132. l. 6. p. 24. as keth the Duke of Alva what punishment he thinks due to the Gantois l. 7. p. 39. his words concerning the magnitude of Gant ibid. and the nature of the Low-countrey men l. 6. p. 23. he thinks of reducing the Low-countreys into the form of a Kingdome l. 1. p. 15. why he forbare to do it p. 16. how he amplified the Principalitie of the Netherlands ibid. he meant to have encreased the Bishopricks of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 17. why he went not on with his defigne ibid. Charles the fifth Prince of Burgundy abrogates the innovation of taxing the Low-countreys at the hundreth part l. 7. p. 69 70. he prepares Edicts and Arms against the Lutberans l. 2. p. 34. l. 9. p. 42. his Decrees and Edicts published l. 4. p. 96. they are thought to be severe and breach of priviledge to the Brabanters l. 5. p. 98. they are defended l. 5. p. 104 105. qualified l. 5. p. 106. sent into Spain l. 5. p. 114. He begets his daughter Margaret at Ondenard in the Law-countreys l. 1 p. 20. and Don Iohn of Austria at Ratisbone in Germany l. 1. p. 16. with whom he is compared p. 19. he espouseth Margaret to Alexander Medices l. 1. p. 21. and after his death to Octavio Farneze p. 22. his wife Isabella of Portugal l. 10. 17. by whom he had Philip the second l. 9. p. 43. his parity and disparity with King Philip l. 2. p. 38. his daughter Mary l. 7. p. 43. he makes his Will at Ausburg l. 1. p. 10. prepares to resigne his Kingdoms p. 3. Creates his sonne Philip master of the Order of the Golden Fleece ibid. gives him the Low-countreys and Burgundy l. 1. p. 4. then all his Kingdomes p. 5. repeats his own actions l. 1. p. 4. His speech at the resignment of his Kingdome to his sonne ibid. he gives away the Empire p. 5. he sends the Imperiall Crown and Scepter by the Prince of Orange to his brother Ferdinand ibid. l. 2. p. 44. his desire to transfer the Kingdome of the 〈◊〉 to his son Philip l. 1. p. 5. from Zeland be weighs anchours for Spain ibid. The ship he sailed in after he was landed sunk immediately ibid. his words when he came on shore ibid. a suspicion that his mind was changed l. 1 p. 5. he visites Charles Prince of Spain p. 6. builds himself a house adjoyning to the Monastery of St. Iustâ—m ibid. his family and furniture l. 1. p. 6. his daily exercises in that solitude ibid. his Whip or discipline died in his bloud much reverenced p. 7. he keeps the anniversary of his mothers death ibid. he celebrates his own Funeralls ibid. falls sick l. 1. p. 7. discovers his son Iohn to King Philip l. 10. p. 17. dies religiously l. 1. p. 8. The prodigies at his death l. 1. p. 8. the years of his Government ibid. the severall conjectured Causes of his Resignation l. 1. p. 8. Charles of Austria Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 43. his nature ibid. not approved of by his Grandfather Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 6. his education l. 7. p. 43. l. 10. p. 18. sent to Alcala l. 7. p. 43. falls from a ladder ibid. is recovered by the help of St. Didacus l. 7. p. 43. Isabella daughter to Henry the second of France is designed for his wife l. 7. p. 45 68. so is the daughter of the Emperour Maximilian p. 68. how unlike he was to his father l. 7. p. 43. his hatred to his fathers favourites ibid. his patronage of the Low-countrey men l. 6. p. 22. l. 7. p. 43. his purpose to steal away for the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 44. which he imparted to some friends ibid. discovered to his father by Don Iohn l. 7. p. 44. he endeavours to fright the Duke of Alva from his Low-countrey expedition ibid. being to take horse in the morning he is in the night seized on by his father l. 7. p. 44. committed to his chamber p. 45. his infelicity ibid. and Death p. 45. the causes of his imprisonment and death ibid. He Don Iohn and Alexander Farnâ—ze compared together l. 10. p. 18. Charles Count Barlamont Governour of Naâ—â—â—e l. 1. p. 16. the asserror of Religion l. 10 p. 5. his sonnes ibid. his known fidelity to the King l. 1. p. 25. l. 3. p. 69. l 10. p. 5. one of Granvels party l. 4. p. 81. manifests his readiness to take arms for the King l. 5. p 129. informs the Governess what the Knights of the Order had designed l. 3. p. 69. when Duke Areschott and Count Egmont fell out he mediated between them l. 3. p. 72. his vote against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. he gives the name of Gâ—enses by way of contempt to the petitioning Covenanters l. 5. p. 109. takes the Oath of allegiance l. 6. p. 11. is by force taken out of the Senate and imprisoned in Bruxels l. 8. p. 20 dies at Namure l. 10. p. 5. his Obsequies ibid. his Encomion ibid. Charles Boisot Governour of Zeland sent by the Prince of Orange into Duveland l. 8. p. 10. slain by the Royallusts p. 13 St. Charles Cardinall Borromeo l. 8. p. 1â— Charles Brime Count Megan Governour of Gelderland and Zurphen l. 1. p. 17. l. 2. p. 41. gives the Governess intelligence of the Lords conspiracy l. 5. p. 99. and of souldiers levied in Saxony l. 7. p. 47. discovers to her the Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. his vote in Councel l. 5. p. 103. sent before by the Governess to quiet the sedition at Antwerp l. 5. p. 118. and to the Buss and Maâ—strieht l. 6. p. 2. Megen printed Mela takes the Oath of Allegeance l. 9. p. 11. beats the Covenanting Rebels out of Amsterdam l. 6. p. 19. drives them into Waterland ibid. is highly favoured by the Governesse p. 48. governs Frisland in the place of Count Aremberg deceased ibid. l. 7. p. 58. his Votive montment at Swoll in Leovard l. 7. p. 48. he dies ibid. Charls Croi Marquess of Haure returns from Spain to the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 19. sent by the Deputies of the Estates with an Army to Antwerp l. 8. p. 22. commands a Wing of Horse at the battel of Giâ—â—slac l. 9. p. 50. Charles Davalo son to Vastius Captain of a troop of Horse in the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 30 Charles Egmont Duke of Gelder l. 1. p. 19 Charles Farneze twin-brother to Alexander Farneze l. 9. p. 43 Charles Fugger a Colonell betrayed by his souldiers l. 9. p. 48 49 Charles the seventh of France his difference with his son Lewis l. 7. p. 44 Charles the eighth of France what an Oath he forced upon the Pisans and Florentimes l. 9. p. 34 Charles the ninth of France l. 3. p. 58. at Baion l. 4. p. 8â— his marriage with Elizabeth daughter to the Empâ—rour Maximision l. 4. p. 88. he desires assistance against the Hereticks l. 3. p. 55 56. his victory l. 3. p. 61. he
the one hand and on the other Elianor and Mary Queen Dowagers of France and Hungary with another Mary Queen of Bohemia and Christiern daughter to the King of Denmark Dutchesse of Lorrain First he created his sonne Philip master of the order of the Golden-fleece then he commanded Philibert Bruxellius one of the Lords of his great Councel to signifie his pleasure to the Estates of Flanders The summe of his speech was this That the Emperour being admonished by his dayly decay of health which had much broke and brought him low to settle his affairs in this world resolved to transferre that weight which he could no longer support as became his own and the Empires dignity â—pon his sonne both in vigour and wisdome able to bear so great a burthen Therefore Cesar wishing it may be for the happiness of himself and the Provinces resigned his Dominion of the Low-countreys and Burgundy released the People of their â—ath of Allegiance and voluntarily gave the right and possession of the Low-countreys and Burgundy to his sonne Philip King of England Whilest Philibert was gravely speaking this The Emperour rises on the sudden and leaning on the shoulders of William Prince of Orange interrupted his speech and out of a paper he brought to help his memory as the Register of the Empire he himself began to read in French What he had done from the seventeenth year of his age to that day nine expeditions into Germany six into Spain seven into Italy four into France ten into the Low-countreys two into England as many into Africa eleven Sea-voyages Warres Peace Leagues Victories and set forth the particulars rather magnificently then proudly Moreover That he had proposed to himself no other end of all these labours but the preservation of Religion the Empire Which hitherto whilest his health permitted he had by Gods assistance so performed that Charles the Emperours life and Reign could offend none but his enemies Now since his strength and almost life was spent he would not prefeâ— the love of Empire before the safety of his People In stead of an oâ—d Bed-rid man the greatest part of him already in the grave he would substitute a Prince in the spring of his youth of active strength and courage To him he desired the Provinces tâ— pay their obedience likewise to keep Peace among themselves and be constant to the Orthodox Religion Lastly That they would favourably pardon him if he had trespassed in his Government For his own part he would alwayes remember their fidelity and services in his prayers to God to whom alone he resolved to live for the short remainder of his dayes Then turning to his sonne he said If these Provinces had descended upon thee by my death I had yet deserved something at my sonnes hands for leaving him so rich and improved a patrimony Now since â—hine Inheri ance is not a necessitated but a voluntary act and that thy Father hath chosen to die before his time that he may antedate the benefit of his death all the interest thou owest me for it I assign it to thy Subjects and require thee to pay it in thâ— love and care to them Other Princes rejoyce they have given life to their sonnes and shall give Kingdoms I am resolved to prevent fate of this gasping and posthumous favour esteeming it a double joy if I may see thee not onely living but live â—o see thee reigning by my gift This example of mine few Princes will imitate for I my self in all antiquity could hardly find one to follow But sure they will commend my resolution when they see thee worthy to be made the first president Which thou wilt be if thou firmly retein the wisdome thou wert bred to the fear of the Almighty and which are the pillars of a Kingdome the patronage of Religion and the Laws One thing remains which thy Father makes his last wish That thou maist have a sonne grow up worthy to have thy Government transferred upon him but yet have no necessity to do it Having spoken this he embraced his sonne that was upon his knees striving to kiss his hand and piously and fatherly praying God to bless him his tears broke off his words and drew tears abundantly from the eyes of the beholders King Philip humbly kissing his Fathers hand then rising to the Estates excused his ignorance in the French tongue commanding Anthony Perenott Granvell Bishop of Arras to speak for him who in a most learned Oration interpreted the Kings mind as gratefull to his father so likewise affectionate to the Low-coutrey-men by his fathers precept and example Iames Masius an eloquent Civill Lawyer answered in the name of the three Estates Lastly Mary Queen of Hungary resigned the Government of the Low-countreys which she had managed five and twenty years for the Emperour her Brother So for that day the Session was adjourned Two moneths after in a farre greater Assembly for fame had further spread it self the Emperour gave to his sonne Philip at once the possession of all his Kingdomes Provinces and Islands aswell in our World as beyond the Line Finally not long after he sent the Crown and Scepter of the Empire all he had then left to his Brother Ferdinand created many years before King of the Romans by the hands of William Prince of Orange who they say at first declining the Ambassage told the Emperour in King Philips presence that he hoped better things from heaven then to see his Master take the Imperiall Crown from his own head and send it by him to another whether it was love to the Emperour of whose grace and bounty he had many proofs or flattery to King Philip whom he knew designed for the Empire by his father who often to that purpose had treated with his Brother Ferdinand For Cesar to confirm the Spanish power of the House of Austria by accession of the Empire had many times by Mary Queen of Hungary sounded his Brother Ferdinand if he would surrender the Kingdome of the Romanes to Philip among other proposals promising to share the Empire with his Brother that ever after there should be two Cesars of equall authority But all this moved not Ferdinand Charles the fifth from so great an Emperour now no body leaving the Court to the new Prince staid a while in a private house till the fleet was ready then losing from Zeland with his sisters Queen Elianor and Queen Mary he sailed with a prosperous wind into the port of Laredâ— in Biscany To follow him out of the Low-Countryes will not be I suppose to wander from the History since by continuing a relation of the last passages of a Prince of the Low-Countreys and the last Prince born a Low-Countrey-man I may appear to be in the Low-Countreys still However I presume the Reader will approve the bringing to light of this great retirement
he would never have touched the maid and therefore commanded her delivery should be kept private as well to preserve the Mothers honour as his own For the Emperour was not prodigall of his fame in this kind nor with pomp and ceremony brought his by-blows on the stage But the secret lay not long in the Embers being gossiped out by a woman employed as a necessary instrument in such cases She imparted it to her husband he with the same secresie told it to a friend of his for every one hath some he trusts as much as others can trust him just like the rain on the house top which falling from one tile to another and so from gutter to gutter at last is spouted into the high way For when many are of counsel in a business what was every ones secret becomes a rumour to the people Nor did the Mother think it amiss after she was known to have a child that the father of it should be likewise known as if her fault should be lessened by the greatness of his name And shortly the child appeared to be of the House of Austria by her Princely education The Low-Countreys were then governed for Charles the fifth by his Aunt Margaret Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian the first and Mary Dutchess of Burgundy The Emperour bred the Infant in the Court of his Aunt under whom he himself in his infancy had been educated Till she was eight years old the child was fostered in the bosome of that Princess After whose decease she was sent to Mary Queen of Hungary sister to Charles the fifth who being left a widow by King Lewis had the government given to her And her neece Margaret grew so like her not onely in her private and publick virtues but by observant imitation the child had the happiness to get her very sense and propensions her gravity and meen The Governess was much delighted in the sport of Hunting whereupon they commonly called her the Forestress as the true Neece to Mary Dutchess of Burgundy that constantly followed the Chase till by a fall from her horse she got her death This Fate appears not onely to be her own but to relate to Maximilian whose other wife Blanca Sforza while she was hunting was likewise thrown from her horse and killed The Dutchess of Parma was so taken with this sport and had so hardened her body with exercise that she fearless galloped after her Aunt over the lawns and through the woods before she was ten years of age As she grew in years she grew to exceed her Mistress in horsemanship she was then betroathed the second time to Alexander Medices of Florence she and her first husband Hercules Prince of Ferrara having never bedded For the Emperour that he might win Alphonso father to Hercules from the French from whom he was offered great conditions by Pope Clement the seventh Courted him upon the self same terms confirming him in the Principality of Mutina and Regio and espousing his Daughter Margaret then hardly four years old to Alphonso's eldest sonne Hercules By these espousals the Emperour gained Alphonso as the necessity of his affairs required But a while after he being drawn again to side with the French and his Sonne Hercules married to Renata Daughter to Lewis King of France The Pope upon his reconcilement with the Emperour among other articles of Peace agreed that Alexander Medices son to that Laurence whom Leo the tenth deposing Feltrio had created Duke of Florence should be settled by the Imperiall Army in the Florentine Principality and that to confirm him therein the Emperour should bestow upon him his Daughter Margaret in marriage Which conditions Cesar willingly signed partly out of respect to his Holyness whose injury he seemed to cancell by this benefit partly in hatred to the Florentines that entering into the Lotrechian association against the Emperour had put their City under the French Kings protection Alexander was forthwith possessed of Florence and the Florentines dispossessed of their liberty But the marriage was not compleated till seven years after Pope Clement being then deceased Nay the match by occasion of the Popes death came into a possibility of breaking upon the solicitation of some great men in Florence who by that seven years protraction imagining the Emperour wavered in his resolution treated with him on great hopes and promises not to admit of Alexander for his son in law but to restore the City to its freedome which they would onely hold of the Emperour But Cesar having past his promise to the Pope in his life time thought himself bound in point of honour to make it good after the Popes decease Especially because he suspected that the Florentines leaned towards the French Nor was he ignorant that a benefit more easily obliges particulars then a multitude and that favours scattered in publick are received by all returned by none The Emperour therefore sending for Alexander from Florence to attend him at Naples and to the Low-Countreys for Margaret who longed to see her Father returned from the Warre of Tunis at a Convention of the Estates and a great concourse of strangers the marriage was celebrated with military Revells wherein the Emperour himself ran a Tilt habited like a Tauny-moor But Margaret being received at Florence as their Dutchess and the Nuptiall solemnities iterated there a great part of the body of the sunne was darkened at the Feast and terrified the Guests Many held it to be ominous who looking with discontented eyes upon the present state and making the heavens speak according to their wishes compared the Dukes fortune to the sunnes splendour suddenly eclipsed Nor did their conjecture fail them for Alexander by the Emperours affinity grown proud and therefore careless fell intemperately to love women and so impolitickly that being secure from forrein force he was with the bait that pleased him easily intrapped by his kinsman Lorenzo Medices of Counsell with him in his pleasures and in hope or under pretence of restoring Florence to her liberty in the seventh year of his Principality before he had been a full year married he was slain His successour Cosmo for the Duke died but not the Dukedome in the first place humbly addressed himself to the Emperour for his consent that he might marry his daughter Princess Margaret thinking it would be a great support to his new and shaking power But Cesar resolved to make his best advantage of his daughters marriage having already obliged the house of Medices by establishing that family in the Dukedome of Florence and having likewise laid an obligation upon Cosmo himself by confirming though many opposed it the Principality upon him sought a son in law among the Farnezes then Princes and gave his daughter Margaret in marriage to Octavio nephew to Pope Paul the third and at that time created Prefect of
but likewise from all the Calvinists of France as from a Plantation of Geneva especially from the Prince of Conde Head of the Faction Who gâ—ad of that Occasion to make Levies promised and sent Assistance to Geneva under the Command of Mombrune And the Prince himselfe with Gaspar Colligny began their publique Musters in France preteÌ„ding to King Charles a feare the Spaniards that accounted them as Enemies had a designe to take them unprepared Nay they would have perswaded the King to raise an Army and not let slip such an Opportunity as fairer could not be to revenge himselfe of a Nation that ever hated France It was true that the Spanish Army both for the Goodnesse of Souldiers and Noblenesse of Commanders was a most select and considerable one yet in their passage through the Straits and over the Mountaines on the one side by the French on the other by the Geneveses and Swisse they might easily be distressed and cut off And then all King Philip's Spanish and Italian Forces being overthrowne as it was not to be doubted but either a way might be opened to recover Millaine left naked of old Souldiers or it was but marching into the Lowcountreys and that people willingly would receiue the French to whose Armes they must acknowledge themselves obliged for their delivery from the Spanish But if neither of these Projects tooke effect yet certainely for many years a warre was not to be feared from those that having lost such an army could not in a long time recruite The Prince of Conde added that if it would please the King to raise forces for that warre he would bring his Maiesty 50000 men Thus under a specious colour for the publick safety they offered his Maiesty the Army which they had privately designed for their Rebellion like true Hugonots who call that the Kings Security which is indeed his Captivity But the French King knowing what they aymed at lest by provoking a Potent Prince he might at one time be ingaged in a Forreine and Civill Warre replyed it was neither agreable to the Honour nor Valour of the French to circumvent a King neare to him in Affinity and Freindship But to secure his Kingdome from the Spaniards in their March he would giue Order for the raising of a new Army Withall he signified to King Philip the Condition of his Civill Discords by reason whereof he could not promise Security to his Forces if they came And now the Duke of Alva transported in the Galleys of Andrea Doria and Cosmo Duke of Florence with his new Spanish Souldiers that were to supply the old Italian Garrisons arrived at Millaine where falling into a Feauer he was forced to remaine At which time upon notice of the Army which the Duke of Alva was to bring into the Lowcountryes and that the King himself would follow for so it was reported the Governesse endeavoured to disswade his Maiesty from coming in a Warlike manner which would be of no use but to imbroile the Provinces againe That the Lowcountreys were at present in a peaceable condition returned to their Religion and Obedience nor wanted they strength and Men by which as this Condition was acquired so it might be preserued and increased by the King's presence if he came alone but if he brought a new and mighty Army what would it import but great Expences to the King and noe lesse Poverty to the Lowcountryes Vpon the very Rumour of a forreine Army diverse Tradesmen and Merchants familyes were now departed and when they heard of the Armyes nearer Approcahes more would leave the Country because they knew there would be noe Trading in a time of Warre and yet they must pay Sessments and great Taxes for maintaining Souldiers Besides the Feare of the People that cannot but thinke these Forces to be their Executioners the indignation of the Nobility whose good Service in quieting the late Commotions would seeme to be slighted and the certaine Relapse of the Place into Heresy that would returne into the Lowcountreys with a Lutheran Army out of Germany and which out of the premisses she prophetically concluded it would cause by that inexpiable Hatred antipathy betweene the two Nations a bloudy Civill Warre for many Ages Wherefore she earnestly beseeched his Majesty that laying aside this unseasonable Designe of Armes he would come peaceably into the Provinces more like a father then a King and that by his presence and Wisdome he would add to these happy Beginnings what was only desirable Continuation This Letter the Governesse sent by an Extraordinary Gaspar Robley Lord of Bill and Governour of Philipvill that being presented by a person of Honour it might have more Authority with the King But it neuer moved him who replyed his Army should come into the Lowcountreys for no other End but to establish peace And this was writ to the Governesse in the King's name by Rui Gomez a Sylva Prince of Ebolo who likewise sent her Excellence Newes of the Marquesse of Bergen's Death which happened in the Kings Absence from Madrid Iohn Glimèe Marquesse of Bergen Op Zoom a City in the farthest part of Brabant was the last yeare sent from the Low-countreys into Spaine with Florence Momorancy Lord of Montin nor was his Embassy very well received the King being excessively inraged at the Violation of their Churches and Defection of their Cityes Therefore the Marquesse begging leave to returne very often but still in vaine because the Governesse had privately advised the King not let the Embassadours goe so long as the Troubles lasted when he had now sufficiently discovered the Plot upon him both by his Delayes at Court and his mock-hopes as if he should every day returne into the Low-countryes with the King weary of the Imployment and struck with the Duke of Alva's being chosen Generall he fell sick and despairing of his Recovery sent for the Prince of Ebolo his old Friend to whom they say he grievously complained of the King and prayed he would deliver to his Majesty these words from a dying man that should no more speake for himselfe That it much grieved him not only to have no value put upon the many painefull services hee had done but likewise to see himselfe suspected and looked upon as an Enemy yet he hoped that his Fidelity and the perfidiousnesse and calumnâ—es of his Maligners would once though too late appeare A while after having settled all worldly businesse on the one and twentieth of May he dyed some say poysoned as if no man frowned upon by his Prince could dye a naturall death For my part I meane not to affirme it otherwise then as a Conjecture He was equally beloved by Charles the fifth and his Son Philip from him he received the title of Marquesse this for his gallant Service at Saint Quintin chose him out of all the Low-countrey-Lords to go over with him into
