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A44712 A discours of the empire, and of the election of a king of the Romans, the greatest busines of Christendom now in agitation as also of the Colledg of Electors, their particular interests, and who is most likely to be the next emperour / by J.H. Howell, James, 1594?-1666. 1658 (1658) Wing H3065; ESTC R4781 35,171 133

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for fower descents together did strangely degenerat and prov'd but poor spirited men His Son Lewis was call'd the Gentle for his soft nature Charles the Bald was of a baser alloy than hee Lewis the stuttring inferior to both Charles the grosse the last Emperour and King of France died a most disastrous death After him the Empire was soly devolv'd to the Germans Charlemain and his Dependants enjoy'd it 118 yeers then it came to the House of Saxony who held it 117 yeers The House of Suevia 110 other families wherof the House of the Count Palatine of the Rhin and of Nassaw were somtimes held the Empire 112 yeers untill it came to the House of Austria who have held it longer than any one Family ever did Now ther is a remarquable Tradition how the House of Austria came to that comble of greatnes which they report thus Rodulph Earl of Habspurg returning homeward fromhunting one day overtook a Priest that had the Eucharist under his habit comming from visiting a sick body The Earl finding he was tyr'd alighted and help'd the Priest a horsback and holding the bridle in his hand wayted upon him as a lacquay till he came to the Church and replac'd the Host upon the Altar The Priest sang an extraordinary Masse where the Earl devoutly attended all the while and pronouncing the Benediction at the end he cross'd the Earl saying that for so signal and a sweet Act of piety His House shold be one of the greatest and most glorious Families that ever was upon Earth which prov'd tru for a while after not only the German Empire but the East and West Indies with all the Dominions of Spain wherof some are the tother side of the world came to that Family And now my Lord I will proceed to the Septemvirat or Colledg of Electors wherof I promis'd an account in the beginning whose Creture the Emperour may be sayed to be for t is their breath that makes him The second Section Touching the Septemvirat or Electors of the Roman Emperour their primitive Constitution and power with their precedence and offices c. FOr two hundred yeers after Charlemain who was the Restaurator of the Occidental parts of the Roman Monarchy which had bin so pittifully shatter'd by the irruption of sundry barbarous peeple as was sayed before and therfore meritoriously stil'd the first Emperour of the West I say for a long time ther was no certain or regular way of Election and the customs was that the Emperour regnant us'd to nominate recommend his Son or neerest Kinsman to the German Princes but in the yeerabout 1000 after the Incarnation Rome began to rayse up her crest and brussle by re-demanding and challenging the Election of the Emperour alledging 't was a prerogative of Hers de jure antiquo The raking up of the ashes of this old Right was like to kindle a great fyre on both side of the Hills for the Italian Princes stuck to Her in the claym But Otho the third a prudent Prince found a way to prevent it by procuring a Cosen of his to be created Pope by the name of Gregory the fift who being a German born was so favorable and indulgent of his own Countrey that he confirm'd the choosing of the VVestern Emperour to the German Nation but the Romans with some Italian Princes stomaching heerat they depos'd Gregory and chose the Bishop of Placentia Pope in his place by the title of Iohn the ninth Otho took this in so great indignation that he suddenly rays'd an Imperial Army clammer'd or'e the Alpes and made his way by the point of the Sword towards Rome which open'd her Gates unto him without much difficulty so he seaz'd upon the person of the new Pope disoculated that counterfait light of the Church by plucking out his eyes and replac'd Gregory the fift his Cousin in Saint Peters chair with triumph Otho being victoriously return'd to Germany convoqu'd the chiefest Princes and propos'd unto them the multiplicity of inconveniences encumbrance and causes of confusion that the incertain and unestablish'd way of choosing an Emperour and his immediat Successor was subject unto therfore he desir'd them to consider of a more regular way of Election so after many mature deliberations and bandings of opinions they fell upon settling a Septemvirat viz. seven Princes in whom a plenary power shold be invested to elect an Emperour and his next Successor Herupon the Colledg of Electors was founded and constituted but they must be all within the German pale Addresses were made to the Pope about this business who not