Cities opened their Gates to the Governour Lewis tired with the War which according to Carion in his Life of the Emperour Lewis of Bavaria lasted Nine whole Years though Lunclavius in his German History mentions Three only went into his Earldom of Tyrol which he had had by his Wife Margaret Daughter of Henry Duke of Carinthia and Earl of Tyrol leaving the Marquisate and Electorate of Brandenbourg to his Brothers Lewis of the same Name sirnamed the Roman with Otho his Youngest The Emperour Charles the Fourth confirming by his Letter Pattents at Budissine in the Year 1350. his Transferring the Electorate to his two said Brothers This Emperour Charles had as we may say extreamly longed for the Electorship being vext that the Emperour Lewis of Bavaria had been more Fortunate than he in disposing it to his Eldest Son when the Death of Voldemar was reported Lewis the Eldest of the Three Brothers in Possession of Brandenbourg deceased in 1361. and Maynard his Eldest Son left the World before he was Fourteen Years old though Married yet having no Heirs He was born in 1349. and dyed in 1363. The Two remaining Brothers the Roman and Otho consented by their Agreement with the Emperour Charles to exclude their nearest Relations if they dyed without Heirs Male and substitute Winceslaus his Eldest Son Elector But if neither He nor the Emperour left a Son then it should pass to John Marquis of Moravia They allowed Winceslaus to use the Arms and Title of Marquis of Brandenbourg obliging their Subjects to swear Allegiance to him This Agreement was signed at Nuremberg in 1363. where it is still to be seen Now the Roman dying without Children in 1366. left in possession hereof Otho his Brother Son-in-law to the Emperour by the Marriage of his Daughter Agnes who being also without Children consented to sell the Marquisate and Electorate of Brandenbourg in his Life-time for Two Hundred Thousand Hungarian Ducats to the same Emperour Charles his Father-in-law and to his Eldest Son Winceslaus there being delivered to Otho several Towns in Bohemia as Pawns for a Security till Payment of the whole Sum. Thus the Electorate of Brandenbourg after having with various Fortune been One and Fifty Years possest by Voldemar and his Party was by the Three Sons of the Emperour Levis of Bavaria conveyed into the Family of Lutzelbourg where it remained Four and Forty Years being governed by State-holders in the Reigns of the Emperours Winceslaus and Sigismond which last sold and absolutely disposed of both this Marquisate and Eleotorate to his Favourite Fredrick de Zoltern the Burggrave of Nuremberg whom he had before made Governour Giving him the Investiture at the Council of Constance with great Ceremony the last Day of April being the Eve of St. Philip and Jacob and the Year 1415. Since which time the Heirs-Male descended in a Right Line from the before-mentioned Frederick have justly possest and gloriously governed the Countries of the Marquisate and Electorate of Brandenbourg But let us return to Voldemar What Lunclavius says of his being Condemned and Burnt alive for his Imposture is not true though he affirms it in the Chronicle of Germany Translated by him But it is most certain that he died of a Natural Death not at a Place called Korckei or at Stendeil in 1322 but at Dessaw in 1354 Nine Years after his Return and was buried in the Chappel called The Holy-Ghost which is the ordinary Place of Sepulture for the Princes of Anhalt as is testified by the Chronicle of Magdebourg The Reasons which oblige me to believe he was the True Voldemar contrary to the Opinion of those Historians whom we have cited are the Attestations of the Princes of his Family who then were the Electors of Saxony the Dukes of Lavemboâ—rg and the Princes of Anhalt which two last Branches are still in being These Princes would not have so much abused themselves to give such Honours to an Impostor nor have mingled his Ashes with Theirs who without doubt are one of the most Illustrious Sovereign Houses of Europe I have heard John George Head of the House of Anhalt Earl of Ascagne Lord of Zerbst and Bernberg Governour of the Provinces of the Marquisate of Brandenbourg say That he kept his Seal and believed him the True Elector Secondly The Arch-bishop of Magdebourg Primate of Germany a Man of great Vertue would never have owned him there being no Advantage in doing it and giving an ill Example to so many People Nor would the Emperor Charles the Fourth of whom we have been speaking and those other Princes have exposed their Lives and caused the Effusion of so much Blood for an Impostor Thirdly The ill Agreement where this pretended Counterfeit was born Sometimes he was a Miller of Landreslaw at other times of Beltzize which convinces me it is rather an Imposture to perswade it And further There was a Letter from the Electoral Colledge writ to the Pope at that time who had been a Cisterian Monk named James Tournier but then Bennet the Twelfth born at Saverdun in the Earldom of Foix. This Letter was sent Sixteen Years after his Absence and Seven before his Return in which his Name is with the rest of the Electors Henry Arch Bishop of Mayence Dean of the Electoral-Colledge is the first after him Baldwin Arch-Bishop of Treves Walram of Collen and this Voldemar the First of the Secular Electors that is before Rodolph Palatine and Rodolph Duke of Saxony contrary to the common Method of Precedence for sometimes the Younger let the Elder precede them out of Respect as the Elector of Saxony did to Joachim the Second Elector of Brandenbourg whom he always called Father Though there is no Date to this Letter it declares That they agreed on the Fifteenth of July 1338 to meet at Rinsse on the Rhyne near Franckfort and treat of Affairs of Importance which was to advertise the Pope that neither He nor his Successors could have any thing to do in the Election of Emperors either by their Consent Approbation or Confirmation or any other Matter belonging to it as likewise to oblige him to revoke his Excommunication against the Emperour Lewis This Letter is to be seen in the Archives of the Elector Palatine The ingenious Marquard Freherus one of his Councellors has inserted it in a Volume of the German History from Charlemaine to Frederick the Third It is to be observed that the Family of the Palatinate is the same with Bavaria and made War to extirminate Voldemar as an Impostor Therefore there was much Contradiction and Absurdity in these Elector's Proceedings who writ to the Pope in favour of the Emperour Lewis of Bavaria who had given the Electorate of Brandenbourg to his Son as vacant by the Death of Voldemar in putting his Name to this Letter if they believed him Dead for that was doing a notable Prejudice to Lewis Son of this Emperour who then possest the Dignity of Elector and the Marquisate to own
and Lot to feed on every Tenth Man till at last he with the Wrack of this miserable Army got back to Thebes in Aegypt The Third which was of Fifty Thousand Men was commanded to waste the Country round the Temple of Jupiter Hammon and to burn that famous Temple with the Statue of Jupiter When they had advanc'd as far as the City Oasis seven days Journey beyond Thebes being the mid-way to the Town of Dasis the Country they were to attack they halted in a Valley where an impetuous Wind blowing Mountains of Sand from all parts buried them together not one escaping so that Cambyses could have no other News but only the probability of this Accident The God Apis so much ador'd by the Aegyptians shew'd himself that Year which he had not done along time before These blind People when they found a Calf of extraordinary Largeness and Beauty made it their False God using all Shews of publick Joy they could express Cambyses being angry and ill humour'd with his late Disasters believed they rejoyced at his ill Fortune and took a Pretext to do it for the Apparition of their God He was then at Memphis where he commanded the Magistrates to come before him and give an Account why they took so ill a Conjuncture for their Mirth and Feasting No Excuses would serve nor no Submissions prevail but he caused them all to be put to Death He also commanded the Priests of Apis to be brought with the Calf they ador'd which was black and had a large square Spot in his Fore head another in the resemblance of an Eagle on his Back a Cross under his Jaws and at the End of his Tail a thick forked Tuff of Hair Cambyses drew his Sword and wounded him in the Ham though his intention was to have kill'd him calling the Priests contemptuous Names saying You deserve no better Gods than Flesh and Blood that can feel and smart with a Wound Then in derision caus'd them to be cruelly beaten commanding his Guards to kill whoever they found rejoycing on that Occasion This severe Order soon put an end to their Feasting The God Apis was carried into the Temple where he languish't till he died and was privately buried by his Priests Heaven as the Aegyptians believed punish'd Cambyses for these Sacriledges taking away his Reason and making him distracted One of the saddest Effects of his Frenzy was the Death of his own Brother Smerdis a very accomplish'd Prince and of so extraordinary Strength that it caused his Brother's Jealousy so far as to deny him Access to his Person by sending him into Persia while he remain'd in Aegypt His Ambassadors or rather his Spies in Aethiopia amongst other Rarities brought home with them a Bow of so large a size that no Persian had strength enough to bend it but Smerdis only who did it with two Fingers which was the first subject of his Disgrace as that which follows was the cause of his Death Cambyses dream't that a Courrier came in great haste brought him news that Smerdis sat on his Throne that his Head reacht Heaven This made him resolve his Death and gave Prexaspes one of his Officers Orders to see it done which he did near Susa as he accompany'd him a Hunting Others say It was by throwing him into the Red-Sea as he walk'd on the Cliffs I need but mention the other Cruelties of Cambyses The Murthering one of his Sisters whom he had Marry'd kicking her many times on the Belly when she was with Child of which she died The Occasion she gave him was wittily reproaching him of his Killing Smerdis He shot the Son of Prexaspes with an Arrow and then rip 't him open so paying his Father for Murthering Smerdis He put twelve of his great Lords to a cruel Death burying them alive with their Heads downwards and would have kill'd the best of his Counsellors the wise and famous Croesus who lost his Kingdom of Lydia with his immense Riches on whom Cyrus his Father had pity These were the Praeludes or rather the Causes which preceded and encourag'd this Impudent Impostor of whom we treat During the time Cambyses committed these Excesses of Cruelties and that his Frenzy made him more hated than a wild Beast there were two Brothers by Profession Magicians One of them called Patazithes was an Officer of his House These conspir'd against him Patazithes knowing the Death of Smerdis which was hid from the Persians had Insolence enough to undertake this Enterprize which follows He had a Brother of the Age and Features of Smerdis and of his Name also him he contrived to set on the Throne and instructed him in all the Arts he should use He sent Heralds into Aegypt commanding the Officers of the Army for the future to obey Smerdis the Son of Cyrus and no longer to own Allegiance to Cambyses These Heralds so well acquitted themselves of their Commission that one of them met Cambyses with his Army at Echatana in Syria to whom he boldly shewed his Order who was astonish'd at his Resoiution and turning towards Prexaspes spoke to him in these words Is it thus you have executed the Commands I gave you No Sir replyed Prexaspes it is not true that your Brother can ever Rebel or Fight more or less against your Authority for with my own Hands I obey'd your Orders And if those who are out of the World can fight you have more reason to apprehend Astyages King of the Medes but if your Majesty have no cause to think of him you have no other to fear your Brother Smerdis I beseech you Sir continued he grant me some of your Guards to pursue this Herald and bring him back that you may learn from him if he have seen or spoke to Smerdis This Advice pleased the King The Herald was brought back and ask't If he received his Orders from the Mouth of Smerdis or from some of his Ministers only He ingenuously confest he had not seen him since the War Cambyses made in Aegypt but had his Orders from the Magician whom his Majesty made Intendant of his Affairs in Persia who said in these words Smerdis the Son of Cyrus commands this to be done Cambyses was satisfied by this Answer that Prexaspes had obey'd him whom he otherwise had certainly put to Death He ask't him If he could conjecture who were the Authors of this Rebellion and Imposture I doubt said Prexaspes they were the Magicians Patazthes Governour of the Houshold and Smerdis his Brother When Cambyses heard the Name of Smerdis he seem'd Thunder-struck remembring the Truth of his Dream and knowing too late his fatal Error wept bitterly for his double Murther of his Brother and Sister In this transport of Grief hastily mounting his Horse to chastise the Rebels at Susa the Scabbard of his Sword dropt off and he found himself wounded in the same Place with the Point where he hurt the God Apis. It surpriz'd him more when they told him