Government of the Low-countreys then designed him he would not so much as come to Court but went to the house of Anthonio Perez to linger there till he found whether the King would allow him place as a Prince-Infanta within the Cloth of State But the King that went out of Towne lest he might discontent his young Brother with the Assignation of his Place stayed on purpose in the Countrey receiving him more affectionately then magnificently at Villa Pardo And from thence exaggerating indeed not falsely the Necessity of the Provinces sent him presently into the Low-countreys His Majestie 's Suspicion also appeares by the Instructions he gave Don Iohn at his Departure The first and last whereof was that he should quiet the Provinces upon any Conditions whatsoever but a Warre so as he did it with a Salvo to Religion and Allegeance For though the King now weary of the infinite Expences of that Warre wished this might be the only Meanes of settling the Belgick Tumults yet howsoever I belieue his Majesty who thought nothing secure unlesse suspested would not have continued the Command of an Army to one person lest he should at last have established a Power irrevocable For the same reason when there was Necessity of a Warre Money to pay the Army came very sparingly from Spaine For this very reason the King's eares were open to the Low-countreymens Complaints accusing Don Iohn as longing to be in Armes Nay to confirme this Suspicion of the King 's I doubt not but the Prince of Oranges Designe was layed when he wrote Letters to a Friend in France which assured him that Don Iohn was to marry the Queene of England adding that for his perticular Service therein Don Iohn had given him hope of the free Exercise of Religion in the Low-countreys Which newes Vargas the Spanish Embassadour in France that carefully pried into all Occurrences privately sent post to King Philip. Whereupon followed the death of Iuan Escovedo as the man that put him upon it I cannot believe this of Don Iohn though sometimes troubled and crossed even to desperation Many Arguments rather induce me to thinke it a Finesse of the Prince of Orange to alienate the King from his Brother But the Causes of Escovedo's Death and the Tragedies insuing thereupon in Spaine as fitter for the Stage I leaue to Writers covetous of such Subiects Nor to any other end a newes which they heard in Spaine was the Principallity of the Low-countreys lately offered to Don Iohn For one of the Low-countrey Lords as an expedient for quieting the Provinces exhorted Don Iohn to take upon him Soveraigne Authority offering to serve him in it with the Nobility and ensuring the Event Which though it so highly displeased him that he drew his Stilletto not as once Germanicus Caesar did who turned the point upon himselfe but to have stabbed that perfidious and fraudulent man who with such impudent Counsell tempted his Loyalty Yet because this passed without Witnesses it was liable to the Censure of those that ever thinke the worst And some kinde of Suspicions no Innocence can absolutely cleare But I believe this bold and subtill Invitation was made not to bring the Lowcountreys into Don Iohn's Power but to fill the King's eares listning after such Rumours and to make him jealous that his Brother would not all wayes retaine that Modesty and that it therefore concerned the King in Wisdome to provide that what his Brother once modestly refused might never more be in the Power of his Acceptance Nor was King Philip now to be taught the Art of Iealousy being no lesse prudent in keeping then fortunate in amplifying his Dominions And Don Iohn daily found by new proofe how jealous the King was of him not satisfied by the compliance of the private life which he had so long indured Hearing likewise of Escovedo's death whom he had sent into Spaine to procure Money and other warlike Necessaryes for whose returne he had so often and so anxiously sollicited and every day finding himselfe in greater Straits deserted as he openly complained by the King and exposed to the Scorne of his Enemyes this Prince of great Spirit and hope too much remembring his bloud by the Father's side languished into a Consumption But whether besides his Griefe a poyson strong enough to kill him there might be another Dose given for they that saw his Corps found shrewd Signes of poyson I will make no Determination as in a thing commonly obnoxious to Presumptions of that Nature Though there wanted not some that watched to murther him as I am well assured by Alexander Farneze's Letters to his Father Duke Octavio And it was sufficiently evident two Englishmen being apprehended that had undertaken to kill him that very Month wherein he dyed which a while after examined and convicted of the Crime were by the Prince of Parma put to death But by what meanes soever his fate was brought about it was deplored with extraordinary Commiseration And seldome was it knowne that any Army with higher praises of his vertue mourned foâ— their Generall There were that compared Don Iohn and Germanicus together For their Beauty for their Yeares being 33 for the many battells they had fought in Places neighbouring upon Holland For the Court-Iealousyes upon them and for the Rumour of their approaching Death Others paralleld him nearer with his Father Charles the fifth Both had the same Birth-day almost the same Day of Death and like Expeditions by Sea and Land against the Moores and Turkes The Kingdome of Tunis was conquered by them both King Muleasses was reestablished in his Throne and Barbarossa outed by Charles the fifth King Amida Son to Muleasses but the Deposer of his Father deposed himselfe and Mehemet crowned was by Don Iohn carryed away among his Spoiles and Prisoners The Father had ended more Warres for he had lived more Yeares The Son in one Navall Victory equalled all his Father's Triumphs And no doubt but if he had injoyed his Fathers Power and alone commanded Kingdomes and Armies he would have made his Fame as glorious They likewise added things for the most part triviall and obvious to all Comparers That both by like artificiall Courtesyes quickned their Followers Hopes but he by bestowing Titles of Honour much increased the Nobility this remunerated the merits of his Souldiers because he had no other Meanes of Satisfaction with magnificent Words somtimes with a suddaine Expression of Ioy giving his Hatt or Stilletto to a Souldier Indeed calling every common Souldier by his name his Memory served instead of a Reward Both of them brought up fashions that added to the handsomenesse of the Body especially of the Head Charles the fifth when he came into Italy to be crowned Emperour was the first that to ease himselfe of the head-ach cut off his haire the great Courtiers following
his resolution But those Censurers were mistaken The Monastery of S. Justus Sex Aur. Vict. in Caius Czs. The Emperours new habitation Febr. 1557. His family and how accommodated His contempt of the world How be disposed his time His riding to take the air His gardening His making of clocks or watches Jannell Turrianus whose Mathematicall inventions be much delighted in His extraordinary care of his soul. Joseph Seguenza in the History of his Order l. 1. By the Bull of Julius 111. 1554. Marc. 19 He disciplined himself His whip reverenced by his son Aug. 30. 1558. Immediately he falls sick Barthol Miranda Soon after he died Sept. 21. 1558. His funerals ushered with Prodigies in heaven Observed by Ian. Turrionus present at the Emperours death And in earth How long he reigned Diverse reasons commonly given for his resignement The new Kings first care The Duke of Savoy made governour of the Low-countreys The Truce between France and Spain broken Febr. On what occasion Thuan. l. 22. Decemb. The French invade the Low-Countreys Ferdinand of Tolledo Duke of Alva Iune 1557. Aug. 1550. The Spaniard first was conquerour at S. Quintins Presently after the French recovered Caliâ—e Ian. 1558. The Spaniard hath another victorie at Graveling Fortune seconds valour Iuly 1558. The womens crueltie to the French A Treatie of peace between the Kings Concluded by mediation of the Dutchess of Lorain At Cambray the Peace-making city April 1556. To the generall contentment Charles the V. Francis the I. Aug. 1529. Alice the Kings mother and Margaret the Emperours aunt The Peace confirmed by marriage Of the King of Spain to the French Kings daughter The King of France his sister married at the same time to the Duke of Savoy A Tournament at the wedding Where the King is victor Gabriel Count de Mongomary but soon after wounded Dies July 2. 1549. His death foretold Luc. Gaur Thus. l. 22. Lod. Guicciard l. 3. The history of the Netherlands 1559. Anonym in that Hist. Thua l. 3. 22. Vidus Cavocius Francis Vivonus The judgement of prudent men upon the Kings fate A strange conjuncture this year of Princes funerals King of Rome Of Belgium or the Low-countreys It s Name 〈◊〉 Greatness Wealth Guicciardine in his description of the Low-countreys Cities Towns Villages Forts Militia Navigation Trade of clothing Inclination Adv. Jien in his Tract of Holland attributes it to the air they live in The Character of a Low-countrey man Belgium divided into 17 Provinces Which come to one Prince three wayes Philip the Good had them by affinity Meyer l. 17. Charles the Souldier by Purchase and the Sword Pont. Heut l. 1. But he lost some of them Paulus Aemil. l. 10. and Pont. Heut l. 2. Part Maximilian recovered by arms The same Authour in the same book and lib. 5. Part by Treaty Guic. lib. 1. 4. 8. Belcar l. 8. Charles the fifth possessed himself of all together Pont. Heut lib. 11. and 9. The same l. 11. and Meter Guic. lib. 16. and Pont. Heut lib. 11. And though to have made a Kingdom of them Guic. Meyer Why he did not The distribution of the Provinces 1546. 1556. The government whereof King Philip gave to the Lords Lucemburgh to Count Mansfield 1559. Namure to Count Barlamont Lymburgh to the Count of East-Frizeland Haynolt to John Lanoi Lord of Molembase But he shortly after dying it was bestowed on the Marquess of Berghen Flanders and Artois to Count Egmont French-Flanders to John Momorancy Tournay to his Brother Florence Holland and Zeland to the Prince of Orange 1559. Frizeland and Overysell to Count Arembergh Gelderland and Zutfen be as then assigned to no one But afterwards he sent from Spain a Patent to Count Megen to be Governour of both Marc. 25. 1560. And another to the Prince of Orange after the death of Vergius Jan. 16. 1559. to govern Burgundy Brabant reserved for the Supream Governour of the Low-countreys The ordering of the Militia Especially of the Horse Whose troops were famous througout Europe Their Commanders The Admirall Generall of the Ordinance The disposition of Bishopricks whereof there were onely four in all the 17 Provinces Many therefore had wished their number might be encreased Which Charles the fifth went about to do The reason why he desisted His son Philip attempts it Treats about it with the Pope Concludes with him Fourteen Bishopricks were to be added to the four former Whereof three Archbishopricks The men chosen for those Dioceses Of the Governour of the Low-countreys Various conjectures as is usuall with the people who should be the man The major part conceive Count Egmont will be elected a man of much same and merit Many think the Prince of Orange will carry it a man of greater power and wealth Not undeserving But he doubts a repulse Christierna of Lorain is also designed for the place With generall approbation But Margaret of Parma is preferred before them all What hindred Count Egmont What the Prince of Orange What Christiern of Lorain Cic. l. 2. de Oratore Of Margaret of Parma Her Mother Her mothers Parents Education Perfections The Emperour falls in love with her Delivered of Margaret Anno 1522. whom Cesar conceals for her mothers credit and his own But at last it was discovered The Infant is sent to be educated by the Emperours Aunt And afterwards by his sister 1530. Her disposition Her delight in hunting 1496. Cesar promises her in marriage to the Duke of Florence Breaking the match intended with the Prince of Ferrara 1516. 1529. Francisc. Maria Feltrio The Florentines labour to break the match But in vain The Nuptials celebrated at Naples Soon after at Florence With a strange Omen 1536. Her husband slain the same year 1537. His successour sues to Cesar for Margaret But he casts his eye on the house of Farneze And marries his daughter to Octavio Farneze Francisco Maria Feltrio With whom at first she corresponded not 1541. But afterwards He was indeared to her By means of his Absence and Hazzards 1545. Her love to him increased See the ninth Book Not without some instrvening jarres Her masculine spirit And manly exercises She was of a ready wit Wonderfull discreet And religious Especially at the Eucharist Her yearly Charity to the poor Which juncture of excellencies principally moved the King to make her Governess of the Low-countreys A second Cause thereof A third A fourth more secret perhaps more true The King after her instructions gives her a pension And in a Chapter of the Knights of the Golden Fleece 1516. 1433. 1429. He declares her Governess And commands to them Religion and Obedience Hears the Estates Requests And grants them Then his Majestie goes into Spain The Dukâ—â— of Savoy into Italy The Dutchess of Parma to Bruxells The Kings unseasonable departure out of the Low-Countreys before a perfect settlement was made The like inconvenience in Spain when Charles the fifth went from thence to Germany 1520. The Causes why writers differâ—
Spanish triumph for immediately he took Calice which Port the Kings of England used to call The Portall of France and so long as they enjoyed it they said They wore the keyes of France at their girdle being all the remainder of their two hundred years conquest that was kept by the Englishmen upon the continent of France which Kingdome in a few dayes they were forced to restore to its ancient bounds retiring to their own within the Sea But shortly after the Die of War ran on the Spanish side For King Philip perceiving the French Army to be divided proud of their number and success having in hope devoured all the Low-Countreys he himself divided his own forces part he sent against Paulus Termus burning and spoyling the Sea-coast of Flanders under the Command of Lamorall Count Egmont the gallantest of all the Low-countrey-men who was Generall of his Horse at the battel of S. Quintin and a great cause of the victory The other part of his Army he sent into Savoy to attend the motion of the Duke of Guise Count Egmont fighting a battel before Graveling a port of Flanders with great valour and fortune won the day For whilest the old souldiers of both Armies fought doubtfully for sometime on a sudden the French gave ground and lost the battel for ten English ships as they sailed by seeing the fight struck into the mouth of the river of Hay and with their Cannon so galled the French on that side where they held themselves to be impregnable coming upon them with such an unexspected and therefore a more dreadfull storm from sea that the Foot being disordered their fear was infused into the Horse so as their Army being routed there scarce remained one of the whole number to carry home news of the overthrow For part were sâ—ain in the fight the Duke and his great Officers taken prisoners the rest were either knocked down as they swam by the English besides two hundred taken alive and presented to the Queen for witnesses of their service at the battel or by the Boors in revenge of the plundering and firing of their houses killed without mercy To their misfortune was added that the reliques of the Army scattered in places they knew not about Flanders had their brains beaten out by the women that came upon them with clubs and spits and which is a more dangerous weapon armed with the furie of their sex some almost railing them to death others pricking their bodkins into them with exquisite barbarity pulled them to pieces with their nayls as the Bacchanals tore Orpheus Thus Henry of France loosing two battels in one year seeing his old souldiers slain and which is of fadder consequence the noblest of his subjects taken prisoners which are the strength of the French Militia He willingly embraced that peace which so long as fortune smiled upon him he had sleighted And King Philip moved by the accession of Calice to the Kingdome of France and his experience of the War had the like inclination to Peace Just as we see after the clouds have fought and are broken the Sun breaks forth nor ever shines a greater hope of Peace then when a War is seriously prosecuted fury being as it were glutted and weary with the slaughter The honour of this Peace was attributed to Christiern Dutchess of Lorain mediating between the two Kings as cosen-germane to King Philip and by late affinity gracious with King Henry Nor is it unusuall to employ that Sex in such transactions for it is held a point of Civility to yield to their solicitation The news of this Peace which after long dispute opened it self with the Spring in the city of Cambray was received with so great a joy of the Christian world weary of the tedious War that higher expression of contented minds are scarce recorded in the memory of man They that compared this peace with that concluded between the fathers of these Kings above thirty years before mediated likewise by Princesses and concluded where this was in the Town of Cambray a place destinated as it seems for peacemaking shall find then no common joy because divers Princes were not parties to the League and the warr in Italy still continued Whereas all the Princes of Europe being equally comprehended in this Peace an equall joy spread it self through all nations filling every mind with great hope of long friendship between the Kings which afterward fell out accordingly A Marriage was likewise made the better to confirm the Peace which notwithstanding continues among Princes no longer then ambition suffers it to which for the most part Kings are more truly married King Philip Mary Queen of England being dead the year before was offered a wife that had been promised to his son Charles Prince of Spain Isabella King Henries daughter eleven years of age who because she was born when the peace was begun with England and married to make a peace with Spain they called the Princess Peace In like manner Emman Philibert married King Henries sister Margaret and had in portion with her all those towns beyond and on this side the Alps which France the first and Henry himself had taken from him But never did France celebrate so joyfull a Wedding with so sad a close Among other preparations there a Tournament that is fearfull pleasure and an honourable danger wherein one cannot think them to be in jest that fight nor to fight when they see all intended but for sport It is an exercise the French exceedingly affect and they account it noble as being a bold and warlike nation The Lists now set up and scaffolded like a stage were filled with the best Tilters in Christendome for France challenged Europe at the breaking of a spear The two first dayes the King himself ran and had the Victory but when he came the third time in all his glory into the Lists against the advice of the Lords encountring the Captain of his Guard before his Bever was down a splinter of his Launce flying in his face struck out his right eye and shooting into his brain the Queen and Queen-mother with the Kings children beholding those unfortunate Revells he presently fell in a swound and being caught in mens arms the whole stage running bloud which but now rung with joyfull acclamations and applauses suddenly turned into mournings and lamentations The fifth day after this Prince no less valiant then religious and every way worthy a better fate departed his life And before the eyes of an infinite multitude which it seems he had proudly invited to his own funerals he acted to the life without scene or fable the Tragedy of mortall happiness They say one that cast his nativity as these kind of Predictions are commonly produced after the event foretold this very accident For Queen Katharine of Medices desirous to know the fate of her children of
