Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	die_v	end_n	life_n	13,615	5	4.8465	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09766	The secrets and wonders of the world A booke right rare and straunge, containing many excellent properties, giuen to man, beastes, foules, fishes and serpents, trees, plants &c. Abstracted out of that excellent naturall historiographer Plinie. Translated out of French into English.; Naturalis historia. English. Abridgments	Pliny, the Elder.; Alday, John, attributed name.; I. A.	1585 (1585)	STC 20032; ESTC S110483	38,595	64

times and alwaies absolued Sicinus dictator of Rome sustained sixe score battayles he had fiue and fourtie woundes before and not one behinde Sergius was a worthie warrier he deliuered Cremona from the siege kept Placentia tooke in Fraunce twelue Castels and Townes He had his right hand cut off and he made one of Iron with the which he fought foure battailes Pitifull things are found worthy of memorie thorowe all partes among the which it commeth to my remembrance of a woman taken in Rome for to dye for offence and being put into straight Prison there to be famished her daughter had licence of the Iailer to goe sée her euery day but she was searched for feare least shée should bring her mother foode In the ende it was founde that euery day shée did giue her mother sucke with her breastes and for to satissie her she came daily The Senators hauing intelligence thereof did pardon the mother for the vertue that was in the daughter did appoint them a liuing during their liues Marueilous are the operations of humaine creatures among others onely of paintings that doe resemble the liuing so neere that there resteth nothing but the speach The king Attallus bought a table or picture of a Painter which cost a hundreth Markes Caesar bought two for eight hundreth Markes Mans age hath bene reputed great among the ancients which doe name Princes and Kings to haue liued eight hundreth yéeres and a thousand yéeres but it is by the varietie of yéeres for so me make the Sommer a yéere and the Winter another yéere and others make thrée moneths a yéere as the Arcadians and you must not stay nor iudge things by the constellation of the firmament For in one present houre many are borne as well seruants as maisters Kings and Magistrates whose Fortunes are all diuers and contrarie Many examples we haue of sicknesses Publius Cornelius Rufus in dreaming to haue lost his sight became blinde and lost his sight Some there are that liue but till middle age and others that die in their youth and nature doeth giue a man nothing better then short life To liue long the senses vnderstanding become blunt the whole members féele dolour the sight the hearing and the going faile the téeth also and the instrumēts of meats therefore age is but paine and there is a time prefixed to liue We reade no better example then of Zenophilus the Musitian that liued a hundreth and fiue yéeres without sicknesse The signes of death are to laugh in the furor and griefe of the maladie or sicknesse to be busie in folding or doubling the clothes of his bedde with his handes to voyde from one in sléeping behinde a fearefull looke with other things and therefore séeing that by experience we sée innumerable signes of death therefore there is no certaintie Sicknesses are diuers both to olde and yong Sirius died by the multitude of Serpentes procéeding from his body Some haue had an Ague all their life time Mecaenas was seuen yéeres in the ende of his dayes without sléepe Antipater liued long without sickenesse sauing that euery yéere on that day that he was borne he had the ague We reade of one that liued 157. yéeres that slept in his age 57. yéeres and wakened as though he had slept but one houre Others that haue returned a foote from their graue when they were borne to be buried Pompeus caused a mans head to bée smitten off which when it was layde againe to the body did speake an houre both to the maister of the house and to many others of the house Death bringeth repentance Some die for ioy men in the hearing of ioyfull newes of victories and women to sée their children The father of Iulius Caesar died in putting on his hose and felte before no harme Some in drinking some in writing and others in diuers maners as we daily sée by experience Aunciently the vse was among the Romaines to bury the dead but for the often battailes of the Romaines that had all the worlde in their subiection they vse to burne the dead Among men Liber Pater found first the meanes to sell and buy also Diademes for kings and for triumphes The Lady Ceres founde the meanes to sowe corne and to grinde it and therefore she was called a Goddesse For before they vsed Acornes The Assirians founde first the meane to write letters but the inuention hath bene since the beginning of the world Two brethren in Athens founde first the meanes to make houses and bricks Gellius Doxius inuented lathing and loming of walles for before they had Caues and holes in the grounde and they tooke example of the Swalowes which do make their neastes Cynira sonne to Agriope foūd out mettal of copper brasse of lead he made first many hāmers therewith Danaus was the first in Grecia that made welles digged for water Thrason made the first walles towers The Lidians found the means to dresse woolls Arachneus found the meanes to make Linnen Cāuas The Egyptians the art of medicine Lydius to mingle tēper