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death_n dead_a life_n resurrection_n 9,018 5 8.6668 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A62332 The history of Lapland wherein are shewed the original, manners, habits, marriages, conjurations, &c. of that people / written by John Scheffer ...; Lapponia. English Scheffer, Johannes, 1621-1679. 1674 (1674) Wing S851; ESTC R8773 138,000 147

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themselves_o that_o man_n and_o beast_n go_v the_o same_o way_n and_o will_v not_o be_v persuade_v that_o there_o be_v any_o life_n after_o this_o whereupon_o one_o georgius_n a_o laplandish_a priest_n desire_v upon_o his_o death_n bed_n that_o he_o may_v be_v bury_v among_o the_o laplander_n that_o at_o the_o last_o day_n when_o he_o shall_v rise_v together_o with_o they_o they_o may_v find_v his_o doctrine_n of_o the_o resurrection_n true_a notwithstanding_o they_o believe_v that_o something_o of_o a_o man_n remain_v after_o he_o be_v dead_a but_o they_o know_v not_o what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v the_o very_a opinion_n of_o the_o heathen_n who_o therefore_o feign_v their_o mane_n to_o be_v somewhat_o that_o do_v remain_v after_o their_o death_n a_o three_o impiety_n they_o be_v guilty_a of_o be_v join_v their_o own_o feign_a god_n with_o god_n and_o christ_n and_o pay_v they_o equal_a reverence_n and_o worship_n as_o if_o god_n and_o the_o devil_n have_v make_v a_o agreement_n together_o to_o share_v their_o devotion_n between_o they_o those_o of_o lapponia_n pithensis_n and_o luhlensis_n have_v their_o great_a and_o lesser_a god_n the_o great_a to_o who_o they_o pay_v especial_a worship_n be_v thor_n storjunkaren_n and_o the_o sun_n damianus_n à_fw-fr go_v writes_z that_o they_o worship_v the_o fire_n and_o statue_n of_o stone_n but_o those_o statue_n be_v only_o the_o image_n of_o storjunkaren_n and_o the_o fire_n be_v only_o a_o emblem_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o that_o they_o worship_v fire_n itself_o for_o a_o god_n be_v very_o false_a as_o appear_v from_o tornaeus_n who_o make_v particular_a enquiry_n into_o that_o thing_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o peucer_n who_o take_v his_o mistake_n from_o the_o wooden_a image_n of_o thor_n report_n that_o they_o worship_v wood_n so_o that_o there_o be_v only_o three_o and_o that_o among_o the_o pithense_n and_o luhlenses_n for_o the_o tornenses_n and_o kiemenses_n know_v nothing_o of_o they_o but_o in_o their_o stead_n under_o one_o common_a name_n worship_v a_o deity_n who_o they_o call_v seita_n whereof_o every_o family_n and_o almost_o every_o person_n have_v one_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v one_o chief_a idol_n to_o which_o all_o the_o neighbourhood_n pay_v devotion_n but_o though_o this_o word_n seita_n denote_v any_o god_n among_o the_o laplander_n yet_o may_v we_o suppose_v that_o under_o that_o name_n especial_o as_o it_o signify_v the_o public_a idol_n they_o worship_v the_o same_o which_o the_o luhlenses_n call_v tiermes_n or_o aijeke_v i._n e._n thunderer_n or_o father_n by_z other_o named_z thor._n and_o by_o the_o private_a idol_n they_o mean_v he_o who_o by_o the_o luhlenses_n be_v call_v storjunkare_v make_v the_o difference_n to_o consist_v not_o in_o the_o god_n but_o their_o name_n the_o tornenses_n rather_o use_v a_o general_a appellation_n and_o call_v they_o all_o seitas_fw-la whereas_o the_o luhlenses_n call_v the_o great_a term_n or_o aijeke_n and_o the_o lesser_a storjunkar_n and_o if_o one_o attend_v to_o their_o manner_n of_o worship_v these_o god_n they_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o same_o beside_o these_o great_a the_o pithense_n luhlenses_n and_o their_o neighbour_n have_v some_o inferior_a god_n as_o the_o tornenses_n likewise_o have_v though_o they_o worship_v they_o all_o under_o one_o name_n except_v only_o that_o which_o they_o call_v wiru_n accha_n signify_v a_o livonian_a old_a woman_n which_o olaus_n petr._n with_o some_o