knowing how advantagious it would be to the State of the Low-countreys if things appertaining to Religion should be transacted by him in whom among other ornaments his scarlet would advance his Authority Yet notwithstanding these letters from the Dutchess Granvel assented not till he had answer out of Spain then he presently put on his Robes and so expressing his duty to the King without distast to the Governess he received honour from the one and favour from the other Besides his Pall the Popes Chamberlain brought him from Rome a Cardinalls hat which is seldome sent to any it being the custome to receive it onely in Rome Which benefit Granvel ascribed to the Dutchess with exquisite thanks not so much extolling the greatness of the bounty as the giver And he said he had cause to reverence it as the greatest of all honours because therein he adored the goodness of his Prince But in his private discourse he plainly told the Dutchess That considering the Changes of mans life he had accepted of that Dignity Especially for that if at any time he should leave the Low-countreys as he saw a storm over his head threatening him from the Lords he might have a place at Rome among the Cardinals to which he might make an honourable retreat A designe at this day hit upon by many who knowing That Power seldome grows old at Court and that Favour will as surely perish as Life are willing to be advanced into this Order not as ambitious but as provident persons that in their greatest misfortunes the Altar and the Church may be their Refuge In the year following 1562 the Civil War of France reviving the Kings commands came to the Governess enjoyning her with all possible care and speed to send assistance to King Charles against his Rebels An Account of the Management and Original of these troubles will not I suppose trespass upon your patience if I repeat briefly from the beginning not onely what before this time was agitated touching these succours but the whole Progress of those French tumults forasmuch as partly upon private discord at Court partly for that in publick which concerned Religion it was the Model of the Plot laid by the Low-countrey men with so like success of both Nations that sometimes unless you be rectified by the names of Places and Persons you would not think you read the actions of two Kingdoms but of one and the same People Moreover some part of the French Rebellion was carried by advice sent out of the Low-countreys whereof Cardinall Granvel gave intelligence to his brother Thomas Lord Cantonet Embassadour for the Catholick King in France This being therefore a business of no small importance and because I would not interrupt my Narration of the Low-countrey war with inserting that of France I shall here as the matter and place requires with no vain not tedious Digression comprehend the whole Heresie having long since poysoned France had distracted it into factions and many men contemning the old had taken up the name of the new Religion For although after Luthers pestilence reigned in Germany France had a great while kept it self free from the infection yet in the year 1533 it was attempted by some of Luthers Emissaries For Francis the first favouring learned men and learning as commonly they do whose actions are worthy of a learned pen resolved to erect an University at Paris sending proposals of great entertainment to the ablest scholars of Italy and Germany This opportunity Luther took hold of and sent Buâ—er and others of the boldest of his followers which by disputing in that confluence of prudent men might give an Essay to bring in the new Gospel Nor wanted there some that were taken with the Novelty Especially because such as were questioned for Religion had their recourse into Aquitain to Margaret of Valois the Kings sister who perhaps out of hatred to the Bishop of Rome which had been infused into her in the family of her husband Alibret whom his Holiness depreived of the Kingdome of Navarre might lie open to the cunning of the Lutherans perhaps out of ambition to be thought a Wit which she affected beyond the limits of her sex or indeed as she herself confessed some years before her death at which time she was a Catholick it was not out of the perversness of her nature but out of commiseration to the condemned persons that fled to her protection which made her so earnest with her Brother in the defence of their new opinions So that for ten years together she bolstered up Lutheranisme in France Though Francis the first was the more slow in eradicating it by reason of the Germanes and the Swisse that served him against Charles the fifth till being grievously offended with the contumacy of the men and their malice to Religion he published many Proclamations against them not onely threatning but executing his Laws untill at last he almost extinguished the name of Luther in his Kingdome But Calvins stratagem succeeded somewhat better Who immediately upon the death of Francis the first whilst King Henry was engaged in the Warrs attempted France by sending Libels from Geneva And as he found the minds and ears of many possessed with Luthers opinions so he himself set the common people agogge to understand his new doctrine and the vulgar was very proud for his Books were writ to their capacity in the French Tongue to be made Judges of Religion and as it were to passe their votes upon the abstrusest controversies of Faith Lastly as they that fall from the highest point are easily tossed from one breach of the precipice to another till they come to the very bottome having once departed from the old Religion they fell headlong from Luther to Calvin many of them not resting till having disclaimed all worship and not believing there was any God at all they finally stuck fast in the bottomless Abyss of evil And notwithstanding that Heresie first corrupted the minds of the People they being still the first that are swept away with a Plague yet in a short space it made way through the Commons seized upon some of the greatest Lords and came into the Court it self where it infected many persons of quality as that which was likely to be serviceable to the factious Nobility for winning the peoples hearts and drawing them to make head against their Competitours that grew still more powerfull with the King For Mary stuart Queen of Scots of the House of Guise by her Mother being married to Francis the second much advanced the greatness of the Guises For the King but fifteen years old had use of others service and these were fit to be employed Especially Francis Duke of Guise and his brother Charles Cardinal of Lorain he being an experienced fortunate Commander abroad and a prudent man at home this eminent for a generall Scholar deeply
learned but particularly of a subtil elocution and a Majestick kind of presence But the more these Princes by their own worth and the Queens favour were advanced the more must others necessarily be discontented that either had been or hoped to be the first in favour Principally the Bourbons and the Colligny not to name Momorancys that bore spleen to the Guises but with more civility Indeed Anthony of Bourbon besides his being the first Prince of the bloud took upon him in the right of his wife Ioan Alibret the title of King of Navarre He was a man equally tempered for the Arts of War and Peace but immoderate in his pleasures and therefore unfit to establish a Dominion Much more fierce and cunning was his brother Lewis Prince of Condè constantly engaged and exercised in the War yet with much more courage and confidence then either strength or knowledge Gaspar Colligny and his brother Andelot were of like nature but because he was Admiral of the French seas and this Lieutenant Genera◠of the Foot they were likewise in high esteem These which I have named with others of inferiour quality though there was no tie of friendship among them yet because they were all concerned in one common Interest easily conspired together And the Engine wherewith they meant to ruine the power of the Guises was by protecting the Hereticall Party who they knew hated the very name of Guise Especially some of them having now forsaken the old Religion desired to appear not onely Patrons of the Sectaries but likewise of the Sect. Among which none more boldly professed and maintained Heresie then Ioan Alibret wife to Bourbon and onely daughter to Margaret of Vallois and Henry King of Navarre This Lady because she saw her self deprived of her Kingdome of which Ferdinand the Catholick King had by arms dispossessed Iohn her grandfather excommunicated by the Bishop of Rome was transported with so implacable an hatred unto Rome and Spain and consequently to the Romane Religion which she knew the Spanish so much tendered that she spared no pains nor cost to bear down the Popes Authority and the Catholick Faith in France Heresie therefore supported by these eminent persons spread it self so far over the whole Kingdome that Henry King of France whose Armies were kept in action by the Spaniards in the Low-countreys concluding a Peace with King Philip withdrew his forces and cares to compose discords at home which threatned to break out into a Civil War But the death of King Henry hastened on the mischief For as I said his son Francis and the Queen and Queen-Mother the more they used the faithfull endeavours of the Guises against Hereticks the more they exasperated their enemies and put them on to use the proffered service of the Hereticks to suppresse their power Which moved the Queen-mother when her daughter Isabella was to go for Spain to desire assistance from her Son in Law King Philip against the Hereticks and troublers of the Kingdome To which request she received a very gracious answer with a magnificent promise of men and money Letters from the King to that effect being purposely read before some of the French Lords to strike them into a fear did rather encrease their envie to the Queen-Mother and unite them against Spain And now against the Guises and against the King himself were scattered Libels as fore-runners of the tumults which immediately followed And the Lady Alibret earnestly solicited the Cause who remembring her old quarrel and impatiently longing for a Crown rung in her husbands ears That he must not suffer this onely opportunity of recovering the Kingdome of Navarre to slip out of his hands That he may now make himself head of a mighty faction almost half the strength of France That upon these terms he may exspect assistance from the Germane Princes of the same Religion from the English the Low-countrey men besides such Catholicks as were enemies to the Guises and by a strong conjuncture of all these they may expell the Guises out of France advance the Hereticall party and no doubt but at length they may carry that army to the conquest of Navarre But this furious Tullia was married to a milder Tarquin so as the Duke of Bourbon being cold for all this fiery curtain-Lecture his brother the Prince of Condè a Tarquin that well-matched the Lady Alibret is said to have undertaken the Advance of the Conspiracie and that he engendred the tempest at Ambois which for that time was dispersed by the providence of the Duke of Guise But new clouds of discontentments gathering at last the storm fell more fatally in showers of bloud and civil war They say in that tumult the name of Hugonot was first brought up at Tours upon this occasion It is a custome at Tours to fright children by telling them of Hugh who they say rides about the Suburbs in the night pushing at all he meets And when the Hereticks that flocked to Tours had their nightly Conventicles in the Suburbs because they durst not come together in the day time they were accidentally pointed out to the children like midnight-goblins and from Hugh by way of jeer were called Hugonots Though some derive them from another kind of original But whencesoever they had that denomination it appears they thought it a scorn to them and therefore they called the Catholicks Papists But these are onely names I proceed to the matter as it is recorded by them that wrote the History of those times The first designe of the French tumults was laid at Geneva by Calvin and Beza holding in that town a shamefull and barbarous consultation upon a day appointed suddenly to massacre King Francis the Queen the Queen-mother the Kings brothers and all the Lords of the Court The King therefore to curb this insolence of the Hereticks maintained by some of the Nobility for their private ends and feuds raised an army in France called his forces out of Germany requested succours from the Duke of Lorain and the King of Spain And indeed King Philip presently sent him souldiers out of Spain which were to joyn with the French Army at Limosin intending to furnish him with more men but hearing of the death of King Francis he put off his other supplyes till the next year to which time the warre it self was deferred The death of King Francis was attended with a great alteration in the state For the Bourbons one of which was condemned to loose his head and hourly exspected the executioner and the other banished the Court and generally thought to be oppressed in his brothers ruine were presently made the disposers of the Kingdome the administration thereof being come into the hands of the Queen-mother of the house of Medices who was to govern for King Charles a child of ten years old The Prince of Condè was restored by Proclamation to his
it were followed through the streets by the multitude to the number of an hundred at Valencena and six hundred at Tournay singing Davids Psalms in French At this Psalm-singing and these night-sermons tumults were raised in both Cities between such as favoured and such as hated them The cognizance whereof taken from the Magistrates was brought before the Governess who commanded the Governours of those Provinces Florence Momorancy Lord of Montiny and Iohn Glemè Marquesse of Bergen that were both at this time by accident in Breda to joy the Prince and Princess of Orange newly come out of Saxonie forthwith to return to their Governments and use their best endeavours in what concerned them nearest The Lord of Montiny posted to Tournay with Christopher Assonvill and Iohn Blaser whom the Dutchess had joyned with him to examine the business Where he apprehended the owner of the house the Conventicles were kept in and found and burned many hereticall books A moneth after hanging up Lanoy the night-preacher Tournay was quieted But at Valenciens things fell out far otherwise For though the Marquess of Bergen presently went thither and by the assistance of Filibert Bruxâ—ius and Autrux assigned him for Adjuncts by the Governess two preaching Calvinists Philip Maillard and Simon Favian were committed to prison deferring their punishment contrary to the Dutchess command Before the Citie was pacified the Marquess of Bergen went to Leige to visit his brother Bishop of that City For which being reprehended by the Dutchess and commanded back to his Government he boldly excused himself That it was neither agreeable to his place or nature to put Hereticks to death Which insolent answer she wrote to the King commending in the letter the industry of the Lord of Montiny and so comparing the ones deserts with the dis-service of the other made both appear the greater And indeed that Heresie like other contagious diseases is caught in an instant and must with expedition be prevented as may be instanced in the examples of Tournay and Valenciens There by the present punishment of a few all being put in fear here by delay and negligence the turbulent people having time given to encourage them For now that brace of Hereticks I spake of had been in prison seven moneths and the Magistrates were affraid to proceed to judgment because they saw the peoples affection daily increasing towards them and divers bills posted up that threatned mischief to the Judges if any harm came to the Prisoners And many passing by the Jayl in the night were heard to chear up the prisoners and bad them fear nothing for if they should be led to execution the people would rescue them But the Dutchess informed of all this taxed the Magistrates with the fear they had brought upon themselves by seven moneths delay and seriously fore-warned them not to make the disease incurable by further delaying Therefore according to the Emperours Edict sentence was pronounced and the delinquents condemned to be burned But because some tradesmen were suspected especially the Clothiers the execution was put off to a day when they alwayes used to be absent from Valenciens their custome being on Saturday night to walk abroad into the fields and not to come back to town till Monday morning Part going a feasting to the Villages near hand with their parents and their wives part getting out of the way lest they should be observed not to be at Church with the Catholicks On Monday therefore by day-break the condemned persons were brought into the market-place Yet it was not so privately carried but multitudes of people followed And Favean when he came near the faggots cried out as loud as ever he could gape O Eternall Father At which words the whole Market-place made a hideous noise and suddenly strove to fetch off the prisoners casting stones at the Officers withall breaking into the place of execution they seized upon all the instruments of death threw about the fagots and for very madnesse broke them into little pieces Till the officers too weak for the multitude were forced to carry the prisoners back to the Jayl and to run for it themselves the stones flew so fast about their ears Having freed their companions by degrees the peoples fury cooled or rather not knowing what to do for want of a Leader they met all in a peaceable manner that you would have rather thought them Petitioners then Mutineers singing Davids Psalmes by Calvin's Psalter then breaking out again into rage they blamed their own sloath and resolved to take their opportunity while the Citie was in fear and trembling Before I proceed because the singing of Psalmes hath casually been twice and must be oftner mentioned I conceive it will not be amisse for the Reader to understand the Originall thereof Among the Grooms of the bedchamber to Francis the first of France there was one Clement Marot born at Davean a man naturally eloquent of a voluble fluent tongue having a rare vein in French poetry wherewith the King was much taken and kept him as a choice instrument of his learned pleasures But as his wit was somewhat better then his conditions by his acquaintance with the Lutherans he was suspected to have changed his Religion and therefore fearing the King would be offended he fled to his Majesties sister at Bearn the old Sanctuary for Delinquents A while after the King was pacified and he returned to Paris Where he was advised by his friend Francis Vatable the Hebrew Lecturer to leave the trifling subjects he wrote upon and study divine Poesie Hereupon he began to translate the Psalmes of the Hebrew Prophet into French stanza's but so ignorantly and perversely as a man altogether unlearned that the King though he often sung his verses yet upon the just complaints of the Sorban Doctours and their severe censure passed against them commanded that nothing of Maro's in that kind should be from thenceforth published But being forbid by Proclamation as it often happens the longing of the Reader and fame of the Work was increased so that new tunes were set to Marot's thimes and they were sung like profane ballads He in the mean time growing bold by the peoples applauses and not able to forbear bragging for fear of punishment ran to Geneva And flying from thence for new crimes committed but first having been well whipped for them he died at Austune The successe of this Translation of Psalmes moved Theodor Beza a friend of Marot's that wrote an Elegie in French upon his death to joyn to the fifty which he had printed the other hundred in French meeter too so the whole book of Davids Psalmes was finished And to make it pleasing to the people they had severall tunes set to them by excellent Composers that chimed so sweetly as every one desired to have the new Psalter But many errours in it being detected against Religion and the
