectum arguunt creber incubus The difference of an Apoplexy according to several degrees The greatest difficulty of breathing is a great sign of a most high Apoplexy pulsus intermittens Syncope Lipothymia frequens This Disease admitteth another difference according to its diverse degrees as it is more or less strong which is discovered by the disaffection of the intellectual or sensitive operations of the Brain or of all of them and the greatness of their malady is shewn very much in the eminent difficulty of Breathing and a general abolition of all animal Functions As to the Prognosticks of this fatal Disease it is always attended with eminent danger and very commonly with Death which is accompanied with an universal taking away the functions of The symptome of an Apoplexy attendant of Death and with an ill intermittent Pulse a froth of the Mouth and cold colliquative Sweat the fore-runner of Death And Blasted persons are frequently exposed to a deadly Fit of an Apoplexy appearing in a total privation of Pulse and Breathing associated with cold Sweats the doleful Heralds of approaching Death A sleepy Disaffection called by the Latines Carus is near akin to an Apoplexy differing from it only in a less degree and often degenerates into it as having the Animal faculties less violated in reference to the inward and ou ward Senses as it is a deep Sleep with a privation or imminution at least of the intellectual and sensitive Functions accompanied with a free Respiration which is always deficient in an Apoplexy In a Carus the Sleep is less deep A Carus is a lower Sleepy Disease then an Apoplexy from which the Patient may be awaked by a loud voice or by pulling or pinching him whereupon he will open his Eyes and will have only a very confused apprehension of any thing said to him which is wholly taken away in an Apoplexy The seat of this Disease is conceived to be not only in the Cortex but in the ambient part of the Corpus callosum too in which the Animal Liquor and Spirits are very much confined as not having a free motion into the more inward Recesses of the Corpus callosum and other Processes of the Brain The continent cause of a Carus is the same in substance The Continent cause of a Carus but different in degree from that of a Coma and Apoplexy it being lower then the first and higher then the later disease and the stupifying Maladâ—es have different denominations as the Morbifick Matter groweth more or less strong and successively arise out of each other as the later is an increase of the former Sometimes the Matter of the Disease is at once so highly exalted that without degrees Gross Humors do intercept the motion of the Blood caused sometimes by obstruction and other times by compression made by the tumor of the adjacent parts The Prognosticks of a Carus it is the cause of a Carus or Apoplexy so that gross Humors do vitiate the Nervous Liquor and Animal Spirits and intercept their motion sometimes by Compression by the tumor of the adjacent parts as well as by the obstruction of the Origen of the
incolis in consensum trahi ab iisque ad explosiones pariter inordinatas excitari licet aliquando tota spirituum tum in cerebro tum in nervoso genere consitorum serie instar longiores pulveris pyrii tractus ad explosiones praedisposita spasmus exterius à longinquo forsan in membro quodam aut viscere incipiens posterius in cerebrum traducatur And according to the opinion of this most Renowned Physician the highly Fermentative Elastick Particles of the ill Animal Juice and Spirits Nerves are the subject of the Falling-sickness do violently irritate and agitate the tender and most fine Compage of the Nerves as made up of numerous Fibrils endued with most acute Sensation the seat of Epileptick Paroxysms And before we make any farther steps into the Causes we will give some account of the Symptoms as so many Diagnosticks leading us into the knowledge of it And first of the Froth coming out of the Mouth Froth about the Lips is a symptom of the Falling-sickness conceived to be a Pathognomical sign of an Epilepsy but in truth is an attendant of an Apoplexy Carus and of Hysterick and sometimes of other Convulsive motions Some are of an opinion the Froth is a Recrement descending from the Brain to the Mouth which is somewhat improbable by reason there are no passages coming from the Brain into the Mouth by which the Froth may be transmitted whereupon I apprehend it more reasonable that the Froth being a Liquor attenuated and puffed up as being a system of many Vesicles of Air clothed with a thin Liquor Froth doth not come from the Head but Lungs transmitted from the Lungs into the Aspera Arteria by the violent agitations of the Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm compressing the Lungs and ejecting this Froth first into the Wind-pipe and afterward into the Mouth Another more dreadful Symptom is the beating of the Breast with strong blows The beating of the Breast is another symptom of an Epilepsy which I conceive is occasioned by a great oppression of the Lungs with stagnant Blood by reason of their undue Motion produced by the strong Convulsions of the Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm whence ariseth a great difficulty of breathing which to alleviate Dr. Willis saith by a meer instinct of Nature Epileptick Persons beat their Breast that the Praecordia by Appulses might make good their motions that the Blood might be relieved from Stagnation and the Heart from a great oppression Tunc fit ut laborante cerebro licet inscio mero naturae instinctu thoracem percutiant nimirum ut