so many Pens for a Counterfeit and placed in the number of Notorious Impostors whose Lives we treat of But this is the true History Voldemar the Second Marquis and Elector of Brandenburg was the Thirteenth descended in a Right Line from Albert de L'Ours of the Family of the Earls of Ascagne who bore that Dignity From which Albert are also descended the Dukes of Saxon Lavemburg and the Princes of Anhalt Voldemar was the Son of Henry stiled Without Land who dyed in 1313. and of Agnes or as others say Matilda de Sangerhuse the two Electors John the Third and Voldemar the First who preceded him were his great Uncles whom he Succeeded He had scarcely been three years Elector when a Fit of Devotion according to the Custom of those Times perswaded him to go a Pilgrimage to the Holy Land He left his Brother John the Fourth in Possession of his Country and discharged all his Servants except two whom he reserved for his Voyage not giving his Brother his Relations nor Subjects any Account which way he travelled nor what adventures befell him in his Journey For indeed there were then no Posts in use it being difficult sending from Forreign Countrys unless by express Messengers Voldemar believed he had taken sufficient Care of the Succession his Brother being only left alive of the Eldest Branch though in a short time there had been Nineteen Persons of the same who by Wars and Inveterate contentions for Avarice and Ambition drew God's displeasure on the Family and were suddenly scattered like the Dust of the Earth He obliged his Subjects not to receive the Princes of Anhalt who were of their House of the Counts of Ascagne for this Sovereigns in Case his Brother and He should dye without Heirs This their Subjects had Sworn justly to obey and execute But it not being Authorized by the Electors nor approved in the Empire the Emperor Lewis thought he had Power to dispose of it when he should receive News of Voldemar's Death He left his Country in the Year 1322 and appeared not till Three and Twenty Years after being in 1345. His Brother who govern'd in his Absence dyed Four and Twenty Days after he departed I know not whether by Sickness or Poison However Lewis of Bavaria then possessing the Empire disposed of the Electorate investing in it his Eldest Son Lewis by his First Wife Beatrix of Poland as a vacant Fief of the Empire Most of the German Histories tell this much in Favour of the House of Bavaria as follows Rodolph Duke and Elector of Saxony design'd to take the Electorate of Brandenbourg from Lewis of Bavaria Son to the Emperor Lewis the Fourth who had Invested him in it after the Death of John the Fourth State-holder and Governor of Brandenburg in the Absence of Voldemar his Elder Brother Rodolph pretended that being of the House of Ascagne of which Voldemar was the Head He ought to possess it before any Other or at least some Prince of his Family since Two Electorates could not possibly be in one and the same Person The better to compass his Design he reported his Cousin the Elector Voldemar was alive who had not appeared in Twenty Three Years Till understanding how matters went after many Pilgrimages to Holy Places like an ordinary Man and having escap't from the Captivity and Imprisonment of the Infidels he was now returned to his Country and to personate this Prince he brought on the Stage for a Principal Actor in this Tragedy a Miller of Landrestaw or as others say of Beltztize called James Rebok a Cunning Fellow and a Subtle Lyer being near the Age of Voldemar with something of his Meen Shape as much as so many years absence the changing of his Hair the Misery and Trouble he had suffered with the Weakness of Age could allow or perswade He had Lived many Years in Saxony where he was throughly instructed in the Life and Family of Voldemar His Application and Address made his Deceit very Successful for to all Persons he seemingly gave eminent Proofs that he was no Counterfeit but the true Marquis Voldemar The noise of his Return from Palestine and Turky where he had so many Years been detained spread through the Country and all Germany over he being assisted by the Emperor Charles the Fourth who was also King of Bohemia Grand-son of the Emperor Henry the Seventh who brought that Dignity into his Family of Luthzelburg This Prince recommended him to the Cyrcles of the Empire and severely treating many of his Enemies The Occasion of his Enmity to Lewis the Elector was because he got from his Brother Henry Margaret Countess of Tyrol with her vast Fortune His other Friends were the Dukes of Brunswick Pomerania and Mekelbourg the Arch-Bishop of Magdebourg Primate of Germany besides Fifteen others The most Zealous for his Interest being those of his own Family the Duke of Saxony and the Princes of Anhalt so that he wanted very little of expelling the Elector Lewis of Bavaria Voldemar presently Summoned an Assembly in the Year 1348. The Circle and near all the Nobility of the Marquisate acknowledging him for their Prince reiterated their Loyalty and Homage being transported with Joy to see their Antient Master His Old Subjects either touched with the Misfortunes and Calamities which he had suffred or pleased with Novelty being weary of the Bavarian Dominion after having Experimented the Glory and Justice of Voldemars Family the space of One Hundred and Eighty Years They lent him Mony to acquire his Right and drive out Lewis All the Citys in the Marquisate declaring for him except Francfort on the Oder Spandaw and Brizack Lutinger observes in the Two and Twentieth Book of his Commentarys of Brandenburg that the Family of Lockhow one of the Greatest in the Marquisate continued on Lewis's Side having the Principal Commands in his Army during the War which lasted Nine Years with various Success according to the Chance of Fortune Voldemar King of Denmark whose Name seemed a good Augury to Voldemar the Elector was nevertheless quite contrary for Carion in the Fifth Book of his Chronicle says He was the First that stop'd the Course of his Victorys and prevented his absolute Repossessing his Country Cassimir King of Poland Lewis called the Roman for his being Born at Rome Brother by a Second Venter to the Elector Lewis the Duke of Stetin that Dutchy being then separate from Pomerania with many Lords of Poland and Silesia then assisted Lewis Notwithstanding which Voldemar the Assailant gain'd a very Signal Battle absolutely defeating the Army of Lewis his Rival commanded by Lewis the Roman his Brother who very hardly himself escaped The Duke Rodolph Palatin of the Rhyne with Seventy nine Gentlemen bearing Shields of Arms of which number were Forty of Poland Fourteen being of the Family of Lettizia he maâ—e Prisoners of War and Trophies of his Victory This Blow extreamly lessened Lewis's Courage and reduced his Affairs to such a Point that many
say Amissus fuit in Temiriano praelio The others escaped who were Lemir Solyman Isa Zelebis Zultan Muchemet and Casan Zelebis who was then very young I will not meddle with the Accidents Wars and Murders which happened amongst them only relate how after the Death of Lemir Solyman in the Year of Christ 1423. which is of the Hegyra 824 Amurath his Son being newly Placed on his Throne Twenty Years after Tamberlain's Famous Victory a certain Man called Dusmes Mustapha pretending to be the Son of Can Gilderum or Bajazet appeared in Romania And although Mahomet the First and Amurath the Second was assured that he was killed at Mount Stella yet the Grecian Emperor Emanuel Paleologus would never believe it but always thought him the true Mustapha and by giving him his utmost Assistance pulled many Unhappinesses on his own Head Amurath offered him great Advantages not to meddle with their Quarrel but to let them determine it among themselves with their own Arms. Carion in his Chronicle speaks not of Mustapha as an Impostor but says that the Greeks perceiving Amurath to raise the Ottoman Name and Power after that Fatal Overthrow at Mount Stella where his Grandfather lost both his Glory and Liberty and that he attacked all the little Christian Princes who had dependance on the Eastern Empire to extirminate one after another by their Spoils seeking to repair his own Losses though they most Religiously observed the Peace with his Father Wherefore the Greeks then brake it also taking out of Lemnos his Uncle Mustapha whom they had kept there under a sure Guard as a Rival capable of frustrating his Designs for which purpose they gave him all Imaginable Assistance that he might disposess Amurath and obtain the Empire for himself This Prince whither True or False is uncertain lived sometimes at Verdari a little City of Thessaly bearing the Name of a River which runs by it where severall Lords of the Family of the Eurenoses took his Party Assisted with whose Forces he Besieged the City Serra which with its Fortress he forced to a Surrender This great Success exalted his Hopes and gave him Courage to attempt Adrianople then Capital of the Ottoman Empire whose Inhabitants had a Favorable Opinion both of his Person and Title opening their Gates at his Approach and swearing Fidelity to him All Romagna followed their Example and submitted to his Government yet he still continued his Residence at Verdari Sultan Amurath thinking on little but his Pleasures at Bursa where he then kept his Court or Port heard what Progress Mustapha had made and sent against him Bassa Bajazet with a considerable Army but when he came before Adrianople this Trayterous Bassa abandoned his Conscience and his Honour joining with Mustapha's Army for Recompence of which Treason he was made Vizier which is like Chancellor or Prime Minister of State Zunaites Prince of Smyrna who had been Prisoner with the Impostor Mustapha in the strong Fortress of Monemuasia which was the antient Epidaurus armed also for him The Turks call'd this Man Chusines He raised a considerable Body of Men composed for the most part of Azapes being foot who fight with Bows and Arrows Laonicius supposes these to have been an Auxiliary of Strangers He gave great priviledges to all those who took up Arms in his Favour and that freely embraced his Party Having raised this Army he left Adrianople and Marched streight to Bursa and on