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A01951 Playes confuted in fiue actions prouing that they are not to be suffred in a Christian common weale, by the waye both the cauils of Thomas Lodge, and the play of playes, written in their defence, and other obiections of players frendes, are truely set downe and directlye aunsweared. By Steph. Gosson, stud. Oxon. Gosson, Stephen, 1554-1624. 1582 (1582) STC 12095; ESTC S105757 41,651 123

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compasse to this key of carnall delight which wee reape by Comedies is very sore maynied and robbed of Souerainetie if delight be●●g●ea●e Next by reason of a contrariety wh●n it exceedes thus Aristotle drawing out a streight line of the office of prudence maketh it consist in giuing good counsell to liue well in which place hee counteth temperance the Nurse exceeding deligh y e corrupter of prudence But Comedyes ma●e our delight exceede for at thē many times wee laugh so extreemely that striuing to bridle our selues wee cannot therfore Plato af●irmeth y e great laughter breedeth a great change y e old prouerbe peraduenture rose of this much laughter is y e cognisāce of a soole wher● such excesse of laughter b●rsteth out y t we cannot holde it ther● is no temperance for the time where no tēperāce is ther is no wiseome nor vse of reasō when we shew our s●lues voide b●th of reason and wisedome what are we then to be thought but fooles Last of all it is a blocke in the way of reason because it locketh vp y e powres of the minde from doing their ●uetie like a kinde of drunkennes maketh vs stagger very vnfit either to speake or to walke as we shoulde in our vocation It wh●ts vs to wantō●cs because it breedeth a hunger thirst after pleasure● For whē the thing which our appetite enioyeth cānot bee receiued all at once but by succession or change we gape after more as hee y e hearing one halfe of a sentence delighteth in that is very desirous to haue the rest So in 〈◊〉 delight beeing moued with varietie of shewes of euentes of musicke the longer we gaze the mo●e we craue yea so forcible they are y t afterwards being but thought vpō they make vs seeke for the like an other time It nourisheth imperfections so long as it settes our heartes vpo● thinges that are transitorie vaine and shall perish in the twinckling of an eye it argueth a corruption in our manners because it is the windowe by which we looke into the secret corners of the soule it is the very line● and lead whereby our disposition is measured to bee roughe or smooth● streight or crooked lawefull or vnlawfull right or wrong How shall wee knowe a man to be good or euill but by the goodnes or naughtines of his will His will appeareth by the ende thereof that is counted the end wherein it resteth and the rest of our will is the delight that wee reape in the thing we holde to be good Thus we pronounce all them to bée vertuous whome we see to delight in the workes of vertue them to be wicked whome we finde to reioyce in the works of wickednes For as that is euill which rebelleth against reason and the lawes of God so is that delight to be iudged euil that is fixed in the same and the man likewise euill that so deliteth Therfore I may well say the delight which springeth of Comedies wherby superiority is giuen to affect●ons and so rebellion raysed against reason the lawes of God are brokē which bid vs come out and departe from the doctrine of the Diuell so marketh the corruption of our maners in our forehe●ddes that euery one that hath iudgmente may poynte it out● But to leaue ouer curi●u●●y to descant vpon this plainesonge of life and delight either by Aquinas or by Aristotle or by Philosophie her self I exhorte you w t Paule to beware lest any man spoyle you through Philosophy● and vaine deceite after the traditions of men and after the iudiments of the worlde and not after Christ. And s●thince we are commanded by the same Apostle as we haue receiued Christ so to walke in him let vs bring the triall of our cause to the touch of Gods worde and examine by that what the life and delight of a Christian ought to be then shall you sée my generall proposition verie strongly confirmed that Plaies are not to bee suffered in a Christian commonweale Paule commandeth the Phillippians to reioyc● in the Lord not for a day nor a wéeke nor a moneth nor a yeare but euer the reason is added that their modesty might bee knowne and why should their modesty be knowne because the Lorde is at hand by whiche Particle the