mettals together Erichtonus found siluer Cadmeus gold in the moūtaine of Pangy The Ciclopiās were the first workers of small Iron worke Corebus the Athenian made earthē pots Theodore the Samyan made the first keyes Palamides the measures waights Phrigies the charrets wagons Penius the first trader for Marchandise Aristeus to make oyle and hony Briges of Athens did first yoke Oxen to Cart and Plough The Lacedemonians founde Harnesse and habilimēts for warre Laūces Spears swords Bucklers c. Cares the Bowe Arrowes The Phenitians the crosse bowes Belerophons first moūted vpō horses Palamides in the warre betwéene the Grekes the Troyans found the order of Stādarts signes penuōs streamers to giue warning to kéepe watch Iason did first sayle on the Sea in long Ships or Galleys Before the time there were made little ones of wood hydes since that time some haue added to thē masts sayles cabels tackelings many other things that we sée by the experience to be necessarie The first Dials were made at Rome w e water according to the course of the Sunne since they are reduced to houses Churches as it is séen at this present which was very agreable to the Romaines Finally among al the knowledge the man hath Plinie thinketh this to be the chiefest point for man to know him selfe of what estate soeuer he be The eight booke treateth of beastes that are on the Earth IN the Earth there is no beast greater then the Elephant they haue knowledge to vnderstande their Countrey speache they haue obedience and vnderstande their dueties and charges they neuer passe the Sea tyll that their master or gouernour doth promise to bring them home againe they knéele down for to be loden carrie the Ladies litters in feare prudence equitie their téeth are of Iuorie w e their other bones there are made goodly woorks they are full of

THE Secrets and wonders of the world A BOOKE RIGHT rare and straunge containing many excellent properties giuen to Man Beastes Foules Fishes and Serpents Trees Plants c. Abstracted out of that excellent naturall Historiographer Plinie Translated out of French into English At London ❧ Printed for Thomas Hacket and are to be solde at his shop in Lumberd streete vnder the Popes head 1585. To the vvorshipful and his very good friend Maister Richard Candler as one that wisheth the fauour of God long happy life encrease of worship with continuall health and felicitie SO it is worshipfull Syr I haue deuised with my selfe many times howe to gratifie you with some token of my good will towardes you but welth and abilitie lacking to accomplish my desired pretence yet nowe at the last I haue presumed knowing your wonted curtesies towardes all men to dedicate this Abstract of Plinies desiring you to take it with as good a will as I haue ment it till hereafter that some seriusser matter come to my hande and thus I bid you most hartely farewell in the Lord who keepe you and all yours prosper and preserue you in all your good and godly enterprises Amen Yours to vse T. H. To the Reader HEre hast thou gentle Reader set forth vnto thee this Booke named The Secrets and wonders of the Worlde abstracted out of the sixteene first Bookes of that excellent naturall Historiographer Plinie for the straungenesse and worthinesse thereof I referre thee to thine owne iudgement requesting thee to take this in good part shortly shal be by Gods grace set forth vnto thee three worthy and learned bookes the first is of the Cituation of the world writte by Pomponius Mela The second is a perfite Peregrination and true discouerie of Graecie Turkey Arabia and Siria with the maner of their Cities and their Antiquities The third is Iulius Sollinus Pollihistorie the which bookes thou shalt finde both to be pleasant and profitable And thus I bid thee farewel in Christ who keep vs. Amē ❧ The Secretes and wonders of the World abstracted out of the principall of the naturall Historiographers PLINIE the naturall Historiographer was borne vnder the Emperour Tyberian and died vnder Titus the Emperour that destroyed Hierusalem after the death and passion of our Lord Iesus Christ in which time he did attribute his woorkes In the first booke which is briefe he maketh his preambles In the second he treateth of the worlde and of other matters He describeth that the worlde is alone and round naturally vnmoueable although that there are certaine places moueable and that may moue by the concauites of the earth being full of winde There are foure Elementes the Earth the Water and the Fyre aboue the Ayre néere to the first firmament Which is fire natural and therefore there néedeth no wood to continue the same Vnder the Earth are the Planetes which are called Strayers and yet they moue lesse then the others but it is of the mutation of their influences of the Firmament among the which is the Sunne rector and the guider of the other Planets principall gouernour of nature The other Starres are not attributed as some doe thinke as the greatest and clearest to the rich and the least to the poore and the obscure and darke starres to those that of nature are infected For we haue no such societie with the Starres that they shoulde die with vs and therefore they are equally deuided seruing to eche one The Moone hath her Planet comming before her as the Sunne hath the day Starre she doeth encrease and diminish and sometimes is at the full a●d sometimes shée hath hornes euen as the Sunne doeth giue and take away her