would return and boldly claim a share in the success On the other part the Cardinalists more slowly followed the Kings business either offended at the Governess or to endear the Cardinall by his absence and to make him the more longed for But the Governess persisted in her desires to bar all hope of his return and wrote to his Majesty many letters wherein she did not a little tax the life of Granvell I suppose to shew she had reason for consenting to his remove Which was the cause why an Officer extraordinary was sent into Burgundy in the Kings name to take the accounts of the Exchecquer and so by the by to examine Granvells actions At this Inquisitours return the Governess made it her suit forasmuch as the Lords suspected Granvells stay in Burgundy had too near an influence upon the Low-countreys and that they likewise said Though his person was absent his Counsels and Directions still ordered the affairs of State his ghost as it were haunting the Low-countryes that his Majestie would please to free the Provinces of that kind of fear and send the man to Rome the place he had long since chosen whither afterward Granvell went of his own accord not by the Kings command For in December the year following Pius the fourth deceasing Cardinall Granvel came to Rome to the Conclave it will not do amiss I suppose to let you know the further progress and end this great man where he was re-imployed by King Philip the show not substance of whose favour he had lost in soliciting all businesses at Rome that nearliest concerned his Kingdome with higher expressions then ever of his affection to the Cardinal By which is evident what difference there is between such as get into favour with a Prince by accident such as are advanced by merit for those if they once fal never rise these their absence ingratiates with their Prince and necessitie restores them to their places And it fell out very opportunely for Granvel who being as ambitious of employment as prepared for present business the League betwen the Princes of Christendome so often begun to be treated so often broken off coming now again in agitation received from the King a large Commission that together with Francis Cardinall Paceco and his Majesties Embassadour Iohn Zuniga he should upon what conditions he thought good make a league between Rome Spain and Venice which he clearing the matters of controversie that daily were revived faithfully and actively endeavoured on the Kings behalf After this he was created by King Philip Vice-roy of Naples and delivered from the Pope to Don Iohn of Austria the Standard and commanding Staff that declared him Generall of the Christian Fleet. After the Popes death coming to Rome he so applyed himself that besides his advancing the Spanish party whereof he was chief he was the principall cause that Gregory the thirteenth to the great benefit of Christendome was created Pope And yet he exceedingly displeased that very Bishop at his return to Naples where he carried himself somewhat more harshly towards he Church then could be exspected from a Prelate of his Robe but not otherwise then we see many sacred and mitred persons do that shew themselves more earnest then the Lay-ministers of Princes to advance their politick Dominion Whether it be their care to decline the suspicion of being for the other party or that their knowledge and emulation discovers the abstrusest points that are to be opposed Nor are they lesse violent for being in holy Orders familiarity and injoyment taking off their respect to that of which they are possessed The Vice-roy Granvell had signed a warrant to his Officers to take out of Marius Caraffa the Archbishops prison a notorious offendour whose cause Granvell said belonged to his Jurisdiction For which fact Marius Caraffa excommunicated the Kings Officers whereat Granvell being implacably displeased laid the Archbishops servants by the heels and sequestred the rents and profits of the Archbishoprick the Popes Nuncio Anthonius Saulio in vain labouring against it and threatning the Popes indignation if he persisted Gregory the thirteenth was exceedingly vexed thereat especially because when this was done at Naples the like was attempted in Castile by the President of the Councel Didaco Covarruvia Bishop of Segovia His Holiness therefore commanded Saulio to go to the Cardinal Vice-roy and directly tell him That unless within so many dayes he would revoke and make null all he had done against the Archbishop and his servants he by the authority given him by his Holiness would turn Granvell out of the Colledge of Cardinalls Which message though some fearing the Vice-royes dipleasure perswaded Saulio to put in milder terms boldly delivered according to his instructions so terrified Granvell that he discharged the prisoners and restored the Bishop to his own Nay he gave the Archbishop a prisoner in exchange for the condemned man taken from him that occasioned the dispute and had been forthwith executed Afterwards he submitted to the Canons with much more care and reverence So you see Threats and Menaces proportioned to the greatest spirits will at last humble them Granvell having now four years governed that Kingdome with great Prudence indeed but not so great regard to Chastity as beseemed his age and scarlet being in some measure reconciled to the Pope returned to Rome From whence three years after he was sent for by the King into Spain being then 62 years old and the Italian affairs of State wholly intrusted to his disposall which was distastfull to some of the Grandees whose weaker and lesser iudgements were eclipsed by his old and solid experience and looked on by him with a kind of scorn I find likewise the King himself was offended with him whilest by too passionately extolling the Actions of Charles the fifth and instancing what he had done upon the like occasions he seemed to urge them as presidents for his sons imitation with a freedome odious to Princes which had ruined many of Alexanders greatest Commanders that spake too liberally in his fathers commendations But Granvell knew he had to do with a Prince enamoured of his merits whose favour towards him he had found rather suspended then extinguished whereof he had this further proof that King Philip going to take possession of the Kingdome of Portugall left Granvell to govern Spain and returning out of Portugall when he made his entrance into Madrid waited on by infinite multitudes and received with the acclamations of all sorts of people he rode through the Town with this aged Cardinal onely on his left hand Lastly three years after Granvell returning from the Citie of Auspurge vvhere he had married the Infanta Katharine King Philips daughter to Eâ—â—manuel Duke of Savoy being now seventy years of age departed this life at Madrid the very day 28 years after the death of the
Lord of all to be their father And so the eleventh year after her marriage dyed Princesse Mary no lesse admirable in her death then in her life For as in this she was most nobly active so in the other she was most undauntedly passive the onely glory that remains for dying persons Her patience and the strong assaults of the Devil divers then present have set down in writing A little after her departure in a private box within her Cabinet was found a short Diary written by divine instinct with her own hand containing the heads of her actions every day and almost every houre of her life In which may be seen for it is printed and bound up with her life what her judgement was concerning Christian perfection and how she applyed her self to that progressive rule indeed so exactly as the Houses of Portugall and Farneze may glory in the beauty of her mind and the example of Princesse Mary may be set for a pattern to all princely maids and wives And now to proceed with the businesse of the Low-countreys The Governesse had begun with great industry to execute the Kings commands brought by Count Egmont out of Spain but receiving new letters from his Majesty at Validolid wherein he seemed to command the quite contrary to what he wrote by the Count the Governesse amazed was at a stand and Count Egmont excessively troubled in his mind complained That his authority esteem would be lost among his enemies by that change of the Kings Counsell as if he had delivered one thing and the King enjoyned another that it seemed the Kings Councellours were in a way if they held on to force the Low-countreys into the receiving any form of Government rather then the present though it were to put themselves in the power of the Germans the French or of the Devil himself For his own part he was resolved if the King would not make good his determinations to retire to his own house and leaving his Government of Flanders to testifie to the world by his absence that Egmont had no hand in the troubles of his Countrey When the Governesse had writ this to the King as she had it from the mouth of Count Egmont three moneths after she received an answer from his Majestie dated at Segovia â—n these words That it was a false allegation of those men who affirmed he had commanded any other thing in his dispatch of Count Egmont then in his late letters from Validolid therefore to expresse himself more fully In the first place he would have the Anabaptists and other Hereticks put to death of what families soever they were descended and their punishment neither remitted nor themselves reprieved Since experience had sufficiently demonstrated that a violent and volatile disease was but ill cured by indulgence or delay Then That he commanded the Inquisitours of faith a judicature neither new nor unnecessary for the Low-countreys to be every where with reverence retained and assisted with all the power of the Dutchesse her self and the Governours of the respective Provinces Lastly because the Councel of Treâ—t was now established in the Low-countreys it was their duty to they the Decrees of the said Councell and likewise the Imperiall and Royall Edicts Moreover he desired the Governesse that in the execution thereof she would use her greatest care and industry for asmuch as no one living could do any thing more acceptable to himself or more advantagious to the Provinces This was the summe of those letters which the Prince of Orange charged with all the calamities that befell the Netherland And though the Governesse thought it a work of danger to undertake so many things at once and therefore wrote many letters to beâ—eech the King to excuse her yet she attempted it and by her Proclamation commanded all the King had enjoyned her and advised the subordinate Governours in these words as appears by her Edict speedily sent to Ernest Count Mansfeldt Governour of Luxemberg the rest being onely transcripts of the same For asmuch as nothing is dearer to the King then the peace of these Privinces and that his Majesty desires to prevent the great evils wherewith we see many nations afflicted that change their Religion Therefore it is his Royall pleasure that the Edicts of his father Charles the fifth and his own with the Decrees of the Councel of Trent as likewise of Provinciall Synods be kept intirely That all Favour and Assistance be given to the holy Inquisitours and the Cognizance of Heresies left to them unto whom it appertains both by divine and humane Laws This is the Kings command who respecteth onely the Worship of God and the good of his people and hereof I give you notice that you may without exception imbrace it your self publish it to the Magistrates of your Province and take speciall care that no man upon any pretence whatsoever slight its due observation you terrifying the conâ—umacious with those punishments specified in our letters annexed to the Edict And that you do this with more facility you shall chuse some one out of the Senate to visit and superintend your Province whether the Edict be punctually and justly observed by the Magistrates and the People you your self together with the Magistrate you make choice of every quarter of a year giving us an axact account of the premises And it shall be our paâ—t to endeavour that your pains may receive due recompence and advancement In short partly the care of these Edicts partly of the late Marriage ended this yeare which was the last of peace and happinesse that ever the Netherlands enjoyed The End of the fourth Book The Historie of the LOW-COVNTREY WARRES The fifth Book NOw comes in a year memorable for the open conspiracy of the Gentry seconded by the mutiny of the people and the turbulent counsels of the Lords the furious incursion of Hereticks Sacriledge with ruine of Religion and no lesse ignominy to the Authours The Edict formed by the Governess was sent and published in the Kings name by the severall Governours of Provinces but some of them first complained to her Excellence protesting they were not able to govern the people with that severity enjoyned by the Edict Nay divers plainly told her they would not be guiltie of burning five or six thousand men in their Provinces whereof the Governess advertised the King warning him of the storm which she foresaw The first signe and terrour of the Tempest lightened out of Brabant For when the Chancellour of that Province had propounded the Kings Edict to the Brabanters who have no other Governour but his Majesties Lieutenant over all the Low-countreys immediately the chief Cities of the Netherlands that is Lovain Bruxels Antwerp and the Bus assembling the Senate and petitioning the Chancellour very violently and angerly desired that their Priviledges might not be violated to
any man or plunder of any house though the Wealth of the Towne was a great Temptation their Contumacy meriting Destruction The Generall went to their Court and first according to his Instructions disarmed the Townsmen and tooke from the City their Cannon which were 50 and all the rest of their Munition Then he caused Inquiry to be made for the Boutefeu's and Ringleaders of the Rebellion with the Hereticall Preachers and immediately laid 36 Principall rebels by the Heels but could not take any one Minister for they were slipt out of the Towne though the Ports had presently been shut up or guarded with Souldiers but being apprehended at St Amands they were brought back and committed to prison Afterwards the Citisens were beheaded their Teachers and some of their Souldiers hanged Lastly the Magistrates and Treasures and all other publique Officers were removed from their places their Charter and Priviledges forfeited till the King pleased to restore them The Governesse writing all these Particulars to the King and annexing a List of the Commanders and Souldiers Names that had done most gallant Service in the Siege humbly craved Leave to remunerate their Valour and Fidelity out of Delinquents Estates that the Souldiers might reap the Fruit of their Victory and Modesty and others be taught their duty Valenciens being in this manner settled and all consecrated Places restored to their pious Vses the Bishop of Arras likewise sent for out of Artois and eight Companyes charged vpon the Towne that He might keep the people in the feare of God and they in Obedience to the King it was wonderfull to see what a glorious name Norcarmius had got and what an alteration it made among the Rebels and Hereticks of all degrees when they heard Valenciens was taken insomuch as it was commonly reported that in this one Town were found the keyes of all the other Cityes In the meane while her Excellence receiving a new expresse signifying that Ferdinand of Toledo Duke of Alva was to come a little before his Majesty Whilst in the Lowcountryes all went as well as she could wish she thought it best to press what she had long since designed a Protestation from the Magistrates and all Officers of Peace and Warre wherein they should sweare without exception to obey any that should bee appointed in the Kings name Which she did not to sound any ones mind for she could well distinguish the Kings Friends and Enemyes nor in hope to oblige the Vnfaithfull which she knew was not to be done by any Tye but that shee might with lesse envy displace such men as should refuse the Oath or put them to death if they broke their Faith by which meanes the King at his coming might finde all parts of the Lowcountryes pacifyed The Governesse set this afoote in the begining of the yeare and acquainting the Senate with it told them she would take it as a speciall Service if the Lords would give Example which the rest would easily follow The first that Voted for it and promised to take the Oath was Peter Ernest Count Mansfeldt then the Duke of Areschott and the Counts Egmont Mela and Barlamont who afterwards performed what they then promised But Henry Brederod whom the Governesse by expresse Messengers and afterwards by Letters vrged to take this Oath of Allegeance as he that was both the Kings Subject and a Commander under him of a 100 horse of those 1400 raised for the Saftety of the Provinces a great while kept off at last because he was commanded to lay downe his Commission complaining that he was unworthily and injuriously dealt with refused the Oath and sent back the Horse The Oath was likewise refused but with more Civility by the Counts Hochstrat and Horne because they said they had sworne their Allegeance some yeares before and that they hoped was sufficient Hochstrat was at Antwerp Lieutenant Governour there for the Prince of Orange who was then in Holland and from this City gave Orders for Machlin whereof he was Governour in his owne right Therefore her Excellence that had long had an eye upon Hotchstrat as a man not to be trusted gave away the Government of Machlinâ—o â—o the Lord Semer one that was sound in Religion and Fidelity and wrote to Hochstrat how she had provided for that City which the Gheuses having lately had a plott upon it required a Governour that should be there resident Hochstrat as if he Vnderstood not the Governesses Anger lest he should seeme likewise sensible of his owne Offence in his Answer gave her infinite thanks that she had then eased him of that burden only whether he should lay down his Commission before the Senate of Machlin or by Letter signify so much unto them he expected her Highnesses Commands and if she further pleased to substitute another at Antwerp in absence of the Prince of Orange he should take that also for a speciall Favour But writing to Count Mansfeldt he layd aside dissimulation For when the Governesse had returned that she better liked his writing to the Machliners about the Resignation of his Government that Count Mansfeldt at the same time wrote him a Letter to the same effect counselling Hochstrat as his Kinsman for they were married to two Sisâ—ers of the Momorancyes Hochstrat to Elionor and Mansfeldt to Mary by all meanes to pacify the Governesse he answered jeeringly That he was much bound to him who having so many Imployments whereby he much eased the Dutchesse in her Government could yet descend so farre as to thinke of his poor Kinsman and to Vouchsafe him his Advise which Advise notwithstanding he needed not knowing well enough what was to be done In the meane time he joyed him of those great Imployments which shortly would be increased beyond his ambition by the coming of so many Whelps out of Spaine and Italy The businesse with the Prince of Orange went slowlyer on and with more trouble For he refusing the Oath among other Passages wrote to the Governesse that she would please to appoint a Governour for Holland Zeland and Burgundy since he understood it was the Kingâ—s Pleasure that he should resigne This held the Governesse in Suspense because she was not willing he sould declare himselfe an Enemy before she had sufficient Forces to subdue him She therefore sent to Antwerp Iohn Baptista Bertius her Secretary that found the Prince of Orange onely imployed about his private Occasions and having presented his Letters of Credence from the Governesse He made it appeare by many Arguments that the Prince of Orange's determination to resigne his Commands could not be approved either by the Governesse or any of the Lords not only because it would be disadvantageous to the Lowcountryes and dishonourable to the Prince of Orange himselfe but likewise because such kind of Governements confer'd by the
for contribution from both But I conceive by that Site he intended the Security of the Fort it selfe For when all the Levell between that and Holland lyes so much lower that the River is kept off by huge Piles of wood lest it should overflow the Fields and Villages it had been very inconsiderate to have fortified where the Enemy tearing up the Wood-piles the very water would have besieged the Place and have forced it to yield To which danger it is not subject being seated on the higher ground Though afterwards when the Low-countreys were divided and Holland brought into the power of the Enemy that fell out which was not at first thought of the Advantage of bringing into the Fort Supplyes out of the Provinces in obedience to the King of Spaine At the same time from the councell of Twelve nominated by Alva to determine without Appeale the causes of all Delinquents in the late Tumults by reason of their frequent Sentences of Death called the Councell of Bloud William Nassau Prince of Orange Anthony Lalin Count Hochstrat Florence Pallantius Count Culemburg William Count Bergen Henry Brederod and the other Lords fled out of the Low-countreys were upon Alva's command summoned to heare their Accusations and Impeachments read by the King's Advocate and to cleare themselves of the crimes charged against them But they presently sending a Paper to the Duke of Alva wherein they denyed his Councell to be a lawfull Court of their Companions of the Golden Fleece held it their safest course at a distance to defend their Common cause The Prince of Orange made suite to the Emperour Maximilian and implored his and the German Princes Assistance that by their Authority the Difference wit the Duke of Alva might be composed Unlesse perhaps he did it that under pretence of making his Peace the Spaniard might not looke into his preparations for a Warre Nor did Caesar or the Princes of the Empire deny their Patronage to the Low-country-men But the Duke of Alva answered to the Letters written by Maximilian and to the Duke of Bavaria's Embassadour whom the rest of the German Lords as one respected by the King had chosen to represent their Desires to the Governour that he did not this of himselfe but by command from the King and so hastning their cause to a Hearing yet expecting the number of dayes given for their Appearance when within that time none of them came in the Duke of Alva according to the power deputed to him by the King in that case to heare and determine pronounced the Prince of Orange his Brother Lewis and the rest that were summoned by Edict guilty of High Treason and confiscated their Estates Likewise he put a Spanish Garrison into Breda a Towne of the Prince of Orang'es and taking his Son Philip-William a Child of thirteene yeares old from the Vniversity of Lovaine where he was a Student sent him into Spaine where under the name of Catholique Education the name of Hostage was concealed This the Prince of Orange seemed passionately to resent execrating with continuall and publique Exclamations the cruelty used to a boy of thirteen whom neither his own Innocence nor the priviledges of the Vniversity of Lovaine could protect from Injury Yet many upon very good Grounds conceived his Son's Captivity was pleasing to this subtill Prince measuring all things by his own Advantage For if the King of Spaine prevailed and consequently he himselfe should lose all he had yet his Majesty might be mercifull to the boy bred up a Spaniard but if as he hoped it should otherwise fall out he had a younger Son Maurice Companion in his Father's Fortune and Heire to his Estate By the said Councell of twelve all such were particularly condemned as the Duke of Alva upon Examination by Inquisitours sent through the Provinces found to have violated Churches or holy Pictures or to have assembled at Sermons Consistoryes and turbulent meetings or to have conspired against the King either by wearing Cognizances and owning the names of Gheuses or by taking Armes or lastly by assisting the Rebells with their Endeavours Counsels or Forces Yet the wiser sort thought this to be an unseasonable Course and that rather till the Heads had been cut off the Body should have been gently handled and laid in a sleepe lest if it should be in motion that agility might easily decline the blow made at the head With the like fury the Duke of Alva commanded them to pull down Culemburg-House Where the Gheuses first received their Denomination and upon the place setting a Marble-pillar writ upon the Basis as a monument to posterity in foure Languages these words In this Area stood the House of Florence Pallantius ruined in memory of the execrable Treason hatched therein at sever all times against Religion the Roman Catholique Church their King and Countrey This Spectacle was rendred more horrid by the late newes from Spaine that Prince Charles was imprisoned by the King his Father's command and that Florence Momorancy sent as you have heard into Spaine by the Governesse was by warrant from the King a Prisoner in Segovia It was thought the same objections were against him that were against his Brother Count Horne but the Prince lost himselfe by his Favours to the Low-countrey-men Indeed the Judgement upon Montiny was certainly known he being condemned a yeare after to lose his Head but the cause of Prince Charles his Death which hapned in this yeare the more uncertaine and obscure it was the more litigiously do Writers strive to examine it most men having a naturall Ambition to search into Secrets and passe by things before their eyes Whatsoever I my selfe have by my Industry discovered that concernes Prince Charles I shall impartially unfold not regarding the conceptions of others Charles prince of Spaine was of a furious and violent nature and noted to be so from his Childhood at which time being presented by some Hunters with Levorets he killed them with his owne hands that he might have the pleasure of seeing them gaspe and dye The Venetian Embassadoâ—r tooke notice thereof and from thence made a Iudgment of the Child 's barbarous inclination with as much probability as long agoe the Areopagites censured the Boy that put forth the eyes of Quailes This I have read in the Letters touching the Affayres of Spaine writt by the said Embassadour to the Senate of Venice And the Prince himselfe dayly manifested the truth of these coniectures by his cruell and monstrous disposition not being at many times Master of himselfe as the Archbishop of Rossana the Popes Nuntio affimed writing to Cardinall Alexandrino And the Child grew more headstrong by reason of his Father's absence and the indulgence of Maximilian King of Bohemia who with his Queene Mary Daughter to Charles the fifth governed Spaine for King Philip. This his Granfather Charles the