delight of this life is beatē downe Christe giuing vs to vnderstand the danger of these delights wherein wée laugh with the worlde pronounceth a woe vpon them wo bee to you that laugh nowe for ye shall wéepe and lament It behooueth a Christian so to delight and reioyce nowe that he maye reioyce delight at the last daye which ioye is accomplished by this that wee are partakers of the crosse of Christe Howe farre this delight is different from Comedies is easie to bee seene with halfe an eye and if Peets haue no surer gyrthes to their sa●dle thē life and delight it will be no trouble to vnhorse them for a Christian knoweth how to delight in death Large is the groūd I might trauace in this behalfe yet for breuities sake I will passe it ouer and shewe you she life of a Christian as I promised We are taught by Paule that Christ is our life and that our life is layde vpp with Christe in God therefore by the way of comparison as Christ died and after ascended vp to heauen so he persuadeth ●s to dye that is to mortifie this ●lesh with the delights thereof and to seeke after those thinges that are aboue where Christ our life is The end of the death of Christ was that we which liue in this worlde should not liue to our selues but vnto him heere is all prerogatiue taken from vs wee are nowe no longer our owne men for if by the benefite of him wee liue our life must be his and not our own Our life is not his excepte wee crucifie the flesh with the affections and concupiscences of the same wee crucifie not the affections of our flesh when we ●esorte vnto playes to stirre them vpp therefore running to playes wee liue to our selues and not to Christe when we liue to our selues it is no li●e Yet the Authour of the Playe of Playes and Pastimes thinkes hee hath plowed such surrowes on my backe as will neuer bee filled vp againe because Comedis norish delight and delight should neuer be taken frō life This argument cuts like a Ledenhaule knife where as they say in common speach if one poure on stéele with a ladell an other comes and wipes it of with a fether Neuerthelesse heere it maye bee that my friendes of the vniuersityes will accus● me of that ausleryty which was vsed by some of the Godly long agoe who perceiuing men in all thinges naturally to passe the boundes of modesty and beeing desirous to lay some strong kinde of playster to this olde soare allowed men to vse the blessinges of God but for necessities sake prescribing them nothing but that
whiche was necessarie thus were they inioyned to abstain frō al maner of things that might be spared Which in déede is a harder yoake then the worde of God doth lay vpon vs For after this rate we should haue no more then one c●ate to our backes nor the vse of many creatures which God hath ordeined for the seruice of man Many thinges there are that the handes of God hath bestowed vpon vs not onely for necessitie but for delight as apparell meates flowers metalles and such like Apparell as well for comelines as to keepe off the iniury of the ayre Meats aswell for delight as for nutriment otherwise had the prophet neuer reckoned it vp amonge the benefits of God● that hee giueth vs wine to make our heartes glad and oyle to make vs a chearefull countenance The singuler beautie and sweetenes of flowers the varietie of colours wherein one thing excelles another had beene bestowed in vayne if the Maiesty of God had not as well regarded our delight as relieued our neede This I take to bee the foundation wherupon the Authour of the Play of Playes buildeth his strongest reason which is this because wee haue eares to heare eyes to sée and so foo●th Comedies presenting delight to both are not so rashly to bee condemned To whome I answere that the creatures of God may be vsed both fo● necessity and for delight so farre foorth as they are referred to that ende for which they were made God hath bestowed apparell foode● flowers Treasure as golde siluer pearle bewetifull and rich stones as Diamoundes Saphi●es Rubies Carbuncles Turkies Chrysolittes beesides them Yuorie ●ett and marble● of these blessings some are both necessary and delightsome some are only delightsome nothing necessary but to what end That we might vse thē well by these trāsitorie benefits be led as it were by t e hand to a cōsideratiō of thos● benefits that are layde vp for vs in the life to come We are placed as Pilgrimes in y e flesh by which as by a ●●●ney we must come to our own home therefor passing by the earth and by the flesh it is our due●y as trauelers to be