after the Muster of his Army at the Lake Capra he was never seen more From which Accident a Dissention arising between the Senators and the People Julius Proculus a Nobleman came before them and affirmed upon Oath that he saw Romulus on the Hill Quirinalis in a more splendid and august Form than heretofore as a Proof of his being Deified who commanded them to cease from Seditions and to love Virtue Thus they should become Lords of the World The Romans believ'd him as one of great Authority among them therefore they built Romulus a Temple upon the Hill Quirinalis and worship'd him as a God by the Name of Quirinus NUMA POMPILIUS Second King of the Romans After the Consecration of Romulus the People growing mutinous from a long Interregnum and the want of a Successor Numa Pompilius the Son of Pompo was sent for from Cures a Town of the Sabines He came to Rome with the assurance of good Omens and that he might soften this fierce People with a Sense of Religion he instituted many holy Rites built a Temple to Vesta and appointed the Vestal Nuns He ordain'd the three Flamens for the particular Sacrifices of Jupiter Mars and Romulus and constituted the twelve Salii Priests of Mars the chief of which was called Praeful He created the High-Priest and built a Temple for Janus who was represented with two Faces the Gates of which were shut in Peace and open in War He divided the Year into twelve Months by adding January and February and made many profitable Laws pretending he did all those things by the Direction of his Wife the Nymph Egeria None of his Neighbours made War upon him out of the great respect they had of his Justice He died a natural Death and was buried in the Mount Janiculus where many years after a certain Man by Name Terentius as he was ploughing found a Stone-Chest with fourteen Books in it which containing many slight and frivolous Reasons about their Religious Ceremonies were burnt in prudence by an Order of the Senate TULLUS HOSTILIUS Third King of the Romans Tullus Hostilius for his good Service against the Sabines U.C. 82. was made King Before Ch. 668. He proclaimed War with the Albans which was ended by a Combat of three Brothers on each side the Horatii on the Romans and the Curiatii on the Albans He demolished Alba for the Treachery of Metius Fufetius their General and commanded the Inhabitants to remove to Rome He built that Senate-House from him called Hostilia and added the Mount Caelius to the City At last as he imitated the Example of Numa Pompilius in his Sacrifices he by mistaking the Ceremonies performed to Jupiter Elicius so enraged the God that he was struck dead with a Thunder-Bolt and his Palace burnt with Lightning The HORATII and the CURIATII U. C. 86. The Romans and the Albans having for a long time carried on a War under Hostilius and Fufetius Before Ch. 664. and finding their Forces daily to decrease they resolved to determine it with the loss of a few The Romans chose out three Brothers called Horatii and the Albans the three Curiatii for this Combat in which two of the Romans were presently slain and the three Albans wounded Now Horatius who survived perceiving this and judging himself unable tho not wounded to fight with three feigned a Flight and by this Stratagem kill'd them one by one pursuing him as their Wounds would permit them The Conqueror in his return laden with the Spoils of his Enemies met his Sister who wept when she saw the Embroider'd Coat of her slain Lover one of the Curiatii This Indiscretion provok'd him in his rage to kill her for which bloody Fact he was condemned by the Duumviri two Judges appointed for that purpose But apappealing to the People with the assistance of his Fathers Supplications and Tears he obtain'd his Pardon yet to expiate his Crime he was forced to go under a Gibbet which is to be seen at this day in the High-way and called Sororium METIUS FUFETIUS Metius Fufetius U. C. 88. the Alban General observing himself much hated by his Citizens for putting an end to the War by the Combat of the Horatii and the Curiatii Before Ch. 662. to make amends secretly stirr'd up the Vejentes and the Fidenates against the Romans Now Tullus upon account of the League between them demanded Fufetius's Auxiliary Forces who before the Fight drew his Army upon a Hill expecting the Event of the Battle with a design to fall in with the Conqueror Tullus understanding his Design gave publick Notice that Metius was posted there by his Order by which Artifice the Enemies were terrified and easily overcome And when Metius came the next