only approv'd herof but was ready to confirm the Act provided that three of the sayed Electors were Ecclesiastiques So the Western Empire was made purely Elective giving encouragements therby for Princes of Vertue and merit to aspire Herupon the Archbishop of Mentz the Archbishop of Collen and the Archbishop of Tryers were chosen for the three Spiritual and for the secular the Palsgrave of the Rhin the Duke of Saxony the Marquis of Brandenburg and in case their suffrages were equal the Duke of Bohemia made about 80 yeers after King was chosen to have a session among them and whom he nam'd of those two that they had elected shold be Emperour so that the Bohemian might be call'd rather an Umpire than an Elector in these transactions This great Act was solemnly voted and enroll'd in the Imperial Chamber and som hundred of yeers after 't was ratified and fortified by the famous Aurea Bulla the Golden Bull who regulated matters more punctually touching the Offices the Precedencies and other particulars reflecting upon the sayed Electors The Archbishop of Mentz was made High-Chancellor of Germany He of Colen High-Chancellor of Italy and he of Tryers High-Chancellor of France The Duke of Saxony was made sacri imperii Archi-Marascallus Lord high Marshall of the sacred Empire The Count Palatin of the Rhin sacri imperii Archidapifer Lord high Sewer of the sacred Empire The Marquis of Brandenburg was made sacri imperii Archicamerarius Lord high Chamberlain of the sacred Empire The Duke now King of Bohemia was made sacri imperii Archipincerna Lord chief Buttler of the sacred Empire all which offices are contracted in this tetrastique Moguntinensis Trierensis Coloniensis Quilibet Imperii fit Cancellarius horum Et Palatinus Dapifer Dux portitor ensis Marchio Praepofitus camerae Pincerna Bohemus Thus in English Mentz Colen Tryers let these Three Each of Them an Arch-Chancellor bee Duke bear the Sword Count the first Dish take up Marquis look to the Chamber Boheme the Cup So the secular Electors are compos'd of a King a Duke a Marquis and a Count Upon an occasion of a new choise these with the Ecclesiastiques were to be summon'd by the Archbishop of Mentz to assemble within three months time and to be garded by the Countrey as they passed along but their retinue was not to exceed two hundred horse wherof ther shold be but fifty armed
tragical fower murthered themselfs many also of those that were adopted Caesars and design'd to succeed in the Empire were untimely made away being rays'd to that pitch that they might perish the sooner as an Author sayes But to go more punctually to work we will muster up here most of those Emperours that came to immature and violent deaths Iulius Caesar was assassinated in the Senat. Octavius the first Augustus called so ab augendo Imperium from enlarging the Territories of the Empire was made away by his wife Livia Tiberius by Macro Caligula by Cassius Chereas Claudius poyson'd by his wife Agrippina Nero and Otho slew themselfs Galba and Vitellius were done away by the Soldiers Domitian by Stephanus Commodus by Letus and Electus Pertinax and Iulianus by the Praetorian bands Caracalla by Macrinus command Macrinus Heliogabalus Alexander Maximinus Maximus and Balbinns by the Soldiers Hostilianus by Gallus and Aemilianus and they by the Legions Valerianus died in Parthia Florianus waas ccessary to his own death Aurelianus murther'd by his own meniall servants Gallienus Quintillus Tacitus and Probus by the militia c. Now that which heighned the Spirits of the Soldiery to such infolences was the largesses and encrease of salary that the Praetorian bands us'd to receave from the new Emperour which pernicious kind of bounty was begun first by Claudius Caesar and is now practised by the Turk for evry new Sultan useth to enhance the pay of the Spahies and Ianizaries to so many aspers more for fear of mutinieng which in time may be the bane of the Ottoman Empire for such hath bin the presumption allready of the sayed Ianizaries of late yeers that they have murther'd two of their Emperours in lesse than five and twenty yeers But in the Roman Empire the military bands came to such an exorbitancy of power that somtimes they did prostitute and put the Empire to sale by publique outcry as we read how Sulpitianus offerd twenty Sestertiums which are neer upon eight pounds sterling apeece to evry Soldier but Iulianus rays'd the market higher and out-bad him But Constantine the great the first Christian Emperour and a Britain born found out the policy to regulat lessen the Praetorian bands till at last he quite casheerd them at least reduc'd them to such a nomber that they could do no hurt The removal of the Imperial Court to Constantinople though it prov'd advantagious to the Bishop of Rome who had the Citty transferr'd unto him by way of a pious donation from Constantine