the way finding his new Vizier the Bassa Bajazet was conspiring against him he caused him to be Excecuted publickly as a Traytor within one days Journey of Bursa Thus paying with an Ignominious Death his double Treason In the mean while Amurath advised with his Bassa's how he might best defend himself from the Storm that threatned him They counsell'd him to release out of Prison Mechemet Beg Chief of the Michalogli of whom Lunclavius in the Twenty Seventh Chapter of his Pandects gives this account Osman one of the Chief Heads of the Ottoman-Family the better to Establish his Greatness made a Friendship and Allyance with Three little Princes by whose Assistance he extraordinarily advanced his own Affairs and gained many great Victories over the Christians One of these Princes was called Michael another Mark both of the Eastern Imperial Family and the Third a Turk named Aurami From which Three were descended the most Considerable Persons then in the Ottoman-Empires Still retaining the Names of the Son of Michel Mark and Aurami or Michalogli Marcalogli and Auramogli the Turkish Pronounciation calls the last Eurenosogli whom Mustapha had on his side as Amurath had the Micaloglis and above all Beg Mechemet the Instrument of his Good Fortune who extirminated his Rival in this manner Amurath recalled him to the Port from Nisar the antient Nicocesaria often called also Tocat the Chief City of Capadocia where he was under Restraint kept like a Prisoner giving him with his Liberty the Command of his Army Mechemet without staying at Bursa March't to Lupadi or Vlabat a considerable Town in Natolia encamping near the Bridge Dusmes Mustapha likewise advanced with his Army on the other side of it opposite to him Mechemet apprehending the Danger of a Battle saw that Dusmes his Army was no way to be forced thought on a Stratagem more for his purpose He then in Disguise went to the Enemy's Guards and being one of the greatest Men among the Turks made himself known to them desiring to speak with the Officers that were his Friends to whom with Substantiall Evidence he represented and proved the Imposture of Dusmes Mustapha with the Interest the Greeks were able to make of their Division by indeavouring to set up a base unknown Impostor and Creature of theirs on the Ottoman Throne Telling them also what Recompences Amurath would give them Mechemet with the Sentiment of the Christian Religion had also renounced and disclaimed the Blood of the Imperial Family of Greeks of whom he was descended By this and other Arts he drew to his Master Amurath's side the most considerable Lords and Souldiers in Dusmes Army as Laonicius reports at large which over-threw all his Affairs without Hopes of any Re-establishment reducing him to the utmost Extremities Dusmes Mustapha and Amurath both sent Ambassadors to the Emperor of Constantinople Johannes Paleologus to obtain his Assistance making great Offers and solliciting his Ministers with mighty Promises This Affair was much debated in the Councel of State The Reasons of both Sides being considered the Emperor declared for Mustapha who was his Creature whom he had begun to oblige when he was in Prison And therefore promised himself more from his gratitude than Amurath would ever do This had great Reason to fright Amurath's Party and doubtless had it been known the greater part of his Captains would have declared for his Enemy But his Ambassadors foreseeing the danger of such a Report returned with speed after this denyal to give the Army an Account of their Expedition but Mechemet the
He was in Echatana in Syria The Oracle of Butis having foretold he should die in Echatana he believed it the great City of that Name in Media where he kept his Treasure and commonly resided Flattering himself he should end his days there in his old Age but troubled at the Imposture of the Magician and grieved for the Excesses of his past Life his Wound having made him languish twenty days he sent for the most considerable Officers and spoke thus to them Fate will that Cambyses the Son of Cyrus die here and now I am constrain'd my dear Persians to discover what I have hid from you hitherto When I was in Aegypt I dreamt a Dream which made me fear my Brother should usurp my Crown This Fear made me act with more Precipitancy than Reason I find Man has not the Power to hinder what shall happen I too rashly sent Prexaspes to kill Smerdis at Susa After which Crime I thought my self secure not imagining when he was out of the World any mortal Creature dar'd to rise up against me But I see I am miserably abused and have been to no purpose my Brother's Murtherer For notwithstanding I am rob'd of my Empire it was this Smerdis the Magician the Doemon shew'd me in my Sleep and 't is he was to take Arms against me Think not when I am gone to have Smerdis the Son of Cyrus for your King They are two Magicians would have the Empire One I made Governour of my House the Other is Smerdis his Brother But Oh deplorable unhappiness He that should have revenged his Insolence is basely murthered by his nearest Relations Next I conjure you in the Name of the Gods in whose Protection Crown'd Heads are and which I hope to obtain of you my most dear Ackemenides since the Kings of Persia proceed from you never suffer such a Meanness of Spirit as may let the Empire and Sovereign Power return to the Medes If they obtain it by Fraud or Force use the same Methods to tear it from them and if in this you obey my Orders I beseech the Gods your Fields your Wives and your Cattle may be fruitful But if you do not as I command on the contrary may all Miseries fall on your Heads and your Ends be unhappy as mine Having ended this Discourse he wept abundantly deploring his so early Fate The Persians that were by found his griefs so moving they tore their Garments and shed many Tears crying out for sorrow His pain augmented till the Wound gangreen'd perish't the Bone Death giving a Period to his Reign which was Seven Years and Five Months without any Children The truth of the Imposture and Usurpation of the Magicians could not enter into the minds of the Persians it seem'd incredible to them They thought the Death of Smerdis of which Cambyses informed them was only a Pretext to make the Name of the Persians odious and believed firmly that Smerdis by this Rebellion had placed himself on the Throne Which opinion they continued in the longer by Prexaspes's utterly denying the Murther though if he had own'd it he had certainly been destroy'd when Cambyses was Dead who authorized and avow'd it for the Persians would have been very rigorous with him that had dar'd to shed the Blood of that Great King Cyrus The Magician after the Death of Cambyses bearing the Name of Smerdis Reign'd without trouble or contradiction Seven Months together during which time he exercised his Liberality and Munificence to the Subjects of the Empire which were so extraordinary that after his Death the People of Asia except the Persians lamented his loss extreamly He sent his Proclamations through all the Provinces to exempt the People from Taxes promising them Peace and Rest Declaring he he would List no Souldiers for the War in three Years But in Eight Months his Villany was in this manner detected Otanes Son of Pharnaspes who was one of the greatest Lords of Persia suspected the Magician not to be Smerdis the Son of Cyrus and his suspition was grounded on his recluse way of Living for he never came out of the Palace nor gave Audience or access to any Persian Lord. This just doubt made him send a faithful Servant to Phedina his Daughter who with the rest of the Wives of Cambyses was in the possession and enjoyment of the Magician to ask what kind of Man lay with her if it were Smerdis the Son of Cyrus or some other She sent him word by the Messenger she could not resolve him because she had never seen Smerdis nor could she describe what kind of Man he was that had access to her Upon this her Father desir'd she would ask Attossa the Sister and Wife of Cambyses and now in the Number of those in the Possession of the Usurper To which she reply'd She could not speak to Attossa nor any other Woman the King lay with for this Man whatever he be since he became King keeps us all in different Apartments Otanes being confirmed in his suspicion by these Answers sent his faithful Servant a third time to propose what follows That she being of a Noble Family should not fear exposing her self in a danger her Father advised her to for if this Man were not Smerdis the Son of Cyrus but he whom he suspected she ought not to be enjoy'd by him nor he possess the Soveraignty he Vsurp't over the Persians but be punished as his Insolence deserved Therefore she should endeavour to feel his Head when he was asleep and if she found his Ears he was undoubtedly Smerdis the Son of Cyrus if not he must as certainly be Smerdis the Magician Phedina could not dissemble her apprehensions of the danger for if he surpriz'd her in that curiosity she could expect nothing but Death nevertheless she promised to venture and obey her Father Cyrus had cut his Magicians Ears off for some Villany committed in his time and she feeling when he was asleep found he had none and early in the Morning gave her Father notice Otanes inform'd Aspathines and Gobrias of this affair who before extreamly suspected it therefore were easily perswaded of the Truth 'T was their opinion each of them should choose a Colleague able to Act and advise with them Otanes took Intaphernes Gobrias Mâ—gabysus and Aspathines chose Hydarnes They were six in Number when Darius arrived from Susa the Metropolis of Persia of which Hystaspes his Father was Governour They joyn'd him to their Number being now seven of the Greatest Lords in the Persian Empire They consulted and reciprocally gave their Faith to each other When it came to Darius his turn he spoke in this manner For my part I believ'd no body knew the Magician Reign'd but my self and that Smerdis the Son of Cyrus was not in the World I came hither on purpose to exterminate this Impostor but since I find you are all equally inform'd of it I think it convenient now to agree what is to be done