day to congratulate him for his Victory he was by King Tullus's Command tyed to four Horses and for his Treachery pull'd in pieces ANCUS MARCIUS Fourth King of the Romans Ancus Marcius U.C. 113. Numa Pompilius's Grandson by his Daughter was not unlike his Grandfather Before Ch. 667. either in his Justice or Piety He overcame the Latins added the Hills Aventinus and Janiculus to Rome new wall'd the City and confiscated the timber of some Woods for publick Shipping He laid a Tax on Salt-Pits was the first that built a Prison and planted a Colony at Ostia situate at the Mouth of the Tiber very convenient for Trade He also instituted the Office of Heralds to assist Embassadors in demanding satisfaction which Custom was borrowed from the Aequiculi a People of Latium and reported to have been found out by Rhesus at the Siege of Troy Thus having settled these things in a very short time he was taken away by an untimely Death and by that Misfortune could not complete the Character of so great a King as his Subjects expected from him LUCIUS TARQUINIUS PRISCUS Fifth King of the Romans Lucius Tarquinius Priscus was Son of that Damaratus of Corinth U.C. 137. who flying from the Tyrant Cypselus Before Ch. 613. settled in Etruria He was first called Lucumo and came to Rome from Tarquinii a City of the Tusci In his Journey thither an Eagle took off his Cap and after a high Flight replaced it on his Head Which Tanaquil his Wife observing she from her great Skill in Augury knew by that Omen he should obtain the Kingdom Tarquinius by his Riches and Industry rais'd himself to great Honour and became a particular Favourite to King Ancus who dying left him Guardian of his Children but he governed in his own Name and ruled with such Justice as if he had been lawful Successor He chose an hundred new Senators whom he stil'd the Inferior Order and doubled the Centuries of the Knights but durst not alter their Names being discouraged by Accius Navius the Augur and fully convinc'd of his Art by the Experiment of the Whetstone cut â—n two by a Razor He overthrew the Latins built the Circus Maximus for publick Shews and
instituted the great Roman Games for manly Exercises He triumphed over the Sabines and â— hose Latins who were called Prisci He fortified the City with a Wall of Stone and rewarded the Valour of his Son who at the Age of thirteen years wounded his Enemy in a Battel giving him a Coat edg'd with Purple and a Necklace with a Golden Boss which were the Ornaments of Gentlemens Sons At last he was trapan'd out of his Palace by a Plot of Ancus's Children and murder'd by their Appointment SERVIUS TULLIUS Sixth King of the Romans Servius Tullius was the Son of Publius Corniculanus U.C. 175. and the Captive Ocrisia Before Ch. 575 He whilst he was brought up in Tarquinius Priscus's Palace a lambent Flame was seen to circle his Head Queen Tanaquil upon her Observation judg'd it as a certain Prediction of his future Dignity and thereupon perswaded her Husband to breed him up as he did his own Children When he came to Man's Estate Tarquinius Priscus made him his Son-in-Law And after the King was murder'd Tanaquil told the People from a Window that her Husband had receiv'd a dangerous tho not a mortal Wound and desired that till he was cured they would submit to Servius Tullius Thus he got the Kingdom precariously yet govern'd it with great Justice He often conquer'd the Etrusci and added the Hills Quirinalis Viminalis and Esquilinus to Rome He raised a Fortification with Trenches about the City and divided the People into four Tribes call'd Palatina Esquilina Suburrana and Collina allotting the poorer sort a proportion of Corn out of the publick Granary He settled Measures and Weights with the Distinction of the Citizens into Classes and Hundreds and was the first that made a Register of Estates till then unknown in any Country He perswaded the Latins to build a Temple to Diana on the Mount Aventinus in imitation of that at Ephesus After it was built a certain Latin had a Cow-calf of a wonderful Bigness and 't was told him in a Dream that that People should be Sovereign over the rest whose Citizens should sacrifice that young Cow to Diana The Latin drove the Cow to Mount Aventine and declar'd this Secret to a Roman Priest who cunningly told him he ought first to purifie his Hands in a clear running Stream and whilst the simple Latin went down to the Tiber the Priest sacrificed the Cow by this prudent Trick procuring Glory to himself and Empire to his People TULLIA Servius Tullius had two Daughters one of