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A54203 The reasonableness of toleration, and the unreasonableness of penal laws and tests wherein is prov'd by Scripture, reason and antiquity, that liberty of conscience is the undoubted right of every man, and tends to the flourishing of kingdoms and commonwealths, and that persecution for meer religion is unwarrantable, unjust, and destructive to humane society, with examples of both kinds. Penn, William, 1644-1718. 1687 (1687) Wing P1352; ESTC R23116 25,930 41

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Massacre then which there never was a more Inhumane piece of Barbarity known among the Heathens themselves But what was the Advantage of their Butchery What the Issue of it to the King after he had emptyed his Kingdom of ten thousand of his Subjects among which five hundred all Persons of Quality In the first place upon too late a Consideration a deep Repentance for having given his Consent and a Resolution had he liv'd to have Punished his Advisors then every Night his Slumbers interrupted with nocturnal Terrors till having linger'd under most grievous and tedious Pains and long perceiv'd his death approach before he dy'd he ended his days a young Youth in the 24th Year of his Age. To omit the loss of the Low-Countries by reason of the cruelty of the Inquisition we find the People in all places the most devoted and accustomed to Ecclesiastical Rigour mutinying even to Blood-shed against the Torments of that Tribunal In Naples Peter of Toledo the Viceroy in Obedience to the Pope would fain have brought it in but when he began to put it in Execution it caus'd such an Uproar among the People that it came to be almost a petty VVar between the Commonalty and the Garrison wherein many were slain on both sides so that the Viceroy was forc'd to desist in his design neither has any offer been made to obtrude any such kind of Office upon that Kingdom ever since Even in Rome it self the People detested the Cruelties of the Inquisition to that degree that the Breath was no sooner out of the Body of Paul the IV. but that they went with great furie to the new Prison of the Inquisition brake down the Doors and let out all the Prisoners therein detained could hardly be restrained from setting on fire the Church of the Dominicans as being the Persons entrusted with the Execution of that rigid Employment More then that in detestation of the Inquisition all enrag'd they forc'd their way into the Palace and meeting the Popes Statue all of Parian Marble and a noble piece of Workmanship they cut off the Head and the right Hand and for three days together kickt them about the streets and made them the sport of the whole City Nor has England it self felt the least share of the Inconveniencies of Spiritual Persecution where Acts of Parliament have been made use of only as Traps and Snares to dis-People the Nation What false Crimes were laid to the Primitive Christians by the flatterers of the Emperour Sep. Severus to Incense him to the first Persecution the same Accusations were lately thrown upon the Dissenters of being Homicides Turbulent Sacrilegious Traytors against Caesar and in a word meer Canibals And by vertue of which pretended Calumnies and meditated Slanders the Civil Magistrate out of the good Opinion he has of those that make the clamour not presently discerns the Trapan which is put upon them to make Laws for the punishment of those Persons over whom they have indeed no jurisdiction till at length the ill use of those Laws better informs their judgement and that they were imposed upon to frame Persecuting Statutes and authorize Prosecutions not to prevent disturbances in Government but to gratifie the Pride and Ambition of their hot-headed Advisers hence under pretence of disaffection to the Civil Power continual Plots and Treasons are discovered and the discovery so well managed that some are Hanged others Fin'd others condemned to long Imprisonment Which Accusations because they reach not many therefore all the rest as being Birds of the same feather must suffer for their sakes and the same pretences being still kept on foot for a Covert they let fly the Arrows of their Indignation against the whole Body and chastize the pretence where they could not find any fact committed to punish And indeed the grounds of the pretence are the only crimes committed against them all that will not conform to their Ceremonies are supposed to be seditious Persons none that go to Meetings and Conventicles can be Good and Loyal Subjects and therefore all that will not Conform or Refrain from going to Meetings must be scourged with the scorpions of Ecclesiastical Censure and Excommunication must be amerc'd at pleasure Imprison'd till Submission many to their utter Impoverishment or till they pine away in Jayle and they that would live peaceably and quietly under the Government can have no rest in their own Families Upon this thousands take their flight beyond Sea and draw off their Estates by which means the Kingdom is depopulated the Manufacture of the Nation carryed into forraign Countries and the Prince loses the Assistance of the Wealth and Persons of so many of his Subjects to the ruine of the Kingdom and scandal of the Government A sort of Christian Politicks which the Church of England could only learn from the uncharitable bigotrie of that same Prince who cryed out That he would rather choose to be King of a Countrey without People then of a Kingdome Peopled with Heriticks Contrary to the saying of Adrian one of the wisest among the Roman Emperours That he wished his Empire strengthed rather by the encrease of People and Inhabitants then excess of Treasure But this was neither the Policy of the Antient Heathens nor of the more prudent Common wealths and Governments of latter Ages Among all the Heathen Nations that we meet with in History the Egyptions were the first from whom all the world beside the Jews excepted deriv'd that same Dark Knowledge which the other had of the Gods and Divine Worship Their early Superstition had set up no less then twelve Divinities to begin withal who were all worship'd in various Shapes with various Rites and Ceremonies all which with their several Portraitures and Sacred Mysteries for so they call'd the Rites of Adoration belonging to every Idol the Grecians afterwards translated into their own Countrey and for a while exactly observed the Precepts and Methods of their first Instructors Here was a great number of Divinities with every one a particular form of worship attending him and yet we do not find that the Grecians were afraid to transport them all into their several Cities for fear least the variety of Superstitions should set their People together by the Ears while one Priest cry'd up his Divinity another extoll'd his and shatter'd the Vulgar into Factions and Contentions which was the best No the Priests were still contented with what followers they had and every man was left to his freedom to worship what Divinity he pleas'd as his Affection and Devotion govern'd him A strange misfortune to Christian Religion that the Heathens should be so conformable in the midst of so much varietie of feign'd Divinities and we not be able to adjust those few Ceremonies in dispute relating to the worship of the true and one God when we have his own inspir'd Scripture for our Guide In Athens there were as many Sects and Opinions dayly taught as there were almost