about his departure from Italy to the Levant as the Church Annals affirm though some by way of drollery and derogation to the Pope do say that he hath the same right to Rome as Venice hath to the dominion of the Adriatique Gulph and that they are both inserted in one patent though that patent cannot be found upon any record I say though this removall was an advantage to the Bishop of Rome yet it prov'd very prejudiciall to Italy in general and to all the Western parts of the Empire for many rough-hewn Northern Nations that desir'd to come neerer the Sun took the advantage hereby to rush in not only to Italy and harasse her so often but like so many fwarms of Locusts they cover'd other Countreys And some fear'd the like of the late Swedish Army had they prosper'd in Poland The Huuns took such firm footing that they gave the name to Hungary The Longobards to Insubria and the territoties about Milan The Goths and Vandales piercing the very heart of France overcame Spain and denominated Andaluzia Insomuch that the present King of Spain doth acknowledg himself to be de la sangre de los Godos to descend from the Goths wherby som wold inferr that he is a German not only by extraction from the House of Austria but also from the Gothique race who were a branch of the Teutons or Germans taking the word in the largest sense but more properly may Germany challenge the French and English to be her Children the first comming from the Territories of Franconia the other from the lower Circle of Saxony wherof they bear the names Saissons among the Welsh and Irish to this day But to proceed from the main subject the Eastern part of the Roman Empire bore up many ages after Constantine with som lustre in the Levant though the Northwest parts suffred many Eclipses being so pittifully dilacerated and torn by the fury of forein Nations Now the chiefest cause therof may be ascrib'd to the remotenes of the Emperours person at Constantinople who by reason of so incommunicable a distance could not reach a timely hand to assist them with auxiliaries But about the yeer eight hundred a new kind of auspicious star appeer'd in the West which was Charlemain whom the Germans do claym to be their Compatriot though they go a great way back and fetch him from Pharamond or the first race of the Kings who invaded Gallia and by way of conquest call'd it France Charlemain was the Gran-child of Charles Martell who being Maire of the Palace or chief Steward and Surintendent of the Kings Court gott his Son Pepin to be crown'd King of France over the head of Chilperic his liege lord and master Martel giving out that he did not follow the ambition of his heart but the inspirations of heaven in this act So the Scotts stories tell us that the Family of the Stewards came to be Kings of Scotland by taking their Surnames from their office for as Charles Martell was in France so the first of them was Steward of the Kings Court in Scotland Pepin though a little man did great exploits for he cross'd the Alpes and recover'd Lombardy where a race of Goths had bin Kings above 200 yeers And at his return to France conferr'd the Exarcbatship or Vicegerency of Italy upon the Bishop of Rome Charlemain his Son did higher achievments for he clammer'd ore the Pyreneans and debell'd the Saracens in Spain discomfited the Saxons and confirm'd the conquest of Italy so that he was solemnly saluted Emperour of the West at Rome by the general voice and wonderfull acclamations of the peeple and so confirm'd by the Popes benediction Leo the 4th on Christmas day Nicehporus in Constantinople storm'd extremely at first ther shold be another Emperour besides himself alledging that he was the sole Roman Emperour and accordingly us'd to send his Exarques or Viceroyes to govern Italy but not knowing how to remedy it he complied at last with Charlemagne who then kept his Court in Germany where he died and was buried at Aquisgrave leaving Ludovicus his son to succeed him who partitioning the Empire afterwards twixt his three Sonns did wonderfully enervat and enfeeble it as a great River cutt out into many armes and sluces must needs grow weaker and shallower in her first bed Now though Charlemain was an extraordinary heroique and a Magnanimous gallant man as his actions tell us yet his children