restored their Churches to the Catholiques as they did Noâ— was it lesse needfull to give some way to them at Tournay and in Tournacese the Hereticks being there the stronger party That they justly opposed the Cardinall as pernicious to the Government of the Provinces That Casembrot was retained in Egmont's Family for the Service he undertooke to do against the Church-Robbers That Tournay being then well pacified had no use for Beavor and therefore they consulted about sending him away especially being requested so to doe by those of Flanders Thus in order severally and respectively they answered to the other parts of their Impeachment which if I should but run over would be an infinite worke Count Hornes particular charge consisting of 600. heades How they cleared themselves I define not Truly I know many of those very Objections were made against them both to his Majesty by the Governesse Nay their designe of dividing the Provinces I find to be discovered euen by the Bishop of Osnaburg in Westphalia who gave intelligence thereof to the Governesse by Cobell one of his Councell adding that he heard it long since from Count Suarzemburg cosen to the Prince of Orange and by George Holly a German Colonell when they were merry at Supper where they said the King of Denmarke would put in for a share All which the Governesse inserted in her Letters to the King as we have related in the yeare 66. Notwithstanding the people giving their Judgement either out of hatred to the Duke of Alva or out of love to Count Egmont acquitted him and laid all the fault upon Alva as one that envied Egmont his old Rivall in the Warres They likewise reported that he bare a grudge to Count Egmont because long since the Count won many thousand Crownes of him at Dice and afterwards in a publique Solemnity when they shot at markes for a wager the Duke of Alva lost it the Low-countrey-men shouting for Joy that one of their Nation had the victory over a Spanish Generall Which Stories either false or little trifling matters yet remembred by the vulgar were brought in to foment their pitty And I verily believe in the processe of this Triall a greater Odium was cast upon the Duke then he deserved Nay I have read how it was affirmed by very worthy men that after their sentence was brought out of Spaine Alva wrote to the King that he was every day slower to put it in execution because he fore-saw what mischiefe would insue and that the King incensed against Egmont partly for the promise of his Faith made when he was in Spaine but not performed partly for the many complaints against him writ to his Majesty by the Governesse and aggravated by Cardinall Spinosa then the great man at Court blamed the Duke of Alva's Slackness commanded him according to former Order forwith to dispatch him Yet the Duke deferred execution til the Prince of Orange invading Brabant he was forced to meet him with his Army Perhaps this Relation may not gaine like credit with all persons but howsoever no man's Malice to Alva shall deterre me from writing what I have from good hands receive'd As also the peoples Favour to Egmont shall not make me omit the clearing him of a Crime which I find by many obiected against him That he received great Summs of money which made him winke at diverse things acted in his Provinces such as he being a military man and not considering of what dangerous consequence they were to Religion did not imagine to be so preiudiciall to the Church Yet this offence not touched in his Impeachment wherein nothing was pretermitted either by negligence or out of Favour I suppose to be a Fiction Howsoever Egmont and Horne were brought from Gant to Bruxells the third of June and by the Duke of Alva President of the Councell of twelve the King having inabled him by peculiar Commission to exercise Authority over the Knights of the Golden-Fleece Sentence of Death was pronounced against them and Martin Rithovius Bishop of Ipres sent to acquaint them with it and assist them in their â—ast necessity And Egmont though it much troubled him he should come to an end so farre below his Merits yet collecting himselfe as became a Valiant man and only carefull of his Wife and Children wrote in French to the King The Copy of which Letter sent by Christopher Assonvill to the Governesse I here give you Sir since you are pleased that Sentence of Death must passe upon your humble and faithfull Subiect and Servant who never aimed at any thing but your Majestyes Service for advancement whereof as my past Actions testify I neither spared my paines nor fortunes but to a thousand dangers have exposed my life which never was so pretious to me but that if it might any way be offensiue to your Majesty I would a hundred times before this have exchanged it for death Therefore I doubt not but when you shall fully understand the Carriage of Businesse in these parts you will clearly perceiue how iniuriously I have beene used whilst they have perswaded your Majesty against me in things that never entred my Imagination I call God to witnesse and I pray that he will revenge it upon my soule that must this day appeare before his Iudgment-Seat if I have neglected any part of that which I beleive'd to be my Duty towards my King and Country I therefore beseech you Sir I that shall petition your Majesty no more that for the Reward of all my painefull Services you will please a little to commiserate my Wife and eleven Children with the rest of my Family which I have commended to some few Friends yet left me And presuming your Majesty out of your native Clemency will not deny me this I go to suffer death which I willingly imbrace assuring my selfe my end will give many satisfaction From Bruxells the fifth of Iune at two of the clock after midnight in the yeare 1568. Your Majesties most humble most faithfull and most obedient Subject and Servant prepared to dye Lamorall Egmont This Letter for the King hee gave to the Bishop of Ipres and confessing his sinnes to him spent the rest of the night in reconciling himselfe to God and arming of his minde to suffer The like did Count Horne assisted by the same Prelate and other Divines In the morning being Whitsun-Eve a Scaffold hung with blacks was set up in the Market-Place guarded with the Regiment of Iuliano Romero whereon were laid two Cushions before a silver Crucifix About Nooneday Count Egmont was brought thither accompanied with the Bishop of Ipres and Romero after some few prayers he put off his Damaske-Gowne threw away his Hatt and speaking a few words to the Bishop fell upon his knees before the Crucifix and his night-cap being pulled over his eyes the Executioner that lurked under the Scaffold and was once as it is said his
among the rest had impeached and condemned the Prince of Orange then he joyned the common cause as he strove to make it with his owne and openly tooke up Armes safe in point of reputation because there was one to whose execrated name the Warre would be imputed But the Cities being terrified with the suddaine punishment inflicted by the Duke the Prince of Orange found by experience that in the new Impression of a feare whose first Fit is the strongest and by continuance lessens till it be shooke off it is to no purpose so long as the humour that hath weakened the people is undigested to sollicit them to rebell But when the Cities as well those that continued faithfull to the Spaniard as those that stood suspected were pressed to pay Taxes the hatred of the Generality increasing overcame their Feare the people growing more confident when they heard that the Duke of Alva must be gone Then the Prince of Orange knew his time was come for maturing a Rebellion and founding of that Government which he had long designed Therefore whilst Alva fixt all his Care upon raising the Taxes the Prince of Orange laid hold of the opportunity to draw the people from their obedience to the King and incouraged by the secret Intelligence which he had with many Townes ready to revolt levied Souldiers at his leisure and kindled such a fire of Warre in the Low-countreys as for so many yeares space could never be put out with the ruines of battered Cities nor extinguished with a torrent of bloud The Warre was begun upon the Sea of Holland as if they had now already found their strength and were sensible from the very first in what part they should establish their Dominion And notwithstanding this Rebellion was often intended and attempted by the Gheuses as well those of Corporations called the City Gheuses as the High-way-men called the Wood Gheuses yet the Water Gheuses for so they were commonly called were they whose fortunate Audacity carried it The Commander in chiefe of these Water Gheuses was Count William a Marcha Baron of Lumè professing his enmity to the Duke of Alva in his Colours wherein was painted ten pieces of money to inflame the fury of his men by putting them in mind of the tenth part The first that tooke Commissions with him were William Blosius Treslong Lancelot bastard Son to Brederod Bartholomew Entese Sonoi and diverse others These had Letters of Mart from the Prince of Orange and orders to scoure and rob the Sea-Coast of Holland and Friezland And out of hatred to the Spaniard and desire of Free-boote whereof the Prince of Orange was to have a fifth part they executed their Orders and robbed from the mouth of the Ems to the English narrow Seas where if at any time they met with Ships too strong for them or fled before a Tempest they commonly secured themselves in some English Harbour But the Queene her selfe refusing to protect them as common Enemies upon request made to her by the Duke of Alva they having boarded and taken a Biscaner were by tempest driven into Vorna an Isle of Holland the People supposing them to be Merchants cast upon that Coast by the Storme Where imboldened by their late perills they fell upon the Brill a Port-towne of Zeland and before the Townsmen were aware that they brought Warre not Merchandise with unimaginable successe no man resisting they tooke the Place upon Palme-Sunday and Lumè leading them on broke the Saintes Images in pieces and omitting no kind of Irreverence to holy things or Orders so fortified the Ports that when Count Bolduc Governour of Holland by Alvas Command came against them they not only gave him a strong Repulse but likewise Willam Treslong with incredible Confidence fired some of his Ships accidentally severed from the Fleete Vpon report of the taking of this Isle as if the Scarlet Colours had beene hung out for Signall of battaile to the Provinces t is not to be told what wonderfull changes through all the Low-countreys immediately insued For many Cityes favoured the Covenanteers some invited them others stood neutrall and would neither admit of Alva nor revolt from the King A few were sensible of their Allegeance and tooke armes for the Spaniard Dort the Chiefe City of Holland when Count Bolduc fled thither and demanded entrance for his men it being cunningly given out that the Spaniards were upon their March to distraine for the tenth part would not let him in but shut their Gates against him as an enemy Vlushing a port Towne of Zeland and the bulwarke of the Ocean upon an Exhortation at Masse made to them on Easter day in the morning by the Parish Priest who hated the Spaniard perswaded them to maintaine their Liberty turned out the Spanish Garrison with such a popular fury as they hanged Colonell Alvarez Pacecho Kinsman to the Duke of Alva at Treslong's request in revenge as hee said of his Brothers death foure yeares before beheaded by Alva's Order and the Hereticks themselves were earnest to have him put to death that Vlushing might not hope for pardon from the Governour 's just Anger A while after Enchuysen lying over against Friezland which among the chiefe Ports of Holland had till then continued loyall revolted from the Duke Enchuysens example was follwed by Horne Alcmar Edam and other Townes of North-Hollandt And in South Hollandt Goude Oudewater Leyden Gorcom So that besides Amsterdam and Schoonhoven that were still faithfull to the Spaniard the Duke of Alva lost almost all Holland and a great part of Zeland which had so shaken off the terrour of his name that they wrote publique Libells against him and assoone as Brill was taken pictured him with a paire of Spectacles put upon his Nose by Lumè standing behind his back for the Low-Duch call Spectacles Brills and they have a jeering Proverb when they hamper a man that they put Spectacles on his nose and a Snaffle in his mouth These Figures therefore signifyed that Alvas Severity was now bridled But they that made them little dreamed what a world of Mischiefe hung over their heads in the hand of this great Generall one that despised such ridiculous toyes And though some of the Cityes I have named wavered at the very first resolved to rebell not resolved to whom they should submit yet partly despairing out of the greatnesse of their crimes committed against the Church and Churchmen partly out of an obstinate determination never to indure the new Taxes they finally came in to the prince of Orange and as if he had beene their Kinge Lumè moving it tooke an oath of Fidelity to him From him they received their Garrisons Shipping and Armes he disposed of all places of Government made Lawes bestowed an ordered the Revenues taken from the Clergy such Multitudes out of France and Great Britaine flocking
who fortunately managing the War amidst the great discords of the Portugeses forced the Magistrates and Nobility to sweare Allegeance to the King of Spaine Wherein whilst the Duke overtoyled himselfe at Lisbon he fell desperately sicke the King comming often to visit him on his death bed and the Sacraments being adminnistred to him by Lewis of Granada a wise and religious man he departed this Life Whose death with many other Funeralls hapning in the height of that Prosperity grieved the King so much that he was heard to say he ne-never had greater experience of the incertainty of humane things because when his fortunes were raised to so high a pitch by the addition of many Kingdomes he was then deprived of the Heire apparent to his Crowne of the Queene his Wife and of this his great and faithfull Generall And truely the Duke of Alva descended from great Warriours had military Prudence by a kind of Inheritance His Father was that Garzia who in the African Warre being created Admirall in the Isle of Gerben where about 3000. Spaniards fell by the Sword and Famine whilst he together with Pedro Navarr Generall of the Land-forces endeavoured to stop the flight of his men wresting a Pike out of the hand of a common Souldier and valiantly fighting with it was slaine by the Moores His Grandâ—Father was Federico Cosen German to King Ferdinand who as he was more active then his Son Garzia so he did more gallant things For he gloriously put an end to the Warre of Granada where he was Generall of the Royall Betick Army and with the same courage defended the Appennine and all the Borders of Spaine against the French Lastly it was his fortune to joyne the Crowne of Navarre to the Spanish Empire But Alva himselfe farre transcended all his Ancestours in the vertues of a Generall The Age wherein he lived had not any other that commanded in chiefe so long and in such various places The common saying among Souldiers that a good Generall is never long-lived was sufficiently confuted by the Two great Generalls of that time Annas Momorancy Constable of France and this of whom we speak Ferdinando Duke of Alva Both of them constantly followed the Warres from their Infancy even to their decrepit Age he being almost fourescore this 74. yeares old inlarging their honours by continuall imployments Momorancy under foure Kings of France fought eight Battailes in foure wherof he commanded in chiefe Alva serving the Emperour Charles the fifth and his Son King Philip in Germany Africa Italy the Low-countreys and Portugall was Generall in the greatest expeditions But the French man was more active by the Genius of his Nation by his owne more unfortunate as being seldome Master of the Field three times taken prisoner and at last slaine The Spaniard oftner by delaies then Fighting gained glory out of the Successe of his Actions In warlike Abilities they are accompted rather equall then like But Alva was as good a Souldier at Court as in the Field Who though he was by nature and continuall conversation in the Campe growne rough and like a Soudier either carelessely regarded not or proudly contemned the Offices of Court-shippe which gave offence to some yet Princes dislike not their Ministers Austerity rendring them inaccessible to the subtill Flatterer And Alva by that Souldier's freedome speaking as if he would fight for his Master as well at home as in the Field advanced himselfe in the King's favour merited by his Fidelity and long service Yet by this kind of favour he got more private estimation then publique honour So that when he was called from banishment to be Generall in the Warre with Portugall though he was an earnest Suiter to the King that in his March he might kisse his Royall hand being not yet fully assured of his Pardon his Request was denyed And at the same time when the Nobility of Spaine were sent for by the King to sweare Allegiance to Didaco Prince of Spaine though the Duke moved for Leave to be present at the Solemnity yet the same sterne nature of the King would not admit him So much his Majesty confided in the man he thought that Alva might be uncertaine of his Favour yet He secure of the Fidelity of Alva Whose obedient Loyalty seemes to merit the Honour he had to die in the King 's speciall Grace in his Court and almost in his Armes and having to his owne wishes ended the Warre among the Applauses of victory to be carried to his Grave in Triumph Undoubtedly he was comparable to the antient Generalls in military Abilities if the Odium he contracted by too much Rigour Pride and Scorne of others as at present it obstructed the Current of his Vertues had not likewise taken off something of their reputation with Posterity Lodovico Requesenes Great Comendador of Castile Governour of the Lowcountreys The Historie of the LOW-COVNTREY WARRES The eighth Book IN the beginning of the year 1574 Ludovico Requesenes great Commendador of the Knights of Saint Iago in the Province of Castile began his government most men conceiving extraordinary hopes of him grounded as well upon his Civil as Military Prudence appearing in the course of his great employments both in Peace and Warre It was likewise believed that with his facilitie and modestie virtues set off by comparison with the Duke of Alva he would exceedingly gain upon the Low-countrey mens affections Nor was he himself negligent of fame but partly upon Designe partly by the Kings Command endeavoured to make himself popular And the people were presently much taken with him for punishing the Insolencies of some Garrison Souldiers but especially for pulling down and removing out of sight the armed statue of the Duke of Alva his other statue by the Kings Command being sent for into Spain to the Antwerpers very great contentment Insomuch that some were glad his statue had been erected that they might see his punishment in the demolishing and carrying it away But Requesenes for all this could not raise the Rebels from their siege of Middelburgh That Citie the head not onely of Walcharen but of all the Isles of Zeland was yet kept by Colonel Mondragonio who with frequent sallies and little fights rather to make show of confidence then out of any reall trust in his own strength had now for almost two years defended it against the Zelanders To mollifie that people incensed against Alva but said to be well-affected to the new Governour when Requesenes had often sent them very kind Letters by messengers assuring them of the Kings mercy all would not do for having made themselves masters of many small Towns the successe ticing them on they placed greater hopes in their own stubbornness then in the Kings unfruitfull mercy and according to the custome of the world held it better to be knaves and gain by it then