clearenesse The earth is betwéene them both the Moone is in the first heauen the Sunne in the fourth and when the one is highe the other is lowe and the other Starres are more higher in the Skie and therefore they séeme lesse then the Moone The obscuritie and darckenesse of the Moone cōmeth by the humours of the earth that is drawen or sucked vp from the earth By the Geometrie of this worlde the Stade which is fourtie roddes doeth containe 125. paces the whiche are 525. foote Sometimes there hath bene séene in the appearance thrée Sunnes and thrée Moones In the Aire it raineth sometimes naturally Stones suckt vp by the vapours of the earth sometimes Frogges and some time blood in diuers figures The Heliotropium in his floure doeth turne euery day and followe the Sunne The Ant doeth neuer beginne to hourde vp but in the full Moone The nature of the windes are diuers according to the diuersitie of Countreies and they procéed of the earth and of the vapours of the same which causeth sometimes in many places Earthquakes The Thunders and Lightnings doe neuer fall in the winter for the coldnesse of the ayre doth kéepe them in and choakes them and therefore they fall in the Sommer and many times they marre the Wine without touching the vessell There was a woman at Rome whose childe was slaine within her wombe by thunder and lightning and the woman had no hurt at all Thrée things there are that neuer féele any harme by thunders and lightnings the Laurel trée on the Earth the Eagle in the Skie and the Seacalse in the Sea for they neuer fall vpon their skinnes therefore best assured are they that are so clad Naturally there are signes and tokens in the earth the Sea and the Aire and therefore it hath rained sometimes Blood Stones Wooll yea great stones accumulated in the ayre by the coldnesse thereof The Rainebowe is not séene in a close and rainy day but the Sunne beames entring into the concauites of the Earth doe reflexe the Sunne and make varietie of colours by the mixture of the cloudes in the aire and is séene most commonly in the Sommer Also there are neuer lightly séene aboue two Rainbowes The earth is the mother of all liuing creatures In the aire is séene many times darkenesse clowdes the Hailes are deriued of the waters but the earth is lowly seruing to all creatures she bringeth forth Corne Wine Fruites and all kinde of things pertaining to man Shée bringeth foorth Iron Lead Golde Siluer precious Stones and Herbes seruing vnto mans health yea if that a Serpent chaunce to bite any person the earth will not receiue that Serpent when it is dead The earth is compassed round about with waters the which is more knowen by experience then by arguments and some part thereof is not inhabited towards the North because of the great colde An other part is not inhabited because of the extreame heate towards the South The middle of the earth is the Centry to the which most waightiest things doe take holde In some places there is no shadowe of the Sunne specially in Alexandria the great where as there is a déepe well without shadowe Anaxemenes Milesius was the first founders of Dials There are many signes of

or driue away those flyes that haue no sting If their sting be once broken they are tamed or faint hearted as a gelded body and can profite no more such haue places a part for to retire them They hate shéepe for they can scarce get out of their wooll Also they hate Crabbs or Creuices and if there be any sodden néere to their place the smell of them will make them die They haue many diseases and if any of them die they bring him out of their rowmes and cast him out of their Hiue as making of funeralles If their King die they do more for then they make such dolor and sorowe that they doe nothing By this and by to much taking off of their hony they die often times They haue sense and vnderstanding to heare and doe reioyce and at the sound of a Basan they will assemble When their worke is finished they flie abroade then returne to their Hyue or house Their age is seuen yéeres they neuer touch any Carion as Crowes Kites and other flyes doe Their hony commeth as it were a sweate from heauen spittle from the starres or liquor from the ayre when in the spring time the saide moisture falleth on the leaues and the Dew and the Bées receiueth it and carieth it into their Hyue The hony at the first is as cleare as water it boyleth like newe wine and purgeth the twentie day it fatteneth then it hardneth and casteth a little skinne like a scumme there is wayes how to get the hony for want of foode causeth the Bées to disperse and flye their wayes or die and to great abundance maketh them vnprofitable for they labour no more then is necessary or néedefull therefore the twelfth part is their portion that they ought to leaue them Of hony is made many medicinable things seruing to eche one Some leaue the tenth part and if it be not full but almost emptie ye ought not to touch it That hony that cleaueth together or thréedeth is not good but when incontinently it breaketh in taking of it it is a good signe Also the good smelling hony that hath a colour like gold and swéete in the tast is a signe of goodnesse The wilde hony is not so good as the other Spiders or Spinners haue within them such fertilitie that they spinne beginning in the middest and they make thréedes very subtill They make their yong ones like wormes Scorpions towards the East are very venemous and they make