a fierce U.C. 216. and the other of a mild Disposition Before Ch. 534. and from his Remark that Tarquinius Priscus had two Sons of the fame Temper he married his fierce Daughter to Tarquinius's mild Son and his mild Daughter to his fierce that he might qualifie their Minds by the Difference of their Natures It happened both the good natur'd died either a natural Death or else by Poison Upon which the ill natur'd married from the similitude of their Humors Soon after Tarquinius Superbus by the instigation of his Wife Tullia having made a party assembled the Senate and began boldly to demand as Lawful Heir his Father's Kingdom Of which when Servius was informed he went to the Senate where he was flung down slairs by Tarquinius's Order and slain as he fled to his Palace Tullia made haste to the Forum and was the first that saluted her Husband King who order'd her to retire from the Crowd She going home beheld without any Compassion her Father 's dead Body lie expos'd in the Streets and commanded her Coach-man abhorring the Cruelty to drive over him Whence that Street was call'd Sceleratus or Wicked and this bloody Tullia afterwards banish'd with her Husband Tarquin TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS Seventh King of the Romans U.C. 219. Tarquinius Superbus obtain'd his Sirname Before Ch. 531. name from his Pride He traiterously usurp'd the Kingdom by murdering Servius Tullius yet by his great Valour he conquered the Latins and the Sabines took from the Volsci their Capital City Suessa Pometia and gain'd the Town Gabii by the Policy of his Son Sextus who pretended to revolt from him for his Cruelty He was the first that instituted the Latin Feasts as publick Marts for all the Neighbouring Cities He built Galleries for the Spectators in the Circus and made the great Common-Shoar which Ditches were called Quiritium because in that Work be had employed all the People He in laying the Foundation of the Capitol found the Head of one Tolus whence 't was predicted that Rome should become the Head of all Nations He was banish'd Rome together with his lascivious Son Sextus foâ— the Rape he commited during the Siege of Aradea upon the chast Lucretia and fled to Porsenna King oâ— Etruria by whose Assistance he endeavoured to regain his lost Kingdom but after several Repulfes he retired to Cumae a City in Campania finishing there the Remainder of his Life very ignominiously Mr. HENRY EWER From the Year 244. to 388. U. C. L. TARQUINIUS COLLATINUS and LUCRETIA his Wife WHilst Tarquinius Collatinus U.C. 244. who was Tarquinius Superbus his Sister's Son Before Ch. 506. served under his Uncle with others of his Relations at the Siege of Ardea an accidental Discourse falling out at a merry Entertainment between the young Princes concerning the Excellencies of their Wives they agreed to make Experiment of this Preference and all take Horse for Rome where the Kings Sons surprize their Careless Wives diverting themselves at a luxurious Banquet Thence they go to Collatia where Lucretia liv'd and find her spinning among her Maids for which in all their Opinions she was esteem'd the most virtuous But Sextus Tarquinius falling in love with her came back that night with a design upon her Honour and by the privilege of a Kinsman being kindly entertain'd at Collatins his House he brake into Lucretia's Chamber and ravish'd her She the next day sends for her Father and Husband from the Camp and after the Discovery of the Rape she stabs her self with a Dagger secretly conceal'd under her Garment This horrid Crime engag'd them in a Conspiracy to ruin Tarquin's Family and by their Banishment to revenge her Death LUCIUS JUNIUS BRUTUS First Roman Consul L. Junius Brutus U.C. 245. also Tarquinius Superbus his Sisters Son Before Ch. 505. fearing the same Misfortune which his Brother had suffered who for his great Riches and Wisdom was killed by his jealous Uncle pretended himself a Fool and from thence called Brutus He once for sports sake being admitted a Companion to the young Princes Titus and Aruns going to Delphi to consult the Oracle he presented Apollo with a hollow Stick fill'd with Gold and when 't was answer'd by the Priestess that he would be most powerful at Rome who should first kiss his Mother he immediately kiss'd the Earth the common Parent of all things Afterwards in revenge of Lucretia's Rape he combined with Tricipitinus and Collatinus to