proudly threatned to mutiny Don Iohn who had resolved to shew his clemency to the Town dismissed the messenger not without some hope Then to separate the rest of that Battalion from the seditious companies he commanded their faithfull and valiant Colonell Count Megan with that part which was not involved in the crime taking along divers companies besides them out of other Regiments instantly to march towerds Bruxells and Antwerp as if from thence the enemie was feared By which separation the Mutineers without their fellows help left naked were presently environed as enemies by the whole Army First they were commanded to lay down their arms then to deliver the Authours of the mutiny Twelve they delivered up out of those were chosen eight by lots of those eight four by the same chance were to die for so many Don Iohn resolved to punish Yet at the earnest suit of severall Nations petitioning for the particular men two were even at deaths door pardone and two onely remained to suffer But one of these an old souldier and ever untill that day faithfull going to die with one that never did service shewed his scarrs and alledging not falsely his deserts being generally pitied wars pardoned upon the humble desire of certain noble Spaniards One sacrifice finally expiating the offence of All and quieting the sedition That done he returned to the treaty with Nivel which was soon concluded in this manner The Citizens indemnified were received into grace The Garrison leaving except their swords all their arms ammunition and baggage were permitted to depart Which arms and baggage Don Iohn bestowed upon the French to make amends for their losse in the assault and some kind of satisfaction for the plunder of the Town which in their hopes they had devoured But the Bountie was to many of them fatall For the French breaking into the Palace of Justice where these Arms were kept and in despight of their Officers fighting for their shares not a few were wounded in the mean time a spark by chance falling from a souldiers match into a Flask of Pouder and with the flash firing the priming pans of the Muskets that lay on heaps and were by the enemie left charged almost an hundred and twenty were slain outright or miserably maimed and bloudying the Palace with an unexspected slaughterdearly paid for their rashness and precipitate avarice Renewing the memory of that misfortune which in this very Province befell their countrey-men who the while their Generall treated with the inhabitants of Cimace about the render of the Town scaling the walls in hope of plunder as they ran about the Castle which they had surprized the pouder taking fire almost two hundred of the plunderers were burnt But at Nivel the rest of the French on what motive is uncertain desired the Generalls leave to depart Whether angry with their own unfortunate miscarriage in the siege of Nivel so as they could not brook the sight of their fellow-souldiers or whether losing their hopes of pillage which drew them to it before the Army came up and therefore discontented that the Generall had been so quick in giving them conditions and had onely that his clemency might be famed spared a Town deserving to be sack'd or lastly whether as I rather think induced thereto by the States Emissaries which perswading them that the Kings brother the Duke of Alengon would come into the Low-countreys to oppose Don Iohn won them to his service I am sure the Spaniard found that most of them two moneths after returned enemies out of France Whatsoever their reasons were Don Iohn willingly dismissed them whom though gallant souldiers yet impatient of military Discipline especially under a Spanish Generall he could hardly govern withall being covetous and making high demands he as it often happens to avoid their ill opinions sometimes gave more lest he should be suspected to give lesse then they deserved But almost six hundred of these men that a while after came back from France to serve the enemie had as evil fortune as advice For surprizing some villages in the entrance of Haynolt whilst they feast and think themselves secure Camillo a Monte falling upon their quarters who for his speedier march brought three hundred Horse with every one a Musketteer behind him presenting death before battell killed above two hundred of them The rest valiantly fighting made good their retreat into the neighbouring Castle of Avena under the command of Randulpho Cenamio a Luccese To whom Camillo sent Laurentio Tuccio Cenamio's old friend for they were Comrades in the Wars of France with Sana Martinengo and Sacramono Birago in hope he might perswade him to surrender After a short parley broke off with some hot language Cenamio in a hostile manner though wounded and bleeding sent him away professing he would sooner part with his life then with the Castle Whereupon Camillo more enraged had now drawn out his men to the assault But not daring without Cannon to adventure upon the Castle new garrison'd by the French he marched back to the Army that was at the same time with strange celerity victorious over Haynolt For after the render of Nivel divers strong places of that Province within fifteen dayes yielded to the King Binch sometimes the delight of Mary Queen of Hungary and therefore exposed to the hatred of Henry the second of France It is reported a stone was there found engraven by King Henry in revenge of his House defaced by Queen Mary with these words Bedlam-Queen remember Foblembre Likewise Malbuge upon the river of Sambre Reux Beaumont Soigniac Barlamont and other towns though little yet verie commodious for quartering the Armie in Haynolt Cimace the Principality of Duke Areschot stormed and the Castle rendred upon these conditions That the Governour should march out safe on horseback with his sword and dagger the souldiers that were six hundred in the same manner onely the Foot were to leave the rest of their arms and baggage But at Philipvil a new city of Haynolt onely thirty three years old yet by the site and fortification very strong for keeping off the incursions of the French the Armie was more put to it then in any other place Philipvil stands in a great plain upon somwhat a rising ground its circumference is very narrow but defended with five sconces encompassed with high walls lined thick with earth to damp the Cannon-bullets and guarded with a marvellous broad ditch Don Iohn considering all this delivered his opinion that it was not to be assaulted with the Sword but with the Spade the old and faithfull instrument for taking places fortified all our great souldiers even at this day when we are grown so much more ingenuous then our Ancestours in multiplying the engins of death being not able to invent a surer way to ruine walls which are lesse endangered
Alencon and Prince Casimir should be comprehended in the Articles of peace That the province of Limburg and whatsoever Don Iohn had taken either by Force or Rendition in Brabant and Haynolt should before the end of August be restored to the States extreamely offended at these insolent demands Don Iohn as he used to do communicated his Resentment to the Prince of Parma He though he denied not the conditions to be indeed very unjust yet said It would be much worse if the States despairing of a peace with Spaine should put into the hands of the King of France the Frontier provinces which he had so oft attempted It was to be considered that even Charles the fifth and how great an Emperour was he could hardly cleare those Provinces of the French only What should the King's Forces do at the present commanded indeed by a Son to Charles the fifth but with a lesse number of men both against the French Nation and two other powerfull Armies His opinion was therefore that the Commissioners should be put in hope of peace till the King's pleasure was knowne as to those proposalls which if he accepted no doubt but in his wisdome he would provide another place worthy of his Brother but if looking upon their basenesse he rejected them then in case the Confederates were prosecuted with more severity hereafter his Majesty could not accuse his Brother and the Army as desirous to keepe the Warre afoote Don Iohn though he did not much feare the Confederates knowing them to be oppressed with their own multitude and understanding that Prince Casimir's Army marched in a body by themselves because they refused to obey Count Bolduc Generall for the States Yet constrained for want of men and money besides his Sicknesse both of body and mind which is able to breake the greatest Spirit and forcibly to cast it downe upon considerations at other times contemptible He resolved to follow Alexander Farneze's Counsell Though in his Letters to the King certifying their Propositions he with some bitternesse complained That the Rebells confidence received Incouragement out of Spaine and the Assistance promised to him by his Majesty was from time to time put off and when he intreated money only a returne was made of words wherewith a Warre cannot be managed unlesse they imagine that he is able out of Words to extract Gold He therefore humbly beseeched his Majesty either to subdue the Enemy or at least not to suffer the Generall of his Royall Army so unhandsomly to conclude a peace In the interim he commanded Serbellonio speedily to advance the Trenches which he had a while before designed not farre from Namure Don Iohn had chosen that ground upon the Hill of Buge close by the River Mose induced by convenience of the place and his Father's example who being pursued by Henry of France with three great Armies brought his Forces then very small to this ground and here intrenching secured them And now Serbellonio quick both at raising and defending workes had finished most of the Redoubts and drawne about a line by the directions of Scipio Campio of Pisaura an Engineer not inferiour to his Father Bartholomeo slaine at the Siege of Harlem where overtoiled with hasty labour or struck with a pestilentiall aire he fell dangerously sicke At the same time Don Iohn having now brought all his Army within the Trenches except the Horse which Octavio Gonzaga had 〈◊〉 upon the neighbouring Villages his owne sicknesse increasing would needs be carryed into the Campe. Both of them kept their beds and their Fitts tooke and left them in the same manner But the Physitians made farre different Iudgments of their two patients For they all and there was a whole Colledge of them either deceiving others or deceived themselves pronounced that Don Iohn would certainely recover but Sonbellonio could not possibly escape with life And what they said was credible enough this being aboue 73 yeares old he not yet 33 and yet when the young man dyed the old man was perfectly well againe Whereupon Hippolyto Pennonio grew into great Esteeme formerly commended by Duke Octavio for Physitian in Ordinary to his Son Prince Alexander who durst against the whole pack of those Doctours affirme that Serbellonio would live and Don Iohn die of that disease For which a long while being jeered and scorned he became thereby better knowne to the People and finally more honoured Vpon the day of Saint Matthew the Evangelist on which very day was twentie yeares dyed the Emperour Charles the fifth Don Iohn as if by remembring of his Fathers death he were minded of a time a like fatall to himselfe easting off all humane Cares transferred the whole Power of Peace and Warre upon Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma and in case he should dye declared him Governour of the Low-countreys and Generall of the Army till the King should otherwise determine And truly Prince Alexander doubted for a while whether he should undergo the Burthen not ignorant how miserable and broken a Province he must have and withall how much it would reflect upon his Honour if perhaps the King did not confirme upon him that Assignement It being more Disreputation to fall from a place of Eminence then never to have beene advanced Yet that he preserred his Faith to God and the King he writes to his Mother calling God to Witnesse that he should justly thinke himselfe a Traitour if when they had such an Increase of Enemyes and no Generall he should have deserted the Kings Army in that Conjuncture of time wherein undoubtedly all the remaining Catholique Religion and Allegeance to his Majesty would have beene indangered And forasmuch as the Duke of Parma did not very well like this Resolution of his Son 's nor gave Assent to his Acceptance of the Regency but reproved him for his overmuch confidence Prince Alexander at length answered his Father in these Words Sir Whereas in your Wisdome your Excellence thought fitt to admonish me as if I were gone too farre in accepting of that Government which by my endeavours should rather have beene transfer'd upon the Royall Senate of the Low-countreys it is no more then I my selfe imagined as when I wrote of Don Iohn of Austria's Sicknesse I signifyed to your Excellence But when I called to minde that after the death of the greate Comendador the Lowcountreys were undone by that very Trust of the Royall Power is the Senates hands which Ruine in all mens opinions had never hapned to the Provinces if his Successour had beene forthwith nominated And when I plainly saw the Losse of this Catholique Army without a Generall to be inevitable by reason of the feuds among the Lords and their discordant mindes some drawing one way some another and daily more slack in asserting the Kings Right and which is yet more considerable one or two of the greatest in his Army
his Fashion and Example So as the wearing of long haire esteemed so much for many Ages in one man's Imitation was by all left off And also first Don Iohn because the haire on the left side of his temples grew upright used with his hand to put away all the haire from his fore-head and because that baring of the Fore-head looked handsome in him thence came the Fashion of combing and keeping the haire up in somuch as that kind of Foretop is in some places called an Austrian Finally in the last Scene of his life Don Iohn himselfe wished to be like his Father and as He resigning his Kindomes hid himselfe in solitude among the Hieronymites at Saint Iustus so Don Iohn a few months before his death would have done among the Hermits of Mount Serrat in Spaine for ever after to serve God who as he said would and could do more then his Brother Philip. Which Determination whether it was the issue of Piety or of the improsperous Successe of his Affaires I cannot easily distinguish Nor must omit that wherein Don Iohn of Austria farr exceeded his Father Charles the fifth the Purity of Mind which his Governesse the Lady Vlloa had so inamoured him of from his Infancy that all his Life long he persevered in it and could not rest quiet if never so little a Sinne lay upon his Conscience Therefore twice every Month which was his constant course he came to Confession his Soule being a true Prince that could not brooke the basest Servitude Nay he never undertooke any Expedition or fought battaile but first by an exact Confession of his Sinnes he implored God's Mercy Which Care of himselfe in a Prince tempted to greatest license by his age handsomenesse and Place of Generall I suppose will be so much the more esteemed by how much this Piety is rarâ—r amongst Souldiers and by how much a Circumspection of this nature uses not to be alone nor unattended by a traine of many Vertues Moreover if one should adde this to his military Praises and diversity of Warres that before he had beene trained a Souldier he commanded as a Generall and to the Immensenesse of his Courage that he was never daunted by any Enemy either greater in number or reported by Force to be invincible and to his Felicity in all battailes that he came off perpetually a Conquerour at least never conquered truly wee may justly number Don Iohn among the most valiant and fortunate Generalls that ever were The day after his Death the Colonells of severall Nations contended which of them in the funerall Pompe should have precedence as Bearers of the Corps The Spaniards pretended because they were the Kings Countreymen The Germans because Don Iohn was their Countreyman The Low-countreymen disputed the Prerogatiue of the Place But the Prince of Parma instantly decided the Controversy in this manner That his maeniall Servants should carry the Body out of the Court where it should be received by the Colonells of that Nation whose Quarters in the Field used to be next the Generalls they were to deliver it to others and those againe to others that quarter'd farther off In this Order the Horse and Foote marching on either side the Corps in compleat Armour was carryed from the Campe at Buge to Namure with a Crowne upon his Head according to the funerall Ceremonies of the ancient Princes of the House of Burgundy Though others because diverse Irish Lords with the Popes Consent had offered him the Kingdome of Ireland which he would not accept till he knew whether it would be approved of by King Philip imagined out of that respect this Marke of a King was given to his Modesty His bed was stiâ—l supported by Colonells and Captaines of that Nation whose Horse followed the Corps fresh men still easing the wearyed of their burthen till it came to the Magistrate of Namure Foure Mourners attended the body Peter Ernest Count Mansfeldt Campe. Master Octavio Gonzaga Generall of the Horse Pedro de Toledo Marquesse of Villa-Francha and Iohn Croi Count of Reuse this a principall Commander among the Low-countreymen he among the Spaniards each of them holding in their hands a corner of the Herse-Cloth A Regiment of Foote as the custome is went before with their Pikes and Muskets reversed coloâ—rs furled and all the other Complements of Sorrow Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma followed in close Mourning with a heart sadder then his Robes excepting only so farre as the care of the distressed Army delivered to him diverted the current of his Griefe The funerall State ending in the great Church at Namure and Don Iohn's bowells being there buryed Prince Alexander laid his Vncles body in a temporary Tombe expecting what Commands the King would send from Spaine For at his Death Don Iohn desired three things might in his name be moved to his Majesty That he would command his body to be buryed in in the Sepulchre of Charles the fifth That his Mother and brother by her might be received into his Royall Protection And that he would remunerate the Service of his Followes whom he had long sustained with hope with some reall Bounty he himselfe having not had wherewith to pay them He made no Mention at all which is wonderfull of his Daughters For Don Iohn had two Daughters Anne and Ioane this at Naples by Diana Phalanga a Surrentine Lady that at Madrid by Maria Mendona a Maide of an illustrious Family and Beauty Anne was privately bred by Magdalena Vlloa Don Iohn's owne Foster-Mother and went from thence after she was seven years old to a Nunnery of holy Virgins at Madrigall Ioane for allmost as long a time was educated by the Dutchesse of Parma Sister to Don Iohn after whose death she sent her to be bred up in a Monastery of the Order of Saint Clare at Naples But She by Command from the King was translated from Madrigall to Burgo's a House of Benedictin Nunnes whose perpetuall Abbesse she was chosen This after she had lived twentie yeares in the Cloister at Naples was at last married into Sicilie to Prince Butero Both these Ladyes in one yeare in one Month only not upon one day deceased But I believe Don Iohn among those Particulars which at his death he commended to the King said nothing of his Daughters because he thought the King knew not of them for they were so privately and cautiously brought up that Alexander Farneze to whom he imparted all his other Secrets knew not of one of these The other had long since beene discovered to him not by Don Iohn but by his owne Mother Margaret of Austria which was the Cause that when Don Iohn lay upon death-bed Prince Alexander durst not desire him to commend that Daughter to the King lest he might put him to the Blush or seeme willing by such Commendations to free his
Centron l. 5. p. 119. What was acted in that meeting ibid. They frame a new Petition to the Governesse l. 5. p. 12â— They plunder Churches l. 5. p. 121. The Geâ—tlemen Gheuses consent to the Destruction of Churches l. 5. p. 127. Their Threats against the Governesse l. 7. p. 129. From whom they Extort some grants l. 5. p. 130. They are slain at the battel neer Austervell l. 6. p. 4. The Tornay Gheuses take up arms l. 6. p. 6. are defeated at Lanoi l. 6. p. 7. Are made true Gheuses beggar l. 6. p. 21. They leave their Couâ—try ibid. are receiv'd into grace ibid. Sentenc'd by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 42. The Wood Gheuses rob by the high way l. 7. p. 59. The Water Gheuses l. 7. p. â—1 Their General and chief Officers ibid. turn Pirats ibid. are forbid the English Ports ibid. Take Brill l 7. p. 12. Destroy all things sacred ibid. Beat off the Spaniards ibid. Plunder Amorssort l. 7. p. 75. Are beat from Amsterdam l. 10. p. 5. vide Gentlemen Covenanters Ghibercius one of the Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. Ghisella a Covenanter ibid. Giles or Aegidius Clarke a Lawyer of Tornay l. 5. p. 100 127 141. Giles Smissart a Lapidary l. 8. p. 14. Giovanni Baptista Castaneo Archbishop of Rossana the Popes Legate l. 5. p. 132. His Relation to Cardinall Alexandrino of the Commitment death of Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 43. Giovanni Baptista Marquesse a Monte Commander of horse at the Battel of Mooch l. 8. p. 43. a Girle of three years old buried dig'd up again â—nd eaten by her parents l. 7. p. 10. Gisbert together with his brother Batenburg runs away is taken and executed Glime Vice-Admiral of the Belgick sea l. 6. p. 19. defeated and slain Ibid. Glime Governour of Wallon-Barbant takes the Senators out of the house and imprisons them l. 8. p. 26. is routed by the Spaniard l. 8. p. 21. His Enmity with the Prince of Orange l. 10. p. 9. Glimè the Marquesse vide Iohn Glimè Marquesse of 〈◊〉 Gniffius Bishop of Groninghen or the Groine l. 7. p. 58. Godfrey Sterch Pretor of Antwerp l. 3. p. 66. Goes in Zeland is reliev'd l. 7. p. 77 78. The Sea warled over to Goes ibid. Gargni vide Anthony Gomez Figueroa Duke of Feria l. 2. p. 38. his disposition l. 6. p. 23. His vote in Councel for sending an army into the Low-countreys ibid. 25. He waits upon the King when his Majesty apprehended Prince Charles l. 7. p. 44. Gomez a Silva Prince of Ebolo vide Roderick Gonzaga vide Hannibal Camillo Ferdinando Octavio Gorcom revolts from the Spaniard l. 7. p. 72. is taken by assault l. 8. p. 9. Gorcom Martyrs l. 7. p. 75. Gotha a Town l. 5. p. 42. Goude revolts from the Spaniards l. 7. p. 72. Governour vide Praefect Governesse vide Margaret of Parma Grange of Narbon a Calvinist l. 5. p. 6. Ring leader of the Seditions Ibid. disswades the Valencenians from the rendring of their Town l. 6. p. 9. Granvel vide Anthony Nicolas Graveling a Port of Flanders l. 1. p. 12 l. â— p. 53. its Governour l. 7. p. 80. Gregory the Third multiplyes the Bishops in Germany l. 2. p. 30. Gregory the thirteenth offended with the Vice Roy Granvell l. 4. p. 82. His Joy for the newes of the Massacre at Paris l. 7. p. 76. He and the King of Spain resolve to assist the Queen of Scots l. 8. p. 16. He proposes to the King Don Iohn for Governour of the Low-countryes and General in the invasion of Great Britain ibid. He sends Philip Sega his Nuncio to Don Iohn in the Low-Countreys l. 9. p. 36. with supplies of money ibid. He incourages Alexander Farneze to go for the Low-countreys l. 9. p. 48. His letters to the Catholick Army wherein he pardons their sins l. 9. p. 49. His Exchange of Prisoners l. 10. p. 6. He treats with the King of Spain to make Don Iohn King of Tunis l. 10. p. 19. Gromhamberg Colonel of foot l. 5. p. 132. Gresser the Queen of Englands Agent l. 5. p. 133. Graningen or the Groine threatens to revolt from the King l. 6. p. 1. receives a Garrison of the Kings men l. 6. p. 20. Besieg'd by Lewis of Nassau l. 7. p. 54. strongly defended by Vitelli ibid. Dispos'd of by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 58. It s Bishop and Governour ibid. A Fort there design'd by the Duke of Alva ibid. The 6 Cannon of the Groin call'd by names of the 6 first Elements in Musick l. 7. p. 47 56. Guerrao de Speo the King of Spains Embassadour to the Queen of England l. 7. p. 66. Guinegas l. 1. p. 15. Guinichè vide Paula Prince of Lucca Guise vide Charles of Loram and Francis of Guise Guiralto wadeâ— over Sea to Duveland l. 8. p. 10. Guntâ—y Count Swartzenburg l. 7. p. 51. l. 8. p. 9. a Covenanter l. 5. p. 101. Commander of horse in the Prince of Oranges Army l. 7. p. 58. treats in the Emperours name to make peace between the Royallists and the Orangians l. 8. p. 9. Gusman vide Antonio Ayamant Didaco Guy Brai of Mons l. 6. p. 6. Sentences in G. A Good GENERAL can never be long liv'd l. 7. p. 83. GOD is not pleas'd with those that giue out of other mens fortunes l. 8. p. 6. H. HA a River l. 1. p. 12. Hadrian Iansen l. 7. p. 80. Heresie how it was brought into the Low-countreys l. 2. p. 36. The mother of sedition ibid. What occasions it makes use of to raise Tumults ibid. l. 2. p. 42 48. Prone to Atheisme l. 2. p. 36. Teaches Contumacie ibid. slights Allegiance ibid. Heresie in France l. 3. p. 55 61 72 l. 6. p. 35. Protected l. 3. p. 57. The Heretical custome of singing Davids Psalmes in French meeter l. 3. p. 61 62 The French Hereticks assist the Low-countrey Hereticks l. 5. p. 138. A Catalogue of Hereticks inclos'd in the Kings packet l. 4. p. 83. brought to execution with various success ibid. l. 6. p. 19 20. The attempt of an Heretical Minister l. 4. p. 83. Their Joy for the difference between the King of Spain and the Pope l. 4. p. 86. Their Jealousies upon the Conference at Baion l. 4. p. 88. The Kings Letters and the Governesse Edict against them l. 4. p. 96 97. At the promulgation of the Edict they mutiny l. 5. p. 100. They stir up the Covenanters ibid. They break from all parts into the Low-countrey Pulpits l. 6. p. 116. Three Classes or kindes of them ibid. They are permitted to preach l. 5. p. 130. They turn the Franciscans out of Doores l. 5. p. 131. Their design to send Calvinistical books into Spain l. 5. p. 137. l. 7. p. 45. Their Consistories l. 5. p. 138. They desire liberty to exercise their Sects l. 5. p. 139. They rejoyce at the defection of the Lords from the King l. 6. p.