little wormes like Egges of which commeth their yong ones but in Italy they doe little harme They byte or sting with their tayle Locustes or Grashoppers make egges they goe on the ground with their clawes The Parthians do eate them Also Ants make egges of the which growe their yong ones and as the good flyes doe congregate their workes so they hide their soode in that earth for to liue with in the winter They haue knowledge how to deuide that great graine Acorne and they drye them that are wet in the Sommer they worke by night in the full Moone one commeth to an other for their burthens and it séemeth that in them is mutuall loue in the diligence of their worke Among other beasts they burie one another when they are dead The Butterflie commeth of a little worme in thrée dayes she groweth also of wood wherein is humiditie There are beastes full of blood that die so soone as they are full for behinde they haue no issue they are ingendred vnder Oxen and some time on Doggess In Cypres there growe in the furnaces of flies great flying flies called Piralis or Piransta that die when they are out of the fire And some there are called Hemorobios that die that day that they take life Dead flies if they be hidden or buried in ashes will reuine All beastes haue their hornes hollow sauing at the very end except the Deere Asses in India haue one horne Mā alone hath his eares vnmoueable Hares sléepe with their eyes opē so do many men which the Greekes call Corybantia The eyes of yong Swallowes will come againe if they be pulled out The eyes of man principally doth shewe loue furor folly and wisedome Great eyes signifie small witte or discretion The heart liueth first and dieth last A man hath eight ribbes on a side the Hog ten the Serpent thirtie Among foules the Batte hath téeth and no other Man groweth till he be xxi yéeres olde Blood preserueth the life of euery person that being gone no remedy but death They that haue the thickest and fattest blood are the strongest They that haue it most fine and cleare are the wisest They that haue least are fearefull The blood of an Asse is most fattest The blood of a Bull will soone waxe hard The blood of Déere and Goates is not thicke nor hardneth not Man alone will chaunge his colour euen in a moment The man that is hairie is inclined to fleshly lust If a mās haire doth not grow nor his beard it is a signe that he is barrē so is the woman that hath no haire growing on her body The haire of a mans beard commeth not as the grasse in the field that is mowed but it proceedeth from the roote There is no Male that hath any appearance of breastes but man a woman hath two in her stomacke the Cowe hath foure in her belly Goates Shéepe two the Sowes ten and some twelue Euery Pigge knoweth the dugge that they haue bene nourished with Whales and Sea calues nourish their yong ones with milke of their breastes A womans milke is vnprofitable before the seuen moneths A Cowe hath no milke before shée hath had a calfe The Asse hath milke when she beginneth to beare And to let the yōg Asse take the dammes milke before two dayes is daungerous Certaine Dames of Rome did bathe thē-selues in Asses milke for it maketh their skinne smooth and white Milke of Goates is worse to make chéese thē the milke of Kyne The milke of beasts hauing aboue foure breasts is vnprofitable to make chéese and that of two breastes is better The chiefest and best chéeses are made in Italy Zoroastes liued twentie yéeres with chéese without féeling age Man hath two féete of one length and measure and two armes with two handes The thombe and the little finger are of one measure the other two also of a measure that in the middest is longer Euery finger hath thrée ioynts and they shut or bowe inward not outwarde the thombe hath but two that bowe in like maner The Ape is the beast that most approcheth the fashion of féete hands nose and eares to man for with the foreféete he fedeth and hath the bowels like to mans At thrée yéeres man hath taken halfe his growth of height He hath the knées and armes contrary in bowing the one forwarde the other backwarde Beastes that ingender their like bowe their knées backwarde and those that make egges forewarde Nailes growe vnto eche one

yea vnto dead men as well as their beardes Birdes that haue clawes and one at the héele stretche their féete toward their tayle in flying All beastes haue féete in number equall Flyes haue sire and so haue Locustes or Grashoppers that leape because that their hinder féete are long The genitors of Wolues Fores and Rammes are of bone Bores haue them ioyning and Shepe haue them hanging The tale of fishes serueth to conduct them so it doeth to other beastes and all haue tayles except man and the Ape Those beastes haue voyce that haue lunges and artiers Others make but a sounde or noyse and murmure inwarde A Childe neuer rendreth voyce till he be wholly out of the mothers wombe They that sonest speake latest goe The voyces of men are diuers as well as their similitudes and likenesse and we vnderstand them before we sée them The voyce of men is more grauer then the voyce of women Members that growe out of time are vnprofitable as the sixt finger There was one that had two eyes behind the head but he sawe nothing It is a vaine thing saieth Aristotle to iudge any person by signes Often-times commeth iudgements of short life that is to wit few téeth very long fingers colour like to lead and other things The