alteration_n call_v viresaka_n this_o be_v only_o the_o bare_a trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o be_v now_o whole_o rot_v but_o who_o the_o inferior_a god_n be_v or_o to_o what_o end_n they_o be_v worship_v there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v but_o we_o may_v guess_v from_o what_o we_o find_v observable_a among_o the_o other_o laplander_n first_o under_o that_o name_n they_o worship_v the_o ghost_n of_o depart_a person_n but_o especial_o of_o their_o kindred_n for_o they_o think_v there_o be_v some_o divinity_n in_o they_o and_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v harm_n just_o such_o as_o the_o roman_n fancy_v their_o mane_n to_o be_v therefore_o it_o be_v that_o they_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o they_o of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o beside_o these_o mane_n they_o worship_v other_o spectres_n and_o demon_n which_o they_o say_v wander_v about_o rock_n wood_n river_n and_o lake_n such_o as_o the_o roman_n describe_v their_o fauni_n sylvani_n and_o triton_n to_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n dread_v by_o they_o be_v genii_n whether_o good_a or_o bad_a which_o they_o suppose_v to_o fly_v in_o the_o air_n about_o christmas_n as_o we_o intimate_v before_o these_o they_o call_v juhlii_n from_o the_o word_n juhl_n denote_v at_o present_a the_o nativity_n of_o christ_n but_o former_o the_o new_a year_n and_o these_o be_v the_o god_n which_o the_o laplander_n joint_o adore_v with_o god_n and_o our_o saviour_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v now_o speak_v particular_o and_o of_o their_o respective_a worship_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o heathenish_a god_n of_o the_o laplander_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o worship_n at_o this_o day_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n that_o there_o be_v three_o principal_a god_n worship_v by_o the_o laplander_n the_o first_o be_v thor_n signify_v thunder_n in_o the_o swedish_n dialect_n call_v thordoen_n by_o the_o laplander_n themselves_o tiermes_n that_o be_v any_o thing_n that_o make_v a_o noise_n agree_v very_o well_o with_o the_o notion_n the_o roman_n have_v of_o jupiter_n the_o thunderer_n and_o the_o god_n taramis_n which_o i_o have_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o history_n of_o vpsal_n this_o tierme_n or_o thunder_n they_o think_v by_o a_o special_a virtue_n in_o the_o sky_n to_o be_v alive_a intimate_v thereby_o that_o power_n from_o whence_o thunder_n proceed_v or_o the_o thunder_a god_n wherefore_o he_o be_v by_o they_o call_v aljeke_v which_o signify_v grand_a or_o great-grand-father_n as_o the_o roman_n salute_v their_o father_n jupiter_n and_o the_o swede_n their_o gubba_n this_o aijeke_n when_o he_o thunder_v be_v by_o the_o laplander_n call_v tiermes_n by_o the_o scythian_n tarami_n and_o by_o the_o swede_n tor_n or_o toron_n this_o tierme_n or_o aijeke_v the_o laplander_n suppose_v to_o have_v power_n over_o the_o life_n and_o death_n health_n and_o sickness_n of_o man_n and_o also_o over_o the_o hurtful_a demon_n who_o frequent_a rock_n and_o mountain_n who_o he_o often_o chastise_n and_o sometime_o destroy_v with_o his_o lightning_n as_o the_o latin_n fancy_v their_o jupiter_n to_o do_v for_o which_o end_n they_o give_v he_o a_o bow_n in_o his_o hand_n to_o shoot_v the_o demon_n with_o which_o they_o call_v aijeke_n dauge_v also_o they_o give_v he_o a_o mallet_n which_o they_o call_v aijeke_v wetschera_n to_o dash_v out_o the_o brain_n of_o the_o say_v evil_a spirit_n wherefore_o because_o the_o laplander_n expect_v so_o many_o blessing_n from_o their_o tierme_n and_o believe_v he_o bestow_v life_n on_o they_o and_o preserve_v their_o health_n and_o that_o they_o can_v die_v unless_o it_o be_v his_o pleasure_n and_o drive_v away_o the_o demon_n which_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o their_o hunt_n fowl_a and_o fish_v and_o never_o hurt_v they_o but_o when_o their_o offence_n deserve_v it_o