of their coming chiding the Porters and threatning a severe Punishment for suffering any to pass and at the same time putting themselves in a posture to hinder their advancing further Whereupon these Illustrious Confederates gave each other the Signal and drawing their Swords from under their Vests soon laid the Eunuchs on the Ground running with all the hast imaginable to the Magicians Apartment where they found them together consulting on the last Accident of Prexaspes When hearing the Crys of the Eunuchs and perceiving what was done they made a Vertue of Necessity and stood upon their Defence one seizing a Bow and the other a Lance The first was useless against men that were so near and aimed at their heads the other defended himself valiantly with the Lance or rather a Halbeard with which he wounded Aspathynes in the Thigh and struck out one of Intaphernes his Eyes but none of these seven Lords were kill'd He that could not use the Bow sled into a Chamber where he lay endeavouring to barricade the Door but Darius and Gobrias entering at the same time with him prevented his Intentions The Room was dark and the Windows shut this pretended King affecting obscure places Gobrias closed with him and Darius fear'd to run his Sword into the Magician lest he should kill his Friend by mistake but Gobrias calling to him chid him for his delay chusing rather to be kill'd himself than save the Impostor Darius either by his Voice or his own good Fortune took his measures so well that he onely wounded the Magician with that stroak laying him on the Ground Five of these Lords Deliverers of their Country went out with the Heads of the Magicians leaving Aspathynes and Intaphernes wounded in the Palace to secure that whilst they shew'd the People what they had done telling the reason of their Exploit and killing all the Magicians they met The Persians were Ravisht for Joy of his Heroick Action being inraged at the same time against all they thought Magicians they destroy'd many and had not the Night hindered them none would have escapt Afterwards they kept that day a Festival called Magophonia or The Destruction of Magicians which Day none of them durst appear in publick but shut themselves up in their Houses This History is taken out of Herodotus one of the ancientest Historians whose Works have been preserved and transmitted to our Times and who flourished about the Year of the World 3573. This is in his Third Book Entituled Thalia 'T is 2213 years since it happened counting to this present year 1682. and 5655 years since the Creation of the World according to the Chronology of Conradus Functius For almost all Chronologists vary about the number of Years counting either some few more or less And this was in the year of the World 3442. that this Impostor the Magician thus shewed himself I might have begun my History long before and have spoken of the famous Semiramis Wife of Ninus the Son of Belus the second King of the Assyrians or Caldeans Some there are that confound him with his Father Belus since this crafty Queen had the subtilty to disguise her Sex and usurp the Throne of her Son Nynias so that she might pass for an Impostor Nevertheless because she had been the Wife of a mighty Monarch and that she made her self as famous as any other of the Kings of Assyria by her Victories in Asia Media Persia Aegypt Lybia Ethiopia and the Indies during her long Reign of Forty two years which began in the year of the World 1959. and also by the memorable Building of Brick which encompassed the City of Babylon of 480 Stadia or Furlongs And that I have not undertaken to speak of any but Infamous Impostors who being descended from Base and Contemptible Parentage have aspired to the Dignity of Princes and Soveraigns to make themselves the Possessors of their Estates and which Imposture of theirs has been punished with some Ignominious Death Nor will I less rank among these Notorious Impostors the Patriarch Jacob Father of the Twelve Tribes of Israel the Person in whom were deposited the great Blessing which God had promised to his chosen People though he feigned to be Esau covering his Hands and Neck with the Skin of a Kid and although he had told more than one Untruth That he came from Hunting where he had kill'd Venison and that he was his Brother Esau For in the bottom Rhebecca his Mother who had put him upon practising this deceit did not sin in the main and by consequence he was no Impostor An eminent Action when it is Just and Honourable ought not to be condemned for one that is small and imperfect So the Body ought not to be rejected because one Member is out of order The promise of God must have been accomplished That the Elder Brother must serve the Younger Herodotus gives an Account immediately after this History of the Consultation what Government should be establish'd in Persia Otanes spoke in favour of Democracy for the People Megabysus for Oligarchy or the Nobles and Darius for Monarchy whose Opinion prevail'd as also his Fortune for the Choice fell on him CHAP. II. THE Counterfeit NERO. THE Emperour Nero that Monster of Cruelty the Horrour and Aversion of Mankind believing himself condemn'd by the Senate to a Cruel and Ignominious Death though not proportionable to his Crimes found one of his Free Men call'd Epaphroditus to encourage and assist him to chuse one more milde which he gave himself in the Thirtieth Year of his Age and of the World 4033 of our Lord the Seventy first About two Years after when Otho bore the Name of Emperour an Impostor appeared in the East who had Insolence and Ambition enough to perswade the People he had a Title to the Imperial Crown which he said was torn from him by the unjust and villanous Attempts of the Senate Cornelius Tacitus gives us this Relation in the Second Book of his History whom I will endeavour to follow When Otho govern'd Rome both Greece and Asia were alarm'd with the Apprehensions of Nero's being alive many and different were the Stories of his death some reporting others believing he was yet living A Slave who came from Pontus in Asia or as others say an Italian Free-Man who could sing and play on the Harp which with the Resemblance of his Face did not a little serve to perswade the World he was the true Nero. He gathered many Fugitives and Vagabonds that knew not where to go o'recome with Want and Poverty to whom he made mighty Promises Taking shipping with them he was driven by a Storm on the Isle of Cynthus or Delos where the Mountain Cynthus was consecrated to Apollo or to Diana There he got more Souldiers who were coming from the East destroying those who refused his Service He plundered all the Merchants in the Island giving Arms to the most vigorous Slaves he could find But he try'd by all possible means
Scepter with other Jewels and Marks of Royalty He appeared in publick accompanied with his Officers and Gentlemen of his Court having two Pages on Horse-back One carried his Crown and a Bible the Other his Sword He caused a Throne to be built in the most publick place hung with Cloath of Gold on which he sate as in his Court of Justice He created twelve Judges to whom he gave so many Imaginary Kingdoms He married several Women who were drest like so many Queens He sent twenty eight Disciples Teachers of his Law about 〈◊〉 World who were all executed and put 〈◊〉 but one who cunningly made his 〈◊〉 â—â—â—â—rd â—â—â—ppeâ—doling who beâ—â—◠〈◊〉 Câ—nsul or Magistrate of the 〈◊〉 would needs be the Executioner He â—â—â—mitted many Cruelties and Extravaâ—â—ncies and the King as many in his turn 〈◊〉 heading People himself not sparing one 〈◊〉 his Wives who was grieved to see the â—â—â—eries the poor People endured by the â—â—tremity of Famine the City being beâ—â—ged by Francis Count of Waldeck their â—â—â—hop assisted by the Circles of the Emâ—â—re His False Doctrine was To deny Infants â—â—otism To Rebaptize those who had been so already To have all things in common â—o marry several wives He denied that Jesus Christ took Humane Nature from the Virâ—n Mary He denied the Pardon of Sinners abolisht Magistracy took Others Goods by Force and Extirpated those who believed not his Foolish Doctrine The 24th of June 1535. the City was taken by the skill of two Fugitives who did that good Service for the Bishop and the Besiegers John Bulchold the Impostor King Bernard Knipperdoling both Magistrate and Hangman and Crechtineh were all three Executed the 25th of Jannary 1536. being torn to pieces with Red-hot Pincers Bulchold repented and implored the Mercy of God Their Bodies were bound in Iron-Frames and hung on the highest Tower of the City the pretended King being placed in the middle a mans heighth above the rest CHAP. VI. THE False Clotaire CALLED GONDOALD THis Impostor appeared a second time in France under the Kings of the first Race in the year 586. calling himself the Son of Clotaire the first King of Soissons and by consequence Grandson to Clovis the Great I will observe what two Historians say of him those are Robert Guaguin and Paulus Aemilius both having writ the History of France His Mother Educated him from a Child like the Son of a King above all things preserving his Hair which was a Mark of the Royal Family amongst the Old French-men Clotaire his pretended Father would not own him when his Mother brought him to Soissons which perswades me that he was Illegitimate But Childebert his Uncle King of Paris who had no Child took pity of him and bred him in his Court At which Clotaire was angry and writ to him in these terms Send back to me Gondoald that I may take care of him my self and breed him up if I find him my Son for if he be not the Education of a Prince which you give him may be the occasion of Errour and Illusion in the World who may shew him those Honours which are not his due Clotaire when he had him in his power shaved his Head and shut him up in a Monastery This pretended Father dying in the year 564. Cherebert or Childebert King of Paris his elder Brother took a Kindness to him and was careful of him for some time But Cherebert was an Effeminate Prince abandoning himself to Debauchery and Women which extreamly altered his Health so that Gondoald's Happiness had but a short date For after the Death of this generous Brother of Clotaire which was in the year 565. Sigebert another of his Brothers King of Austrasia the Country which is now called Lorrain sent for him to his Court without saying how he intended to treat him and leaving him altogether in uncertainty which he nevertheless construed to his own advantage And this unhappy man no sooner arrived at the Court but he shaved him a second time and put him into a Monastery at Collein So that finding himself thus tost about he made an Escape and fled into Italy where Narses that famous Eunuch General of the Emperour Justinian's Army with admirable success made War against the Goths This was no small advantage to Gondoald to make a Friendship with one of the most Valiant and most Illustrious Captains mentioned in History Totila that Generous and Magnanimous King of the Ostrogoths whom Bellisarius the indefatigable General for the same Justinian could not entirely overcome lost both his Diadem and his Life by the Conduct of this Little Old Man of three Cubits stature who wanted one of the most Essential Parts of a Man I will onely use the words of Paulus Jovius in his Elogies of Illustrious men speaking of him Narses says he deserves an Admiration extraordinary and above all other men who being born a Slave in Persia and bred in the Seraglio or Apartment of the Empresses Women being but half a Man deprived of that Part which both Sexes most value became the Imperial Treasurer and was the only accomplisht General not only for all Military Vertue but likewise for his good Fortune whoever suffered so great a Deprivation E tanta ereptae virilitatis calamitate unicus prope cum Virtute tum fortuna Imperator extiterit It had been incomparably a greater Advantage if Gondoald could have been with this Captain in the heighth of his Favour for at that time viz. in the year 566. Justin the Second succeeded his Maternal Grandfather the Emperour Justinian who extreamly loved Narses for his Merit and the good Service he had done him having Extirpated two powerful Kings of the Ostrogoths Totila and Teias and defeated an Army of Seventy two thousand Frenchmen commanded by one Bucelin General for Theodobert King of Mets. Gornandes Archbishop of Ravenna and born a Goth is mistaken in his History when he reckons Two hundred thousand men kill'd and attributes the Victory to Bellisarius Sometime after Gondoald's Arrival the Empress Sophia perswaded by the Enemies of Narses's Glory recalled him into Italy and also treated him with great Scorn and Contempt saying He was sitter to distribute Wooll to her Women and to the Maids of her Seraglio to spin than to command an Army Which Expressions he so much resented that he called Alboin his Friend King of the Lombards out of Hungary to come into Italy who made such a Progress there that this most wise Empress was not able to put a stop to Gondoald hoped considerable Assistance from Alboin with which he designed to take from his Brothers Sigebert Chilperic and Gontran who bore the Titles of Kings of Mets Paris and Orleans the Cities where they lived and kept their Courts a more considerable Kingdom than either of them possest Narses being naturally Merciful and Religious was perswaded by the Entreaty of Pope John the Third who came to meet him at Naples how pernicious the consequence must