praecordia ita percussa velut exagitata motus suos redintegrent adeoque sanguis à stagnatione Cor à gravi oppressione vindicentur Another Symptom of this Disease which is very great is a suddain fall upon the Ground with great force A suddain fall upon the Ground is a symptom of the Falling-sickness often bruising and wounding the Trunk and Limbs as if they are possessed with some ill Spirit which proceedeth from the suddain and violent Convulsive motions of the Origens of the Nerves seated in the Brain whereupon the Muscles of the Limbs are drawn into consent by their highly disaffected Nerves productive of violent Muscular Agitations So that the Convulsed Muscles of the Trunk Legs and Thighs are not able to keep up the Body in an erect posture The continent cause of this Horrid Disease as attended with dismal accidents is seated in the Brain The continent cause of an Epilepsy and often produced by the hetorogeneous fermentative Particles of Nitro-sulphureous Elements disaffecting the serous parts of the Blood the Materia substrata of Animal Liquor and Spirits This Horrid Disease often proceeds from a clear serous Liquor The Falling-sickness proceeds from saline Particles of Meat and Drink impregnated with saline Particles somewhat akin to Aqua Fortis imbibed with the Liquors and Meat we eat and drink as they are infected with Mineral Elements which taint the Aliment with which Cattel are sustained The Nervous Liquor is sometimes vitiated with sharp and corrosive Humors resembling Vitriol so that the Blood and Nervous Liquor are vitiated with ill Humors which have much of the propriety of Vitriol as having sharp malignant acid astringent and corrosive qualities which being imparted to the Vital and Nervous Liquor do highly discompose the tender fibrous Compage of the Brain and Nerves arising out of it and dispensed to all the Muscular parts of the Body whereupon not only the Brain but the Limbs and Trunk are tortured with violent Convulsive motions the doleful attendants of an Epilepsy A young Man being seised with a violent Epileptick Fit The instance of a Patient dying of an Epilepsy flowing from sharp Serous Liquor accompanied with strong Concussions of the Muscular parts and a Froth about the Mouth was so much overpowred with it that it spake a period to his life And afterward his Brain being opened was found turgid with a quantity of clear serous Liquor in which the nervous Fibrils did seem to swim whereupon they being highly disaffected with the sharp and acid qualities of the ill watry Liquor were acted with Convulsive agitations the forerunners of Death An Epilepsy may also take its rise from a Caries of the Skull An Epilepsy proceeding from a Caries of the Brain infecting the Albuminous Liquor of the Vital Liquor with a corrupt quality in its passage through the lateral Sinus adjoyning to the Skull whereupon the Succus Nervosus being vitiated highly disordereth the fibrous Compage of the Brain productive of Convulsive motions the sad retinue of the Falling-sickness A young Man was highly tortured with a pain in his Head An instance of an Epileptick Patient dying of a◠carious Skull and violent Epileptick Fits which at last cut off the thread of his Life and afterward his Skull being taken off and inspected was found to be very much Carious in the inside which was the cause of his Disease and death by reason his Brain being opened appeared free from all ill Humors which might produce the cause of the Falling-sickness Sometimes this Disease may borrow its origination from a putrid Humor An Epilepsy coming from a putrid Humor corrupting the Nervous Liquor infesting the Coats of the Brain and corrupting the nervous Liquor which is made out of the mild parts of the Blood in the Cortical Glands and afterward received into the Extremities of the nervous Fibrils So that they being much disordered do draw the Nerves into consent and produce Convulsive motions the sad companions of an Epilepsy A Learned Man being highly afflicted with pain about the Synciput An instance of a Falling-sickness or top of his Head was afterward surprized with violent agitations of the Limbs and Froth about the Lips the concomitants of an Epilepsy and forerunners of Death This Malady may also be generated by an abscess of the Brain An
Epilepsy produced by an abscess of the Brain corrupting its substance and the Animal Liquor which being transmitted to the Fibrous Compage of the Brain and afterward to the Nerves branched through the parts of the Body makes unnatural motions the common Heralds of death A Youth labouring of a Fever and Convulsive motions An example of an Epileptick Person dying of an Apostemated Brain which determined his days and afterward his Brain being opened the Dura Menynx was discovered to have its Vessels turgid with black extravasated and concreted Blood and the neighboring parts of the Brain apostemated Sometimes a Falling-sickness may arise from a Polypus caused by a concreted Liquor lodged in the confines of the Brain A Falling-sickness comeing from a Polypus in the Brain flowing from the saline Particles of the Serous Liquor of the Blood highly annoying the tender Nerves of the Brain Of this case Learned Blasius giveth an Instance Observ Med. 2. Part 6. Ait ille in sinu Menyngis durae longitudinali subjecti muliebris publice in Theatro Amstelodamensi dissecti materia continebatur alba tenacissima quae sinum replebat ad omnes sinus rivulus diffundebatur Epilepsin laboraverat Mulier jam ab aliquo tempore qua etiam extincta An Epilepsy may also be derived from a wound of the Brain A