therefore_o he_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o next_o of_o the_o principal_a god_n be_v storjunkare_v which_o the_o it_o be_v a_o norwegian_a word_n junkare_o in_o that_o language_n signify_v the_o governor_n of_o a_o province_n yet_o be_v it_o use_v by_o the_o laplander_n now_o though_o perhaps_o it_o be_v not_o in_o use_n till_o some_o of_o they_o become_v subject_n to_o norway_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a name_n of_o that_o god_n for_o he_o be_v also_o call_v stourra_n pass_v i._n e._n great_a saint_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o hymn_n which_o be_v sing_v at_o his_o sacrifice_n his_o name_n they_o reverence_v very_o much_o and_o pay_v he_o frequenter_a if_o not_o great_a devotion_n than_o other_o god_n for_o they_o suppose_v he_o to_o be_v their_o tierme_n his_o lieutenant_n and_o as_o it_o be_v royal_a perfect_a add_v stoere_o which_o signify_v great_a for_o distinction_n sake_n now_o they_o worship_v storejunkar_n because_o they_o think_v that_o they_o receive_v all_o their_o blessing_n through_o his_o hand_n and_o that_o all_o beast_n and_o cattle_n be_v subject_a to_o his_o will_n and_o that_o he_o govern_v they_o as_o tiermes_n do_v man_n and_o spirit_n wherefore_o he_o can_v give_v they_o to_o who_o he_o will_v and_o none_o can_v receive_v they_o without_o his_o pleasure_n these_o beast_n therefore_o supply_v the_o laplander_n with_o meat_n and_o clothes_n it_o may_v easy_o be_v imagine_v how_o necessary_a they_o hold_v it_o to_o worship_n storjunkare_o and_o these_o be_v the_o two_o peculiar_a god_n of_o the_o laplander_n whereof_o one_o have_v the_o dominion_n over_o
and_o good_a store_n of_o dry_a wood_n he_o take_v a_o journey_n to_o the_o place_n where_o seita_n stand_v round_o about_o the_o idol_n he_o strew_v green_a bow_n of_o fir_n and_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o he_o the_o skin_n horn_n and_o skull_n of_o raindears_a at_o last_o he_o prostrate_v himself_o with_o his_o whole_a family_n before_o the_o idol_n beseech_v he_o that_o he_o will_v by_o some_o sign_n testify_v unto_o he_o that_o he_o be_v the_o true_a god_n but_o after_o a_o whole_a day_n prayer_n and_o devotion_n find_v no_o sign_n give_v he_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o combustible_a wood_n and_o burn_v down_o the_o idol_n of_o the_o town_n when_o his_o offend_a neighbour_n seek_v to_o kill_v he_o he_o ask_v they_o why_o they_o will_v not_o permit_v the_o god_n to_o revenge_v himself_o for_o the_o affront_n but_o peiwie_n become_v so_o constant_a a_o adherent_a to_o the_o christian_a religion_n that_o when_o other_o threaten_v with_o their_o charm_n to_o mischief_n he_o he_o on_o the_o contrary_n repeat_v the_o lord_n prayer_n and_o the_o apostle_n creed_n he_o burn_v all_o the_o seitas_fw-la he_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o at_o length_n send_v his_o elder_a son_n wuollaba_n to_o enorreby_n to_o do_v the_o like_a there_o for_o which_o he_o be_v force_v to_o fly_v into_o norway_n to_o avoid_v the_o inarense_n who_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o he_o there_o be_v also_o one_o clement_n a_o lappo-jenabiensis_a who_o mother_n be_v grievous_o sick_a he_o seek_v remedy_n from_o the_o drum_n but_o his_o mother_n die_v notwithstanding_o whereupon_o he_o cut_v his_o drum_n in_o piece_n allege_v that_o he_o see_v no_o use_n of_o it_o hitherto_o we_o have_v see_v the_o christian_a religion_n much_o better_o receive_v and_o improve_v by_o the_o laplander_n and_o apply_v to_o their_o daily_a conversation_n than_o what_o it_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v collect_v the_o care_n of_o those_o who_o by_o their_o authority_n counsel_n or_o ministry_n do_v promote_v it_o yet_o can_v we_o triumph_v over_o pagan_a impiety_n whole_o root_v out_o as_o shall_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n ix_o of_o some_o remains_o of_o paganism_n in_o lapland_n at_o this_o time_n by_o the_o present_a state_n of_o religion_n in_o