Emperour of Greece Whose Death I have lamented when I was in my Youth When first the unhappy News arrived his Son Henry a Valiant Prince succeeded him in the Empire and his Eldest Daughter Jane in his Earldom of Flanders Their Country holds of me and is a Feudatory of my Crown as the Earl is a Peer of my Kingdom I wish I could alter the Course of Nature and that what has happened had not been that my dear Vncle the Father of my Cousin-German whose Name and Memory is of admirable Veneration in Greece could return to Life But I cannot lightly be perswaded from the belief I have of his death and the report which hath been confirmed through the course of so many Years Most humane things especially Empires subsist by the Testimony of men Tell me then for whom you would be received If for my Vncle shew it us by some authentick proof and because the thing is unexpected it will be so much the more agreeable and give me transports of joy and satisfaction when I am convinced I have wept for my Vncle without cause and for a false Opinion whilst he that I should Reverence like a Father is restor'd to me I am glad that a few short questions will make your self judge and witness in your own Cause which the World must needs know is of the greatest Importance I ask you then If my Father King Philip treated you as his Homager and whether he gave you the Investiture of the Earldom of Flanders In what place at what time in what manner and before what Witnesses did he gird on your Sword and made you a Knight And of what Order was it Who was the Wife you Married in France Who treated the Match In what place and with what Ceremonies did you Marry her for the true Baldwyn cannot be ignorant of these matters I have exactly made a Recital of all the Questions from Paulus Aemilius that admirable Historian It is very strange that he who had so well studied the Genealogies of the Flemish Lords could not tell what Wife he Married which was Margaret Daughter to the Earl of Champagne The Annals of Flanders say it was the Bishop of Beauvais President of the Kings Counsel that askt him all these questions which may be reduced to three 1. In what place he did Homage for his Earldom of Flanders 2. By whom and in what Place he was made a Knight 3. In what Place and on what Day he Married Margaret of Champagne But this Impostor as surprized with all these Questions askt three days to answer them Perhaps one might excuse a Man for not remembring several Circumstances of the principal Actions of his Life Besides such an August Assembly before so Great a King and Magnificent a Court a Subject of such consequence before an Audience no ways favourable with the Apprehension of the Danger might distract him and hinder his answering pertinently Guaguin says That speaking Haughtily to the Points in question without sufficient Proofs of what he pretended to be the King commanded him to go out of his Realm in three days but doing him no hurt because he had given him his safe Conduct This Impostor being thus shamefully Driven away retir'd to Valenciennes in Haynault where being abandon'd by those whose hopes of advantage by this Novelty had made them promise him great assistance he disguis'd himself like a Trades-man intending to have past into Burgundy hoping to find countenance and support there but he was watcht and taken on his way by a Burgundian Gentleman Erard Castenac who sold him to the Countess Jane for four hundred Marks She put him to the torture and forc'd him by his torments to Confess his Imposture He said he was Born in Champagne and his name was Bertrand de Rayns he was led through all the Cities of Flanders and Haynault where after having been shew'd to the People he was publickly hang'd at Lisle in Flanders Famâ ancipiti jurene an injuriâ The greatest part of Europe was in doubt whether the Countess justly put this Impostor to Death The example of Peter Courtney Successor of the true Baldwyn and Henry in right of his Wife Yolante persuaded the possibility of so straight a Prison as might not give him Opportunity to inform his Subjects and Friends what misfortune had befallen him The Catastrophe of this false Baldwyn happen'd in the year of Christ 1225. and of the World 5186. CHAP. VIII Perkin Warbeck OR THE COUNTERFEIT Duke of York Son of Edward the Fourth King of England THis Impostor continued longer than any of the rest and had more Chances and happy Hours The Cruelty of Richard Duke of Glocester Son of Richard Duke of York and Brother of Edward the Fourth King of England gave Henry Earl of Richmond Grand-son of Owen Tudor and Catharine of France a Pretension to Arm against him for the Recovery of the Kingdom of England which Edward the Fourth before Duke of York and Head of the Red-Rose had usurp't from Henry the Sixth Richard Duke of Glocester had also usurp't the Crown from Edward the Fifth a young Prince of Twelve years old Eldest Son and Successor to King Edward the Fourth as likewise from his Brother Richard Duke of York his two Nephews whom he unnaturally and cruelly murthered in the Tower of London in the year 1483. It was the Person of this last Richard Duke of York and only Brother of King Edward the Fifth that this Impostor Peter Warbeck commonly called Perkin Warbeck so artfully imitated for Five or Six Years time from 1494 untill 1499 putting all England into combustion and perplexity on that Subject and giving much trouble to the new Conqueror Henry the Seventh who was before Earl of Richmond Margaret Sister to King Edward the Fourth Widow of Charles the Hardy Duke of Burgundy and Soveraign of the Seventeen Provinces of the Lower Germany produced and instructed this Counterfeit to take the Crown of England if she could have effected what she had often endeavoured from Henry the Seventh Chief of the House of Lancaster or the White-Rose whom she mortally hated This is the Truth of the Story as Polydore Virgil Historiographer to Henry the Eighth relates it in the Twenty-sixth Book of his History of England This Princess a Woman of an Ambitious and Intriguing humour had conceived a great Aversion to Henry the Seventh Exterminator of the Usurper Richard Duke of Glocester The principal cause of her Hatred proceeded from the long Enmity between his Family of Lancaster and her 's of the House of York which made her continually endeavour by all means imaginable his extirpation with the satisfaction of her own Revenge in the removal of the Crown to One of her own Party But finding all her endeavours miscarried and those of John Earl of Lincoln were come to nothing her old Inveterate temper prompted her with new Expedients more difficult for Henry to prevent She met a young man at Tourney who was handsom
going out of the Kingdom except with good Passes and to hinder all great Assemblies For the better disabusing the English from their false opinions he sent his subtlest Spies through all the Towns of Flanders to understand the Birth and Original of this Counterfeit promising large Recompence to those that could discover it Writing to his Friends on the same Subject These Emissaries exactly obeyed their Orders some of them coming to Tournay found the false Richard was Born there of the Meanest of the People his name being Peter Warbeck of which they brought very authentick Attestations Upon this the King sent a solemn Embassy to young Earl Philip in Flanders of which Sir Edward Poinings and William Warham Dr. of Laws were chief The latter of these was also a Church-man of extraordinary Parts and Modesty He made a Speech to the Lords of the Young Princes Counsel who was not of Age yet to take the Government upon himself He laid the impiousness of the Impostor before them putting them in mind of the like happening in their Country about 250 years before in the time of their Countess Jane Likewise telling them that the Effects of the King his Masters Friendship to Maximilian Father of the Prince in the War of France should not be so quickly blotted out of their memory sharply reflecting on the Conduct of the Dutchess Margaret who brought forth in her elder Years not a Child at nine Months but a Prodigy of nine score Months old The Councel after a long Debate reply'd That to gratifie the King their Earl would give no assistance to Perkin But for the Dutchess Dowager She was Mistress of her Joynture and her Actions and they would neither prescribe nor forbid her any thing The Ambassadors being return'd Henry sent divers Emissaries some to discover the Names of the Conspirators by feigning to enter into the design others to endeavour the persuading Sir Robert Clifford and William Barklay to return with the assurance of their Pardon Clifford was prevailed on but Barklay continued obstinate not returning till two Years after and till he was certain of the Kings Mercy Some of the Kings Messengers came back after having discovered many of the Conspirators Others staid longer to accompany Clifford whose coming home so much discountenanced the Plotters that they knew not whom to trust The King being informed who several of the Conspirators were caused them to be Seized and Committed to Prison in London the Chief were John Ratclif Lord Fitz-Walter Sir Simon Montfort and Sir Thomas Thwaites Knights William Dawbeney Robert Ratclif Richard Lacy with divers others Some Priests William Richeford and Thomas Ponys Dominican Fryers William Sutton Robert Laybourn and William Worsley Dean of St. Pauls The rest finding their practises were discovered fled to several places of Refuge They were all Condemned as Traytors but only these Principal were Beheaded Robert Ratclif William Dawbeney and Simon Montfort John Ratclif Lord Fitzwalter was carried to Calais where for endeavouring to make his Escape he lost his Head likewise The rest the King Pardoned Not long after Sir Robert Clifford Arrived and the King chose to speak with him in the Tower that in case he accused any Great Men about his Person he might secure them there Much discourse there was touching Cliffords Conduct some thought him all along to have been imploy'd by the King to discover the rest This was occasioned by the ready obtaining his Pardon and his Return made him equally decry'd by both Parties his Friends believing him a Cheat but the small consideration the King had of him generally convinced People he acted as he thought through his Inclination to the House of York being deceived into the persuasion it was the true Prince He threw himself at the Kings Feet giving an account what passed in Flanders and naming amongst his Accomplices Sir William Stanley It much astonished the King he being his Lord Chamberlain to whom he trusted his most Important Affairs and who had gain'd him the Crown which was wore by his assistance in the Battel against Rich. the Third the Usurper Clifford pretending to know his ill will to the King from the beginning he having declared He would never bear Arms against that Young Man if he were convinced he was the Son of King Edward Polydore Virgil says his Resentment proceeded from his not being rewarded as he thought he had deserved to be Benesicium post hominum memoriam Maximum per quod Henricus a periculo vitaeliberatus conservatusque Regnum sibi quaesivit For when the King was over-power'd at the Battel of Bosworth and like to be torn in pieces by that Squadron where his Enemy Richard was Sir William Stanly by order of his Brother Thomas who Commanded the Reserve effectually helping where he found most need charging Richard he disingaged the King and gave him the Victory These Considerations made him in some suspence but the consequence of the Example prevail'd and he was Beheaded as the rest were The King was under a necessity to use that Rigour for hindring the Insolent discourses of the common People who talkt Maliciously and Cursed him at their little Meetings saying aloud They expected every day the Duke of York and to see him on the Throne But these Executions and the Method he used in his Affairs extinguished great part of those Heats and restored many People to their Duty Giles Lord Dawbeney whose Prudence and Fidelity the King was well assured of possest the Place of Lord Chamberlain Vacant by the Death of Sir William Stanley The Irish more than ever persisting in their rash unadvisedness it was resolved to endeavour to crush those Seeds of Sedition Perkin had sown amongst them the precedent Years For which Intent the King sent Henry Denny Abbot of Langton a Wise and Contriving Man whom he designed to make Chancellor of that Kingdom making Sir Edward Poynings his Colleague who was to command the Army These two Persons representing the two Arms of Justice one holding the Scales the other the Sword shewing above the Cheats of an Impostor the Majesty of a Lawful King Non solum Armis decoratam sed Legibus armatam They had order to go where he had been and take an exact account who they were that resolved to assist him and to Arm all they could to pursue the Accomplices Ireland was divided into two sorts of Inhabitants the one Civilized through the converse with other Nations but especially the English The others Wild and Savage as any upon Earth living by Theft enclin'd to Rebellion and Novely destroying one another according to the Inclinations and Avarice of those they follow Perkin knowing the Genius and Turbulent Spirits of the latter addressed himself to them These Sir Edward Poynings attackt chiefly knowing them most Guilty but they would never stand the shock always flying to their Boggs and Mountains The other Irish did not obey his Orders nor send him Succours as they promised which made him give over