carefull to vse the earth and the flesh● and the blessings of both so ●that they may further not hinder the course w● take in hande Whereupon Paule exhorteth vs to vse this world● as though● we● vsed it not by which counsell of his all affections all thoughtes all delights that may clappe any leade to our heeles or drawe vs aside when wee shoulde runne forwardes still vntill wee bee crowned are cutte away Now are we thankefull to God how lift we vp our mindes to meditate on the life to come howe vse we these blessings as helpes in the way we haue to trace whē they are riottously wasted vpon Comedies which drawe vs all backe to a sinfull delight howe vse wee the worlde as though wee vsed it not when our studies are so fixed vpon the worlde how mightely Playes pull vs backe from our trauell hath beene already declared by many strong reasons drawen from the foure causes of the same therfore to holde them tollerable because they delight is a reason altogether rude and mishapen hauing neither head to bring it in nor ●oote● to bea●● it vp But as many which show●i●g vp lustely in their youth bew●a●e the greenene●●e of their yeeres by the rawenesse of their manners and of the wiser sorte are counted for boyes though they looke like mē so I trust y ● all that haue iudgemēt will measure y e reasons of li●e delight rather by the substance that is within then by the outward shew howsoeuer they meūt or brag it out Enter euery one into your selues and whensoeuer you heare that playe againe or any man els in priuate conference commend Playes consider not so much what is spoken to colour them as what may bee spoken to confounde them It is shame to frequent playes impudency to defende them it is dangerous to fall in the enemies hande present death to be prysoners to the Diuell it is sinne in the Gentiles to set out Playes in Christians it is a presumptuous sinne because we see better wayes and take the worse we knowe their corruption and allowe them All this hath beene sufficiently proued by anciente writers and dayly reuealed by learned Preachers yet will not my countrymē leaue their Playes because Playes are the nourishers of delight wherein I perceiue they are like to the snake cut of their head they whiske with the tayle The 5 Action I Thinke you maru●ile why so many famous men in both vniuersities haue made open outcries of the inconueniences bredde by playes none of thē by printing haue taken the paines to write any full discouery against thē I especially which neither in age wisedme nor authority may be compared to them with lesse learning and more presumption hau● taken the charge vpon my selfe They hold this opiniō y t playes are not to be suffred in a Christian commonweale but they do not throughly prosecute the same because that finding the eares of their hearers stopte with the deafe ad●er they beginne to shake the dust frō their shooes against them and followe the coūsell of God him selfe which biddeth them throwe no pearles to swine The thing they condeme because it is euill they beginne to bee mute because men are obstinate in opinions What then am I the boldest in all th cōpany no. Am I more zealous thē y t rest God forbid I should rob any of those titles of vertue y t they possesse or challēge y t to my selfe which is due to them What is the reason thē y t I dare set in my foote before the rest Because that if any of thē shoulde write againste playes that occupy your pulpits with learned sermons whose knowledge authoryty heerein is great If I say they shoulde speake but one worde against y e sléepines of Magistrats which in this case is necessary to bee touchte they shall séeme streight to swerue from the texte to speake without booke and to vtter a great deale more then needs But I though my speach bee somewhat more free then theirs shal be excused for wante of iudgement● Sith I am rawe or for childish aspiring sith I am yonge Beside this hauing once already writtē against playes which no mā that euer wrote plaies did but one wh● hath chāged his coppy and turne● himself l●ke y e dog to his vomite to play● againe And being falsly accused my ●elf● to do y e like it is needfull for me to write againe These things w t indifferēcy cōsideres will persuade the reasonable y ● I haue takē this enterprise vpō me not only withou● any malepart oue●hardines but of necessity because my experience hath taught as much as any and made me able to say little lesse thē any Therfore as I haue already discouered y ● corruptiō of playes by y ● corruptiō of t●eir