lapland_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o all_o possible_a mean_n be_v use_v by_o their_o pious_a king_n and_o priest_n for_o the_o extirpate_v of_o superstition_n and_o its_o evil_a consequence_n nevertheless_o there_o remain_v some_o relic_n thereof_o to_o employ_v their_o far_a care_n and_o endeavour_v many_o gross_a error_n prevail_v among_o they_o which_o render_v the_o reality_n of_o their_o conversion_n suspicious_a as_o if_o they_o be_v still_o in_o love_n with_o the_o erroneous_a opinion_n of_o their_o ancestor_n especial_o some_o of_o the_o norwegian_a laplander_n who_o idolatry_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v that_o all_o their_o pretence_n to_o christianity_n be_v but_o fictitious_a but_o though_o it_o be_v impiety_n to_o believe_v this_o of_o all_o since_o experience_n show_v we_o the_o contrary_a yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o many_o of_o they_o profess_v christianity_n rather_o out_o of_o dissimulation_n than_o any_o real_a affection_n one_o chief_a reason_n why_o they_o so_o stiff_o adhere_v to_o their_o superstition_n and_o impiety_n proceed_v from_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o their_o priest_n who_o either_o take_v no_o care_n of_o instruct_v the_o people_n or_o vilify_v their_o doctrine_n by_o the_o sordidness_n of_o their_o life_n whilst_o under_o a_o pretence_n of_o propagate_a the_o gospel_n they_o endeavour_v only_o to_o advance_v their_o own_o revenue_n this_o the_o laplandens_n before_o none_o of_o the_o rich_a can_v not_o bare_a to_o see_v themselves_o oppress_v and_o disable_v by_o the_o exaction_n of_o the_o priest_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o olaus_n magnus_n strive_v to_o confute_v call_v it_o a_o impious_a and_o false_a assertion_n but_o he_o bring_v nothing_o to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o he_o say_v nor_o answer_v ziegler_n by_o tell_v a_o fair_a story_n of_o the_o industry_n and_o liberality_n of_o some_o in_o the_o southern_a part_n and_o particular_o that_o his_o brother_n joannes_n come_v to_o the_o utmost_a border_n of_o jemptia_n and_o give_v a_o large_a alm_n to_o the_o poor_a people_n there_o and_o at_o his_o own_o great_a charge_n set_v up_o a_o salt-work_n a_o far_a cause_n of_o the_o little_a improvement_n of_o christianity_n be_v the_o vastness_n of_o the_o country_n some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n live_v above_o 200_o mile_n from_o the_o christian_a church_n but_o though_o this_o cause_n be_v now_o in_o some_o degree_n remove_v by_o have_v church_n more_o frequent_o yet_o that_o inconvenience_n still_o remain_v because_o they_o be_v yet_o very_o far_o distant_a particular_o in_o lapponia_n luhlensis_n as_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v there_o be_v other_o cause_n of_o this_o unhappy_a effect_n which_o more_o particular_o reflect_v upon_o the_o native_n as_o their_o strong_a inclination_n to_o superstition_n which_o have_v be_v former_o mention_v and_o the_o occasion_n thereof_o intimate_v to_o this_o we_o may_v add_v the_o high_a estimation_n they_o have_v of_o their_o predecessor_n who_o they_o think_v more_o wise_a then_o to_o have_v be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o god_n they_o ought_v to_o adore_v or_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o worship_n wherefore_o out_o of_o reverence_n to_o they_o they_o will_v not_o recede_v from_o their_o opinion_n lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v to_o reprove_v they_o of_o ignorance_n or_o impiety_n last_o this_o happen_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o inveterate_a custom_n which_o at_o all_o time_n be_v hardly_o forget_v especial_o where_o it_o prevail_v as_o a_o law_n this_o be_v it_o that_o darken_v their_o understanding_n and_o render_v it_o incapable_a of_o discern_v between_o true_a and_o false_a for_o these_o and_o some_o other_o reason_n there_o remain_v several_a track_n of_o superstition_n and_o idolatry_n which_o require_v no_o