that killed the Impostor set up by the Magi could speak two and twenty Languages and was so strong that he could drive a Chariot and Six Horses Whilst the Romans were quarrelling with the Allies he beat Nicomedes out of Bithynia Ariobarzanes out of Cappadocia and sent Orders all over Asia to have every Roman massacred that should be found there on a certain day which was done accordingly He seized on Greece and all the Islands that belonged to the Romans except Rhodes But Sulla beat him in a pitch'd Battel took his Fleet by the Treachery of Archelaus and totally routed him at the City Orchomenus and might have cut off his whole Army had he not been in haste to go against Marius and so was glad to make peace upon any Terms Afterwards upon his making Head against the Romans at Cabira he was overcome by Lucullus and and at another time by Pompey who gave him Battel by Night Thence he fled into his own Kingdom and upon the Rebellion of his Subjects headed by his Son Pharnaces finding the Tower beset the place of his Retreat he took a Dose of Poison which having little effect because he had formerly taken so many Antidotes when Sithocus the Gaul was sent to execute him and was startled at his Majestick Look he bade him do his Office and assisted his trembling Hand in the performance CNAEUS POMPEIUS MAGNUS U.C. 689. Cnaeus Pompeius the Great sided with Sulla in the Civil War Before Ch. 61. and behaved himself so well that he was mightily beloved by him He retook Sicily from the proscribed persons that fled thither without any opposition turned Hiarbas out of Numidia and restored Massinissa he rode in Triumph into the City when he was but Six and twenty years old and tho he was but a private Man forced Lepidus to leave Italy for endeavouring to rescind Sulla's Laws of Proscription when he was sent Praetor into Spain instead of the Consuls he conquered Sertorius and not long after cleared the Sea of Pirates within Forty Days he forced Tigranes to surrender and Mithridates to poison himself Then with great Fortune and no less Expedition he went first into the North against the Albani the Colchi the Heniochi Caspii Iberi and in the East struck Terror into the Parthians Arabians and Jews He was the first Roman that went as far as the Hyrcanian or Caspian the Red or Arabian Sea Upon the Division of the Roman Empire Crassus had the Government of Syria Caesar of Gaul and Pompey of Rome After the Death of Crassus he commanded Caesar to disband his Army but he refused to do it and coming against Pompey drove him out of the City and beat him in Pharsalia from whence he fled to Ptolemy King of Alexandria and was by his command killed by Achillas and Pothinus two of his Life-Guard Septimius Captain of the Guard stabbed him in the sight of his Wife and Children and cut off his Head which until that time had been looked upon as Sacred his Body was thrown into the River Nile but taken up by Servius Codrus and buried with this Inscription upon his Tomb. Here lies Pompey the Great His Head was wrapt up in a Cloth by Achillas and presented with his Ring to Caesar who could not forbear Tears at the sight of it and gave order to have it burnt with many rich Perfumes Mr. JAMES LLOYD From the Year 670 to 722 U. C. JULIUS CAESAR CAius Julius Caesar U.C. 697. in honor of his great Exploits sirnamed Divus Before Ch. 53. went Voluntier into Asia in the Retinue of Thermus the Praetor where by conversing too often with Nicomedes King of Bithynia he was suspected of Incontinency After this he applied himself to the Bar and prosecuted Dolobella for Bribery and had him condemned In his Voyage to Rhodes where he design'd to study under Apollonius Molo he was taken by Pyrats and paid a great Ransom yet in revenge he soon after took the same Pirats and crucified them When he was chose Praetor he subdued Lusitania and all Gaul on the other side of the Alpes and twice crossing the Ocean with his Fleet conquered Britain Upon Pompey's denying him a public Triumph he drove him out of Rome by Force of Arms and beat him at Pharsalia in Thessaly yet when his Head was brought to him in Aegypt by Achillas he wept and gave order to have it honourably buried and took the occasion of King Ptolemy's Guards setting upon him to expiate the Murder of Pompey upon them and their King The Terror of his very Name put Pharnaces the Son of Mithridates to flight He overcame Juba and Scipio in Africa the two Pompeys in a Battel at Munda in Spain and then forgiving his Enemies laid down his Arms with all private Grudges for he commanded that only Lentulus Afranius and Faustus the Son of Sylla should be put to Death He was made perpetual Dictator by the Senate and assassin'd in the