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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A96532	The doctrine of the covenant of redemption Wherein is laid the foundation of all our hopes and happiness. Briefly opened and improved. By Samuel Willard, teacher of a church in Boston. [Three lines from Psalms]	Willard, Samuel, 1640-1707.; Mather, Increase, 1639-1723.	1693 (1693)	Wing W2274A; ESTC W38208	68,045	178

THE Doctrine OF THE COVENANT OF REDEMPTION Wherein is laid the Foundation of all our HOPES and HAPPINESS Briefly Opened and Improved By Samuel Willard Teacher of a Church in BOSTON Psal 89. 3. I have made a Covenant with my Chosen I have Sworn to David my Servant Boston Printed by Benj. Harris over-again●●●e 5word●-House 1●92 To the Reader THE Great and Glorious God who has an absolute Dominion over his Creatures might had he pleased have dealt with Men in a way of Soveraignty only requiring Duty and Obedience from them without any promise of reward But he has seen Good to transact with them in a Covenant way There are but Two Covenants essentially differeing which the Most High has made with men Viz. That of Works And that of Grace The first Covenant which man whilst in Paradise was concerned in is rightly termed a Covenant of Works because Works or Doing was the Condition of it Thi● was soon broken and so made Null 〈◊〉 then the Lord out of his Infinite Goodness was pleased to establish another Covenant The first was made with a Righteous P●●son and so a Covenant of Wor●● between the Holy God and him This latter was made with sinners and is therefore a Covenant of Reconciliation And it is sitly stiled the Covenant of Grace Not but that there was Grace in the First Covenant for His Divine Majesty did infinitely condescend in binding himself to his Creature but to do thus to a fallen forlorn sinful Creature is by way of Eminent Grace The Scripture speaketh expresly of Two Covenants Gal 4. 24. And that not only as Diverse but as Opposite and differeing in their Natures The Law of Faith is set in direct opposition to the Law of Works Rom. 3. 27. For a man to find the Life of his hands to live by his own Righteousness and for him to depend solely upon the Righteousness of another that is of Jesus Christ for Life and Salvation are contrary things And from thence it is impossible for a man to be under both the Covenants at the same time he cannot be the Child of two Mothers the Child of Hagar and of Sarah too That the Covenant of Grace has for the substance of it been the same in all Ages differing only in Circumstances as to the manner of dispensations is denied by the Old Pelagians and by Socinians Arminians and some Baptists at this day But the Scripture assureth us That Believers under the Old-Testament were not made perfect without us Heb. 11. 40. They we are saved by the same Christ by the same Covenant the Mediator of the Covenant has always been the same Yesterday to day for ever the same The Son of God was an Intercessor for his People before his Incarnation Zach. 1 12. Believers under the Old-Testament were secured by him Neither is there salvation in any other If then the Partriarchs were saved as we know they were it was by Jesus Christ No man was ever saved since the world began but by him Under the Old-Testament Faith in Christ was necessary in order to Justification Salvation To him give all the Prophets Witness that through his Name whoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins Promises which do concern Spiritual and Eternal as well as Temporal blessings were made to Old-Testament believers Our Saviour proveth that the bodys of Saints shall have a Glorious Resurrection to Eternal Life from the Covenant made with Abraham They of old Looked for a City which has Foundations whose maker and builder is God Which if Heaven and not Temporal Blessings only had not been Promised them they would not have done Now if there is an Identity as to the Mediator the Condition the promises of the Covenant made with Believers in the days of the Old Testament and of the New the Covenant must needs be effectually the same When therefore by the Old the New-Covenant that of Works and of Grace are intended the distribution is of the Genus into its Species But when the Covenant of Grace as under the Legal or Evangelical dispensation is meant so it often is in the Scripture the distinction is of the same subject according to its various adjuncts There is another Covenant which that of Grace is built upon Viz. The Covenant of Redemption That there have been blessed Transactions between God the Father and the Son from the Days of Eternity concerning the Salvation of the Elect is a glorious Truth which not the light of nature but only the written word of God has revealed That speaketh of Gods Purpose and Grace given us in Christ Jesus before the world began and of Eternal Life promised before the world began These transactions were Foederal The father said of the Son im Tasim si posuerit If he shall make his Soul an offering for Sin Isa 53. 10. Whatever is required to a compleat formal Covenant between two distinct Persons is to be affirmed concerning what has passed between God and Christ with respect unto the Redemption of those that were from Eternity given to him Articles of Agreement to speak after our Nature have been concluded accepted and exactly kept unto by them both On this account the Lord Christ is said to be a Surety He is not only Fidejussor but Expromissor He has so undertaken to answer for his Elect as that they were many of them set at liberty before the price of their Redemption was actually payed that by vertue of this Covenant wherein the Father did take the word of his Son Jesus Christ that the thing should in due time be performed As to the Efficacy of his Death He was slain from the Foundation of the World Believers that dyed in the beginning of time went to heaven because the Son of God had promised to lay down his life to satisfy divine justice in their behalf Concerning the Covenant of Grace this Author has Published a judicious Treatise ten years since whereby the Churches have been edified He has here with the like solidity discoursed on the Covenant of Redemption shewing himself a workman that needs not be ashamed The Reader will find therein Gospel Mysteries with Brevity and yet Perspicuity which is rare explained confirmed applyed so as that both Learned and Unlearned God has made us Debtors unto both may thereby be built up in their most Holy Faith in some more disputable Points He expresseth his own Judgement without reflecting on those whom He differs from It has been controverted amongst very Learned men whether it is consistent with the Rectoral Holiness of that God who cannot look upon iniquity to pardon sin without satisfaction made to his injured justice Grotius Vossius Voetius Turretin Heidan and of our own Divines the great Owen and Mr. Burgess have inclined to the Negative in the Question mentioned But others of great name and worth and in particular Dr. Twiss concerning whom our Mr. Norton in his Life of Mr. Cotton does