small_a time_n to_o be_v wear_v out_o as_o we_o see_v in_o several_a of_o the_o mean_a sort_n not_o only_o in_o swedland_n but_o in_o germany_n france_n and_o other_o country_n where_o there_o be_v find_v much_o of_o the_o old_a superstition_n though_o in_o other_o thing_n they_o be_v orthodox_n enough_o among_o the_o laplander_n these_o opinion_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n for_o they_o be_v superstitious_a and_o paganish_a or_o magical_a and_o diabolical_a of_o the_o first_o sort_n some_o of_o their_o superstition_n be_v only_o vain_a and_o fabulous_a other_o very_o impious_a and_o heathenish_a as_o first_o of_o all_o their_o distinction_n between_o white_a and_o black_a day_n of_o the_o late_a sort_n they_o account_v the_o feast_n of_o s._n katherine_n and_o s._n mark_n who_o they_o call_v cantepaive_n and_o s._n clement_n upon_o which_o day_n they_o abstain_v from_o all_o business_n and_o chief_o from_o hunt_v and_o of_o this_o they_o give_v two_o reason_n first_o because_o they_o say_v if_o they_o shall_v hunt_v on_o any_o of_o those_o day_n their_o bow_n and_o arrow_n will_v be_v break_v and_o they_o shall_v forfeit_v their_o good_a success_n in_o that_o sport_n all_o the_o year_n in_o like_a manner_n they_o esteem_v the_o first_o day_n of_o christmas_n to_o be_v unlucky_a insomuch_o that_o master_n of_o family_n go_v not_o out_o of_o their_o cottage_n not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o church_n but_o send_v their_o child_n and_o servant_n for_o fear_v of_o i_o know_v not_o what_o spirit_n and_o daemon_n which_o they_o suppose_v to_o wander_v about_o the_o air_n in_o great_a company_n upon_o that_o day_n and_o that_o they_o must_v first_o be_v appease_v by_o certain_a sacrifice_n which_o we_o shall_v mention_v hereafter_o this_o superstition_n i_o suppose_v spring_v from_o a_o misinterpretation_n of_o the_o story_n which_o they_o hear_v from_o their_o priest_n how_o a_o great_a host_n of_o angel_n come_v down_o from_o heaven_n upon_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n and_o fright_v the_o shepherd_n they_o be_v likewise_o great_a observer_n of_o omen_n and_o among_o other_o they_o guess_v at_o the_o success_n of_o the_o day_n from_o the_o first_o beast_n they_o meet_v in_o the_o morning_n they_o forbid_v the_o woman_n to_o go_v out_o of_o that_o door_n through_o which_o the_o man_n go_v a_o hunt_n as_o think_v the_o way_n will_v be_v improsperous_a if_o a_o woman_n tread_v the_o same_o step_n and_o herein_o they_o be_v only_o superstitious_a but_o in_o what_o follow_v they_o be_v impious_a and_o heathenish_a as_o first_o they_o go_v to_o church_n not_o out_o of_o any_o devotion_n but_o compulsion_n next_o they_o stick_v at_o several_a principle_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n especial_o the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o dead_a the_o union_n of_o the_o body_n and_o soul_n and_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n for_o they_o fancy_n to_o
before_o he_o his_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n they_o when_v they_o perceive_v he_o to_o be_v desperate_a they_o haste_v to_o the_o victualler_n that_o keep_v the_o inn_n towards_o norway_n and_o jamptland_n and_o of_o he_o they_o buy_v ale_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n ready_a to_o sacrifice_v over_o their_o friend_n whilst_o he_o be_v alive_a when_o they_o have_v spend_v a_o whole_a day_n in_o qnaff_v they_o camme_v to_o the_o sick_a man_n hut_n and_o by_o that_o time_n find_v he_o quite_o dead_a this_o be_v a_o example_n of_o the_o late_a date_n that_o have_v happen_v in_o these_o our_o day_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o just_a and_o reasonable_a the_o complaint_n be_v which_o be_v premise_v to_o the_o charter_n of_o gustavus_n aldophus_n concern_v the_o lapland_n school_n furthermore_o it_o be_v customary_a if_o any_o die_v of_o whatever_o distemper_n all_o instant_o forsake_v the_o cottage_n where_o the_o depart_a person_n lie_v for_o they_o imagine_v