Senate House by some Conspirators headed by Brutus and Cassius with Three and twenty Wounds When his Body was laid before the Pulpit where Marc Anthony made his Funeral Oration some say the Sun was Eclipsed OCTAVIANUS CAESAR U.C. 721. Caesar Octavianus was adopted from the Octavian into the Julian Family Before Ch. 29. Julius Caesar made him his Heir and to revenge his Murther he conquered Brutus and Cassius in Macedonia who were principally concerned in that Conspiracy and at the Streights of Sicily overcame Sextus Pompeius the Son of Cneus Pompeius when he endeavoured to recover his Father's Estate Upon the Coast of Actium near the Gulf of Ambracia he totally routed the Fleet commanded by Marc Antony who was deeply in love with Cleopatra and governed Syria as Consul The rest of the World was subdued by his Lieutenants The Parthians in honor to him of their own accord sent him the Standards which they had formerly taken from Crassus The Indians Scythians Sarmatians and Dacians althô he had not conquered them sent him Presents He shut the Gates of Two-faced Janus's Temple with his own Hand never shut but twice before his time once in Numa Pompilius's Reign and a second time after the first Carthaginian War The Senate made him perpetual Dictator and stil'd him Divus Augustus for his noble Actions CATO PRAETORIUS Cato Praetorius U.C. 689. great Grandson to Cato the Censor Before Ch. 61. was ever so firm to his Principles that in his youth whilst he was brought up in his Uncle Drusus's House Quintus Popedius Silo chief Magistrate of the Marsi could not persuade him either by Bribes or Threats to say That he would side with the Allies When he was Quaestor he was sent into Cyprus to fetch the Money that King Ptolemy's Estate was sold for and brought it safe to Rome with great Integrity He was so upright and just that contrary to others he voted the Death of the Catilinarian Conspirators In the Civil War between Caesar and Pompey
he sided with the latter and after his Overthrow march'd the Army through the Desarts of Africa where he delivered up his Command to Scipio that had been Consul as superior to him who was but a Praetor When his party was beaten he went to Utica where advising his Son to submit to Caesar's Mercy he kill'd himself having first read over Plato's Book of the Souls Immortality and Happiness after Death U C. 〈…〉 MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO Before Ch. 61. Marcus Tullius Cicero was born at Arpinum his Father was a Roman Knight descended from King Titus Tatius At Seven and twenty years of Age he shewed his Eloquence and Boldness of Speech in the Cause between Roscius and Sulla's Party and immediately after to secure himself went to Athens to follow his Studies and was a constant Auditor of Antiochus the Academick Philosopher from thence to improve his Eloquence he went into Asia and so to Rhodes where Molo the Graecian who was the greatest Master of Rhetorick in those Days was his Tutor and is said to have wept when he parted with him because he thought the Graecians then reputed the most eloquent Men in the World would be outdone by him He was Quaestor in Sicily and in his Aedileship condemn'd Caius Verres for Extortion in his Government He governed Cilicia under the Title of Praetor and cleared it from the Robbers who had long pestered the Country In his Consulship he put to death all that were Confederates in Catilin's Conspiracy afterwards he was banished by the Malice of Publius Clodius at the instigation of Caesar and Pompey whom he had lash'd as severely as he formerly did Sulla's Party upon suspicion of their aiming to get the Government into their Hands Piso and Gabinius the Consuls were prevailed upon by Clodius to join in this Affair and had for this Service the Provinces of Macedonia and Syria assigned them Yet soon after Pompey himself asserting his Cause in the Senate he was recalled and in the Civil War sided with him upon whose Overthrow Caesar freely pardoned him after Caesar was murthered he joyned with Augustus and declared Mark Antony an Enemy to the Common-wealth When Caesar Lepidus and Antony had made themselves Triumviri there was no likelyhood of their Agreement till Tully was cut off by the Table of Proscription Antony sent Executioners to kill him and as he lay asleep at his House at Formiae he had warning of his approaching danger by a Crow which pulled him by his Cloak they killed him in his Litter as he was making his Escape and brought his Head to Antony MARCUS BRUTUS Marcus Brutus was in the Conduct of his Life