Occasion of so many Rebellions The King of Scotland could not in Honour yeild to deliver up a Man to Death whom he had raised and made his Kinsman So at last it was agreed that he should quit his Interest and command him out of his Dominions These Articles were agreed on and a Peace was made between them in the Year 1498. Henry King of England sent home this Spanish Ambassador Loaden with Presents and with great Thanks to his King and Queen Then was the Marriage projected of Prince Arthur the Kings Eldest Son and Katharine the Infanta afterwards Marryed to Henry the VIII his Second Son whose Famous Divorce caused so many Revolutions in the Kingdom About the same time King Henry Received two other Embassies One from the King of France the Other from Prince Philip Earl of Flanders Son to the Emperour Maximilan who renewed his Alliance with Him The King of Scotland exactly observed the Articles of Peace touching Perkin Warbeck being wholly disabused concerning him He sent for him and told him in short what he had done in his Favour but he found himself obliged to conclude a Peace with England and now was no longer in Circumstances to give him assistance or allow him his Court for a Retreat Therefore advised him to retire and hope a better Fortune Though this was a Fatal Blow to Warbeck it came not unforeseen by him who wanted not Understanding but extreamly thanked the King assuring him he could never acknowledge his Favours as he ought and desired acquiescing in his Orders After this with his Wife he went for Ireland with Intention either to go for Flanders to his Aunt or head the Cornish Malecontents But resolving on the latter he found the Minds of those People irritated by their Losses and easily engaged them to Mutiny He then gave out his Commissions and Formed his Army with Design to surprize some considerable Towns which might serve for a Refuge in case of ill Success With this intent he Besieged Exeter using all Endeavours to carry it by Assault and trying to seize the Gates for Petards nor Rams were not then in Use he brought Great Stones and Axes instead of those Engins which not taking effect he employ'd Fire and heaping Wood against the Gates indeavoured to burn them The Besieged used the same Expedient Fireing great quantity of Wood within their Gates by Flames preventing their Danger by Fire He then raised his Scaling Ladders and commanded the Attack to be made which was better repulsed many of his Men being left dead under the Walls the very Women throwing Stones and Scalding Water on the Besiegers King Henry being Informed what Danger the Besieged were in advanced with great Marches to their Assistance sending Detached Partys to declare His Coming In the mean time several Men of Quality got into the City with supplyes Amongst whom was Edward Courtney Earl of Devonshire and several of his Family Peter Edgcomb and William St. Maure and other Men of Noto This extreamly perplexed Perkin he could not cover his Men in any strong Place who for the most part of them were ill provided of Armes as well Offensive as Defensive and considering he was not able to resist so Powerful Enemies as were advancing towards him he raised the Siege and Marched to Taunton where he Muster'd his Men and drew them up in Battalia of which the King hearing directed his March that way many Lords Joyning Him and giving Demonstrations of their Zeal to express and Signalize their Loyalty on that Occasion The King Commanded my Lord Brook my Lord Dawbeney and Sir Richard Thomas with a Party of chosen detached Men to begin the Charge but both his Orders and their Resolutions were needless For Warbeck through his own Natural Cowardize or believing himself betray'd ran away and left his Army flying into the Monastery of Beaulieu His Officers seeing themselves abandonned lost their Resolution and tryed to save themselves by Flight The wretched Multitude being left without a Head knew not what to do whether to resolve to dye Fighting or to Implore the Kings Mercy But choosing the latter they threw down their Armes and on their Knees begged Pardon which the King granted them For certainly if their Officers had not left them it would have cost him very dear they being resolved to overcome or dye Partyes of Light-Horse were sent every way for the Apprehension of Warbeck and the Chief of his Gang But though they missed him they took most of the others his Accomplices Some of the Searchers found Katharine Huntley Wife of Perkin with her Women Her they brought to the King who was much furprized to see so Beautiful a Lady extreamly pittying her Misfortune And considering such a Noble Prize was not fit to be the Souldiers Prey but worthy an Emperor He sent her to London where he presented to the Queen this unfortunate Lady so unhappily Sacrificed to the Humour or Interests of the King her Uncle Match't to a Villain and Impostor instead of a Legitimate Prince whom she justly Merited and not the extream Grief of seeing this Counterfeit her Husband suffer the deserved Reproaches and Calumny of the Basest Profligates The King Encompast the Monastery of Beaulieu with his Army for the better securing Perkin Not being willing to Violate the Sanctuary he himself having been protected the same manner in Bretagn when Richard the Usurper demanded him Besides such was the Custome of those days Wherefore he sent him word by the Religious Men of the Monastery that he would spare his Life assuring him of his Clemency yet nevertheless at Exeter he beheaded several of the Principal Rebels punishing many of the rest which were taken in their Flight thanking that City for their Zeal and Fidelity With Warbeck in his Power he return'd for London where the People in Multitudes Flock't to see Perkin with astonishment admiring that a Forreigner of so mean Birth should undertake by his Impostures the Overthrow of so great a Kingdome and perswade so many Princes Lords and People to the Destruction of many of the Truth of those Falsehoods he till then spread abroad both of his Person and Birth There is no doubt but that the King kept him close Prisoner and justly punish't those remarkable Rebels of Cornwall Devon and Sommersetshire for which Service he sent Thomas Lord Darcy Sir Anyas Pawlet and Robert Sherburn Dean of St. Pauls with his Commission into the West where they soundly Fined Amerced every one that had Assisted or Favoured the Rebels before or after their Defeat at Black-heath But yet with consideration of such Persons who either through Fear or by Force were compell'd to do it There happened about this time a Quarrel between the English and Scotch that had like to have renewed the War Some Scotch were observed to walk under the Walls of Norham which a little before they had Besieged and the next day doing it again the English Garrison fearing they had some Design sent
out to know their Reasons and whether they came not as Spies From Words they soon came to Blows which put the Scotch who were fewer in Number to Flight leaving several Dead on the Place At this the King of Scotland was incensed demanding the Violaters of the Peace in his Letters where he highly complain'd of them The King of England tryed to appease Him promising exemplary Punishment on the Aggressors Richard Fox Bishop of Durham being extreamly displeased that the Garrison he had placed there should give Occasion of Variance between those two Monarchs who with so great Difficulty were brought to an Accord sent his Letters to King James assuring him he might expect all possible Satisfaction This Prince who very much esteemed him honoured him with an Answer and an Invitation to come and discourse of Matters The Bishop immediately informed the King his Master who permitted him to go It was in this Visit that King James told him If He did not fear a Denyal he would ask the Princess Margaret his Master's Eldest Daughter in Marriage The Bishop encouraged his Hopes undertaking to sound the Affair without ingaging His Honour in it King Henry rejoyced at the Overture and accepted it with all His Heart It was from this Marriage of the Princess Margaret to James the Fourth King of Scotland that James the Sixth of Scotland and since King of England as next Heir Inherited the Crown of England after the Death of Queen Elizabeth in the Year 1603. Now we will declare the Catastrophe and Death of the Impostor Perkin together with that of the Unfortunate Prince Edward Earl of Warwick Warbeck's Turbulent Spirit ill brooking so strait an Imprisonment endeavoured to make his Escape and finding his Guards to abate something of their first strictness got out of Prison directing his Flight towards the Sea-side for Shipping off privately which in England after Proclamation to the contrary is very difficult He was quickly miss'd and every way pursued He carefully watching hid himself in Ditches and behind the Hedges till the Horsemen that sought him were past When despairing to get out of the Island and finding himself reduced to the utmost Distress he waited the Obscurity of the Night and got to a Monastery where asking for the Prior and throwing his Arms about his Neck he declared his Misfortune The Father touched with his Misery promised to speak to the King which accordingly he did whose Piety granted his Life without other present Punishment provided he no more attempted to escape The Counterfeit was then led in Chains to London where before Westminster-Hall he was in a pair of Stocks exposed a whole Day to the Scorn and Mockery of the People The next day enduring the same in the City where he declared his Parentage the Place of his Birth and all the Passages of his Life and by what Means he was induced to make this Attempt and from thence he was conveyed into the Tower As for Young Edward Earl of Warwick he had been a Prisoner from his Cradle bred up out of the Sight of Men or Beasts So that he could not distinguish a Goose from a Hen and incapable of doing any thing worthy of death He was nevertheless brought to it by the Crimes of Others That Age being Fruitful in Impostors an Augustine Monk called Patrick suborned a Youth whose Name we find