contrary signes of long life is to crooke the shoulders on one hand two strikes alōg to haue more then xxxij téeth great eares Great fore heads signifieth a stoute and manly courage little forehead lightnesse a round forehead wrath If the browes be straight it signifieth imbecilitie If they bende towards the nose hastinesse If they bende towards the chéekes signifieth a mocking person If they bende wholy toward the eyes malice and enuy Long eyes signifie malice The greatnesse of the eares signifieth a foolish babler The breath of a Beare is naught and worse a Lions The Serpent flieth the breath of the Elephant and the burning of Hartes horne The hony Bées oyle being cast on them dye The Scithians in their warres temper their Dartes heads in humaine blood and in Vipers poyson and if they strike any therewith there is no remedy but death The best foode for man is to eate but of one meate at one time or meale the accumulating of sauours is pestiferous and Wine maketh a smelling or stinking breath if it bée not tempered With great difficultie shall a man digest that which is taken gréedely excessiuely or hastily There is more paine in the stomacke to digest in Sommer then in Winter and in age more then in youth The vomitings that are made after excesse maketh the body colde are hurtfull to the eyes and téeth A mans body groweth and wareth grosse to vse swéete things fatte meates and good drinkes A man may easely liue seuen dayes without drinke Butter asswageth hunger and thirst neuerthelesse things excessiuely taken are hurtfull therefore it is good to deminish that away which hurteth The twelfth Booke treateth of sweete smelling Trees TRées haue life which they take of the earth There are many straunge trées in diuers countreies which vnto some are vnknowen In some places they water fine trées at the foote with wine the which profiteth much the rootes The Parthians which haue trées bearing wooll of the which is made fine Cottō cloth as it is said haue a trée bearing Apples but the fruit is not to bée eaten but they haue a meruailous smell so haue the barkes the which being in your Chest among your apparell casteth a swéete sauour or smell and this trée hath alwayes fruite some growing some dying and some ready to gather and the graftes of this trée will take in no other countrey In India there is both wood trées that will not burne in the fire There hath also béene séene a Figge trée of a great height the braunches of the same trée to spreade sixty paces and it hath leaues so brode that the Sunne beames can not by any meanes enter betwéene and therefore the fruite of this trée can not dye but the shadowe of the same is very delectable There is also in the Indias Apple trées which haue the leaues thrée cubites long and two brode bearing such great fruit that foure men can scarce eate one Apple The trées name is Pala the Apples name Aripa Pepper groweth on little trées as doeth Ienuper In the Indias it is sometimes mingled with Ienuper berries of that Countrey which haue some strength but no such taste it groweth almost white but for to last it is dryed in the smoke which causeth it to be blacke and with the shrubbes of the same trée dryed in the Sunne is made long Pepper There are other trées which in the morning after the dewe rendereth a certaine kinde of hony In Arabia there are trées which neuer cast their leaues Others that haue their floures that beginneth in the morning at the Sunne rising to open and at hye noone they are opened after noone they beginne to close and so remaine all night till the morning and the Paysauntes of that countrey say that the trée sleepeth There is the trée of Nardas the which casteth a meruailous sweete smell or odour And in Arabia of Trées growe Frankencense and Myrre Frankensence groweth in a Forrest of Arabia in a fruitfull grounde full of Fountaines pertaining to diuers persons It is a hanging matter among them to steale any thing The men do purifie them-selues and abstaine from women for a certaine space to take or gather the Frankensence otherwise they can not profite On this side the Sea it is mingled with a kinde of Rosen which is like but the difference is knowen by the colour by the breaking and by the fire for Frankensence will sooner burne and is sooner broken with your téeth Also there is in those woodes of Arabia trees bearing Myrre and the Masticke The Sabians burne no other wood wherefore they are weary of their smell In the Sea of Arabia groweth the Margets and other precious stones Synamon is the barke of a little trée which groweth in great quantitie in base Ethiopia in ful places among the bushes the best is that of the highest branches the worst is that that is nearest to the roote When there is any dewe in the Sommer it is gathered by great difficultie The trée hath no smell whē it is gréene it is gathered from the Sunne rising to the Sunne setting The shippes remaine sixe monethes for their fraught That that is caried into this countrey of Ethiopia to sell them is Glasses vessels of Copper and Brasse Wollen cloth and Linnen The worst barke or pelle is that that is soft and white Baulme groweth onely in the prouince of Iuda in two Gardens of the Kings the one cōtaining about ten Akers the other lesse and it commeth of little trees not foure foote long growing after the maner of a Vine it resembleth and is neare to the taste of Wine red in colour and fatte the fruite is cutte with a knife of