Falling-sickness coming from a wound of the Brain cutting the Blood-Vessels whence ensueth a great effusion of Blood into the substance of the Brain producing a Falling-sickness A Student was wounded in the top of the Head An Instance of a Patient dying of a Falling-sickness upon a wound of the Brain An Epilepsy caused by a fleshy Tumor lodged in a Ventricle of the Brain penetrating through both Tables of the Skull into the body of the Brain whereupon afterward he was afflicted with the Falling-sickness which proved fatal to him And his Skull being taken off his Brain was discerned to be black and gangreened A Falling-sickness may be also produced by some fleshy tumor lodged in a Ventricle of the Brain compressing the Fibrils of the Brain whence ensue great agitations to make good the current of Liquor and Animal Spirits passing between the Filaments of Nerves Of this case Learned Rhodius giveth an account Centur. 1. Observ LV. An example of the Falling-sickness Ait ille Nullo ingenio huic malo admodum gravi quandoque medelam reperiri miretur nemo qui communis mali causas ut plurimum inexpugnabiles consideraverit quidam singulari Ich. Praevotii fama excitatus recuperandae valetudinis spe Pataviam venerat Nullo effectu ad suos reversus quum paulo post fato cessisset in cerebri Ventriculo tumor Carnosus fuit inventus qui cerebro compresso inanem huic Morbo Medicinam docuit So that any compression of the Fibrils of the Brain proceeding from a Swelling or from concreted Blood lodged upon the Surface of Brain may produce a Falling-sickness accompanied with Convulsive motions whereby Nature endeavoureth to relieve her self by violent agitations of the Nerves A Child of mine being roughly treated by an imprudent Midwife An example of an Epilepsy proceeding from a Fracture of both Tables of the Skull was pulled into the World by the Head without Throwes whereupon a great Fracture of both Tables of the Skull did arise and a large source of Blood fell down by the laceration of Blood-vessels upon the Dura Menynx compressing the Origens of the Nervous Fibrils seated in the Cortex so that the Brain being aggrieved by a quantity of concreted Blood did attempt to discharge its load by Epileptick Fits attended with Convulsive motions the mournful prologue of Death A Falling-sickness may proceed not only primarily per idiopathiam An Epilepsy per sympathiam coming from a Gangreen of the Lungs from the disaffections of the Brain but per sympathiam too by consent originally flowing from the Maladies of other parts And sometimes from a Gangreen of the Lungs following an inflammation whence some part of the putrefied Blood being communicated by the Carotide Artery to the Cortex of the Brain did highly discompose the Nervous Fibrils and put them upon violent agitations productive of Epileptick Fits A young Man having drunk a great quantity of cold Water and lying long upon the Ground fell into a high Fever and Delirium accompanied with a great pain of his Head and Epileptick concussions of his Body and Limbs which concluded in death And afterward his Thorax being opened the right Lobe of his Lungs were found black and gangreened oppressed with a large quantity of gross concreted Blood A Falling-sickness may be sometimes derived from the Ulcer of the Pancreas A Falling-sickness coming from an Ulcer of the Pancreas tainting the Blood which being transmitted by proper Vessels to the Cortical Glands of the Brain infecteth the Nervous Liquor whereupon it being received into the Origens of the Fibrils putteth them upon irregular motions causing an Epilepsy An example of this may be given in an Hysterick Woman An Instance of an Epilepsy flowing from an Ulcered Pancreas who laboured with violent Convulsive motions the retinue of the Falling-sickness ending in a fatal storm And afterward her Body being opened the Viscera were found very free from any Disease except the Pancreas which was highly Ulcered and the cause of her Death An Epilepsy may be also derived from the Diseases of the Stomach and Intestines An Epilepsy proceeding from the Diseases of the Stomach and Guts labouring of a great Flatus giving a high discomposure which is very familiar to Children often troubled with Gripes proceeding from viscid Humors mixed with yellow or green Choler causing violent Convulsive motions in the Intestines and Stomach which are fine Contextures of Nerves which being first aggrieved by flatulent acrimonious Recrements do afterward draw the Nervous Fibrils of the Brain into consent and produce strong and fatal Epileptick Fits which I have often seen in Children tortured with these severe disaffections and after Death the Abdomen being opened I have discerned the Stomach and Guts to be highly tumefied and full of yellow and green Choler associated with a clammy Matter Children and Persons of riper years are often troubled with Worms An Epilepsy coming from Worms which highly afflict the Stomach and Guts with Convulsive motions which are afterward imparted to the Brain wherein the Origens of the Nerves are seated which very much sympathize with those of the Guts and Stomach in their afflictive Diseases An Epilepsy may be also generated by a hard gangreened Spleen A Falling-sickness is taking its rise from an Ul ered Spleen coming from too great a quantity of first inflamed and afterward extravasated concreted Blood some part of which being transmitted to the Cortex of the Brain vitiateth the Animal Liquor and Spirits making great agitations in the fibrous Compage of the Brain and afterward in the other Nerves of the Limbs and Body Of this case