not with Promises of Raising him to the Crown and to better Fortune than Perkin Warbeck's provided he would pass for the Earl of Warwick and but leave him alone to Act the rest Ambition had such Charms with the Young Man that he undertook it and hazarded all was desired of him So they came to Canterbury where they told their forged Adventure The Fryar declaring how dextrously he had got the Earl of Warwick out of Prison and some credulous People believing the Story But before they had time to cheat the World the King sent and apprehended the Two Sparks Hanged the Youth and Immured the Monk according to the Custom of those Times Perkin continued still the same contriving and endeavouring to break loose once more and having corrupted some of his Guards design'd to Murther the Lieutenant of the Tower and carrying the Earl of Warwick with him to get out by Force which being discovered he was by the Judges condemned for this last Action only and a few days after hanged accordingly As for the Earl of Warwick he lost his Head for listening to him and intending to Escape with him This Unhappy Prince bearing the Iniquity of his Father George Duke of Clarence who was the Barbarous Murtherer of Prince Edward only Son and design'd Successor of Henry the Sixth You may imagine the Astonishment and Affliction the Dutchess Margaret was in for the Unfortunate End of her Pretended Nephew whom she had taken such Pains to set on the English Throne by so many Impostures CHAP. IX THE COUNTERFEIT Don Sebastian KING of PORTVGAL THe first Prince that gave Beginning to the Royal Family of Portugal was Henry who Married Teresa or Taresia Alphonso King of Castile's natural Daughter in the Year 1090 having the Earldom of Portugal for her Portion The King hoping he would make as Vigorous a War against the Moors as his Brother Hugh Duke of Burgundy had done giving him that Country for a Bulwark to defend his own from those Infidels towards whom it was the Frontiers He was the Son of another Henry Duke of Burgundy Grand-son of Robert Duke of the same who was Grand-son to Robert King of France Successor to Hugh Capet I do not mind the Opinions of several Historians who are much perplext to find out of what Family and Country this Henry was Theod. Godefroy one of the most Learned and most Curious Persons of his Time first discovered this Original of the Kings of Portugal and those Famous Twins Scevola and Lewis de St. Martha have Authorized it in their Genealogical History of the House of France The Princes of this Race have held the Royal Dignity and Signaliz'd their Conduct by many Victories over the Unbelievers even beyond our Hemisphere But to give an Account of their Actions is no part of my Subject therefore I will only say They have generally held the Scepter with Great Glory and without any Interruption in the Royal Family to this very Don Pedro who now Reigns with the Title of Prince Regent no Objection being to be made except two or three suspicions of Illegitimacy so that it has always been supported by the same Blood Royal. Don Sebastian whose misfortune we treat of which gave an opportunity for an Impostor to aspire and pretend to his Diadem perswading the World he Escaped from the Unhappy Battle of Alcazer at three Years Old which was in the Year 1557. Succeeded Don John the Third his Paternal Grand-Father He was Grand-son to the Emperor Charles the Fifth by his Mother Jane In his Youth he had been under the Tutulage of Donna Catharina of Austria his
their Subject This so possest the Dutchess with Rage and Jealousy that she destroy'd all she had before done for him and declared him an Impostor Xerine came soon after into Portugal to sollicite the Establishment of her Husband purely moved by her own Conjugal Affection notwithstanding his Ingratitude and had she come before he had left the Dutchess her Resentment might have been more Fatal Mademoiselle des Jardins contrary to the Idea that Strada gives of her says Her anger was the more Justifyable having granted this Counterfeit Sebastian many innocent Favours which this Accident made her think Criminal Her Aversion bearing a Proportion to her Former Kindness made her fly from one Extream to another She sent and declared to the Estates That he was a Counterfeit which she had discovered by the many Contradictions and different Stories she found him in Making a Voyage into Portugal more to raise him Enemies for his Perfidiousness than for the obtaining her Son Rainuccio that Crown And as her Anger saw plainer than her Love so it was more Active The Circumstances of the true Sebastians Death were examined by the Assembly of the Estates His defeat at Tamista was not so general but that several Persons of Note could give an Account of their Princes Fate They all affirmed They had followed him to the Side of the River Mucazen Some added They saw him drowned there And others said They had like to have perish't by endeavouring to Save him This Story no way agreed with what Xerine affirmed of finding him in the middle of the Battle But that which made most against him was the Account she gave of the Cloths he was wounded in The King's Officers affirming that they were no way like those he had on that Day But Nature had made the Subject so like the Prince and he so supported the Resemblance by his Wit and Courage that they knew not what to resolve The more they examined the greater Difficulties arose It was a horrid Crime to refuse their Lawful Prince his Crown And it could be no less to give it to an Impostor But the Death of the Counterfeit determined the Matter The Politicians look't on this Union of Don Sebastian with the Moors as very dangerous to Portugal He had Married Xerine by a most Signal Infidelity charmed with her Beauty before he came to Affrica She drew him from among the Dead and was Married to him before the Old Prince Boabdelin at Hoscore and it was impossible to bring any Obstacle by reason of the Difference of Religion she having promised to become a Christian and kept her word as soon as she Landed in Portugal Mademoiselle des Jardins says The Pretended Sebastian was with an Army raised in his Favour upon the Frontiers of Portugal where it is separated from the Kingdom of Oviedo and that being obliged to Fight his Ambition made his Courage so rash that he was made a Prisoner and carried to Lisbon where his Adversaries talked of no less than punishing his Insolence by a shameful Death But this supposed King died in Prison leaving great Suspicions that his Death was hastened He desired to see Xerine before he dyed and the last Breath being a Touch-Stone to the Artinces of Life he confest to this Princess of Morocco That he was not the King of Portugal and Conjured her not to disturb the Election after his Death This Declaration he found necessary for the Peace of his Conscience Xerine having had a Son by him who might have caused much disturbance He could not make such a Confession without great Signes of Remorse Crying Ah Madam I have deceived you more ways than one yet I can but weakly reproach my self for the Deceit which made me your Husband I should do it more not to have used it when in my Power than I can think my self Guilty for the accepting so great a Glory But Madam That which makes me Dye in Despair is That once I ceased to Love you for the hopes of a Crown which I obtained not and which a Thousand Accidents might take from me if I had gained it I was on the point of Renouncing a Heart that all the Diadems upon Earth could not justly Meritâ—â— Afflict not your self said the Generous Princess with 〈◊〉 too late and unuseful Repentance I Loved the Person of Don Sebastian more than the Splendour of his Condition I thought I had met that Person in you Those charmes which first touch't me have lost none of their Priviledge because they were not placed in a Monarch though I confess I should never have observed them in an Ordinary Man Neither my Spirit nor my Birth would have permitted me to Consider whom I had not thought a Prince but my Error became dear to me and is so still for all it is Fatal to my Peace The Name of Husband is so sacred to a Woman truely Vertuous that it wipes out any Stain which accompanies it Therefore try to overcome your Illness my dear Prince pardon that Name Fortune said she lifting her Eyes to Heaven might have given it where she gave me Rescue your self from the Arms of Death if it be possible it may be we may find you a Happiness more serene and easy than that which is denied you in Portugal He was so moved with this Excess of Generosity that he could no longer suffer the Transports of it But expired in the Arms of the Passionate Xerine whose Soul with much difficulty staid behind This Man had in the highest Degree abused the Princesses mistakes and the unconstancy which followed the first Fault was more Injurious than the Crime it self But Xerine truely Loved the Counterfeit Don Sebastian and religiously fulfilled his Desire as soon as her Grief permitted retiring into Affrica without giving the least Disturbance to the Competitors of the Crown I acknowledge to have borrowed the most agreeable Part of this Relation from Mademoiselle des Jardins her Annales Gallantes P. Mathieu in his History of Henry the Great says That Sebastian wandred through many of the Courts of Italy till he fell into the hands of the Viceroy of Naples who sent him to Philip the Second King of Spain By an Effect of whose Policy he dyed in Prison out of the sight of the World and without Witnesses He passed through all Christendom except in Portugal since the late Revolutions in 1639. for an Impostor CHAP. X. THE LIFE OF THE COUNTERFEIT Voldemar Elector and Marquis of Brandenbourg THis Man has past for an Impostor in the Opinion of most Historians as Hen. the Monk of Rebdorff in his Chronicle John Cuspinian in his Lives of the Emperors Nicholas Lutinger in his Life of Frederic the First of that Name Elector of Brandenburg and John Leunclavius in his Pandects of the Turkish History c. For my own Part after examining the Circumstances of his Story I am apt to conclude in his Favour and pity this Princes Disafter in losing his Country and being decryed by