him to the King l. 10. p. 20. The Kings continual suspition of him ibid. The Principality of the Low-Countries offered him and why ibid. He is inrag'd and abhors the Perswader ibid. His grief for the Kings Jealousie and Escovedo's death ibid. His complaints against the King ibid. He is sick in the Camp l. 10 p. 14. the Physicians prediction of him l. 10 p. 15. He transfers the Government of the Low-Countries upon Alexander Farnâ—e ibid. receives the Sacraments l. 10. p. 16. raves ibid. Dying makes three requests to the King ibid. Dies religiously ibid. How his death came to be hastened l. 10. p. 20. A conspiracy against his life ibid. His death deplored by the Army ibid. They compare him to Germanicus Caesar l. 10. p. 21. and to his father Charles the fifth ibid. His miliâ—ary Expeditions ibid. His desire of a solitary liâ—e ibid. His care of his Conscience and to purifie it by Confession especially before a Battel ibid. His piety ibid. 22. His liberality to the Souldiers l. 10. p. 21. His virtues as a General l. 10. p. 22. His daughters ibid. His custome to wear the hair of his foretâ—p upright l. 10. p. 21. The Contention of several Nations who should bear his body l. 10. p. 22. A crown set upon his head ibid. His obscquies in the Church of Namure ibid. His temporary sepulcher there ibid. his body dissected is privately conveyed into Spain l. 10. p. 24. set together again and shew'd to the King ibid. buried in the Escureall with Charles the fifth ibid. Iohn Baptista Bertius Secretary l. 6. p. 12 13. Iohn or Giovanni Baptista Castaneo Archbishop of Rossaza the Popes Nuncio l. 5. p. 132. his relation to Cardinal Alexandrino of the Commitment and death of Prince Charles l. 7. p. 43. Iohn or Giovanni Baptista Marquesse a Monte Commander of the horse at the battel of Mooch l. 8. p. 3. in the battel of Gemblas l. 9. p. 51. a pension assign'd him by the King l. 8. p. 3. In the battel of Rimenant l. 10. p. 9. at a Councell of War with Don Iohn and others l. 10. p. 7. Iohn Barnise Commander of horse l. 5. p. 132. Iolm Blaser l. 3. p. 6â— Iohn Blosius Treslong l. 7. p. 7â— Iohn Boccas a Jesuite l. 9. p. 40. Iohn the fourth Duke of Brahant l. 9. p. 36. Iohn Calvin l. 3. p. 56. vide Calvinists Iohn Cassembrot Secretary to Count Egmont l. 6. p. 33. 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 50. taken by the Duke of Alva's command l. 6. p. 33. beheaded l. 7. p. 49. Iohn Cassimir brother to the Prince Elector Palaâ—ine l. 10. p. 1 14. Iohn Croy Count Reuse l. 1. p. 17. Governour of Tornay l. 6. p. 8. one of the four mourners that held the corners of the hears-cloth when Iohn's corps was carried to Namure l. 10. p. 22. Iohn Friderick son to the late Elector of Saxony l. 5. p. 140. maintains a War against the Duke of Saxony l. 5. p. 141. Iohn Funch l. 9. p. 27. Iohn Glimè Marquess of Bergâ—n Governour of Haynault l. 1. p. 16. Justice in Eyre of the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 28. taken along by King Philip to his marriage with Mary Queen of England l. 3. p. 71. Elected Knight of the Golden Fleece l. 6. p. 28. slow to quiet tumults rais'd by hereticks l. 3. p. 62 64. At last he quiets them ibid. writes to the Pope in behalf of the Agent Molin l. 3. p. 66. conspires against Granvell l. 3. p. 69. Inveighers against him to the Governesse l. 3. p. 75. sent into Spain by her Excellence of Parma l. 5. p. 113. Is hurt by accident which puts off his journey ibid. when he was perfectly recovered the Governesse presses him to Depart l. 5. p. 117. Relapsing he sends his Major Domo before ibid. what he wrote of the King from Spain l. 5. p. 134. He cannot get leave to return to the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 27. He falls sick ibid. His complaints of the King ibid. 28. He dies ibid. His Elogie ibid. After his decease he was impeached and condemned by the Duke of Alva ibid. How the King disposed of his goods and heir ibid. Iohn Gnissius Bishop of Groninghen l. 7. p. 58. Iohn Hangest Lord of Ienlis marches out of France to relieve Mons l. 7. p. 74. fights with Duke Federico son to the Duke of Alva ibid. is Defeated Ibid. Iohn Hennim Count Bolduc sent for to compose the stirs at Valenciens l. 3. p. 64. Iohn Iames Medices Marquesse of Marigan l. 8. p. 9. Iohn Immarsel Pretor of Antwerp l. 5. p. 124 Ioln Lanoi Lord of Molembase Governour of Haynault l. 1. p. 16. Iohn Lignius Count Aremberg Governour of Frisland Over-ysell ibid. l. 3. p. 65. chosen one of the Knights of the Golden Fleece l. 7. p. 47. His difference with the Prince of Orange and Count â—gmont l. 3. p. 72 73. He withdraws himself from the Combination against Cardinal Granvell ibid. Likes not the Conspiracy of the Lords and Gentlemen nor the Covenant l. 5. p. 103. Ready to take armes for the King l. 5. p. 129 141. Pursues the fugitive Rebels l. 6. p. 19. Is by the Duke of Alva sent into France General of the Spanish foot and horse l. 6. p. 35. l. 7. 47. Encounters Lewis and Adulp of Nassau ibid. Recovers Dam and beats the Nassauvians ibid. fights a battel ibid. kills Adulph brother to the Prince of Orange and is himself slain by Adulp ibid. His army lost ibid. His Elogy ibid. His death otherwayes related l. 7. p. 48. his death and the death of Momerancy Constable of France compar'd together ibid. The Duke of Alva celebrates his funerals l. 7. p. 54. his losse reveng'd by the Sardinian Regiment l. 7. p. 57. Iohn the third King of Portugall l. 4. p. 92. Iohm Manric de Lara speaks at the Councell-board before the King l. 6. p. 23. Iohn Mamique at the battel of Rimenant l. 10. p. 12. Iohn Marnixius one of the first Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. Iohn Michese a Jew flyes from Spain to Antwerp l. 5. p. 138. from thence to Venice ibid. from Venice to Constanâ—â—â—ople ibid. Ingratiates himself with Selimus afterwards Emperour of the Turks ibid. 139. moves him to assist the Moores against the Spaniards Ibid. offers armes from Constantinople to the Low-Countrey Rebels ibid. Puts Selimus upon the war with Cyprus to spite the Venetians ibid. and in hope of the Kingdome of Cyprus Ibid. He is author of the firing of Venice Ibid. Iohn Momorancy Lord of Courir Governour of Frenâ—h Flanders l. 1. p. 16. His death l. 5. p. 123. Iohn de Nassau brother to the Prince of Orange l. 5. p. 132 134. Iohn Noreys Colonel of English l. 10. p. 10. Iohn Count of East Frizland l. 1. p. 16. Iohn Osorius Ulloa one of the Sea waders l. 8. p. 10. Commander of the Van 18. p. 11. Animates his men ibid arrives in Duveland fights and Conquers l.
p. 31. It concerns the Wisdome of a KING to provide that a Crown once moderately refus'd by a subject should never more be in the power of his acceptance l. 1. p. 20. L. LAlin vide Anthony Charles George Philip. Lambert Count and Abbat of Gemblac l. 9. p. 52. Lambert Wirtzemberg l. 7. p. 80. Lamentation at the Obsequies of Charles the fifth Celebrated by himself l. 1. p. 7 8. at the death of Count Egmont l. 7. p. 25. and of Don Iohn l. 10. p. 21. vide Obsequies Lamoral Count Egmont created Knight of the Golden Fleece by Charles the fifth l. 7. p. 53. General of the Low-countrey horse l. 1. p. 11. victorious at St. Quintine and at Graveling ibid. l. 7. p. 53. Governour of Flanders and Artois l. 1. p. 16. l. 7. p. 53. Commander in Chief of the Spanish Forces in the Low-countreys and Designed by the Peoples wishes for Governour of all the Low-countries l. 1. p. 18 19. his Alienation from the King l. 2. p. 38. l. 3. p. 67. his freedome of speech ibid. his Envy and Emulation against Granvell l. 2. p. 41. the Prince of Orange preferred before him by Charles the fifth l. 2. p. 44. he joyns with the Prince of Orange and the rest that dissentâ—rom Granvell l. 3. p. 67. his first Complaint to the King l. 3. p. 68. he combines against Granvell ibid. 72. and exasperates others l. 3. p. 73 74. his Letter to the King against Granvell l. 3. â—p 72 73. his dissimilitude to the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 70. the King invites him into Spain l. 3. p. 74. he will not go ibid. he differs from Count Aremberg l. 3. p. 73. his Complaints against Granvel l. 3. p. 75. he discovers Granvels danger to the Governesse Ibid. l. 4. p. 80. when others leave the Court he stayes l. 3. p. 75. he is Author of the Liveries and Cognizances worn by the Lords servants l. 4. p. 78. Invents a New Cognizance instead of the Old ibid. the Governesse sends him Ambassadour into Spain l. 4. p. 87. he is very graciously received by the King l. 4. p. 89. he excuseth himself to his Majesty ibid. returnes into the Low-countries with Alexander Farâ—ezè l. 4. p. 90. his Complaints occasioned by the Kings Letters l. 4. p. 96. he writes to the Governesse of Confederation Decreed by the Nobility l. 5. p. 99. his Vote in Senate for the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. he denyes to fight for the Inquisition or the Emperours Edicts l. 5. p. 106. he meets the Covenanters at their Feast in Culemburg house l. 5. p. 110. he is sent by the Governesse to Centron to disturb the Convention of the Gheuses l. 5. p. 119 120. the Covenanters desire his mediation for them ibid. he disputes with the Governesse touching the plunder of Churches l. 5. p. 123. resists not the Church-robberies of the Gheuses l. 7. p. 50. speaks in Senate against a War l. 5. p. 129. meets the rest of the Lords Conspirators at Dendermund l. 5. p. 136. l. 7. p. 50. his letter to Count Mansfeldt l. 5. p. 136. his Complaints against Count Mansfeldt and the Governesse ibid. he refuseth to enter into the new League l. 5. p. 142. is offended with the Valencenians letter l. 6. p. 6. sent by the Governesse to Valenciens l. 6. p. 9. what his opinion is of the strength of the town ibid. p. 10. he promiseth to take the Oath of Allegiance l. 6. p. 11. and doth it l. 6. p. 14. his Conference with the Prince of Orange at Willebroc ibid. he adheres to the Kings party ibid. opposeth the Covenanters ibid. breaks friendship with them ibid. is call'd to sit in Councel with the Duke of Alva l. 6. p. 32 33. invites Count Horn to come likewise to the Councel-table ibid. is Arrested in the Kings name by the Duke of Alva ibid. imprisoned in the Castle at Gant l. 7. p. 49. Many are Suitors to the King for his life ibid. his Ladies humble Petition ibid. the Crime charged against him by the Kings Advocate ibid. p. 50. his Answer to the Charge ibid. divers of those particulars formerly objected against him by the Governesse l. 7. p. 51. the Peoples affection to him ibid. he is brought from Gant to Bruxels ibid. sentence of Death pronounced against him by the Duke of Alva ibid. 22. his letter to the King ibid. He religiously prepares himself to die ibid. is beheaded ibid. the Extraordinary lamentation at his death with threats and presages confirmed by a strange portent ibid. and 53. the saying of the French Ambassadour touching his execution ibid. his Elogy ibid. many hate and threaten Alva for putting him to Death ibid. Lancelot Barlamont Count Megan l. 9. p. 35. Colonel of the German Regiment l. 10. p. 5. attempts Sichem l. 9. p. 54. the Mutiny of his men l. 9. p. 56. his Death l. 10 p. 5. Lancelot Bastard son to Brederod one of the Water Gheuses l. 7. p. 31. turns Pirat ibid. Dies in the siege of Harlem l. 7. p. 80. Lanciers at the battel of Mooch l. 8. p. 3 4. worst the Raiters ibid. at Gemblac l. 9. p. 50. at Riminant l. 10. p. 10. their Commanders in Chief l. 8. p. 3. Langafco the Mountainous part of Liguria l. 9. p. 32. Lanoy the town assaulted l. 6. p. 7. Lanoy an Heretical Calvinist l. 3. p. 62. Lanoy vide Iohn Philip. Landtgrave of Hessen vide Philip. Laurentio Priulo Duke of Venice l. 1. p. 14. Laurentio Tuccio l. 9. p. 57. l. 10. p. 12. Lazarus Swend l. 2. p. 41. Lec a River in Holland l. 8. p. 9. Lefdal Servant to Count Egmont one of the first Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. troubles Holland l. 6. p. 19. is defeated ibid. Leiden befieg'd by Valdez l. 8. p. 6. reliev'd by a Sea-breach l. 8. p. 8. Levcadia Patronesse of Toledo l. 7. p. 75. Leovare a Town in Frizland l. 7. p. 48. Lepido de Romanis l. 10. p. 12. Lerodam l. 8. p. 9. Letters of Alexander Faâ—neze to Philip the second joying his Majesty for the Victory at Gemblac l. 9. p. 53. to his Father Octavio Duke of Parmâ— l. 10. p. 15. to his Mother Margaret of Austria l. 10. p. 13. to Samaniego how he disswaded Don Iohn from giving battel l. 10. p. 7 8 Of a namelesse person to the Duke of Alva praying him to take off the tenth part l. 7. p. 67. Of Count Egmont to Count Mansseldt l. 5. p. 135. to the King of Spain against Granvel l. 3. p. 72. to his Majesty after Sentence of death l. 7. p. 52. Of the Duke of Alva enraged to the Provinces l. 7. p. 67. of his son D. Federico chiding him l. 7. p. 78. Of the French Embassadour to Charles the ninth touching the Death of Egmont l. 7. p. 53. Of George Fronsberg to Dan Iohn l. 9. p. 48. Of Cardinal Granvel to the Prince of Ebolo and the
death upon the Counts Egmont and Horne Iuly 1. Count Egmont Letter to his Majesty after Condemnation All night long Count Egmont prepares himselfe for death He is brought to execution the next day about noone Beheaded In the same place and manner died Count Horne Strange lamentation for C. Egmonts death Not without Threats And presages Confirmed by a portent from heaven as was commonly beleeved From hence sprang the hatred to Alva A saying of the French Embassadour Charles ix Count Egmont's Elogie The merits of Count Horne The Duke of Alva's Expedition against Lewis of Nassau Vitelli defends Groening Count Aremberg's Fanerall Alva's March Boldue He sends out his Scouts Their ridlculous mistake Occasâ—oning a military Proverbe Groningen The number of Alva's Army Lewis of Nassau's Forces His Trenches Assaulted by the Spanish The Nassavians run Many lost in their flight Iuly 21. The Battaile of Geming The Site of Lewis of Nassau's Campe Dicco Their Feare made the greater by a second mutiny of their Souldiers Which coming to the eare of the Spaniards Dicco Some make an appearance of charging the Nassavians in the front Others â—ssâ—ile them on the sâ—â—ke And take their Cannon opening the way for their fellowes to doe execution Iuly 26. The greatest that ever was Equall to the Enemy's cowardice The newes of this Victory in a wonderfull manner comes to the Groine Bern. Mend. l. 3. Groningen Tit. liv 〈◊〉 1. The like hapned among the old Romans The number of the slaine The Spoile The subtill Flight of Lewis of Nassau Tacit. l. 2. Annals The Resemblance of this Victory over Nassau to that of Germanicus Caesar over Arminius in the very same place Of this Spanish Trophey you will read mâ—re in thiâ— booke and in the beginning of the eight This Victory attributed to the prayers of Pins v. Iuly 27. Who gives God thanks for it with great solemnity Whether it may be thought a Miracle The Piety of the Spanâ—sh Souldiers The fury of the Sardinian Legion Revenging Count Aremberg's death with the firing of many Villages 1566. The Duke of Alva punishes this burning Brigade According to the old military forme Val. Max. l. 2. cap. 2. de Discipl milit How great a losse the Countrey hadby this fire Alva returnes victorious to Groningen Orders the affaires of that City The coming of Duke Alva's Son The Prince of Orange's Army raised by the joint assistance of the Princes of Germany How great this Army was How payed William Lumè's Vow The fame of this Army Which Alva seemes to contemne His answer to a souldier frighted at the number of Princes confederate against the King of Spaine 1565. Alva suspects the Lowcountrymen in generall Particularly the Wood-Gheuses Wonders in Heaven Christ. Asson vlt. Se. The D of Alva sâ—aâ—es at Maestricht to attend the Prince of Orange's Motion But the Prince of Orange passes the Mose With rare Artifice and celerity l. 7. bell Gall. l. 1. bell Civ Beyond the D. of Alva's imagination The Prince offers battaile to the Duke Vitelli holds it best for the D. to fight him The Duke is otherwise resolved And will go no higher then light Skirmishes How Strada comes to know the particularities of those little fights Two Troopes of Vitelli's horse intercepted Vitelli himself escapes Chafes at the mischiefe done to his Mare Threatens to be revenged for it And accordingly falls upon the Prince of Orange's Rere Does very great execution Takes 150. Horse His Merry saying to the Duke Still the P. of Orange uses all provocations to bring Alva to a Battaile Who is not moved but places the assurance of Victory in Delay Chiap Vitelli. The Orangians mutiny The Prince of Orang's danger Recruites sent him out of France Of the Fight 〈◊〉 the River Geta. The Prince of Orange having taken Centron or San Truyen intends to passe the River and joyne with the French Auxiliaries Thienen Alva commands Vitelli not to ingage The Prince passes the River leaving part of his Forces behind Which Vitelli charges Alva sends to his assistance his Son Duke Federico He takes the Hill The Fight Vitelli would gladly have pursued them beyond the River Barberino sent to signifie his desire to the D. of Alva Who orders the contâ—ary very much offende The Fight renued upon the River-bank The Orangians cut to pieces Vitelli's valiant gallantry Highly commended by the Duke of Alva The number of the slaine Count Hochstrat's death The remainder of the routed Forces surrounded in a house Which the King's men fire Their severall kindes of death Some of them dispatch one another Opinions touching the Enemyâ—â— being suffered to passe The Prince of Oranges Army growne greater and likewise his Necessities Strange to see how oft he changed his Quarters stâ—iving to take some Towne or to circumvent the Duke But all in vain He thinks of goiâ—g fâ—r France It kept out of â—â—â—ege â—lunders the Countrey about it And diverse Villages in Haynoâ—t Does some mischi fe to the D. of Alva Is prohibited to enter France And his hopes there fâ—iling returnes into Germany Of the Taxes he exacted The tenth The twentieth And 100. part The cause of these impositions The Estates deâ—â—re him to remit the tenth part But Alva is not to be moved A contest between the D. of Alva and the Queen of England M. Isselt's Hist and Meâ—eran l. 3. Thuan l. 44. and Meurs l 5. and B. Adrian l. 20. Aloys Caberera l 8. Hier. Conest l. 3. Occasioned by her interception of his Moneys He seizes the goods and ships of the English in the Low-countreys So doth her Majesty the Low-countrey-men and Spaniards commodities in England The Queene will not admit of his Embassadour May. 20. 