which_o be_v elsewhere_o show_v that_o there_o survive_v something_o of_o the_o decease_a such_o as_o the_o ancient_a latin_n call_v manes_n and_o that_o that_o be_v not_o always_o benign_a but_o sometime_o hurtful_a for_o this_o reason_n they_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o decease_a and_o if_o the_o person_n depart_v be_v of_o the_o rich_a sort_n they_o wrap_v his_o corpse_n in_o a_o linen_n garment_n if_o a_o poor_a mean_a man_n in_o a_o woollen_a totter_a one_o so_o as_o to_o cover_v over_o as_o well_o the_o head_n as_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n this_o they_o call_v waldmar_n so_o indeed_o do_v they_o that_o be_v more_o observant_a of_o the_o christian_a rite_n then_o ordinary_a there_o as_o for_o the_o other_o they_o cover_v their_o dead_a with_o their_o own_o vestment_n and_o those_o too_o the_o best_a they_o have_v when_o alive_a as_o n._n mathias_n steuchius_n assure_v i_o by_o a_o letter_n and_o confirm_v it_o too_o by_o a_o late_a example_n that_o a_o person_n worthy_a to_o be_v credit_v relate_v to_o he_o by_o a_o inhabitant_n of_o vndersaok_n a_o near_a neighbour_n to_o lapland_n the_o body_n of_o the_o dead_a say_v he_o they_o cover_v with_o the_o best_a garment_n he_o have_v alive_a and_o shut_v it_o up_o in_o a_o bier_n they_o lay_v the_o corpse_n so_o wrap_v up_o in_o a_o coffin_n or_o funeral_n chest_n which_o be_v do_v by_o one_o peculiar_o entreat_v to_o undertake_v the_o employment_n and_o who_o must_v receive_v of_o the_o near_a kinsman_n to_o the_o decease_a person_n a_o ring_n of_o alchemy_n and_o wear_v it_o fasten_v to_o his_o right_a arm_n twe_o reason_n of_o so_o tie_v this_o ring_n be_v because_o they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o preservative_n against_o the_o harm_n the_o mane_n of_o the_o decease_a person_n may_v otherwise_o bring_v upon_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n he_o be_v fain_o to_o wear_v this_o same_o ring_n till_o the_o burial_n be_v over_o i_o suppose_v because_o than_o they_o think_v the_o ghost_n may_v be_v more_o quiet_a which_o be_v the_o ancient_a superstition_n as_o well_o of_o greek_n as_o roman_n the_o coffin_n be_v usual_o make_v of_o the_o hollow_a trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n when_o they_o have_v not_o wherewithal_o to_o make_v a_o coffin_n as_o be_v common_a with_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o barren_a mountain_n near_o norway_n they_o lay_v the_o corpse_n of_o the_o decease_a on_o a_o carr_n or_o sledge_n which_o they_o call_v akia_n instead_o of_o a_o coffin_n the_o place_n of_o their_o burial_n in_o ancient_a time_n before_o they_o turn_v christian_n be_v the_o first_o convenient_a place_n they_o meet_v withal_o for_o that_o purpose_n especial_o a_o wood._n as_o for_o they_o that_o dwell_v at_o a_o considerable_a distance_n from_o the_o church_n at_o this_o day_n they_o leave_v not_o off_o the_o custom_n of_o bury_v they_o any_o where_n where_o they_o first_o light_n with_o the_o sledge_n too_o especial_o if_o there_o be_v only_o bare_a rock_n and_o no_o tree_n to_o be_v see_v other_o on_o every_o side_n beset_v the_o sledge_n with_o the_o corpse_n too_o with_o stock_n of_o tree_n both_o above_o and_o below_o on_o each_o side_n so_o as_o that_o it_o may_v not_o contract_v filthiness_n or_o moulder_v nor_o the_o corpse_n be_v tear_v in_o piece_n or_o devour_v by_o wild_a beast_n there_o be_v some_o beside_o that_o lay_v they_o in_o cave_n and_o stop_v up_o the_o mouth_n of_o they_o with_o stone_n but_o what_o peucer_n write_v that_o they_o dig_v a_o hole_n and_o lay_v their_o dead_a body_n under_o their_o hearth_n thereby_o to_o escape_v the_o haunting_n of_o ghost_n that_o be_v neither_o know_v nor_o hear_v of_o by_o the_o laplander_n whereas_o say_v he_o they_o be_v strange_o frighten_v and_o haunt_v with_o the_o ghost_n of_o their_o kindred_n after_o death_n they_o provide_v against_o that_o by_o bury_v their_o body_n under_o their_o hearth_n by_o this_o only_a remedy_n they_o guard_v