in his Place the absent Voldemar whom they believed was dead They knew that Lewis bore a mighty Hatred to the House of Ascagne the two Electors of that Family Rodolph Duke of Saxony and Voldemar the First having opposed his Election declaring for Frederick of Austria his Rival in the Empire in the year 1313 at the Diet of Franckfort Voldemar the First starving Nicholaas Booch his Envoy in Prison for falsifying his Letters of Procuration razing out the Name of Frederick to insert that of Lewis contrary to his Master's Intention and Pleasure All these Considerations make me reasonably conclude they either thought him Living and had some News of him or were perswaded the Emperour Lewis only gave his Son the Administration of the Marquisate and Electorate of Brandenbourg till he returned or his Death was better confirmed It is almost impossible he should die in a strange Country and tell no Body who he was as likewise that the Emperour Lewis of Bavaria should send no Messengers to be assured of the Place and Circumstances of his Death when it would have saved him so much Trouble and secured so rich a Prize How many Examples are there of Princes who have quitted their Country thro' the same Motives that Voldemar did William Duke of Guienne and Earl of Portou whose eldest Daughter and Heiress Elenor was repudiated by Lewis the Seventh King of France called the Young and Married to Hen y the S cond King of England in the year 1152 also of the Old Blood of the Earls of Anjou which Lady became the occasion of most cruel Wars between those Martial Nations while her Father went on Pilgrimage to St. James of Galicia feigning himself Dead he in the mean time travelling like a miserable unknown Wretch about the World that he might exercise those rude Pennances for his Crimes after his Death being made a Saint to eternize his Memory Fiacre Son of Eugenius the Fourth King of Scotland lived a Hermite unknown to all near Meaux in France chusing a Spade before a Scepter Him also they made a Saint Julius Sabinus an Illustrious Gaul near Langres who boasted that he was descended from Julius Caesar and in the time of the Civil War between Vitellius Otho and Vespasian caused himself to be proclaimed Emperour by several Legions but having the worst in Fight lived Nine Years in a â—ave with his dearly beloved Wife Eponina where in the greatest Extremity to Poverty he had several Children by her but could not so conceal himself to avoyd Death by the Cruelty of the Emperour Vespasian who destroyed him with his Wife and Children The Proverb says Ill gotten Goods are soon lost Which was verisied in the Posterity of Lewis of Bavaria Marquis of Brandenbourg for neither He nor his two Brothers Lewis the Roman nor Otho ever possest it quietly but were constrain'd to abandon it to the Emperour Charles the 4th Thus as Carion concludes in the Fifth Book of his Chronicle the Bavarians were deprived of this Electorate and Marquisate of Brandenbourg by the same Deceits which they had used to frustrate the Princes of Anhalt after the Absence and Death of Voldemar who were justly the next Heirs CHAP. XI THE False Mustapha SON of BAJAZET The First of that Name Emperor of the Turks THere 's none can be so ignorant in History as not to have heard of Tamberlain Emperour of the Tartars and of the Victory he gain'd over Bajazet the First of that Name Emperor of the Turks In the Turkish Annals these two Monarchs are called the one Temir Can and the other Gilderum Can. The Title Can which signifies King or Lord being commonly used to any other Tartar Prince or Turkish Lord. But the Name of Tamberlain or Tamerland was given him because he was Lame which Land expresses in the Persian Tongue Some called him Temir Cuthlus signifying in the Tartarian Language a Fortunate Sword His Sirnames were The Terrour and Desolation of the East Terror Clades Orientis He also stiled himself the Wrath of God or the Instrument of his Indignation As for Bajazet he was Named Gilderum or as others say Hildrim which in the Language of the Tartars signifies the Terrour of Thunder and Lightning The Greeks called him Lelapa that is a Violent Torrent The Imposture of this False Mustapha who called himself the true Son of Bajazet certainly believed to have been killed in this great Battle where his Father was defeated and made a Prisoner obliges me to look backward and tell you of Bajazet with the Subject and Circumstances of the War Bajazet was a most Cruel and Bloody Parricide being the First who taught the Princes of his Family to Imbrew their Hands in the Blood of their nearest Relations he causing his Brother Jacup or Jacob to be strangled whom Paulus Jovius calls Solyman His Ambition was so great that without having any right but the sharper Scymitar he drove many Soveraign Princes out of their Countrys As Techrin Prince of Erzingue or Erzrum in the Greater Armenia whom some call Scander and make him King also of Armenia together with the Prince of Germian the Duzinon or Lord of Adem and others sadly experimented He had also much Afflicted Constantinople and made great Devastations in the Countrys of Emanuel Emperour of the East These expelled Princes being thus cruelly used went in Person to implore the Protection of Tamberlain against the Tyranny and Injustice of Bajazet The same Greek Emperour groaning under the severe Yoak of this Tyrant paying him Three Hundred Thousand Crowns Tribute every Year Tres myriadas Auriorum as Carion has it in his Chronicle was constrained to surrender up the City of Philadelphia to him which the Tyrant had so often Besieged in vain giving him also Hostages and being Obliged to furnish such number of Souldiers for his Wars this made him also send Ambassadours to represent his miserable condition Axalla the bravest of Tamberlain's Generals was a Christian of Genoese Extraction born at Copha in Taurica Chersonesus which was then a City and Collony under the Dominion of that State of Genoa This generous Man endeavoured also by his entreaties to perswade his Master to re-establish these Persecuted Princes and beat down the Pride and Insolencâ— of Bajazet Tamberlain was pleased to hear him express what Glory it would be to his Reputation if he should deliver the Emperour of Constantinople and the other Princes from so unjust a Tyranny The Tartar was so sensibly touched with their Misfortunes that he dispatched away a Herald to require Justice on their behalf from Bajazet at the same time sending a very Rich Vest which is always by them presented from a Superior to an Inferior This so enraged the Turk that a War was soon declared Bajazet bringing an Army of Eight Hundred Thousand Men into the Field Paulus Jovius says a Million where in a bloody Fight he was absolutely defeated and taken Prisoner The Turkish Annals mention not the numbers of either Army only
that Bajazet's was as numerous as Tamberlain's And that the Occasion of Bajazet's defeat proceeded from the generosity of the Tartars in freeing of Diest and other Nations as Germian Mentez c. which Bajazet had subjugated whose Princes were in Tamberlains Army There was none but Bulcis or Bulcogli for so they called George Son of the Despot of Servia who followed not the good Example endeavouring to exterminate the Tyrant by abandoning him as the rest did His Men behaved themselves so well to the Glory of the Christians that Tamberlain cry'd to those about him See how valiant and resolute those Dervices are Proh quam feroces truculenti sunt isti Dervisii till some of his Great Officers told him They were Christians and not that sort of Religious Turks called Dervices Turlacks The Victory fell on Tamberlain's side One Hundred and Fifty Thousand Men being Killed upon the Place This Battle was Fought in the Year 1399 and according to the most probable Opinion in the great Plain called Cassobe or Descanards near Mount Stella Memorable for the Famous Defeat that Pompey the Great gave there to Mithridates King of Pontus I find very different Accounts of this Action but follow the Turkish Annals which say that Zelebis or the Noble Mustapha the Name of Zelebis being given to all the Children of the Turkish Emperor was killed in this Fight And he being the Subject of this Discourse who must appear and pretend to the Ottoman Empire and dispute it with his Brothers and with Amurath the Second his Nephew It seemed necessary to dispose the Reader for the History and Adventures of this Impostor by the recital of what preceded it to give him a more full Idea and clear knowledge thereof The Disasters of his Father Bajazet being so annexed to his Death I will say something farther concerning them without resting on what several Authors report of Tamberlains being the most Inhumane and Bloody of Mankind and of his Extraction from the meanest of the People having been very well informed by that Excellent Book of this Conqueror's Life Written by Monsieur Sainctyon which was taken from an Arabian Historian called Alhacent who was an Occular Witness of his Actions and Military Expeditions and familiar with him which Life is very different from that Written by one Acamed Son of Gueraspes a Creature of the Ottoman Family and by consequence an Enemy to Tamberlain He was the Son of the Potent Monarch Og King of Saketay or the antient Pâ—â—shia nearly related and Successor to the Great Cham of Tartary He had two Sons Cham Sentrokius which signifies the Love of Mankind and Letrokius whose Variance occasioned the Desolation of their Country But he for the Goodness of his Life his Royal Vertues and above all his Justice and Victories might be equal'd with Alexander the Great So far was he from those Vices of Cruelty Barbarity and Rage which Paulus Jovius accuses him of Feritatem truculentiam ore truculento recedentibusque Occulis semper minaci And the Turkish Annals call him Inhumane for this reason that when Gilderum or Bajazet was taken and brought to him he conducted him to his Tent receiving him on foot with great Honour Gilderum was on Horse-back because of his Wounds supported by Tamberlain's People and being brought in they both sate down and eat together Tamberlain saying thus to him Prince we ought to give God infinite thanks and to sing Hymns of Praise to him that he has given me who am a poor Lame Man so vast an Empire extending from the furthest Parts of India to the Gates of Sivas which is Sebaste And to Thee from the Walls of this same City to the Confines of Hungary God having thus disposed so great a Part of the World between us what can such a Cripple as I desire of him more 'T is for this his great Goodness that we ought to make him our Acknowledgments It may be thou hast not done this heretofore as thou oughtest but hast been ungrateful to his Bounty for which Reason this misfortune is come upon thee Philip Camerarius in the 54th Chapter of his Historical Meditations makes him continue it further as follows Can we think the Soveraign Disposer of the World thought us the most worthy to Command so many Millions who are wiser and stronger than we That it should please Him that Thou who art almost blind shouldest be Emperor of the Turks And I who am a Tartar and Lame be the Soveraign of so many People No certainly it was not our Merit but a pure Effect of his Grace and Bounty Tamberlain sent him Doggs and Hawks either to divert him in his Trouble or reproach his extraordinary Delight in those Creatures The Turkish History saying that Gilderum kept Seven Thousand Faulconers and Six Thousand Dogs He talked so insolently to Temir on this Occasion that he exposed him to the Contempt of his Army setting him on a Mule and commanding him to be led through it Thus enduring the Mocks of the Souldiers and causing his Wife the Daughter of Eliazar the Despot of Servia whom he passionately Loved to wait half naked at his Table One Day Temir or Tamberlain asked him and desired him to Answer ingenuously If he had fallen into his Power how he would have used him Gilderum or Bajazet who was a Man of a terrible and cruel Temper answered him in a Rage thus To say the Truth if Fortune had given me the Victory and made me thy Master I would have shut thee up in an Iron Cage and so carried thee about with me Tamberlain was not ignorant of the Lex Talionis nor of that natural Law which the Emperor Alex. Severus as saith Lampridius so often repeated Do to another what you would have done to you Following the Law of the Twelve Tables of the Romans and of that famous Edict mentioned by Aulus Gellius in the First Chapt. of his Noctes Atticae where the Curious Discourse is between Sextus Cecilius the Lawyer and Phavorinus the Philosopher And therefore accordingly he shut him up in an Iron Cage Yet the Turkish Annals say He still continued his Humanity always before he decamped going to see and civilly saluting his Prisoner He assured him he would â—ere long grant what he should desire But telling him he would first carry him to Samarcand where he kept his Court and from thence send him to his own Country Bajazet was so afflicted with this that he killed himself in the Fourteenth Year of His Reign and the Fourth of his dreadful Imprisonment in the Year 1403. and of the Hegira or Flight of Mahomet 804. Theod Spandugin relates these Circumstances of it That having no other way to end his Life filled with Rage and Despair he frequently and with such violence beat his Head against the Bars of his Cage that he broke his Skull and died distracted This Emperor left Five Sons of whom Mustapha Zelebis the Eldest was lost at the Battle The Annals