G GEnsericus the Vandal sacks Rome 5 Galba the first Emperour chosen by the Soldiers 7 A geer upon Rome and Venice 11 Of the Goths and Vandals 12 German Princes do carry Dogs for their punishment 17 German Princes feather themselfs with the Eagles Plumes 61 Germany able to raise 200 thousand electif men 54 H HUngary took name from the Huns 11 Henry the second in France had the first Title of Majesty 30 The high power of the King of the Romans 37 Hans-Towns whence derived 42 How Hamburgh first receiv'd the English staple 46 A hundred and fifty millions the revenues once of the Roman Monarchy 54 How the Imperial Towns got out of Caesars yoak 59 I IUlius Caesar cimented the Empire with his blood 7 Iulianus bought the Empire of the Soldiers 10 Imperial Towns 42 Immunities payed for monies to the Towns of the Empire 59 Ibraim the Turks Ambassador his witty Parable 64 King Iames his prophetique saying 68 K KIngs continued in Rome 140 years 7 King a more antient title than Emperour 29 Kings of Spain sometimes called Emperours 32 King of Denmark Arch-bishop of Breme 39 L THe late Swedish army like to have prov'd such another as that of the Goths and Vandals of old 11 Lombardy freed of the Goths by King Pepin 14 Lutherans a great cause of the decay of the Empire 62 The latitude of power which the Princes of the Empire have 96 The lubricity of political bodies as well as natural 108 M THe Moors and Saracens sack Rome 5 The manner of electing an Emperour 25 Majesty and other high titles how they began 30 Maximilian Duke of Bavaria takes Prague from the Palatin with a lesser army 69 Marq-Spinola takes the Palatinat 69 The Mahumetan Moon fill'd by the wane of the Christian Empire 65 Of the Marquis of Brandenburg his interest 85 N THe names of divers of the Emperours that were put to violent deaths 9 A notable saying of Charles Martel 13 The names and offices of all the Electors 21 Nothing so unlike as the present Empire and the old 53 A notable story of a Bavarian Dutchess 57 The notable symbolisation of sense 'twixt the Psalmist and a Pagan philosopher 108 O ONe of the cause that may oververthrow the Turkish Empire 9 The new Ottoman Emperour must encrease the Ianizaries pay 9 Otho the third the first Establisher of the Electors 20 The Offers of Wenceslaus to the Electors to make his Son Emperour 55 Of the Swed 82 The tremendous Oath the Electors take 103 P THe present King of Spain a Goth by descent 12 Pepin a little man but a great Conqueror 14 Pope Iohn the ninth taken Prisoner and his eyes pluck'd out 20 Palatin of the Rhin Arch-sewer of the Roman Empire 22 Parallel 'twixt the Empire pass'd and present 51 Palatin of the Rhin adjudg'd to carry a Dog for his punishment 57 The Pope a great Temporal Prince 60 The poor revenues of the Empire 53 Q QUarrell 'twixt Rome and Germany for choosing the Emperour 19 Quarrel 'twixt Queen Elizabeth and the Hans-Towns 43 Quarrel 'twixt the Count Palatin and the Duke of Bavaria touching the Vicariat of the Empire 74 Quarrel 'twixt the King of Denmark and Hamburgh 81 A thing like a quarrel 'twixt the King of Scots and the Palsgrave 97 R THe Rise of the Roman Empire 5 Rome eight times ravish'd and ransack'd 5 The Roman Emperours held their lifes from the Army 8 The Roman Monarchy shrunk from a Giantess to a Dwarf Reasons why the King of Hungary is likeliest to be Emperour 88 The revennues of the French Church 300 millions of liures and 20. 91 S THe several kinds of Goverments in Rome 7 The Stewards in Scotland and Charles Martel of France had the same beginning 13 The Septemvirat or the seven Electors 18 Staplers their first rise 43 The Suisse one of the last that fell from the Empire c. 63 The Spaniard the Popes Champion 61 The small power of the Emperour 53 A sad saying of the Turks 66 The Spaniard comes from the elder House of Austria 90 The several Interests of the Princes of Germany 85 T TOtila the Hun sacks Rome 5 The translation of the Empire to Constantinople fatal to Rome 5 Thirty Emperours put to violent deaths by the Army 8 Two Turkish Emperours kill'd in less than 25 years 9 A Tradition remarkable how the House of Austria came to be so great 26 The Turk gives place to the Emperors Ambassadors above all other 31 The Titles of the Heirs apparent to the Empire from time to time 37 The Territories of the Pope 300 miles in length 60 The Pope pretends to be Lord Paramount of England by King Iohns Grant 61 Titles of the House of Austria 89 V THe Vastnes of the old Roman Monarchy 54 The vast circumference of Rome in Vopiscus time 50 miles compass 54 A very witty embleme of the Turks Ambassador touching Germany 64 A very witty devise of the Dutchess of Bavaria to preserve her husband 58 The Vicarship of the Empire challeng'd by the Count Palatin and his reasons 74 A very witty way found by a Iesuitt to make the old Duke of Bavaria get Children 71 The Upper Palatinat the County of Cham with the Electorship conferr'd upon the Bavarian 79 W THe wantones of the peeple more than the Tarquins cause of the expulsion of Kings 6 A weak Act of the Roman Senat. 7 The Welsh and Irish have no other name for an English man but Saisson or Saxon. 12 Wenceslaus the Emperour depos'd and the manner how it was 35 Why England fell from the Roman Emperour and from the Pope 62 Were not the Imperial Eagles imp'd with Austrian feathers they wold be as bare as a Coot Gloria Honorque Deo saeclorûm in saecula sunto Chronogramma