certain to be received but upon mutual compact or agreement There could have been no security on any hand without it and therefore without this it could not have been a certain truth from eternity that the Son of God should in fulness of time come into the world and become a Saviour the contrary to which the Scripture assures us Now to sum up all that hath been said on this account the Necessity of this Covenant lies in these few following Conclusions 1 That mankind stands under a Covenant of works which requires Obedience of him and threatens disobedience with death This Covenant being made with Adam as the head of mankind it included all his posterity who were to stand or fall with him in the first trial of his Obedience 2. That Divine Justice stands engaged to this Covenant to see it rigorously performed according to the true intent of it Hereby was man reduced to that exigency that in case of Disobedience he must unavoidably dy either in himself or in his surety Justice lying in the way must be satisfied if mercy appear 3 That man is fallen under and thereby became forfeited to the law and liable to the execution of the sentence of it It was not his Original state but his Apostasy that reduced him to this exigency but by reason of that Divine Justice hath him in chase and is pursuing him to Death 4 That God will save a residue of that company and deliver them from the wrath to come For if God had purposed in himself to have destroyed all mankind and to make his wrath known in their personal eternal sufferings there could have been no necessity for a Covenant of Redemption Justice had its full scope to take place upon man being exposed unto it by sin but mercy had that lying in its way which left it no room for the exerting of it self without such a Transaction 5. That for this end he will provide a Redeemer for men He will lay in to make this Salvation sure and open a way wherein he may not deny himself but be both Just and the Justifier of all those that believe in his Son and that when mans case shall call for it when his misery shall stand in need of such a course to be taken for its succour the remedy may not be to seek In all these respects it was necessary and that because 1 Without a Redeemer Justice and mercy could not have met in agreement in the salvation of fallen man either there must have been a Clashing between these two Attributes or else man must have been for ever under the wrath of God If there had been no Redeemer there could have been no salvation according to the Oeconomy of the dispensation of the first Covenant 2 The Futurition of a Redeemer depended absolutely on this Covenant Here it had its foundation and rise as hath been already proved Those promises compacts and engagements between God the Father and God the Son gave the fututition to Christs coming into the World doing the work of Redemption and receiving all the Rewards consequent upon it 3. If this Redeemer had not come into the World and performed the work of mans Redemption then 1. Man had continued for ever in a state of Condemnation He had remained in the same condition with Fallen Angels an hopeless forlorn miserable Creature If Christ had not died we had been without any Hope for it is by his Death that we are delivered Rom. 8. 14. But for this the Condemnation which fell upon us for sin must needs have remained irreversible and we must all have perished indubirably 2. Grace had been without its declarative Glory That Attribute which he had a design signally to advance and to make himself known in and by to Eternal Admiration had mist of this Illustration and never been thus spoken of Socinians indeed labour to perswade us that the Satisfaction of Christ for Sin destroys the notion of Grace appearing in the Salvation of Sinners and denies the freedom of his mercy in his saving of them and therefore they will acknowledge no such Satisfaction But it is a very great mistake for this is the very thing which enhaunceth this Grace of God and puts a great many wonders into the Declaration of it for though it is not to be denied that for God to have ordained that sinful man should upon the Confession of his Sins and voluntary submitting of himself to Gods Soveraignty have received a free pardon of all his sins would have been a glorious declaration of free Grace and so a wonderful condescendency in God thus to have past by the high affronts which are by mans sin offered to his glorious Name yet to consider that when man was become so involved or intangled by a righteous and yet a rigorous Law as that there was no possibility of his being saved without the Death of a Surety for him and that no less a personage would serve for this than the Eternal Son of God that the Father should voluntarily spare him out of his own bosome yea and freely appoint him to this Office that he should by submitting to the Law yea doing and dying in our nature and stead become a Saviour for us that so we might not die but live and mercy might flow down to us through his being made a Sacrifice for us and suffering the whole weight of Gods wrath on our account this makes Grace to be the more gloriously resplendent yea and raiseth it up to the highest pitch of admiration that can be imagined CHAP. 11. Of the Influence that the Covenant of Redemption hath into the Covenant of Grace which is made with us THE Foundation of Fallen Mans Salvation is laid in the Covenant of Redemption here was the price provided to buy him out of the hands of Revenging Justice and purchase for him the Eternal Inheritance Here also was security given that all those for whom it was provided should be made happy partakers in the benefit of it But still there is something wanting in order to the bringing of them into the actual enjoyment of this Title and having this Security made over unto them and for this the Scripture points us to another Covenant distinct from this which is by some called the Covenant of Reoenciliation but is more generally known by the name of the Covenant of Grace Not as if the former were not of meer Grace but here the Grace which was laid up in the former breaks forth and is applied effectually unto them who were before the heirs of it Nor can these Covenants be confounded without greatly darkning the knowledge of the wonderful Mystery of the Love of God to men These Covenants are Essentially diverse one from the other having neither the same Parties nor the same Articles in them In the former the Father and the Son are the parties in this latter God and Man In the former the Justice of God was to be satisfied in the