like his Uncle Cato U.C. 710. he learned Philosophy at Athens Before Ch. 40. and Rhetorick at Rhodes In his youth he was amorous Antony Gallus and he were in love with Cytheris the Actress He would not go Quaestor into Gaul being opposed by some good Men. He was in Cilicia with Appius Claudius and when his Colleague was accused of Extortion by Dolabella he himself had nothing laid to his Charge In the Civil War between Caesar and Pompey he was sent for out of Cilicia by Cato and sided with Pompey however Caesar pardoned him and sent him Proconsul into Gaul yet notwithstanding all Caesar's kindness to him he was one of the Conspirators that killed him in the Senate House Hence being sent into Macedonia because Caesar's old Soldiers were incensed against him he was overcome by Augustus at Philippi and so in despair desired his Friend Strato to kill him CAIUS CASSIUS LONGINUS U.C. 710. Caius Cassius Longinus was Quaestor in Syria under Crassus Before Ch. 40. and after he was slain retreated into Syria with the Remainder of the Army He beat Osaces King Orodes''s General at the River Orontes in Syria He was nick-named Caryota because he bought up the Dates in Syria and sold them at an unreasonable rate When he was Tribune of the People he opposed Caesar and in the Civil War served under Pompey as his Admiral However Caesar pardoned him thô after all he and Brutus were the chief of the Conspirators that assassined him and cried out to one that was afraid to kill him I would have you stab him even through me Then having raised a great Army and joined Brutus in Macedonia was overcome by Antony at Philippi where thinking that Brutus suffered the same ill Fortune with himself tho he really had worsted Caesar he bade his Freed Man Pandarus put an end to his unhappy Life But some say that Antony cryed out I have overcome him before he had notice of his Death SEXTUS POMPEIUS Sextus Pompeius U.C. 714. after his Overthrow at Munda in Spain Before Ch. 36. and his Brother Cnaeus's Death got together the Remainder of the Army and passed over into Sicily where he broke open the Work-Houses and arming the Slaves block'd up the Sea and plagued Italy with want of Provision by taking all the Ships that traffick'd thither This good Success at Sea so puffed him up that he declared himself the Son of Neptune and sacrific'd to him Bulls with gilt Horns and a Horse He was facetious in Conversation for during the Peace when he treated on Shipboard Antony and Augustus Caesar he is reported to have said not improperly Hae sunt meae Carinae which might be taken in two Senses These are my Ships or This is my House which Antony had taken possession of in the Street at Rome called Carinae But soon after Antony broke the League and Sextus being beat at Sea by Agrippa Augustus's Admiral fled into Asia and was killed by Antony's Soldiers MARC ANTONY U.C. 721. Marc Antony was Julius Caesar's Companion in all his Expeditions Before Ch. 29. at the Feasts dedicated to Pan kept on the Fifteenth of February he offered to put a Diadem upon his Head and when he was killed made an Order that Divine Honors should be paid him he dealt perfidiously with Augustus Caesar but was beaten by him at Mutina starved out of Perusium and fled into Gaul where he joined himself with Lepidus and slew Decimus Brutus having first corrupted his Army Thus having recruited his Forces he returned into Italy and was in favour again with Caesar When he was Triumvir his Uncle Lucius Caesar was the first Man that he proscribed When he was sent Commander into Syria he made War upon the Parthians and was so beaten by them that he scarce brought off with him a third part of 15 Legions into Aegypt where he fell in love with Cleopatra and was routed by Augustus in a Sea-Fight on the Coast of Actium Whence he returned to Alexandria and sitting on his Throne in his Royal Robes killed himself CLEOPATRA Queen of Aegypt Cleopatra U.C. 721. the Daughter of Ptolemy King of Aegypt Before Ch. 29. being banished by Ptolemey who was both her Husband and Brother for endeavouring to deprive him of his Kingdom in the Civil Was presented her self to Caesar at Alexandria and by her Beauty and Caresses prevailed upon him to kill Ptolemey and settle the Kingdom upon her She was so lewd that she would often prostitute her self and so beautiful that many lost their Lives to possess her Love After this she joyned her Interest with Antony and was beaten with him at Actium and under pretenee of sacrificing to his Ghost at his Tomb she put Serpents to her Breasts and died FINIS