24 The Portugall-Fleete with their Indian Frieght taken by the English A new Embassage from the Duke The Queen's Answer Barberino's Relation The Originall Strada saies he hath by him Nothing is concluded The D. of Alva proceeds in exacting Tribute from the Low-countrey men Who refuse to pay Taxes Plutarch in Themestocles Feb. 1570. Whereat he inraged writes threatningly to the Provinces And proves as good as his word They yield to the Duke in some things for the rest they pâ—tition the King Iuly 16. Sent to him March 25. A generall Pardon long since desiâ—ed by Margaret of Parma Sent too late by the King to Alva And yet the Promulgation by him deferd The Fore nâ—one Ceremonies at the Promulgation Praâ—ers Sermon in Low Dutch Maâ—â—e The Popes Letter read An Oration in French Interrupted The afternoone Pompe Out of Count Mansfeldts Letters to Marg of Parma 9. of August A stage in the Market-place The Duke upon a Throne The Cryer reades the K. Letters in Low-Dutch and French But so low that few heare him Out of the Letters of Christ. Assonv to Marg of Parma Iuly 17. And fewer like of what they heare Princesse Ann Espoused to K. Philip. August 11. Anne Daughter to the Empeâ—rour Maâ—imilian and Isabella Daughter to King Henry The
the town That is Hound Which is met Fought with Bergen op Zoom And defeated Middleburg rendered Feb. 18. The Fame of Mondragonio What strange confidence the enemy reposed in him Aldegund and three more exchanged for Mondragonio Jacob Simon John Pettin Franciso Citadella 1430. Largil to Marg. of Parma March 5. What the Prince of Orange made of Middelburg Largil to Margaret of Parma March 5. The first Mutiny of the Spaniards Out of the Bishop of Namure's letter to Marg. of Parma Iuly 24. Against Avila who detained their Pay The expostulation of the Mutineers Avila flies They march to Antwerp in hostile manner Despise Requesenes his messengers And onely demand money They enter Antwerp Their threats Their solemn Oath Their Edict against plunder They are paid And quieted The pious liberality of the mutineers How much the Franciscansâ—ad â—ad of them They invite the Jesuits Who refuse to come at them They send money to the Jesuites Colledge An exhortation made them by one of the Societie The fruits of it They give and restore very much to the Citizens Leyden A suspition that the souldiers plunder was Requesenes his designe Iuly 14. March 8. April 6. Iuly 24. A generall pardon proclaimed Of the siege of Leyden Valdez invites the Town to a Reâ—ndition They barbarously refuse He draws his line nearer Resolves upon a generall assault Why he puts off the day appointed The site of Leyden The fearfull designe of the neighbours to Leyden Who breaking down the banks let in the sea They sail over the woods And over the fields to Leyden How great a Navy came The besiegers besieged Their constancy Bern. Mend. l. 12. The like wonder of old Caesar. lib. 5. de bell Gall. Paul Oros. l. 6. Sprink Uloet The Spaniards retreat Not without losse Bern. Mend. l. 12. The exploit of Pedro Ciaconio A second mutiny of the Spaniards Against Valdez as if he had betrayed them at the siege They take him prisoner Utrecht He procures money and therewith pacifies them The Spaniards prosperous fortune Mich. ab Isselt Hist. of his Times Supplies brought by Altempse An old souldier of great abillties Clara Medices Jacob Medices His danger in his march The Elogie of Requesenes ex Annal. Arag Hier. Zuri His progenitour 1440. His maternall Ancestours famous Sea-Commanders 1480. His own Sea-services 1569. 1571. Ant. Maria Gratia de Bel. Cypr. l. 4. Thuan. l. 48. Hist. His Civill Offices 1564. 1573. His difference with St. Charls Boromaeo Carol. a Basil. S. Pet. l. 3. c. 2. Joan. Petr. Gussan l. 3. c. 3. Of whom be asks forgivenesse by his servant 1575. His Government of the Low-countreys not so unfortunate as many think His great Errour His souldiers much more to blame that mutined so often Their third sedition was the occasion of his death Out of the relation of Christop Assonvil Being near his end he names a successour for the Civil Government And a Generall for the Army But dying ere he had signed their Commissions March 5. of his Age fifty yeare The Government rested in the great Councell Which the King doubts to confirm The Pope proposing Don John of Austra Mary Queen of Scots Nichâ—lao Ormanetti Bishop of Padua For these reasons Notwithstanding the King lets the Senate govern Perswaded thereunto by Opper upon these grounds 1576. An unseasonable resolution destructive to the Lowcountreys The Belgick warre occasioned by the Peoples contempt of the Senate And their private differences As also by another mutinie of the Spaniards from the Relation of Christ. Assonvil Because the Germans were payed and not they An injury they very much resent Mart. Delr l. 1. Turb Belg. and others And are exasperated by the complaint of Count Altempse They demand their Pay of the Senate Which being craftily denied They march in hostile manner into Brabant They refuse conditions offered They take Aelst A tumult in in Bruxels Called Scriban by Francis Harve in his Annal Belg. A Spanish Senatou's servant slain The Senate declares the Spaniards Enemies to the State The Low-countreymen permitted to take arms against them Avila complains of the Senate The Senate laies the fault upon Avila out of Christ. Assonvill An Edict published by the Senate against the souldiers in Aelst Avila sends ammunition to his Countreymen in Aelst The Civill warre for a while put off by the Marquesse of Havres arrvall In the end of August Vasseur Lord of Moriemsart The Senates Letters to the King out of Christ. Assonvill The King commands Don John to take post for the Low-countreys In the interim the Prince of Orange makes use of the differences among the Royalists Solicits the Governours of Provinces Particularly Duke Areschot Mart. Delv. 1. Turb Belg. The Senatours opinions touching those of Aelst Some would have them destroyed by arms Others not to be provoked and these spake prophetically But their sense was rejected The People create a new Governour of Bruxels By his Orders the Senators that were held to be of the Spanish Faction were taken into Custody The authority of the Senate falls to nothing A new form of Government to Deputies of the Estates The beginning of the Association of Gant Four Provinces offer assistance against the Spaniards They crave succours from their neighbours in order to the Spaniards expulsion Their Agreement with the Prince of Orange Who assists them in the recovery of Gant Other Provinces associated with them The Convention at Gant Their wonderfull unanimity against the Spaniard The Kings party and the Ecclesiasticks joyning with the Consederates Septem 30. The like consent of old in expelling the Romanes Caes. l. 7. de Gal. Bel. The Confederates troubled at Glime's slight and losse Much more at the recovery of Maestricht by the Spaniards A military Invention Of the sack of Antwerp From the Emperours Court where he had remained since his fathers death The Deputies of the Estates send forces into Antwerp The Town raises a battery against the Castle The Spanish from all their Quâ—iters come to Antwerp So do the Mutineers from Aelst Of Cannon and Powder All received into the Fort. Christ. Assonv in his Relation The fury of the Mutineers A sally from the Castle The City-forces beat out of their Trenches The Spaniards enter the Town The Garrison at odds among themselves Count Egmont would have made resistance But is taken prisoner The Citizens fight stoutly Neer the Palace of Iustice. Which the Spaniards fire and become Masters of Antwerp Novem. 4. Count Egmont Caprius Gogny The Deputies of the Estates advance the association of Gant Hearing Antwerp was lost they hasten the firm conclusion of their League And send a Messenger to acquaint the King with their proceedings The Spanish Commandrrs likewise send one to his Majestie Who informs the King of these particulars The Plunder of Antwerp made the Spaniards adiâ—us How miserable a pillage it was The principall Actors in it The moderation of Camillo a Monte. The wretched condition of rich men The good fortune of a
Emperour Charles the fifth His corps a little while after was carried to Besanâ—on and buried in his fathers Monument The man is particularly remarkable to the favourites of Princes because without the help of flattery for about fourty years with unspotted fidelity he mannaged the principall affairs of a great Court and being once outed from his fall rebounded with ease and rose higher then before because he was gracious with a Prince that suffered him a happiness seldome known to enjoy both favour and freedom to the last But our present History bears older Date The Governess in the mean time bent her endeavours to maintain Religion which she heard went to decay in many places for the King by Armenterius enjoyned her that in the first place and since then wrote many effectuall letters to the same purpose Indeed that King Philip did more then pretend to be carefull of Religion the letters about a hundred of which I have written with his own hand or in cypher to the Governess do clearly testifie Wherein he never used dissimulation as in those that were read to the Councel by the Governess but discovered to his sister without reservation all his necessities fears and secret thoughts And in these private Letters he so earnestly commends and commits unto her the protection of Religion that he plainly declares it was to be her master-care and all other Interests whatsoever should give place to it Nay many times he instructs her how to hunt out Hereticks and trace them to their holes His Majesty likewise had Catalogues of their names which I have by me enclosed in his Letters so exactly taken as every ones condition neighbourhood age and stature is to the life described that truly it is wonderfull how a Prince distracted and diverted with such a multiplicity of State-affairs could have the leasure to inquire out for the most part obscure people which a private man could hardly get time to turn his thoughts and hand to And by this means as often as Catholicks fled out of England into the Low-countreys in whose behalf the Governess wrote to the King with incredible celeritie besides his Pensions bestowed upon Priests of that Island which for the cause of Religion lived as banished men in the Low-countreys he divided among them sometimes 2000 Ducats at once sometimes more sometimes less alwayes something Incouraged by this royall bounty some Colledges of that Nation were begun to be settled to the great good of Catholicks in Spain and the Low-countreys The Governess therefore of her own accord and by the Kings command laboured to preserve Religion and having the Nobility particularly obliged to her for her late favour she dispatched letters to this effect to the Bishops and Governours of Towns which exceedingly awaked their industry And now the Hereticks were carried to prison and put to death which terrified many and those that died were often reconciled to the Church At Rupelmond a Priest that was turned Heretick when he saw no hope to escape out of the Tower wherein he was imprisoned fell upon a desperate designe of firing the next room in which the Records and Monuments of the Provinces were kept supposing that while the guards were busied in preserving things that concernd the publick he might get away He acquainted his fellow-prisoners which were nine with the plot and now the Tower was in a flame which the souldiers presently extinguished and the Priest being taken was with the rest of his companions but a little more happily executed For openly renouncing his Heresie before the multitude that was assembled to see him die twice he cursed Calvin and all the contrivers of Heresie and bad the good people take warning how they came near that plague-sore which the Devil had sent from hell to infect mankind and so professing he died a Catholick his head was struck off The Governess left out none of these passages in her Letter to the King not doubting but they would be welcome to a Prince desirous of such news But at Antwer matters were carried somewhat more tumultuously Christopher Fabricius was to be executed who forsaking the Order of Carmelites married in England and had corrupted some citizens of Antwerp with hereticall opinions When the Executioner brought him to the stake to be burned suddenly as the faggots were kindling a showre of stones cast from what hands was not known fell upon the place the Hangman seeing his own danger if he stayed yet resolving not to leave the condemned man to the people whipped out his sword and when he was half burned killed him then leaping down among the souldiers saved himself in the crowd The mutineers thus defeated of their hopes gave over for the present either unable to master the souldiers or conceiving they should stir to no end the prisoner being dead Yet the next day some of them lighting upon a woman who they said first discovered Fabricius they made a ring about her railed and threw stones at her and had killed her but that she fled and hid her self in a neighbours house The same day Verses were posted up in the Market-place writ in bloud to this effect That there were in Antwerp some that vowed shortly to revenge Fabricius his death whereof vvhen the King had knovvledge perhaps vvith some addition to the truth and manner he severely commanded his sister not to let crimes of that nature escape long unpunished And her Excellence causing one of the stone-casters to be hanged for the rest as they vvere all of the basest sort of people vvere either fled the Tovvn or lay there concealed quieted the City for the present rather by Terrour then Punishment But at Bruges the very Senate offended at the same time far more contumaciously if vve credit a Spanish Monk vvho lay then privately in Brugeâ— and sent intelligence into Spain For the Inquisitour by his Deputy the Pretour of the Tovvn delaying to assist him for fear of the Senate had sent an Heretick to prison guarded by three Officers the Senate presently commanded those Officers to be seized and committed them close prisoners to be kept vvith bread and vvater till themselves had spoken vvith the Governess and this vvas proclaimed by the Crier in the Market place the Heretick in the mean time being released a grievous vvrong both to Religion and to the Inquisitour The Senate did not in very humterms acknovvledge their contempt but posting to the Governess complained to her of the tumult that undoubtedly vvould have been raised by the Inquisitour in a City that vvould not suffer the Breach of any of their Priviledges if they themselves peradventure by a sharp but yet by a safe remedy had not opportunely pacified the peoples minds What vvas done herein by the Governess or vvhat she ansvvered to the King after she received his letters by the Monk I find not These and the like