and_o protect_v themselves_o against_o the_o haunting_n and_o affrightment_n of_o demon_n this_o if_o they_o do_v no_o ghost_n afterward_o appear_v if_o they_o neglect_v to_o do_v it_o they_o be_v perpetual_o interrupt_v and_o infest_a with_o the_o apparition_n of_o their_o too_o officious_a kindred_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o bury_v the_o corpse_n under_o the_o hearth_n that_o they_o rather_o remove_v they_o to_o as_o great_a a_o distance_n as_o they_o can_v but_o it_o be_v a_o singular_a and_o memorable_a passage_n that_o those_o especial_o who_o be_v less_o observant_a of_o christian_a rite_n do_v use_n to_o bury_v with_o their_o decease_a first_o a_o hatchet_n and_o next_o a_o slint_n and_o steel_n of_o which_o ceremony_n they_o give_v this_o account_n that_o if_o they_o ever_o come_v to_o rise_v again_o in_o that_o darkness_n they_o shall_v have_v great_a need_n of_o spring_v a_o light_n to_o which_o the_o slint_n and_o steel_n may_v help_v they_o as_o likewise_o there_o will_v be_v occasion_n for_o a_o ready_a way_n wherein_o they_o may_v travel_v to_o heaven_n to_o which_o purpose_n their_o hatchet_n may_v stand_v they_o instead_o they_o especial_o that_o be_v bury_v among_o thick_a wood_n that_o if_o any_o tree_n obstruct_v their_o passage_n they_o may_v cut_v they_o down_o and_o this_o do_v they_o themselves_o at_o this_o day_n affirm_v now_o they_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o last_o day_n and_o a_o resurrection_n of_o the_o dead_a but_o i_o suppose_v it_o rather_o to_o be_v a_o ancient_a superstition_n remain_v still_o in_o these_o country_n nor_o use_v only_o by_o the_o laplander_n i_o myself_o see_v some_o few_o mile_n distant_a from_o vpsal_n rake_v out_o of_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o a_o famous_a person_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o this_o kingdom_n m._n steno_n bielke_n a_o steel_n and_o flint_n which_o that_o it_o be_v a_o relic_n only_o of_o paganism_n not_o the_o place_n only_o but_o tomb_n over_o he_o do_v sufficient_o testify_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a persuasion_n of_o pagan_n that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n for_o the_o dead_a to_o arrive_v at_o the_o abode_n of_o the_o bless_a but_o through_o darkness_n which_o they_o be_v the_o more_o afraid_a of_o because_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o country_n to_o have_v thick_a darkness_n and_o of_o more_o durance_n than_o be_v usual_a among_o other_o as_o concern_v the_o hatchet_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n whereas_o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a custom_n to_o lay_v by_o dead_a people_n their_o weapon_n of_o which_o the_o principal_a one_o among_o the_o laplander_n be_v the_o hatchet_n as_o for_o what_o appertain_v to_o the_o modern_a laplander_n olaus_n petri_n imagine_v that_o they_o bury_v these_o thing_n with_o their_o dead_a because_o they_o believe_v that_o after_o the_o resurrection_n they_o shall_v take_v the_o same_o course_n of_o life_n they_o lead_v before_o and_o for_o that_o reason_n they_o furnish_v they_o with_o the_o same_o utensil_n thus_o do_v they_o who_o be_v less_o observant_a of_o the_o christian_a ceremony_n and_o dwell_v far_a off_o from_o the_o christian_a church_n the_o other_o take_v special_a care_n to_o have_v their_o dead_a carry_v to_o the_o churchyard_n which_o too_o the_o priest_n do_v earnest_o request_v of_o they_o it_o be_v say_v too_o that_o some_o of_o they_o when_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o bury_v in_o such_o a_o place_n be_v so_o ambitious_a as_o to_o give_v money_n to_o have_v their_o decease_a bury_v not_o in_o the_o yard_n but_o the_o church_n but_o here_o none_o of_o the_o laplander_n will_v willing_o dig_v up_o a_o grave_n unless_o he_o be_v extraordinary_a poor_a such_o who_o the_o rich_a of_o they_o hire_n at_o a_o considerable_a rate_n to_o such_o a_o employment_n or_o some_o other_o of_o swedland_n who_o they_o can_v procure_v so_o